High color contrast low smoke indoor sparkler

Abstract

This document provides sparkler compositions. For example, sparkler compositions having a metallic fuel, one or more oxidizers, a binder, and one or more colorants are provided herein.

Description

[0001] Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0002] HIGH COLOR CONTRAST LOW SMOKE INDOOR SPARKLER

[0003] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0004] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 681,346, filed August 9, 2024, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 825,304, filed June 17, 2025, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.

[0005] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0006] This document relates to pyrotechnic devices commonly known as “sparklers.” For example, this document relates to sparkler compositions, e.g., sparkler compositions useful for indoor use.

[0007] BACKGROUND

[0008] Fireworks are often on display at celebratory occasions. Among prominent displays is the 4thof July holiday in the U.S., and fireworks displays are often part of celebrations at other times and worldwide, such as at the New Year holiday each year, at Halloween, at musical concerts, at birthday celebrations, at various sporting events, and the like. One fireworks product often seen at such displays is the sparkler.

[0009] A sparkler is a device that emits brilliant sparks upon burning. Conventional sparklers generally are made of a long, thin stick or metal wire having a flammable, spark-emitting coating, e.g., a phosphorous compound, thereon. When the coated end of the sparkler remote from the hand hold is ignited, e.g., with a match, lighter, punk, etc., the coating ignites, sparks are randomly emitted as the ignition point travels down the wire, usually for a few minutes, and the spark burns out when it reaches the end of the coating and before contacting the hand of the user.

[0010] SUMMARY

[0011] This document provides a sparkler device and sparkler compositions. For example, this document provides sparkler compositions useful for indoor use. The sparkler compositions provided herein produces less smoke than a traditional sparkler (e.g., the sparkler device releases an amount of smoke at least less than about 50% of a Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 traditional sparkler or e.g., the sparkler device releases an amount of smoke at least less than about 50% of a fountain sparkler). As used herein, a “traditional sparkler” refers to a device including a thin metal or wooden rod coated in a composition comprising (a) one or more of steel, iron, magnesium, and aluminum in an amount of about 40 wt% based on the total weight of the composition; (b) potassium nitrate or barium nitrate in an amount of about 50 wt% based on the total weight of the composition; (c) dextrin in an amount of about 8 wt% to about 10 wt% based on the total weight of the composition; and optionally (d) sulfur or charcoal in an amount of 2 wt% or less. As used herein, a “fountain sparkler” refers to a device including a tube that includes about 5% potassium perchlorate, about 12% titanium, about 3% ammonium perchlorate, and about 80% nitrocellulose. For example, a fountain sparkler is shown in FIG. 1. This document provides sparkler compositions with high color contrast. For example, the sparkler compositions provided herein produce high color contrast (e.g., the sparkler compositions provided herein produce at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% more color contrast than a fountain sparkler). Examples of high color contrast sparklers as disclosed herein are shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4. The document provides sparkler devices with an ignition unit. For example, the ignition unit is bound to the outer surface of the sparkler device and can be used to ignite the sparkler device without the use of any additional ignition device.

[0012] In one aspect, this document provides sparkler compositions comprising: a metallic fuel, one or more oxidizers, a binder, and one or more colorants. For example, the sparkler compositions provided herein comprise a metallic fuel comprising titanium; one or more oxidizers comprising nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, or a combination thereof; a binder comprising nitrocellulose; and one or more colorants comprising strontium nitrate, barium nitrate, copper oxide, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0013] In one aspect, this document provides a sparkler composition comprising:

[0014] (a) a metallic fuel in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0015] (b) one or more oxidizers in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0016] (c) a binder in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 70 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0017] (d) one or more colorants in an amount of about 2 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the metallic fuel comprises titanium, the one or more oxidizers comprises nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, or a combination thereof, the binder comprises nitrocellulose; and the one or more colorants comprises strontium nitrate, barium nitrate, copper oxide, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof..

[0018] In one aspect, this document provides a sparkler device comprising: (a) a tube; (b) a sparkler composition provided herein; and (c) an ignition unit; wherein the sparkler composition is contained within the tube, and the ignition unit is bound to the outer surface of the tube.

[0019] In one aspect, this document provides a method of producing the sparkler composition provided herein, the method comprising:

[0020] (a) drying a binder;

[0021] (b) pulverizing a metallic fuel, one or more oxidizers, and one or more colorants; and

[0022] (c) combining the binder, the metallic fuel, the one or more oxidizers, and the one or more colorants; thereby producing the sparkler composition provided herein.

[0023] In one aspect, this document provides a method of producing the sparkler device provided herein, the method comprising:

[0024] (a) drying the binder and the tube;

[0025] (b) pulverizing the sparkler composition provided herein; and

[0026] (c) combining the sparkler composition provided herein in a tube; thereby producing the sparkler device.

[0027] In one aspect, this document provides methods of igniting the sparkler device provided herein, the method comprising igniting the ignition unit. Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0028] As used herein, the term “about” when used to refer to weight % in a composition means ± 10% of the reported weight %. As used herein, the term “about” when used to refer to measured characteristics of the composition means ± 20% of the reported value.

[0029] As used herein, the term “substantially free of’ an ingredient(s) as provided throughout the disclosure is intended to mean that the composition contain less than about 5 wt%, less than about 1 wt% (percent by weight of the total weight of the composition), less than about 0.5 wt%, less than about 0.25 wt%, less than about 0.1 wt%, or insignificant or negligible amounts of said ingredient(s) unless specifically indicated otherwise. In some embodiments, the sparkler composition of the present disclosure is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts, meaning that the sparkler composition contains less than about 5 wt%, less than about 1 wt% (percent by weight of the total weight of the composition), less than about 0.5 wt%, less than about 0.25 wt%, less than about 0.1 wt%, or insignificant or negligible amounts of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, the sparkler composition of the present disclosure is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts, meaning that the sparkler composition contains less than about 1 wt% (percent by weight of the total weight of the composition), less than about 0.5 wt%, less than about 0.25 wt%, less than about 0.1 wt%, or insignificant or negligible amounts of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, the sparkler composition of the present disclosure is substantially free of moisture, meaning that the sparkler composition contains less than about 5 wt%, less than about 1 wt% (percent by weight of the total weight of the composition), less than about 0.5 wt%, less than about 0.25 wt%, less than about 0.1 wt%, or insignificant or negligible amounts of moisture.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used to practice the invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Tn case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

[0031] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

[0032] DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

[0034] FIG. l is a photographic image of a fountain sparkler.

[0035] FIG. 2 is a photographic image of a blue color sparkler composition disclosed herein.

[0036] FIG. 3 is a photographic image of a pink color sparkler composition disclosed herein.

[0037] FIG. 4 is a photographic image of a red color sparkler composition disclosed herein.

[0038] FIG. 5 depicts a sparkler device disclosed herein, wherein the sparkler device includes a sparkler (100), a tube (102), an ignition unit (104), a striking material (106), and a lighting tip (108).

[0039] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Provided herein are sparkler compositions including a metallic fuel, one or more oxidizers, a binder, and one or more colorants. For example, the sparkler composition can include a metallic fuel comprising titanium; one or more oxidizers comprising nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, or a combination thereof; a binder comprising nitrocellulose; and one or more colorants comprising strontium nitrate, barium nitrate, copper oxide, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the sparkler composition can include titanium, ammonium perchlorate, nitrocellulose, and one or more colorants Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 comprising strontium nitrate, barium nitrate, copper oxide, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0041] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0042] (a) a metallic fuel in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0043] (b) one or more oxidizers in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0044] (c) a binder in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 70 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0045] (d) one or more colorants in an amount of about 2 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the metallic fuel comprises titanium, the one or more oxidizers comprises nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, or a combination thereof, the binder comprises nitrocellulose; and the one or more colorants comprises strontium nitrate, barium nitrate, copper oxide, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0046] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0047] (a) a metallic fuel in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 20 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0048] (b) one or more oxidizers in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0049] (c) a binder in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 50 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0050] (d) one or more colorants in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the metallic fuel comprises titanium, the one or more oxidizers comprises nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, or a combination thereof, the binder comprises nitrocellulose; and Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 the one or more colorants comprises strontium nitrate, copper oxide, or both strontium nitrate and copper oxide.

[0051] The sparkler composition includes a metallic fuel. In some embodiments, the metallic fuel comprises titanium. In some embodiments, the metallic fuel is titanium.

[0052] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition includes the metallic fuel in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the sparkler composition includes the metallic fuel in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 20 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. For example, the metallic fuel is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 10 wt%, about 11 wt%, about 12 wt%, about 13 wt%, about 14 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 16 wt%, about 17 wt%, about 18 wt%, about 19 wt%, or about 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. For example, the metallic fuel is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 10 wt%, about 11 wt%, about 12 wt%, about 13 wt%, about 14 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 16 wt%, about 17 wt%, about 18 wt%, about 19 wt%, about 20 wt%, or about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the metallic fuel is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 15 wt%, about 13 wt% to about 17 wt%, or about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the metallic fuel is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 25 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 25 wt%, or about 17 wt% to about 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the metallic fuel is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 13 wt% to about 17 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the metallic fuel is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition.

[0053] The sparkler composition includes one or more oxidizers. In some embodiments, the one or more oxidizers includes nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more oxidizers includes nitrate or chlorate. In some embodiments, the one or more oxidizers includes perchlorate. In some embodiments, the one or more oxidizers includes ammonium perchlorate. Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0054] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition includes one or more oxidizers in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the sparkler composition includes one or more oxidizers in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. For example, the one or more oxidizers is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 15 wt%, about 16 wt%, about 17 wt%, about 18 wt%, about 19 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 21 wt%, about 22 wt%, about 23 wt%, about 24 wt%, or about 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. For example, the one or more oxidizers is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 10 wt%, about 11 wt%, about 12 wt%, about 13 wt%, about 14 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 26 wt%, about 27 wt%, about 28 wt%, about 29 wt%, or about 30 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the one or more oxidizers is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 18 wt% to about 22 wt%, or about 20 wt% to about 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the one or more oxidizers is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 18 wt% to about 22 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the one or more oxidizers is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 23 wt% to about 27 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the one or more oxidizers is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition.

[0055] The sparkler composition includes a binder. In some embodiments, the binder comprises nitrocellulose. In some embodiments, the metallic fuel is nitrocellulose.

[0056] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition includes the binder in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 75 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the sparkler composition includes the binder in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 70 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the sparkler composition includes the binder in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 50 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. For example, the binder is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 40 wt%, Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 about 41 wt%, about 42 wt%, about 43 wt%, about 44 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 46 wt%, about 47 wt%, about 48 wt%, about 49 wt%, or about 50 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the binder is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 45 wt%, about 43 wt% to about 47 wt%, or about 45 wt% to about 50 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the binder is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 43 wt% to about 47 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the binder is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 48 wt% to about 52 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the binder is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 38 wt% to about 42 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the binder is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 45 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the binder is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the binder is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 50 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition.

[0057] The sparkler composition includes one or more colorants. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants includes strontium nitrate, barium nitrate, copper oxide, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants includes strontium nitrate, copper oxide, or both strontium nitrate and copper oxide. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants includes strontium nitrate. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants includes barium nitrate. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants includes sodium carbonate. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants includes copper oxide. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants includes strontium nitrate and copper oxide.

[0058] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition includes one or more colorants in an amount of about 2 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the sparkler composition includes one or more colorants in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. For example, the one or more colorants is present in the sparkler Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 composition in an amount of about 15 wt%, about 16 wt%, about 17 wt%, about 18 wt%, about 19 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 21 wt%, about 22 wt%, about 23 wt%, about 24 wt%, or about 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. For example, the one or more colorants is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 9 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 11 wt%, about 12 wt%, about 13 wt%, or about 14 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 18 wt% to about 22 wt%, or about 20 wt% to about 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 18 wt% to about 22 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the one or more colorants is present in the sparkler composition in an amount of about 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition.

[0059] In some embodiments, the colorant can act as both an oxidizer and a colorant (e.g., strontium nitrate or barium nitrate).

[0060] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises one or more oils. For example, the sparkler composition includes mineral oil.

[0061] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition can be designed such that when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits multiple colors. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits multiple colors (e.g., sparkler composition A: red, white, and blue, or sparkler composition B: red, blue, and pink).

[0062] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0063] (a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0064] (b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0065] (c) about 43 wt% to about 47 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0066] (d) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0067] (e) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a red color.

[0068] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0069] (a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0070] (b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0071] (c) about 43 wt% to about 47 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0072] (d) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a pink color.

[0073] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0074] (a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0075] (b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0076] (c) about 43 wt% to about 47 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0077] (d) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a blue color. Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0078] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0079] (a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0080] (b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0081] (c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0082] (d) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a red color.

[0083] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0084] (a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0085] (b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0086] (c) about 38 wt% to about 42 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0087] (d) about 6 wt% to about 10 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0088] (e) about 10 wt% to about 14 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a pink color.

[0089] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0090] (a) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0091] (b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0092] (c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0093] (d) about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a blue color.

[0094] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0095] (a) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0096] (b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0097] (c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0098] (d) about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% barium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a green color.

[0099] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0100] (a) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0101] (b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0102] (c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0103] (d) about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% sodium carbonate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a yellow color. Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0104] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0105] (a) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0106] (b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0107] (c) about 68 wt% to about 72 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits an orange color.

[0108] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0109] (a) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0110] (b) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0111] (c) about 38 wt% to about 42 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0112] (d) a mixture comprising: about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% titanium, about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% aluminum, about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% gold gum, about 6 wt% to about 10 wt% ammonium perchlorate, and about 2 wt% to about 6 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a white color.

[0113] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0114] (a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0115] (b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0116] (c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0117] (d) about 5 wt% to about 9 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0118] (e) about 6 wt% to about 10 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a color mixture (red- blue-pink).

[0119] In some embodiments, the sparkler composition comprises:

[0120] (a) about 15 wt% to about 19 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0121] (b) about 10 wt% to about 12 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0122] (c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0123] (d) about 2 wt% to about 6 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;

[0124] (e) about 2 wt% to about 6 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and

[0125] (f) a mixture comprising: about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% titanium, about 2 wt% to about 6 wt% aluminum, about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% gold gum, about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% ammonium perchlorate, and about 0.1 wt% to about 4 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts. In some embodiments, when the sparkler composition is ignited, the sparkler composition emits a color mixture (red- white-blue).

[0126] Sparkler Device Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0127] Provided herein are sparkler devices comprising a tube, any one of the sparkler compositions as disclosed herein, and an ignition unit, wherein the sparkler composition is contained within the tube and the ignition unit is bound to the outer surface of the tube.

[0128] In some embodiments, the tube is a cardboard tube. In some embodiments, cardboard tube is wrapped in a decorative wrap. In some embodiments, the tube has a diameter of about 4 cm to about 5.6 cm (about 4 cm, about 4.1 cm, about 4.2 cm, about 4.3 cm, about 4.4 cm, about 4.5 cm, about 4.6 cm, about 4.7 cm, about 4.8 cm, about 4.9 cm, about 5.0 cm, about 5.1 cm, about 5.2 cm, about 5.3 cm, about 5.4 cm, about 5.5 cm, or about 5.6 cm). In some embodiments, the tube has a diameter of about 4.4 cm to about 5.2 cm. In some embodiments, the tube has a diameter of about 4.8 cm. In some embodiments, the tube has a thickness of about 1.0 cm to about 2.0 cm (about 1.0 cm, about 1.1 cm, about 1.2 cm, about 1.3 cm, about 1.4 cm, about 1.5 cm, about 1.6 cm, about 1.7 cm, about 1.8 cm, about 1.9 cm, about 2.0 cm). In some embodiments, the cardboard tube has a cardboard thickness of about 1.5 cm to about 2.0 cm. In some embodiments, the cardboard tube has a cardboard thickness of about 1.5 cm. In some embodiments, the tube (e.g., cardboard tube) is substantially free of moisture. In some embodiments, the tube is about 10 cm to about 20 cm in length (about 10 cm, about 11 cm, about 12 cm, about 13 cm, about 14 cm, about 15 cm, about 16 cm, about 17 cm, about 18 cm, about 19 cm, or about 20 cm). In some embodiments, the tube is about 10 cm to about 15 cm in length. In some embodiments, the tube is about 12 cm in length.

[0129] In some embodiments, the sparkler device further comprises a skewer attached to one end of the tube (e.g., cardboard tube).

[0130] In some embodiments, the ignition unit comprises a striking material and a lighting tip. In some embodiments, the striking material comprises antimonium or the like. In some embodiments, the striking material comprises antimonium. In some embodiments, the lighting tip comprises a match, sealant lacquer, and potassium chlorate, or the like. In some embodiments, the lighting tip comprises a match, sealant lacquer, and potassium chlorate. In some embodiments, the lighting tip comprises a sealant lacquer, sulfur, and potassium chlorate.

[0131] In some embodiments, the sparkler device further includes sawdust. In some embodiments, the sawdust is substantially free of moisture. Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0132] In some embodiments, paper is used to seal one end of the tube. In some embodiments, a plastic lid is used to seal one end of the tube.

[0133] In some embodiments, the sparkler device can be as shown in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the sparkler device includes a sparkler (100). In some embodiments, the sparkler (100) includes a tube (102), an ignition unit (104), a striking material (106), and a lighting tip (108).

[0134] Methods of Producing

[0135] Provided herein are methods of producing the sparkler composition. In some embodiments, the methods include (a) drying the binder (e.g., nitrocellulose); (b) pulverizing the sparkler composition disclosed herein; and (c) combining the sparkler composition disclosed herein, thereby producing the sparkler composition.

[0136] In some embodiments, drying the binder includes exposing the binder to direct sunlight for a period of time (e.g., about 15 minutes to about 8 hours at a temperature of 20°C or more). In some embodiments, the binder is dried such that it is substantially free of moisture. In some embodiments, the binder is substantially free of moisture, meaning that the binder contains less than about 5 wt%, less than about 1 wt% (percent by weight of the total weight of the composition), less than about 0.5 wt%, less than about 0.25 wt%, less than about 0.1 wt%, or insignificant or negligible amounts of moisture. In some embodiments, during the drying of the binder, the binder is pulverized to create a fine powder.

[0137] In some embodiments, pulverizing the metallic fuel, one or more oxidizers, and one or more colorants includes passing each over mesh. In some embodiments, the pulverizing the metallic fuel, one or more oxidizers, and one or more colorants produces a powder of each of the metallic fuel, one or more oxidizers, and one or more colorants having a mesh size of 60 or more (e.g., 60 to 500 mesh or 100 to 300 mesh). In some embodiments, the metallic fuel (e.g., titanium) has a mesh size of 100 or more (e.g., 100 to 300 mesh).

[0138] In some embodiments, combining the binder, the metallic fuel, the one or more oxidizers, and the one or more colorants can be accomplished by any means relative to those skilled in the art (e g., mixing). Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0139] Provided herein methods of producing the sparkler device comprising: (a) drying the binder and the tube; (b) pulverizing the sparkler composition disclosed herein; and (c) combining the sparkler composition disclosed herein in a tube; thereby producing the sparkler device.

[0140] Drying the binder can be accomplished as described above. In some embodiments, drying the tube includes exposing the binder to direct sunlight for a period of time (e.g., about 15 minutes to about 8 hours at a temperature of 20°C or more). In some embodiments, the tube is dried such that it is substantially free of moisture.

[0141] Pulverizing the sparkler composition is accomplished as described above.

[0142] Combining the sparkler composition disclosed herein can be accomplished by any means relative to those skilled in the art (e.g., mixing).

[0143] In some embodiments, the method further comprises compacting the sparkler composition in the tube.

[0144] In some embodiments, the method further comprises adding a layer of sawdust on top of the sparkler composition in the tube. In some embodiments, the method further comprises compacting the layer of the sawdust.

[0145] In some embodiments, the method further comprises attaching the ignition unit to the outer surface of the tube.

[0146] Provided herein are methods of igniting the sparkler device comprising igniting the ignition unit. In some embodiments, igniting the sparkler device is performed indoors (e.g., inside a home, inside a bar or restaurant, inside a concert venue, or the like).

[0147] In some embodiments, when the sparkler device is ignited, the sparkler device releases an amount of smoke that is about 50% less than a traditional sparkler releases when ignited. For example, when the sparkler device is ignited, the sparkler device releases an amount of smoke that is at least about 50% less, about 60% less, about 70% less, or about 80% less than a traditional sparkler releases when ignited.

[0148] The compositions and methods herein will be further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0149] EXAMPLES

[0150] MATERIALS Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0151] Cardboard tube: 12 cm in length, 1.5 cm thick, and a diameter of 4.8 cm.

[0152] Plastic Lid

[0153] Paper

[0154] Sawdust

[0155] Example 1 - Preparation of the Ingredients and Materials

[0156] Nitrocellulose was spread on a tarp exposed to direct sunlight for about 45 minutes. While being exposed to direct sunlight, the nitrocellulose was passed over a mesh to pulverize it into a fine powder.

[0157] Ammonium perchlorate then was sprayed on a mesh to make the nitrocellulose finer. 100 mesh titanium (ground metal) was pulverized into a mesh to soften its texture and generate a fine powder. Strontium nitrate and copper oxide were pulverized through a mesh to generate a fine powder.

[0158] A cardboard tube was laid out in direct sunlight and then one end of the cardboard tube was covered with white paper which was glued with ResistolM R\

[0159] To fill the cardboard tube, a smaller bronze tube is used and filled with the correct amounts of each ingredient. This needle had marked measurements according to the duration of the sparkler compositions ignition time.

[0160] Example 2 - Preparation of Red Color Sparkler

[0161] A red color sparkler was prepared with the composition shown below in Table 1 A. The red color sparkler was prepared by mixing the sparkler composition shown in Table 1A and adding 50% of the sparkler composition shown in Table lAto a cardboard tube. The sparkler composition was compacted down with a plastic mallet. An additional 50% of the sparkler composition shown in Table 1A was added to the cardboard tube and again compacted down with a plastic mallet. Sawdust was then added to the top of the sparkler composition in the tube and again compacted down using a plastic mallet. The red sparkler is shown in FIG. 4. In FIG. 4, the sparkler compositions, when ignited, emit high Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 contrast color such that the photographic image is not white-washed and produce only a small amount of smoke.

[0162] Table 1A. Exemplary Red Sparkler Composition.

[0163] A red color sparkler in Table IB was prepared analogously to the Red Sparkler in Table 1 A above with the appropriate modifications.

[0164] Table IB. Exemplary Red Sparkler Composition.

[0165] Example 3 - Preparation of Pink Color Sparkler

[0166] A pink color sparkler was prepared with the composition shown below in Table 2A. The pink color sparkler was prepared by mixing the sparkler composition shown in Table 2A and adding 50% of the sparkler composition shown in Table 2Ato a cardboard tube. The sparkler composition was compacted down with a plastic mallet. An additional 50% of the sparkler composition shown in Table 2A was added to the cardboard tube and again compacted down with a plastic mallet. Sawdust was then added to the top of the sparkler composition in the tube and again compacted down with a plastic mallet. The pink sparkler is shown in FIG. 3. In FIG. 3, the sparkler compositions, when ignited, emit high contrast color such that the photographic image is not white-washed and produce only a small amount of smoke. Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0167] Table 2A. Exemplary Pink Sparkler Composition.

[0168] A pink color sparkler in Table 2B was prepared analogously to the Pink Sparkler in Table 2A above with the appropriate modifications.

[0169] Table 2B. Exemplary Pink Sparkler Composition.

[0170] Example 4 - Preparation of Blue Color Sparkler A blue color sparkler was prepared with the composition shown below in Table

[0171] 3 A. The blue color sparkler was prepared by mixing the sparkler composition shown in Table 3 A and adding 50% of the sparkler composition shown in Table 3A to a cardboard tube. The sparkler composition was compacted down with a plastic mallet. An additional 50% of the sparkler composition shown in Table 3 A was added to the cardboard tube and again compacted down with a plastic mallet. Sawdust was then added to the top of the sparkler composition in the tube and again compacted down with a plastic mallet. The blue sparkler is shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, the sparkler compositions, when ignited, emit Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 high contrast color such that the photographic image is not white-washed and produce only a small amount of smoke.

[0172] Table 3A. Exemplary Blue Sparkler Composition.

[0173] A blue color sparkler in Table 3B was prepared analogously to the Blue Sparkler in Table 3 A above with the appropriate modifications.

[0174] Table 3B. Exemplary Blue Sparkler Composition.

[0175] Example 5 - Preparation of Green Color Sparkler

[0176] A green color sparkler was prepared with the composition shown below in Table 4. The green color sparkler was prepared analogously to the Examples described above with the appropriate modifications.

[0177] Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0178] Table 4. Exemplary Green Sparkler Composition.

[0179] Example 6 - Preparation of Yellow Color Sparkler

[0180] A yellow color sparkler was prepared with the composition shown below in Table 5. The yellow color sparkler was prepared analogously to the Examples described above with the appropriate modifications.

[0181] Table 5. Exemplary Yellow Sparkler Composition.

[0182] Example 7 - Preparation of Orange Color Sparkler A orange color sparkler was prepared with the composition shown below in Table

[0183] 6. The orange color sparkler was prepared analogously to the Examples described above with the appropriate modifications.

[0184] Table 6. Exemplary Orange Sparkler Composition.

[0185] Example 8 - Preparation of White Color Sparkler Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01

[0186] A white color sparkler was prepared with the composition shown below in Table

[0187] 7. The white color sparkler was prepared analogously to the Examples described above with the appropriate modifications. The mixture includes titanium, aluminum, gold gum, ammonium perchlorate, and copper oxide. Table 7. Exemplary White Sparkler Composition.

[0188] Example 9 - Preparation of Color Mixture (Red-Blue-Pink) Sparkler

[0189] A color mixture (red-blue-pink) sparkler was prepared with the composition shown below in Table 8. The color mixture (red-blue-pink) sparkler was prepared analogously to the Examples described above with the appropriate modifications.

[0190] Table 8. Exemplary Color Mixture (Red-Blue-Pink) Sparkler Composition.

[0191] Example 10 - Preparation of Color Mixture (Red-White-Blue) Sparkler

[0192] A color mixture (red-white-blue) sparkler was prepared with the composition shown below in Table 9. The color mixture (red-white-blue) sparkler was prepared analogously to the Examples described above with the appropriate modifications. The Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 mixture includes titanium, aluminum, gold gum, ammonium perchlorate, and copper oxide.

[0193] Table 9. Exemplary Color Mixture (Red- White-Blue) Sparkler Composition.

[0194] OTHER EMBODIMENTS

[0195] It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) a metallic fuel in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) one or more oxidizers in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) a binder in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 70 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(d) one or more colorants in an amount of about 2 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the metallic fuel comprises titanium, the one or more oxidizers comprises nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, or a combination thereof, the binder comprises nitrocellulose; and the one or more colorants comprises strontium nitrate, barium nitrate, copper oxide, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof.

2. The sparkler composition of claim 1, wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

3. The sparkler composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the metallic fuel present in the sparkler composition is about 15 wt% to about 20 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition.

4. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the amount of the one or more oxidizers present in the sparkler composition is about 10 wt% to about 25 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition.

5. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the one or more oxidizers comprises perchlorate.Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W016. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the one or more oxidizers comprises ammonium perchlorate.

7. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the amount of the binder present in the sparkler composition is about 40 wt% to about 50 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition.

8. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the amount of the one or more colorants present in the sparkler composition is about 5 wt% to about 20 wt% based on the total weight of the sparkler composition.

9. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the one or more colorants comprises strontium nitrate.

10. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the one or more colorants comprises copper oxide.

11. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the one or more colorants comprises copper oxide and strontium nitrate.

12. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the one or more colorants comprises barium nitrate.

13. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the one or more colorants comprises sodium carbonate.

14. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-13, which is substantially free of moisture.

15. The sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-14 further comprising one or more oils.

16. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01(b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 43 wt% to about 47 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(d) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(e) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

17. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 43 wt% to about 47 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(d) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

18. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 43 wt% to about 47 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(d) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

19. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(d) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

20. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 38 wt% to about 42 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(d) about 6 wt% to about 10 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(e) about 10 wt% to about 14 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

21. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01(b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(d) about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

22. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(d) about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% barium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

23. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 23 wt% to about 27 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(d) about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% sodium carbonate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W0124. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(c) about 68 wt% to about 72 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

25. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 38 wt% to about 42 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(d) a mixture comprising: about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% titanium, about 8 wt% to about 12 wt% aluminum, about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% gold gum, about 6 wt% to about 10 wt% ammonium perchlorate, and about 2 wt% to about 6 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

26. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 13 wt% to about 17 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 18 wt% to about 22 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(d) about 5 wt% to about 9 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of theAttorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W01 sparkler composition;(e) about 6 wt% to about 10 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

27. A sparkler composition comprising:(a) about 15 wt% to about 19 wt% titanium, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(b) about 10 wt% to about 12 wt% ammonium perchlorate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(c) about 48 wt% to about 52 wt% nitrocellulose, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(d) about 2 wt% to about 6 wt% strontium nitrate, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition;(e) about 2 wt% to about 6 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; and(f) a mixture comprising: about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% titanium, about 2 wt% to about 6 wt% aluminum, about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% gold gum, about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% ammonium perchlorate, and about 0.1 wt% to about 4 wt% copper oxide, based on the total weight of the sparkler composition; wherein the sparkler composition is substantially free of aluminum, magnesium, iron, ferrotitanium, ferrocene, nitroglycerin, and chloride salts.

28. A sparkler device comprising:(a) a tube;(b) a sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-27; and(c) an ignition unit; wherein the sparkler composition is contained within the tube, and the ignition unit is bound to the outer surface of the tube.

29. The sparkler device of claim 28, wherein the tube is a cardboard tube.Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W0130. The sparkler device of claim 29, wherein the cardboard tube has a diameter of about 4 cm to about 5.6 cm.

31. The sparkler device of claim 29 or 30, wherein the cardboard tube has a diameter of about 4.8 cm.

32. The sparkler device of any one of claims 29-30, wherein the cardboard tube has a cardboard thickness of about 1.0 cm to about 2.0 cm.

33. The sparkler device of any one of claims 29-32, wherein the cardboard tube has a cardboard thickness of about 1.5 cm.

34. The sparkler device of any one of claims 29-33, further comprises a skewer attached to one end of the cardboard tube.

35. The sparkler device of any one of claims 29-34, wherein the ignition unit comprises a striking material and a lighting tip.

36. The sparkler device of any one of claims 29-35, wherein the striking material comprises antimonium.

37. The sparkler device of any one of claims 29-36, wherein the lighting tip comprises a match, sealant lacquer, and potassium chlorate.

38. A method of producing the sparkler composition of any one of claims 1-27, the method comprising:(a) drying the binder;(b) pulverizing the metallic fuel, the one or more oxidizers, and the one or more colorants; and(c) combining the binder, the metallic fuel, the one or more oxidizers, and the one or more colorants; thereby producing the sparkler composition.Attorney Docket No.: 54737-0003W0139. A method of producing the sparkler device of any one of claims 28-37, the method comprising:(a) drying the binder and the tube(b) pulverizing the sparkler composition; and(c) combining the sparkler composition in a tube; thereby producing the sparkler device.

40. The method of claim 39, further comprising:(d) compacting the sparkler composition in the tube.

41. A method of igniting the sparkler device of any one of claims 28-37, the method comprising igniting the ignition unit.

42. The method of claim 41, which is performed indoors.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein the sparkler device releases an amount of smoke less than about 50% of a traditional sparkler.

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