Operating method, control device and rolling mill

Abstract

The invention relates to an operating method for a rolling mill, preferably a hot rolling mill, having at least one roll stand, preferably two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or more roll stands, for shaping a metal rolling material, in particular a hot strip, by means of at least n = 2 shaping method steps in which the metal rolling material passes through a roll stand, in particular by means of at least n = 3, n = 4, n = 5, n = 6 or more shaping method steps, wherein a normalized relative thickness decrease of the (i-1)th shaping method step or of the (i-2)th shaping method step or of the (i-3)th shaping method step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness decrease of the ith shaping method step.

Description

[0001] Page 1 / 69 Applicant: SMS group GmbH Our Ref: P80997DE August 6, 2024 Operating Method, Control Device and Rolling Mill The invention relates to an operating method for a rolling mill, preferably a hot rolling mill, comprising at least one rolling stand, preferably two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or more rolling stands, for forming a metallic rolled stock, in particular a hot strip, by means of at least 2 forming process steps in which the metallic rolled stock passes through a rolling stand, in particular by means of at least 3, 4, 5, 6 or more forming process steps, wherein the rolled stock comprises a semi-finished product and / or a pre-product and / or an intermediate product and / or a product made of ferrous, steel and / or a non-ferrous metal material. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control device configured for carrying out such an operating method.The invention further relates to a rolling mill comprising such a control unit. In particular, generic operating methods, control devices, and rolling mills are known from the prior art. In rolling, especially in multi-stage rolling with a plurality of forming process steps, a multitude of process boundary conditions must be considered for the operation of a rolling mill. Page 2 / 69 P80997DE A priority here is a reliable and / or continuous thickness reduction of the metallic rolled stock in a forming process step. In particular, mis-rolling and / or overheating of work rolls should be avoided. Mis-rolling of a first variant can be understood as an accumulation of the metallic rolled stock in front of a rolling stand and thus an interruption of a continuous rolling process.This first type of rolling defect must be avoided at all costs, as it can pose immediate safety risks to personnel and materials. Such rolling defects are also known as overruns and / or cobbles. Overheating of work rolls can also lead to a loss of precision during rolling and thus cause a second type of rolling defect, which results in an increased reject rate of metallic rolled material. Furthermore, overheating of work rolls can also lead to increased wear on the rolling mill, which can increase the costs of rolling metallic rolled material. Overall, therefore, the objective of operating a rolling mill is to achieve or ensure safe and cost-efficient operation.In other words, increasing rolling stability and / or increasing the production rate of metallic rolled products while simultaneously avoiding safety risks represents a key challenge in the operation of rolling mills. The invention aims to provide an improvement or an alternative to the prior art.Page 3 / 69 P80997DE According to a first aspect, the object of the invention is to solve an operating method for a rolling mill, preferably a hot rolling mill, comprising at least one rolling stand, preferably two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or more rolling stands, for forming a metallic rolled material, in particular a hot strip, by means of at least ^ = 2 forming process steps in which the metallic rolled material passes through a rolling stand, in particular by means of at least ^ = 3, ^ = 4, ^ = 5, ^ = 6 or more forming process steps, wherein a ^-th forming process step consists of a set of ^ = 1 to ^ forming process steps to a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ. ^ = ^^,^ ^^ ^^,^ of the metallic rolled material under The action of a rolling stand or the metallic rolled material passes through a rolling stand without any relative decrease in thickness, wherein the metallic rolled material has a thickness h ^^,^approaching a rolling mill and with a thickness of ℎ ^^,^ proceeds;- wherein a (^ − 1)-th forming process step is arranged temporally prior to the ^-th forming process step;- wherein the operating procedure comprises a k-th forming process step from a set of ^ = 1 to ^ forming process steps, wherein the ^-th forming process step is characterized by the fact that the ^-th forming process step has the greatest relative thickness reduction from the set of ^ = 1 to ^ of the forming process- exhibits forming steps;- wherein a normalized relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step is derived from the quotient of the relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ∆ℎ ^ and the relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ∆ℎ ^results, where the normalized relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ‖∆ℎ^‖ = 0 Page 4 / 69 P80997DE is, if no thickness reduction of the metallic rolled stock occurs in the ^-th forming process step; where the operating procedure for a relative thickness reduction > 0 of the (^ − 1)-th conversion step with ^^,^ ^^ forming process ^^ ^^,^^^ = ^ ^^,^^^ a normalized relative thickness decrease ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^ ^^^ ∆^ ^ of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step, which is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖ ∆ℎ ^ ‖ of the ^-th forming process step; or - for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ > 0 of the (^ − 2)-th forming process step with ∆ℎ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^,^^^ ^^^ = ^at a re- ^^,^^^ relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^ ^^^ ∆^^ of the (^ − 2)-th forming process step, which is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖ ∆ℎ ^ ‖ of the ^-th forming process step; or - for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ > 0 of the (^ − 3)-th forming process step with ∆ℎ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^,^^^ ^^^ = ^at a re- ^^,^^^ relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step and with a relative thickness- abnahme = 0 of the (^ − 2)-ten a normalized relative thickness decrease ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^ ^^^ ∆^ ^ of the (^ − 3)-th forming process step, which is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖ ∆ℎ ^ ‖of the ^-th forming process step. Faced with the objective of increasing rolling stability and / or increasing the production rate of metallic rolled material while simultaneously avoiding safety risks, flexural buckling of the metallic rolled material can become a focus. When a metallic rolled material is rolled, it loses absolute thickness with almost every forming process step. Along with the absolute thickness of the metallic rolled material, the area moment of inertia of the metallic rolled material in the thickness extension direction is also reduced. A thickness reduction of the metallic rolled material requires a rolling force acting on the metallic rolled material from the work rolls of a rolling stand. This, in turn, is accompanied by a force acting from the work rolls on the incoming metallic rolled material against a conveying direction of the metallic rolled material, which can also be described as an impact force.When considering the bending and buckling of the metallic material approaching the rolling stand, this impact force can be equated with a buckling load acting on the approaching metallic material. In an operating procedure for a rolling mill with multiple forming process steps, each with the same absolute thickness reduction of the metallic material and thus approximately the same buckling load on the metallic material, the theoretical buckling safety is reduced from forming process step to forming process step due to the decreasing area moment of inertia in the thickness extension direction, at least if the free buckling lengths before each rolling stand are considered to be approximately the same.Page 6 / 69 P80997DE In other words, the tapping conditions are changed from one forming process step to the next, in particular the insertion conditions and / or the pull-through conditions for the metallic rolled stock. For the reasons stated above, it is part of current rolling practice that the standardized relative thickness reduction decreases from one forming process step to the next, so that the necessary buckling resistance of the respective incoming metallic rolled stock can be ensured for smooth and safe operation, thus preventing cobbles and ensuring rolling stability.Contrary to the preceding doctrine, an operating procedure for a rolling mill is proposed here, which includes at least one forming process step that, compared to the preceding forming process step with a normalized relative thickness reduction greater than zero, does not exhibit a reduction in the normalized relative thickness reduction. For this comparison, those forming process steps in which the metallic rolled material is merely rolled in a rolling stand without inducing a normalized relative thickness reduction in these forming process steps are to be disregarded. Accordingly, the comparison between two adjacent forming process steps, each exhibiting a normalized relative thickness reduction, is to be carried out, thereby justifying the case distinction in the corresponding characteristic.In other words, an operating procedure for a rolling mill is proposed in which, according to a first variant, a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ∆^ is used for a relative thickness reduction > 0. ^ ^^^‖ = ^^ of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step less than or equal to page 7 / 69 P80997DE of the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step; or - according to a second variant for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 and for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ > 0 a normalized relative thickness reduction of the (^ − 2)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step; or - according to a third variant for a relative thickness reduction- nahme = 0 , for a relative thickness decrease ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 and for a relative thickness decrease ∆ℎ^^^ > 0 a normalized relative thickness decrease ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ des (^ − 3)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step; or - according to a fourth variant, for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 , for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 , for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 and for a relative thickness reduction > 0 a normalized relative thickness decrease ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ = of the (^ − 4)th forming process step less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step; or – according to a fifth variant, for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0, for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0, for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0, for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 and for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ > 0, a normalized ‖ ‖∆^ ^^^The relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^ of the (^ − 5)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step. Specifically, it is proposed here that the normalized relative thickness reduction increases at least once during a series of forming process steps, excluding intermediate forming process steps in which no normalized relative thickness reduction is achieved, or at least does not decrease, since, in light of the above, it was unexpectedly found that this can improve rolling stability, thus increasing the safety of the operating process and / or increasing the productivity of the operating process by increasing the output of the rolling mill. As explained below, it is currently assumed that this observed effect is related to microscopic changes in the metallic rolled material.During rolling, a metallic material is passed between a number of rollers and plastically deformed under pressure, so that the metallic material assumes a new shape. The deformation of the metallic material is usually visible to the naked eye and can therefore be described as a macroscopic change process. During and after the rolling of a metallic material, microscopic changes can also occur in addition to the macroscopic changes, in particular a change in the microstructural properties of the metallic material, especially a change in phase fractions and / or grain sizes. The change in the microstructural properties of the metallic material can also be understood as a change in the microscopic properties of the metallic material.Increasingly complex, changes in microstructural properties are a dynamic process, meaning that a transition between two states does not occur abruptly, but rather over time. Changes in these microscopic properties are usually accompanied by changes in the macroscopic properties of the rolled metal, particularly changes in toughness and / or brittleness. This leads to changes in the mechanical properties of the rolled metal, especially changes in hardness, toughness, stiffness, strength, and / or ductility.A change in the microstructure of the rolled metal therefore generally leads to a change in the yield strength and / or the proof stress and / or the modulus of elasticity and / or the tensile strength and / or the reduction of area at fracture and / or the Lüders elongation and / or the uniform elongation and / or the impact strength. Furthermore, a change in the microstructure can also influence other properties of the rolled metal, in particular its weldability. Accordingly, it is plausible that the observed increase in rolling stability is related to a microscopic change in the rolled metal influenced by the proposed operating procedure. To support the observations made here, the following research was conducted: The mechanical properties of a rolled metal, especially hot-rolled strip, can be influenced by the grain size.A fine grain structure (page 10 / 69 P80997DE) can have a positive effect on both strength and toughness properties and can be the result of recrystallization and recovery processes occurring in the material during forming and subsequent transformation. These recrystallization and recovery processes during forming can thus be important for rolling stability, which is promoted by the deliberate and controlled determination and process management proposed here. Furthermore, the resulting grain refinement can produce a microstructure with improved mechanical properties, particularly with more homogeneous mechanical properties over a length, width, and / or thickness of the rolled metal, and / or even with defined mechanical properties. Preferably, the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^. ^^^∆^ of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step or the normalized ^ relative thickness reduction of the (^ − 2)-th forming process rensschrittes or the normalized relative thickness decrease ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^ ^^^ ∆^ of the (^ − 3)-th forming process step or the normalized ^ relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 4)-th transformation process The normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 5)-th forming process step is greater than or equal to 2.5% smaller than the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step, further preferably greater than or equal to 5.0% smaller, more preferably greater than or equal to 10.0% smaller, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 15.0% smaller. The normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ is advantageous. of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step-or the normalized relative thickness reduction of the (^ − 2)-th forming process step or the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^^^^ of the (^ − 3)-th forming process step or the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ = the (^ − 4)-th forming process step or the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 5)-th forming process step- The thickness is greater than or equal to 20.0% smaller than the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step, further advantageously greater than or equal to 30.0% smaller, preferably greater than or equal to 40.0% smaller, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 60.0% smaller. Preferably, the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^ of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step or the normalized ^ relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ = of the (^ − 2)-th forming process rensschrittes or the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^des (^ − 3)-th forming process step or the normalized ^ relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ = of the (^ − 4)-th transformation process The normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 5)-th forming process step is less than or equal to 97.5% smaller than the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step, further preferably less than or equal to 95.0% smaller, more preferably less than or equal to 90.0% smaller, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 85.0% smaller. The normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ is advantageous. of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step- tes or the normalized relative thickness decrease ‖∆ℎ ‖ (^ − 2)-th forming process step or the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 3)-th forming process step or the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ ‖(^ − 4)-th forming process step or the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^^^^ of the (^ − 5)-th forming process step by less than or equal to 80.0 % less than the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step, further advantageously by less than or equal to 70.0 % less, preferably by less than or equal to 60.0 % less and particularly preferably by less than or equal to 40.0 % less. In the operating method proposed here for a rolling mill, the quotient of the normalized relative thickness reduction of two consecutive forming process steps with an occurring normalized relative thickness change, in particular ^^^ ‖ or ‖ ^^^ ‖ or ‖ ^^^ ‖ O ‖ ^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^‖ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ the ‖ ∆^^ ‖ or ‖ ∆^ ‖ , less than or equal to 1, since a normalized relative thickness- ^ The reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 2)-th forming process step or ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 3)-th forming process step or ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 4)-th forming process step or ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 5)-th forming process step is proposed to be less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step. As explained above, this differs from a component of conventional rolling practice, where, for reasons of rolling stability, especially buckling resistance, ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ or ‖ ∆^^ ‖ or ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^‖ ‖ ∆^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ or ^^^ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ or ^^^ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ A value greater than or equal to 1 was chosen. Unexpectedly, experiments showed that the However, actual rolling stability can be increased if ‖∆^ ^ ‖ or the ‖ ∆^ ‖ ‖ ∆^ ∆^ O ^^^ ^^^ ‖ ‖ ^^^ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ or ‖ ∆^^ ‖ or ‖ ∆^^less than or equal to 1. Page 13 / 69 P80997DE More detailed investigations into the observably higher rolling stability unexpectedly revealed that the proposed operating method achieves a comparatively higher yield strength of the metallic rolled material with regard to its macroscopic properties, particularly its material and microstructure properties. Similarly, a comparatively higher value for the tensile strength of the metallic rolled material was also unexpectedly found, thus explaining the observed improved rolling stability. Furthermore, a comparatively higher toughness of the metallic rolled material was also achieved with the proposed operating method.Initial laboratory tests have shown that the operating method proposed here also improves the microscopic properties of the metallic rolled material compared to the state of the art. ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^ greater than 1 have unexpectedly improved, ^ ‖ In particular, smaller austenite grain sizes and / or smaller ferrite grain sizes could be achieved. The homogeneity of the microstructure parameters can also be unexpectedly improved with the operating method proposed here. Initial results regarding the aforementioned properties can be found in Table 1. It is understood that the listing of the variable quantity in light of the quotient of adjacent forming process steps considered here, each with a normalized relative thickness reduction greater than zero, also extends analogously to the other variants of the invention described here; therefore, Table 1 is particularly lacking. ‖∆^ ‖ ‖ ‖ explicitly in the other variants also for ^^^ ∆^ ^^^ ‖∆^ ^ ‖ and / or ‖∆^ ^ ‖ Page 14 / 69 P80997DE 0.75 + + + - - +1.0 + + + - - +StdT. 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 - - - + + -2.0 - - - + + -3.2 - - - + + -4.5 -- -- -- ++ ++ --6.0 -- -- -- ++ ++ --7.5 -- -- -- ++ ++ --10 --- --- --- +++ +++ ---15 --- --- --- +++ +++ ---20 --- --- --- +++ +++ ---31 ---- ---- ---- ++++ ++++ ---- Page 15 / 69 P80997DE 45 ---- ---- ---- ++++ ++++ ----60 ---- ---- ---- ++++ ++++ ----75 ----- ----- ----- +++++ +++++ -----100 ----- ----- ----- +++++ +++++ -----Tab. 1: Qualitative effects of the operating procedure proposed here on macroscopic and / or microscopic properties of a metallic rolled product; yield strength, tensile strength and / or toughness: + corresponds to higher values, - corresponds to lower values; austenite grain size and / or ferrite grain size: + corresponds to higher values ​​for grain size, - corresponds to lower values ​​for grain size; microstructure homogeneity: + corresponds to a more homogeneous microstructure, - corresponds to a more inhomogeneous microstructure; StdT. corresponds to the current part of rolling practice.In the context of this description, the term "rolling stand" can be understood to mean any rolling stand that can be used to reduce the thickness of a metallic rolled product. In particular, this can include a rolling stand of a heavy plate mill and / or a rolling stand of a hot rolling mill and / or a cold rolling mill. Furthermore, the term "rolling stand" preferably encompasses both a rolling stand set up for reversing operation and a rolling stand for operation with a preferred rolling direction. Both a rolling stand of a roughing mill and a rolling stand of a finishing mill, as well as a hot rolling stand and a cold rolling stand, can preferably be understood as a rolling stand.In this context, a "forming process step" can be understood as the passage of a roll gap formed by two work rolls of a rolling stand, preferably regardless of whether a thickness reduction of the metallic rolled stock is brought about during the passage or not. Therefore, preferably, no reduction in the thickness of the metallic rolled stock needs to be demonstrable during a forming process step (page 16 / 69 P80997DE). Rather, a rolling stand can also be passed through openly during a forming process step, so that the roll gap of the passed rolling stand can be greater than or equal to the thickness of the incoming metallic rolled stock.It is understood that forming process steps with different run variables can be numbered starting with the 1st forming process step and ending with the ^th forming process step, in particular with the run variables i, j, k and / or l, analogous to the ^th forming process step, the ^th forming process step, the ^th forming process step and / or the ^th forming process step. A (^ − 1)th forming process step is arranged in a series of 1 to ^ forming process steps before the ^th forming process step, in particular immediately before the ^th forming process step, and a (^ + 1)th forming process step is arranged in a series of 1 to ^ forming process steps after the ^th forming process step, in particular immediately after the ^th forming process step.Preferably, the running variables j, k, and / or l are understood as an index, i.e., precisely as the √-th forming process step, the √-th forming process step, and / or the √-th forming process step. Within a rolling mill, particularly adjacent to the at least one rolling stand or preferably between two rolling stands, various further units for processing the metallic rolled material can be arranged. In particular, further processing steps can also be arranged between two forming process steps included in the operating method discussed here, without thereby departing from the aspect of the invention proposed here. Thus, within the rolling mill, in addition to the at least one rolling stand, preferably a transfer bar cooling system and / or an induction heater and / or a tunnel furnace and / or a swaging device and / or the like can be arranged for processing the metallic rolled material.However, none of these units initiate a forming process step, since none of them is designed to bring about a relative reduction in the thickness of the metallic rolled material in accordance with the invention. A "normalized relative reduction in thickness" ‖∆ℎ^‖ is defined as a normalized "relative reduction in thickness" ∆ℎ. ^ understood, wherein the relative thickness reduction is the difference in the absolute thickness of the metallic rolled stock before the individually considered forming process step, in particular for the ^-th forming process step, denoted by ℎ ^^,^ , and after the forming process step, in particular for the ^-th forming process step, denoted by ℎ^^,^, is determined with respect to the absolute thickness before the forming process step. Accordingly, the relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step can be ^ ∆ℎ ^ with ∆ℎ ^ = ^^,^ ^^ ^^,^ ^ ^^,^can be calculated, whereby this can be calculated analogously for differing forming process steps and other running variables and / or indices. In particular, the relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ∆ℎ can be calculated. ^ with The normalization of the relative thickness reduction is achieved by using the relative thickness reduction that, in the series of forming process steps considered here, corresponds to the forming process step exhibiting the greatest relative thickness reduction. By definition, this is designated by the index of the ^-th forming process step. Accordingly, the normalized relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step can be expressed as ‖∆ℎ^‖ =∆^ ^ ∆^ ^The calculation can be performed analogously for deviating forming process steps, as shown on page 18 / 69 P80997DE. It should be expressly noted that the metallic rolled stock does not necessarily experience a relative reduction in thickness during the ^th forming process step. The running variable i is incremented to the next integer even if the metallic rolled stock only passes through one rolling stand, particularly an open rolling stand, without experiencing a reduction in thickness. In the case of a rolling mill where at least one rolling stand is traversed in reverse by a metallic rolled stock, the running variable i can therefore be incremented multiple times, even if the metallic rolled stock only experiences a reduction in thickness during a subset of forming process steps or during no forming process step.If the metallic rolled stock experiences no thickness reduction in the ^-th forming process step, then the normalized relative thickness reduction is, by definition, to be equated to 0, i.e., ‖∆ℎ^‖ = 0. It should be noted here that, within the scope of this patent application, indefinite articles and indefinite numerical specifications such as "one…", "two…", etc., are generally to be understood as minimum specifications, i.e., as "at least one…", "at least two…", etc., unless it is clear from the context or the specific text of a particular passage that only "exactly one…", "exactly two…", etc., is meant. It should also be mentioned here that, within the scope of this patent application, the expression "in particular" is always to be understood as introducing an optional, preferred feature. The expression should not be understood as "namely" or "indeed".The operating process can optionally be further developed advantageously if the operating process has greater than or equal to 3 forming process steps, wherein a (^ + 1)-th forming process step is arranged after the ^-th forming process step, wherein a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =. with ∆ℎ1)-th forming process step less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step, preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or ∆ ^- a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01. It was unexpectedly found that the rolling stability can be further increased if the normalized relative thickness reduction of the (^ + 1)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step. Preferably, a ratio of normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.01, further preferably greater than or equal to 1.5, page 20 / 69 P80997DE preferably greater than or equal to 2.0, further preferably greater than or equal to 3.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 4.5. According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^ ‖ ‖∆^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ and / or ^ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 6.0, more preferably greater than or equal to 7.5, more preferably greater than or equal to 10, more preferably greater than or equal to 15, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 20, or greater than or equal to 31, or greater than or equal to 45, or greater than or equal to 60, or greater than or equal to 75, or less than or equal to 100. The fixed costs of a rolling mill can be reduced in conjunction with a reduction in the necessary forming process steps between an initial thickness of the metallic rolled stock before entering the rolling mill and a final thickness of the metallic rolled stock when exiting the rolling mill, if a reduction- ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ^^^ ‖or is equal to 1.0, further preferably less than or equal to 0.75, more preferably less than or equal to 0.6, more preferably less than or equal to 0.45 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.32. According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions is ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖less than or equal to 0.2, more preferably less than or equal to 0.15, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1, more preferably less than or equal to 0.075, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.06, less than or equal to 0.045, less than or equal to 0.032, less than or equal to 0.02, less than or equal to 0.015, or less than or equal to 0.01. The operating process can preferably be further advantageously developed if the operating process comprises more than or equal to page 21 / 69 P80997DE^ = 4 forming process steps, wherein a (^ + 2)-th forming process step is arranged after the (^ + 1)-th forming process step, wherein a normalized relative thickness reduction with ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^,^^^ des ∆ℎ ^^^= ^^^,^^^ (^ + 2)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ + 1)-th forming process step, preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions is greater than or equal to 1.0, be- preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01. It was unexpectedly found that the rolling stability can be further increased if the normalized relative thickness reduction of the (^ + 2)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction of the (^ + 1)-th forming process step. Preferably, a ratio of the ‖∆^ reductions ^^^ ‖ ‖∆^ ^ ‖ normalized relative thickness ^^ ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.01, further preferably greater than or equal to 1.5, more preferably greater than or equal to 2.0, further preferably greater than or equal to 3.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 4.5. According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ and / or ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖greater than or equal to 6.0, further preferably greater than or equal to 7.5, page 22 / 69 P80997DE preferably greater than or equal to 10, further preferably greater than or equal to 15 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 20 or greater than or equal to 31 or greater than or equal to 45 or greater than or equal to 60 or greater than or equal to 75 or less than or equal to 100. The fixed costs of a rolling mill can be reduced in conjunction with a reduction of the necessary forming process steps between an initial thickness of the metallic rolled material before entering the rolling mill and a final thickness of the metallic rolled material when exiting the rolling mill, if a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^‖ less than or equal to 1.0, more preferably less than or equal to 0.75, more preferably less than or equal to 0.6, more preferably less than or equal to 0.45, and most preferably less than or equal to 0.32. According to a preferred embodiment, a Ratio of normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖less than or equal to 0.2, more preferably less than or equal to 0.15, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1, more preferably less than or equal to 0.075, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.06, less than or equal to 0.045, less than or equal to 0.032, less than or equal to 0.02, less than or equal to 0.015, or less than or equal to 0.01. The rolling stability can preferably be further improved if the operating process comprises 5 forming process steps greater than or equal to 5, wherein a (3)th forming process step is arranged after the (2)th forming process step, wherein a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ = with 3)th forming process step less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction page 23 / 69 P80997DE ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ + 2)-th forming process step is, preferably a ratio of the normalized relative di- ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ ckenabnehmen ‖∆^ ^^^‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01. It was unexpectedly found that the rolling stability can be further increased if the normalized relative thickness reduction of the (^ + 3)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction of the (^ + 2)-th forming process step. Preferably, a ratio of the ‖∆^ thickness reductions ^^^ ‖ ‖∆^ ^^‖ normalized relative Dic ^ ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.01, further preferably greater than or equal to 1.5, more preferably greater than or equal to 2.0, further preferably greater than or equal to 3.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 4.5. According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the ‖∆^ ‖ ‖∆^ ‖ normalized relative thickness reductions ^^^ ^^^ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ and / or ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖greater than or equal to 6.0, further preferably greater than or equal to 7.5, more preferably greater than or equal to 10, further preferably greater than or equal to 15, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 20, or greater than or equal to 31, or greater than or equal to 45, or greater than or equal to 60, or greater than or equal to 75, or less than or equal to 100. Page 24 / 69 P80997DE The fixed costs of a rolling mill can be reduced in conjunction with a reduction of the necessary forming process steps between an initial thickness of the metallic rolled stock before entering the rolling mill and a final thickness of the metallic rolled stock when exiting the rolling mill, if a ratio of the standardized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖less than or equal to 1.0, more preferably less than or equal to 0.75, more preferably less than or equal to 0.6, more preferably less than or equal to 0.45, and most preferably less than or equal to 0.32. According to a preferred embodiment, a ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ Ratio of normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^‖ less than or equal to 0.2, more preferably less than or equal to 0.15, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1, more preferably less than or equal to 0.075 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.06 or less than or equal to 0.045 or less than or equal to 0.032 or less than or equal to 0.02 or less than or equal to 0.015 or less than or equal to 0.01. An optional further development of the operating process with a further improved rolling stability can be achieved if the operating process has ≥ 6 forming process steps, wherein a (‖ + 4)-th forming process step is arranged after the (‖ + 3)-th forming process step, wherein a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ = ^ ∆ℎ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^,^^^ ^^^ = ^of the (^ + 4)-th forming process step ^^,^^^less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ + 3)-th forming process step, preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ‖ ^^^ ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or page 25 / 69 P80997DE - a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or ‖ nis of the normalized relative thickness reductions∆^ ^ ‖- a behavior ^^‖∆^ ^^^‖ less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01. It was unexpectedly found that the rolling stability can be further increased if the normalized relative thickness reduction of the (^ + 4)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction of the (^ + 3)-th forming process step. Preferably, a ratio of ∆ ^ ∆^ normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ^^^ ‖ ‖ ^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ and / or ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.01, more preferably greater than or equal to 1.5, more preferably greater than or equal to 2.0, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 4.5. According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the ‖∆^ ckenabnehmen is ^^ ‖ ‖∆^ ‖ normalized relative di ^ ^^^ ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or ‖∆^ ^^^‖ greater than or equal to 6.0, further preferably greater than or equal to 7.5, more preferably greater than or equal to 10, further preferably greater than or equal to 15, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 20, or greater than or equal to 31, or greater than or equal to 45, or greater than or equal to 60, or greater than or equal to 75, or less than or equal to 100. The fixed costs of a rolling mill can be reduced in conjunction with a reduction in the necessary forming process steps between an initial thickness of the metallic rolled stock before entering the rolling mill and a final thickness of the metallic rolled stock when exiting the rolling mill, if a reduction of the normalized relative thickness decreases is achieved. ^^ ‖ hältni ^ ‖∆^ ^^^‖ less than page 26 / 69 P80997DE or equal to 1.0, further preferably less than or equal to 0.75, more preferably less than or equal to 0.6, more preferably less than or equal to 0.45 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.32. According to a preferred embodiment, a Ratio of normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ less than or equal to 0.2, more preferably less than or equal to 0.15, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1, more preferably less than or equal to 0.075 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.06 or less than or equal to 0.045 or less than or equal to 0.032 or less than or equal to 0.02 or less than or equal to 0.015 or less than or equal to 0.01. The operating process can be further developed according to a preferred embodiment, wherein the operating process includes a (^ − 2)-th forming process step with a normalized relative thickness reduction ^ ^^,^^ ^^ with ∆ℎ ^ ^^,^^^ ^^^ =^^,^^^ and - preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.01. The operating method proposed here allows for a greater degree of deformation of the metallic rolled stock through the additional forming process step. Page 27 / 69 P80997DE It was unexpectedly discovered that the rolling stability can be further improved by using a ratio of the normalized reactive thickness reductions ‖ ∆^ la ^^^ ‖ ‖∆^ ^^^‖ greater than or equal to 1.5, preferably greater than or equal to 3.2, further preferably greater than or equal to 4.5, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 7.5. According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the nor- relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 10, further preferably greater than or equal to 15, more preferably greater than or equal to 20, further preferably greater than or equal to 31, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 45, or greater than or equal to 60, or greater than or equal to 75, or less than or equal to 100. A further unexpected improvement in rolling stability can be achieved if the ratio of the standardized relative thickness reductions is less than or equal to 0.75. is, further preferably less than or equal to 0.6, more preferably less than or equal to 0.45, more preferably less than or equal to 0.32, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.15. According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions is less than or equal to 0.15, further preferably less than or equal to 0.1, more preferably less than or equal to 0.075, further preferably less than or equal to 0.06 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.045 or less than or equal to 0.032 or less than or equal to 0.02 or less than or equal to 0.02. The operating process can optionally be further developed, wherein the operating process includes a (^ − 3)-th forming process step with a normalized relative thickness reduction ^ ^ ^^ with ∆ℎ ^,^^^ ^^^ = ^^,^^^ and page 28 / 69 P80997DE - preferably a ratio of the normalized relative Thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or - preferably - a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.01. This allows a greater degree of deformation of the metallic rolled stock to be achieved, attributable to the additional forming process step. Unexpectedly, it was found that the rolling stability can be further improved if the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions is greater than or equal to 1.5, before- The ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions is greater than or equal to 3.2, more preferably greater than or equal to 4.5, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 7.5. According to a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions is greater than or equal to 10. further preferably greater than or equal to 15, more preferably greater than or equal to 20, more preferably greater than or equal to 31, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 45, or greater than or equal to 60, or greater than or equal to 75, or less than or equal to 100. A further unexpected improvement in rolling stability can be achieved if the ratio of the standardized relative thickness reductions is less than or equal to 0.75. is, further preferably less than or equal to 0.6, more preferably less than or equal to 0.45, more preferably less than or equal to 0.32 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.15. Page 29 / 69 P80997DE According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of ‖ normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^‖ less than or equal to 0.15, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1, more preferably less than or equal to 0.075, more preferably less than or equal to 0.06, and most preferably less than or equal to 0.045, less than or equal to 0.032, less than or equal to 0.02, or less than or equal to 0.02. The operating process can preferably be further developed, wherein the operating process includes a (^ − 4)-th forming process step with a normalized relative thickness reduction. and - preferably a ratio of the normalized relative Thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or - preferably - a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions less than or equal to 1.0, less than or equal to 0.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.01. The additional forming process step can lead to a greater degree of deformation of the metallic rolled stock. Unexpectedly, it was found that the rolling stability can be further improved if a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions is greater than or equal to 1.5, preferably greater than or equal to 3.2, more preferably greater than or equal to 4.5, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 7.5. According to page 30 / 69 P80997DE of a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^‖ greater than or equal to 10, further preferably greater than or equal to 15, more preferably greater than or equal to 20, further preferably greater than or equal to 31, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 45, or greater than or equal to 60, or greater than or equal to 75, or less than or equal to 100. A further unexpected improvement in rolling stability can be achieved if a ratio of the nor- relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ less than or equal to 0.75, more preferably less than or equal to 0.6, more preferably less than or equal to 0.45, more preferably less than or equal to 0.32, and most preferably less than or equal to 0.15. According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions is less than or equal to 0.15, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1, more preferably less than or equal to 0.075, more preferably less than or equal to 0.06, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.045, less than or equal to 0.032, less than or equal to 0.02, or less than or equal to 0.02. The rolling stability of the operating process can preferably be further improved if a ratio of the normalized relative ∆^ Thickness reductions ‖ ^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ less than or equal to 0.99, preferably less than or equal to 0.2, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01. Preferably, a further improvement in rolling stability can be achieved if a ratio of the normalized relative Thickness reductions ‖∆^ less than or equal to 0.75, continue to be pre- ^ ‖preferably less than or equal to 0.6, preferably less than or equal to 0.45, further preferably less than or equal to 0.32 and particularly page 31 / 69 P80997DE preferably less than or equal to 0.15. According to a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the normalized relative Di- ∆ ^ back reductions ‖ ^^^ ‖ ‖∆^ ^‖ less than or equal to 0.1, further preferably less than or equal to 0.075, more preferably less than or equal to 0.06, more preferably less than or equal to 0.045 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.032 or less than or equal to 0.02 or less than or equal to 0.015. For an operating process comprising at least ^ + 1 forming process steps, the rolling stability can optionally also be improved if the metallic rolled stock passes through a rolling stand in a ^-th forming process step from a set of ^ = 1 to ^ forming process steps, preferably from a set of ^ = 2 to ^ forming process steps and further preferably from a set of ^ = 3 to ^ forming process steps, wherein the metallic rolled stock does not undergo a normalized relative thickness change ^∆ℎ^^ =∆^ in the ^-th forming process step. ^ ∆^ ^ with learns. Here it is proposed that the metallic rolled stock does not experience any thickness reduction during the ^-th forming process step. In such a case, one can also speak of an open rolling stand, which the metallic rolled stock merely passes through. Since the metallic rolled stock does not experience any thickness reduction during the ^-th forming process step, the standardized relative thickness reduction is, by definition, set to 0, i.e., ^∆ℎ^^ = 0.For an operating process comprising at least ^ + 1 forming process steps, the rolling stability can also be further improved if the metallic rolled stock passes through a rolling stand at a ^-th forming process step from a set of ^ = 1 to ^ forming process steps, wherein the ^-th forming process step is not equal to the ^-th forming process step, preferably from a set of ^ = 2 to ^ forming process steps and further preferably from a set of ^ = 3 to ^ forming process steps, wherein the metallic rolled stock does not undergo a normalized relative thickness change ‖∆ℎ^‖ = in the ^-th forming process step. with ∆ℎ ^ = ^^,^ ^^ ^^,^ ^ ^^ learns. ,^It is additionally proposed here that the metallic rolled stock does not experience any thickness reduction in a ^-th forming process step. Here too, the normalized relative thickness reduction is to be set to 0 by definition, i.e., ‖∆ℎ^‖ = 0. Optionally, the ^-th forming process step can be arranged immediately before or after the ^-th forming process step. According to an optional embodiment, at least two forming process steps are carried out by one rolling stand, preferably by means of a reversal of the direction of the rolled stock within the rolling mill, in particular three, four, five or more forming process steps. In other words, at least one rolling stand is operated at least partially in reverse and / or the metallic rolled stock is diverted around at least one rolling stand.Optionally, a plurality of forming process steps can be carried out by means of at least two, in particular three, four, five, six, seven or more, rolling stands arranged directly adjacent to one another, thus avoiding a reversal of the direction of the rolled material. Page 33 / 69 P80997DE According to one conceivable embodiment, the operating method proposed above can be carried out on a rolling mill having a unidirectionally operating section, in particular on a rolling mill having a finishing mill. However, the operating method can also be carried out on a rolling mill which has a reversing roughing mill and a unidirectionally operated finishing mill.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a microstructural parameter, preferably a grain size, a recrystallized volume fraction, and / or a phase fraction, of the metallic rolled material is measured during the operating process, preferably after the nth forming process step. A phase fraction can include, among other things, ferrite fractions, pearlite fractions, and / or bainite fractions. The measurement of the microstructural parameter can advantageously be carried out after a roughing mill, after the nth forming process step (i.e., any forming process step), and / or after the nth forming process step (i.e., the last forming process step), and / or after a cooling section, in particular after a cooling section following the nth forming process step.Furthermore, the measurement of the microstructure parameter can be carried out simultaneously during the execution of the operating process, or on a previously rolled metallic product, and / or based on a measurement in a laboratory and thus after the execution of the operating process. Page 34 / 69 P80997DE The rolling stability can be further improved if a ratio of two normalized relative thickness reductions depending on at least one microstructure parameter is selected, in particular the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^. ^^^ ‖ ‖∆^ ^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions and / or the ratio of the normalized relative Thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the standardized re- men ‖ ∆^ relative thickness reduction ^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions and / or the loss- ratio of the standardized relative thickness reductions the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions Optionally, the nth forming process step corresponds to or is downstream of the 3rd forming process step, preferably the 4th forming process step, and particularly preferably the 5th forming process step. Preferably, the i-th forming process step corresponds to or is upstream of the 7th forming process step, preferably the 6th forming process step, and particularly preferably the 5th forming process step. According to a second aspect of the invention, the problem is solved by a control device configured for carrying out an operating procedure for operating a rolling mill for rolling a metallic rolled material according to the first aspect of the invention.It is understood that the advantages of an operating method according to the first aspect of the invention also extend directly to page 35 / 69 P80997DE, a control device set up for carrying out an operating method for operating a rolling mill for rolling a metallic rolled material according to the first aspect of the invention. A control device set up for carrying out an operating method for operating a rolling mill for rolling a metallic rolled material according to the first aspect of the invention is preferably data-connected to the rolling mill; in particular, it can transmit all relevant control variables to the rolling mill, especially to the rolling stand or stands of the rolling mill. The control device can be data-connected to a higher-level control and / or regulation system for planning the forming process steps.The control device may include an electronic data processing and / or evaluation unit. Furthermore, the control device may include a data storage unit. Within the framework of process control, the control device may include a process control system for the units involved in the rolling process or be part of such a process control system. The control device may be data-connected to a measuring device, in particular a sensor, especially a sensor for grain size, recrystallized volume fraction, and / or phase fraction of the metallic rolled material. Optionally, the control device includes at least one process model for determining a step schedule for forming process steps. Page 36 / 69 P80997DE The at least two forming process steps may be part of a step schedule that encompasses the overall forming of the metallic rolled material and the forming process steps involved.According to a preferred embodiment, the control device comprises at least one process model for determining temperature control and / or forming control and / or buckling resistance, in particular temperature control before a forming process step, between two forming process steps, and / or after a forming process step. Based on the results of the process model, control and / or regulation parameters can be adapted in a target-oriented manner. It is particularly advantageous if the control device is data-connected to a sensor for a microstructure parameter, in particular a sensor for grain size, a recrystallized volume fraction, and / or a phase fraction, and if sensor data are used to set a ratio of two normalized relative thickness reductions, in particular. the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^ ‖and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative Thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions, the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions and / or the ratio the standardized relative thickness reductions and / or the loss- ratio of the standardized relative thickness reductions Page 37 / 69 P80997DE According to a third aspect of the invention, the problem is also solved by a rolling mill for rolling a metallic rolled material comprising a control device according to the second aspect of the invention. It is understood that the advantages of a control device according to the second aspect of the invention are directly transferable to a rolling mill for rolling a metallic rolled material comprising a control device according to the second aspect of the invention. It should be noted here that, within the scope of this patent application, indefinite articles and indefinite numerical indications such as "one…", "two…", etc., are generally to be understood as minimum indications, i.e., as "at least one…", "at least two…", etc., unless it is clear from the context or the specific text of a particular passage that only "exactly one…", "exactly two…", etc., is meant. It should also be mentioned here that…that, within the scope of the present patent application, the term "in particular" is always to be understood as introducing an optional, preferred feature. The term is not to be understood as "namely" or "namely." Further advantages, details, and features of the invention will also become apparent from the embodiments explained below. Components that are at least essentially identical in their function in the individual figures may be identified by the same reference numerals, without the need to number and explain the components in all figures. Page 38 / 69 P80997DE The drawing shows: Figure 1a: schematically comprising a rolling mill with a rolling stand for forming a metallic rolled material; Figure 1b: schematically comprising a rolling mill with n rolling stands for forming a metallic rolled material,wherein the rolling mill is set up for unidirectional forming of the metallic rolled stock along one machine direction; Figure 1c: schematically showing a rolling mill comprising a rolling stand for forming a metallic rolled stock, wherein the rolling mill is set up for reversing the execution of a plurality of forming process steps on a single rolling stand; Figure 1d: schematically showing a rolling mill with an open rolling stand, which is passed by a metallic rolled stock; Figure 2a: schematically showing a rolling mill with an arrangement of 7 rolling stands, which are connected to a control device via signaling; Figure 2b: schematically showing a first embodiment of the operating method proposed here; Figure 2c: schematically showing a second embodiment of the operating method proposed here; Figure 3a: schematically showing a third embodiment of the operating method proposed here (white bars,Page 39 / 69 P80997DE solid line) in comparison to an operating method from the prior art (black bars, dashed line); Figure 3b: schematically a fourth embodiment of the operating method proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to an operating method from the prior art (black bars, dashed line); Figure 3c: schematically a fifth embodiment of the operating method proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to an operating method from the prior art (black bars, dashed line); Figure 3d: schematically a sixth embodiment of the operating method proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to an operating method from the prior art (black bars, dashed line); Figure 3e: schematically a seventh embodiment of the operating method proposed here (white bars,solid line) in comparison to a prior art operating method (black bars, dashed line); and Figure 3f: schematically an eighth embodiment of the operating method proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to a prior art operating method (black bars, dashed line). Page 40 / 69 P80997DE The rolling mill 10 in Figure 1a has a rolling stand 12 and is set up for forming a metallic rolled stock 1 by means of an i-th forming process step. In the i-th forming process step, the metallic rolled stock enters a roll gap (not labeled) of the rolling stand 12 with a thickness ℎ^^,^ and leaves the roll gap in a formed state with a thickness ℎ^^,^. The relative thickness reduction, The following results are obtained by the deformation of the metallic rolled material 1 by the i-th deformation process step using the calculation rule: The rolling mill 10 in Figure 1b has a number of n rolling stands 12. The rolling mill 10 from Figure 1a is set up for the unidirectional forming of a metallic rolled stock 1 by means of n forming process steps, wherein one forming process step can be carried out on each rolling stand 12 with a running variable ^ = 1 to ^. By way of example, a rolling stand 12 in Figure 1b is marked with an i, which is intended to clarify that the i-th forming process step of the metallic rolled stock 1 is carried out on this rolling stand 12. Beforehand, the metallic rolled stock is subjected analogously to an (i-1)-th forming process step and afterwards to an (i+1)-th forming process step. One of the ^ = 1 to ^ forming process steps has the greatest relative thickness reduction from the above set of forming process steps. This forming process step is referred to as the k-th forming process step in this description.The relative thickness reduction for this k-th forming process step is calculated as follows: Page 41 / 69 P80997DE. It should be explicitly noted again that the k-th forming process step also belongs to the set of forming process steps from ^ = 1 to ^. It can therefore additionally and in particular also be designated as the i-th, (i-1)-th, or (i+1)-th forming process step. The designation as the k-th forming process step serves only to normalize the relative thickness reductions of the forming process steps from ^ = 1 to ^. The normalized relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ‖∆ℎ^‖ results from the quotient of the relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ∆ℎ ^ and the relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ∆ℎ ^ and can therefore be calculated as follows: Although this is not shown in the embodiment of Figure 1b, in a different embodiment (not shown here) no relative thickness reduction may occur at a rolling stand 12. In other words, in such a case, the metallic rolled stock 1 passes through a rolling stand without experiencing a relative thickness reduction. If this were the case at the i-th forming process step, the normalized relative thickness reduction for the i-th rolling stand 12 would be, by definition, ‖ ∆ℎ^‖ = 0.Page 42 / 69 P80997DE The rolling mill 10 in Figure 1c has exactly one rolling stand 12 and is set up for forming a metallic rolled stock (not shown) with the forming process steps ^ = 1 to ^ = 5 with a reversing direction of the metallic rolled stock. In this case, one also speaks of reversing forming process steps of the metallic rolled stock. The rolling mill 10 in Figure 1d has a rolling stand 12 which is passed by a metallic rolled stock 1 without any forming. In other words, the rolling stand 12 is open, so that the roll gap (not labeled) is greater than or equal to the thickness h ^^,^ of the incoming metallic rolled material 1. An i-th forming process step can also be referred to as a j-th forming process step or as an l-th forming process step within the scope of this description. Accordingly, the following applies here: ℎ^^,^ = ℎ^^,^ and ^ ∆ℎ^^ = 0.Figure 2a schematically shows a rolling mill 10 with an arrangement of 7 rolling stands 12, each of which is connected to a control device 20 via a signal system. The rolling mill 10 is configured for forming a metallic rolled stock (not labeled) in a unidirectional direction, such that the metallic rolled stock passes through one rolling stand 12 after the other, completing one forming process step in each stand. However, one or more rolling stands 12 can also be traversed openly by the metallic rolling stand, so that a forming process step ^ = 1 to ^ occurs at these rolling stands 12, but no relative change in thickness takes place. Page 43 / 69 P80997DE Each rolling stand 12 is signal-connected to the control device 20. Therefore, each rolling stand 12 can receive the signals necessary for carrying out the operating procedure proposed here from the control device 20.The rolling stands 12 can also (shown as dashed lines) send signals back to the control device 20 in order to make corresponding corrections to the operating procedure proposed here, for example, for the purpose of control and regulation. The control device 20 has at least one process model 22 with which a schedule for the forming process steps can be determined. In addition, the control device 20 can have a process model 24, which is set up to determine the temperature profile of the metallic rolled material. The control device 20 can be designed such that the calculations of one or more process models 22, 24 are carried out within the control device 20 itself. Alternatively or additionally, the calculations of the process models 22, 24 can be designed such that the calculation takes place within a separate computing unit (not shown), which is then coupled to the control device 20 and transmits the necessary data.The control device 20 can alternatively or additionally have a microstructure model (not shown), a friction model (not shown), and / or a different model (not shown). The control device 20 can be equipped with a sensor 25 for detecting microstructure parameters. Figure 2b schematically shows an embodiment of the operating method proposed here, based on the rolling mill 10 shown schematically in Figure 2. Page 44 / 69 P80997DE In the forming process steps ^ = 1 to ^ = 7 shown, the metallic rolled material (not shown) is formed. The highest relative thickness reduction occurs in the first forming process step, so that the normalized relative thickness reduction of the first forming process step ‖∆ℎ^‖ = 1. Accordingly, the first forming process step also corresponds to the k-th forming process step.In this embodiment, the third forming process step corresponds to the i-th forming process step, so that, according to the operating procedure proposed here, the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step is smaller than the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step. Figure 2c schematically shows another embodiment of the operating procedure proposed here, again using the rolling mill 10 schematically depicted in Figure 2a. In the depicted ^ = 1 to ^ = 7 forming process steps, the metallic rolled material (not shown) is formed. In this embodiment, the highest relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ occurs in the second forming process step. ^‖=1. Accordingly, the second forming process step here also corresponds to the k-th forming process step. In the present case, the third forming process step and the fourth forming process step fulfill the condition of the operating procedure proposed here, according to which the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step should be smaller than the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step. Page 45 / 69 P80997DE In this embodiment, the fourth forming process step is designated as the i-th forming process step. It becomes clear that the relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (i-1)-th forming process step is smaller than the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the i-th forming process step. It also shows that a normalized relative thickness reduction ^ with ∆ℎ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^,^^^ ^^^ = ^des (^ + 1)-ten – in this case ^^,^^^The fifth forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step. Furthermore, it also shows that a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^ ^^^ ^ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^,^^^ ∆^ ^ with ∆ℎ ^^^ = ^ des^^,^^^ (^ + 2)-th - in this case the sixth - forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ + 1)-th forming process step. Figure 3a schematically shows a third embodiment with^ = 1 to ^ = 7 forming process steps for the operating process proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to an operating process from the prior art (black bars, dashed line), which has been improved here with regard to rolling stability. In this third embodiment, the first forming process step corresponds to the forming process step with the greatest relative thickness reduction for the new operating process proposed here.It is evident that the fifth forming process step (page 46 / 69 P80997DE) exhibits a greater normalized relative thickness reduction than the preceding fourth forming process step, whereas in the previously known operating process, there is a continuous decrease in the normalized relative thickness reduction for each forming process step (λ = 1 to λ = 7). A subsequent analysis of the formed metallic rolled stock yielded the microscopic structural parameters shown in Table 2. It is evident that with the proposed operating process, both the austenite grain size and the ferrite grain size decrease, and the overall microstructural homogeneity increases. According to the operating process proposed here, this change in the microstructural parameters leads to an increase in the yield strength, tensile strength, and toughness.et ß ä ö etr ß itg ö neinrezerggnkonoegtkr mriitoogteikhkskntece geigefitr ü rghsrftu ä uee SZZAFG Stand der0 0 0 0 0 0Technik Ausführungs-++ + + - - +++example Tab. 2: Qualitative effects of the operating method proposed here on macroscopic and / or microscopic properties of a metallic rolled product (Mn-Nb microalloyed steel, final thickness 2 mm, final rolling temperature 890°C, width 1,550 mm); yield strength, tensile strength and / or toughness: + corresponds to higher values, - corresponds to lower values; Austenite grain size and / or ferrite grain size: + corresponds to higher values ​​for grain size, - corresponds to lower values ​​for grain size; Microstructure homogeneity: + corresponds to a more homogeneous microstructure, - corresponds to a more inhomogeneous microstructure; State of the art corresponds to the current part of rolling practice.Figure 3b schematically shows a fourth embodiment with 1 to 7 forming process steps for the operating method proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to a prior art operating method (black bars, dashed line), which has been improved here with regard to rolling stability. In this fourth embodiment, the fourth forming process step corresponds to the forming process step with the greatest relative thickness reduction for the new operating method proposed here. It is evident that the fourth forming process step according to the newly proposed operating method has a significantly greater normalized relative thickness reduction than the preceding third forming process step, whereas in the prior art operating method there is a continuous decrease in the normalized relative thickness reduction for each forming process step 1 to 7.The second forming process step also differs from conventional rolling practices, as it exhibits a greater normalized relative thickness reduction than the first. Subsequent analysis of the formed metallic rolled stock yielded the microscopic structural parameters shown in Table 3, which again demonstrate an improvement in all investigated parameters. Page 48 / 69 P80997DE et ß ä ö etr ß itg ö neinrezerggnkonoegtkr mriitoogteikhkskntece geigefitr ü rghsrftu ä uee SZZAFG Stand der0 0 0 0 0 0Technology Execution-+ ++ ++ - -- +++example Tab. 3: Qualitative effects of the operating method proposed here on macroscopic and / or microscopic properties of a metallic rolled product (LC Nb-Timimicroalloyed steel, final thickness 3 mm, final rolling temperature 920°C, width 1.900 mm); Yield strength, tensile strength and / or toughness: + corresponds to higher values, - corresponds to lower values; Austenite grain size and / or ferrite grain size: + corresponds to higher values ​​for grain size, - corresponds to lower values ​​for grain size; Microstructure homogeneity: + corresponds to a more homogeneous microstructure, - corresponds to a more inhomogeneous microstructure; State of the art corresponds to the current part of rolling practice. Figure 3c schematically shows a fifth embodiment with ^ = 1 to ^ = 7 forming process steps for the operating method proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to an operating method from the state of the art (black bars, dashed line), which has been improved here with regard to rolling stability.The previously known operating method has the special feature in this fifth embodiment that the fifth and seventh rolling stands are traversed openly by the metallic rolled material (page 49 / 69 P80997DE), i.e., without undergoing a relative change in thickness in these rolling stands. In this fifth embodiment, the first forming process step corresponds to the forming process step with the greatest relative reduction in thickness for the new operating method proposed here. The operating method proposed here also has a total of two open rolling stands, namely the third and seventh forming process steps.It is evident that the fifth forming process step according to the newly proposed operating procedure exhibits a greater normalized relative thickness reduction than the preceding fourth forming process step, whereas in the previously known operating procedure – with the exception of the forming process steps at the open rolling stands – there is a continuous decrease in the normalized relative thickness reduction for each forming process step ^ = 1 to ^ = 7. A subsequent analysis of the formed metallic rolled stock yielded the microscopic structural parameters according to Table 4, which again show an improvement for all investigated parameters. et ß ä ö etr ß itg ö neinrezerggnkonoegtkr mriitoogteikhkskntece geigefitr ü rghsrftu ä uee SZZAFG Stand der0 0 0 0 0 0Technik Seite 50 / 69 P80997DE Ausführungs-+ + + - - ++example Tab.4: Qualitative effects of the proposed operating procedure on macroscopic and / or microscopic properties of a metallic rolled product (C Nb microalloyed steel, final thickness 10 mm, final rolling temperature 850°C, width 1,530 mm); yield strength, tensile strength and / or toughness: + corresponds to higher values, - corresponds to lower values; austenite grain size and / or ferrite grain size: + corresponds to higher values ​​for grain size, - corresponds to lower values ​​for grain size; microstructure homogeneity: + corresponds to a more homogeneous microstructure, - corresponds to a more inhomogeneous microstructure; state of the art corresponds to the current part of rolling practice.Figure 3d schematically shows a sixth embodiment with 1 to 7 forming process steps for the operating method proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to a prior art operating method (black bars, dashed line), which has been improved here with regard to rolling stability. Similar to the fifth embodiment, the prior art operating method again has the feature that the fifth and seventh rolling stands are openly traversed by the metallic rolled stock, i.e., without experiencing a relative change in thickness in these rolling stands. In this sixth embodiment, the first forming process step again corresponds to the forming process step with the greatest relative reduction in thickness for the new operating method proposed here.Page 51 / 69 P80997DE The operating method proposed here also features a total of two open rolling stands, namely the second and seventh forming process steps. It is evident that the fifth forming process step, according to the newly proposed operating method, exhibits a greater normalized relative thickness reduction than the preceding fourth forming process step, whereas in the previously known operating method – with the exception of the forming process steps at the open rolling stands – there is a continuous decrease in the normalized relative thickness reduction for each forming process step ^ = 1 to ^ = 7. A subsequent analysis of the formed metallic rolled stock yielded the microscopic structural parameters according to Table 5, which again show an improvement for all investigated parameters.et ß ä ö etr ß itg ö neinrezerggnkonoegtkr mriitoogteikhkskntece geigefitr ü rghsrftu ä uee SZZAFG Stand der0 0 0 0 0 0Technik Ausführungs-+ + + - - ++example Tab. 5: Qualitative effects of the operating method proposed here on macroscopic and / or microscopic properties of a metallic rolled product (C Nb-Ti microalloyed steel, final thickness 10 mm, final rolling temperature 875°C, width 1,530 mm); yield strength, tensile strength and / or toughness: + Page 52 / 69 P80997DE corresponds to higher values, - corresponds to lower values; austenite grain size and / or ferrite grain size: + corresponds to higher values ​​for the grain size, - corresponds to lower values ​​for the grain size; Microstructure homogeneity: + corresponds to a more homogeneous microstructure, - corresponds to a more inhomogeneous microstructure; state of the art corresponds to the current component of rolling practice.Figure 3e schematically shows a seventh embodiment with 1 to 7 forming process steps for the operating method proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to a prior art operating method (black bars, dashed line), which has been improved here with regard to rolling stability. In this seventh embodiment, the second forming process step corresponds to the forming process step with the greatest relative thickness reduction for the new operating method proposed here. It is evident that the second forming process step according to the newly proposed operating method exhibits a significantly greater normalized relative thickness reduction than the preceding first forming process step, whereas in the prior art operating method there is a continuous decrease in the normalized relative thickness reduction for each forming process step 1 to 7.Here, it is proposed that, deviating from the prior art, the sixth and seventh rolling stands be passed openly and that no relative thickness reduction be achieved with these stands. A subsequent analysis of the formed metallic rolling stock yielded the microscopic structural parameters shown in Table 6, which again demonstrate an improvement for all investigated parameters. Page 53 / 69 P80997DE et ß ä ö etr ß itg ö neinrezerggnkonoegtkr mriitoogteikhkskntece geigefitr ü rghsrftu ä uee SZZAFG Stand der0 0 0 0 0 0Technology Execution-+ ++ + - - +++example Tab. 6: Qualitative effects of the operating method proposed here on macroscopic and / or microscopic properties of a metallic rolled product (Mn-Nb-V micro-alloyed steel, final thickness 8-15 mm, final rolling temperature 840-880°C, width 1.550 mm); Yield strength, tensile strength and / or toughness: + corresponds to higher values, - corresponds to lower values; Austenite grain size and / or ferrite grain size: + corresponds to higher values ​​for grain size, - corresponds to lower values ​​for grain size; Microstructure homogeneity: + corresponds to a more homogeneous microstructure, - corresponds to a more inhomogeneous microstructure; State of the art corresponds to the current part of rolling practice. Figure 3f schematically shows an eighth embodiment with ^ = 1 to ^ = 7 forming process steps for the operating process proposed here (white bars, solid line) in comparison to an operating process from the state of the art (black bars, dashed line), which has been improved here with regard to rolling stability. In this eighth embodiment, the second forming process step corresponds to the forming process step with the greatest relative thickness reduction for the new operating process proposed here.It is evident that both the second forming process step according to the newly proposed operating procedure (page 54 / 69 P80997DE) and the fourth forming process step exhibit a greater normalized relative thickness reduction than the immediately preceding forming process steps, whereas in the previously known operating procedure, there is a continuous decrease in the normalized relative thickness reduction for each forming process step ^ = 1 to ^ = 7. A subsequent analysis of the formed metallic rolled stock yielded the microscopic structural parameters according to Table 7, which again show an improvement for all investigated parameters. et ß ä ö etr ß itg ö neinrezerggnkonoegtkr mriitoogteikhkskntece geigefitr ü rghsrftu ä uee SZZAFG Stand der0 0 0 0 0 0Technik Ausführungs-++ ++ ++ -- -- +++example Tab.7: Qualitative effects of the operating procedure proposed here on macroscopic and / or microscopic properties of a metallic rolled product (Mn-Nb-V-(Mo) micro-alloyed steel, final thickness 2.5 mm, final rolling temperature 870°C, width 1,100 mm); yield strength, tensile strength and / or toughness: + corresponds to higher values, - corresponds to lower values; austenite grain size and / or ferrite grain size: + corresponds to higher values ​​for grain size, - corresponds to lower values ​​for grain size; microstructure homogeneity: + corresponds to a more homogeneous microstructure, - corresponds to a more inhomogeneous microstructure; state of the art corresponds to the current part of rolling practice.

[0002] Page 56 / 69 P80997DE Reference List 1 metallic rolled material 10 rolling mill 12 rolling stand 20 control device 22 process model for determining a batching plan 24 process model for determining a temperature profile 25 Sensorn Number of forming process stepsei Variable of the 1 to n forming process stepsej Variable of the 1 to n forming process stepsek Variable of the 1 to n forming process stepsel Variable of the 1 to n forming process stepsℎ ^^,^ Thickness of the metallic rolled material when running onto the rolling stand belonging to the i-th forming process step ℎ ^^,^ Thickness of the metallic rolled material when running onto the rolling stand belonging to the j-th forming process step ℎ ^^,^ Thickness of the metallic rolled material when running onto the rolling stand belonging to the k-th forming process step ℎ ^^,^ Thickness of the metallic rolled material when running onto the rolling stand belonging to the 1st forming process step ℎ ^^,^ Thickness of the metallic rolled material as it runs off the rolling stand belonging to the i-th forming process step ℎ ^^,^ Thickness of the metallic rolled material as it exits the rolling stand belonging to the j-th forming process step ℎ^^,^ Thickness of the metallic rolled material when running up from the rolling stand belonging to the k-th forming process step Page 57 / 69 P80997DE ℎ ^^,^ Thickness of the metallic rolled material as it exits the rolling stand belonging to the 1st forming process step ^ ∆ℎ ^ = ^^,^ ^^ ^^,^ ^ ^^,^ Relative thickness reduction of an i-th forming process step ∆ℎ ^ = ^ ^^,^ Relative thickness reduction of the k-th forming process step; normalized relative thickness reduction of an i- forming process step

Claims

1. Page 58 / 69 P80997DE Claims 1. Operating method for a rolling mill (10), preferably a hot rolling mill, comprising at least one rolling stand (12), preferably two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or more rolling stands (12), for forming a metallic rolled stock (1), in particular a hot strip, by means of at least 2 forming process steps in which the metallic rolled stock (1) passes through a rolling stand (12), in particular by means of at least 3, 4, 5, 6 or more forming process steps, wherein a 1-th forming process step is selected from a set of 1 to 1 forming process steps to a relative di- 1 ^^, ^^ ckenabnahme ∆ℎ ^ = ^ ^^,^ of the metallic rolled material (1) un- the action of a rolling stand (12) or the metallic rolled material (1) passes through a rolling stand (12) whereby no relative decrease in thickness occurs, wherein the metallic rolled material (1) has a thickness h ^^,^ approaching a rolling stand (12) and with a thickness ℎ ^^,^ proceeds;- wherein a (^ − 1)-th forming process step is arranged temporally before the ^-th forming process step, in particular wherein a (^ − 2)-th forming process step is arranged temporally before the (^ − 1)-th forming process step, in particular wherein a (^ − 3)-th forming process step is arranged temporally before the (^ − 2)-th forming process step;- wherein the operating procedure has a k-th forming process step from a set of ^ = 1 to ^ forming process steps, wherein the ^-th forming process step is characterized by the fact that the ^-th forming process step has the greatest relative thickness reduction from the set of ^ = 1 to ^ of the forming processes- exhibits racing steps; Page 59 / 69 P80997DE - where a normalized relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step is derived from the quotient of the relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ∆ℎ ^ and the relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ∆ℎ^ results, wherein the normalized relative thickness reduction of the ^-th forming process step ‖∆ℎ^‖ = 0 if no thickness reduction of the metallic rolled material (1) occurs in the ^-th forming process step; wherein the operating method is characterized in that- for a relative thickness reduction > 0 of the (^ − 1)-th transformation process step with a normalized relative decrease in thickness The (^ − 1)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step; or for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ > 0 of the (^ − 2)-th forming process step, ∆ℎ ^^,^^^ ^^ forming process step m ^^,^^^ ^^^ = ^at a re- ^^,^^^ relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ ‖ =∆^ ^^^ ^^^ ∆^ ^ of the (^ − 2)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step; or - for a relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ > 0 of the (^ − 3)-th forming process step with ∆ℎ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^,^^^ ^^^ = ^at a re- ^^,^^^ relative thickness reduction ∆ℎ^^^ = 0 of the (^ − 1)-th forming process step and with a relative thickness- abnahme = 0 of the (^ − 2)-th Page 60 / 69 P80997DE a normalized relative thickness decrease ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ =∆^ ^^^ ∆^ ^ 2. Operating method according to claim 1 comprising greater than or equal to 3 forming process steps, wherein a (^ + 1)-th forming process step is arranged after the ^-th forming process step, characterized in that a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ = with ∆ℎ^^^ 1)-th forming process step less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction‖∆ℎ^‖ of the ^-th forming process step, preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01.

3. Operating method according to claim 2 comprising greater than or equal to 4 forming process steps, wherein a (^ + 2)-th forming process step is arranged after the (^ + 1)-th forming process step, characterized in that Page 61 / 69 P80997DE - a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ ∆^ ^ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^,^^ ^^^‖ = ^^^∆^ ^ with ∆ℎ ^^^ = ^ ^ des^^,^^^ (^ + 2)-th forming process step is less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ + 1)-th forming process step, preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^‖ less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01.

4. Operating method according to claim 3 comprising greater than or equal to ^ = 5 forming process steps, wherein a (^ + 3)-th forming process step is arranged after the (^ + 2)-th forming process step, characterized in that a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ ‖ = ^ ^^ ^^ ∆ℎ,^^^ ^^,^^^ ^^^ = ^of the (^ + 3)-th forming process step ^^,^^^ less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ + 2)-th forming process step, preferably a ratio of the normalized relative Di- ckenabnehmen ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or Page 62 / 69 P80997DE ∆ ^ - a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions‖ ^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or normalized relative thickness reductions ∆ - a ratio of the^ ^^^ ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01.

5. Operating method according to claim 3 comprising greater than or equal to ^ = 6 forming process steps, wherein a (^ + 4)-th forming process step is arranged after the (^ + 3)-th forming process step, characterized in that a normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ = ^ ∆ℎ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^,^^^ ^^^ = ^of the (^ + 4)-th forming process step ^^,^^^less than or equal to the normalized relative thickness reduction ‖∆ℎ^^^‖ of the (^ + 3)-th forming process step, preferably a ratio of the normalized relative dimensions ‖∆^ men ^ ‖ ckenabnah ^^ ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01.

6. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Page 63 / 69 P80997DE - the operating procedure includes a (^ − 2)-th forming process step with a normalized relative thickness reduction^ it ∆ℎ ^^,^ ^^ m ^^ ^^,^^^ ^^ = exhibits; ^ ^ ^^,^^^ and - preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.

01.

7. Operating method according to claim 6, characterized in that the operating method includes a (^ − 3)-th forming process step with a normalized relative thickness reduction^ ^^ with ^^,^^^ ∆ℎ ^^^ = ^^,^^^and - preferably a ratio of the normalized relative ‖∆^ ‖ thickness reductions ^^^ ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or - preferably - a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions less than or equal to 1.0, less than or equal to 0.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.01.

8. Operating method according to claim 7, characterized in that Page 64 / 69 P80997DE - the operating procedure includes a (^ − 4)-th forming process step with a normalized relative thickness reduction and - preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 6.0; and / or preferably a ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions less than or equal to 1.0, preferably less than or equal to 0.2 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.01.

9. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ratio of the normalized re- For the reduction in thickness ‖∆^ less than or equal to 0.99, be- ^‖preferably less than or equal to 0.2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.01.

10. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims comprising at least ^ + 1 forming process steps, characterized in that the metallic rolled stock (1) passes through a rolling stand (12) in a ^-th forming process step from a quantity of ^ = 1 to ^ forming process steps, preferably from a quantity of ^ = 2 to ^ forming process steps and further preferably from a quantity of ^ = 3 to ^ forming process steps, wherein the metallic rolled stock (1) does not undergo a normalized relative thickness change in the ^-th forming process step. Page 65 / 69 P80997DE11. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, in particular operating method according to claim 10, comprising at least 1 forming process steps, characterized in that the metallic rolled stock (1) passes through a rolling stand (12) in a 1-th forming process step from a set of 1 = 1 to 1 forming process steps, wherein the 1-th forming process step is not equal to the 1-th forming process step, preferably from a set of 2 = 2 to 1 forming process steps and further preferably from a set of 3 = 3 to 1 forming process steps, wherein the metallic rolled stock (1) does not undergo a normalized relative thickness change in the 1-th forming process step. with ∆ℎ = ^^,^ ^^,^ learns. ^ ^ ^^,^12. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two forming process steps are carried out by a rolling stand (12), preferably by means of a reversal of the direction of the rolled material (1) within the rolling plant (10), in particular three, four, five or more forming process steps.

13. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of forming process steps are carried out by means of at least two, in particular three, four, five, six, seven or more, rolling stands (12) arranged directly adjacent to one another, without reversing the direction of the rolled material (1).

14. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a microstructure parameter, preferably a grain size, a recrystallized volume fraction and / or a phase fraction, of the metallic rolled material (1) is measured, preferably after the nth forming process step. Page 66 / 69 P80997DE15. Operating method according to claim 14, characterized in that a ratio of two normalized relative thickness reductions is selected depending on at least one microstructure parameter, in particular the ratio of the normalized relative di- ckenabnehmen ‖∆^ ^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized rela- tive thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the standardized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ^^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio ∆ ^ the standardized relative thickness reductions ‖ ^^^ ‖ ‖ ∆^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions 16. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nth forming process step corresponds to or is downstream of the 3rd forming process step, preferably the 4th forming process step, and particularly preferably the 5th forming process step.

17. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the i-th forming process step corresponds to or is upstream of the 7th forming process step, preferably the 6th forming process step, and particularly preferably the 5th forming process step.

18. Control device (20) configured for carrying out an operating method for operating a rolling mill (10) for rolling a metallic rolled material (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Page 67 / 69 P80997DE19. Control device (20) according to claim 18, characterized in that the control device (20) has at least one process model (22) for determining a stitch plan for forming process steps.

20. Control device (20) according to one of claims 18 or 19, characterized in that the control device (20) has at least one process model (24) for determining a temperature profile and / or a forming profile and / or a buckling resistance, in particular the temperature profile before a forming process step, between two forming process steps and / or after a forming process step. 21.Control device (20) according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the control device (20) is data-connected to a sensor (25) for a microstructure parameter, in particular to a sensor for a grain size, a recrystallized volume fraction and / or a phase fraction, and data from the sensor are used to set a ratio of two normalized relative thickness reductions, in particular. dere the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ∆^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖ ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative Thickness reductions ‖∆^ ^^^ ‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions ^^^ ‖∆^ ^‖ and / or the ratio of the normalized relative thickness reductions and / or the ratio the standardized relative thickness reductions and / or the loss- ratio of the standardized relative thickness reductions Page 68 / 69 P80997DE22. Rolling mill (10) for rolling a metallic rolled material (1) comprising a control device (20) according to one of claims 18 to 21.

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