Method for industrial scale preparation of urolithin compounds
A method using hydroxy-9-fluorenone for synthesizing urolithin compounds through hydroxyl protection, Baeyer-Villiger reaction, and deprotection addresses the low yield and cost issues of existing methods, enabling efficient industrial-scale production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/133336
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-27
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for synthesizing urolithin compounds suffer from low yield and the use of expensive raw materials, making them unsuitable for industrial-scale production.
A method involving hydroxy-9-fluorenone as the raw material, utilizing three steps: hydroxyl protection, Baeyer-Villiger reaction, and hydroxyl deprotection, with peroxy acids and hydroxyl protecting groups, to synthesize urolithin compounds efficiently.
The method achieves high yield and low environmental impact, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production of urolithin compounds.
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Abstract
Description
Method for industrial scale preparation of urolithin compoundsTechnical field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of chemical synthesis technology and specifically relates to a new method for industrial scale preparation of urolithin compounds.Background
[0002] Ellagitannin and ellagic acid are polyphenolic antioxidants widely distributed in various vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Although they exhibit poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and low bioavailability, some can be convertedinto more easily absorbable urolithin metabolites by the mammalian gut microbiota. Natural urolithins are not commonly found in nature, but as metabolites of ellagitannin and ellagic acid, they are widely distributed in the urine, feces, and bile of mammals such as humans, rats, mice, cows, and pigs. Urolithins are produced under the action of gut microbiota. Urolithin A and Urolithin B were originally isolated as ellagic acid metabolites from sheep kidney stones.
[0003] In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on the biological activity, tissue distribution, and metabolic processes of urolithin compounds both domestically and internationally. Research has reported that a substance called Urolithin A in pomegranate and other fruits may help slow down specific aging processes by improving the function of cellular mitochondria; in addition, ingestion of this compound poses no risk to human health. Research has shown that urolithin A can stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in a way similar to regular exercise. It is a compound that can rebuild cellular recycling of defective mitochondria and has biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and regulation of gut microbiota. However, naturally occurring urolithins in nature are not common, therefore, there is an urgent need to develop methods for artificially synthesizing urolithins.
[0004] Patents WO2015100213A2 and WO2019168972A1 disclose the synthesis of urolithin A by Ullmann coupling reaction of 2-bromo-5-methoxybenzoic acid and 2-bromo-5-hydroxybenzoic acid with resorcinol under copper sulfate catalysis, respectively. Although the steps are simple, the overall yield is low (WO2015100213A2 reports the highest overall yield of 67.6%in two steps, and WO2019168972A reports the highest overall yield of 52.9%in two steps) . CN111978282A discloses the synthesis of urolithin A through a coupling reaction using boronic acid compounds as raw materials, followed by "deprotection ->sulfonation ->lactonization ->deprotection" . The synthesis route is cumbersome and involves the use of expensive raw materials such as boronic acid compounds, which is not superior to the Ullmann coupling reaction route.
[0005] Therefore, the present invention needs to provide a new synthesis method for urolithin compounds with easily obtainable raw materials and high yield.Summary
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new method for synthesizing urolithin compounds taking hydroxy-9-fluorenone as the raw material through three steps including hydroxyl protection, Baeyer-Villiger reaction, and hydroxyl deprotection.
[0007] The present invention provides a method for preparing compound (I) , comprising the steps: S2: in the presence of a peroxy acid, compound (II) undergoes an oxidation reaction to obtain compound (I) :
[0008] Compound (II) :
[0009] Compound (I) :
[0010] in the formula, R1' , R2' , R3' , R4' , R5' , R6' , R7' and R8' are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl and OR; R is independently selected from the group consisting of: C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxyl protecting group, or R together with the attached O atom forms a heterocyclic alkyl containing at least one O heteroatom; or when two ORs are in adjacent positions, the two Rs together form a -C1-C3alkylene-;
[0011] and optionally S3: when an -O-hydroxyl protecting group is present in compound (II) , the product obtained in step (1) is subjected to a hydroxyl deprotection reaction to obtain compound (I) .
[0012] In another preferred embodiment, prior to S2, the method further comprises the step: S1: reacting the -OH in R1' , R2' , R3' , R4' , R5' , R6' , R7' and R8' with a hydroxyl protecting reagent to obtain compound II having an -O-hydroxyl protecting group.
[0013] In another preferred embodiment, the peroxy acid is peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, p-nitroperoxybenzoic acid, m-chloroperobenzoic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, or peracetic acid, preferably the peroxy acid is m-chloroperobenzoic acid.
[0014] In another preferred embodiment, the hydroxyl protecting group is selected from the group consisting of: methyl, tert butyl (tBu) , benzyl (Bn) , 3, 4-dihydropyranyl (DHP) , p-methoxybenzyl, triphenylmethyl, and C1-C6 alkylsilyl.
[0015] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction in S2 is carried out in the presence of another protonic acid, such as trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, tribromoacetic acid, or a combination thereof.
[0016] In another preferred embodiment, in compound (I) , R7' is OH.
[0017] In another preferred embodiment, in compound (II) , R1' , R5' and R6' are H, and R2' , R3' , R4' , R7' and R8' are independently selected from H, OH, OBn and O-DHP.
[0018] In another preferred embodiment, in compound (I) , R1' , R5' and R6' are H, and R2' , R3' , R4' , R7' and R8' are independently selected from H and OH.
[0019] In another preferred embodiment, in compound (II) , R1' , R3' , R4' , R5' , R6' and R8' are H, and R2' and R7' are OBn or O-DHP.
[0020] In another preferred embodiment, compound (I) is urolithin A
[0021] In another preferred embodiment, in compound (II) , R1' , R2' , R3' , R4' , R5' , R6' , and R8' are H, and R7' is OBn or O-DHP.
[0022] In another preferred embodiment, compound (I) is urolithin B
[0023] In another preferred embodiment, in compound (II) , R1' , R4' , R5' , R6' and R8' are all H, and R2' , R3' and R7' are OBn or O-DHP.
[0024] In another preferred embodiment, compound (I) is urolithin C
[0025] In another preferred embodiment, in compound (II) , R1' , R4' , R5' and R6' are H, and R2' , R3' , R7' and R8' are OBn or O-DHP.
[0026] In another preferred embodiment, compound (I) is urolithin D
[0027] In another preferred embodiment, in compound (II) , R1' , R3' , R5' and R6' are H, and R2' , R4' , R7' and R8' are OBn or O-DHP.
[0028] In another preferred embodiment, compound (I) is urolithin E
[0029] In another preferred embodiment, the method comprises the steps:
[0030] S1: In an inert solvent, hydroxy-9-fluorenone undergoes a hydroxyl protection reaction with a hydroxyl protecting reagent to obtain compound II;
[0031] S2: In an inert solvent, compound II undergoes a Baeyer-Villiger reaction in the presence of a peroxy acid to obtain compound III;
[0032] S3: In an inert solvent, compound III undergoes a hydroxyl deprotection reaction to obtain compound I.
[0033] Technicians in this field understand that the structural difference between hydroxy-9-fluorenone and compound II lies only in that one or more hydroxyl groups in hydroxy-9-fluorenone is present in the form of -O-hydroxyl protecting groups in compound II. The structural difference between compound III and compound I lies only in that the -O-hydroxyl protecting group in compound III is present in the form of -OH in compound I.
[0034] In another preferred embodiment, the method comprises the steps:
[0035] S1: In an inert solvent, in the presence of a base, hydroxy-9-fluorenone undergoes a hydroxyl protection reaction with a hydroxyl protecting reagent to obtain compound II;
[0036] S2: In an inert solvent, compound II undergoes a Baeyer-Villiger reaction in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and a peroxy acid to obtain compound III;
[0037] S3: In an inert solvent, in the presence of a base and a catalyst, compound III undergoes a hydroxyl deprotection reaction to obtain compound I.
[0038] In another preferred embodiment, in step S1, the inert solvent is acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, xylene, or a combination thereof, preferably the solvent is acetone or acetonitrile.
[0039] In another preferred embodiment, in step S1, the hydroxyl protecting reagent is benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, or dihydropyran, preferably benzyl chloride.
[0040] In another preferred embodiment, in step S1, the base is selected from the group consisting of: potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and combinations thereof.
[0041] In another preferred embodiment, in step S1, the molar ratio of hydroxy-9-fluorenone to hydroxyl protecting reagent is 1: 2 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 3 to 1: 4.
[0042] In another preferred embodiment, in step S1, the molar ratio of hydroxy-9-fluorenone to the base is 1: 2 to 1: 5, preferably the molar ratio is 1: 3 to 1: 5.
[0043] In another preferred embodiment, in step S1, the temperature of the reaction is 50-90 ℃, preferably 60-85 ℃.
[0044] In another preferred embodiment, in step S1, the reaction time is 3-12 hours, preferably 5-8 hours.
[0045] In another preferred embodiment, step S1 further comprises post-treatment steps: cooling down the reaction solution of step S1 before filtering, adding water to the filter cake for pulping, filtering, and drying to obtain compound II.
[0046] In another preferred embodiment, in step S2, the inert solvent is dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, xylene, or a combination thereof; the preferred solvent is dichloromethane.
[0047] In another preferred embodiment, in step S2, the peroxy acid is peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, p-nitroperoxybenzoic acid, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, or peracetic acid, preferably the peroxy acid is m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid.
[0048] In another preferred embodiment, in step S2, the molar ratio of compound II to peroxy acid is 1: 1 to 1: 5, preferably the molar ratio is 1: 3 to 1: 4.
[0049] In another preferred embodiment, in step S2, the molar ratio of compound II to trifluoroacetic acid is 1: 1 to 1: 5, preferably the molar ratio is 1: 1 to 1: 2.
[0050] In another preferred embodiment, step S2 is carried out under inert gas protection, such as nitrogen or helium.
[0051] In another preferred embodiment, in step S2, the temperature of the reaction is 30 ±10 ℃, preferably 30 ± 5 ℃.
[0052] In another preferred embodiment, in step S2, the reaction time is 6-24h, preferably 8-15h.
[0053] In another preferred embodiment, step S2 further comprises post-treatment steps: cooling down the reaction solution of step S2, adding sodium sulfite aqueous solution (10 ± 5wt%) and stirring to quench the reaction, adding sodium carbonate aqueous solution (10 ± 5wt%) and stirring (0.5-1h) , settling and separating, washing the aqueous layer with water and then washing with saturated saline solution, settling and separating, collecting the organic layer and removing dichloromethane to obtain compound III.
[0054] In another preferred embodiment, in step S3, the inert solvent is selected from the group consisting of: anhydrous methanol, anhydrous ethanol, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, N, N-dimethylformamide, and combinations thereof, preferably the solvent is anhydrous methanol.
[0055] In another preferred embodiment, in step S3, the catalyst is palladium carbon, platinum carbon, or Raney nickel, preferably the catalyst is Raney nickel or palladium carbon. The metal content in palladium carbon or platinum carbon can be 3-10wt%, preferably 5wt%.
[0056] In another preferred embodiment, in step S3, the mass ratio of compound III to catalyst is 100: 5 to 100: 20, preferably the mass ratio is 100: 7 to 100: 15, such as 100: 10.
[0057] In another preferred embodiment, in step S3, the temperature of the reaction is 40 ±10 ℃, preferably 40 ± 5 ℃.
[0058] In another preferred embodiment, in step S3, the base is ammonium formate or ammonium acetate.
[0059] In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of compound III to base is 1: 2 to 1: 8, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 5, and more preferably 1: 4.
[0060] In another preferred embodiment, in step S3, the reaction time is 4-16 hours, preferably 5-10 hours.
[0061] In another preferred embodiment, step S3 further comprises post-treatment steps: cooling down the reaction solution of step S3 and adding N, N-dimethylformamide under stirring (0.5-1 hour) , filtering, adding water to the filtrate for crystallization, filtering, drying to obtain compound I.
[0062] It should be understood that within the scope of the present invention, the above-mentioned technical features of the present invention and the technical features specifically described in the following (such as examples) can be combined with each other to form a new or preferred technical solution. Limited to space, it will not be repeated here.
[0063] Description of the drawings
[0064] Figure 1 shows the HPLC purity spectrum of urolithin A prepared in Example 5.
[0065] Figure 2 shows the 1H NMR spectrum of urolithin A prepared in Example 5.Detailed Description of the Invention
[0066] After extensive and in-depth research and through extensive screening and testing, the present inventors have provided a method for the industrial scale preparation of urolithin compounds. Specifically, using hydroxy-9-fluorenone as the raw material, urolithin compounds can be synthesized through three steps including hydroxyl protection, Baeyer-Villiger reaction, and hydroxyl deprotection. The method of the present invention has simple synthesis steps, inexpensive and readily available raw materials, low environmental pollution, high yield, and is suitable for large-scale production, which is of great significance for the industrial production of urolithin compounds. On this basis, the present invention was completed.
[0067] Terms
[0068] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as would normally be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.
[0069] As used herein, when used in reference to a specifically enumerated value, the term "about" means that the value can vary from the enumerated value by no more than 1%. For example, as used herein, the expression "about 100" includes all values between 99 and 101 (e.g., 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, 99.4, etc. ) .
[0070] As used herein, the terms "contain" or "include (comprise) " may be open-ended, semi-closed, and closed-ended. In other words, the term also includes "consisting essentially of" , or "consisting of" .
[0071] Unless otherwise specified, the term "room temperature" or "normal temperature" refers to a temperature of 4-40℃, preferably 25±5℃.
[0072] Preparation method
[0073] The present invention provides a method for preparing compound (I) , comprising the steps:
[0074] S2: In the presence of a peroxy acid, compound (II) undergoes an oxidation reaction to form compound (I) :
[0075] Compound (II) :
[0076] Compound (I) :
[0077] in the formula, R1' , R2' , R3' , R4' , R5' , R6' , R7' and R8' are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl and OR; R is independently selected from the group consisting of: C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxyl protecting group, or R together with the attached O atom forms a heterocyclic alkyl containing at least one O heteroatom; or when two ORs are in adjacent positions, the two Rs together form a -C1-C3 alkylene-;
[0078] and optionally S3: when an -O-hydroxyl protecting group is present in compound (II) , the product obtained in step (1) is subjected to a hydroxyl deprotection reaction to obtain compound (I) .
[0079] In the present invention, the carbonyl group is converted to lactone by subjecting 9-fluorenone compounds to a Baeyer-Villiger reaction.
[0080] There are no specific restrictions on the substituents on the ring, and they can be selected according to the products that need to be prepared. Optionally, when the substituents on the ring contain active groups such as OH, protection and deprotection steps are performed before and after the Baeyer-Villiger reaction. These protection and deprotection operations are common for those skilled in the art and can be selected as needed. For example, conventional hydroxyl protecting groups include but are not limited to: methyl, tert butyl (tBu) , benzyl (Bn) , 3, 4-dihydropyranyl (DHP) , p-methoxybenzyl, triphenylmethyl, and C1-C6 alkylsilyl.
[0081] In another preferred embodiment, prior to S2, the method further comprises the step: S1: reacting the -OH in R1' , R2' , R3' , R4' , R5' , R6' , R7' and R8' with a hydroxyl protecting reagent to obtain compound II having an -O-hydroxyl protecting group.
[0082] Typically, urolithin compounds that can be prepared by the method of the present invention include but are not limited to urolithin A, B, C, D, and E.
[0083] More specifically, the method comprises the steps:
[0084] S1: In an inert solvent, hydroxy-9-fluorenone undergoes a hydroxyl protection reaction with a hydroxyl protecting reagent to obtain compound II;
[0085] S2: In an inert solvent, compound II undergoes a Baeyer-Villiger reaction in the presence of a peroxy acid to obtain compound III;
[0086] S3: In an inert solvent, compound III undergoes a hydroxyl deprotection reaction to obtain compound I.
[0087] Technicians in this field understand that the structural difference between hydroxy-9-fluorenone and compound II lies only in that one or more hydroxyl groups in hydroxy-9-fluorenone is present in the form of -O-hydroxyl protecting groups in compound II. The structural difference between compound III and compound I lies only in that the -O-hydroxyl protecting group in compound III is present in the form of -OH in compound I.
[0088] In another preferred embodiment, the method comprises the steps:
[0089] S1: In an inert solvent, in the presence of a base, hydroxy-9-fluorenone undergoes a hydroxyl protection reaction with a hydroxyl protecting reagent to obtain compound II;
[0090] S2: In an inert solvent, compound II undergoes a Baeyer-Villiger reaction in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and a peroxy acid to obtain compound III;
[0091] S3: In an inert solvent, in the presence of a base and a catalyst, compound III undergoes a hydroxyl deprotection reaction to obtain compound I.
[0092] In another preferred embodiment, in step S1, the hydroxyl protecting reagent is benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, or dihydropyran, preferably benzyl chloride.
[0093] In another preferred embodiment, in step S2, the peroxy acid is peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, p-nitroperoxybenzoic acid, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, or peracetic acid, preferably the peroxy acid is m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid.
[0094] In another preferred embodiment, in step S3, the catalyst is palladium carbon, platinum carbon, or Raney nickel, preferably the catalyst is Raney nickel or palladium carbon. The metal content in palladium carbon or platinum carbon can be 3-10wt%, preferably 5wt%.
[0095] The main advantages of the present invention include:
[0096] (1) The starting material used in the method of the present invention is (poly) hydroxy-9-fluorenone, which is inexpensive.
[0097] (2) The method of the present invention has simple steps, mild conditions, high overall yield, low environmental pollution, and is very suitable for large-scale production, which is of great significance for the industrial production of urolithin compounds.
[0098] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following examples, the test methods without specific conditions are usually in accordance with conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, percentages and parts are calculated by weight.
[0099] Example 1
[0100] The specific steps for preparing compound II are as follows:
[0101] Synthesis of compound II: 2, 7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone (50g, 0.23mol) was added into 500mL of acetonitrile, and potassium carbonate (127.7g, 0.92mol) was added under stirring. After stirring, 3, 4-dihydropyran (68.1g, 0.81mol) was added, then the system was heated to reflux, and reacted for 5-8 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was added to 500mL of purified water and pulped for 1 hour, filtered and dried by air at 45 ℃ to a constant weight to obtain 72.8g of brick red solid powder (yield 81.2%) , which is compound II.
[0102] Example 2
[0103] The specific steps for preparing compound II are as follows:
[0104] (1) Synthesis of compound II: 2, 7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone (50g, 0.23mol) was added into 500mL of acetonitrile, and potassium carbonate (127.7g, 0.92mol) was added under stirring. After stirring, benzyl bromide (138.5g, 0.81mol) was added, then the system was heated to reflux, and reacted for 5-8 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was added to 500mL of purified water and pulped for 1 hour, filtered and dried by air at 45 ℃ to a constant weight to obtain 85.1g of brick red solid powder (yield 88.4%) , which is compound II.
[0105] Example 3
[0106] A novel method for synthesizing urolithin A, comprising the following steps:
[0107] (1) Synthesis of compound II: 2, 7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone (50g, 0.23mol) was added into 500mL of acetonitrile, and potassium carbonate (127.7g, 0.92mol) was added under stirring. After stirring, benzyl chloride (102.3g, 0.81mol) was added, then the system was heated to reflux, and reacted for 5-8 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was added to 500mL of purified water and pulped for 1 hour, filtered and dried by air at 45 ℃ to a constant weight to obtain 86.9g of brick red solid powder (yield 92.1%) , which is compound II.
[0108] (2) Synthesis of compound III: compound II was added into 800 mL of dichloromethane, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (173 g, 0.852 mol) was added under stirring, and trifluoroacetic acid (24.1 g, 0.21 mol) was added dropwise. Then the reaction was raised to 30 ℃ and reacted for 10-15 hours under nitrogen protection. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. The reaction was cooled down to room temperature, quenched by adding 100mL of 10%sodium sulfite aqueous solution and stirred for 1 hour. Then 10%sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was subjected to static separation. The aqueous layer was washed with purified water twice and saturated saline once, and then subjected to static separation. The organic layer was distilled under reduced pressure to remove dichloromethane to obtain 76.8 g of brown solid (yield 84.9%) , which is compound III.
[0109] (3) Synthesis of Urolithin A: Compound III was added to 768mL of anhydrous methanol, 5%palladium on carbon catalyst (7.7g) was added, and ammonium formate (47.4g, 0.75mol) was added under stirring. Then the reaction was heated to 40 ℃ and reacted for 5-10 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature. N, N-dimethylformamide was added and stirred for 0.5 hours, and filtered. To the filtrate was added purified water for crystallization for 1 hour, filtered and dried to obtain 40.7g of yellow solid (yield: 94.9%) , which is Urolithin A with a HPLC purity of 99.25%.
[0110] Example 4
[0111] A novel method for synthesizing urolithin A, comprising the following steps:
[0112] (1) Synthesis of compound II: to 50L of acetonitrile was added 2, 7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone (5kg, 23mol) , and potassium carbonate (12.7kg, 92mol) was added under stirring. After stirring evenly, benzyl chloride (10.2kg, 81mol) was added. The system was heated to reflux, and reacted for 5-8 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC, and then the mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was added to 50L of purified water and pulped for 1 hour, filtered and dried by air at 45 ℃ to a constant weight to obtain 8.5kg of brick red solid powder (yield 92%) , which is compound II.
[0113] (2) Synthesis of compound III: compound II was added into 80L of dichloromethane, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (17 kg, 8.5 mol) was added under stirring, and trifluoroacetic acid (2.4 kg, 2.1 mol) was added dropwise. The reaction was raised to 30 ℃ and reacted for 10-15 hours under nitrogen protection. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. The reaction was cooled down to room temperature, quenched by adding 10%sodium sulfite aqueous solution and stirred for 1 hour. Then 10%sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was subjected to static separation. The aqueous layer was washed with purified water twice and saturated saline once, and then subjected to static separation. The organic layer was distilled under reduced pressure to remove dichloromethane to obtain 7.8 kg of brown solid, which is compound III.
[0114] (3) Synthesis of Urolithin A: Compound III was added to 78L of anhydrous methanol, 5%palladium on carbon catalyst (0.7kg) was added, and ammonium formate (4.8kg, 7.6mol) was added under stirring. The reaction was heated to 40 ℃ and reacted for 5-10 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature. N, N-dimethylformamide was added and stirred for 0.5 hours, and filtered. To the filtrate was added purified water for crystallization for 1 hour, filtered and dried to obtain 4.09kg of yellow solid, which is Urolithin A with a HPLC purity of 99.08%.
[0115] Example 5
[0116] A novel method for synthesizing urolithin A, comprising the following steps:
[0117] (1) Synthesis of compound II: 2, 7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone (200kg) was added into 2000L of acetonitrile, and potassium carbonate (508kg) was added under stirring. After stirring uniformly, benzyl chloride (408kg) was added, then the system was heated to reflux and reacted for 5-8 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. The mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was added to 2000L of purified water and pulped for 1 hour, filtered and dried by air at 45 ℃ to a constant weight to obtain 348.5kg of brick red solid powder, which is compound II.
[0118] (2) Synthesis of compound III: compound I was added into 3200L of dichloromethane, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (680 kg) was added under stirring, and trifluoroacetic acid (96 kg) was added dropwise. The reaction was raised to 30 ℃ and reacted for 10-15 hours under nitrogen protection. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature, quenched by adding 10%sodium sulfite aqueous solution and stirred for 1 hour. Then 10%sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was subjected to static separation. The aqueous layer was washed with purified water twice and saturated saline once, and then subjected to static separation. The organic layer was distilled under reduced pressure to remove dichloromethane to obtain 313 kg of brown solid, which is compound III.
[0119] (3) Synthesis of Urolithin A: Compound II was added to 3120L of anhydrous methanol, 5%palladium on carbon catalyst (28kg) was added, and ammonium formate (193kg) was added under stirring. Then the reaction was heated to 40 ℃ and reacted for 5-10 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature. N, N-dimethylformamide was added and stirred for 0.5 hours, and filtered. To the filtrate was added purified water for crystallization for 1 hour, filtered and dried to obtain 165.2kg of yellow solid, which is Urolithin A with a HPLC purity of 99.19%.
[0120] Example 6
[0121] A novel method for synthesizing urolithin B, comprising the following steps:
[0122] (1) Synthesis of compound II: 7-hydroxy-9-fluorenone (50g, 0.255mol) was added into 500mL of acetonitrile, and potassium carbonate (52.8g, 0.38mol) was added under stirring. After stirring evenly, benzyl chloride (35.3g, 0.28mol) was added, then the system was heated to reflux, and reacted for 5-8 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was added to 500mL of purified water and pulped for 1 hour, filtered and dried by air at 45 ℃ to a constant weight to obtain 66.0g of brick red solid powder (yield 90.6%) , which is compound II.
[0123] (2) Synthesis of compound III: compound II was added into 800 mL of dichloromethane, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (173 g, 0.852 mol) was added under stirring, and trifluoroacetic acid (24.1 g, 0.21 mol) was added dropwise. Then the reaction was raised to 30 ℃ and reacted for 10-15 hours under nitrogen protection. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature, quenched by adding 100mL of 10%sodium sulfite aqueous solution and stirred for 1 hour. Then 10%sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was subjected to static separation. The aqueous layer was washed with purified water twice and saturated saline once, and then subjected to static separation. The organic layer was distilled under reduced pressure to remove dichloromethane to obtain 61.0 g of brown solid (yield 87.5%) , which is compound III.
[0124] (3) Synthesis of Urolithin B: Compound III was added to 768mL of anhydrous methanol, 5%palladium on carbon catalyst (7.7g) was added, and ammonium formate (19.1g, 0.30mol) was added under stirring. Then the reaction was heated to 40 ℃ and reacted for 5-10 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature. N, N-dimethylformamide was added and stirred for 0.5 hours, and filtered. To the filtrate was added purified water for crystallization for 1 hour, filtered and dried to obtain 40.76g of yellow solid (yield: 95.2%) , which is Urolithin B with a HPLC purity of 99.42%.
[0125] Example 7
[0126] A novel method for synthesizing urolithin C, comprising the following steps:
[0127] (1) Synthesis of compound II: 2, 3, 7-trihydroxy-9-fluorenone (50g, 0.204mol) was added into 500mL of acetonitrile, and potassium carbonate (135.1g, 0.98mol) was added under stirring. After stirring evenly, benzyl chloride (84.8g, 0.673mol) was added, and then the system was heated to reflux, and reacted for 5-8 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was added to 500mL of purified water and pulped for 1 hour, filtered and dried by air at 45 ℃ to a constant weight to obtain 92.7g of brick red solid powder (yield 91.4%) , which is compound II.
[0128] (2) Synthesis of compound III: compound II was added into 800 mL of dichloromethane, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (173 g, 0.852 mol) was added under stirring, and trifluoroacetic acid (24.1 g, 0.21 mol) was added dropwise. Then the reaction was raised to 30 ℃ and reacted for 10-15 hours under nitrogen protection. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature, quenched by adding 100mL of 10%sodium sulfite aqueous solution and stirred for 1 hour. Then 10%sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was subjected to static separation. The aqueous layer was washed with purified water twice and saturated saline once, and then subjected to static separation. The organic layer was distilled under reduced pressure to remove dichloromethane to obtain 85.6 g of brown solid (yield 89.4%) , which is compound III.
[0129] (3) Synthesis of Urolithin C: Compound III was added to 768mL of anhydrous methanol, 5%palladium on carbon catalyst (7.7g) was added, and ammonium formate (46.5g, 0.75mol) was added under stirring. Then the reaction was heated to 40 ℃ and reacted for 5-10 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature. N, N-dimethylformamide was added and stirred for 0.5 hours, and filtered. To the filtrate was added purified water for crystallization for 1 hour, filtered and dried to obtain 38.3g of yellow solid (yield: 94.7%) , which is Urolithin C with a HPLC purity of 99.28%.
[0130] Example 8
[0131] A novel method for synthesizing Urolithin D, comprising the following steps:
[0132] (1) Synthesis of compound II: 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrahydroxy-9-fluorenone (50g, 0.192mol) was added into 500mL of acetonitrile, and potassium carbonate (126.9g, 0.92mol) was added under stirring. After stirring evenly, benzyl chloride (102.4g, 0.81mol) was added, and then the system was heated to reflux, and reacted for 5-8 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was added to 500mL of purified water and pulped for 1 hour, filtered and dried by air at 45 ℃ to a constant weight to obtain 111.8g of brick red solid powder (yield 90.8%) , which is compound II.
[0133] (2) Synthesis of compound III: compound II was added into 800 mL of dichloromethane, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (173 g, 0.852 mol) was added under stirring, and trifluoroacetic acid (24.1 g, 0.21 mol) was added dropwise. Then the reaction was raised to 30 ℃ and reacted for 10-15 hours under nitrogen protection. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature, quenched by adding 100mL of 10%sodium sulfite aqueous solution and stirred for 1 hour. Then 10%sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was subjected to static separation. The aqueous layer was washed with purified water twice and saturated saline once, and then subjected to static separation. The organic layer was distilled under reduced pressure to remove dichloromethane to obtain 102.1 g of brown solid (yield 89.0%) , which is compound III.
[0134] (3) Synthesis of Urolithin D: Compound III was added to 768mL of anhydrous methanol, 5%palladium on carbon catalyst (7.7g) was added, and ammonium formate (71.1g, 1.12mol) was added under stirring. Then the reaction was heated to 40 ℃ and reacted for 5-10 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature. N, N-dimethylformamide was added and stirred for 0.5 hours, and filtered. To the filtrate was added purified water for crystallization for 1 hour, filtered and dried to obtain 40.71g of yellow solid (yield: 95.1%) , which is Urolithin D with a HPLC purity of 99.43%.
[0135] Example 9
[0136] A novel method for synthesizing Urolithin E, comprising the following steps:
[0137] (1) Synthesis of compound II: 2, 4, 7, 8-tetrahydroxy-9-fluorenone (50g, 0.192mol) was added into 500mL of acetonitrile, and potassium carbonate (127.7g, 0.92mol) was added under stirring. After stirring evenly, benzyl chloride (102.3g, 0.81mol) was added, and then the system was heated to reflux, and reacted for 5-8 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was added to 500mL of purified water and pulped for 1 hour, filtered and dried by air at 45 ℃ to a constant weight to obtain 115.3g of brick red solid powder (yield 93.2%) , which is compound II.
[0138] (2) Synthesis of compound III: compound II was added into 800 mL of dichloromethane, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (173 g, 0.852 mol) was added under stirring, and trifluoroacetic acid (24.1 g, 0.21 mol) was added dropwise. Then the reaction was raised to 30 ℃ and reacted for 10-15 hours under nitrogen protection. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature, quenched by adding 100mL of 10%sodium sulfite aqueous solution and stirred for 1 hour. Then 10%sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was subjected to static separation. The aqueous layer was washed with purified water twice and saturated saline once, and then subjected to static separation. The organic layer was distilled under reduced pressure to remove dichloromethane to obtain 98.7 g of brown solid (yield 83.4%) , which is compound III.
[0139] (3) Synthesis of Urolithin E: Compound III was added to 768mL of anhydrous methanol, 5%palladium on carbon catalyst (7.7g) was added, and ammonium formate (68.2g, 1.08mol) was added under stirring. Then the reaction was heated to 40 ℃ and reacted for 5-10 hours. The reaction endpoint was monitored by TLC. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature. N, N-dimethylformamide was added and stirred for 0.5 hours, and filtered. To the filtrate was added purified water for crystallization for 1 hour, filtered and dried to obtain 39.5g of yellow solid (yield: 95.5%) , which is Urolithin E with a HPLC purity of 99.14%.
[0140] From the above, it can be seen that the method of the present invention can synthesize urolithin compounds on an industrial scale. Moreover, the method requires readily available raw materials, simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and has high yield, and high product purity, making it very suitable for industrial production.
[0141] All documents referred to in the present invention are incorporated by reference herein as if each document is individually incorporated by reference. Further, it should be understood that upon reading the above teaching of the present invention, various modifications or changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art, and those equivalents also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.
Claims
1.A method for preparing compound (I) , characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: S2: in the presence of a peroxy acid, compound (II) undergoes an oxidation reaction to obtain compound (I) : in the formula, R1', R2', R3', R4', R5', R6', R7' and R8' are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl and OR; R is independently selected from the group consisting of: C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxyl protecting group, or R together with the attached O atom forms a heterocyclic alkyl containing at least one O heteroatom; or when two ORs are in adjacent positions, the two Rs together form a -C1-C3alkylene-;and optionally S3: when an -O-hydroxyl protecting group is present in compound (II) , the product obtained in step (1) is subjected to a hydroxyl deprotection reaction to obtain compound (I) .2.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises the step: S1: reacting the -OH in R1', R2', R3', R4', R5', R6', R7' and R8' with a hydroxyl protecting reagent to obtain compound II having a -O-hydroxyl protecting group.3.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the peroxy acid is peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, p-nitroperoxybenzoic acid, m-chloroperobenzoic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, and peracetic acid, preferably the peroxy acid is m-chloroperobenzoic acid.4.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in compound (II) , R1', R5' and R6' are H, and R2', R3', R4', R7' and R8' are independently selected from H, OH, OBn and O-DHP.5.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compound (I) is urolithin A urolithin B urolithin C urolithin D or urolithin E 6.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the steps:S1: In an inert solvent, hydroxy-9-fluorenone undergoes a hydroxyl protection reaction with a hydroxyl protecting reagent to obtain compound II;S2: In an inert solvent, compound II undergoes a Baeyer-Villiger reaction in the presence of a peroxy acid to obtain compound III;S3: In an inert solvent, compound III undergoes a hydroxyl deprotection reaction to obtain compound I.7.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the steps:S1: In an inert solvent, in the presence of a base, hydroxy-9-fluorenone undergoes a hydroxyl protection reaction with a hydroxyl protecting reagent to obtain compound II;S2: In an inert solvent, compound II undergoes a Baeyer-Villiger reaction in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and a peroxy acid to obtain compound III;S3: In an inert solvent, in the presence of a base and a catalyst, compound III undergoes a hydroxyl deprotection reaction to obtain compound I.8.The method according to claim 7, characterized in that step S1 comprises one or more technical features selected from the group consisting of:the inert solvent is acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, xylene, or a combination thereof, preferably the solvent is acetone or acetonitrile;the hydroxyl protecting reagent is benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, or dihydropyran, preferably benzyl chloride;the base is selected from the group consisting of: potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and combinations thereof;the molar ratio of hydroxy-9-fluorenone to hydroxyl protecting reagent is 1: 2 to 1: 5, preferably the molar ratio is 1: 3 to 1: 4;the molar ratio of hydroxy-9-fluorenone to the base is 1: 2 to 1: 5, preferably the molar ratio is 1: 3 to 1: 5;the temperature of the reaction is 50-90 ℃, preferably 60-85 ℃;the reaction time is 3-12 hours, preferably 5-8 hours; and / orstep S1 further comprises post-treatment steps: cooling down the reaction solution of step S1 before filtering, adding water to the filter cake for pulping, filtering, and drying to obtain compound II.9.The method according to claim 7, characterized in that step S2 comprises one or more technical features selected from the group consisting of:the inert solvent is dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, xylene, or a combination thereof, preferably the solvent is dichloromethane;the peroxy acid is peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, p-nitroperoxybenzoic acid, m-chloroperobenzoic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, or peracetic acid; the preferred peroxy acid is m-chloroperobenzoic acid;the molar ratio of compound II to peroxy acid is 1: 1 to 1: 5; preferably the molar ratio is 1: 3 to 1: 4;the molar ratio of compound II to trifluoroacetic acid is 1: 1 to 1: 5; preferably the molar ratio is 1: 1 to 1: 2;step S2 is carried out under inert gas protection, such as nitrogen or helium;the temperature of the reaction is 30 ± 10 ℃, preferably 30 ± 5 ℃;the reaction time is 6-24h, preferably 8-15h; and / orstep S2 further comprises post-treatment steps: cooling down the reaction solution of step S2, adding sodium sulfite aqueous solution (10 ± 5wt%) and stirring to quench the reaction, adding sodium carbonate aqueous solution (10 ± 5wt%) and stirring for 0.5-1h, settling and separating, washing the aqueous layer with water and then washing with saturated saline solution, settling and separating, collecting the organic layer and removing dichloromethane to obtain compound III.10.The method according to claim 7, characterized in that step S3 comprises one or more technical features selected from the group consisting of:the inert solvent is selected from the group consisting of: anhydrous methanol, anhydrous ethanol, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, N, N-dimethylformamide, and combinations thereof; the preferred solvent is anhydrous methanol;the catalyst is palladium carbon, platinum carbon, or Raney nickel; preferably the catalyst is Raney nickel or palladium carbon;the mass ratio of compound III to the catalyst is 100: 5 to 100: 20, preferably the mass ratio is 100: 7 to 100: 15, such as 100: 10;the temperature of the reaction is 40 ± 10 ℃, preferably 40 ± 5 ℃;the base is ammonium formate or ammonium acetate;the molar ratio of compound III to the base is 1: 2 to 1: 8, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 5, and more preferably 1: 4;the reaction time is 4-16h, preferably 5-10h; and / orstep S3 further comprises post-treatment steps: cooling down the reaction solution of step S3, adding N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 0.5-1h, filtering, adding water to the filtrate for crystallization, filtering, and drying to obtain compound I.
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