Methods, network functions and a communication network for data delivery
By employing alternative protocols and negotiating data delivery methods within 5G systems, the inefficiencies of HTTP-based SBI are overcome, enabling efficient handling of large data volumes and high frequencies in AI/ML applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/112069
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-09
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
The existing HTTP-based Service Based Interfaces (SBI) in 5G systems are inadequate for handling the increased data volume and frequency of data transmission due to the integration of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning, necessitating a more efficient data delivery mechanism.
Implementing alternative protocols such as GTP, FTP, IPFIX, and FTPS, or enhancements to the SBI protocol, allowing for negotiation between network functions to select appropriate protocols based on data delivery requirements, and extending the 'Subscribe-Notify' mechanism for flexible data delivery.
Enhances data delivery efficiency by accommodating large data volumes and high transmission frequencies, optimizing network performance for AI/ML data exchange in 5G systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025112069_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS, NETWORK FUNCTIONS AND A COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR DATA DELIVERYThe present patent application claims priority to a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 110991 filed on 2024-08-09, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the technical field of communications, and specifically to methods, network functions and a communication network for data delivery.BACKGROUND
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] The service-based architecture in the fifth Generation (5G) system facilitates flexible information exchange between network functions via standardized Service Based Interfaces (SBI) , which is defined in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification (TS) 29.500 version (V) 18.6.0.
[0004] 3GPP Service &System Aspects Working Group (SA2) has specified that end to end interaction between two Network Functions (Consumer and Producer) within Network Function (NF) framework follows two mechanisms: "Request-response" and "Subscribe-Notify" as cited in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.6.0.
[0005] The “Subscribe-Notify” mechanism allows a NF consumer to subscribe event reports on a NF producer via SBI. Currently, for the NF producer, the only way to deliver an event report is to send a notification request via the only pre-defined SBI protocol over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to the HTTP Callback Unified Resource Identifier (URI) provided by the NF consumer. With introduction of Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) , the data volume and data transmission frequency are expected to increase significantly, current HTTP based SBI interface may be neither sufficient nor efficient to fulfill such requirement.SUMMARY
[0006] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0007] Methods, network functions, communication network, computer readable storage medium and computer program product are provided in different aspects in the present disclosure. In these aspects, negotiation on protocol to be used for data delivery can be carried out beforehand, so an appropriate protocol can be chosen, which can be tailored based on different data delivery requirements, such as data volume, data transmission frequency, number of partied to receive data, etc.
[0008] Optionally, the candidate protocols can be protocols other than currently used SBI protocol over HTTP 2.0 as specified in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.6.0 and TS 29.501 V18.5.0, for example, General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol (GTP) , File Transfer Protocol (FTP) , Internet Protocol Flow Information Export (IPFIX) and File Transfer Protocol Secure (FTPS) , etc.; and / or enhancements on currently used SBI protocol over HTTP 2.0. The two kinds of protocols are called “alternative protocols” to be differentiated from the currently used SBI protocol over HTTP 2.0.
[0009] Optionally, data delivery via candidate protocols can take “Subscribe-Notify” mechanism or “Subscribe-Publish” mechanism. For the latter it means that under subscription, an NF service producer can publish data to all the network functions having subscribed the data delivery, or the NF service producer can publish data to a specified network function, and all the network functions having subscribed the data delivery can retrieve data from the specified network function.
[0010] A new mechanism of data delivery is introduced. Data can be sent via appropriate protocol, and the protocol can be negotiated ahead of time between an NF consumer and an NF producer via the traditional “Subscribe-Notify” mechanism. Optionally, the above mentioned alternative protocols can be more suitable for data delivery with large data volume and high data transmission frequency.
[0011] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for data delivery is provided, which can be performed by a first network function. The first network function can be a network service producer which sends data to a target network function via a protocol. Optionally the protocol can be an above mentioned “alternative protocol” . In the method, the first network function may receive from a second network function a request for a subscription for data delivery from the first network function, wherein the request for the subscription includes a first indication indicating at least one first protocol a target network function prefers to be used for data delivery from the first network function, the target network function is a network function to receive data from the first network function. The first network function may further send to the second network function a response for the subscription, wherein the response for the subscription includes a second indication indicating a second protocol selected from the at least one first protocol for data delivery from the first network function. The first network function may further send to the target network function data to be delivered, via the second protocol. The target network function can be a network function to receive data from the first network function. The second network function can be the target network function or an intermediate network function between the first network function and the target network function.
[0012] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, the other method for data delivery is provided, which can be performed by a second network function. The second network function can be a target network function which receives data from the first network function; or the second network function can be an intermediate function negotiating with the first network function for the protocol to be used for data delivery from the first network function to the target network function. In the method, the second network function may send to a first network function, a request for a subscription for data delivery from the first network function. The request for the subscription may include a first indication indicating at least one first protocol the target network function prefers to be used for data delivery from the first network function. The second network function may further receive from the first network function a response for the subscription, wherein the response for the subscription may include a second indication indicating a second protocol selected from the at least one first protocol for data delivery from the first network function. If the second network function is a target network function to receive data from the first network function, the second network function may receive delivered data from the first network function via the second protocol; or if the second network function is an intermediate network function between the first network function and the target network function, the delivered data can be sent from the first network function to the target network function via the second protocol.
[0013] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method for network function registration is provided, which can be performed by a third network function for network repository. In the method, the third network function may receive from a first network function a third indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function for data delivery. The third network function may save the third indication for the first network function.
[0014] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed by a fourth network function as a Domain Name System (DNS) server is provided. In the method, the fourth network function may send to a second network function a seventh indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by a first network function for data delivery. The seventh indication may include: for each third protocol, an appendix added to a Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) record for the first network function to indicate the third protocol.
[0015] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure a network function is provided, which may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory contains instructions executable by the at least one processor, whereby the network function is operative to execute any method according to the first, the second, the third or the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0016] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a network function is provided, which comprises modules executing the method according to the first, the second, the third or the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0017] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a communication network is provided, which may comprise the first network function according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the second network function according to the second aspect of the present disclosure. The communication network may further comprise the third network function according to the third aspect or the fourth network function the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0018] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium is provided, which stores thereon instructions. When the instructions are executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to the first, the second, the third or the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0019] In a nineth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product comprises instructions. When the instructions are executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to the first, the second, the third or the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0020] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a carrier containing the instructions of the nineth aspect is provided. In some embodiments, the carrier may be one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
[0021] Embodiments herein may provide many advantages, of which a non-exhaustive list of examples follows. With the indication. The embodiments herein are not limited to the features and advantages mentioned above. A person skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] The above and other aspects, features, and benefits of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent, by way of example, from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals or letters are used to designate like or equivalent elements. The drawings are illustrated for facilitating better understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure and not necessarily drawn to scale, in which:
[0023] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary communication network in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 2 shows a 5G reference architecture;
[0025] FIG. 3 shows an SBI interface Nupf on which protocol negotiations are carried in some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIGs. 4A to 4C shows communications in some embodiments of the present disclosure between NFs taking the “Subscribe-Notify” mechanism;
[0027] FIG. 5 shows a method illustrating interactions between network functions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIGs. 7 to 10 are flowcharts illustrating methods performed by network functions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0030] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing network functions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled persons in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the present disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the present disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the present disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0032] Further, following documents are incorporated herein by reference:
[0033] 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.6.0 (2024-06) “Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ; Stage 2 (Release 18) ” ;
[0034] 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.6.0 (2024-06) “Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Procedures for the 5G System (5GS) ; Stage 2 (Release 18) ” ;
[0035] 3GPP TS 23.003 V18.6.0 (2024-06) “Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; Numbering, addressing and identification; (Release 18) ” ;
[0036] 3GPP TS 29.303 V18.0.0 (2024-03) “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; Domain Name System Procedures Stage 3 (Release 18) ” ;
[0037] 3GPP TS 29.510 V18.7.0 (2024-06) “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; 5G System; Network Function Repository Services Stage 3 (Release 18) ” ;
[0038] 3GPP TS 29.500 V18.6.0 (2024-06) “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; 5G System; Technical Realization of Service Based Architecture; Stage 3 (Release 18) ” ;
[0039] 3GPP TS 29.501 V18.5.0 (2024-06) “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; 5G System; Principles and Guidelines for Services Definition; Stage 3 (Release 18) ” ;
[0040] 3GPP TS 32.295 V18.0.0 (2024-04) “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Telecommunication management; Charging management; Charging Data Record (CDR) transfer” ;
[0041] 3GPP Technical Requirement (TR) 29.889 V0.0.1 “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; 5G System; Study on Protocol for AI Data Collection from UPF” ;
[0042] 3GPP TS 29.564 V18.5.0 (2024-06) “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; 5G System; User Plane Function Services; Stage 3 (Release 18) ” ; and
[0043] Request For Comments (RFC) 7011 (2013-09) “Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information” .
[0044] Although above specifications are in a specific version, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to other versions or versions of other releases. So, the incorporation of the specific version of specification should not be considered as restrictions of the present disclosure.
[0045] Now referring to FIGs. 1 to 11, embodiments of the present disclosure will be introduced.
[0046] As shown in FIG. 1, a communication network 100 may include: a first network function 10 and a second network function 20.
[0047] The first network function 10 can be a network function to transmit or send data to a target network function. The second network function 20 can negotiate with the first network function 10 on a protocol to be used for data delivery (optionally it can be a protocol other than the currently used SBI protocol over HTTP 2.0 as specified in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.6.0 and TS 29.501 V18.5.0, and will be called as “alternative protocol” for short hereinafter ) . Optionally, the second network function 20 can be the target network function, and it will receive data from the first network function 10 via the negotiated protocol; or the second network function 20 can be an intermediate network function which sends a subscription request to the first network function 10 to subscribe data delivery from the first network function 10 to a target network function.
[0048] The data to be delivered or transmitted can be user plane data, such as the above mentioned AI related data. Or it can also be control plane data or messages. The data to be delivered may have large data volume, high frequency of data transmission, one or multiple parties to receive data. And the data delivery mechanism can be “Subscribe-Notify” or “Subscribe-Publish” .
[0049] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first network function 10 can be a network function service producer, the second network function 20 can be a network function service consumer of the first network function. The target network function is a network function service consumer of the first network function 10 or the second network function 20 (in case the second network function 20 is an intermediate network function) .
[0050] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first network function 10 can be a user plane function, such as a User Plane Function (UPF) in a 5G system. The target network function can be an application function, such as an Application Function (AF) in a 5G system or a data analysis function, such as a Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) in a 5G system. When the second network function 20 is an intermediate network function, the second network function 20 can be a session management function, such as a Session Management Function (SMF) in a 5G system.
[0051] The communication network 100 may further include a third network function 30 for network repository, such as a Network Repository Function (NRF) in a 5G system; or a fourth network function 40 as a DNS server. The first network function 10 can send an indication indicating its supported alternative protocols to the third network function 30 or the fourth network function 40. Or the supported alternative protocols by the first network function 10 can be pre-configured in the third network function 30 or the fourth network function 40, optionally by operators. The second network function 20 can get information of the supported alternative protocols by the first network function 10 from the third network function 30 (via a discovery procedure) or from the fourth network function 40 (in a Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) record) .
[0052] The communication network 100 can be a 5G system as shown in FIG. 2. In a 5G system, NFs and NF services can communicate directly, referred to as Direct Communication, or indirectly via a SCP, referred to as Indirect Communication. An NF can be an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , a Data Network (DN) , a Network Exposure Function (NEF) , a Policy Control Function (PCF) , an SMF, a Unified Data Management (UDM) , a Unified Data Repository (UDR) , a UPF, an Application Function (AF) , a (Radio) Access Network ( (R) AN) , an NWDAF, a CHarging Function (CHF) , etc. The 5G system architecture may contain following service-based interfaces: Namf, Nsmf, Nnef, Npcf, Nudm, Naf, Nudr, Nchf, Nadrf, Naanf, Nmbsmf, Nbsp, Nupf, etc. The 5G system architecture may also contain reference points N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, N9, etc.
[0053] In the present disclosure, the data delivery can be between any NFs in a communication network with a service-based architecture. Taking a 5G system as an example, the data delivery may be between an SMF and a UPF for control plane data delivery, between an AF and a UPF for user plane data delivery, between an AMF and an NWDAF for control plane data delivery, between an NWDAF and a UPF for control plane data delivery. In an architecture for interworking between a 5G system and Evolved Packet Core (EPC) / Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , the data delivery may be between an Public Data Network GateWay-Control plane (PGW-C) / SMF and PGW-User plane (PGW-U) / UPF.
[0054] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the user plane data delivery may be for data from a UPF, and the protocol negotiation can be via the SBI in the UPF to other NFs such as an SMF, NWDAF, NEF, AF, Time Sensitive Communication and Time Synchronization Function (TSCTSF) or Time Sensitive Networking Application Function (TSNAF) as shown FIG. 3. The SBI interface Nupf is defined in clause 4.2.16 of 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.6.0. Currently, user plane data from a UPF can only be delivered through user plane information exposure via the service-based interface in UPF. However, with the solutions provided in the present disclosure, the user plane data from a UPF can be delivered via an alternative protocol which may be more suitable for large volume and / or frequent data delivery.
[0055] A network function in the present disclosure can be implemented either on a dedicated hardware, or as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualized function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g. on a cloud infrastructure.
[0056] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, protocol negotiation between the first network function 10 and the second network function 20 can take the “Subscribe-Notify” mechanism defined in 3GPP TS 23.501 v18.6.0.
[0057] As shown in FIG. 4A, a NF_A (NF Service Consumer) subscribes to NF Service offered by another NF_B (NF Service Producer) . Multiple NFs may subscribe to the same NF Service. NF_B notifies the results of this NF service to the interested NF (s) that subscribed to this NF service. The subscription request shall include the notification endpoint, i.e. a Notification Target Address and a Notification Correlation ID (e.g. the callback URI) of the NF Service Consumer to which the event notification from the NF Service Producer should be sent to.
[0058] A NF_A may also subscribe to NF Service offered by a NF_B on behalf of a NF_C, i.e. it requests the NF Service Producer to send the event notification to another consumer (s) , as shown in FIG. 4B. In this case, NF_A includes the notification endpoint, i.e. Notification Target Address) and a Notification Correlation ID, of the NF_C in the subscription request. NF_A may also additionally include the notification endpoint and a Notification Correlation ID of NF A associated with subscription change related Event ID (s) , e.g. Subscription Correlation ID Change, in the subscription request, so that NF_A can receive the notification of the subscription change related event.
[0059] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show direct communications between NFs. For an indirect communication, the NFs may communicate via an SCP. An SCP is employed by the NF service consumer. The SCP routes messages between NF service consumers and NF service producers, and may do discovery and associated selection of the NF service producer on behalf of a NF service consumer. FIG. 4C shows an example of a “Subscribe-Notify” interaction.
[0060] Details of the mechanism "Subscribe-Notify" can be referred to clause 7.1 in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.6.0.
[0061] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the “Subscribe-Notify” mechanism is extended to allow alternative protocol (s) (or called “delivery methods” ) for data delivery, delivering event reports and / or bulk data other than the SBI HTTP interface, e.g. GTP, File Transfer Protocol FTP, IPFIX and FTPS, etc.
[0062] Both the first network function 10 (as a network function service producer) and the target network function (as a network function service consumer) may support at least one such alternative protocol.
[0063] The first network function 10 may indicate supported protocols in its NF profile that can be learnt by the second network function 20 before the subscription.
[0064] The second network function 20 may indicate preferred protocols in the subscription request. Optionally, for each protocol, information used to establish communication for data delivery via the protocol can be provided, e.g. for FTP, the FTP URI can be provided. The preferred protocols can be supported by the second network function 20. Optionally, the second network function 20 can based on the requirements on data delivery to choose preferred protocols from the protocols it supports.
[0065] The first network function 10 may indicate the selected protocol for this subscription in the response. If the second network function 20 is the target network function, it may ensure the preparation to receive data via the selected protocol, e.g. to ensure the FTP server on the URI is up and running; if the second network function 20 is not the target network function, it may send a subscription response to the target network function indicating the selected protocol and optionally the supported protocol (s) by the first network function 10. Then the target network function may ensure the preparation to receive data from the first network function 10 via the selected protocol.
[0066] The first network function 10 receives the at least one preferred protocol from the second network 20, from which it can choose one it supports as the selected protocol. Optionally besides the selected protocol, it may further indicate in the response for subscription its supported protocols, which can be used by the second network function 20 or the target network function (if the second network function 20 is an intermediate network function) for other subscriptions in future.
[0067] Another case is that the second network function or the target network function may not get any indication on supported protocols by the first network function 10, so it may set the preferred protocol (s) based on local configuration, for example, it may include all the protocols it supports in the preferred protocol (s) , or it may further based on requirement on the data delivery to determine from its supported protocols what it prefers for the current data delivery as the preferred protocol (s) . For it has no idea what protocol (s) the first network function 10 supports, one possible result is that none of the preferred protocol (s) is supported by the first network function 10. In such case, the first network function 10 may either choose a protocol it supports based on local configuration or just indicates that none of the preferred protocol (s) by the second network function 20 or the target network function is supported by the first network function 10. And optionally, it may further indicate in the response for the subscription supported protocol (s) by itself, upon receiving which the second network function 20 may reselect one or more protocols it supports and further indicate in a subscription update service request to the first network function 10 in another round of protocol negotiation.
[0068] When data is to be delivered, for example in event reports to the target network function, the first network function 10 may pack the event reports and deliver via the selected protocol. The target network function then can process the received event reports via the selected protocol. Alternatively, data can also be delivered in ways other than event reports.
[0069] Taking UPF as an example of the first network function, the UPF event subscription may possibly be relayed via SMF (in such case, the SMF is an example of the second network function 20 and is an intermediate network function) . The SMF may learn the supported protocol (s) by the UPF and be notified of the selected protocol by the UPF. Thus the DNS extension may be helpful as the SMF / PGW-C can select UPF via DNS mechanism.
[0070] Now referring to FIG. 5, a method 200 illustrating interactions between network functions in the communication network 100 is introduced.
[0071] There are two options for saving supported protocol (s) by a network function: option 1: in a network function for network repository; option 2: in a network function as a DNS server.
[0072] Option 1. in the third network function 30 for network repository
[0073] In step S201, the first network function 10 may send to the third network function 30 a message for registration or a request for updating its profile, including an indication (called “third indication” ) indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery. In this way, the first network function 10 announces its support of the at least one third protocol.
[0074] There are at least two optional implementations of the third indication:
[0075] -Optional implementation A in which the third indication is included in information for supported features by the first network function;
[0076] -Optional implementation B in which the third indication is included in protocol support information for the first network function (10) ’s profile.
[0077] They are described in detail as followed:
[0078] Optional implementation A
[0079] There are two ways to include the third indication in the information for supported features.
[0080] One way is that each protocol indicated by the third indication can be included as a new supported feature for at least one specific service provided by the first network function 10. Taking UPF as an example of the first network function 10, NRF as an example of the third network function 20, a UPF can invoke service operation “NFRegister” or “NFUpdate” to send the third indication to an NRF. The third indication can be a list of features each representing a protocol the UPF supports for data delivery. The Table 6.1.8-1 Supported Features in 3GPP TS 29.564 V18.5.0 can be extended as such, the underlined parts are new added features. Following tables show examples in which the protocol is an alternative protocol. 6.1.8 Feature negotiation The optional features listed in table 6.2.8-1 are defined for the Nupf_EventExposure API. They shall be negotiated using the extensibility mechanism defined in clause 6.6 of 3GPP TS 29.500. Table 6.1.8-1: Supported Features
[0081] In the other way, the third indication can be implemented as a combination or supported feature and protocol support information for NF profile. As shown in following table, the third indication may include “DEVM” in the “Supported Features” (in Table 6.1.8-1 Supported Features in 3GPP TS 29.564 V18.5.0) which indicates that the UPF supports using alternative protocol (s) for data delivery, and further indicate detailed information of the supported alternative protocols in a new data type “supportedReportDeliveryMethods” in IE “UpfInfo” in the “NFProfile” (extended in Table 6.1.6.2.13-1: Definition of type UpfInfo in 3GPP TS 29.510 V18.7.0) . 6.1.8 Feature negotiation The optional features listed in table 6.2.8-1 are defined for the Nupf_EventExposure API. They shall be negotiated using the extensibility mechanism defined in clause 6.6 of 3GPP TS 29.500. Table 6.1.8-1: Supported Features 6.1.6.2.13 Type: UpfInfo Table 6.1.6.2.13-1: Definition of type UpfInfo
[0082] The new data type “ReportDeliveryMethod” represent an alternative protocol for data delivery.
[0083] Optional implementation B
[0084] The third indication can be included in protocol support information for the first network 10’s profile. Taking UPF as an example of the first network function 10, the third indication can be implemented as the above mentioned new data type “supportedReportDeliveryMethods” in IE “UpfInfo” in the “NFProfile” (extended in Table 6.1.6.2.13-1: Definition of type UpfInfo in 3GPP TS 29.510 V18.7.0) .
[0085] With any of the above mentioned optional implementation of the third indication, the second network function 20 can learn the same by retrieving the first network function 10’s NF Profile stored in the NRF, optionally by invoking an event exposure service of the first network function 10. For example, when invoking Nupf_eventexposure service, the second network function 20 can learn the same by retrieving the UPF NF Profile stored in the NRF.
[0086] In step S202, a second network function 20 may send to the third network function 30 a discovery request to discover a network function supporting data delivery via a specified protocol. Optionally, the discovery request may further include an indication (called “sixth indication” ) indicating at least one protocol (called “fourth protocol” ) preferred to be supported by a candidate network function to be discovered. If the second network function 20 is an intermediate network function, it can discover first network function 10 for the target network function via the above discovery procedure.
[0087] Accordingly the third network function 30 will find network functions meet the requirement in the discovery request. If the sixth indication is included, the third network function 30 may find network functions supporting part or all of the at least one fourth protocol.
[0088] In step S203, the third network function 30 may send a discovery response including a list of discovered network function (s) , and for each discovered network function an indication (called “fifth indication” ) indicating at least one protocol supported by the network function. If the sixth indication is included in the discovery request, in the discovery response, the third network function 30 may include all the protocols a discovered network function supports or only include an intersection of preferred protocols by the second network function 20 and the supported protocols by the discovered network function.
[0089] In a 5G system, Nnrf_NFDiscovery service can be invoked by the second network function 20 to send the discovery request, and receive a discovery response from an NRF.
[0090] Option 2. in the fourth network function 40 as a DNS server
[0091] In step S201’, the first network function 10 may send to the fourth network function 40 a fourth indication indicating the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10. Or in step S201” , the at least one third protocol is pre-configured by operators in the fourth network function 40. In this way, the first network function 10 can register itself in the fourth network function 40, so that the second network function 20 can learn the same by retrieving the DNS NAPTR record for the first network function 10.
[0092] For each third protocol, an appendix can be added to an NAPTR record for the first network function 10 to indicate the third protocol.
[0093] Taking PGW-U / UPF as an example of the first network function 10, NAPTR records under an Access Point Name (APN) Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) corresponding to each UP function serving as a PGW-U / UPF with the following "Service Parameters" :
[0094] "x-3gpp-upf: x-n4"
[0095] Therefore, to indicate the support of each third protocol, the corresponding NAPTR record can be appended with the character string "+nc-<network capability>" to the 'a pp-protocol' name.
[0096] "x-3gpp-upf: x-n4+nc-< each third protocol >" (for example, ” x-3gpp-upf: x-n4+nc-upeas-report-delivery-ftp” to indicate the FTP based report delivery) .
[0097] In step S203’, the second network function 20 may receive from the fourth network function 40, a seventh indication indicating the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery. Taking UPF as an example of the first network function 10, The second network function 20 as an NF consumer of the UPF can retrieve the DNS NAPTR record for the UPF by using the UPF FQDN , as specified in clauses 5.12.3.3 and 5.12.3.4 of 3GPP TS 29.303 V18.0.0 , wherein each UPF candidate (e.g. combined PGW-U / UPF) can be provisioned by operators, for each APN configured in the communication network 100.
[0098] To be noted that, for the above two options, if the second network function 20 creates an event subscription on the first network function, there may be no need to perform NF selection on the first network function 10. Taking UPF as an example of the first network function, the UPF for a given Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session has been selected, the second network function 20 can learn what protocol is supported by the UPF by retrieving its NF profile in the NRF or its NAPTR DNS record.
[0099] In step S2041, the second network function 20, as an intermediate network function, may receive from a target network function a request for a subscription for data delivery from the first network function 10, then in step S2042, the second network function 20 may send a subscription request to the first network function 10.
[0100] Or in step S2042, the second network function 20, as the target network function, send the request for the subscription directly to the first network function 10.
[0101] In the request for the subscription in step S2041, a first indication can be included indicating at least one first protocol the target network function 20 prefers to be used for data delivery from the first network function 10. Then the second network function 20 as the intermediate network function in step S2042 indicates in the request for subscription to the first network function 10 the at least one first protocol received in step S2041.
[0102] Or if the second network function 20 is the target network function, it includes in step S2042 a first indication indicating at least one first protocol it prefers to be used for data delivery in the request for subscription.
[0103] Taking UPF as an example of the first network function 10, when consuming Nupf_EventExposure service, the NF consumer, i.e. the target network function, may consider the capability of a candidate UPF on support of each protocol learned in step S203 or S203’, and then includes its "supportedFeatures" and / or IEs for protocol support information related to its preferred protocol (s) , wherein the first protocols may be called "preferredReportDeliveryMethods" , in the service request message. Here, the service request message is an example of the subscription request, the “preferredReportDeliveryMethods” is an example of the first indication.
[0104] To be noted that, The “supportedFeatures” attribute included in the service request includes protocol (s) the NF consumer supports, it is not perfectly fitting with the semantics of the purpose, where we propose the NF consumer indicates the preferred report delivery method information, which may include multiple options to let the NF producer to choose. However, the preferred report delivery method information may also contain information, e.g. Internet Protocol (IP) address + port number, which can be used for the delivery method.
[0105] In step S2043, the first network function 10 may send to the second network function 20 a response for the subscription (or called “subscription response” ) . The response for the subscription may include a second indication indicating a second protocol selected from the at least one first protocol for data delivery from the first network function 10. If the second network function 20 is an intermediate network function, it may further in step S2044, send a subscription response to the target network function including the second indication indicating a second protocol selected from the at least one first protocol for data delivery from the first network function 10. Optionally, the response for the subscription may further include an eighth indication indicating at least one fifth protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery. The least one fifth protocol may be same with or a subset of the at least one third protocol sent to the third network function 30 or the fourth network function 40.
[0106] Taking UPF as an example of the first network function 10, the UPF may determine which protocol is selected for this subscription resource, and send in the service response message (that is an example of the subscription response) , relevant information (such as IP address and port number etc. ) to enable this protocol, in an information element, preferably called selectedReportDeliveryMethod (that is an example of the second indication) . Optionally, it may also send the service response message including an IE “supportedReportDeliveryMethod” to indicate supported protocol (s) by the UPF.
[0107] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above mentioned indications indicating at least one protocol can further indicate for each protocol, information of the sender of the indication used by the receiver of the indication to establish communication for data delivery via the protocol.
[0108] For example, for each first protocol, the first indication further indicates information of the target network function used to establish communication for data delivery via the first protocol; the second indication further indicates information of the first network function 10 used to establish communication for data delivery via the second protocol; for each third protocol, the third indication further indicates information of the first network function 10 used to establish communication for data delivery via the third protocol; for each third protocol, the fourth indication further indicates information of the first network function 10 used to establish communication for data delivery via the third protocol and for each fifth protocol, the eighth indication further indicates information of the first network function 10 used to establish communication for data delivery via the fifth protocol.
[0109] Optionally, the information of a network function used to establish communication for data delivery via a protocol may include:
[0110] -endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol; and / or
[0111] -additional protocol information except the endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol (e.g. IP address + port number, FTP URI, FTPS related authentication information, GTP Fully Qualified Tunnel Endpoint Identifier (F-TEID) , etc) .
[0112] Optionally, the above mentioned “first protocol” , “second protocol” , “third protocol” , “fourth protocol” and “fifth protocol” can be an alternative protocol mentioned above. To support data delivery with specific requirements, such as large data volume, high transmission frequency, etc. Following new introduced IEs are examples for alternative protocols, however it can be understood that they can also be any protocol including currently used SBI protocol over HTTP 2.0 as specified in 3G PP TS 23.501 V18.6.0 and 3GPP TS 29.501 V18.5.0 to achieve flexible protocol selection.
[0113] To be noted that the above mentioned new IEs, "supportedReportDeliveryMethods" , "preferredReportDeliveryMethods" and "selectedReportDeliveryMethods" may be encoded using the same data type -a map of ReportDeliveryMethod , but may have different semantics.
[0114] Data type ReportDeliveryMethod can be added in the 3GPP TS29.564 V18.5.0:
[0115] 6.1.6.2. XX Type: ReportDeliveryMethod Table 6.1.6.2.15-1: Definition of type ReportDeliveryMethod
[0116] The consumersAddiInfo and the producersAddiInfo can be extensible containers for forward compatibility, reserved for extension for future new added delivery methods. Examples of DeliveryMethod Definition can be : Enumeration DeliveryMethod
[0117] The attribute “preferredReportDeliveryMethods” can be added into the data type UpfEventSubscription or added into the data type CreateEventSubscription, both can be included in the subscription request in step S2042 and optionally in step S2041. The attribute “selectedReportDeliveryMethod” and “supportedDeliveryMethods” can be added into the data type “CreatedEventSubscription” to be included in the subscription response in step S2043 and optionally in step S2044. Details of the new added attributes shown in following tables, which can be defined based on 3GPP TS 29.564 V18.5.0.
[0118] 6.1.6.2.11 Type: UpfEventSubscription Table 6.1.6.2.11-1: Definition of type UpfEventSubscription
[0119] 6.1.6.2.14 Type: CreateEventSubscription Table 6.2.6.2.14-1: Definition of type CreateEventSubscription
[0120] 6.1.6.2.15 Type: CreatedEventSubscription Table 6.1.6.2.15-1: Definition of type CreatedEventSubscription
[0121] In case the second network function 20 is an intermediate network function and taking UPF as an example of the first network function 10 and SMF as an example of the second network function 20, as specified in clause 4.15.4.5.2, the SMF is served as an intermediate NF, wherein the SMF may invoke Nupf_EventExposure service on behaviour of an NWDAF or an AF to create UPF Event Subscription in the UPF, i.e. the NWDAF or the AF is the true NF consumer of Nupf_EventExpoure in the procedure. So, the NWDAF or the AF can include the preferredReportDeliveryMethods in the service request towards the SMF, and the SMF shall forward preferredReportDeliveryMethods to the UPF if the UPF can support at least one method included in the preferredReportDeliveryMethods. The SMF shall also forward the selectedReportDeliveryMethods to the true consumer, that is the NWDAF or the AF.
[0122] The preferredReportDeliveryMethods may be included in the 3GPP Customer HTTP header as an alternative to be included in the message of service request to the SMF and the UPF; similarly the selectedReportDeliveryMethod and optionally the supportedReportDeliveryMethod may be included in the 3GPP customer HTTP header as an alternative to be included in the message of service response to the SMF and the NWDAF or the AF.
[0123] In step S205 or in step S205’ (the second network function is an intermediate network function) , the first network function 10 sends to the target network function, data to be delivered, via the second protocol (selected by the first network function 10) .
[0124] There are different implementations for an alternative protocol:
[0125] Implementation 1
[0126] A new type of Length, Value (TLV based) protocol can be introduced.
[0127] Implementation 2
[0128] An existing protocol, e.g., GTPv2, or the GTP prime can be reused. To be noted that, GTP Prime is specified in 3GPP TS 32.295 V18.0.0 to deliver Charging Data Records for different Packet Data Network (PDN) Connections from Charging Data Function to Charging Gateway Function, which is similar to deliver the event reports applicable to different subscriptions, e.g. corresponding to different PDU sessions.
[0129] Implementation 3
[0130] FTP or FTPS can be used instead of HTTP or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) .
[0131] Implementation 4
[0132] IPFIX as specified in Request For Comments (RFC) 7011 can be used.
[0133] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the data to be delivered is identified with an identifier of the subscription, so the target network function can know for which subscription is the received data. And optionally, the response for the subscription can include a subscription identifier, and the identifier of subscription comprises the subscription identifier. Or the response for the subscription may include a subscription identifier, and the identifier of the subscription comprises the subscription identifier and an address of the target network function for receiving a notification from the first network function 10. Or the identifier of the subscription includes a globally unique correlation identifier of a notification from the first network function 10.
[0134] Taking UPF as an example of the first network function 10, the data to be delivered can be sent in a form of event reports. Each event report for a given subscription id includes the existing data type NotificationData as defined in 3GPP TS 29.564 V18.5.0, where the NotificationData can be extended with the following parameter to enable the receiver to identify which subscription the event report is for:
[0135] 1. subscription id;
[0136] 2. eventNotifyUri (optional) .
[0137] Or the target network function 20, that is the NF consumer can already allocate a unique correlationId for different subscriptions from the same NF consumer.
[0138] 6.1.6.2.2 Type: NotificationData Table 6.1.6.2.2-1: Definition of type NotificationData
[0139] Now referring to FIG. 6, an exemplary procedure illustrating interactions between network functions in the communication network 100 is introduced. NF Service Consumer of Nupf_ee service is an example of the target network function and the second network function 20, NRF is an example of the third network function 30, and UPF is an example of the first network function 10. In this procedure, there is no intermediate network function between the NF Service Consumer and the UPF.
[0140] Core Network &Terminals (CT4) has agreed a new UPF data Collection for AI / ML and whether alternative protocols, or enhancements to the existing SBI protocol, are needed to optimize the AI / ML data collection while ensuring secure, scalable and reliable data transfers across the core network.
[0141] It is agreed that the study shall remain within the scope of the existing 5GC architecture and SA2 requirements (i.e. to collect data from the UPF using the Nupf_EventExposure service) .
[0142] Only the protocol for collecting the data is the object of this study.
[0143] However, as specified in 3GPP TS 29.564 V18.5.0, a NF service consumer has only one alternative to provide an eventNotifyUri URI together with a notifyCorrelationId to receive the event reports; and the UPF, as the NF service producer can only send the report to this Uri together with the correlationId using the HTTP POST as specified in clause 5.2.2.3.
[0144] A key issue should be defined to study a possible mechanism between the NF service consumer (of Nupf_EventExposure service) and the UPF to enable them to negotiate the possible protocol alternative to notify the generated event reports.
[0145] It is proposed to agree the following changes to 3GPP TR 29.889 V0.0.1.
[0146] The service-based architecture in 5G facilitates flexible information exchange between network functions via standardized Service Based Interfaces (SBI) . This definition, i.e., the Network Function Service Framework as specified in 3GPP TS 23.501 [1] , provides a suitable framework for 5G system especially the AI / ML functions (e.g. NWDAF) to collect required data from various sources, which is using the "Subscribe-Notify" mechanism that the NF Service consumer request to create an event subscription at the UPF through SBI interface or PFCP based N4 interface at the control plane.
[0147] As AI / ML adoption grows for 5G use cases like network automation, analytics and others, various NF service consumers (including those indirect service consumer) for Nupf_EventExposure service, for different application traffic and different use cases, may prefer to use different protocols to request the UPF to populate those event reports to the relevant NF service consumer in more efficient ways, e.g. to avoid transcoding between SBI and other protocols, to support continuous data streaming, etc.
[0148] However, as specified in 3GPP TS 29.564 [2] , a NF service consumer has only one alternative to provide an eventNotifyUri URI together with a notifyCorrelationId to receive the event reports; and the UPF, as the NF service producer can only send the report to this Uri together with the correlationId using the HTTP POST as specified in clause 5.2.2.3.
[0149] This key issue will study the following aspects: studying a possible mechanism between the NF service consumer (of Nupf_EventExposure service) and the UPF to enable them to negotiate the possible protocol alternatives for the generated event report notifications based on the existing SBI.
[0150] Here, with reference to FIG. 6 a solution is illustrated for the Key issue -Enabling Flexible UPF Event Reports Delivery.
[0151] As described in the Study Item description, the study shall remain within the scope of the existing 5GC architecture and SA2 requirements (i.e. to collect data from the UPF using the Nupf_EventExposure service) . Only the protocol for collecting the data is the object of this study.
[0152] CT4 should define a solution to enable other alternative protocols to convey the generated events reports to the NF service consumer (of the Nupf_EventExposure service) , other than using the HTTP POST send the report to eventNotifyUri URI together with an notifyCorrelationId provided by the NF service consumer.
[0153] It is proposed to agree the following changes to 3GPP TR 29.889 V0.0.1.
[0154] As specified in clause 4.15.4.5 in 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.6.0, to collect data from the UPF using the Nupf_EventExposure service, the existing mechanism between a NF service consumer and a NF service producer "Subscribe-Notify" as specified in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.6.0 shall be used.
[0155] So, a solution between the NF service consumer (of Nupf_EventExposure service) and the UPF is required to enable them to negotiate the among supported protocol alternatives and / or various enhancements based on the existing protocol and determine how to populate the subsequent event reports generated for the subscription.
[0156] As shown in FIG. 6, in steps 1 and 2, the UPF, as the NF service producer, announces its support of a list of protocols alternatives and enhancements based on the existing protocol to deliver the event reports, where each protocol alternative and each enhancement to the current protocol as specified in clause 5.2.2.3 of 3GPP TS 29.564 V18.5.0 may be defined as an enumeration value of a data type "supportedReportDeliveryMethods" in the upfInfo.
[0157] In steps 3 and 4, before invoking Nupf_EventExposure service, the NF service consumer may learn the support of different protocol alternatives and enhancements for delivery of event reports by retrieving the UPF NF Profile stored in the NRF if it is possible, e.g. when the NF service consumer directly invoke the UPF event exposure service.
[0158] In step 5, the NF service consumer determines its "preferredReportDeliveryMethods" based on the UPF's supportedReportDeliveryMethods and includes the same in the service request message sent to the UPF, together with the corresponding protocolSupportInformation to enable this alternative from the consumer side if such protocol requires so. If the NF service consumer doesn't get the "supportedReportDeliveryMethods" for the UPF, the NF service consumer determines the "preferredReportDeliveryMethods" based on the local configuration.
[0159] In step 6, the NF service producer, i.e. the UPF, in the service response message, determines which alternative, based on the ones included in the "preferredReportDeliveryMethods" if received, is selected for this subscription resource, and includes it in the "selectedReportDeliveryMethod" together with the corresponding protocolSupportInformation to enable this alternative from the UPF side. The UPF includes its supportedReportDeliveryMethods in the service response.
[0160] To be noted that, the UPF will select one of alternatives which it supports and included in the "preferredReportDeliveryMethods" if possible, otherwise the UPF determines which alternative to use based on its local configuration. This can result in that a Report Delivery Method which is not preferred by the NF service consumer is selected, so, the supportedReportDeliveryMethods included the service response is to allow the NF service consumer to change the data delivery methods in the subsequent subscription update service request.
[0161] In step 7, when event reports are delivered in an alternative other than the existing one (where the event report (s) is sent towards the eventNotifyUri, together with the correlation id, where the event reports can be sufficiently differentiated in the NF service consumer) , event report (s) for a given subscription shall reuse the existing data type NotificationData (e.g. as a JSON string) , however, the NotificationData is extended to include the subscription id (allocated by the UPF) and the eventNotifyUri (included by the NF service consumer in the service request) to enable the NF service consumer to identify which subscription the event report is for.
[0162] In step 8, the following is to exemplify how different protocols alternative can be used to deliver the event reports:
[0163] a. reusing an existing protocol, e.g., the GTP prime, or a new Type, Length, Value (TLV based) protocol. In this case, the NF service consumer needs to include it as its "preferredReportDeliveryMethods" and provide the protocolSupportInformation includes its IP address and UDP / TCP port number to enable the UPF to initiate the communication to deliver the event reports.
[0164] To be noted that, the GTP Prime is specified in 3GPP TS 32.295 to deliver Charging Data Records for different PDN Connections from Charging Data Function to Charging Gateway Function, which is very similar to deliver the event reports applicable to different subscriptions, e.g. corresponding to different PDU sessions.
[0165] b. using ftp instead of http or https. In this case, if the NF service consumer is served as a FTP server, it will include it as its "preferredReportDeliveryMethods" and provide the ftp IP address and port in the protocolSupportInformation; otherwise it doesn't provide any ftp server address.
[0166] c. using IPFIX as specified in RFC 7011.
[0167] This solution may have impacts on the UPF, NF service consumer (of Nupf_EventExposure service) , e.g. the SMF and NWDAF, and the NRF. It provides a framework with backwards compatible manner enabling the NF service consumer (of Nupf_EventExposure) to negotiate a preferred protocol to deliver the event reports efficiently for a given subscription.
[0168] Now referring to FIG. 7, a method performed by the first network function 10 is described.
[0169] In step S2042, the first network function 10 may receive from the second network function 20, a request for a subscription for data delivery from the first network function 10, wherein the request for the subscription may include a first indication indicating at least one first protocol the target network function prefers to be used for data delivery from the first network function 10. Optionally, the at least one first protocol is an alternative protocol. wherein the target network function is a network function to receive data from the first network function 10.
[0170] In step S2043, the first network function 10 sends to the second network function 20, a response for the subscription, wherein the response for the subscription includes a second indication indicating a second protocol selected from the at least one first protocol for data delivery from the first network function 10.
[0171] In step S205 or S205’, the first network function may send to the target network function, data to be delivered, via the second protocol; the second network function 20 is the target network function or an intermediate network function between the first network function 10 and the target network function.
[0172] Optionally, before step S2042, in step S201, the first network function 10 may send to the third network function 30 for network repository, a third indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery. Optionally, the at least one third protocol is an alternative protocol.
[0173] Optionally, before the step S2042, in step S201’, the first network function 10 may send to a fourth network function 40 as a DNS server, a fourth indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery; or at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery is pre-configured in a DNS server. Optionally, the at least one third protocol is an alternative protocol.
[0174] Other optional implementations performed by the first network function 10 can be referred to the operations performed by the first network function 10 in the above mentioned method 200 and FIG. 5.
[0175] Now referring to FIG. 8, a method performed by the second network function 20 is described.
[0176] In step S2042, the second network function 20 may send to the first network function 10, a request for a subscription for data delivery from the first network function 10, wherein the request for the subscription comprises a first indication indicating at least one first protocol a target network function prefers to be used for data delivery from the first network function 10. Optionally, the at least one first protocol is an alternative protocol. The target network function is a network function to receive data from the first network function 10.
[0177] In step S2043, the second network function 20 may receive from the first network function 10, a response for the subscription, wherein the response for the subscription comprises a second indication indicating a second protocol selected from the at least one first protocol for data delivery from the first network function 10.
[0178] If the second network function 20 is the target network function, in step S205, the second network function 20 may receive delivered data from the first network function 10 via the second protocol; or the second network function 20 is an intermediate network function between the first network function 10 and the target network function, the delivered data is sent from the first network function 10 to the target network function via the second protocol.
[0179] Optionally, if the second network function 20 is an intermediate network function, in step S2041, the second network function 20 may receive from the target network function, the request for the subscription; and in step S2044, the second network function 20 may send to the target network function, the response for the subscription.
[0180] Optionally, before the step S2042, in step S203, the second network function 20 may receive from the third network function 30, a fifth indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery. Optionally, the at least one third protocol is an alternative protocol.
[0181] Optionally, the fifth indication is included in a discovery response from the third network function 30, and before the step S203, in step S202, the second network function may send to the third network function 30, a discovery request to discover a network function supporting data delivery via a protocol. Optionally the protocol is an alternative protocol, or send to the third network function 30, a discovery request comprising a sixth indication indicating at least one fourth protocol preferred to be supported by a candidate network function to be discovered. Optionally, the at least one fourth protocol is an alternative protocol.
[0182] Optionally, before the step S2042, in step S203’, the second network function 20 may receive from the fourth network function 40, a seventh indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery. Optionally, the at least one third protocol is an alternative protocol.
[0183] Other optional implementations performed by the second network function 20 can be referred to the operations performed by the second network function 20 in the above mentioned method 200 and FIG. 5.
[0184] Now referring to FIG. 9, a method performed by the third network function 30 is described.
[0185] In step S201, the third network function 20 may receive from the first network function 10, a third indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery. Optionally, the at least one third protocol is an alternative protocol. The third network function 30 may save the third indication for the first network function 10.
[0186] Optionally, in step S202, the third network function 30 may receive from the second network function 20, a discovery request to discover a network function supporting data delivery via a protocol. Optionally, the protocol can be an alternative protocol. Or the third network function 20 may receive from the second network function 20, a discovery request comprising a sixth indication indicating at least one fourth protocol preferred to be supported by a candidate network function to be discovered. Optionally, the at least one fourth protocol is an alternative protocol.
[0187] Optionally, in step S203, the third network function 30 may send to the second network function 20, a fifth indication indicating the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery.
[0188] Other optional implementations performed by the third network function 30 can be referred to the operations performed by the third network function 30 in the above mentioned method 200 and FIG. 5.
[0189] Now referring to FIG. 10, a method performed by the fourth network function 40 is described.
[0190] In step S203’, the fourth network function 40 may send to the second network function 20, a seventh indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery. Optionally, the at least one third protocol is an alternative protocol. Wherein the seventh indication includes: for each third protocol, an appendix added to a Naming Authority Pointer NAPTR record for the first network function 10 to indicate the third protocol.
[0191] Optionally, the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 is pre-configured in the fourth network function 40; or before the step S203’, in step S201’, the fourth network function 40 may receive from the first network function 10 a fourth indication indicating the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function 10 for data delivery.
[0192] Other optional implementations performed by the fourth network function 40 can be referred to the operations performed by the fourth network function 40 in the above mentioned method 200 and FIG. 5.
[0193] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a communication device according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The block diagram can be applicable to any of the above mentioned network functions, to execute the method mentioned above by the corresponding communication device.
[0194] As shown in FIG. 11, the communication device can include at least one processor 101, at least one memory 102 that stores a program, and optionally a communication interface 103 for communicating data with external devices.
[0195] The program includes program instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 101, enable the communication device to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed above. That is, the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented at least in part by computer software executable by the at least one processor 101, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0196] The memory 102 can be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, flash memories, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memories and removable memories. The processor 101 can be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and can include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multi-core processor architectures, as non-limiting examples.
[0197] Other communication devices are also provided in the present disclosure, which can be part of whole of any the above mentioned network functions, each including modules to perform the method mentioned above by the corresponding communication device.
[0198] In general, the various exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0199] As such, it should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit chips and modules. It should thus be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be realized in an apparatus that is embodied as an integrated circuit, where the integrated circuit may comprise circuitry (as well as possibly firmware) for embodying at least one or more of a data processor, a digital signal processor, baseband circuitry and radio frequency circuitry that are configurable so as to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
[0200] It should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be embodied in computer-executable instructions, such as in one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types when executed by a processor in a computer or other device. The computer executable instructions may be stored on a computer readable medium such as a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid state memory, RAM, etc. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the function of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. In addition, the function may be embodied in whole or in part in firmware or hardware equivalents such as integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , and the like.
[0201] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment” , “an embodiment” and so on, indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0202] It should be understood that, although the terms “first” , “second” and so on may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0203] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” should be understood to mean “only A, only B, or both A and B. ” The phrase “A and / or B” should be understood to mean “only A, only B, or both A and B” .
[0204] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The terms “connect” , “connects” , “connecting” and / or “connected” used herein cover the direct and / or indirect connection between two elements. It should be noted that two blocks shown in succession in the above figures may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
[0205] The present disclosure includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalization thereof. Various modifications and adaptations to the foregoing exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, any and all modifications will still fall within the scope of the non-Limiting and exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A method (200) for data delivery performed by a first network function (10) , comprising:- receiving (S2042) , from a second network function (20) , a request for a subscription for data delivery from the first network function (10) , wherein the request for the subscription comprises a first indication indicating at least one first protocol a target network function prefers to be used for data delivery from the first network function (10) , wherein the target network function is a network function to receive data from the first network function (10) ;- sending (S2043) , to the second network function (20) , a response for the subscription, wherein the response for the subscription comprises a second indication indicating a second protocol selected from the at least one first protocol for data delivery from the first network function (10) ;- sending (S205, S205’) , to the target network function, data to be delivered, via the second protocol; the second network function (20) is the target network function or an intermediate network function between the first network function (10) and the target network function.2.The method according to claim 1, before receiving (S2042) the request for a subscription, further comprising:- sending (S201) , to a third network function (30) for network repository, a third indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein- the third indication is included in information for supported features by the first network function (10) ; and / or- the third indication is included in protocol support information for the first network function (10) ’s profile.4.The method according to claim 1, wherein- before receiving (S2042) the subscription request, the method further comprises: sending (S201’) , to a fourth network function (40) as a Domain Name System (DNS) server, a fourth indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery; or at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery is pre-configured in a DNS server.5.The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the response for the subscription further comprises an eighth indication indicating at least one fifth protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery.6.The method according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein- for each first protocol, the first indication further indicates information of the target network function used to establish communication for data delivery via the first protocol;- the second indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the second protocol;- for each third protocol, the third indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the third protocol;- for each third protocol, the fourth indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the third protocol; and / or- for each fifth protocol, the eighth indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the fifth protocol.7.The method according to claim 6, wherein the information of a network function used to establish communication for data delivery via a protocol comprises:- endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol; and / or- additional protocol information except the endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol.8.The method according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the data to be delivered is identified with an identifier of the subscription.9.The method according to claim 8, wherein- the response for the subscription further comprises a subscription identifier, and the identifier of subscription comprises the subscription identifier;- the response for the subscription further comprises a subscription identifier, and the identifier of the subscription comprises the subscription identifier and an address of the target network function for receiving a notification from the first network function (10) ; or- the identifier of the subscription comprises a globally unique correlation identifier of a notification from the first network function (10) .10.The method according any of claims 1 to 9, wherein- the first network function (10) is a network function service producer;- the second network function (20) is a network function service consumer of the first network function (10) ;- the target network function is a network function service consumer of the first network function (10) or the second network function (20) .11.The method according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein- the first network function (10) is a user plane function;- the target network function is an application function or a data analysis function and the second network function (20) is a session management function; and / or- the second network function (20) is an application function or a data analysis function.12.A method (200) for data delivery performed by a second network function (20) , comprising:- sending (S2042) , to a first network function (10) , a request for a subscription for data delivery from the first network function (10) , wherein the request for the subscription comprises a first indication indicating at least one first protocol a target network function prefers to be used for data delivery from the first network function (10) , wherein the target network function is a network function to receive data from the first network function (10) ;- receiving (S2043) , from the first network function (10) , a response for the subscription, wherein the response for the subscription comprises a second indication indicating a second protocol selected from the at least one first protocol for data delivery from the first network function (10) ;- wherein the second network function (20) is the target network function, the method further comprises: receiving (S205) delivered data from the first network function (10) via the second protocol; or the second network function (20) is an intermediate network function between the first network function (10) and the target network function, the delivered data is sent from the first network function (10) to the target network function via the second protocol.13.The method according to claim 12, wherein the second network function (20) is an intermediate network function, the method further comprises:- receiving (S2041) , from the target network function, the request for the subscription; and- sending (S2044) , to the target network function, the response for the subscription.14.The method according to claim 12 or 13, before sending (S2042) a request for a subscription, further comprising:- receiving (S203) , from a third network function (30) for network repository, a fifth indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery.15.The method according to claim 14, wherein- the fifth indication is included in information for supported features by the first network function (10) ; and / orthe fifth indication is included in protocol support information for the first network function (10) ’s profile.16.The method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the fifth indication is included in a discovery response from the third network function (30) , and before receiving (S203) the fifth indication, the method further comprises:- sending (S202) , to the third network function (30) , a discovery request to discover a network function supporting data delivery via a protocol other than an SBI protocol over HTTP; or- sending (S202) , to the third network function (30) , a discovery request comprising a sixth indication indicating at least one fourth protocol preferred to be supported by a candidate network function to be discovered.17.The method according to claim 12 or 13, before sending (S2042) a request for a subscription, further comprising:- receiving (S203’) , from a fourth network function (40) as a Domain Name System (DNS) server, a seventh indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery.18.The method according to claim 17, wherein- the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery is pre-configured in the DNS server; or- the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery is received by the DNS server from the first network function (10) .19.The method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the seventh indication comprises: for each third protocol, an appendix to a Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) record for the first network function (10) indicating the third protocol.20.The method according to any of claims 12 to 19, wherein the response for the subscription further comprises an eighth indication indicating at least one fifth protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery.21.The method according to any of claims 12 to 20, wherein- for each first protocol, the first indication further indicates information of the target network function used to establish communication for data delivery via the first protocol;- the second indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the second protocol;- for each third protocol, the fifth indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the third protocol;- for each third protocol, the seventh indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the third protocol;- for each fourth protocol, the sixth indication further indicates the information of the target network function used to establish communication for data delivery via the fourth protocol; and / or- for each fifth protocol, the eighth indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the fifth protocol.22.The method according to claim 21, wherein the information of a network function used to establish communication for data delivery via a protocol further comprises:- endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol; and / or- additional protocol information except the endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol.23.The method according to any of claims 12 to 22, wherein the delivered data is identified with an identifier of an identifier of the subscription.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein- the response for the subscription further comprises a subscription identifier, and the identifier of subscription comprises the subscription identifier;- the response for the subscription further comprises a subscription identifier, and the identifier of the subscription comprises the subscription identifier and an address of the target network function for receiving a notification from the first network function (10) ; or- the identifier of the subscription comprises a globally unique correlation identifier of a notification from the first network function (10) .25.The method according to any of claims 12 to 24, wherein- the first network function (10) is a network function service producer;- the second network function (20) is a network function service consumer of the first network function (10) ;- the target network function is a network function service consumer of the first network function (10) or the second network function (20) .26.The method according to any of claims 12 to 24, wherein- the first network function (10) is a user plane function;- the target network function is an application function or a data analysis function and the second network function (20) is a session management function; and / or- the second network function (20) is an application function or a data analysis function.27.A method (200) for network function registration performed by a third network function (30) for network repository, comprising:- receiving (S201) , from a first network function (10) , a third indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery;- saving the third indication for the first network function (10) .28.The method according to claim 27, wherein- the third indication is included in information for supported features by the first network function (10) ; and / or- the third indication is included in protocol support information for the first network function (10) ’s profile.29.The method according to claim 27 or 28, further comprising:- receiving (S202) , from a second network function (20) , a discovery request to discover a network function supporting data delivery via a protocol other than an SBI protocol over HTTP; or- receiving (S202) , from a second network function (20) , a discovery request comprising a sixth indication indicating at least one fourth protocol preferred to be supported by a candidate network function to be discovered; wherein the at least one fourth protocol excludes an SBI protocol over HTTP.30.The method according to claim 29, further comprising:- sending (S203) , to the second network function (20) , a fifth indication indicating the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery.31.The method according to any of claims 27 to 30, wherein- for each third protocol, the third indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the third protocol;- for each third protocol, the fifth indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the third protocol;- for each fourth protocol, the sixth indication further indicates information of a target network function used to establish communication for data delivery via the fourth protocol, wherein the target network function is a network function to receive data from the first network function (10) .32.The method according to claim 31, wherein the information of a network function used to establish communication for data delivery via a protocol comprises:- endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol; and / or- additional protocol information except the endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol.33.The method according to any of claims 27 to 32, wherein- the first network function (10) is a network function service producer;- the second network function (20) is a network function service consumer of the first network function (10) ;- the target network function is a network function service consumer of the first network function (10) or the second network function (20) .34.The method according to any of claims 27 to 32, wherein- the first network function (10) is a user plane function;- the target network function is an application function or a data analysis function and the second network function (20) is a session management function; and / or- the second network function (20) is an application function or a data analysis function.35.A method (200) performed by a fourth network function (40) as a Domain Name System (DNS) server, comprising:- sending (S203’) , to a second network function (20) , a seventh indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by a first network function (10) for data delivery;- wherein the seventh indication comprises: for each third protocol, an appendix added to a Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) record for the first network function (10) to indicate the third protocol.36.The method according to claim 35, for each third protocol, the seventh indication further indicates information of the first network function (10) used to establish communication for data delivery via the third protocol.37.The method according to claim 36, wherein the information of a network function used to establish communication for data delivery via a protocol comprises:- endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol; and / or- additional protocol information except the endpoint information of the network function for data delivery via the protocol.38.The method according to any of claims 35 to 37, wherein- the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) is pre-configured in the fourth network function (40) ; or- before sending (S203’) , to a second network function (20) , a seventh indication indicating at least one third protocol supported by a first network function (10) for data delivery, the method further comprises: receiving (S201’) , from the first network function (10) , a fourth indication indicating the at least one third protocol supported by the first network function (10) for data delivery.39.The method according to any of claims 35 to 38, wherein- the first network function (10) is a network function service producer;- the second network function (20) is a network function service consumer of the first network function (10) .40.The method according to any of claims 35 to 38, wherein- the first network function (10) is a user plane function;- the second network function (20) is a session management function, an application function or a data analysis function.41.A network function, comprising:at least one processor (101) ; andat least one memory (102) , the at least one memory (102) containing instructions executable by the at least one processor (101) , whereby the network function (10) is operative to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 40.42.A communication network (100) , comprising:- a first network function (10) according to any of claims 1 to 11; and- a second function (20) according to any of claims 12 to 26.43.The communication network (100) according to claim 42, further comprising:- a third network function (30) according to any of claims 27 to 34; or- a fourth network function (40) according to any of claims 35 to 40.44.A computer readable storage medium storing thereon instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the claims 1 to 40.45.A computer program product comprising instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of claims 1 to 40.
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