Methods, apparatus, and systems for indicating and associating positioning anchors with positioning signals spatial directions
By increasing positioning anchor nodes and associating them with spatial information of DL-PRSs, the method improves positioning accuracy and reduces complexity and overhead in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in improving positioning accuracy, precision, and integrity while minimizing signaling overhead and computation complexity.
Increasing the number of positioning anchor nodes and reducing non-line-of-sight bias by associating positioning anchors with spatial information of DL-PRSs, utilizing low overhead signaling schemes, and indicating selected anchor locations for UE-based positioning.
Enhances positioning accuracy and reduces signaling overhead and UE computation complexity by associating positioning anchors with spatial directions, facilitating efficient multipath measurements.
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Figure CN2024119373_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEMS FOR INDICATING AND ASSOCIATING POSITIONING ANCHORS WITH POSITIONING SIGNALS SPATIAL DIRECTIONS
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] The present application is related to, and claims priority to, United States provisional patent application Serial No. 63 / 689, 181, entitled “Methods, Apparatus, and Systems for Indicating and Associating Positioning Anchors with Positioning Signals Spatial Directions” , filed on August 30, 2024, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present application relates to communications, and in particular to positioning in wireless communication systems.BACKGROUND
[0004] Many sensing and communication applications have been proposed for fifth generation, “5G, ” and future generation wireless communications systems. Sensing and communication applications typically include determining and / or making use of position information of various components of an environment in which the wireless communications system is in use. It is expected that accurate position information will be an important feature of future generation wireless communications systems.
[0005] Accurate position information may assist in reducing signaling overhead in so-called sensing-assisted communication applications. Normally, when a base station is to transmit a signal to a user equipment (UE) and a position of the UE is not known, the base station first carries out a beam sweeping operation to determine the position of the UE. The base station may use results of the beam sweeping operation to direct a transmitted signal to the UE. In contrast, if the position of the UE is known, then the base station may directly beamform a transmitted signal in the direction of the UE with a reduced amount of beam sweeping overhead.
[0006] Additionally, accurate position information may assist in improving performance of communication and sensing services; moreover, accurate position information may further assist in expanding capabilities of sensing and communication services. For example, based on information that two different UEs are widely separated, a base station can multiplex two different signals transmitted to the two UEs on the same time-frequency resources, without causing interference from one signal to another and vice versa. The accurate position information of the two UEs results in improved efficiency.
[0007] It remains a challenge to improve positioning accuracy, precision and integrity, without significantly increasing signaling overhead and / or computation complexity for positioning.SUMMARY
[0008] Positioning accuracy, precision and integrity may be enhanced by increasing the number of positioning anchor nodes and reducing the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) bias in position calculations. Both targets may be achieved by increasing the number of indicated positioning anchors associated with the positioning reference signals where these indicated positioning anchors may act as the originating anchors points of the multipath components associated with the positioning reference signals received at the target UE.
[0009] Aspects of the present application relate to positioning procedures in the context of increasing the potential positioning anchor points, but while utilizing low overhead signaling schemes.
[0010] Aspects of the present application relate to associating a set / group / plurality of positioning anchors and / or their locations with the spatial information of DL-PRSs, configured or selected for positioning a target UE, and the multipath measurements conducted on these DL-PRSs at the target UE. Association of positioning anchors / locations with spatial directions (beams) , for example, may help reduce signaling overhead and / or UE computation complexity. By signaling only the positioning anchors that are associated with a particular direction, for example, signaling overhead may be reduced. UE complexity may also be reduced (as well as reducing positioning error) by facilitating associations between received signals and corresponding anchors at the UE side.
[0011] Aspects of the present application relate to utilizing the hierarchy and the different IDs of DL-PRS, DL PRS resource set and DL PRS resources of long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) assistance data and PRS info in providing associations between DL PRS resources and sets of positioning anchors locations (e.g., sets of VTPs) in addition to the antenna reference point (ARPs) locations.
[0012] Aspects of the present application relate to indicating, to a target UE in case of UE-based positioning mode, a selected set of positioning anchor locations for a given DL-PRS resource from a plurality of preconfigured or pre-indicated sets of locations and their association information with a preconfigured plurality of DL-PRS resources.
[0013] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a method according to any of the claims below is provided.
[0014] For example, according to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method involves receiving, at a UE from a network device of a communication network, a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of sets of locations and a plurality of spatial directions. Each set of locations is associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprises a set of source locations of a respective reference signal. Such a method may also involve receiving one of the reference signals at the UE, and performing multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the received one of the reference signals.
[0015] A second aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method that involves transmitting, from a network device of a communication network to a UE, a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of locations and a plurality of spatial directions, with each set of locations being associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprising a set of source locations of a respective reference signal. Such a method may also involve transmitting one of the reference signals from the network device to the UE.
[0016] An apparatus, which may be for a UE or for a network device for example, may include means to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.
[0017] For example, in an aspect, a communication apparatus may be configured to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.
[0018] An apparatus according to a further aspect of the present disclosure incudes a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit is configured to receive, at a UE from a network device of a communication network, a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of sets of locations and a plurality of spatial directions. Each set of locations is associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprises a set of source locations of a respective reference signal. The receiving unit is further configured to receive, at the UE, one of the reference signals. The processing unit is configured to perform multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the received one of the reference signals.
[0019] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to an apparatus that includes a transmitting unit. The transmitting unit is configured to transmit, from a network device of a communication network to a UE, a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of sets of locations and a plurality of spatial directions, each set of locations being associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprising a set of source locations of a respective reference signal. The transmitting unit is further configured to transmit one of the reference signals from the network device to the UE.
[0020] In other apparatus aspects, an apparatus may include a processor, or more generally one or more processors, configured to cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods as disclosed herein.
[0021] An apparatus may include a processor, or more generally one or more processors, and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that is coupled to the processor (s) and stores programming for execution by the processor (s) .
[0022] Another example apparatus includes one or more processors and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.
[0023] A storage medium need not necessarily or only be implemented in or in conjunction with such an apparatus. As an example, a computer-readable storage medium may have instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.
[0024] A computer program product, for example, may be or include a non-transitory computer readable medium storing programming for execution by a processor. A computer program product may also be described as storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform any of the methods disclosed herein. A computer-readable storage medium may have instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.
[0025] Programming stored by a computer readable storage medium may include instructions to, or to cause a processor to, perform, implement, support, or enable any of the methods or features disclosed herein.
[0026] A communication system is also disclosed, and may include a network device and a UE, configured to perform methods as disclosed herein. A communication system may also be described as including a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of the first aspect and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of the second aspect.
[0027] The present disclosure encompasses these and other aspects or embodiments.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] For a more complete understanding of the present implementations, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0029] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system.
[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system.
[0031] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus within a communication system.
[0032] FIG. 4 illustrates another example of an apparatus.
[0033] FIG. 5 illustrates yet another example of an apparatus.
[0034] FIG. 6 illustrates groups or sets of virtual transmit points (VTPs) associated with different spatial directions of different downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) resources.
[0035] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of adding a new layer for VTP locations to a “transmit and receive point (TRP) -locations info” information element (IE) .
[0036] FIG. 8 illustrates a signal flow diagram in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0037] FIG. 9 illustrates an another signal flow diagram in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0038] FIG. 10 illustrates a signal flow diagram in accordance with aspects of the present application in the case where a session management function (SMF) is part of a serving TRP.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] For illustrative purposes, specific example implementations will now be explained in greater detail in conjunction with the figures.
[0040] The implementations set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0041] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a , 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0042] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0043] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0044] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0045] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 107a, 107b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0046] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0047] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0048] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0049] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0050] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0051] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0052] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0053] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0054] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of:connection availability and connection necessity.
[0055] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0056] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0057] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0058] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0059] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0060] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0061] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0062] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0063] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0064] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0065] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0066] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0067] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0068] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated ) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0069] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0070] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0071] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0072] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0073] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0074] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0075] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0076] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0077] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0078] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. The communication includes transmitting signal (or data, information) to another component or device, or receives signal from another component or device. “transmitting” includes outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit (transmitting unit) . “receiving” includes inputting or obtaining a signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly couped to the interface circuit (receiving unit) . Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0079] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0080] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0081] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0082] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0083] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0084] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0085] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0086] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0087] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0088] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0089] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0090] Many known positioning methods, either in current communication systems such as 5G systems for example, or positioning systems such as GPS systems for example, assume that there is a line of sight (LoS) between a given positioning anchor and the given target UE. This assumption may not always be valid in reality. This assumption may be invalid due to the large distance between the positioning anchor and target UEs, e.g., hundreds of meters in 5G systems and tens of kilometers in GPS systems. This directly increases the probability of having a non-line of sight condition between the positioning anchor and the target UE due to LoS blockage and a multipath channel or environment. The multipath channel or environment can be caused by, for example, multiple-bounce reflections, diffraction and scattering experienced by positioning reference signals (PRS) while such signals traverse between anchor points and target UE.
[0091] Enhancing positioning accuracy, precision and integrity may involve alleviating the positioning errors due to the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) conditions between positioning anchors and target UEs by increasing the number of positioning anchors and providing information about the NLoS conditions to the entity that is to make measurements and / or calculate the target UE position (e.g., location management function (LMF) or target UE itself) . Increasing the number of positioning anchors through network densification, i.e., by densely deploying physical positioning anchors in a given area, may be shown to increase the probability of having line-of-sight condition between target UE and positioning anchors. However, it may be shown to have an adverse impact of the positioning accuracy due to the increased interference between positioning signals associated with those positioning anchors and the complexity of sharing different network resources across the positioning anchors.
[0092] Known positioning methods and procedures enable sharing information about NLoS conditions between nodes and terminals in order to increase the positioning accuracy. However, this information is limited to detecting and identifying whether the received PRS(s) experience NLoS condition or not. Many of these methods are based on utilizing statistical characteristics such as Rice factor, maximum received power, rising time mean excess delay, root mean square-delay spread. However, they may be shown to have very weak identification accuracy and require long-term channel sounding campaigns to collect those statistical characteristics. Additionally, some methods exploit real-time measurements and sophisticated algorithms to detect NLoS condition such as utilizing phase difference across multi-antenna or subcarriers. However, it may be shown that the capabilities of these methods and procedures are limited to identifying NLoS condition without quantifying the NLoS-bias (positioning error) associated with the NLoS condition.
[0093] One way of quantifying position NLoS-bias, which is an error in target UE position estimate due to NLoS condition experienced by received PRS, is by resolving multipath components of the received PRS and associating these components to positioning anchors. This involves designing sensing reference signals that enable accurately resolving multipath components of PRS at the receiver side and associations between spatial characteristics of PRS and its time-frequency characteristics and properties. One example is associating spatial directions of a transmitted PRS to unique frequency-time resources in terms of time division, in an implementation in which each PRS spatial direction is transmitted in a different time allocation (Beam sweeping) for instance. Another example is associating PRS spatial directions with digital or analog codes, such as chirp-based associations or associations based on Zadoff-Chu (ZC) codes, respectively.
[0094] Positioning anchors may be devices that relay or transmit positioning reference signals, or may be “induced” (and referred to as “environment-induced positioning anchors for example) by the refection of a transmitted PRS on surfaces of dominant environment objects before being received at a receiving node (e.g., the target UE) . Positioning anchors may act as originating transmission points (TPs) of dominant multipath components of the received PRS at the receiving node. The locations of positioning anchors may be known or, in the case of environment-induced positioning anchors, may be obtained by mathematically mirroring the location of a transmitting node (e.g., base station) on the surfaces of the dominant environment objects that potentially interact with the PRS traversing between this transmitting node and a target UE.
[0095] Positioning anchors may or may not have a physical presence. For example, in the case of a multipath component of a PRS that is reflected from a surface in an operating environment of a target UE, a source location of that PRS may be the location of an environment-induced positioning anchor, which may also be referred to as a virtual transmission point (VTP) . The location of such a source is a location in the environment, but there is no physical TP at that location. This is an example of a source that may be referred to as an apparent source or virtual source. The source location is an actual location, even though there may be no physical source at that source location.
[0096] Some implementations may also or instead include positioning anchors that have a physical presence at source locations. A relay device, for example, may be provided at a source location and may preserve equality of angle of incidence and angle of reflection when a PRS or other sensing reference signal is relayed. A resulting multipath component of a PRS may have a direction of arrival at a receiving node that is the same as if the PRS were reflected from a surface at the relay device, and accordingly an apparent source location could be determined for such a PRS. However, in the case of source that has a physical presence at a known actual location, that actual location may be used instead of determining an apparent source location. Relay devices are an example of a source has a physical presence, and other examples include reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and passive tags.
[0097] Therefore, implementations consistent with the present disclosure may involve one or more apparent source locations, one or more actual source locations, or source locations that include both one or more apparent source locations and one or more actual source locations.
[0098] Further regarding positioning anchors, positioning anchors may include a primary positioning anchor that transmits a PRS, such as a TRP with an antenna reference point (ARP) location. Such a positioning anchor may be considered and referred to as a primary positioning anchor because it (aTRP in this example) is the only anchor that sending an original positioning reference signal. One or more secondary positioning anchors may also be present, with either physical locations (like relays, passive tags or RISs for example) or apparent locations (like VTPs) . These types of positioning anchors may be considered and referred to as secondary positioning anchors, in that they do not produce an original positioning reference signal, but rather reflect or otherwise manipulate an original positioning reference signal that is transmitted by a primary positioning anchor (such as the TRP in the example above) .
[0099] Features disclosed herein may be applied for all secondary positioning anchors, to associate the anchors to spatial directions or beam indices, regardless of whether their locations are physical or apparent. Signaling of positioning anchors as assistant data for a UE, for example, may include a location type indicator (whether the location is physical or apparent) , because details of UE behavior can depend on the location type. For example, although a time adjustment may be applied at a UE to an estimated time of arrival of signals corresponding to the anchors with physical locations (e.g. relays) , but not for anchors with apparent locations (like VTPs) .
[0100] The accuracy of obtaining locations of positioning anchors highly influences the positioning accuracy of the target UE. Accurate locations of positioning anchors that have a physical presence may be known. In the case of environment-induced positioning anchors, for example, obtaining accurate locations depends on obtaining accurate information about the spatial characteristics of environment objects, such as locations, orientations, surfaces equations and / or vertices’ locations, and accurate information about the locations from which the transmitted PRS are transmitted. In many occasions, a transmit location is not the location of a base station, e.g., the location of the transmitting and reception point (TRP) , because a base station may be equipped with a plurality of antennas. Thus, it may be shown that utilizing a location of an antenna reference point (ARP) associated with a TRP or base station instead of the location of the TRP or base station itself may enhance the positioning accuracy of the target UE. Thus, the locations of the environment-induced positioning anchors or virtual transmission points may be obtained as functions of the locations of the antenna reference points instead of base station locations, with a goal of enhancing the positioning accuracy of the target UE.
[0101] Aspects of the present application relate to positioning procedures that strive to enhance the positioning accuracy of target UEs by using multiple positioning anchor points and target UEs, while utilizing low overhead signaling schemes and / or reduced computation complexity at target UEs.
[0102] Aspects of the present application may be found to be applicable to scenarios wherein a UE is to be positioned or localized with relatively high accuracy. The UE may be operating in the vicinity of one TRP while being able to connect with multiple other TRPs. The UE may be positioned using any relevant (NR) radio access technology (RAT) -dependent positioning methods, either in UE-based positioning or UE-assisted positioning modes for example. In aspects of the present application, three nodes or terminals may be involved in UE positioning. First, the terms SMF, LMF, and SMF / LMF are used, herein, to refer to a physical network entity or a logical network entity that may be considered to orchestrate the positioning process. Features of the SMF and / or LMF that relate to positioning may include, for example, any one or more of the following: (i) managing the time and frequency resources and configurations of positioning signals; (ii) assigning TRPs as positioning anchors to transmit DL-PRS (these TRPs may be referred to as reference points (RPs) ) ; (iii) sending or indicating positioning signal configurations and the association information between the configured DL-PRS resources, and their spatial directions, and sets of additional positioning anchors locations, to the target UE; (iv) sending or indicating the indices of selected DL-PRS resources, the indices of their spatial directions and the indices of the associated sets of positioning anchors locations, to the target UE; and (v) receiving feedback about an estimated position of a target UE or multipath measurements indexed by the indices of the sets of positioning anchors locations, or some of their entries, associated with the selected DL-PRS resources.
[0103] The term “additional or assisting positioning anchor location” is used, herein, to refer to a location of a source or apparent source, that may act as an originating transmit source location (anchor location) of an echo or other multipath component of a positioning reference signal that is related to one of multiple paths for which multipath measurements are to be observed and conducted, respectively, at the target UE.
[0104] The term “TRP” is used, herein, to refer to a network node (e.g., base station) . Features of TRPs that are related to positioning may include, for example, any one or more of the following: (i) transmitting DL-PRS over preconfigured / pre-indicated DL-PRS time-frequency resources; (ii) constructing sets of additional or assisting positioning anchor locations that can be associated to certain spatial directions (e.g., beamforming indices or beam indices) of the DL-PRS resources and (iii) indicating the association information between the sets of additional or assisting positioning anchor locations and the spatial directions of the DL-PRS resources to the SMF / LMF or alternatively, to the target UEs. Regarding (iii) , in some implementations a TRP may send assisting positioning anchor locations directly to the target UE through RRC, for example.
[0105] The term “target UE” is used, herein, to refer to a UE for which a position is to be estimated. Aspects of the present application relate to reducing signaling overhead and / or computation complexity in localizing or positioning the target UE.
[0106] Aspects of the present application relate to using positioning anchors for dominant multipath components associated with downlink positioning reference signals (DL-PRS) received at target UEs. Positioning anchors act as the originating and radiating sources of the DL-PRS multiple copies (also referred to as multipath components) received at target UEs. The dominant multiple copies of DL-PRSs are created as consequences of a DL-PRS, transmitted from a TRP / base station to a target UE, passing through a multipath channel (e.g., the transmitted DL-PRS is being relayed, retransmitted, or reflected by multiple environmental objects) before being received along with some its copies or echoes at the target UE. The definition of the locations (coordinates) of some positioning anchors, such as VTPs, may be based on antenna reference points’ locations, associated with TRPs involved in the positioning process, and spatial information of dominant environment objects that are near TRPs and / or the target UE. In the case of a LoS condition and multipath channel between the TRP sending a DL-PRS and the target UE, one of the multipath components received at the target UE can be associated to one ARP of that TRP, while the rest of the multipath components may be associated to a certain set of positioning anchors. On the other hand, in the case of a NLoS condition between the TRP sending a DL-PRS and the target UE, all multipath components may be associated to a certain set of positioning anchors instead of associating them to ARPs of that TRP.
[0107] A VTP, which is an example of a positioning anchor or source, may be defined for a certain ARP as a point of transmission that conceptually represents a bounce (reflection) of an RF signal, e.g., DL-PRS, transmitted from an antenna reference point of a certain TRP or TP (such as a base station, or a PRS-only TP) , on a certain surface of an environmental object. Accordingly, the location (position) of a VTP, defined for a certain ARP, is a location obtained as a function of the location of an antenna reference point of a certain TRP and spatial information of a certain environmental object. Such spatial information may include, for example, one or more of the following: surface equation, group of vertices, polygon, or ellipsoid points of this environment object.
[0108] Defining VTPs’ locations as additional positioning anchors’ locations associated with ARPs’ locations may help in directly increasing the number of positioning anchors points where each ARP would be associated with a group of VTPs, thereby enhancing the accuracy of positioning the target UE where these VTPs provide additional lines of positions or additional positioning equations when properly associated with multipath measurements conducted on DL-PRS at the target UE. Additionally, VTPs may help in further enhancing the positioning accuracy of the target UE by exploiting NLoS conditions through resolving multipath components and associating them to VTPs to produce more positioning anchors instead of allowing NLoS conditions to bias the positioning accuracy of the target UE.
[0109] More generally, associations and other features herein are not in any way limited to VTPs or environment-induced positioning anchors. Locations based on the ARP of a primary positioning anchor such as a TRP may be particularly relevant to VTPs, for example, but this does not in any way restrict embodiments to VTPs. Positioning anchors may include VTPs, or positioning anchors that have a physical presence at their locations, or both VTPs and positioning anchors that have a physical presence at their locations, even if certain features may be more applicable to certain types of positioning anchors than others.
[0110] Aspects of the present application relate to associating a set, or group, or plurality of positioning anchors and / or their locations with the spatial information of DL-PRSs, configured or selected for positioning a target UE, and the multipath measurements conducted on these DL-PRSs at the target UE. The association may be based on pairing each DL-PRS resources’ spatial direction to a set of positioning anchors. There might be an overlap between the different sets of the positioning anchors, depending on whether the spatial directions of the different DL-PRS resources are overlapping with each other or not. For instance, if two different DL-PRS resources are transmitted on two different yet overlapping beams, their associated sets of positioning anchors may be overlapping and have some common entries. This association may provide the entity that calculates the target UE position, which is the target UE itself in the case of a UE-based positioning mode or the LMF in the case of a UE-assisted positioning mode, with a specific set of locations, that potentially act as the originating sources of the multipath measurements and are associated with a specific spatial direction of a certain DL-PRS. The spatial information is not limited to spatial directions of the DL-PRS resources, such as angles of departure, but it may also or instead include beam information, such as any one or more of the following: beam index, angles of departure integrity or accuracy, angles of arrival and their accuracies, and beam relative powers. The multipath measurements conducted on the received DL-PRS may involve estimating one or more of the following: the delays of the different received paths, their angles of arrival, their powers, and their Doppler shifts. Given the set of the positioning anchors and / or their locations, and the set of the multipath measurements associated (e.g., labelled) with the same spatial information of the DL-PRS resources, the entity that is to calculate the target UE position may be able to efficiently associate some entries of the positioning anchor set with some entries of the set of multipath measurements.
[0111] In another embodiment, the association information, delivered to the target UE, may be to pair DL-PRS time-frequency resources to sets of positioning anchors.
[0112] Moreover, in some embodiments, the different PRS spatial directions may be related with different parameters of PRSs (e.g., sequence seed) . For instance, in code-based systems, PRS spatial directions may be related to sequence root, seed, or cyclic shift for systems utilizing ZC sequences; whereas, PRS spatial directions may be mapped to different initial frequencies or slopes of LFM signals. In such cases, the association between the sets of VTPs locations and different PRS resources’s patial directions may be indicated through the parameters of the code or sequence (e.g., initial frequencies and slopes of the LFM signal, or sequence roots and cyclic shifts for ZC sequences) .
[0113] Herein, “LFM” refers to linear frequency modulation. The terms linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal and chirp signal can be used interchangeably in the present disclosure. An LFM signal is a signal whose frequency is a linear function of time. The slope of the signal is called LFM rate (also known as chirp rate) .
[0114] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a TRP that is participating in a positioning procedure of a target UE, and which may have one or multiple ARPs (two of which are shown as ARP1 and ARP2 in FIG. 6) , and is configured with M multiple DL-PRS resources that have M respective different spatial directions. The TRP associates each spatial direction with a group of positioning anchors. VTPs are shown as positioning anchors as an example, in which case the positioning anchor locations are based on ARP1 location and the environment information about the surrounding environment objects. The target UE receives a DL-PRS transmitted on beam 2 (i.e., spatial direction 2) in the example shown. The target UE conducts multipath measurements and is expected to measure three paths, including one LOS path and two NLoS paths. In this case, the measurements related to the LOS path may be associated to ARP1 and its location as the originating source of the LOS path, whereas the other measurements related to the two NLOS paths may be associated to VTPs in group 2 (VTP2, 1 and VTP2, 6) and their locations as the originating sources of the two NLOS paths via reflection of the DL-PRS on beam 2 from Object 1 and Object 6.
[0115] Associating a plurality of sets of positioning anchors (the sets are labelled as groups in FIG. 6) with respective spatial directions of DL-PRS resources has many potential benefits in enhancing the positioning accuracy of a target UE while reducing signaling overhead and / or computational complexity at the target UE. In one aspect, it increases the potential number of positioning anchors per spatial direction or per DL-PRS resource and eventually, per multipath measurement conducted on the DL-PRS resources. Each DL-PRS resource (agroup of resource elements) is transmitted in a certain spatial direction over a certain beam (spatial filter) ; accordingly, associating a set of positioning anchors with a spatial direction may be described as having an effect of increasing the number of positioning anchors per spatial direction or per DL-PRS resource or per beam, for example. In contrast, current positioning procedures limit the number of positioning anchor locations per spatial direction or per DL-PRS resource to only one positioning anchor location. For instance, according to the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) , the LMF signals one ARP location for each DL-PRS resource or each DL-PRS resource-ID. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the number of positioning anchors (in a set) associated with each spatial direction of the DL-PRS resources is much smaller than the total number of positioning anchors of all spatial directions available at a TRP. With reference to FIG. 6, for example, a respective set of positioning anchors, which is a subset of all of the available positioning anchors, is associated with each spatial direction, instead of associating all positioning anchor locations with the TRP. Smaller set or group associations can help enhance the positioning accuracy of the target UE by reducing the probability of error in associating some entries of the set of the positioning anchors and / or their locations with some entries of a set of multipath measurements. In the context of multiple sets (such as the groups in FIG. 6) , multiple sets of positioning anchors are associated with multiple spatial directions, such that PRS source signal locations in each set are associated with the same spatial direction.
[0116] Current new radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT) -dependent positioning methods, e.g., NR time difference of arrival (TDOA) , only associate one ARP with each configured or selected DL-PRS resource. This association is to inform the entity calculating the target UE position that the location of the originating source of certain DL-PRS resources is the location of the associated ARP. This association information is delivered from each TRP participating in positioning to the LMF through New Radio Positioning Protocol (NRPPa) as part of TRP Info. Additionally, it is delivered from the LMF to the target UE through LPP as a part of assistance data.
[0117] Moreover, in current NR RAT-dependent positioning methods, DL-PRS resources have uniquely identifiable spatial information, i.e., beam information which contains spatial directions and antenna beam information. The DL-PRS resources are associated with frequency and time resources in a way that each group of frequency and time resources, i.e., the DL-PRS resource, has a different spatial direction. Particularly, in LPP, the combination of the three IDs dl-PRS-ID, dl-PRS-ResourceSet-ID, and dl-PRS-Resources-ID uniquely identifies a DL-PRS resource. The combination of the three IDs is used to identify and associate spatial directions with DL-PRS resources in LPP as part of assistance data in the NR-DL-PRS-BeamInfo field. The assistance data includes beam (spatial direction) association information for each DL-PRS Resource. In this signalling protocol, the hierarchy of embedding beam information (e.g., spatial directions) follows the same hierarchy of the IDs of the PRS information as part of assistance data, i.e., the hierarchy starts at the positioning frequency layers level, then TRPs level, then PRS resource set level, and finally PRS resource level. Similarly, in LPP, ARPs association with DL-PRS resources is based on utilizing the PRS IDs and its hierarchy. In particular, the NR-TRP-LocationInfo field includes the association information of ARPs and DL-PRS resources.
[0118] Aspects of the present application relate to utilizing the hierarchy and the different IDs (DL-PRS, DL-PRS resource set and DL-PRS resources) of the LPP assistance data and PRS information in providing association between DL-PRS resources and sets of positioning anchors locations, in addition to the ARPs locations. The association may be based on pairing each DL-PRS resource and its spatial direction with a set of locations, in addition to the location of ARP. This set of locations includes a location of an originating transmit source of a reference signal for each multipath measurement that the target UE is expected to conduct on the associated DL-PRS resource. Aspects of the present application relate to delivering the association information related to associating the sets of the positioning anchors locations with DL-PRS resources and their spatial directions from the network entity that manages the whole positioning process between the different TRPs and the target UEs, e.g., the LMF to the target UE (in case of the positioning procedure is on UE-based positioning mode) . The association may be efficiently implemented, as part of LPP, by embedding the additional positioning anchors locations into common NR Positioning Information Elements such as NR-TRP-LocationInfo information element (IE) , NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceData, NR-DL-PRS-BeamInfo, NR-DL-PRS-Info, NR-TRP-BeamAntennaInfo or any relevant IE (s) . The positioning anchor locations for each group are added as an ordered list where the order of certain entry in this list acts as its index. The association follows the existing hierarchy of the NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceData and NR-TRP-locationInfo.
[0119] Some aspects of the present application relate to delivering the association information related to associating the sets of the positioning anchors locations with DL-PRS resources and their spatial directions from the relevant TRP to the network entity that manages the whole positioning process between the different TRPs and the target UEs, e.g., the LMF.
[0120] As an example, the sets of the additional positioning anchors locations can be added to TRP-Locations info IE by adding another layer to its hierarchy for the sets of the VTPs locations as indicated in FIG. 7.
[0121] Such a new layer, shown by way of example as the bottom layer in FIG. 7, can be added to the hierarchy by introducing subfield into the existing IE, e.g., introducing a subfield named dl-PRS-Resource-VTP-List as a sequence of VTP-Elements. These subfield and element names reference “VTP” , but are just examples. These names, and other references to VTPs herein, are not in any way intended to restrict implementations to VTPs.
[0122] Each VTP-Element may include a subfield that contain the VTP locations (or more generally each of a number of elements may include a subfield that contains positioning anchor locations) , in geodetic coordinates for example. Such a subfield may be named as dl-PRS-Resource-VTP-location in the case of VTPs, for example. An element may include a subfield that contains the locations in Cartesian coordinates for example, and may be named as dl-PRS-Resource-VTP-location Cartesian for VTP locations, for example. A location may be defined relative to a certain reference point location, e.g., ARP or TRP location. Such fields may be accompanied with one or more other subfields that contain information about, for example, location accuracy, integrity and / or offsets, due to the having offsets between the associated ARP. Such additional information, in one or more other subfields for example, may be included for the purpose of calibrating ARP locations used in obtaining the positioning anchor locations. The number of elements might be limited to a maximum number, according to a parameter, such as for example, which indicates that maximum number of locations per PRS-resources or spatial direction.
[0123] Some aspects of the present application relate to identifying and calculating spatial characteristics of the transmitted DL-PRS. Such characteristics may include any one or more of the following, for example: expected AOD, expected AOA, and temporal characteristics (e.g., delay, expected delay spread) , of the multipath measurements of certain paths associated with the DL-PRS as functions or related to the locations of positioning anchor points defined for this DL-PRS and its ARP.
[0124] Herein, “AOD” and “AOA” refer to angle of departure and angle of arrival, respectively.
[0125] Aspects of the present application relate to indicating, to a target UE in case of UE-based positioning mode for example, a selected set of positioning anchor locations for a given DL-PRS resource from a plurality of preconfigured or pre-indicated sets of positioning anchor locations and their association information with a preconfigured plurality of DL-PRS resources. Due to the association between the plurality of DL-PRS resources and their spatial directions and the plurality of sets of positioning anchor locations, where this association information is pre-configured or pre-indicated to the entity calculating the target UE position, the indication of a selected set of positioning anchor locations may be done by indicating the selected DL-PRS resource ID for the current positioning occasion and its associated IDs for example.
[0126] One way of indicating the selected positioning anchors for a current positioning occasion may involve utilizing the NR-SelectedDL-PRS-IndexList IE, in LPP, which is used by the LMF to provide the selected DL-PRS Resource of nr-DL-PRS-AssistanceDataList to the target device. This is by allowing the nr-dl-SelectedPRS-ResourceIdIndex IE to indicate the address of the set of positioning anchor locations that are associated with the addressed DL-PRS Resource of the selected DL-PRS Resource Set of the TRP of the selected frequency layer. One implementation involves using Value 0 to correspond to the first entry in dl-PRS-ResourceList in IE NR-DL-PRS-Info provided in IE NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceData, and using Value 1 to correspond to the second entry in the dl-PRS-ResourceList in IE NR-DL-PRS-Info, and so on. This reduces the signalling overhead required to indicate the selected sets of positioning anchor locations (no need for a new hierarchy and IE to be introduced or indicated) .
[0127] In practice, some positioning anchor locations within certain sets might not be visible at certain target UE locations for a given DL-PRS resource (and / or spatial direction) . Aspects of the present application relevant to this case relate to introducing an additional layer in an indication hierarchy of the relevant IEs to indicate the visibility of certain positioning anchor locations within the positioning anchor locations set. As an example, a subfield may be added, on top of the current hierarchy, and may be named nr-dl-SelectedVTP-IdIndex subfield for VTPs for example, to indicate the selected or visible positioning anchor locations form a particular positioning anchor locations set that are associated with the addressed DL-PRS Resource of the selected DL-PRS Resource Set of the TRP of the selected frequency layer. One example implementation involves using value 0 to correspond to the first entry in dl-PRS-Resource-VTP-location, and using value 1 to correspond to the second entry in the dl-PRS-Resource-VTP-location, and so on.
[0128] Aspects of the present application relate to the target UE behavior, in UE-based positioning mode, in utilizing the association information between sets of positioning anchor locations and a plurality of DL-PRS resources and their spatial directions, and in performing multipath measurements. For example, upon receiving dl-PRS-Resource-VTP-List included either in TRP-Locations info / DL-PRS Resource or any relevant IE, as part of positioning assistance data or information, the target UE will be able to store and / or build a dictionary or a look up table for lists and / or sets of potential positioning anchor locations where each list / set is labeled or indexed by a unique DL-PRS Resource ID and / or spatial direction (ID, e.g., beam index) . The indexing of these dictionaries (or look up tables) may include all the different indexing layers, starting from indices related to positioning frequency layers, indices related to different potential TRPs for positioning procedures, indices related to various potential resource set for each TRP, and indices related to the different potential PRs resources per resource sets (see FIG. 7 for an example) . Upon receiving the indication of the selected DL-PRS-resource for the current positioning occasion, the UE identifies the set of positioning anchor locations that may be observed on the received DL-PRS resource for each TRP. Additionally, the target UE performs multipath related measurements, which includes triplets of delay, azimuth angle of arrival, zenith angle of arrival, velocity and / or Doppler shifts per path, or just delay on the received DL-PRS resource, for example, for each TRP. The target UE associates the multipath measurements to the members of the positioning anchor locations set associated with the DL-PRS. This illustrates an example of how the target UE may be able to create multiple lines of position per the received DL-PRS for a given TRP utilizing the both the multipath measurements and the set of positioning anchor locations associated with this DL-PRS. The location of the target UE is based on intersection multiple lines of position (position lines) . These lines of position might be straight lines, circular lines, hyperbolas, for example. A line of position provides an indication at to where the target UE could possibly be with respect to one (in case of straight line or circle) or two (in case of a hyperbola) anchor locations.
[0129] The target UE may report either estimated location based on association information or a measurement, labelled by the index the DL PRS-resources for example. In some implementations, when the target UE is feeding back measurements, to the LMF for example, measurements are labeled and / or indexed by the same hierarchy used to index positioning anchor locations in LPP assistance data (e.g., the hierarchy of a TRP info location IE) .
[0130] In the examples above, multipath measurements may include triplets of delay, azimuth angle of arrival, zenith angle of arrival, velocity and / or Doppler shifts per path, or just delay on the received DL-PRS resource. More generally, multipath measurements may include one or more fields or types of information. Multipath measurements that include may also be referred to as measurement tuples.
[0131] FIG. 8 illustrates at 800, in a signal flow diagram, a flow of information, sensing signals and feedback associated with aspects of the present application. For the purposes of simplifying FIG. 8, it may be assumed TRPs and SMF / LMF are different network nodes, where the SMF / LMF is configured to control and handle sensing and / or positioning resources for a group of TRPs. FIG. 8, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10 described below, refer to VTP (s) , but again a VTP is just an example of a positioning anchor. Implementations are not limited to VTPs, and features referenced herein in the context of VTPs may be extended to other types of positioning anchors.
[0132] In some implementations, a signaling procedure involves delivering, from a TRP to the target SMF / LMF, sets of positioning anchor locations along with their association information with the configured DL-PRS resources and their spatial information as part of positioning assistance data, through NRPPa messaging between TRPs and LMF / SMF, for example. This is illustrated by way of example at the top left in FIG. 8 at 802.
[0133] Next, at 804 in the example shown in FIG. 8, the LMF / SMF delivers, to the target UE, sets of positioning anchor locations along with their association information with the configured DL-PRS resources and their spatial information as part of positioning assistance data, through LPP messaging between the LMF and the target UE for example. During the positioning occasions, the LMF / SMF may deliver, to the target UE, the indices of the selected or addressed DL-PRS resources and, optionally, indicate the potential visible elements of the selected and / or addressed set of positioning anchor locations associated with the addressed DL-PRS resources, as shown at 806. Upon receiving the assistance data related to the sets of positioning anchor locations and the sensing signal (s) shown at 808 in FIG. 8 as DL-PRS signals, the target UE stores and / or builds DL-PRS resources ID-VTPs LUT (look up table) , identifies the selected positioning anchor sets and their visible elements, performs multipath measurements, associates positioning anchor to these multipath measurements and either calculates its own position as shown at 810 and transmits the calculated position as feedback to the LMF, or transmits, as feedback to the LMF, the measurements indexed by the indices of the addressed positioning anchor locations in the example shown, at 812.
[0134] Implementations may include one or more of the operations shown in FIG. 9. In general, implementations may include additional, fewer, or different operations than shown in FIG. 9 and / or in other drawings.
[0135] This also applies to other examples, including the example in FIG. 10 and / or the example in FIG. 8.
[0136] Alternatively, TRPs may deliver, directly to the target UE, sets of positioning anchor locations along with their association information to the configured DL-PRS resources and their spatial information, through semi-static signaling such as radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling for example, as indicated at 904 in FIG. 9. Otherwise, the example in FIG. 9 is similar to the example in FIG. 8.
[0137] With reference to the numbers in Figs. 8 and 9, the example 900 is similar to the example 800, and both examples include similar features at 802 / 902, 808 / 908, 810 / 910, and 812 / 912. As shown at 906, in some embodiments, during positioning occasions TRPs (instead of the LMF / SMF at 806 in FIG. 8) may deliver, to the target UE, the indices of the selected or addressed DL-PRS resources and, optionally, indicate the potential visible elements of the selected and / or addressed set of positioning anchor locations associated with the addressed DL-PRS resources.
[0138] FIG. 10 illustrates at 1000, in a signal flow diagram, another example of flow of information, sensing signals and feedback associated with aspects of the present application. In FIG. 10, it is assumed that the functionality of the SMF is distributed over different TRPs, e.g., each TRP has the relevant SMF functionality. Alternatively, the SMF might be part of the serving TRP. The signal flow of FIG. 8 also applies to the example in FIG. 10, except that TRPs do not deliver assistance data to the SMF in the FIG. 10 example because SMF functionality is part of TRP functionality in the FIG. 10 example.
[0139] With reference to the numbers in Figs. 8 and 10, the example 1000 is similar to the example 800, and both examples include similar features at 804 / 1004, 806 / 1006, 808 / 1008, 810 / 1010, and 812 / 1012.
[0140] Aspects of the present disclosure include, as an example, implementations that involve associations between a plurality of sets (which may be referred to herein as sets, groups, or pluralities) of locations and a plurality of spatial directions. Each set of locations is associated with a respective one of the spatial directions. Expressed another way, pluralities of locations (multiple sets of locations, multiple groups of locations, or multiple pluralities of locations) are associated with a plurality of spatial directions, such that each plurality of locations is associated with a certain (respective) spatial direction. In this sense each set, group, or plurality may be considered to be assigned to its own spatial direction. Each set, group, or plurality is a set of source locations of a respective reference signal. There may be overlap between sets, or each set may be unique. With reference to FIG. 6, there are M sets (labelled as groups) , and each set is associated with a respective one of M beams (spatial directions.
[0141] Such associations may be used in the context of any of various implementations, including methods for example.
[0142] A method that may be relevant to UE behavior for example, includes receiving, at a UE from a network device of a communication network, a configuration indicating such associations. The network device from which such a configuration is received may be, for example a base station or TRP (as in FIG. 9 at 904, for example) , or a network device at which LMF functionality is supported (as in FIG. 10 at 1004, for example) . Receiving the configuration may involve receiving the configuration in RRC signaling for example. Configuration transfer may involve multiple network devices, as in the case of the configuration being transmitted to the UE from the LMF through a base station or TRP for example (as in FIG. 8 at 804) . In this case of the configuration being transmitted from an LMF through another network device, receiving the configuration may involve receiving the configuration in LPP assistance data.
[0143] Such a method may also involve receiving one of the reference signals at the UE. Receiving a reference signal is shown by way of example as “DL-PRS signals” at 808, 908, 1008 in Figs. 8 to 10. The receiving may involve receiving the reference signal over multiple paths, as indicated by the plural “signals” at 808, 908, 1008 in Figs. 8 to 10, such that a method may involve performing multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the received reference signal. Performing multipath measurements may also be referred to as taking, collecting, obtaining, or observing multipath measurements, for example.
[0144] The blocks 810, 910, 1010 in Figs. 8 to 10 illustrate, by way of example, operations that include performing multipath measurements.
[0145] Such method may also involve calculating a position of the UE based on the multipath measurements. This feature is shown by way of example in the block 810, 910, 1010 at the right in each of Figs. 8 to 10.
[0146] Some implementations may involve transmitting the position of the UE or the multipath measurements from the UE to the network device, as shown by way of example at the bottom of each of Figs. 8 to 10, at 812, 912, 1012.
[0147] Transmitting the multipath measurements may involve transmitting the measurements with respective indications of respective source locations with which each multipath measurement is associated. An example of this is also shown at the bottom of Figs. 8 to 10 at 812, 912, 1012, wherein the measurements are indexed by PRS Resource IDs. A method may involve associating the multipath measurements with respective source locations as shown at 810, 910, 1010, so that the multipath measurements can be transmitted with such indications of source locations.
[0148] As described elsewhere herein, positioning anchors, sources, or locations are not limited to VTPs. Locations may include either or both of the following: a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal (or more generally one or more source locations of one or more apparent sources of one or more reference signals) ; a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal (or more generally one or more source locations of one or more actual sources of one or more reference signals) .
[0149] A configuration may further indicate whether each location is a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal or a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal, so that multipath measurements can be processed appropriately. For example, although a time adjustment may be applied at a UE to an estimated time of arrival of signals corresponding to anchors with physical locations (actual sources) , but need not be applied for anchors with apparent locations (apparent sources) .
[0150] Selected sources or source locations from which a reference signal may be observed by a target UE may be signaled to the target UE. Therefore, a method may involve receiving, at a UE, signaling that indicates a set of the source locations for which the multipath measurements are to be performed. The signaling may be or include RRC signaling or LPP assistance data, for example.
[0151] Such signaling, and receiving such signaling, are shown by way of example at 806, 906, 1006 in Figs. 8 to 10.
[0152] Other features may also or instead be provided. For example, the spatial directions may be formed in any of various ways. A spatial direction of a reference signal may be obtained by forming a transmit beam or otherwise strengthening the transmitted reference signal power in that spatial direction. Another possibility is that the spatial directions are the directions of beams or a spatial filter, or directions of transmission of transmitted reference signals.
[0153] From a network side, a method that may be relevant to network device behavior involves transmitting the configuration from a network device to a UE, and subsequently transmitting a reference signal to the UE. These transmitting features are shown by way of example in Figs. 8-10 as transmission of locations and association information and transmission of DL-PRS signals.
[0154] Transmitting the configuration may involve transmitting the configuration in RRC signaling for example. The transmitting may be indirect, from an LMF through a base station or TRP for example (as in FIG. 8 at 804) , and may involve transmitting the configuration in LPP assistance data for example.
[0155] Such a method may also involve receiving, at the network device from the UE, multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals and / or a position of the UE as calculated at the UE based on the multipath measurements. The multipath measurements may be received with respective indications of respective source locations with which each multipath measurement is associated, as shown at the bottom of Figs. 8 to 10 at 812, 912, 1012. In these drawings, the measurements are indexed by PRS Resource IDs. In some implementations, the received multipath measurements and / or position of the UE may be transmitted from the network device to a further network device, such as from a base station or TRP to a network device at which LMF functionality is provided.
[0156] As described elsewhere herein, locations may include either or both of the following: a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal (or more generally one or more source locations of one or more apparent sources of one or more reference signals) ; a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal (or more generally one or more source locations of one or more actual sources of one or more reference signals) .
[0157] As described at least above, a configuration may further indicate whether each location is a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal or a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal. This enables multipath measurements to be processed appropriately at a UE, by applying a time adjustment to an estimated time of arrival of signals corresponding to anchors with physical locations (actual sources) , and not applying such an adjustment for anchors with apparent locations (apparent sources) .
[0158] Selected sources or source locations from which a reference signal may be observed by a target UE may be signaled to the target UE, and accordingly a method may involve transmitting, from the network device to a UE, signaling that indicates a set of the source locations for which the multipath measurements are to be performed. The signaling may be or include RRC signaling or LPP assistance data, for example.
[0159] Such signaling, and transmitting such signaling, are shown by way of example at 806, 906, 1006 in Figs. 8 to 10.
[0160] Other features may also or instead be provided, such as the above examples of features related forming spatial directions.
[0161] The present disclosure encompasses various examples, including not only method examples, but also other examples such as apparatus examples and examples related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Examples may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein. Examples and implementations that include other features, and / or relate to other categories of subject matter such as apparatus, UEs, network devices, chips, processors, non-transitory computer readable storage media, computer program products, programming stored by computer readable storage media, systems, etc., are also possible.
[0162] An apparatus may include one or more processors configured, by executing instructions or programming for example, to cause the apparatus to perform a method or operations, or to provide or support features, disclosed herein. An apparatus may also include memory or one or more storage media, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The storage medium or media may be coupled to the processor (s) and store instructions or programming for execution by the processor (s) . For example, the processors 210 and 260 in FIG. 3 may each be or include one or more processors and the example apparatus 410 in FIG. 4 may include one or more processors / processor cores 411. Each memory 208 and 258 in FIG. 3 and 413 in FIG. 4 is an example of a storage medium that may be provided in an apparatus. A storage medium need not necessarily be provided only in combination with a processor, and may be provided separately in a computer program product, for example.
[0163] As an illustrative example, instructions or programming stored in or on a storage medium may include instructions or programming to, or to cause a processor, an apparatus, or a component thereof to, perform any of the operations or provide any of the features disclosed herein. A processor, device, or other component may otherwise be configured to perform any of the operations or provide any of the features disclosed herein.
[0164] Apparatus examples are not limited to the foregoing examples, or to processor-based or programming-based examples. An apparatus may also or instead include, for example, one or more units configured to perform any of the operations or provide any of the features disclosed herein. Examples of such units are provided in Figs. 3 to 5, including the illustrated components of the example apparatus 310, the example apparatus 320, the example apparatus 410, and the example apparatus 510.
[0165] In some unit-based examples, an apparatus may include one or both of a receiving unit and a transmitting unit, as a communication unit as shown at 513 in FIG. 5 for example, and a processing unit as shown by way of example at 512 in FIG. 5. A communication unit may be provided in some apparatus examples, and may include a receiving unit, a transmitting unit, or both.
[0166] One example apparatus includes a receiving unit, configured to: receive, at a UE from a network device of a communication network, a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of sets of locations and a plurality of spatial directions, each set of locations being associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprising a set of source locations of a respective reference signal; and to receive, at the UE, one of the reference signals. Such an apparatus may also include a processing unit, configured to perform multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the received one of the reference signals.
[0167] Examples related to such an apparatus, and other implementations such as those related to instructions or programming, may include any one or more of the following features, for example, which are also discussed elsewhere herein:
[0168] the processing unit may be further configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, calculate a position of the UE based on the multipath measurements;
[0169] an apparatus may further include a transmitting unit configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, transmit the position of the UE from the UE to the network device;
[0170] an apparatus may further include a transmitting unit configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, transmit the multipath measurements from the UE to the network device;
[0171] the transmitting unit may be configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, transmit the multipath measurements by transmitting the multipath measurements with respective indications of respective source locations with which each multipath measurement is associated;
[0172] the processing unit may be further configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, associate the multipath measurements with the respective source locations;
[0173] the locations may include a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal, a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal, or both;
[0174] the configuration may further indicate whether each location is a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal or a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal;
[0175] the receiving unit may be further configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, receive at the UE, signaling that indicates a set of the source locations for which the multipath measurements are to be performed;
[0176] the signaling may be or include RRC signaling or LPP assistance data;
[0177] the receiving unit may be configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, receive the configuration in RRC signaling or LPP assistance data.
[0178] The apparatus examples above (and further examples below) are intended to be illustrative and non-limiting. More generally, an apparatus or a component thereof may be configured to, or instructions or programming may (when executed) cause an apparatus or a component thereof to perform any of the operations or provide any of the features disclosed herein.
[0179] Another example apparatus includes a transmitting unit, configured to transmit, from a network device of a communication network to a UE, a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of sets of locations and a plurality of spatial directions, each set of locations being associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprising a set of source locations of a respective reference signal. The transmitting unit may be further configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, transmit one of the reference signals from the network device to the UE.
[0180] Examples related to such an apparatus, and other implementations such as those related to instructions or programming, may include any one or more of the following features, for example, which are also discussed elsewhere herein:
[0181] an apparatus may include a receiving unit configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, receive, at the network device from the UE, a position of the UE calculated at the UE based on multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals;
[0182] an apparatus may include a receiving unit configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, receive, at the network device from the UE, multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals;
[0183] an apparatus may include a receiving unit configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, receive, at the network device from the UE: multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals and / or a position of the UE calculated at the UE based on the multipath measurements;
[0184] the transmitting unit may be further configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, transmit, from the network device to a further network device, the received multipath measurements and / or position;
[0185] a receiving unit may be configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, receive the multipath measurements with respective indications of respective source locations with which each multipath measurement is associated;
[0186] the locations may include either or both of: a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal, or a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal;
[0187] the configuration may further indicate whether each location is a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal or a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal;
[0188] the transmitting unit may be further configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, transmit, from the network device to the UE, signaling that indicates a set of the source locations for the transmitted one of the reference signals;
[0189] the signaling may be or include RRC signaling or LPP assistance data;
[0190] the transmitting unit may be configured to, or instructions or programming may cause a processor or the apparatus to, transmit the configuration in RRC signaling or LPP assistance data.
[0191] These apparatus examples, like others herein, are intended to be illustrative and non-limiting, and more generally, an apparatus or a component thereof may be configured to, or instructions or programming may (when executed) cause an apparatus or a component thereof to perform any of the operations or provide any of the features disclosed herein.
[0192] Other features disclosed herein may also or instead be provided or supported in apparatus examples. For example, an apparatus or a component thereof may be configured to perform any step or operation that is disclosed in the context of a method.
[0193] Apparatus examples are not in any way restricted to single devices. A communication system, for example, may include a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus that are configured to provide transmitting / receiving features that are counterparts of each other. For example, one of the first communication apparatus and the second communication apparatus may transmit a configuration and a reference signal that are received by the other. More generally, a communication system may include any of the features disclosed herein.
[0194] Reference is made herein to associations between locations (and / or positioning anchors or sources) and spatial directions (and / or beams and / or resources and / or reference signals) . Any of these terms may be used to describe associations based upon which multipath measurements may be mapped to source locations and used in UE positioning.
[0195] For example, an association may be described as being between resources and locations, and the present disclosure may also refer to an association between locations and a PRS. Some current standards restrict each DL-PRS resource to one spatial direction (beam or beam direction / spatial filter) . Beam, spatial filter, and spatial direction are equivalent and mean that the transmitted RF signal has a certain peak in a certain specific direction. A beam may be formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received by at least one antenna port. A beam may be formed by using another method, for example, adjusting a related parameter of an antenna unit. The beam may include a Tx beam and / or an Rx beam. The transmit beam indicates distribution of signal strength formed in different directions in space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna. The receive beam indicates distribution of signal strength that is of a wireless signal received from an antenna and that is in different directions in space.
[0196] Associations as disclosed herein may be described using any of these terms.
[0197] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0198] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0199] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0200] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0201] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0202] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0203] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0204] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0205] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0206] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0207] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0208] Although aspects of the disclosure of the present invention have been described with reference to specific features and example embodiments thereof, various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the invention. The description and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded simply as an illustration of some embodiments of the invention as defined by the appended claims, and are contemplated to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents that fall within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, although embodiments and potential advantages have been described in detail, various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
[0209] Moreover, any module, component, or device exemplified herein that executes instructions may include or otherwise have access to a non-transitory computer readable or processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer readable or processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer readable or processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile disc (DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and nonremovable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer readable or processor readable storage media may be part of a device or accessible or connectable thereto. Any application or module herein described may be implemented using instructions that are readable and executable by a computer or processor may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer readable or processor readable storage media.
[0210] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0211] The following acronyms, abbreviations, and initialisms may be referenced herein.
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving, at a user equipment (UE) from a network device of a communication network, a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of sets of locations and a plurality of spatial directions, each set of locations being associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprising a set of source locations of a respective reference signal;receiving, at the UE, one of the reference signals;performing multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the received one of the reference signals.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:calculating a position of the UE based on the multipath measurements.3.The method of claim 2, further comprising:transmitting, from the UE to the network device, the position of the UE.4.The method of claim 1, further comprising:transmitting the multipath measurements from the UE to the network device.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the transmitting comprises transmitting the multipath measurements with respective indications of respective source locations with which each multipath measurement is associated.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the locations comprise either or both of:a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal;a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the configuration further indicates whether each location is a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal or a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:receiving, at the UE, signaling that indicates a set of the source locations for which the multipath measurements are to be performed.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein receiving the configuration comprises receiving the configuration in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) assistance data.10.The method of claim 8, wherein the signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) assistance data.11.A method comprising:transmitting, from a network device of a communication network to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of locations and a plurality of spatial directions, each set of locations being associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprising a set of source locations of a respective reference signal;transmitting, from the network device to the UE, one of the reference signals.12.The method of claim 11, further comprising:receiving, at the network device from the UE, a position of the UE calculated at the UE based on multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals.13.The method of claim 11, further comprising:receiving, at the network device from the UE, multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals.14.The method of claim 11, further comprising:receiving, at the network device from the UE: multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals and / or a position of the UE calculated at the UE based on the multipath measurements;transmitting, from the network device to a further network device, the received multipath measurements and / or position.15.The method of claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the receiving comprises receiving the multipath measurements with respective indications of respective source locations with which each multipath measurement is associated.16.The method of any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the locations comprise either or both of:a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal;a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the configuration further indicates whether each location is a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal or a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal.18.The method of any one of claims 11 to 17, further comprising:transmitting, from the network device to the UE, signaling that indicates a set of the source locations for the transmitted one of the reference signals.19.The method of any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein transmitting the configuration comprises transmitting the configuration in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) assistance data.20.The method of claim 18, wherein the signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) assistance data.21.An apparatus comprising:a receiving unit configured to: receive a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of sets of locations and a plurality of spatial directions, each set of locations being associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprising a set of source locations of a respective reference signal; and to receive one of the reference signals;a processing unit, configured to perform multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the received one of the reference signals.22.The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processing unit is further configured to calculate a position of the apparatus based on the multipath measurements.23.The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising:a transmitting unit configured to transmit the position of the UE.24.The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising:a transmitting unit configured to transmit the multipath measurements.25.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the transmitting unit is configured to transmit the multipath measurements by transmitting the multipath measurements with respective indications of respective source locations with which each multipath measurement is associated.26.The apparatus of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the locations comprises either or both of:a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal;a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal.27.The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the configuration further indicates whether each location is a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal or a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal.28.The apparatus of any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the receiving unit is further configured to receive signaling that indicates a set of the source locations for which the multipath measurements are to be performed.29.The apparatus of any one of claims 21 to 28, wherein the receiving unit is configured to receive the configuration in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) assistance data.30.The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) assistance data.31.An apparatus comprising:a transmitting unit configured to transmit a configuration indicating associations between a plurality of sets of locations and a plurality of spatial directions, each set of locations being associated with a respective one of the spatial directions and comprising a set of source locations of a respective reference signal,the transmitting unit being further configured to transmit one of the reference signals.32.The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive, from a UE, a position of the UE calculated at the UE based on multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals.33.The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive, from the UE, multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals.34.The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive, from the UE, at least one of: multipath measurements associated with the source locations of the transmitted one of the reference signals or a position of the UE calculated at the UE based on the multipath measurements,wherein the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit the at least one of the received multipath measurements or the position.35.The apparatus of claim 33 or claim 34, wherein the receiving unit is configured to receive the multipath measurements with respective indications of respective source locations with which each multipath measurement is associated.36.The apparatus of any one of claims 31 to 35, wherein the locations comprises either or both of:a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal;a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal.37.The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the configuration further indicates whether each location is a source location of an apparent source of a respective reference signal or a source location of an actual source of a respective reference signal.38.The apparatus of any one of claims 31 to 37, wherein the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit signaling that indicates a set of the source locations for the transmitted one of the reference signals.39.The apparatus of any one of claims 31 to 38, wherein the transmitting unit is configured to transmit the configuration in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) assistance data.40.The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) assistance data.41.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 20.42.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 or the method of any one of claims 11 to 20.43.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 20.44.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 11 to 20.
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