Method and apparatus for supporting terminal device service
Direct delivery of AIoT device NAS messages from AIOTF to NG-RAN in 5G networks addresses inefficiencies in existing solutions, enhancing efficiency and resource management for AIoT services.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/113023
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-07
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
The existing 3GPP Solution #30 for supporting Ambient IoT (AIoT) devices in 5G networks faces inefficiencies due to additional NAS overhead in message transmission over Uu, increased core network transmission costs, and inadequate radio resource management, leading to wasted resources when AIoT service operations fail.
Direct delivery of AIoT device NAS messages from AIOTF to NG-RAN without involving AMF, enabling NG-RAN to perform admission control and optimize radio resource usage.
This approach reduces NAS overhead, saves core network transmission costs, and prevents wastage of radio resources by allowing NG-RAN to manage AIoT traffic efficiently.
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Figure CN2025113023_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING TERMINAL DEVICE SERVICETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the technical field of communications, and specifically to methods and apparatuses for supporting terminal device service.BACKGROUND
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] In communication networks such as fifth generation system (5GS) as defined by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , it may support various terminal devices such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices. For example, the IoT devices may comprise zero-energy (ZE) IoT (ZE-IoT) devices, Passive-IoT device, Ambient power-enabled IoT, or Ambient IoT (AIoT or AIOT) devices, etc. For example, Ambient IoT may support many different use cases such as inventory taking, sensor data collection, asset tracking, actuator control, etc. Ambient IoT devices may be expected to be able to communicate with the network (such as 5GS) .SUMMARY
[0004] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0005] 3GPP Technical report (TR) 23.700-13 V0.4.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes Solution #30: Support AIoT devices using Ambient IoT Function (AIOTF) for Topology 2. Solution #30 proposed to let AIOTF select and determine intermediate user equipment (UE) and deliver the device AIOT Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message within UE NAS message. Next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) is transparent towards the AIoT traffic. There may be some problems for Solution #30.
[0006] Problem 1: the AIOTF needs to include the device message (e.g., AIOT device NAS message) in AIOTF UE NAS message (also called 5GAIOT NAS message) , and then delivers towards the intermediate UE. It may bring an additional NAS overhead in the message transmission over Uu (exists between UE and RAN and may be called air interface) , which is less efficient.
[0007] Problem 2: the message is transferred from AIOTF to Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) and then to intermediate UE via NG-RAN, it may bring extra transmission cost inside core network (CN) .
[0008] Problem 3: NG-RAN does not know whether the NAS message received from CN (e.g. AMF) is a normal NAS message or encapsulating AIoT NAS message, thus cannot perform admission control for the AIoT traffic.
[0009] Problem 4: if an AIoT service operation cannot be performed e.g. due to radio resource reason, NG-RAN may reject the request (e.g. for requesting radio resource (s) between the intermediate UE and the AIoT device) from the intermediate UE. However, in this case, some radio resources have already been used for the NG-RAN to deliver the AIOTF UE NAS message from the AIOTF to the intermediate UE. Therefore it may waste the radio resources.
[0010] To overcome or mitigate at least one of above mentioned problems or other problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure propose an improved solution for supporting terminal device (such as AIOT) service.
[0011] In a first aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a first network node. The method may comprise receiving a first message for a service of a first terminal device from a second network node. The method may comprise sending a second message for the service of the first terminal device to a second terminal device.
[0012] In a second aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a second network node. The method may comprise sending a first message for a service of a first terminal device to a first network node.
[0013] In a third aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a second terminal device. The method may comprise receiving a second message for a service of a first terminal device from a first network node. The method may comprise sending a sixth message to the first terminal device based on the second message.
[0014] In a fourth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a first network node. The first network node may comprise a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Said memory contains instructions executable by said processor. Said first network node is operative to receive a first message for a service of a first terminal device from a second network node. Said first network node is operative to send a second message for the service of the first terminal device to a second terminal device.
[0015] In a fifth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a second network node. The second network node may comprise a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Said memory contains instructions executable by said processor. Said second network node is operative to send a first message for a service of a first terminal device to a first network node.
[0016] In a sixth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a second terminal device. The second terminal device may comprise a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Said memory contains instructions executable by said processor. Said second terminal device is operative to receive a second message for a service of a first terminal device from a first network node. Said second terminal device is operative to send a sixth message to the first terminal device based on the second message.
[0017] In seventh aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer program product comprising instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform any of the methods according to any one of the first, second or third aspect.
[0018] In another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform any of the methods according to any one of the first, second or third aspect.
[0019] Embodiments herein may provide many advantages, of which a non-exhaustive list of examples follows. In some embodiments herein, the proposed solution may enable the device NAS message to be transferred without AIOTF UE NAS message (also called 5GAIOT NAS message) overhead, which is more efficient, especially considering Uu. In some embodiments herein, the device NAS message may be delivered from the AIOTF to NG-RAN directly without involving AMF, which is more efficient considering the signaling transmission within CN. In some embodiments herein, the proposed solution may enable radio resource control in NG-RAN for intermediate UEs, as well as the admission control for AIoT traffic. In some embodiments herein, if an AIoT service operation cannot be performed e.g. due to radio resource reason, NG-RAN may reject the request from the AIOTF, without wasting resources to communicate with intermediate UEs. In some embodiments herein, the proposed solution proposes an enable UE reachability request with a list of UEs, which can simplify the interaction between AIOTF and AMF and improve the efficiency. The embodiments herein are not limited to the features and advantages mentioned above. A person skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The above and other aspects, features, and benefits of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent, by way of example, from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals or letters are used to designate like or equivalent elements. The drawings are illustrated for facilitating better understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure and not necessarily drawn to scale, in which:
[0021] FIG. 1a illustrates an example of Topology 2;
[0022] FIG. 1b illustrates protocol stack for Solution #30 of 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0;
[0023] FIG. 2a illustrates system architecture of supporting AIoT devices using AIOTF for Topology 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 2b illustrates protocol stack for RAN-CN solution using AIOTF for Topology 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIGs. 3a-3g, 4a-4e and 5 show flowcharts of methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an apparatus suitable for practicing some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 7 shows an example of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments;
[0028] FIG. 8 shows a UE in accordance with some embodiments;
[0029] FIG. 9 shows a network node in accordance with some embodiments;
[0030] FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized;
[0031] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of Application Inventory Procedure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0032] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of Command Procedure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled persons in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
[0034] As used herein, the term “network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards such as new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Time Division Multiple Address (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) , Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and other wireless networks. A CDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) , etc. UTRA includes WCDMA and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) . An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) , Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, Ad-hoc network, wireless sensor network, etc. In the following description, the terms “network” and “system” can be used interchangeably. Furthermore, the communications between two devices in the network may be performed according to any suitable communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the communication protocols as defined by a standard organization such as 3GPP. For example, the communication protocols may comprise the first generation (1G) , 2G, 3G, 4G, 4.5G, 5G, 6G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0035] The term “network device” or “network node” or “network function” refers to any suitable function which can be implemented in a network entity (physical or virtual) of a communication network. For example, the network function can be implemented either as a network element on a dedicated hardware, as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualized function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g. on a cloud infrastructure. For example, the 5G system (5GS) may comprise radio access network (RAN) and a plurality of NFs such as Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Charging Function (CHF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Service Function (AUSF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Policy Control Function (PCF) , Application Function (AF) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , User plane Function (UPF) and Network Repository Function (NRF) , service communication proxy (SCP) , network data analytics function (NWDAF) , network slice Selection Function (NSSF) , network slice-Specific Authentication and Authorization Function (NSSAAF) , an Ambient Internet of Things Function (AIOTF) , Unified Data Repository (UDR) , etc. In other embodiments, the network function may comprise different types of NFs for example depending on a specific network. For example, the 4G system (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) ) may include Mobile Management Entity (MME) , home subscriber server (HSS) , PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) , Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) , PGW Control plane (PGW-C) , PGW User plane (PGW-U) , Serving gateway (SGW) , Application Server (AS) , SGW Control plane (SGW-C) , SGW User plane (SGW-U) , E-UTRAN Node B (eNB) , etc. In other embodiments, the network function may comprise different types of NFs for example depending on a specific network.
[0036] The network device may be an access network device with accessing function in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses to the network and receives services therefrom. The access network device may include a base station (BS) , an access point (AP) , a multi-cell / multicast coordination entity (MCE) , a controller or any other suitable device in a wireless communication network. The BS may be, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNodeB or gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node, and so forth.
[0037] Yet further examples of the access network device comprise multi-standard radio (MSR) radio equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, positioning nodes and / or the like. More generally, however, the network node may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and / or operable to enable and / or provide a terminal device access to a wireless communication network or to provide some service to a terminal device that has accessed to the wireless communication network.
[0038] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that can access a communication network and receive services therefrom. By way of example and not limitation, the terminal device refers to a mobile terminal, user equipment (UE) , or other suitable devices. The UE may be, for example, a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , zero-energy (ZE) IoT (ZE-IoT) devices, Passive-IoT device, Ambient power-enabled IoT, or Ambient IoT devices, or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a portable computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and a playback appliance, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, a wearable terminal device, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , a laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, a wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably. As one example, a terminal device may represent a UE configured for communication in accordance with one or more communication standards promulgated by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) , such as 3GPP LTE standard or NR standard. As used herein, a “user equipment” or “UE” may not necessarily have a “user” in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. In some embodiments, a terminal device may be configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a terminal device may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the communication network. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but that may not initially be associated with a specific human user.
[0039] As yet another example, in an IoT scenario, a terminal device may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another terminal device and / or network equipment. The terminal device may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as a machine-type communication (MTC) device. As one particular example, the terminal device may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances, for example refrigerators, televisions, personal wearables such as watches etc. In other scenarios, a terminal device may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0040] References in the specification to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0041] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0042] As used herein unless expressly stated to the contrary, the phrase “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” should be understood to mean any of the following “only A, only B, or both A and B. ” The phrase “A and / or B” should be understood to mean any of the following “only A, only B, or both A and B” .
[0043] As used herein unless expressly stated to the contrary, the phrase “aplurality of” followed by a conjunctive list of enumerated items (e.g., “A and B” , “A, B, and C” ) is intended to mean “multiple items, with each item selected from the list consisting of” the enumerated items. For example, “aplurality of A and B” is intended to mean any of the following: more than one A; more than one B; or at least one A and at least one B.
[0044] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0045] It is noted that these terms as used in this document are used only for ease of description and differentiation among nodes, devices or networks etc. With the development of the technology, other terms with the similar / same meanings may also be used.
[0046] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0047] 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0 “Study on Architecture support of Ambient power-enabled Internet of Thing (Release-19) ” was agreed in 3GPP SA2#163 meeting. Within 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0, the architecture assumptions and requirements, 3 key issues were agreed and included. There are some solutions which are relevant with topology 2 (e.g. solution#30 in the 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0) .
[0048] Topology 2 is defined in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0049] An example of Topology 2 may be base station (BS) <--> intermediate node <-->Ambient IoT Device. A terminal device or UE may act as an intermediate node which may be under the network control.
[0050] FIG. 1a illustrates an example of Topology 2, which is same as Figure 4.2.1.2-1 of 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0.
[0051] In Topology 2, the Ambient IoT device may communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the device and BS. In this topology, the intermediate node may be a relay, IAB node, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of Ambient IoT. The intermediate node may transfer Ambient IoT data and / or signaling between BS and the Ambient IoT device.
[0052] FIG. 1b illustrates protocol stack for Solution #30 of 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0, which is same as Figure 6.30.1.2-1 of 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0.
[0053] In Solution #30, the NG-RAN only triggers Next Generation (NG) setup procedure towards the AMF, but not towards the AIOTF. Since there is no NG connection between AIOTF and RAN, AIOTF delivers the AIOT device NAS message within UE NAS message to AMF which will send it to NG-RAN. NG-RAN is transparent towards the AIoT traffic.
[0054] The problems for Solution #30 may be obvious from FIG. 1b.
[0055] Problem 1: the AIOTF needs to include the device message (e.g., AIOT device NAS message) in AIOTF UE NAS message (also called 5GAIOT NAS message) , and then delivers towards the intermediate UE. It may bring an additional NAS overhead in the message transmission over Uu, which is less efficient.
[0056] Problem 2: the message is transferred from AIOTF to AMF and then to intermediate UE via NG-RAN, it may bring extra transmission cost inside CN.
[0057] Problem 3: NG-RAN does not know whether the NAS message received from CN (e.g. AMF) is a normal NAS message or encapsulating AIoT NAS message, thus cannot perform admission control for the AIoT traffic.
[0058] Problem 4: if an AIoT service operation cannot be performed e.g. due to radio resource reason, NG-RAN can reject the request (e.g. for requesting radio resource between the intermediate UE and the AIoT device) from the intermediate UE. However, in this case, some radio resources have already been used for the NG-RAN to deliver the AIOTF UE NAS message from the AIOTF to the intermediate UE. Therefore it may waste the radio resources.
[0059] To overcome or mitigate at least one of above mentioned problems or other problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure propose an improved solution for supporting terminal device (such as AIOT) service.
[0060] Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in any appropriate type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a communication system complied with the exemplary system architecture illustrated in FIG. 2a. For simplicity, the system architecture of FIG. 2a only depicts some exemplary elements. In practice, a communication system may further include any additional elements suitable to support communication between terminal devices or between a wireless device and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, a service provider, or any other network node or terminal device. The communication system may provide communication and various types of services to one or more terminal devices to facilitate the terminal devices’ access to and / or use of the services provided by, or via, the communication system.
[0061] FIG. 2a illustrates system architecture of supporting AIoT devices using AIOTF for Topology 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0062] The proposed solution may be related to Topology 2, which may work together with Solution #8 addressing Topology 1 of 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0.
[0063] The functional entities defined in Solution #8 of 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0 and 3GPP TS 23.501 V19.0.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, may be reused with the exception for the following additions:
[0064] UDM / UDR: The authorization information of intermediate UE for AIoT is stored in UE subscription data.
[0065] AMF: It may receive AIoT capability information from UE and authorize the intermediate UE based on the subscription data of intermediate UE in UDM / UDR.
[0066] NG-RAN: It may provide spectrum information towards authorized intermediate UE.
[0067] Intermediate UE: It may provide Ambient IoT capability information to AIOTF and receive the authorization information. It may receive the instruction from AIOTF and perform Ambient IoT operations (e.g. inventory, command, etc. ) on the proper spectrum. The radio resource information is received from NG-RAN.
[0068] Ambient IoT Function (AIOTF) : AIOTF may support AIoT services, with some AMF's functionalities integrated, which includes:
[0069] -Inventory handling and device context management.
[0070] -Command delivery.
[0071] -Authentication and authorization for the access, which triggers interaction with AUSF / UDM / UDR.
[0072] -Collecting charging data and interact with CHF for charging.
[0073] -Routing the request from AF (e.g. via NEF) to intermediate UEs, for Device-originated -device-terminated triggered / Device-terminated (DO-DTT / DT) traffic types.
[0074] -Routing the response from intermediate UEs to AF (e.g. via NEF) for DO-DTT traffic type.
[0075] FIG. 2b illustrates protocol stack for RAN-CN solution using AIOTF for Topology 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0076] AIOT device NAS layer: The NAS protocol between AIOTF and AIoT devices.
[0077] AIOT Access Stratum (AS) layer: The AS protocol layers between UE reader and AIoT devices, which may include physical layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, etc.
[0078] Application (App) layer: The application layer protocol between AIoT devices and AF.
[0079] Uu AS layer: it may be on top of the existing Uu AS layer. Radio resource information request may be sent from UE reader to NG-RAN.
[0080] Next Generation Application Protocol (NGAP) : NGAP between AIOTF and NG RAN.
[0081] Lower layer: Lower layer between AIOTF and NG RAN.
[0082] Lower layer: Lower layer between AIOTF and AF.
[0083] Application Programming Interface (API) : API between AIOTF and AF.
[0084] In the proposed protocol stack of FIG. 2b, the NG-RAN may trigger NG setup procedure not only towards the AMF, but also towards the AIOTF. Via the NG connection, the AIOTF may deliver AIoT device NAS messages towards the NG-RAN, as well as receive AIoT device NAS messages from the NG-RAN.
[0085] Comparing with the protocol stack of FIG. 1b, the advantages for the protocol stack of FIG. 2b may be obvious.
[0086] Advantage 1: the AIOTF may not need to include the AIOT device NAS message in AIOTF UE NAS message. The AIOTF may deliver the AIOT device NAS message towards NG-RAN which may send it to the intermediate UE. It may avoid an additional NAS overhead in the message transmission, which is more efficient.
[0087] Advantage 2: the AIOT device NAS message may be transferred from AIOTF to NG-RAN directly and then to intermediate UE via NG-RAN. It may save transmission cost inside CN.
[0088] Advantage 3: Since NG-RAN may receive the AIOT device NAS message from AIOTF directly and know it is the AIOT device NAS message. NG-RAN can perform admission control for the AIoT traffic.
[0089] Advantage 4: if an AIoT service operation cannot be performed e.g. due to radio resource reason, NG-RAN may not transmit the AIOT device NAS message to the intermediate UE.In this case, the radio resources may not be used for the NG-RAN to deliver the AIOT device NAS message to the intermediate UE. Therefore it may save the radio resources.
[0090] The message names in the procedures / methods of the embodiments are descriptive. It is assumed that the names may be updated e.g. with corresponding Service Based Interface (SBI) based names where applicable during the normative phase.
[0091] FIGs. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f and 3g show flowcharts of methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a first network node or communicatively coupled to the first network node. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the methods as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components.
[0092] FIG. 3a shows a flowchart of a method 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0093] At block 302, the first network node may receive a first message for a service of a first terminal device from a second network node.
[0094] At block 304, the first network node may send a second message for the service of the first terminal device to a second terminal device.
[0095] The first network node may be deployed in any suitable network. In an embodiment, the first network node may be deployed in EPS, a 5GS or a 6G system (6GS) as defined by 3GPP. The first network node may be any suitable network device or network node or network function. For example, the first network node may implement radio access network function.
[0096] In an embodiment, the first network node may comprise a radio access network node. For example, the first network node may be same as or similar to the radio access network node (such as NG-RAN node, eNB, gNB) as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TS 23.501 V19.0.0 or 3GPP TS 23.682 V18.0.0.
[0097] The second network node may be deployed in any suitable network. In an embodiment, the second network node may be deployed in EPS, 5GS or 6GS as defined by 3GPP. The second network node may be any suitable network device or network node or network function. For example, the second network node may support terminal device (such as AIoT) service function.
[0098] In an embodiment, the second network node may comprise a standalone AIOTF or an AIOTF co-located with an AMF or an AIOTF integrated in AMF. For example, the second network node may be same as or similar to the AIOTF as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0.
[0099] The first terminal device may be any suitable terminal device such as IoT devices. For example, the IoT devices may comprise ZE-IoT devices, Passive-IoT device, Ambient power-enabled IoT, or Ambient IoT devices, etc. In an embodiment, the first terminal device may comprise an Ambient IoT device. In an embodiment, the Ambient IoT device may comprise the Ambient IoT Device as described in 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0.
[0100] The second terminal device may be any suitable terminal device such as intermediate node. The second terminal device may be a relay, IAB node, Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node, UE, repeater, etc. The second terminal device can transfer Ambient IoT data and / or signaling between the first network node such as BS and the first terminal device such as Ambient IoT device. In an embodiment, the second terminal device may comprise an intermediate user equipment. For example, the intermediate user equipment may be same as or similar to the intermediate user equipment or intermediate node as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0, 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0, etc.
[0101] The service of the first terminal device may comprise any suitable service. For example, the service of the first terminal device may comprise any suitable service related to Ambient IoT use case (s) as described in 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0 and 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0.
[0102] The first message and the second message may be any suitable message such as existing message or new message. In an embodiment, the first message and the second message may comprise at least one of an inventory request, or a command request. For example, the inventory request may be used for discovering one or more first terminal devices (e.g. AIoT devices) in a specific area via the second terminal device (e.g. Intermediate UEs) . The command request may be used for requesting one or more specific first terminal devices or a group of first terminal devices in an area to execute the command. The command may be any suitable command such as read, write, enable, disable, or execution request. In an embodiment, the inventory request and the command request may be similar to those as described in 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0.
[0103] In an embodiment, the first message and the second message may comprise different parameters or information. For example, the first message may comprise some parameter (s) which can be used by the first network node to implement various purposes. Some parameter (s) in the first message may not be comprised in the second message. Some new parameter (s) (such as radio resource information) may be added in the second message. For example, a candidate list of second terminal devices may be comprised in the first message to let the first network node to page and select intermediate second terminal device (s) within the candidate list.
[0104] FIG. 3b shows a flowchart of a method 310 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0105] At block 312, the first network node may establish a connection between the first network node and the second network node. In an embodiment, the first message may be received from the second network node directly via the connection. Block 312 may be performed before block 302.
[0106] For example, the first network node such as NG-RAN may trigger NG setup procedure not only towards the AMF, but also towards the AIOTF. Via the NG connection, the AIOTF may deliver AIoT device NAS messages towards the NG-RAN, as well as receive AIoT device NAS messages from the NG-RAN. For example, the NG setup procedure may be similar to NG setup as described in 3GPP TS 38.413 V18.2.0.
[0107] FIG. 3c shows a flowchart of a method 320 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0108] At block 322, optionally, the first network node may check whether the first message can be performed.
[0109] The first network node may check whether the first message can be performed in various ways and the present disclosure has no limit on it. For example, the first network node may check whether there are enough radio resources to transmit the second message. The first network node may check whether there are enough radio resource for the service operation between the first terminal device and the second terminal device. The first network node may check whether there is an available second terminal device (s) for the service operation between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.
[0110] Based on the checking result, the first network node may perform any suitable operation. For example, if the first message can be performed, the first network node may determine radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, generate the second message based on the first message and transmit the second message to the second terminal device. If the first message cannot be performed, the first network node may send a message comprising a failure reason to the second network node.
[0111] At block 324, optionally, the first network node may determine radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.
[0112] In an embodiment, the first message (e.g. inventory request) may comprise at least one of a candidate list of second terminal devices, area information, device information of the first terminal device, a transaction identifier (ID) , an inventory strategy, or information indicating whether an application node requests location information of the first terminal device. For example, an inventory procedure may be initiated by the AF to discover one or more AIoT devices in a specific area via intermediate UEs. For example, the second network node such as AIOTF may allocate a transaction ID for the inventory, which may be unique per inventory.
[0113] In an embodiment, the second message (e.g. inventory request) may comprise at least one of information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, the device information of the first terminal device, area information, the transaction identifier, the inventory strategy, or the information indicating whether an application node requests location information of the first terminal device.
[0114] The candidate list of second terminal devices may comprise second terminal devices in Radio Resource Control (RRC) INACTIVE states and RRC CONNECTED states. RRC INACTIVE state and RRC CONNECTED state are described in 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.2.0. If the candidate list is provided by the second network node such as AIOTF, the first network node such as NG-RAN may select intermediate second terminal device (s) within the candidate list. Otherwise, the first network node such as NG-RAN may select intermediate second terminal device (s) among the authorized intermediate second terminal devices.
[0115] The area information may be used to indicate the area the service operation will be applied. The area information could be any suitable area information such as geographic area.
[0116] The device information of the first terminal device may be any suitable device information such as device ID, device group ID, security material, and / or device type.
[0117] The inventory strategy information may contain, e.g. the inventory frequency and inventory period to guide the second terminal device (such as readers) to perform the inventory e.g. periodically. It may also indicate whether all the targeted devices need to respond (full inventory) , or only those who haven't performed the inventory procedure identified by the transaction identifier (delta inventory) should respond.
[0118] FIG. 3d shows a flowchart of a method 330 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0119] At block 332, the first network node may determine whether there is at least one second terminal device in the candidate list which is in RRC INACTIVE state.
[0120] For example, the first network node may maintain the contexts for the second terminal devices in RRC INACTIVE states and RRC CONNECTED states and may determine which second terminal devices in the candidate list are in RRC INACTIVE states.
[0121] At block 334, the first network node may page the at least one second terminal device if there is the at least one second terminal device in RRC INACTIVE state. For example, the first network node may page the at least one second terminal device in RRC INACTIVE state according to various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP 23.502 V19.0.0. If all second terminal devices in the candidate list are in RRC CONNECTED state, block 334 may be omitted.
[0122] At block 336, the first network node may select one or more second terminal devices in the candidate list which are in RRC CONNECTED states. For example, after paging the at least one second terminal device in RRC INACTIVE state, the first network node may know which second terminal device can be paged back and know which second terminal devices in the candidate list are in RRC CONNECTED states. The first network node may select one or more second terminal devices in the candidate list which are in RRC CONNECTED states to send the second message to the selected one or more second terminal devices.
[0123] FIG. 3e shows a flowchart of a method 340 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0124] At block 342, if the first message does not comprise the candidate list, the first network node may select at least one second terminal device from at least one authorized second terminal device. For example, the first network node may maintain or obtain the information of authorized second terminal devices and page the authorized second terminal devices in RRC INACTIVE states. The first network node may select at least one second terminal device from the authorized second terminal devices which are in RRC CONNECTED state to send the second message to the selected at least one second network node.
[0125] In an embodiment, the first message (e.g. command request) may comprise at least one of a list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device, device information of the first terminal device, area information, a command, or a transaction identifier. In an embodiment, the first terminal device has been registered in a second network node.
[0126] For example, in the inventory procedure as described as described in clause 6.30.2.3 of 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0 or according to below embodiment of the present disclosure, the AIOTF may register with the data management node for the device access. The data management node may comprise any suitable data management node such as UDM / UDR. The second network node such as AIOTF may get the registered devices, based on the device information from an application node such as AF. If the second network node such as AIOTF can get the registered devices matching the device information, the first terminal device may be a registered device.
[0127] For example, a command procedure may be initiated by the second network node e.g. AF to request one or more specific first terminal devices e.g. AIoT devices or a group of first terminal devices e.g. AIoT devices in an area to execute the command. The command may be any suitable command such as read, write, enable, disable, or execution request. The command result from the AIoT devices may or may not be required.
[0128] In an embodiment, the second message (e.g. command request) may comprise at least one of information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, the device information of the first terminal device, area information, the command, or the transaction identifier. In an embodiment, the first terminal device has been registered in a second network node.
[0129] FIG. 3f shows a flowchart of a method 350 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0130] At block 352, the first network node may determine whether there is at least one second terminal device in the list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device which is in RRC INACTIVE state. For example, the first network node may maintain the contexts for the second terminal devices in RRC INACTIVE states and RRC CONNECTED states and may determine which second terminal devices in the candidate list are in RRC INACTIVE states.
[0131] At block 354, the first network node may page the at least one second terminal device in RRC INACTIVE state if there is the at least one second terminal device in the list which is in RRC INACTIVE state. For example, the first network node may page the at least one second terminal device in RRC INACTIVE state according to various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.2.0 and 3GPP 23.502 V19.0.0. If all second terminal devices in the list are in RRC CONNECTED state, block 354 may be omitted.
[0132] At block 356, optionally, the first network node may select one or more second terminal devices in the list which are in RRC CONNECTED states. For example, after paging the at least one second terminal device in RRC INACTIVE state, the first network node may know which second terminal device can be paged back and know which second terminal devices in the list are in RRC CONNECTED states. The first network node may select one or more second terminal devices in the list which are in RRC CONNECTED states to send the second message to the selected one or more second terminal devices.
[0133] In an embodiment, the first message (e.g. command request) may comprise at least one of a list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device, area information, device information of the first terminal device, a transaction identifier, or a command. In an embodiment, the first terminal device has responded an inventory request but is not registered in a second network node.
[0134] For example, in the inventory procedure as described as described in clause 6.30.2.3 of 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0 or according to below embodiment of the present disclosure, the AIOTF may register with the data management node for the device access. The data management node may comprise any suitable data management node such as UDM / UDR. The second network node such as AIOTF may get the registered devices, based on the device information from an application node such as AF. If the second network node such as AIOTF cannot get the registered devices matching the device information, the first terminal device may be a unregistered device. For the unregistered device (s) , the second network node such as AIOTF may initiate inventory procedure as steps 2 -14 in FIG. 11 (steps 12 -13 may be skipped, if the first terminal device is not able to persistent received information) . The first terminal device may respond the inventory request but is not registered in a second network node.
[0135] In an embodiment, the second message (e.g. command request) may comprise at least one of information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, the area information, device information of the first terminal device, a transaction identifier, or the command. In an embodiment, the first terminal device has responded an inventory request but is not registered in a second network node.
[0136] FIG. 3g shows a flowchart of a method 360 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0137] At block 362, the first network node may receive a third message for the service of the first terminal device from the second terminal device.
[0138] At block 364, the first network node may send a fourth message to the second network node directly via a connection between the first network node and the second network node based on the third message.
[0139] The third message and the fourth message may be any suitable message such as existing message or new message. In an embodiment, the third message and the fourth message may comprise at least one of an inventory response, a command response, or a notification message. For example, the inventory response, the command response, or the notification message may be similar to those as described in 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0.
[0140] FIGs. 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and 4e show flowcharts of methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a second network node or communicatively coupled to the second network node. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the methods as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components. For some parts which have been described in the above embodiments, the description thereof is omitted here for brevity.
[0141] FIG. 4a shows a flowchart of a method 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0142] At block 402, the second network node may send a first message for a service of a first terminal device to a first network node.
[0143] For example, the second network node may send the first message in response to a reception of a message (such as an inventory request or a command request) for the service of the first terminal device from a network exposure node (such as NEF) or an application node (such as AF) . For example, as described in 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0, the application inventory procedure may be initiated by the AF to discover one or more AIoT devices in a specific area. The command procedure may be initiated by the AF to request one or more specific AIoT devices or a group of AIoT devices in an area to execute the command. The command can be read, write, enable, disable, or execution request from the AF. The command result from the devices may or may not be required.
[0144] FIG. 4b shows a flowchart of a method 410 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0145] At block 412, the second network node may establish a connection between the first network node and the second network node. In an embodiment, the first message may be sent to the first network node directly via the connection. For example, block 412 may be performed before block 402.
[0146] The first network node such as NG-RAN may trigger NG setup procedure towards the AIOTF. Alternatively the second network node such as AIOTF may trigger NG setup procedure towards the NG-RAN. Via the NG connection, the AIOTF may deliver AIoT device NAS messages towards the NG-RAN, as well as receive AIoT device NAS messages from the NG-RAN. For example, the NG setup procedure may be similar to NG setup as described in 3GPP TS 38.413 V18.2.0.
[0147] FIG. 4c shows a flowchart of a method 420 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0148] At block 422, the second network node may generate a list of second terminal devices in an intended area or serving the first terminal device if the first network node is able to release a second terminal device to RRC IDLE state. RRC IDLE state is described in 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.2.0. The intended area may be indicated by an application node such as AF.
[0149] For example, if the first message is an inventory request, the second network node may generate a list of second terminal devices in the intended area. If the first message is a command request, the second network node may generate a list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device.
[0150] At block 424, the second network node may send a request to an access and mobility management node to page at least one second terminal device in the list.
[0151] The access and mobility management node may be any suitable network node which can implement access and mobility management function. For example, the access and mobility management such as AMF may check the Connection Management (CM) states of second terminal devices in the list, and trigger paging towards the NG-RAN (s) for those second terminal devices in CM-IDLE states. The access and mobility management node such as AMF may send a paging result indicating CM states of second terminal devices in the list to the second network node.
[0152] At block 426, the second network node may generate a candidate list of second terminal devices by removing second terminal devices which cannot be paged back from the list.
[0153] FIG. 4d shows a flowchart of a method 430 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0154] At block 432, the second network node may discover the first network node based on an intended area. The intended area may be indicated by an application node such as AF. The second network node may discover the first network node in various ways. For example, the second network node may discover the first network node by itself if it stores location information of the first network node. Alternatively the second network node may send a request to a network node such as NRF to discover the first network node.
[0155] In an embodiment, the first message (e.g. inventory request) may comprise at least one of a candidate list of second terminal devices, area information, device information of the first terminal device, a transaction identifier, an inventory strategy, or information indicating whether an application node requests location information of the first terminal device.
[0156] In an embodiment, the first message (e.g. command request) may comprise at least one of a list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device, area information, device information of the first terminal device, a command, or a transaction identifier. In an embodiment, the first terminal device has been registered in a second network node.
[0157] In an embodiment, the first message (e.g. command request) may comprise at least one of a list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device, area information, device information of the first terminal device, a transaction identifier, or a command. In an embodiment, the first terminal device has responded an inventory request but is not registered in a second network node.
[0158] In an embodiment, the first message may comprise at least one of an inventory request, or a command request.
[0159] FIG. 4e shows a flowchart of a method 440 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0160] At block 442, the second network node may receive a fourth message for the service of the first terminal device from the first network node directly via a connection between the first network node and the second network node.
[0161] The fourth message may be any suitable message such as existing message or new message. In an embodiment, the fourth message may comprise at least one of an inventory response, a command response, or a notification message.
[0162] In an embodiment, the first network node may comprise a radio access network node. The second network node may comprise an Ambient Internet of Things Function (AIOTF) or an AIOTF co-located with an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) or an AIOTF integrated in AMF. The first terminal device may comprise an Ambient Internet of Things device. The second terminal device may comprise an intermediate user equipment.
[0163] FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of a method 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a second terminal device or communicatively coupled to the second terminal device. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the methods as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components. For some parts which have been described in the above embodiments, the description thereof is omitted here for brevity.
[0164] At block 502, the second terminal device may receive a second message for a service of a first terminal device from a first network node.
[0165] At block 504, the second terminal device may send a sixth message to the first terminal device based on the second message.
[0166] The sixth message may be any suitable message such as existing message or new message. In an embodiment, the sixth message may comprise at least one of an inventory request, or a command request. For example, the inventory request and the command request may be similar to those as described in 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0.
[0167] For example, the second terminal device such as intermediate UE may initiate inventory based on device information as well as the inventory strategy information provided by the AF. The second terminal device such as intermediate UE may provide reader identity information to enable the AIoT devices to understand they are read by which the second terminal device. Considering the mobility of the second terminal device, the reader identity information may be a combination of a UE ID and the location information or the RAN ID that serves the second terminal device.
[0168] For example, the second terminal device such as intermediate UE may initiate command delivery to transfer the AIOT device NAS request messages based on CN allocated device IDs of the registered devices, using dedicated signaling. Transaction ID may be included.
[0169] For example, the second terminal device such as intermediate UE may initiate command delivery for the AIOT Device NAS request message to the first terminal device has responded an inventory request but is not registered in a second network node.
[0170] At block 506, optionally, the second terminal device may receive a fifth message from the first terminal device.
[0171] The fifth message may be any suitable message such as existing message or new message. In an embodiment, the fifth message may comprise at least one of an inventory result or a command result. For example, the inventory result and the command result may be similar to those as described in 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0.
[0172] For example, the first terminal device such as AIoT device may report the device ID in an AIOT device NAS message to the second terminal device such as intermediate UE. If the inventory procedure indicates delta inventory only, and the AIoT device has performed the inventory procedure towards this UE reader in the same location or served by the same reader (e.g, the same RAN node or the same intermediate UE) , it should skip the reporting. The device capability index may be provided by AIoT device optionally.
[0173] For example, the first terminal device such as AIoT device may execute the command, creates an AIOT device NAS response message containing the command result and deliver the AIOT device NAS response message to the intermediate UE, if the result needs to be sent back. The application specific result may be included in an application layer container
[0174] At block 508, optionally, the second terminal device may send a third message to the first network node based on the fifth message.
[0175] In an embodiment, the second message may comprise at least one of information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, the area information, device information of the first terminal device, the transaction identifier, the inventory strategy, or the information indicating whether an application node requests location information of the first terminal device.
[0176] In an embodiment, the second message may comprise at least one of information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, the area information, device information of the first terminal device, the command, or the transaction identifier. In an embodiment, the first terminal device has been registered in a second network node.
[0177] In an embodiment, the second message may comprise at least one of information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, the area information, device information of the first terminal device, a transaction identifier, or the command. In an embodiment, the first terminal device has responded an inventory request but is not registered in a second network node.
[0178] In an embodiment, the second message may comprise at least one of an inventory request, or a command request.
[0179] In an embodiment, the third message and the fourth message may comprise at least one of an inventory response, a command response, or a notification message.
[0180] In an embodiment, the first network node may comprise a radio access network node. The second network node may comprise an Ambient Internet of Things Function (AIOTF) or an AIOTF co-located with an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) or an AIOTF integrated in AMF. The first terminal device may comprise an Ambient Internet of Things device. The second terminal device may comprise an intermediate user equipment.
[0181] In an embodiment, NG-RAN may establish NGAP association with AIOTF, besides the NGAP association with AMF.
[0182] In an embodiment, UE may trigger authorization for AIoT service towards CN. CN may inform NG-RAN if the UE is capable and authorized to work as intermediate UE.
[0183] In an embodiment, AIOTF may keep track of authorized intermediate UEs.
[0184] In an embodiment, AF may send AIoT request to NEF. NEF may select AIOTF based on intended area and sends to AIOTF.
[0185] In an embodiment, AIOTF may send an enable UE reachability request to AMF to page intermediate UEs (UE list) in the intended area. AMF may send a paging request towards NG-RAN with a list of UEs in CM-IDLE state.
[0186] In an embodiment, AIOTF may send AIoT request (inventory / command) containing device NAS message to NG-RAN.
[0187] In an embodiment, NG-RAN may perform RAN paging for RRC INACTIVE UEs, and determines intermediate UEs which are in RRC CONNECTED states. NG-RAN may determine radio resources for the communication between intermediate UE and AIOT devices. NG-RAN may send AIoT request (inventory / command) containing device NAS message to intermediate UEs.
[0188] In an embodiment, intermediate UE may trigger inventory / command towards AIOT devices. AIOT devices may create device NAS message and respond to intermediate UE.
[0189] In an embodiment, intermediate UE may send AIoT response to NG-RAN containing the device NAS message. NG-RAN may send AIOTF response to AIOTF containing the device NAS message.
[0190] Embodiments herein may provide many advantages, of which a non-exhaustive list of examples follows. In some embodiments herein, the proposed solution may enable the device NAS message to be transferred without AIOTF UE NAS message (also called 5GAIOT NAS message) overhead, which is more efficient, especially considering Uu. In some embodiments herein, the device NAS message may be delivered from the AIOTF to NG-RAN directly without involving AMF, which is more efficient considering the signaling transmission within CN. In some embodiments herein, the proposed solution may enable radio resource control in NG-RAN for intermediate UEs, as well as the admission control for AIoT traffic. In some embodiments herein, if an AIoT service operation cannot be performed e.g. due to radio resource reason, NG-RAN may reject the request from the AIOTF, without wasting resources to communicate with intermediate UEs. In some embodiments herein, the proposed solution proposes an enable UE reachability request with a list of UEs, which can simplify the interaction between AIOTF and AMF and improve the efficiency. The embodiments herein are not limited to the features and advantages mentioned above. A person skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description.
[0191] FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an apparatus suitable for practicing some embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the first network node, the second network node, or the second terminal device described above may be implemented as or through the apparatus 600.
[0192] The apparatus 600 comprises at least one processor 621, such as a digital processor (DP) , and at least one memory (MEM) 622 coupled to the processor 621. The apparatus 600 may comprise a transmitter TX and receiver RX 623 coupled to the processor 621. The MEM 622 stores a program (PROG) 624. The PROG 624 may include instructions that, when executed on the associated processor 621, enable the apparatus 600 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. A combination of the at least one processor 621 and the at least one MEM 622 may form processing means 625 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0193] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by computer program executable by one or more of the processor 621, software, firmware, hardware or in a combination thereof.
[0194] The MEM 622 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memories and removable memories, as non-limiting examples.
[0195] The processor 621 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
[0196] In an embodiment where the apparatus is implemented as or at the first network node, the memory 622 contains instructions executable by the processor 621, whereby the first network node operates according to any of the methods performed by the first network node as described above.
[0197] In an embodiment where the apparatus is implemented as or at the second network node, the memory 622 contains instructions executable by the processor 621, whereby the second network node operates according to any of the methods performed by the second network node as described above.
[0198] In an embodiment where the apparatus is implemented as or at the second terminal device, the memory 622 contains instructions executable by the processor 621, whereby the second terminal device operates according to any of the methods performed by the second terminal device as described above.
[0199] With function units, the first network node, the second network node, or the second terminal device may not need a fixed processor or memory, any computing resource and storage resource may be arranged from the first network node, the second network node or the second terminal device in the communication system. The introduction of virtualization technology and network computing technology may improve the usage efficiency of the network resources and the flexibility of the network.
[0200] Further, the exemplary overall commutation system including the terminal device (e.g. the first terminal device or the second terminal device) and the network node (such as the first network node or the second network node) will be introduced as below.
[0201] FIG. 7 shows an example of a communication system 9100 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0202] In the example, the communication system 9100 includes a telecommunication network 9102 that includes an access network 9104, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network 9106, which includes one or more core network nodes 9108. The access network 9104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 9110a and 9110b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 9110) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points. Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network 9102 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network 9102 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network 9102, including one or more network nodes 9110 and / or core network nodes 9108.
[0203] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies. The network nodes 9110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs 9112a, 9112b, 9112c, and 9112d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 9112) to the core network 9106 over one or more wireless connections.
[0204] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 9100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 9100 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0205] The UEs 9112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 9110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 9110 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 9112 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 9102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 9102.
[0206] In the depicted example, the core network 9106 connects the network nodes 9110 to one or more host computing systems, such as host 9116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 9106 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 9108) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 9108. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0207] The host 9116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 9104 and / or the telecommunication network 9102. The host 9116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0208] As a whole, the communication system 9100 of FIG. 7 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0209] In some examples, the telecommunication network 9102 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 9102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 9102. For example, the telecommunications network 9102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0210] In some examples, the UEs 9112 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 9104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 9104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0211] In the example, the hub 9114 communicates with the access network 9104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 9112c and / or 9112d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 9110b) . In some examples, the hub 9114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 9114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 9106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 9114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 9110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 9114. As another example, the hub 9114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 9114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR device, display, loudspeaker, or other media delivery device, the hub 9114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 9114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 9114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0212] The hub 9114 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 9110b. The hub 9114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 9114 and UEs (e.g., UE 9112c and / or 9112d) , and between the hub 9114 and the core network 9106. In other examples, the hub 9114 is connected to the core network 9106 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 9114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 9104 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 9110 while still connected via the hub 9114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 9114 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 9110b. In other embodiments, the hub 9114 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 9110b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0213] FIG. 8 shows a UE 1000 in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 1000 presents additional details of some embodiments of the UE 9112 of FIG. 7. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage / playback device, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , an Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0214] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0215] The UE 1000 includes processing circuitry 1002 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1004 to an input / output interface 1006, a power source 1008, a memory 1010, a communication interface 1012, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in FIG. 8. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0216] The processing circuitry 1002 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 1010. The processing circuitry 1002 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 1002 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0217] In the example, the input / output interface 1006 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 1000. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0218] In some embodiments, the power source 1008 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source 1008 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 1008 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 1000 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 1008. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 1008 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 1000 to which power is supplied.
[0219] The memory 1010 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 1010 includes one or more application programs 1014, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 1016. The memory 1010 may store, for use by the UE 1000, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0220] The memory 1010 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory 1010 may allow the UE 1000 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 1010, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0221] The processing circuitry 1002 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 1012. The communication interface 1012 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 1022. The communication interface 1012 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1018 and / or a receiver 1020 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter 1018 and receiver 1020 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1022) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0222] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 1012 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0223] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 1012, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0224] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0225] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE 1000 shown in FIG. 8.
[0226] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0227] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0228] FIG. 9 shows a network node 1100 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0229] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0230] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0231] The network node 1100 includes a processing circuitry 1102, a memory 1104, a communication interface 1106, and a power source 1108. The network node 1100 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 1100 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 1100 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 1104 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 1110 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node 1100 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1100, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1100.
[0232] The processing circuitry 1102 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 1100 components, such as the memory 1104, to provide network node 1100 functionality.
[0233] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1102 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1102 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1112 and baseband processing circuitry 1114. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1112 and the baseband processing circuitry 1114 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1112 and baseband processing circuitry 1114 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0234] The memory 1104 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 1102. The memory 1104 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1102 and utilized by the network node 1100. The memory 1104 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1102 and / or any data received via the communication interface 1106. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1102 and memory 1104 is integrated.
[0235] The communication interface 1106 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 1106 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) 1116 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 1106 also includes radio front-end circuitry 1118 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 1110. Radio front-end circuitry 1118 comprises filters 1120 and amplifiers 1122. The radio front-end circuitry 1118 may be connected to an antenna 1110 and processing circuitry 1102. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1110 and processing circuitry 1102. The radio front-end circuitry 1118 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 1118 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1120 and / or amplifiers 1122. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 1110. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 1110 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 1118. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 1102. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0236] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 1100 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 1118, instead, the processing circuitry 1102 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1110. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1112 is part of the communication interface 1106. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 1106 includes one or more ports or terminals 1116, the radio front-end circuitry 1118, and the RF transceiver circuitry 1112, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface 1106 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 1114, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0237] The antenna 1110 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 1110 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 1118 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 1110 is separate from the network node 1100 and connectable to the network node 1100 through an interface or port.
[0238] The antenna 1110, communication interface 1106, and / or the processing circuitry 1102 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 1110, the communication interface 1106, and / or the processing circuitry 1102 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0239] The power source 1108 provides power to the various components of network node 1100 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source 1108 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 1100 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 1100 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 1108. As a further example, the power source 1108 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0240] Embodiments of the network node 1100 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIG. 9 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1100 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 1100 and to allow output of information from the network node 1100. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 1100. In some embodiments providing a core network node, such as core network node 9108 of FIG. 7, some components, such as the radio front-end circuitry 1118 and the RF transceiver circuitry 1112 may be omitted.
[0241] FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1200 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1200 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 1200 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface. Virtualization may facilitate distributed implementations of a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
[0242] Applications 1202 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
[0243] Hardware 1204 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1206 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs 1208a and 1208b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1208) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 1206 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 1208.
[0244] The VMs 1208 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1206. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1202 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 1208, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0245] In the context of NFV, a VM 1208 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 1208, and that part of hardware 1204 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 1208 on top of the hardware 1204 and corresponds to the application 1202.
[0246] Hardware 1204 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 1204 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1204 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1210, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 1202. In some embodiments, hardware 1204 is coupled to one or more radio units that each includes one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1212 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0247] Although the devices described herein may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0248] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0249] The term unit or module may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and / or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and / or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and / or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and / or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.
[0250] According to an aspect of the disclosure it is provided a computer program product being tangibly stored on a computer readable storage medium and including instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods as described above.
[0251] According to an aspect of the disclosure it is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods as described above.
[0252] In addition, the present disclosure may also provide a carrier containing the computer program as mentioned above, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, an optical compact disk or an electronic memory device like a RAM (random access memory) , a ROM (read only memory) , Flash memory, magnetic tape, CD-ROM, DVD, Blue-ray disc and the like.
[0253] The techniques described herein may be implemented by various means so that an apparatus implementing one or more functions of a corresponding apparatus described with an embodiment comprises not only prior art means, but also means for implementing the one or more functions of the corresponding apparatus described with the embodiment and it may comprise separate means for each separate function, or means that may be configured to perform two or more functions. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware (one or more apparatuses) , firmware (one or more apparatuses) , software (one or more modules) , or combinations thereof. For a firmware or software, implementation may be made through modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
[0254] Exemplary embodiments herein have been described above with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods and apparatuses. It will be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by various means including computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[0255] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the subject matter described herein, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0256] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any implementation or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular implementations. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.
[0257] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The above described embodiments are given for describing rather than limiting the disclosure, and it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as those skilled in the art readily understand. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of the disclosure and the appended claims. The protection scope of the disclosure is defined by the accompanying claims.
[0258] The abbreviations given in 3GPP TR 21.905 V18.0.0 may apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document may take precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 V18.0.0.
[0259] In an embodiment, the following solution of harmonized RAN-CN solution using AIOTF for Topology 2 may be added in 3GPP TR 23.700-13 v0.4.0. Some content may be omitted which can be found in 3GPP TR 23.700-13 v0.4.0. 1. Introduction Ambient IoT devices are IoT devices powered by energy harvesting, being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (e.g. using a capacitor) . It can have, e.g., lower complexity, smaller size, reduced capabilities and lower power consumption than previously defined 3GPP IoT devices. The data rate of Ambient IoT devices is usually low. It proposes a solution using AIOTF for topology 2 with harmonized RAN-CN architecture. In this solution, AIOTF delivers device NAS message as non-UE associated signalling towards NG-RAN and NG-RAN forwards to intermediate UEs, instead of including device NAS message inside UE NAS message. As solution#30, the device NAS layer is also maintained between AIOTF and AIoT device. However, in this solution, the device NAS message is delivered from AIOTF to NG-RAN over NGAP, and from NG-RAN to intermediate UE over Uu AS layer, instead of the over UE AIOT NAS layer in solution#30. 2. Proposal It is proposed to agree the following changes to 3GPP TR 23.700-13 v0.4.0: 6.0 Mapping of Solutions to Key Issues Table 6.0-1: Mapping of Solutions to Key Issues 6.X Solution #X: Harmonized RAN-CN solution using AIOTF for Topology 2 6.X. 1 Description This solution proposes a complementary solution to Solution #8. It enables the support of Ambient IoT devices for topology 2 with harmonized RAN-CN architecture, which addresses KI#1, KI#2 and KI#3. Together with Solution #8 which focuses on Topology 1, the solutions can support AIoT devices for both Topologies. In this solution, NG-RAN performs NG Setup towards AIOTF besides AMF. AIOTF is responsible for generating the device NAS message and delivering as non-UE associated signaling towards NG-RAN. It is NG-RAN who is in charge of the intermediate UE for the Ambient IoT operations, including selecting intermediate UEs (optionally based on the candidate UE list form the AIOTF) , sending operation commands towards intermediate UEs and forwards the results from intermediate UEs towards the AIOTF. As the licensed spectrum is owned by MNO, it is proposed to let NG-RAN provide the radio resource information towards the intermediate UEs about the spectrum information for the over-the-air interface between intermediate UEs and AIoT devices. 6.X. 1.1 Reference Architecture FIG. 2a illustrates the architecture for harmonized RAN-CN solution using AIOTF for topology 2. This solution focuses on Topology 2, which works together with Solution #8 addressing Topology 1. The functional entities defined in Solution #8 and TS 23.501 [4] are reused with the differences: -AIOTF: Distribute AIoT device NAS messages to NG-RAN. -NG-RAN: Determine intermediate UEs, allocate radio resources for communication between intermediate UEs and AIoT devices, forwards device NAS messages to intermediate UEs, and forwards the response to AIOTF. 6.X. 1.2 Protocol Stack FIG. 2b illustrates the protocol stack: As solution #8, within the protocol stack: -AIOT device NAS layer: The NAS protocol between AIOTF and AIoT devices. -AIOT AS layer: The AS protocol layers between UE reader and AIoT devices, including physical layer, MAC layer, etc. -App layer: The application layer protocol between AIoT devices and AF. In NG-RAN, the AIoT service operation information received in NGAP will be mirrored to Uu AS layer. 6.X. 2 Procedures NOTE: The message names in the procedures below are descriptive. It is assumed that the names are updated with corresponding SBI based names where applicable during the normative phase. 6.X. 2.1 NG Setup The NG-RAN triggers NG Setup procedure not only towards the AMF, but also towards the AIOTF. Via the NG connection, the AIOTF delivers AIoT device NAS messages towards the NG-RAN, as well as receives AIoT device NAS messages from the NG-RAN. 6.X. 2.2 AIoT Service Authorization for intermediate UE The procedures for AIoT service authorization for intermediate UEs are the same as described in clause 6.30.2.1 in solution #30. To ensure the intermediate UE is reachable when performing AIOT service operations: -The NG-RAN does not release the authorized Intermediate UEs to RRC_IDLE state (UEs can be released to RRC_INACTIVE when needed) , or -The NG-RAN may release the authorized Intermediate UEs to RRC_IDLE state. And in this case, the Intermediate UEs need to be paged back by CN before the AIoT service operation. 6.X. 2.3 AIOTF Keep Track of intermediate UE The procedures to enable AIOTF to keep track of Intermediate UEs are the same as described in clause 6.30.2.2 in solution #30. 6.X. 2.4 Application Inventory The inventory procedure can be initiated by the AF to discover one or more AIoT devices in a specific area via intermediate UEs. FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of Application Inventory Procedure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 1. AF sends Inventory Request to the AIOTF, which is the same as step 1 -4 in Figure 6.8.2.1-1 in Solution #8 of 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0. 2. The AIOTF may generate the candidate UE list inside the intended area, if the NG-RAN may release the intermediate UEs to RRC_IDLE state. 3. The AIOTF sends enable UE reachability request with the UE list towards the AMF to page the intermediate UEs inside the intended area. The AMF checks the CM states of those intermediate UEs, and triggers paging towards the NG-RAN (s) for those UEs in CM-IDLE state. 4. The AIOTF discovers NG-RANs based on the intended area and sends Inventory Request towards the NG-RAN with the optional candidate UE list, area info, device info, inventory strategy and location required. The IDLE UEs which cannot be paged back are removed from candidate UE list generated in step 2. 5. The NG-RAN checks whether the inventory request can be performed. The NG-RAN triggers RAN paging for the intermediate UEs in RRC_INACTIVE state and then selects intermediate UEs. If candidate UE list is provided by the AIOTF, the NG-RAN should select intermediate UEs within the candidate UE list. Otherwise, the NG-RAN can select among the authorized intermediate UEs. 6. The NG-RAN determines radio resource for the AIoT service operation between the intermediate UEs and AIoT devices, and sends inventory request towards determined intermediate UEs, together with the determined radio resources. NOTE 1: It’s up to RAN2 to determine the Uu AS layer impacts for inventory request delivery. 7. The Intermediate UE initiates inventory based on device information as well as the inventory strategy information provided by the AF. The Intermediate UE may provide reader identity information to enable the AIoT devices to understand they are read by which Intermediate UE. Considering the mobility of the Intermediate UE, the reader identity information can be a combination of a UE ID and the location information or the RAN ID that serves the Intermediate UE. 8. The AIoT Device reports the device ID in an AIOT device NAS message to the Intermediate UE. If the Inventory procedure indicates delta inventory only, and the AIoT Device has performed the inventory procedure towards this UE reader in the same location or served by the same RAN node, it should skip the reporting. The device capability index can be provided by AIoT device optionally. 9. The Intermediate UE forwards AIOT device NAS message towards the NG-RAN, including the AIoT Device ID and optional device capability index. The NG-RAN forwards the AIoT device NAS message towards the AIOTF. The Intermediate UE may further provide location information (ULI) of the device, if requested from the AIOTF and allowed by local policy. The Intermediate UE may further provide an end indicator to inform the NG-RAN that will inform AIOTF whether it is the last inventory response for the inventory round, e.g. based on timeout in Intermediate UE. NOTE 2: It's up to RAN WG3 to determine the details and enhancements of the location information, and the ability to provide an end indicator from a reader is assumed to be aligned between UE as reader and RAN as reader. 10. The AIOTF validates the concealed device ID via interacting with AUSF and UDM / UDR. The AIOTF may further get the device capability information from the device capability profile stored in the UDM / UDR based on the device capability index provided by the device. 11. The AIOTF together with AUSF and UDM / UDR, triggers authentication and authorization procedures (i.e. like the authentication request / response between UE and network) towards the AIoT device. In Topology 2, the message between the AIOTF and the AIOT device is transmitted via the NG-RAN and the Intermediate UE. Based on the device capability information from UDM / UDR, if the AIoT device is capable of storing received parameters for a longer period, step 12 -step 14 are executed i.e. the AIOT device is then considered registered: 12. The security mode negotiation and security parameter exchanges are performed (i.e. like the security mode command / complete between UE and network) . In Topology 2, the message between the AIOTF and the AIOT device is transmitted via the NG-RAN and the Intermediate UE. NOTE 3: Further details of the security procedures are to be defined by SA WG3. 13. The AIOTF may further allocate CN device ID and sends it to the AIoT device. 14. The AIOTF registers with the UDM / UDR (UECM) for the AIoT device access. 15. The AIOTF may further aggregate the reported device IDs and send them to AF via the NEF, as step 14 -16 in Figure 6.8.2.1-1 of 3GPP TR 23.700-13 V0.4.0. Compared with solution#30, this solution is different in step 2-6 and step 9: the AIOTF pages candidate intermediate UEs in the intended area and delivers the device NAS message over NGAP (e.g., inventory request) towards NG-RANs in the intended area. NG-RAN determines intermediate UEs inside the area and delivers the device NAS message over Uu AS layer (e.g. inventory request) towards intermediate UEs. The device response is sent from intermediate UEs to NG-RAN and forwarded to AIOTF. In step 11-13, the device NAS message delivery follows the same principle. 6.X. 2.5 Periodic Inventory Procedure The periodic inventory may be requested by the AF, so that network can trigger the inventory periodically without the request from the AF directly. Considering the movement of the intermediate UEs which are not fixed, and the inventory is based on area information, the periodic inventory should be initiated by the CN (i.e., the AIOTF) , which follows the instructions from the AF. When the period expires in the AIOTF, the AIOTF pages the intermediate UEs based on the area information from the AF and the location information for the intermediate UEs, and then triggers inventory procedure, as step 2-15 in FIG. 11. 6.X. 2.6 Command Procedure The command procedure is initiated by the AF to request one or more specific AIoT devices or a group of AIoT devices in an area to execute the command. The command can be read, write, enable, disable, or execution request from the AF. The command result from the devices may or may not be required. FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of Command Procedure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 1. The AF sends Command Request to the NEF, containing the command to be executed, area information, device information, optional inventory strategy information, and optional report aggregation info. -The command is to be executed in the AIoT devices. It contains the command (e.g. read, write, execute, etc. ) together with the command parameters. The command specific parameters (e.g. what to be executed) are to be included in an app layer container between AF and AIOT devices. -The area information could be the external geographical area information. -The device information could be device ID, device group ID, and / or external device type. -The location required indicates whether the AF requests the location information of the AIoT devices provided. -The report aggregation info indicates whether the reports need to be aggregated or not for a specific aggregation period, and whether the reports are needed after the aggregation period. 2. The NEF authorizes the request from the AF and perform the area translation to translate external area information to the internal area information. Within the authorization, the NEF further check whether the AF is authorized to get the location information of the device. The NEF map the external device type to internal device type (i.e. device 1, device 2a, device 2b, etc. ) . NOTE 1: It is up to RAN to determine whether the device type is useful or not e.g. to optimize AS functionality such as spectrum usage, number of repetitions, etc. Depending on whether area information is provided, step 3a or step 3b is performed: 3a. If area information is provided, the NEF sends NRF query with internal area information to query AIOTFs serving the area. 3b. If area information is not provided, and device ID (s) are provided, the NEF query the serving AIOTF from UDM / UDR. 4. The NEF sends the Command Request to the AIOTFs with the command, internal area information, device information, device type, and optional location required information. 5. The AIOTF allocates a Transaction ID for the command, which is unique per command. The AIOTF creates the AIOT Device NAS request message for the devices, based on the command information from the AF. The AIOTF get the registered devices, which match the device information. If no registered devices, step 6 -14 are skipped. 6. The AIOTF sends enable UE reachability request towards the AMF to page the intermediate UEs for the registered devices, if the NG-RAN may release the the intermediate UEs to RRC_IDLE state. The AMF check the CM states of those intermediate UEs, and triggers paging towards the NG-RAN (s) for those UEs in CM-IDLE state. 7. The AIOTF creates an AIOT device NAS request message containing the Command. The AIOTF sends the NG-RAN with the AIOT device NAS request message, registered devices together with UEs, and the Transaction ID. 8. The NG-RAN checks whether the command request can be performed. The NG-RAN performs RAN paging for the intermediate UEs in RRC_INACTIVE state. The NG-RAN determines radio resource for the AIoT service operation between Intermediate UEs and the AIoT devices, and sends the Command Request towards the Intermediate UEs for the registered devices with the AIOT device NAS message, radio resource information, registered devices, and the Transaction ID. NOTE 2: It’s up to RAN2 to determine the Uu AS layer impacts for command request delivery. 9. The Intermediate UE initiates command delivery to transfer the AIOT device NAS request messages based on CN allocated device IDs of the registered devices, using dedicated signalling. Transaction ID is also included. NOTE 3: RAN signalling details, including how the command is sent, are to be further studied by RAN WGs. 10. The AIoT Device executes the command, creates an AIOT device NAS response message containing the command result and delivers the AIOT device NAS response message, if the result needs to be sent back. The application specific result can be included in an app layer container. 11. The Intermediate UE forwards the AIOT device NAS response message to the NG-RAN, and the NG-RAN forwards to the AIOTF. The Intermediate UE may further provide location information (ULI) of the device, if requested from the AIOTF and allowed by local policy. NOTE 4: It's up to RAN WG3 to determine the details and enhancements of the location information. 12. The AIOTF gets the command result from the AIOT Device NAS response message. The AIOTF may perform aggregation, based on the report aggregation information provided by the AF. Within the aggregation period, the AIOTF will buffer the command results reported from the AIoT devices. The AIOTF may stop buffering and send report immediately, if it receives end indicator from the Intermediate UE in step 11. When the aggregation period expires, the AIOTF sends the report. For those command result after the aggregation period, if it is needed by the AF, the AIOTF sends the report. Otherwise, it will be dropped. 13. The AIOTF sends Command Response or Notification Request towards the NEF for the command result or the aggregated command result information. 14. The NEF sends Command Response or Notification Request towards the AF for the command result or the aggregated command result information. If the AIOTF determines all required devices have executed the command (e.g. when AF provide the device ID (s) and those devices have executed the command in step 9-10) , the following steps are skipped. 15. For those unregistered devices (s) , the AIOTF initiate Inventory procedure as step 2 -14 in FIG. 11 (step 12 -13 will be skipped, if the device is not able to persistent received information) . In the inventory the Transaction ID is delivered, so that the registered devices which have executed command do not respond this inventory request from the Intermediate UE. 16. The AIOTF creates an AIOT device NAS request message containing the Command. The AIOTF sends the NG-RAN with the AIOT device NAS request message, the respond device together with the serving UE. 17. The NG-RAN checks whether the command request can be performed. The NG-RAN determines radio resource which is used between AIoT Devices and Intermediate UE. The NG-RAN sends the AIOT device NAS request message and the respond device. 18. The Intermediate UE initiates command delivery for the AIOT Device NAS request message to the device. 19. The AIoT Device executes the command, creates an AIOT Device NAS response message containing the command result and delivers the AIOT Device NAS response message to the intermediate UE, if the result needs to be sent back. The application specific result can be included in an app layer container. 20. The Intermediate UE forwards the AIOT device NAS response message to the NG-RAN, and the NG-RAN forwards to the AIOTF. The Intermediate UE may further provide location information (ULI) of the device, if requested from the AIOTF and allowed by local policy. 21. As step 13 -14, the AIOTF get the command result from the AIOT Device NAS response message. It may perform the aggregation and send to NEF. The NEF delivers to the AF. Compared with solution#30, this solution is different in step 6-8 and step 11: the AIOTF pages intermediate UEs and delivers the device NAS message over NGAP (i.e., command request) towards NG-RANs. NG-RAN delivers the device NAS message over Uu AS layer (e.g., command request) towards intermediate UEs. The device response is sent from intermediate UEs to NG-RAN and forwarded to AIOTF. In step 16-17 and step 20, the device NAS message delivery follows the same principle. 6.X. 3 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces The following NFs are impacted on top of the impacts of solution #8: -NG-RAN: -NGAP association with AIOTF. -Determine radio resources between intermediate UE and AIoT devices. -Receive request from AIOTF, (optional) determine intermediate UEs, forward to intermediate UEs. -Receive response from intermediate UEs and forward to AIOTF. -Keep intermediate UEs in RRC CONNECTED or RRC INACTIVE state (optional) -Ambient IoT Function (AIOTF) : -NG-RAN connectivity. -Routing the request from AF (via NEF) to NG-RAN, for DO-DTT / DT traffic types. -Routing the response from NG-RAN to AF (via NEF) for DO-DTT traffic type. -Page intermediate UEs via AMF (optional) -AMF: Authorization of intermediate UEs and create UE context towards AIOTF. -UDM / UDR: Enhance authorization information for intermediate UEs. -intermediate UE: -Authorization of intermediate UEs -Receive the request and radio resource information from NG-RAN and perform Ambient IoT operations (e.g. inventory, command, etc. ) on the proper spectrum. -Receive responses from AIoT devices and send to NG-RAN.
Claims
A method (300) performed by a first network node, comprising:receiving (302) a first message for a service of a first terminal device from a second network node; andsending (304) a second message for the service of the first terminal device to a second terminal device.The method according to claim 1, further comprising:establishing (312) a connection between the first network node and the second network node,wherein the first message is received from the second network node directly via the connection.The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:checking (322) whether the first message can be performed; and / ordetermining (324) radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.The method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the first message comprises at least one of:a candidate list of second terminal devices,area information,device information of the first terminal device,a transaction identifier,an inventory strategy, orinformation indicating whether an application node requests location information of the first terminal device.The method according to claim 4, further comprising:determining (332) whether there is at least one second terminal device in the candidate list which is in Radio Resource Control, RRC, INACTIVE state;paging (334) the at least one second terminal device if there is the at least one second terminal device in RRC INACTIVE state; andselecting (336) one or more second terminal devices in the candidate list which are in RRC CONNECTED states.The method according to claim 4, further comprising:if the first message does not comprise the candidate list, selecting (342) at least one second terminal device from at least one authorized second terminal device.The method according to any of claims 4-6, wherein the second message comprises at least one of:information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device,the device information of the first terminal device,the transaction identifier,the inventory strategy, orthe information indicating whether an application node requests location information of the first terminal device.The method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the first message comprises at least one of:a list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device,device information of the first terminal device,area information,a command, ora transaction identifier,wherein the first terminal device has been registered in a second network node.The method according to claim 8, further comprising:determining (352) whether there is at least one second terminal device in the list which is in RRC INACTIVE state;paging (354) the at least one second terminal device in RRC INACTIVE state if there is the at least one second terminal device in the list which is in RRC INACTIVE state; andselecting (356) one or more second terminal devices in the list which are in RRC CONNECTED states.The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the second message comprises at least one of:information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device,the device information of the first terminal device,area information,the command, orthe transaction identifier.The method according to claims 1-3, wherein the first message comprises at least one of:a list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device,device information of the first terminal device,area information,a transaction identifier, ora command,wherein the first terminal device has responded an inventory request but is not registered in a second network node.The method according to claim 11, wherein the second message comprises at least one of:information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device,the device information of the first terminal device,a transaction identifier, orthe command.The method according to any of claims 1-12, further comprising:receiving (362) a third message for the service of the first terminal device from the second terminal device; andsending (364) a fourth message to the second network node directly via a connection between the first network node and the second network node based on the third message.The method according to claim 13, wherein the first message and the second message comprises at least one of:an inventory request, ora command request;wherein the third message and the fourth message comprises at least one of:an inventory response,a command response, ora notification message.The method according to any of claims 1-14, whereinthe first network node comprises a radio access network node,the second network node comprises a standalone Ambient Internet of Things Function (AIOTF) or an AIOTF co-located with an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) or an AIOTF integrated in AMF,the first terminal device comprises an Ambient Internet of Things device, and / orthe second terminal device comprises an intermediate user equipment.A method (400) performed by a second network node, comprising:sending (402) a first message for a service of a first terminal device to a first network node.The method according to claim 16, further comprising:establishing (412) a connection between the first network node and the second network node,wherein the first message is sent to the first network node directly via the connection.The method according to claim 16 or 17, further comprising:generating (422) a list of second terminal devices in an intended area or serving the first terminal device if the first network node is able to release a second terminal device to RRC IDLE state;sending (424) a request to an access and mobility management node to page at least one second terminal device in the list; andgenerating (426) a candidate list of second terminal devices by removing second terminal devices which cannot be paged back from the list.The method according to any of claims 16-18, further comprising:discovering (432) the first network node based on an intended area.The method according to any of claims 16-19, wherein the first message comprises at least one of:a candidate list of second terminal devices,area information,device information of the first terminal device,a transaction identifier,an inventory strategy, orinformation indicating whether an application node requests location information of the first terminal device.The method according to any of claims 16-20, wherein the first message comprises at least one of:a list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device,device information of the first terminal device,area information,a command, ora transaction identifier,wherein the first terminal device has been registered in a second network node.The method according to any of claims 16-20, wherein the first message comprises at least one of:a list of second terminal devices serving the first terminal device,device information of the first terminal device,area information,a transaction identifier, ora command,wherein the first terminal device has responded an inventory request but is not registered in a second network node.The method according to any of claims 16-22, further comprising:receiving (442) a fourth message for the service of the first terminal device from the first network node directly via a connection between the first network node and the second network node.The method according to claim 23, wherein the first message comprises at least one of:an inventory request, ora command request;wherein the fourth message comprises at least one of:an inventory response,a command response, ora notification message.The method according to any of claims 16-24, whereinthe first network node comprises a radio access network node,the second network node comprises standalone Ambient Internet of Things Function (AIOTF) or an AIOTF co-located with an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) or an AIOTF integrated in AMF,the first terminal device comprises an Ambient Internet of Things device, and / orthe second terminal device comprises an intermediate user equipment.A method (500) performed by a second terminal device, comprising:receiving (502) a second message for a service of a first terminal device from a first network node; andsending (504) a sixth message to the first terminal device based on the second message.The method according to claim 26, wherein the second message comprises at least one of:information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device,device information of the first terminal device,a transaction identifier,an inventory strategy, orinformation indicating whether an application node requests location information of the first terminal device.The method according to claim 26, wherein the second message comprises at least one of:information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device,device information of the first terminal device,a command, ora transaction identifier,wherein the first terminal device has been registered in a second network node.The method according to claim 26, wherein the second message comprises at least one of:information indicating radio resource for the service of the first terminal device between the first terminal device and the second terminal device,device information of the first terminal device, ora transaction identifier,a command,wherein the first terminal device has responded an inventory request but is not registered in a second network node.The method according to any of claims 26-29, further comprising:receiving (506) a fifth message from the first terminal device; andsending (508) a third message to the first network node based on the fifth message.The method according to claim 30, wherein the second message and the sixth message comprises at least one of:an inventory request, ora command request;wherein the third message and the fifth message comprises at least one of:an inventory response,a command response, ora notification message.The method according to any of claims 26-31, whereinthe first network node comprises a radio access network node,the first terminal device comprises an Ambient Internet of Things device, and / orthe second terminal device comprises an intermediate user equipment.A first network node (600) , comprising:a processor (621) ; anda memory (622) coupled to the processor (621) , said memory (622) containing instructions executable by said processor (621) , whereby said first network node (600) is operative to:receive a first message for a service of a first terminal device from a second network node; andsend a second message for the service of the first terminal device to a second terminal device.The first network node according to claim 33, wherein the first network node is further operative to perform the method of any one of claims 2 to 15.A second network node (600) , comprising:a processor (621) ; anda memory (622) coupled to the processor (621) , said memory (622) containing instructions executable by said processor (621) , whereby said second network node (600) is operative to:send a first message for a service of a first terminal device to a first network node.The second network node according to claim 35, wherein the second network node is further operative to perform the method of any one of claims 17 to 25.A second terminal device (600) , comprising:a processor (621) ; anda memory (622) coupled to the processor (621) , said memory (622) containing instructions executable by said processor (621) , whereby said second terminal device (600) is operative to:receive a second message for a service of a first terminal device from a first network node; andsend a sixth message to the first terminal device based on the second message.The second terminal device according to claim 37, wherein the second terminal device is further operative to perform the method of any one of claims 27 to 32.A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 32.A computer program product comprising instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 32.
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