Terminal and wireless communication method

Abstract

This terminal executes control using a learning model and transmits, to a network, a message including functionality identification information for identifying functionality corresponding to a state of the learning model.

Description

Terminal and wireless communication method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal and a wireless communication method that utilizes an AI / ML model.

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP: registered trademark) has developed specifications for Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5th generation mobile communication systems (5G, also known as New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)), and is also developing specifications for the next generation, known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0003] 3GPP Release 19 has formulated a work item (WI) on the air interface for artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) models (Non-Patent Document 1). By using AI / ML models, it is possible to achieve terminal (User Equipment, UE) mobility, network-wide load balancing, and optimization of network power consumption.

[0004] Regarding AI / ML models, multiple functionalities according to their states are defined (Non-Patent Document 2). For example, supported functionalities, applicable functionalities, and activated functionalities are defined.

[0005] Supported functionalities may refer to functions that the UE can instruct the network to support by UE capability signaling. Applicable functionalities may refer to functions to which the UE can apply model inference. Activated functionalities may refer to functions that are already activated and performing inference.

[0006] “Revised WID on Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Machine Learning (ML) for NR Air Interface”, RP-240774, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #103, 3GPP, March 2024 “Report of [POST126]

[0032] [AI / ML PHY] LCM (Intel / Samsung)_Phase 2”, 3GPP TSG RAN WG2 Meeting #126, 3GPP, May 2024

[0007] However, the above-mentioned AI / ML model-related functionalities have the following problems: Specifically, the AI / ML model-related functionalities that fall under the categories of Supported functionalities, Applicable functionalities, or Activated functionalities are expected to increase significantly as the scope of application (prediction targets) of AI / ML models expands.

[0008] In addition, as the wireless communication environment between the UE and the radio base station (gNB) changes more rapidly, the amount of information exchanged between the UE and the gNB regarding applicable functionalities or activated functionalities also increases.

[0009] This situation is undesirable as it causes increased signaling overhead between the UE and the gNB.

[0010] Therefore, the following disclosure has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and aims to provide a terminal and a wireless communication method that can support AI / ML model-related functionality while suppressing signaling overhead.

[0011] One aspect of the present disclosure is a terminal (UE200) that includes a control unit (control unit 240) that performs control using a learning model, and a transmission unit (AI / ML model unit 215) that transmits to a network a message including functionality identification information that identifies functionality according to the state of the learning model.

[0012] One aspect of the present disclosure is a radio base station (gNB100) that includes a control unit (control unit 140) that controls the handover of a terminal and a transmission unit (handover / connection processing unit 120) that transmits a message regarding the handover to another radio base station as the handover destination, and the transmission unit transmits the message including at least one of identification information associated with a learning model and model-related information that indicates conditions regarding the learning model.

[0013] One aspect of the present disclosure is a radio base station (gNB100) including a first device and a second device, wherein the first device includes a control unit (control unit 140) that sets the context of a terminal, and a transmission unit (handover / connection processing unit 120) that transmits a message related to the context to the second device, and the transmission unit transmits the message including at least one of identification information associated with a learning model and model-related information indicating conditions related to the learning model.

[0014] One aspect of the present disclosure is a radio base station (gNB100) that includes a control unit (control unit 140) that performs settings related to dual connectivity with a terminal, and a transmission unit (handover / connection processing unit 120) that transmits a message related to the dual connectivity to another radio base station that constitutes a secondary node, wherein the transmission unit is a radio base station (gNB100) that transmits the message including at least one of identification information associated with a learning model and model-related information that indicates conditions related to the learning model.

[0015] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overall schematic configuration of a wireless communication system 10. FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a gNB 100. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a UE 200. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional architecture of an AI / ML model. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control sequence of an AI / ML model between a UE and a gNB. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of application of a functionality ID according to an operation example 1. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of application of a functionality ID according to an operation example 1. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a handover-related sequence according to an operation example 2-1. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE UE Context-related sequence according to an operation example 2-2. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE UE Context-related sequence according to an operation example 2-2. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE UE Context-related sequence according to an operation example 2-2. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a gNB 100 and a UE 200. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001.

[0016] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the same or similar reference numerals are used to designate the same functions or configurations, and descriptions thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

[0017] (1) Overall Schematic Configuration of Wireless Communication System Fig. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a wireless communication system 10 according to this embodiment. The wireless communication system 10 is a wireless communication system conforming to 5G New Radio (NR) and includes a Next Generation-Radio Access Network 20 (hereinafter, NG-RAN 20) and a terminal 200 (User Equipment 200, hereinafter, UE 200).

[0018] The wireless communication system 10 may be a wireless communication system conforming to a standard called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G, or may include a wireless communication system conforming to a standard called Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 4G. The wireless communication system 10 may support functions related to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). The wireless communication system 10 may also be configured using multiple radio access technologies (RATs), for example, 4G / LTE and 5G.

[0019] The NG-RAN 20 includes a radio base station 100 (hereinafter, gNB 100). Note that the specific configuration of the radio communication system 10, including the number of gNBs (or eNBs, etc.) and UEs, is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 1 .

[0020] The gNB 100 may also employ a fronthaul (FH) interface defined by the Open Radio Access Network Alliance (O-RAN). The gNB 100 may include an O-RAN Distributed Unit (O-DU) and an O-RAN Radio Unit (O-RU). The gNB 100 can function as a type of NG-RAN node.

[0021] The NG-RAN 20 actually includes multiple NG-RAN nodes, specifically, gNBs (or ng-eNBs), and is connected to a 5G-compliant core network (5GC, not shown). The 5GC (CN) may introduce the concept of CUPS (Control and User Plane Separation), which clearly separates the functions of the user plane and the control plane.

[0022] The NG-RAN 20 may be connected to the OAM / RIC 40 and the NF 50 via 5GC or directly from the NG-RAN 20. The OAM / RIC 40 can provide functions related to operation and maintenance (OAM) of the wireless communication system 10. The OAM / RIC 40 can also provide functions related to control of the NG-RAN 20 (RIC: RAN Intelligent Controller). Specific functions of the RIC are defined by O-RAN specifications (e.g., O-RAN Architecture-Description 6.0). In this embodiment, the OAM / RIC 40 may constitute an entity that performs operation, maintenance, or control.

[0023] The NF 50 may be interpreted as a logical node that provides a network function. The NF 50 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) that is included in the 5G system architecture and provides access and mobility management functions for the UE 200, a Session Management Function (SMF) that provides session management functions, and a Location Management Function (LMF) that controls communications related to location-based services defined in 5GC. A UDM / UDR (Unified Data Management / User Data Repository) may be connected to the AMF and / or SMF. The NG-RAN 20 and 5GC may be simply referred to as a "network." The OAM / RIC 40 and the NF 50 may be referred to as network devices.

[0024] In addition, the NG-RAN 20 may be connected to a server managed by a 3GPP service provider or a server (3GPP or non-3GPP server) managed by a party other than the provider.

[0025] The gNB100 is a radio base station conforming to NR and performs radio communication conforming to NR with the UE200. The gNB100 may be configured with a CU (Central Unit, first device) and a DU (Distributed Unit, second device), and the DU may be separated from the CU and installed in a different geographical location. One or more DUs may be connected to the CU. The gNB100 (gNB-CU) may be connected to each other via an Xn interface, and the CU and DU may be connected to each other via an F1 interface.

[0026] The gNB 100 and the UE 200 can support Massive MIMO, which generates a more directional beam (BM) by controlling radio signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements, Carrier Aggregation (CA), which aggregates multiple component carriers (CCs), and Dual Connectivity (DC), which simultaneously communicates between the UE and multiple NG-RAN nodes. The UE 200 may also perform handover (HO) to a different RAT. The UE 200 may also perform handover between a serving cell or a neighboring cell.

[0027] The type of DC may be Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) that uses multiple radio access technologies, or NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NR-DC) that uses only NR. For example, one gNB may constitute a master node (MN), and one or more other gNBs may constitute secondary nodes (SNs).

[0028] Any gNB 100 may be included in a master cell group (MCG), and another gNB 100 may be included in a secondary cell group (SCG). The other gNB 100 may be interpreted as an SN included in the SCG. The gNB 100 may also be referred to as a radio base station or a network device.

[0029] The wireless communication system 10 may support conditional handover (CHO). CHO can execute a handover initiated by the UE 200 when a specific execution condition is met. If CHO is not applicable, a normal handover may be executed (which may be called CHO recovery). Furthermore, the wireless communication system 10 may support conditional addition or change (CPAC) of a primary SCell (PSCell). A PSCell is a type of secondary cell. A PSCell means a primary SCell (secondary cell), and may be interpreted as corresponding to any one of multiple SCells.

[0030] The secondary cell may be referred to as a secondary node (SN) or a secondary cell group (SCG). The conditional PSCell addition / change can realize efficient and rapid addition or change of a secondary cell.

[0031] In the wireless communication system 10, not only mobility control of the UE 200 at layer 3 (which may be referred to as L3 Mobility), but also mobility control at layer 1 and / or layer 2 (which may be referred to as L1 / L2 Mobility or LTM) may be applied. L3 Mobility may be interpreted as mobility control at the Radio Resource Control layer (RRC). On the other hand, L1 / L2 Mobility may be interpreted as mobility control at the physical layer (PHY), medium access control layer (MAC), radio link control layer (RLC), and packet data convergence protocol layer (PDCP) (mobility control by a lower layer).

[0032] In addition, in UE-based LTM, like conditional handover (CHO), the UE receives a specific execution condition from the radio base station (gNB), monitors the status according to the execution condition, and if the execution condition is satisfied, it may execute LTM.

[0033] In the wireless communication system 10, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) may be applied in the NG-RAN 20. Specifically, a learning model (herein referred to as an AI / ML model) may be used to optimize the mobility or handover (which may also be read as transition, cell transition, cell selection, etc.) of the UE 200.

[0034] The AI / ML model may be expressed by another term meaning AI or ML, such as an artificial intelligence (AI) model or a machine learning (ML) model. In the wireless communication system 10, such an AI / ML model can be used to optimize the mobility or handover of the UE 200. The AI / ML model may be provided in the OAM / RIC 40 or the gNB 100. Alternatively, the AI / ML model may be provided in the UE 200.

[0035] In this embodiment, a plurality of functionalities may be defined for the AI / ML model depending on the state. Specifically, the following functionalities may be defined:

[0036] Supported functionalities: Functions that the UE can instruct the network by signaling UE capability Applicable functionalities: Functions to which the UE can apply model inference Activated functionalities: Functions that are already activated and performing inference Deactivated functionalities may also be specified. Deactivated functionalities are deactivated functions and may mean functions that are not ready for inference.

[0037] In a broad sense, the mobility of UE200 may mean the ease of movement and maneuverability of UE200, but in this embodiment, it may also mean minimizing call drops, radio link (including beam) failures, unnecessary handovers, ping-pong states, etc.

[0038] In this embodiment, the channels include a control channel and a data channel, such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), a physical random access channel (PRACH), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

[0039] The data channels include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0040] The reference signal includes a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), and a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), and the signal includes a channel and a reference signal. Furthermore, the data may refer to data transmitted via a data channel.

[0041] (2) Functional Block Configuration of Wireless Communication System Next, the functional block configuration of the wireless communication system 10 will be described. Specifically, the functional block configurations of the gNB 100 and the UE 200 will be described. Fig. 2 is a functional block configuration diagram of the gNB 100. Fig. 3 is a functional block configuration diagram of the UE 200.

[0042] (2.1) gNB100 As shown in FIG. 2, the gNB100 includes a wireless communication unit 110, a handover / connection processing unit 120, an AI / ML model unit 130, and a control unit 140.

[0043] The wireless communication unit 110 transmits downlink signals (DL signals) conforming to NR. The wireless communication unit 110 also receives uplink signals (UL signals) conforming to NR. The wireless communication unit 110 may transmit DL signals and receive UL signals using one or more transmission / reception points (TRPs). In this embodiment, a TRP may be interpreted as meaning multiple DL transmission antennas.

[0044] The handover and connection processing unit 120 executes handover of the UE 200. Specifically, the handover and connection processing unit 120 executes handover from a serving cell of the UE 200 to another nearby cell. In addition to the handover, the handover and connection processing unit 120 may also execute transmission and reception of messages related to a context (UE Context) related to the UE 200 used for the UE 200 to connect to a network.

[0045] The serving cell may be simply interpreted as a cell to which the UE 200 is connected, but more precisely, in the case of an RRC_CONNECTED UE (connected state in the radio resource control layer) in which carrier aggregation (CA) is not configured, there is only one serving cell that constitutes the primary cell. In the case of an RRC_CONNECTED UE configured using CA, the serving cell may be interpreted as indicating a set of one or more cells including the primary cell and all secondary cells.

[0046] As described above, the handover may include a conditional handover (CHO) and / or a dual active protocol stack (DAPS) handover. A CHO can execute a handover initiated by the UE 200 when a specific execution condition is met. If a CHO is not applicable, a normal handover (which may be referred to as a CHO recovery) may be executed. In a CHO recovery, the UE 200 executes a cell selection after a CHO failure. If a CHO candidate cell is selected, the UE 200 can directly apply a conditional RRC reconfiguration of the selected cell to reconnect without transmitting an RRC reestablishment request to the candidate target cell.

[0047] The execution condition may consist of one or two trigger conditions (CHO event A3 / A5 specified in 3GPP TS38.331). A single reference signal (RS) type may be triggered, and up to two different trigger quantities (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), RSRP and Signal-to-Interference plus Noise power Ratio (SINR)) may be simultaneously set for the evaluation of the CHO execution condition for a single candidate cell.

[0048] The handover and connection processing unit 120 may transmit a message related to handover to another radio base station (target gNB) that is the handover destination. In this embodiment, the handover and connection processing unit 120 may constitute a transmission unit. Specifically, when the gNB 100 is the source gNB, it may transmit a Handover Preparation Information message (see 3GPP TS38.331) to the target gNB. The Handover Preparation Information may include UE Capability. Note that the handover and connection processing unit 120 may transmit and receive other handover-related messages (e.g., Handover Request, Handover Request Ack, etc.) to and from the target gNB.

[0049] In this case, the handover / connection processing unit 120 may transmit a message (for example, HandoverPreparationInformation) including at least one of identification information associated with the AI / ML model and model-related information indicating conditions related to the AI / ML model.

[0050] Specifically, the message may include an ID (which may be referred to as an associated ID) associated with the AI / ML model. The associated ID is associated with the type or state of the AI / ML model to facilitate ensuring consistency in the settings and states of the AI / ML model between the UE 200 and the gNB 100, and the associated ID can uniquely identify the type or state.

[0051] The model-related information may also include at least one of a network-side additional condition related to the AI / ML model and a UE-side additional condition related to the AI / ML model. The additional condition may be interpreted as any condition applied to training and inference of the AI / ML model. For example, the additional condition may be the moving speed of the UE 200.

[0052] When the gNB 100 has a CU-DU separated configuration, the handover and connection processing unit 120 may send a message related to the context (UE Context) of the UE 200 to the DU (second device). Specifically, the handover and connection processing unit 120 (CU) may send a UE context setup request to the DU. The handover and connection processing unit 120 (CU) may also send a UE context modification request to the DU.

[0053] In this case, the handover / connection processing unit 120 may transmit a message including at least one of identification information associated with the AI / ML model and model-related information indicating conditions related to the AI / ML model, as in the case of handover.

[0054] The handover and connection processing unit 120 may transmit a message related to dual connectivity (DC) to another radio base station constituting a secondary node (SN). Specifically, the handover and connection processing unit 120 may transmit an SN setup request message and an SN modification request to the SN.

[0055] In this case, the handover / connection processing unit 120 may transmit a message including at least one of identification information associated with the AI / ML model and model-related information indicating conditions related to the AI / ML model, as in the case of handover.

[0056] Furthermore, the handover / connection processing unit 120 may transmit a message (which may be any of the messages described above) including functionality identification information that identifies functionality according to the state of the AI / ML model. Specifically, the message may include an ID (which may be called a functionality ID) that can uniquely identify Supported functionalities, Applicable functionalities, Activated functionalities, and Deactivated functionalities.

[0057] The AI / ML model unit 130 executes processing using a learning model (AI / ML model). Specifically, the AI / ML model unit 130 executes processing using an AI / ML model that is applied to optimization of mobility and / or handover of the UE 200, etc.

[0058] In particular, in this embodiment, the AI / ML model unit 130 may perform processes such as training and inference according to the functionality of the AI / ML model. The AI / ML model unit 130 may manage an ID (functionality ID) associated with the functionality and an associated ID associated with the type or state of the AI / ML model.

[0059] The control unit 140 controls each functional block constituting the gNB 100. Specifically, the control unit 140 may control the UE 200 based on the prediction result using the AI / ML model.

[0060] Particularly, in this embodiment, the control unit 140 may control handover (HO) of the UE 200. Specifically, the control unit 140 may transmit and receive the above-described handover-related messages to and from the target gNB, and control handover from the source cell (gNB) to the target cell (gNB). In addition, the control unit 140 may perform settings related to dual connectivity (DC) with the UE 200.

[0061] As described above, the gNB100 may be composed of a CU and a DU, and the control unit 140 (CU) may set the context (UE Context) of the UE200.

[0062] (2.2) UE 200 As shown in FIG. 3 , the UE 200 includes a radio communication unit 210, an AI / ML model unit 215, a measurement processing unit 220, a handover execution unit 230, and a control unit 240.

[0063] The wireless communication unit 210 transmits an uplink signal (UL signal) conforming to NR. The wireless communication unit 210 also receives an uplink signal (DL signal) conforming to NR.

[0064] The AI / ML model unit 215 executes processing using a learning model (AI / ML model). The AI / ML model unit 215 may have the same functions as the AI / ML model unit 130 of the gNB 100. The AI / ML model unit may be provided in either the gNB 100 or the UE 200, or may be provided in both.

[0065] The AI / ML model unit 215 may transmit a message to the network including functionality identification information (functionality ID) that identifies functionality according to the state of the AI / ML model. For example, the AI / ML model unit 215 may transmit UE Assistance Information including the functionality ID to the gNB100. The UE Assistance Information may be transmitted to the gNB100 in response to RRC Reconfiguration from the gNB100. Note that the functionality ID may be included in a message other than the UE Assistance Information. Furthermore, the functionality ID may be a simple number (e.g., 1 to 4) or may be expressed as a combination of letters and numbers.

[0066] The AI / ML model unit 215 may transmit the name of the functionality to the network in an initial report on the AI / ML model. The initial report on the AI / ML model may mean, for example, an Initial AIML functionality reporting. After the report, the AI / ML model unit 215 may transmit a message including the functionality ID to the network.

[0067] Furthermore, the AI / ML model unit 215 may receive a message or control element indicating the correspondence between the functionality and the functionality ID from the network. In this embodiment, the AI / ML model unit 215 may constitute a receiving unit. The message here may mean, for example, an RRC message. However, it may also be a message of a lower layer. Furthermore, the control element may specifically mean a MAC CE. However, it may be any message or control element indicating the correspondence between the functionality and the functionality ID, and for example, DCI (Downlink Control Information) may be used.

[0068] The AI / ML model unit 215 may send a message including the name of the functionality and the functionality ID. As described above, the name of the functionality may be Supported functionalities, Applicable functionalities, Activated functionalities, or Deactivated functionalities. The name may be an abbreviation.

[0069] The AI / ML model unit 215 may transmit a non-access layer (NAS) message including the functionality ID to a core network (CN) constituting the network. The NAS layer message may be transmitted to a network device (OAM / RIC 40 or NF 50) constituting the CN.

[0070] The measurement processing unit 220 can measure the quality of the serving cell of the UE 200 and neighboring cells of the serving cell and report the measurement result to the network (Measurement Report). The measurement processing unit 220 can perform measurement reporting of the source cell and the target cell during handover.

[0071] The quality to be measured may be, for example, the quality (for example, RSRP, RSRQ) included in the Measurement Report specified in 3GPP TS38.331.

[0072] The measurement processing unit 220 receives, from the network, a measurement configuration (MeasConfig) that configures measurements using an AI / ML model.

[0073] The measurement processing unit 220 may perform measurement using the AI / ML model unit 215 in accordance with the received measurement configuration and under the control of the control unit 240. Measurement using an AI / ML model may mean predicting cell quality (which may include beam quality) for future or different radio resources (e.g., frequencies) based on actual measurement values ​​of cell quality.

[0074] The measurement processing unit 220 may receive a measurement configuration including a measurement report condition. Note that the measurement report here may be a report related to AI / ML (AI / ML reporting) or a Measurement Report. The condition may be, for example, the reporting period of AI / ML reporting, the volume (amount) of AI / ML reporting, the number of reports, or whether a predetermined event is satisfied. The predetermined event may be, for example, an event related to an AI / ML model or an event related to cell quality.

[0075] The handover execution unit 230 executes handover of the UE 200. Specifically, the handover execution unit 230 may execute handover to a transfer destination cell (NG-RAN node) based on control by the gNB 100.

[0076] Furthermore, the handover execution unit 230 can execute processes related to normal handover (legacy handover) and conditional handover (CHO).

[0077] In the case of CHO, the handover execution unit 230 may transition to the candidate cell when an execution condition is satisfied. As described above, the execution condition may be determined based on the quality of the reference signal (RS), specifically, the value of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR.

[0078] In addition, the destination of the CHO may or may not be accompanied by an SCG. In other words, the destination cell of the CHO may be a single cell or may be composed of multiple cells (which may be read as a cell group) according to the DC.

[0079] The control unit 240 controls each functional block constituting the UE 200. In particular, in this embodiment, the control unit 240 may perform control using the AI / ML model unit 215. For example, the control unit 240 may use the AI / ML model unit 215 to predict the quality of the serving cell and neighboring cells, or to predict the occurrence of a radio link failure (RLF) or a handover failure (HOF).

[0080] (3) Operation of the Wireless Communication System Next, we will explain the operation of the wireless communication system 10. Specifically, we will explain the operation that can achieve more efficient information sharing within the network regarding the AI / ML model while supporting functionality related to the AI / ML model.

[0081] (3.1) Example of the Configuration of an AI / ML Model Figure 4 shows an example of the functional architecture of an AI / ML model. As shown in Figure 4, the architecture may include the following functions:

[0082] Data collection: Providing input data for model training and model inference functions.

[0083] Model training: Train, validate, and test ML models. As part of the model testing procedure, model performance metrics may be generated.

[0084] The model training function may also be responsible for data preparation (data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.).

[0085] Model inference: Provides inference output (such as a prediction or decision). The model inference function may provide control of the model inference to the model management / performance monitoring function.

[0086] Figure 5 shows an example of a control sequence of an AI / ML model between a UE and a gNB. As shown in Figure 5, the UE and gNB may perform activation / deactivation / inference / monitoring of the AI / ML model (step 6) through information exchange regarding UE capabilities and settings in the RRC layer.

[0087] When transmitting UE Assistance Information, the UE may transmit information indicating AI / ML model-related functionalities, which may be the names of the functionalities or functionality IDs (functionality identification information) as described above.

[0088] (3.2) Operation Example 1 Functionalities related to an AI / ML model that fall under the categories of supported functionalities, applicable functionalities, or activated functionalities (which may include deactivated functionalities) are expected to increase significantly as the scope of application (prediction target) of the AI / ML model expands. Furthermore, as the wireless communication environment between the UE and the gNB changes more rapidly, the amount of information exchanged between the UE and the gNB regarding applicable functionalities or activated functionalities also increases.

[0089] This situation is undesirable as it causes increased signaling overhead between the UE and the gNB.

[0090] In this operation example, functionality IDs are used to solve such problems. Fig. 6 shows application example 1 of functionality IDs according to operation example 1. Fig. 7 shows application example 2 of functionality IDs according to operation example 1.

[0091] 6 and 7, the functionality ID may be indicated by a number (2, 3, etc.). In addition, the UE's velocity may be set as an additional condition for the functionality.

[0092] The functionality ID may be categorized as follows, for example:

[0093] Supported functionality IDs Applicable functionality IDs Activated functionality IDs Deactivated functionality IDs In the Initial AIML functionality reporting, the UE may report AIML-related functionality (Supported functionalities, Applicable functionalities, Activated functionalities, and Deactivated functionalities, hereinafter the same) to the gNB. After the report, the gNB may assign an ID to each functionality. The gNB (or OAM, CN, SMO (Service Management and Orchestration Framework), RIC) may manage the mapping between functionality and functionality IDs (a table or the like may be used).

[0094] The functionality ID associated with a specific functionality may be set by the network using an RRC message or MAC CE, or may be set as a default by a chip vendor or the like.

[0095] In the initial AIML functionality reporting, the UE may report AIML-related functionality and at the same time report the functionality ID associated with the functionality.

[0096] The functionality ID may be managed in the NAS layer of the UE. The functionality ID may be notified from the NAS layer of the UE to the AS layer (access layer). The functionality ID may be exchanged between the NAS layer of the UE and the CN to report the corresponding functionality.

[0097] In addition, the UE may report UE Capability, which indicates whether the above-mentioned functionality ID is supported, to the network.

[0098] (3.3) Operation Example 2 In the existing 3GPP framework, there is a problem that a gNB cannot notify a gNB (target gNB) to which a UE is handed over, of identification information such as an associated ID, model-related information indicating conditions related to an AI / ML model, etc. Similarly, when a gNB employs a CU-DU separated configuration, there is also a problem that a CU cannot notify a DU of the model-related information.

[0099] In addition, when a UE performs dual connectivity with a master node (MN) and a secondary node (SN), there is also a problem that the MN cannot notify the SN of the model-related information.

[0100] In this operation example, to solve this problem, messages containing model-related information of the AI / ML model, such as associated IDs, are sent and received between associated gNBs (RAN nodes).

[0101] (3.3.1) Operation Example 2-1 Fig. 8 shows an example of a handover-related sequence according to Operation Example 2-1. As shown in Fig. 8, in a UE handover sequence, the functionality of the AI / ML model (Supported functionalities, Applicable functionalities, Activated functionalities, and Deactivated functionalities), functionality IDs associated with the functionality (Supported functionality IDs, Applicable functionality IDs, Activated functionality IDs, and Deactivated functionality IDs), and associated IDs / Network side additional condition / UE side additional condition may be included in a HandoverPreparationInformation message. The HandoverPreparationInformation message may be transmitted from the source gNB to the target gNB.

[0102] (3.3.2) Operation Example 2-2 Fig. 9 shows a UE UE Context related sequence example 1 according to the operation example 2-2. Fig. 10 shows a UE UE Context related sequence example 2 according to the operation example 2-2. Fig. 11 shows a UE UE Context related sequence example 3 according to the operation example 2-2.

[0103] 9 to 11, the functionality of the AI / ML model, the functionality ID associated with the functionality, the associated ID / Network side additional condition / UE side additional condition may be included in a UE context setup request or a UE context modification request. The UE context setup request and the UE context modification request may be transmitted from the CU to the DU.

[0104] (3.3.3) Operation Example 2-3 When the UE executes dual connectivity (DC), similarly to the above-described Operation Examples 2-1 and 2-2, the functionality of the AI / ML model, the functionality ID associated with the functionality, the associated ID / Network side additional condition / UE side additional condition may be included in the M-NG-RAN node to S-NG-RAN node Container (CG-ConfigInfo) of the SN setup request / SN modification request. The SN setup request / SN modification request may be transmitted from the MN to the SN.

[0105] According to the above-described operational example, various messages can include a functionality ID that identifies functionality related to the AI / ML model, and an associated ID / Network side additional condition / UE side additional condition that facilitates ensuring consistency in the configuration and state of the AI / ML model.

[0106] This enables more efficient information sharing within the network regarding AI / ML models while supporting AI / ML model-related functionality. Specifically, it enables support of AI / ML model-related functionality while suppressing signaling overhead. Furthermore, it enables reliable sharing of AI / ML model-related information, such as associated IDs, between gNBs or within a gNB (CU / DU).

[0107] (4) Other Embodiments Although the embodiments have been described above, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments, and that various modifications and improvements are possible.

[0108] For example, in the above-described embodiment, Supported functionalities, Applicable functionalities, Activated functionalities, and Deactivated functionalities have been given as examples of AI / ML Model-related functionalities, but these functionalities are merely examples, and more functionality may be defined, or only some functionality may be defined.

[0109] In the above description, configure, activate, update, indicate, enable, specify, and select may be interchangeable. Similarly, link, associate, correspond, and map may be interchangeable, and allocate, assign, monitor, and map may be interchangeable.

[0110] Furthermore, specific, dedicated, UE-specific, and UE-dedicated may be interchangeable. Similarly, common, shared, group-common, UE-common, and UE-shared may be interchangeable.

[0111] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "antenna port group," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "resource group," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0112] Furthermore, the block diagrams (FIGS. 2 and 3) used in the description of the above-described embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of hardware and / or software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (e.g., wired, wireless, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining software with the single device or multiple devices.

[0113] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how each is implemented.

[0114] Furthermore, the above-described gNB 100 and UE 200 (the devices) may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 12 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the devices. As shown in Figure 12, the devices may be configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0115] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the apparatus may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0116] Each functional block of the device (see FIGS. 2 and 3) is realized by any hardware element of the computer device or a combination of the hardware elements.

[0117] In addition, each function of the device is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0118] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system, and may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control unit, an arithmetic unit, and registers.

[0119] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. Furthermore, the various processes described above may be executed by a single processor 1001, or may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0120] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 may store a program (program code), a software module, etc., capable of executing a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0121] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned recording medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other suitable medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0122] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module.

[0123] The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize, for example, at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).

[0124] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0125] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 is connected to a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0126] Furthermore, the device may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0127] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0128] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of a system using Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, a 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), a 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), a 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), an xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (where x is, for example, an integer or a decimal), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable system, and a next-generation system extended based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G) may also be applied.

[0129] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0130] In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may also be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (e.g., MME or S-GW, etc., but are not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW) may also be used.

[0131] Information, signals (information, etc.) may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0132] The input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, a memory) or may be managed using a management table. The input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. The output information may be deleted. The input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0133] The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0134] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0135] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0136] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0137] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0138] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0139] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0140] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0141] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0142] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0143] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)).

[0144] The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage area.

[0145] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0146] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0147] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0148] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0149] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a mobile station (user terminal, the same applies hereinafter). For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a mobile station is replaced with communication between multiple mobile stations (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the mobile station may be configured to have the functions of a base station. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel (or sidelink).

[0150] Similarly, a mobile station in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station may have the functions of a mobile station.

[0151] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0152] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0153] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol, etc.) A slot may be a numerology-based time unit.

[0154] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0155] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0156] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0157] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station schedules each user terminal to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0158] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0159] In addition, when one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling, and the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0160] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be referred to as a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be referred to as a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0161] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0162] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0163] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0164] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0165] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0166] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0167] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0168] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0169] The above-described structures of the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, and other configurations may be changed in various ways.

[0170] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0171] The reference signal may also be abbreviated as Reference Signal (RS) and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0172] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0173] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0174] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed therein or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0175] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0176] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0177] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0178] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0179] 13 shows an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 13, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0180] The drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user. The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2027 provided in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0181] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2028 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0182] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 1.

[0183] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0184] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0185] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 1 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from a driving unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, a microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 2028, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0186] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0187] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021 to 2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0188] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2028, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0189] (Additional Note) The above disclosure may be expressed as follows: A first feature is a terminal including a control unit that executes control using a learning model, and a transmission unit that transmits, to a network, a message including functionality identification information that identifies functionality according to a state of the learning model.

[0190] A second feature is that, in the first feature, the transmitter transmits the name of the functionality to the network in a first report on the learning model, and transmits the message including the functionality identification information after the report.

[0191] A third feature, in the first or second feature, further includes a receiving unit that receives, from the network, a message or a control element that indicates a correspondence between the functionality and the functionality identification information.

[0192] In a fourth feature, in any one of the first to third features, the transmission unit transmits the message including a name of the functionality and the functionality identification information.

[0193] A fifth feature is any one of the first to fourth features, wherein the transmitting unit transmits a non-access stratum message including the functionality identification information to a core network that constitutes the network.

[0194] 10 Wireless communication system 20 NG-RAN 40 OAM / RIC 50 NF 100 gNB 110 Wireless communication unit 120 Handover / connection processing unit 130 AI / ML model unit 140 Control unit 200 UE 210 Wireless communication unit 215 AI / ML model unit 220 Measurement processing unit 230 Handover execution unit 240 Control unit 1001 Processor 1002 Memory 1003 Storage 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 1007 Bus 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Left and right front wheels 2008 Left and right rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service section 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 RPM sensor 2023 Air pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system section 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a control unit that executes control using a learning model; and a transmission unit that transmits to a network a message including functionality identification information that identifies functionality according to the state of the learning model.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits the name of the functionality to the network in a first report regarding the learning model, and transmits the message including the functionality identification information after the report.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, further comprising a receiving unit for receiving a message or control element indicating the correspondence between said functionality and said functionality identification information from said network.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits the message including the name of the functionality and the functionality identification information.

5. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits a non-access stratum message including the functionality identification information to a core network that constitutes the network.

6. A wireless communication method in a terminal, comprising: a step of performing control using a learning model; and a step of transmitting to a network a message including functionality identification information that identifies functionality according to the state of the learning model.

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