Terminal, network device, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method

Abstract

This terminal comprises: a control unit for executing an operation corresponding to a model that can be used as a model related to artificial intelligence or machine learning; and a reception unit that receives setting information related to a handover from a source cell to a target cell. The control unit uses the setting information related to the handover as a basis to determine an operation corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell.

Description

Terminal, network device, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a network device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that support a UE-side model related to AI / ML technology.

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP: registered trademark) is developing specifications for the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G, also known as New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)). 3GPP is also developing specifications for the next generation, known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0003] Furthermore, 3GPP is studying a framework for RAN (Radio Access Network) realized by AI (Artificial Intelligence) (AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning) technology) (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] “New WID on Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Machine Learning (ML) for NR Air Interface”, RP-234039, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, 3GPP, December 2023

[0005] In the above-mentioned AI / ML technology, functions such as model training, inference, performance monitoring, and data collection are assumed to be implemented as a UE-side model on the UE side and a NW-side model on the NW side.

[0006] Against this background, the inventors, after careful consideration, have found the need to clarify how an AI model or AI functionality available in the UE-side model should be applied in the target cell when a handover occurs in a case where the UE-side model is adopted.

[0007] Therefore, the present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a terminal, a network device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that enable appropriate operation of a UE-side model related to AI / ML technology even when a handover occurs.

[0008] The disclosed aspect is a terminal comprising: a control unit that executes an operation corresponding to a model that can be used as a model for artificial intelligence or machine learning; and a receiving unit that receives configuration information regarding a handover from a source cell to a target cell, wherein the control unit determines an operation corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell based on the configuration information regarding the handover.

[0009] The disclosed aspect is a network device comprising: a transmitter that transmits configuration information regarding a handover from a source cell to a target cell; and a controller that instructs an operation corresponding to a model to be applied in the target cell based on the configuration information regarding the handover, wherein the model is a model that can be used in a terminal as a model related to artificial intelligence or machine learning.

[0010] An aspect of the disclosure is a wireless communication system comprising a terminal and a network device provided in a network, wherein the terminal comprises a control unit that executes operations corresponding to a model that can be used as a model for artificial intelligence or machine learning, and the network device instructs operations corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell using configuration information regarding handover from the source cell to a target cell.

[0011] An aspect of the disclosure is a wireless communication method comprising the steps of: performing an operation corresponding to a model available as a model for artificial intelligence or machine learning; receiving configuration information regarding a handover from a source cell to a target cell; and determining an operation corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell based on the configuration information regarding the handover.

[0012] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overall schematic configuration of a wireless communication system 10. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating frequency ranges used in a cellular network. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of radio frames, subframes, and slots used in a cellular network. FIG. 4 is a functional block configuration diagram of a UE 200. FIG. 5 is a functional block configuration diagram of a network device 50. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an AI / ML model. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating Operation Example 3. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating Operation Example 3. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating Operation Example 3. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Operation Example 3. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating Operation Example 3. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating Operation Example 3. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating Operation Example 3. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating Modification Example 3. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating Modification Example 4. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a gNB 100 and a UE 200. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a vehicle 2001.

[0013] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the same or similar reference numerals are used to designate the same functions or configurations, and descriptions thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

[0014] [Embodiment] (1) Overall Schematic Configuration of Wireless Communication System Fig. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a wireless communication system 10 according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 10 includes a terminal 200 (hereinafter referred to as UE (User Equipment) 200), a first network 10A, and a second network 10B.

[0015] The first network 10A has a radio access network 20A and a core network 30A. The radio access network 20A includes a base station 100A that performs radio communication with the UE 200. Note that the first network 10A may not have the radio access network 20A but may have the base station 100A. The first network 10A may not have the core network 30A. The base station 100A may be configured by a DU (Distributed Unit) and a CU (Central Unit). The DU may perform processing of layers below the MAC layer. The CU may perform processing above the PDCP layer.

[0016] The first network 10A may be a network conforming to a new technology (6G). 6G may be referred to as Beyond 5G or 5G Evolution. The first network 10A may be a network conforming to an existing technology (5G). 5G may be referred to as 5G New Radio (NR).

[0017] The second network 10B has a radio access network 20B and a core network 30B. The radio access network 20B includes a base station 100B that performs radio communication with the UE 200. Note that the second network 10B may not have the radio access network 20B but may have the base station 100B. The second network 10B may not have the core network 30B. The base station 100B may be configured by a DU and a CU.

[0018] The second network 10B may be a network conforming to existing technology (5G), which may be referred to as 5G New Radio (NR). The second network 10B may be a network conforming to new technology (6G), which may be referred to as Beyond 5G or 5G Evolution.

[0019] Here, the first network 10A and the second network 10B may have different radio access schemes. For example, the radio access scheme may be a cellular network radio access scheme called 5G, Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, 6G, or the like.

[0020] First, the cellular network may support multiple frequency ranges (FR) as shown in Figure 2. For example, as shown in Figure 2, the cellular network may support FR1 and FR2. The frequency bands of each FR are as follows:

[0021] ・FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz ・FR2-1: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz ・FR2-2: Over 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz FR1 may use a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15, 30, or 60 kHz and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1 and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz) and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0022] Furthermore, cellular networks may also support higher frequency bands than the FR2 frequency band, specifically, frequency bands above 52.6 GHz up to 71 GHz or 114.25 GHz.

[0023] Second, the cellular network may correspond to the radio frames, subframes and slots shown in FIG.

[0024] As shown in Figure 3, one slot consists of 14 symbols, and the larger (wider) the SCS, the shorter the symbol period (and slot period). In addition to 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz, the SCS may also use 480 kHz, 960 kHz, etc.

[0025] Furthermore, the number of symbols constituting one slot does not necessarily have to be 14 (for example, 28 symbols or 56 symbols). Furthermore, the number of slots per subframe may differ depending on the SCS.

[0026] The time direction (t) shown in Fig. 3 may be called a time domain, a symbol period, a symbol time, etc. The frequency direction may be called a frequency domain, a resource block, a subcarrier, a bandwidth part (BWP), etc.

[0027] (2) Functional Block Configuration of Wireless Communication System The functional block configuration of the wireless communication system 10 will be described below.

[0028] First, the functional block configuration of the UE 200 will be described.

[0029] Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of UE 200. As shown in Fig. 4, UE 200 includes radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210, amplifier unit 220, modem unit 230, control signal / reference signal processing unit 240, encoding / decoding unit 250, data transmitting / receiving unit 260, and control unit 270.

[0030] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 transmits and receives radio signals conforming to 5G or 6G. The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 supports Massive MIMO, CA that uses a bundle of multiple CCs, and DC that simultaneously communicates between a UE and two NG-RAN nodes.

[0031] The amplifier unit 220 is configured by a PA (Power Amplifier) / LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), etc. The amplifier unit 220 amplifies the signal output from the modulation / demodulation unit 230 to a predetermined power level. The amplifier unit 220 also amplifies the RF signal output from the radio signal transmission / reception unit 210.

[0032] The modem unit 230 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmission power setting, resource block allocation, etc. for each predetermined communication destination (gNB 100 or another gNB). The modem unit 230 may apply Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) / Discrete Fourier Transform - Spread (DFT-S-OFDM). Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM may be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0033] The control signal and reference signal processor 240 executes processing related to various control signals transmitted and received by the UE 200 and processing related to various reference signals transmitted and received by the UE 200 .

[0034] Specifically, the control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 receives various control signals, for example, control signals of a radio resource control layer (RRC), transmitted via a predetermined control channel from the gNB 100. In addition, the control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 transmits various control signals to the gNB 100 via a predetermined control channel.

[0035] The control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing using reference signals (RS) such as a Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) and a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS).

[0036] DM-RS is a terminal-specific reference signal (pilot signal) known between the base station and the terminal to estimate the fading channel used for data demodulation. PT-RS is a terminal-specific reference signal intended to estimate phase noise, which is an issue in high frequency bands.

[0037] In addition to DM-RS and PT-RS, the reference signals may also include a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for location information.

[0038] The channels include control channels and data channels, such as a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), a RACH (Random Access Channel), a Downlink Control Information (DCI) including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).

[0039] Furthermore, the data channel includes a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel). Data refers to data transmitted via the data channel. The data channel may be interpreted as a shared channel.

[0040] Here, the control signal and reference signal processor 240 may receive downlink control information (DCI). The DCI includes existing fields for storing DCI Formats, Carrier indicator (CI), BWP indicator, FDRA (Frequency Domain Resource Assignment), TDRA (Time Domain Resource Assignment), MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme), HPN (HARQ Process Number), NDI (New Data Indicator), RV (Redundancy Version), and the like.

[0041] The value stored in the DCI Format field is an information element that specifies the format of the DCI. The value stored in the CI field is an information element that specifies the CC to which the DCI applies. The value stored in the BWP indicator field is an information element that specifies the BWP to which the DCI applies. The BWP that can be specified by the BWP indicator is set by an information element (BandwidthPart-Config) included in the RRC message. The value stored in the FDRA field is an information element that specifies the frequency domain resource to which the DCI applies. The frequency domain resource is identified by the value stored in the FDRA field and an information element (RA Type) included in the RRC message. The value stored in the TDRA field is an information element that specifies the time domain resource to which the DCI applies. The time domain resource is identified by the value stored in the TDRA field and information elements (pdsch-TimeDomainAllocationList, pusch-TimeDomainAllocationList) included in the RRC message. The time domain resource may be identified by the value stored in the TDRA field and a default table. The value stored in the MCS field is an information element that specifies the MCS to which the DCI applies. The MCS is identified by the value stored in the MCS and an MCS table. The MCS table may be specified by an RRC message or may be determined by RNTI scrambling. The value stored in the HPN field is an information element that specifies the HARQ process to which the DCI is applied. The value stored in the NDI field is an information element for specifying whether the data to which the DCI is applied is initial transmission data. The value stored in the RV field is an information element that specifies the redundancy of the data to which the DCI is applied.

[0042] The encoding / decoding unit 250 performs data division / concatenation and channel coding / decoding for each predetermined communication destination (gNB100 or another gNB).

[0043] Specifically, the encoding / decoding unit 250 divides the data output from the data transmitting / receiving unit 260 into pieces of a predetermined size, performs channel coding on the divided data, decodes the data output from the modem unit 230, and concatenates the decoded data.

[0044] The data transmitter / receiver 260 transmits and receives Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and Service Data Units (SDUs). Specifically, the data transmitter / receiver 260 assembles and disassembles PDUs / SDUs in multiple layers (such as a Medium Access Control layer (MAC), a Radio Link Control layer (RLC), and a Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer (PDCP)). The data transmitter / receiver 260 also performs data error correction and retransmission control based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).

[0045] The control unit 270 controls each functional block constituting the UE 200. In the embodiment, the control unit 270 may be configured as a control unit that executes an operation corresponding to a model that can be used as a model related to artificial intelligence or machine learning (hereinafter, referred to as an AI / ML model). The control unit 270 may determine an operation corresponding to the AI / ML model to be applied in the target cell based on setting information related to handover.

[0046] In an embodiment, the radio signal transceiver 210 may be configured as a receiver that receives configuration information (HO command) related to handover from a source cell to a target cell. The HO command may be included in a higher layer message (e.g., RRC reconfiguration).

[0047] Second, the functional block configuration of the network device 50 will be described. For example, the network device 50 is provided in the first network 10A or the second network 10B. That is, the network device 50 may be the base station 100A, may be a CU that constitutes part of the base station 100A, or may be a DU that constitutes part of the base station 100A. The network device 50 may be the base station 100B, may be a CU that constitutes part of the base station 100B, or may be a DU that constitutes part of the base station 100B.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 5, the network device 50 includes a receiving unit 51 , a transmitting unit 52 , and a control unit 53 .

[0049] The receiver 51 receives various signals from the UE 200. The receiver 51 may receive a control signal (PUCCH) or a data signal (PUSCH).

[0050] The receiving unit 51 may receive model-related information related to a model available in the UE 200. When the network device 50 is a device (gNB, CU, DU, etc.) related to a source cell, the receiving unit 51 may receive the model-related information from the UE 200. When the network device 50 is a device (gNB, CU, DU, etc.) related to a target cell, the receiving unit 51 may receive the model-related information from the source cell.

[0051] The transmitter 52 transmits various signals to the UE 200. The transmitter 52 may transmit a control signal (PDCCH) or a data signal (PDSCH).

[0052] In an embodiment, the transmitter 52 may constitute a transmitter that transmits configuration information related to handover from a source cell to a target cell.

[0053] The control unit 53 controls each block constituting the network device 50. The control unit 53 may be configured as a control unit that instructs an operation corresponding to a model (AI / ML model) to be applied in a target cell based on setting information related to handover.

[0054] (3) AI / ML Model The AI / ML model will be described below. The AI / ML model may be used to measure (predict) the above-mentioned slice-related prediction information.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 6, an AI / ML model may include functions such as data collection, model training, model interface, model management / performance monitoring, and model storage.

[0056] Data collection collects model input data used to measure (predict) predictive information. Data collection outputs input data (Training Data) to Model training. Data collection outputs input data (Monitoring Data) to Model Management / Performance monitoring. Data collection outputs input data (Interface Data) to Model Interface.

[0057] Model training performs training, validation, testing, etc. of a model used to measure (predict) predictive information based on training data. Model training may also perform pre-processing such as cleaning, formatting, and conversion of training data. Model training outputs the trained or updated model to model storage.

[0058] The Model Interface uses a model retrieved from the Model storage to output prediction information (Output) corresponding to input data (Interface Data). The Model Interface may also output the prediction information (Output) as feedback to Model Management / Performance monitoring.

[0059] Model Management / Performance Monitoring outputs information (Model Interface Control) to the Model Interface that is used to identify the model used in the Model Interface. Identification may also be referred to as Activate, Deactivate, Select, Switch, Fallback, etc. Model Management / Performance Monitoring outputs information (Model training control) to Model Training that is used to retrain or update the model based on input data (Monitoring Data) and prediction information (Output).

[0060] The Model storage stores the model output from Model training. The Model storage outputs the stored model to the Model Interface. The output of the model may also be referred to as Model deliver / transfer.

[0061] (4) Issues In the AI / ML technology described above, functions such as model training, inference, performance monitoring, and data collection are expected to be implemented as a UE-side model on the UE side and a NW-side model on the NW side.

[0062] Against this background, the inventors, after careful consideration, have found the need to clarify how an AI model or AI functionality available in the UE-side model should be applied in the target cell when a handover occurs in a case where the UE-side model is adopted.

[0063] (5) Operation Example To solve the above-described problem, the following operation may be performed. Specifically, the UE 200 transmits model-related information regarding an AI / ML model available to the UE 200 to the network device 50.

[0064] Here, in a handover from a source cell to a target cell, the UE 200 may transition an operation corresponding to an AI / ML model available in the UE 200 to a deactivated state (deactivate state) as a default operation (pattern 1). In a handover from a source cell to a target cell, the UE 200 may maintain an operation corresponding to an AI / ML model available in the UE 200 in an activated state (activate state) as a default operation (pattern 2). The default operation is an operation that is applied when no particular instruction is given from the NW.

[0065] The operation corresponding to the AI / ML model available to UE200 may be interpreted as the operation corresponding to the AI / ML model executed by UE200 in the source cell (a certain environment), or as the operation corresponding to the AI / ML model that is in the Activate state in the source cell (a certain environment).

[0066] As an example of the operation, the following operation example is conceivable.

[0067] (5-1) Operation Example 1 In Operation Example 1, a source cell (such as a source gNB) may transmit model-related information to a target cell (such as a target gNB). The model-related information may be included in a Handover request. The following options may be considered as the model-related information.

[0068] In option 1-1, the model-related information may include information (Model ID) for identifying an AI / ML model available in the UE 200. The model-related information may include information (Model ID) for identifying an AI / ML model in an Activated state in the UE 200. The Model ID is information for identifying a specific AI / ML model that the UE 200 has.

[0069] In option 1-2, the model-related information may include information (functionality index) that identifies functionality realized by an AI / ML model available in the UE 200. The model-related information may include information (functionality index) that identifies functionality realized by an AI / ML model that is in an Activate state in the UE 200. The Model ID is information that identifies an AI / ML model that the UE 200 has.

[0070] Functionality may be considered to be coarser-grained than the AI / ML model. For example, functionality may be a predictive function for beam management. The AI / ML model may be a predictive model for the time domain of beam management, a predictive model for the spatial domain of beam management, etc.

[0071] In Options 1-3, the model-related information may include information (hereinafter, environmental information) about the environment of the AI / ML model available to UE 200 (the AI / ML model in the Activated state in UE 200). The environmental information may include one or more pieces of information selected from the frequency, propagation environment, beam information (such as a beam codebook), positioning information, information about neighboring cells, and information about neighboring gNBs. The environmental information may be interpreted as information about the configuration of the AI / ML model (installation information).

[0072] In the first operation example, the UE 200 may transmit model-related information to a source cell (such as a source gNB). The model-related information transmitted from the UE 200 may include at least one of a Model ID and a Functionality index. The model-related information transmitted from the UE 200 may include environmental information, or may not include environmental information. The model-related information transmitted from the UE 200 may be included in an RRC reconfiguration complete, a MAC CE, or a UCI.

[0073] (5-2) Operation Example 2 In operation example 2, the target cell (target gNB) transmits, to the source cell (such as the source gNB), information (hereinafter, instruction information) instructing the operation corresponding to the AI / ML model executed by the UE 200 in the target cell. The instruction information may be included in an HO command. The HO command may be included in an HO request Ack.

[0074] In operation example 2, the source cell (e.g., source gNB) transmits, to the UE 200, information (instruction information) instructing the UE 200 to perform an operation corresponding to an AI / ML model executed by the UE 200 in the target cell. The instruction information may be included in an HO command. The HO command may be included in an RRC reconfiguration. The instruction information may be included in a MAC CE or a DCI.

[0075] Operation Example 2 may be based on the above-described Operation Example 1. As Operation Example 2, the following options are possible.

[0076] In option 2-1, pattern 1 may be assumed. That is, a case may be assumed in which the default operation is to transition the operation corresponding to the AI / ML model available in UE 200 to the Deactivate state. In such a case, the target cell (target gNB) may transmit instruction information instructing the operation to transition to the Activate state. The instruction information may include at least one of a Model ID and a Functionality index instructing Activate.

[0077] The UE 200 may continue the operations that were in the Activate state in the source cell and for which the Activate instruction was given, or may stop the operations that were in the Activate state in the source cell and for which the Activate instruction was not given.

[0078] In option 2-1, the target cell (target gNB) may identify operations to be maintained in the Activate state based on environmental information received from the source cell (e.g., source gNB). The target cell (target gNB) may determine that an operation should be maintained in the Activate state if the target cell's environmental information for the operation is similar to the source cell's environmental information.

[0079] In option 2-2, pattern 2 may be assumed. That is, a case may be assumed in which the default operation is to maintain the operation corresponding to the AI / ML model available in UE 200 in the Activate state. In such a case, the target cell (target gNB) may transmit instruction information instructing the operation to transition to the Deactivate state. The instruction information may include at least one of a Model ID and a Functionality index instructing Deactivate.

[0080] The UE 200 may stop operations that have been in the Activated state in the source cell and have been instructed to be Deactivated, or may continue operations that have been in the Activated state in the source cell and have not been instructed to be Deactivated.

[0081] In option 2-2, the target cell (target gNB) may identify an operation to be transitioned to the Deactivate state based on environmental information received from the source cell (e.g., source gNB). The target cell (target gNB) may determine that an operation should be transitioned to the Deactivate state if the target cell's environmental information for the operation differs from the source cell's environmental information.

[0082] In the second operation example, the UE 200 may transmit model-related information to the target cell (target gNB). The model-related information transmitted from the UE 200 may include at least one of a Model ID and a Functionality index. The model-related information transmitted from the UE 200 may include environmental information, or may not include environmental information. The model-related information transmitted from the UE 200 may be included in an RRC reconfiguration complete, a MAC CE, or a UCI.

[0083] (5-3) Operation Example 3 In Operation Example 3, an example of model-related information and instruction information will be described. Operation Example 3 may be based on Operation Examples 1 and 2. The following options are possible for Operation Example 3.

[0084] In option 3-1, as shown in Fig. 7, the RRC reconfiguration transmitted from the source cell (source gNB) to the UE 200 may include a new parameter (RRCReconfiguration-v1900). RRCReconfiguration-v1900 is an example of indication information.

[0085] In Option 3-1, RRCReconfiguration-v1900 may include ai-ActivationKeep-r19. ai-ActivationKeep-r19 is information instructing maintenance of the Activated state for all Model IDs or Functionality indexes.

[0086] In such a case, the UE 200 may perform the following operations: When the RRC reconfiguration includes ai-ActivationKeep-r19, the UE 200 may maintain the Active state of each activated functionality. When the RRC reconfiguration does not include ai-ActivationKeep-r19, the UE 200 may transition the Deactive state of each activated functionality.

[0087] Note that, when Pattern 2 is assumed, ai-ActivationKeep-r19 is information that instructs transition to the Deactivate state for all Model IDs or Functionality indexes. When Pattern 2 is assumed, ai-ActivationKeep-r19 may be read as ai-Deactivation-r19 or the like.

[0088] In such a case, the UE 200 may perform the following operations: When the RRC reconfiguration includes ai-Deactivation-r19, the UE 200 may transition to a Deactive state of functionality for each activated functionality. When the RRC reconfiguration does not include ai-Deactivation-r19, the UE 200 may maintain an Active state of functionality for each activated functionality.

[0089] In option 3-2, as shown in Fig. 8, the RRC reconfiguration transmitted from the source cell (source gNB) to the UE 200 may include a new parameter (RRCReconfiguration-v1900). RRCReconfiguration-v1900 is an example of indication information.

[0090] In Option 3-2, ai-ActivationKeep-r19 may include activeFunctionalityToAddModList-r19 when Pattern 1 is assumed. activeFunctionalityToAddModList-r19 is information that individually instructs maintaining the Activate state for each Model ID or Functionality index.

[0091] In such a case, the UE 200 may perform the following operations: When the RRC reconfiguration includes ai-ActivationKeep-r19, the UE 200 may maintain the Active state of the Functionality for each Functionality setting included in activeFunctionalityToAddModList-r19. When the RRC reconfiguration includes ai-ActivationKeep-r19, the UE 200 may transition each activated Functionality to the Deactive state for each Functionality setting not included in activeFunctionalityToAddModList-r19.

[0092] In Option 3-2, ai-ActivationKeep-r19 may include activeFunctionalityToReleaseList-r19 when Pattern 2 is assumed. activeFunctionalityToReleaseList-r19 is information that individually instructs the transition to the Deactivate state for each Model ID or Functionality index.

[0093] In such a case, the UE 200 may perform the following operations: When the RRC reconfiguration includes ai-ActivationKeep-r19, the UE 200 may transition the functionality of each of the functionality settings included in activeFunctionalityToReleaseList-r19 to a Deactive state. When the RRC reconfiguration includes ai-ActivationKeep-r19, the UE 200 may maintain the functionality of each activated functionality of each of the functionality settings not included in activeFunctionalityToReleaseList-r19 in an Active state.

[0094] In option 3-3, as shown in FIG. 9, the HO request sent from the source cell (such as a source gNB) to the target cell (such as a target gNB) may include an Activated AI functionality List. The Activated AI functionality List is a list of Activated AI functionality Items. The Activated AI functionality Item is an Activated AI functionality. The Activated AI functionality List is an example of model-related information. The Activated AI functionality is an example of a Model ID or a Functionality index.

[0095] In Option 3-4, as shown in Figure 10, when Pattern 1 is assumed, the HO request Ack transmitted from the target cell (target gNB) to the source cell (source gNB, etc.) may include an Activated AI functionality Keep indication. The Activated AI functionality Keep indication is information instructing maintenance of the Activated state for all Model IDs or Functionality indexes. The Activated AI functionality Keep indication is an example of instruction information.

[0096] In option 3-4, pattern 2 may be assumed. In such a case, the HO request Ack may include information (Indication) instructing a transition to the Deactivate state for all Model IDs or Functionality indexes.

[0097] In Option 3-5, as shown in FIG. 11 , when Pattern 1 is assumed, the HO request Ack sent from the target cell (target gNB) to the source cell (source gNB, etc.) may include an Activated AI functionality kept list. The Activated AI functionality kept list is a list of Activated AI functionality kept items. The Activated AI functionality kept item is the Activated AI functionality kept. The Activated AI functionality kept list is information that individually instructs the maintenance of the Activated state for each of all Model IDs or Functionality indexes. The Activated AI functionality kept list is an example of instruction information.

[0098] In options 3-5, pattern 2 may be assumed. In such a case, the HO request Ack may include information (List) that individually instructs a transition to the Deactivate state for each Model ID or Functionality index.

[0099] In Option 3-6, as shown in Fig. 12, when Pattern 1 is assumed, the MAC CE transmitted from the source cell (such as the source gNB) to the UE 200 may include Activated AI functionality Keep. The Activated AI functionality Keep is information instructing that the Activated state be maintained for all Model IDs or Functionality indexes. The Activated AI functionality Keep is an example of instruction information.

[0100] In Options 3-6, Pattern 2 may be assumed. In such a case, the MAC CE may include information (Indication) instructing a transition to the Deactivate state for all Model IDs or Functionality indexes.

[0101] In Option 3-7, as shown in Figure 13 or 14, when Pattern 1 is assumed, the MAC CE transmitted from the source cell (such as the source gNB) to UE 200 may include Activated AI functionality Keep and Model ID / Functionality index. The Activated AI functionality Keep and Model ID / Functionality index are information that individually instructs maintenance of the Activated state for each Model ID or Functionality index. The Activated AI functionality Keep and Model ID / Functionality index are examples of instruction information.

[0102] FIG. 13 shows an example of a case where the Model ID / Functionality index is configured with 7 bits, and FIG. 14 shows an example of a case where the Model ID / Functionality index is configured with 8 bits.

[0103] In options 3-7, pattern 2 may be assumed. In such a case, the MAC CE may include information that individually instructs a transition to the Deactivate state for each Model ID or Functionality index.

[0104] (5-4) Operation Example 4 In Operation Example 4, a series of sequences will be described.

[0105] As shown in FIG. 15, in step S10, the UE transmits a Measurement Report to the Source CU.

[0106] In step S11, the Source CU decides to perform a handover from the source cell to the target cell.

[0107] In step S12, the Source CU sends an HO request to the Target CU. The HO request may include model-related information. For example, the HO request may include the information shown in FIG. 9.

[0108] In step S13, the Target CU sends an HO request Ack to the Source CU. The HO request Ack may include instruction information. For example, the HO request Ack may include the information shown in FIG. 10 or 11.

[0109] In step S14, the Source CU sends an RRC reconfiguration to the UE. The RRC reconfiguration may include instruction information. For example, the RRC reconfiguration may include information shown in FIG. 7 or 8.

[0110] In step S15, the UE applies the configuration indicated in the RRC reconfiguration.

[0111] In step S16, the UE performs a Random Access (RA) procedure to the target cell (Target CU and Target DU).

[0112] In step S17, the UE sends an RRC reconfiguration complete to the target CU. The RRC reconfiguration complete may include model-related information.

[0113] In step S18, the Target CU transmits HO success to the Source CU.

[0114] In step S19, the Source CU transmits an SN (Sequence Number) status transfer to the Target CU.

[0115] In step S20, the Target CU executes a path switch.

[0116] In step S21, the Target CU sends a UE context release to the Source CU.

[0117] (6) Actions and Effects In the embodiment, the UE 200 may determine an operation corresponding to an AI / ML model to be applied in the target cell based on the configuration information related to handover (see FIG. 7 or FIG. 8). With this configuration, the AI ​​model or AI functionality available in the UE-side model can be appropriately applied in the target cell.

[0118] In an embodiment, the source cell (source gNB) transmits to the target cell (target gNB) model-related information (see FIG. 9 ) related to AI / ML models available in the UE 200. With this configuration, the target cell (target gNB) can appropriately determine the operation (AI model or AI functionality) that the UE 200 should perform in the target cell.

[0119] (7) Other Embodiments The present invention has been described above in accordance with the embodiments, but it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to these descriptions and that various modifications and improvements are possible.

[0120] Although the above disclosure mainly describes L3 handover, the above disclosure may be applied to LTM (Lower layer Triggered Mobility), CHO (Conditional Handover), etc. Furthermore, the above disclosure may be applied to RRC re-establishment. In LTM or CHO, the NW may include instruction information in configuration information of a candidate cell to be pre-configured and notify the UE of the configuration information including the instruction information. In LTM or CHO, the UE may notify the NW of model-related information after a cell switch.

[0121] In the above disclosure, Activate may be read as Activation, and Deactivate may be read as Deactivation.

[0122] The block diagrams (FIGS. 4 and 5) used to explain the above-described embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of hardware and / or software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (e.g., wired, wireless, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or multiple devices.

[0123] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how each is implemented.

[0124] Furthermore, the above-described network device 50 and UE 200 (the device) may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the device. As shown in Fig. 16, the device may be configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0125] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the apparatus may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0126] Each functional block of the device (see FIGS. 4 and 5) is realized by any hardware element of the computer device or a combination of the hardware elements.

[0127] In addition, each function of the device is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0128] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system, and may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control unit, an arithmetic unit, and registers.

[0129] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. Furthermore, the various processes described above may be executed by a single processor 1001, or may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0130] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 may store a program (program code), a software module, etc., capable of executing a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0131] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned recording medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other suitable medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0132] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module.

[0133] The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize, for example, at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).

[0134] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0135] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 is connected to a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0136] Furthermore, the device may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0137] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0138] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of a system using Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, a 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), a 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable system, and a next-generation system enhanced based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A and 5G) may also be applied.

[0139] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0140] In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, an MME or an S-GW, etc., but are not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0141] Information, signals (information, etc.) may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0142] The input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, a memory) or may be managed using a management table. The input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added. The output information may be deleted. The input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0143] The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0144] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0145] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0146] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0147] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0148] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0149] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0150] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0151] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0152] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0153] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)).

[0154] The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage area.

[0155] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0156] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0157] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0158] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a mobile station (user terminal, the same applies hereinafter). For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a mobile station is replaced with communication between multiple mobile stations (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the mobile station may be configured to have the functions of a base station. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0159] Similarly, a mobile station in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station may have the functions of a mobile station.

[0160] A radio frame may be made up of one or more frames in the time domain, each of which may be called a subframe.

[0161] A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain, and may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0162] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0163] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.) A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0164] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0165] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0166] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be referred to as a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0167] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station schedules each user terminal to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0168] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0169] In addition, when one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0170] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0171] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0172] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0173] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0174] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0175] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0176] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0177] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0178] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0179] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be variously changed.

[0180] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0181] The reference signal may also be abbreviated as Reference Signal (RS) and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0182] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0183] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0184] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed therein or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0185] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0186] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0187] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0188] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0189] 17 shows an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 17, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0190] The drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor.

[0191] The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0192] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2027 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0193] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2028 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0194] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 1.

[0195] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0196] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 1 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from a driving unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, a microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 2028, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0197] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0198] The communication module 2013 transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, a current signal from the current sensor that is input to the electronic control unit 2010. The communication module 2013 also transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, the rotation speed signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by a rotation speed sensor 2022, the air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by an air pressure sensor 2023, the vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, the acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 2025, the accelerator pedal depression amount signal acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, the brake pedal depression amount signal acquired by a brake pedal sensor 2026, the shift lever operation signal acquired by a shift lever sensor 2027, and the detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 2028, all of which are input to the electronic control unit 2010.

[0199] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle. The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2028, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0200] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0201] (Additional Note) The above disclosure may be expressed as follows.

[0202] A first feature is a terminal that includes a control unit that executes an operation corresponding to a model that can be used as a model related to artificial intelligence or machine learning, and a receiving unit that receives configuration information related to handover from a source cell to a target cell, and the control unit determines an operation corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell based on the configuration information related to the handover.

[0203] A second feature is that, in the terminal of the first feature, the control unit transitions an operation corresponding to a model available in the control unit to a deactivated state as a default operation during handover from the source cell to the target cell.

[0204] A third feature is the terminal of the first feature, wherein, during handover from the source cell to the target cell, the control unit maintains, in an activated state, an operation corresponding to a model available in the control unit as a default operation.

[0205] A fourth feature is a network device comprising: a transmitter that transmits configuration information regarding handover from a source cell to a target cell; and a controller that instructs an operation corresponding to a model to be applied in the target cell based on the configuration information regarding handover, wherein the model is a model that can be used in a terminal as a model related to artificial intelligence or machine learning.

[0206] A fifth feature is a wireless communication system comprising a terminal and a network device provided in a network, wherein the terminal comprises a control unit that executes an operation corresponding to a model that can be used as a model for artificial intelligence or machine learning, and the network device instructs an operation corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell based on configuration information regarding handover from the source cell to a target cell.

[0207] A sixth feature is a wireless communication method comprising: a step of performing an operation corresponding to a model available as a model related to artificial intelligence or machine learning; a step of receiving configuration information related to handover from a source cell to a target cell; and a step of determining an operation corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell based on the configuration information related to handover.

[0208] 10 Wireless communication system 10A First network 10B Second network 20A, 20B Wireless access network 30A, 30B Core network 50 Network device 51 Receiving unit 52 Transmitting unit 53 Control unit 100A, 100B Base station 200 UE 210 Wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 220 Amplifying unit 230 Modulation / demodulation unit 240 Control signal / reference signal processing unit 250 Encoding / decoding unit 260 Data transmitting / receiving unit 270 Control unit 1001 Processor 1002 Memory 1003 Storage 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 1007 Bus 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Left and right front wheels 2008 Left and right rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 RPM sensor 2023 Air pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a control unit that executes an operation corresponding to a model that can be used as a model related to artificial intelligence or machine learning; and a receiving unit that receives configuration information related to handover from a source cell to a target cell, wherein the control unit determines an operation corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell based on the configuration information related to handover.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit transitions an operation corresponding to a model available in the control unit to a deactivated state as a default operation during handover from the source cell to the target cell.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit maintains, as a default operation during handover from the source cell to the target cell, an operation corresponding to a model available in the control unit in an activated state.

4. A network device comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits setting information regarding handover from a source cell to a target cell; and a control unit that instructs an operation corresponding to a model to be applied in the target cell based on the setting information regarding the handover, wherein the model is a model that can be used in a terminal as a model related to artificial intelligence or machine learning.

5. A wireless communication system comprising: a terminal; and a network device provided in a network, wherein the terminal comprises a control unit that executes an operation corresponding to a model that can be used as a model for artificial intelligence or machine learning, and the network device instructs an operation corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell based on configuration information regarding handover from the source cell to a target cell.

6. A wireless communication method comprising the steps of: executing an operation corresponding to a model available as a model for artificial intelligence or machine learning; receiving configuration information regarding handover from a source cell to a target cell; and determining an operation corresponding to the model to be applied in the target cell based on the configuration information regarding handover.

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