A fusion protein for the prevention of streptococcus pneumoniae infection and its application
A novel fusion protein combining the C-terminal domain of pneumolysin and N-terminal domain of PhtD with an Fc domain and STABILON addresses the limitations of current vaccines by providing broad-spectrum protection and effective immunoprotection against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/090122
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-27
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Current pneumococcal vaccines have limited serotype coverage, high production costs, and are ineffective in infants and young children, with the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes due to the use of vaccines causing a problem of serotype substitution.
A novel fusion protein comprising the C-terminal domain of pneumolysin (ply) and the N-terminal domain of pneumococcal histidine triad protein PhtD, combined with an Fc domain and STABILON, is designed to provide broad-spectrum protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.
The fusion protein demonstrates good immunogenicity, effectively preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae infections by inducing strong immune responses and reducing tissue lesions, as shown in mouse models.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025090122_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A fusion protein for the prevention of Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection and its applicationTechnical field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of biomedical technology, particularly to the field of immunological drug technology, and specifically relates to a Streptococcus pneumoniae humoral immune vaccine and its application, among others.Background Art
[0002] Safe and effective vaccines are considered the best measures for preventing and controlling Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection. The capsule polysaccharide (CPS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae is the core antigen in current vaccine development. CPS is a carbohydrate substance wrapped around the surface of bacteria, which is the main virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae and a key ingredient in inducing the production of protective antibodies. Currently, there are over 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae known, each with a specific CPS structure. CPS plays a crucial role in the lifecycle of Streptococcus pneumoniae, not only protecting bacteria from attacking by the host immune system, but also participating in the interaction between bacteria and host cells, which is an important component of the infection process.
[0003] The main types of pneumococcal vaccines currently available in the market comprise Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV) and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) . PPV directly uses purified CPS as antigen, while PCV binds CPS to protein carriers (such as tetanus toxoid) to enhance immunogenicity, especially the immune effect in infants and young children. There are various commercialized pneumococcal vaccines available both domestically and internationally, such as the 13 valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) and the 23 valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV23) . These vaccines can effectively reduce clinical symptoms caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection, but there are still some limitations. Firstly, they can only cover a limited range of serotypes and cannot completely prevent all infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, with the widespread use of vaccines, the number of non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae has gradually increased, causing a problem of serotype substitution.
[0004] To overcome the limitations of existing vaccines, researchers are actively developing novel pneumococcal vaccines. For example, the prior art patent CN104208671A discloses a multivalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and its preparation method, patent CN110179974B introduces a multivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine and its preparation method, and patent CN1635904A proposes a multivalent pneumococcal vaccine based on conjugated proteins and its application. These novel vaccines aim to expand serotype coverage, enhance immunogenicity, or reduce production costs.
[0005] However, the above-mentioned vaccines are still mainly based on traditional polysaccharide and conjugate vaccine technologies. Traditional polysaccharide vaccines have limited efficacy in infants and young children, conjugate vaccines have high production costs, and both face the problem of serotype substitution. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a novel pneumococcal vaccine that can provide broad-spectrum protection, has low production costs, and is suitable for all age groups.
[0006] With the development of genomics, proteomics, and immunology, the research and development of a novel generation of pneumococcal vaccines has become an important direction in vaccine development. Among them, novel vaccines designed based on conservative antigen proteins have great prospects. The novel vaccine is based on conserved protein antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae, such as pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) , pneumococcal surface antigen A (PsaA) , etc. These proteins are highly conserved in different serotypes and are expected to provide broad-spectrum protection.
[0007] Compared with traditional polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines, vaccines designed based on conservative antigen proteins have multiple advantages: (1) they are not limited by serotypes and are expected to provide broad-spectrum protection; (2) the production process is relatively simple and the cost is low; and (3) they can be combined with antigens of other pathogens to develop multivalent vaccines.
[0008] In summary, the development of a novel generation of pneumococcal vaccines is urgent and will become the key in solving various problems of traditional pneumococcal vaccines. The novel vaccine is not only expected to provide broader protection, but may also reduce production costs, making it easier to promote and use the vaccine globally. These studies are not only crucial for controlling Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection, but also provide new ideas and methods for the development of other bacterial vaccines. Therefore, although various novel pneumococcal vaccines have been disclosed in the prior art, there is still an urgent need in the art for a fusion protein, immune composition, and vaccine that can weaken tissue lesions caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection, have good immunogenicity, play an effective preventive and immunoprotective role, and efficiently prevent Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection.Summary of the invention
[0009] In response to the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel fusion protein, immunogenic composition, recombinant vaccine, and molecular architecture design and application for the prevention of Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection. The present invention starts from the protein molecular tertiary structures of ply and PhtD, and combines with immune epitopes to design and combine various ply and PhtD truncation types. After creative screening, the C-terminal domain of ply protein and the N-terminal domain of phtD protein are finally selected to construct a fusion protein, and elements such as Fc domain and STABILON are further added. The present invention has discovered that the novel fusion protein molecule can weaken tissue lesions caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection, has good immunogenicity, plays an effective preventive and immunoprotective role, and efficiently prevents Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection. The present invention also provides corresponding recombinant nucleic acids, gene expression cassettes, vectors, host cells, pharmaceutical compositions, vaccines, uses, etc.
[0010] One aspect of the present invention provides a fusion protein, which is characterized by comprising following elements from the N terminus to the C terminus:
[0011] (a) a polypeptide fragment of the N-terminal domain of pneumococcal histidine triad protein PhtD; and
[0012] (b) a polypeptide fragment of the C-terminal domain of pneumolysin (ply) .
[0013] Furthermore, the polypeptide fragments of the element (a) and element (b) are derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae.
[0014] Furthermore, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1; and the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0015] Furthermore, the fusion protein comprises the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD, a spacer sequence, and the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply in sequence from the N-terminus to the C-terminus; the amino acid sequence of the spacer sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7; and the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is shown in SEQ ID NO. 3.
[0016] Furthermore, the N-terminus of the fusion protein further comprises a signal peptide and / or an Fc domain of the human immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 protein (IGHG1) .
[0017] Furthermore, the signal peptide is derived from human Azurocidin protein, with its amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4; the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of the human immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0018] Furthermore, the C-terminus of the fusion protein further comprises the C-terminal polypeptide fragment (STABILON) of the human S5a / PSMD4 proteasome subunit, with its amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 6.
[0019] Furthermore, the various elements of the fusion protein can be optionally linked via a linking peptide.
[0020] Furthermore, the linking peptide is a spacer sequence, a GGS linker sequence, or a GS linker sequence.
[0021] Furthermore, the amino acid sequence of the spacer sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, the amino acid sequence of the GGS linker sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the amino acid sequence of the GS linker sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.
[0022] Furthermore, the fusion protein comprises the Fc domain of IGHG1, the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD, the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply, and the STABILON in sequence from the N-terminus to the C-terminus.
[0023] Furthermore, the fusion protein comprises the signal peptide derived from the human Azurocidin protein, the Fc domain of IGHG1, the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD, the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply, and the STABILON in sequence from the N-terminus to the C-terminus.
[0024] Furthermore, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide derived from the human Azurocidin protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of IGHG1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply is shown in SEQ ID NO. 2, and the amino acid sequence of STABILON is shown in SEQ ID NO. 6.
[0025] Furthermore, the Fc domain of IGHG1 is linked to the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD via a GGS linker sequence, the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD is linked to the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply via a spacer sequence, and the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply is linked to the STABILON via a GS linker sequence; wherein, the amino acid sequence of the spacer sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, the amino acid sequence of the GGS linker sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the amino acid sequence of the GS linker sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.
[0026] Furthermore, the fusion protein further comprises other pneumococcal antigen proteins.
[0027] Furthermore, the other pneumococcal antigen proteins are selected from one or more of the following: pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) , pneumococcal surface adhesion A (PsaA) , and pneumococcal choline-binding protein A (PcpA) .
[0028] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant nucleic acid molecule, which is characterized by encoding the fusion protein of the present invention.
[0029] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant gene expression cassette, which is characterized by comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule of the present invention.
[0030] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant vector, which is characterized by comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule of the present invention or the recombinant gene expression cassette of the present invention.
[0031] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant host cell, which is characterized by comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule of the present invention, or the recombinant gene expression cassette of the present invention, or the recombinant vector of the present invention.
[0032] Another aspect of the present invention provides an immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition, which is characterized by comprising one or more fusion protein of any one of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecules, and / or one or more recombinant gene expression cassettes of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant vectors of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant host cells of the present invention.
[0033] Furthermore, the immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0034] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant vaccine, which is characterized by comprising one or more fusion protein of any one of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecules, and / or one or more recombinant gene expression cassettes of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant vectors of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant host cells of the present invention, and / or one or more immunogenic compositions or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
[0035] Furthermore, the immunogenic composition or the pharmaceutical composition or the recombinant vaccine of the present invention further comprises an antiviral agent.
[0036] Furthermore, the antiviral agent is an antiviral agent against Streptococcus pneumoniae infectious diseases.
[0037] Another aspect of the present invention provides use of one or more fusion proteins of any one of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecules, and / or one or more recombinant gene expression cassettes of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant vectors of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant host cells of the present invention, and / or one or more immunogenic compositions or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant vaccines of the present invention in the preparation of a drug for prevention and / or vaccination of vaccines or biological immunity or in the preparation of a drug for preventing diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae .
[0038] Furthermore, the drug is used for preventing the tissue infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
[0039] Furthermore, the tissue infection is a lung tissue infection.
[0040] Furthermore, the diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae comprise lung tissue infections, pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, bacteremia, sinusitis, endocarditis, arthritis, peritonitis, and endophthalmitis.
[0041] The fusion protein, immunogenic composition, recombinant vaccine, etc. of the present invention have the following beneficial technical effects:
[0042] 1. The present invention has discovered that novel fusion molecules have good immunogenicity and can provide immunoprotective effects, which can be used for the development of nucleic acid vaccines or subunit vaccines. The immunogenic composition of the present invention can provide effective immune protection against infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
[0043] 2. The present invention can serve as a universal antigen architecture for nucleic acid vaccines or subunit vaccines, with strong immunogenicity. Compared to traditional polysaccharide vaccines, it cannot be limited by serotypes and can induce broad-spectrum immune protection.
[0044] 3. The present invention starts from the protein molecular tertiary structures of ply and PhtD, and combines with immune epitopes to design and combine various ply and PhtD truncation types. After creative screening, the C-terminal domain of ply protein and the N-terminal domain of phtD protein are finally selected to construct the fusion protein, and the truncated polypeptide fragment has a complete and stable 3D structure.
[0045] 4. Example 5 of the present invention demonstrates that the fusion molecule based on the present invention can effectively promote the high abundance expression and secretion of bacterial proteins in eukaryotic cells, and the expressed protein is structurally correct and stable, which is conducive to the presentation of immune epitopes, thereby further improving the immunoprotective effect and providing a new technology for the immunopharmaceutical design of multivalent vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In particular, vaccine C (comprising the fusion protein of N-terminal domain of PhtD protein -C-terminal domain of Ply protein) , which has the highest expression level in the supernatant, demonstrats that compared to the truncated protein Ply protein C-terminal domain and PhtD protein N-terminal domain expressed separately (vaccine A, vaccine B) , the secretion efficiency of the fusion protein is the highest, which is more conducive to antigen presentation and humoral immune activation.
[0046] 5. Example 6 of the present invention shows that in the mouse nasal drip infection model, the comparison results of the lung tissue bacterial load (plate colony count) of mice after immune challenge show that, compared to the blank control group of mice (PBS immunization) , the experimental group of mice (vaccine C immunization) have significantly reduced bacterial load of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the bacterial load of the blank control group of mice is about 450 times that of the experimental group of mice. The vaccine based on the present invention can provide a good immunoprophylactic effect, and in 4 / 5 of individuals, it can almost completely resist Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection (lung tissue bacterial load ≤ 5) . This result demonstrates that the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C based on the present invention can provide an effective immune protection in the mouse model, and vaccinated mice can produce protective immunity to prevent Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection.
[0047] 6. Example 6 of the present invention further demonstrates that, as detected by means of tissue sectioning and HE staining, after challenge, the alveolar structure of mice in the vaccine C-immunized group is relatively intact, with only a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and insignificant thickening of alveolar walls. This result demonstrates that the immune protection induced by the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C based on the present invention in the mouse model can weaken tissue lesions caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection and have good preventive effect.Brief description of the drawings
[0048] Fig. 1 is a schematic 3D structure diagram of the full-length of PhtD protein, the polypeptide of N-terminal domain of PhtD protein, the full-length of ply protein, and the polypeptide of C-terminal domain of ply protein of the present invention.
[0049] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the molecular structures of the vaccines used in the comparative experiment in the example.
[0050] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the non-limiting molecular structure of the fusion protein expressed by the vaccines of the present invention.
[0051] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the plasmid containing the vaccine template of the present invention.
[0052] Figs. 5A-5C show quality control peak diagrams and purity detection results of the vaccines of the present invention; among them, Fig. 5A shows the quality control peak diagram and purity detection results of vaccine A, Fig. 5B shows the quality control peak diagram and purity detection results of vaccine B, and Fig. 5C shows the quality control peak diagram and purity detection results of vaccine C.
[0053] Fig. 6 shows the expression effect of the vaccines of the present invention after transfection into HEK293T cells in vitro.
[0054] Fig. 7 shows the immunization and sampling process of the vaccines of the present invention in a mouse nasal drip infection model.
[0055] Figs. 8A-8B show the preventive and protective effects of the vaccines of the present invention after immunization in the mouse nasal drip infection model; among them, Fig. 8A shows the comparison of lung tissue bacterial load (plate colony count) after immune challenge in mice, and Fig. 8B shows the statistical results of bacterial load.
[0056] Fig. 9 shows the comparison of HE staining results of lung tissue slices after immune challenge in mice.Detailed Description
[0057] Terms and definitions
[0058] The term “S. pneumoniae” refers to Staphylococcus pneumoniae, also known as Diplococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus, and is a spherical gram-positive bacterium with alpha hemolytic properties and belongs to the genus Streptococcus.
[0059] The term “Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection” refers to various diseases caused by Staphylococcus pneumoniae, comprising pneumonia, acute sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, endocarditis, peritonitis, pericarditis, cellulitis, brain abscess, etc.
[0060] The term “PhtD” refers to one of the members of the pneumococcal histidine triad (Pht) protein family of Staphylococcus pneumoniae. This family comprises four member proteins: PhtA, PhtB, PhtD, and PhtE.
[0061] The term “ply” refers to pneumolysin, which is one of the main virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. It is a pore forming toxin composed of 471 amino acids and has the ability to destroy host cells and interfere with host immune responses.
[0062] The term “N-terminal domain” refers to a functional or structural unit in a protein molecule located near the amino terminus (N-terminus) , typically possessing an independent three-dimensional structure or comprising a specific amino acid sequence or conserved region, and thus possessing a specific biological function. Furthermore, the “N-terminal domain” of the present invention adopts the N-terminal domain of PhtD, and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0063] The term “C-terminal domain” refers to a functional or structural unit in a protein molecule located near the carboxyl terminus (C-terminus) , opposite to the N-terminal domain, at the other end of the protein, typically possessing an independent three-dimensional structure or comprising a specific amino acid sequence or conserved region, and thus possessing a specific biological function. Furthermore, the “C-terminal domain” of the present invention adopts the C-terminal domain of ply, and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0064] The term “immune response” refers to a humoral response, a cellular response, or both a humoral and a cellular response in an organism. Immune response can be determined, including but not limited to measuring the presence of antibodies that specifically recognize proteins or cell surface proteins, measuring T cell activation or proliferation, and / or measuring the regulation of activity or expression of one or more cytokines.
[0065] The term “administration” or “vaccination” refers to the administration of the nucleic acid vaccine or vaccine composition of the present invention, preferably through intramuscular or subcutaneous route, although other routes of administration can also be used, such as oral, intranasal (e.g. aerosol or other non-injectable administration) , intralymph node, intradermal, intraperitoneal, rectal or vaginal administration, or by a co-administered route. Intramuscular administration in the neck of the animal is preferred. Boosting regimes can be used to adjust the administration regimen to provide optimal immunity.
[0066] The term “expression” includes any steps involved in polypeptide production, including but not limited to: transcription, post transcriptional modification, translation, post translational modification, and secretion.
[0067] The term “recombinant nucleic acid molecule” refers to the polynucleotide with sequences that are not linked together in nature. Recombinant polynucleotides can be included in a suitable vector and the vector can be used for transformation into suitable host cells. Then the polynucleotide is expressed in the recombinant host cells to produce products such as “recombinant polypeptides” , “recombinant proteins” , “fusion proteins” etc.
[0068] The term “recombinant expression vector” refers to the DNA structure used for expressing, for example, the nucleotide encoding the desired polypeptide. Recombinant expression vectors may include, for example transcriptional subunits comprising (1) a collection of genetic elements that have a regulatory effect on gene expression, such as promoters and enhancers; (2) structural or coding sequences that are transcribed into mRNAs and translated into proteins; and (3) appropriate transcriptional and translational initiation and termination sequences. Recombinant expression vectors can be constructed in any suitable manner and can use any vector, including plasmids, viruses, bacteriophages, and transposons. Possible vectors used for the present disclosure include but are not limited to chromosomal, non-chromosomal, and synthetic DNA sequences, such as viral plasmids, bacterial plasmids, phage DNA, yeast plasmids, and vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, such as DNA from viruses such as lentivirus, retrovirus, cowpox, adenovirus, chicken pox, baculovirus, SV40, and pseudorabies virus. Self-replicating vectors and non-self-replicating vectors are included.
[0069] The term “mRNA” refers to messenger RNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, is a type of single stranded ribonucleic acid transcribed from a strand of DNA as a template, carrying genetic information to guide protein synthesis.
[0070] The term “5’ -UTR” refers to “5’ untranslated region” or “5’ UTR” , which is a portion of a gene transcribed into a primary RNA transcript (precursor mRNA) and located upstream of the coding sequence. The primary transcript is the initial RNA product, comprising introns and exons, produced by DNA transcription. Many primary transcripts must undergo RNA processing to form RNA with physiological activity. The processing to form mature mRNA includes modification of ends, excision of introns, capping, and / or shearing out of individual rRNA molecules from the precursor RNA. Therefore, the 5’ UTR of mRNA is a portion of mRNA that is not translated into proteins and is located upstream of the coding sequence. In genomic sequences, the 5’ UTR is typically defined as the region located between the transcription start site and the start codon. The 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR) of vertebrate mRNAs can be tens to hundreds of bases in length.
[0071] The term “3’ UTR” refers to “3’ untranslated region” or “3’ UTR” , which relates to the region located at the 3’ end of a gene, downstream of the stop codon in the protein coding region, and is transcribed but not translated into an amino acid sequence, or relates to the corresponding region in RNA molecules. The 3’ -untranslated region typically extends from the stop codon of the translation product to the poly (A) sequence that is typically attached after the transcription process. The 3’ -untranslated region of mammalian mRNA typically has a homologous region known as the AAUAAA hexanucleotide sequence. This sequence may be a poly (A) attachment signal and is often located at 10 to 30 bases upstream of the poly (A) attachment site. The 3’ -untranslated region can contain one or more reverse repeats, which can be folded to produce a stem loop structure that acts as a barrier for ribonucleases or interacts with proteins known to enhance RNA stability, such as RNA-binding proteins.
[0072] The term “host cell” refers to cells into which exogenous polynucleotides have been introduced, including offspring of such cells. Host cells include “transformants” and “transformed cells” , which include primary transformed cells and offspring derived from them. Host cells are any type of cell systems that can be used to produce recombinant vaccines based on the present invention, including eukaryotic cells such as mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast cells; and prokaryotic cells, such as E. coli cells. Host cells include cultured cells.
[0073] The term “individual” , “patient” , or “subject” includes mammals. Mammals include but are not limited to domesticated animals such as pigs, cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses, primates such as humans and non-human primates such as monkeys, and rodents such as rabbits, mice, and rats.
[0074] The terms “transformation, transfection, and transduction” have a commonly understood meaning by those skilled in the art, that is, the process of introducing exogenous DNA or RNA into the host.
[0075] The term “drug combination” or “pharmaceutical composition” refers to auxiliary materials widely used in the field of drug production. The main purpose of using a carrier is to provide a pharmaceutical composition that is safe to use, stable in properties, and / or has specific functionality, as well as to provide a method for obtaining an effective absorption in the body of the subject. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be inert fillers or active ingredients that provide certain functions for the pharmaceutical combination, such as stabilizing the overall pH of the composition or preventing degradation of active ingredients in the composition. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include but are not limited to binders, suspending agents, emulsifiers, diluents (or fillers) , granulators, adhesives, disintegrating agents, lubricants, anti-adhesives, flow aids, gelling agents, absorption delaying agents, solubility inhibitors, enhancers, adsorbents, buffering agents, chelating agents, preservatives, colorants, flavour correcting agents, and sweeteners, and so on.
[0076] The term “prevention” refers to exposing (e.g. administering) a subject to a recombinant vaccine, composition, etc., based on the present invention before suffering from a disease, in order to alleviate the symptoms of the subject after suffering from the disease compared to non-expose, and does not imply that it is necessary to suppress suffering from the disease completely.
[0077] Unless otherwise defined or clearly indicated by the contexts, all technical and scientific terms used in this disclosure have the same meanings as is commonly understood by those skilled in the art described herein.
[0078] The present invention discloses a novel preparation method of pneumococcal vaccine and its application. Those skilled in the art can refer to the contents of this article and improve the process parameters as appropriate to achieve this. It should be noted that all similar alternations and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included within the scope of the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred examples, and it is obvious that relevant personnel can make modifications or appropriate changes and combinations to the method and application described herein without departing from the content, spirit, and scope of the present invention, in order to implement and apply the technology of the present invention.
[0079] As for the fusion proteins and encoded nucleic acids and elements thereof, the methods of preparation and the applications thereof provided by the present invention, the raw materials and reagents used therein are commercially available.
[0080] The present invention will be further elucidated in connection with examples. Among them, as a preferred option, the nucleic acid vaccine architecture is selected for the preparation of recombinant vaccines.
[0081] Example 1. Polypeptide truncation design of domains of ply protein and PhtD protein
[0082] Due to the reasons, such as the cytotoxicity of ply protein and the high molecular weight of PhtD protein, neither of the two antigen proteins is suitable for full-length expression or the construction of fusion proteins in full-length form for vaccine preparation. Therefore, it is necessary to truncate or modify the ply protein and PhtD protein, while preserving immunogenicity, to ensure that the truncated or modified new molecule has a stable tertiary structure, thereby achieving beneficial effects such as easier secretion and expression, strong immunogenicity, and no cytotoxicity.
[0083] According to the above idea, the present invention starts from the protein molecular tertiary structures of ply and PhtD, combines with immune epitopes, and truncates polypeptide fragments with stable structures. Multiple different ply and phtD truncation types are designed and combined, and after screening, the C-terminal domain of ply protein and the N-terminal domain of phtD protein are finally selected. Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal domain of PhtD protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal domain of ply protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. As shown in Fig. 1, the truncated polypeptide fragments have complete 3D structures. The truncated polypeptide fragments will be used as antigen sequences for vaccine design and comparative experiments in subsequent examples of the present invention.
[0084] Example 2. Construction of a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine of the present invention
[0085] In order to prepare a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine containing the antigen of the present invention and compare whether the vaccine based on the present invention has good in vitro expression effect, the molecular architectures of the vaccines involved in the examples are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. As an example, Fig. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the molecular structures of vaccine A and vaccine B used in the comparative experiment in the examples. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the protein molecule expressed by vaccine C used in the examples of the present invention, which comprises the following elements in sequence from the N-terminus to the C-terminus: signal peptide, Fc domain, target antigen region (the N-terminal domain of PhtD protein and the C-terminal domain of PhtD protein, which can be linked via a spacer sequence) , STABILON, each element can be linked directly or linked via different linkers, such as GGS linker or GS linker. The differences among vaccine A, vaccine B, and vaccine C shown in Figs. 2 and 3 lie in the different target antigen regions, and the target antigens are the C-terminal domain of Ply protein, the N-terminal domain of PhtD protein, and the N-terminal domain of PhtD protein and the C-terminal domain of PhtD protein (both can be linked via a spacer sequence) , respectively. In order to prepare a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine capable of producing the proteins shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a gene expression cassette is first constructed for expressing the antigen sequence of the present invention. The expression cassette, from the 5’ end to the 3’ end, sequentially includes: 5’ UTR, CDS region, 3’ UTR, PolyA, among them, the CDS region contains the fusion molecular architecture described in the present invention. Subsequently, the complete gene expression cassette sequence is optimized based on codon degeneracy, and the DNA sequence is directly obtained through gene synthesis (Genscript Biotech Corporation was commissioned to synthesize the sequence) . Finally, the synthesized gene expression cassette DNA sequence is inserted into an expression vector that can be used for in vitro RNA transcription, as shown in Fig. 4, to obtain the vector plasmid for preparing recombinant nucleic acid vaccines.
[0086] According to the above method, the vectors for subsequent examples are prepared:
[0087] (1) A recombinant nucleic acid vaccine A preparation vector based on the present invention
[0088] Step a: synthesize the fusion gene fragment of “signal peptide-human IGHG Fc domain-C-terminal domain of ply -STABILON” . The Fc domain of human IGHG and the C-terminal domain of ply are linked via the GGS linker sequence with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, the C-terminal domain of ply and STABILON are linked via the GS linker sequence with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of human IGHG is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal domain of ply is shown in SEQ ID NO. 2, and the amino acid sequence of STABILON is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0089] Step b: construct a nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector.
[0090] The nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector comprises 5’ -UTR and 3’ -UTR, which can be a vector for producing any form of RNA vaccines or a vector for producing DNA vaccines.
[0091] Step c: prepare recombinant plasmids.
[0092] The gene synthesized in step a is inserted into the vector architecture of step b to obtain a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine A preparation vector based on the present invention.
[0093] (2) A recombinant nucleic acid vaccine B preparation vector based on the present invention
[0094] Step a: synthesize the fusion gene fragment of “signal peptide-human IGHG Fc domain-N-terminal domain of PhtD-STABILON” . The Fc domain of human IGHG and the N-terminal domain of PhtD are linked via the GGS linker sequence with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, the N-terminal domain of PhtD and STABILON are linked via the GS linker sequence with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of human IGHG is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal domain of PhtD is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1, and the amino acid sequence of STABILON is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0095] Step b: construct a nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector.
[0096] The nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector comprises 5’ -UTR and 3’ -UTR, which can be a vector for producing any form of RNA vaccines or a vector for producing DNA vaccines.
[0097] Step c: prepare recombinant plasmids.
[0098] The gene synthesized in step a is inserted into the vector architecture of step b to obtain the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine B preparation vector based on the present invention.
[0099] (3) A recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C preparation vector based on the present invention
[0100] Step a: synthesize the fusion gene fragment of “signal peptide-human IGHG Fc domain-N-terminal domain of PhtD-C-terminal domain of ply -STABILON” . The Fc domain of human IGHG and the N-terminal domain of PhtD are linked via the GGS linker sequence with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, the N-terminal domain of PhtD and the C-terminal domain of ply are linked via the spacer sequence with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, the C-terminal domain of ply and STABILON are linked via the GS linker sequence with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of human IGHG is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal domain of PhtD is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1, the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal domain of ply is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and the amino acid sequence of STABILON is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0101] Step b: construct a nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector.
[0102] The nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector comprises 5’ -UTR and 3’ -UTR, which can be a vector for producing any form of RNA vaccines or a vector for producing DNA vaccines.
[0103] Step c: prepare recombinant plasmids.
[0104] The gene synthesized in step a is inserted into the vector architecture of step b to obtain the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C preparation vector based on the present invention.
[0105] Table 1. Amino acid sequences of proteins involved in the present invention
[0106] Example 3. Preparation of a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine of the present invention
[0107] (1) Preparation of a capped mRNA vaccine
[0108] Step a: the vector plasmid used for producing capped mRNA vaccines in Example 2 is enzymatically linearized to obtain a linearized plasmid for in vitro transcription.
[0109] Step b: the in vitro co-transcription capping reaction is performed to the linearized plasmid, the 7-methylated guanylate cap structure is added to the 5’ terminus of the transcribed mRNA, and the template DNA is degraded.
[0110] (2) Preparation of a non-capped mRNA vaccine
[0111] Step a: the vector plasmid used for producing non-capped mRNA vaccines in Example 2 is enzymatically linearized to obtain a linearized plasmid for in vitro transcription.
[0112] Step b: the in vitro non-capped transcription reaction is performed to the linearized plasmid and the template DNA is degraded.
[0113] (3) Preparation of DNA vaccine
[0114] Step a: the vector plasmid used for producing DNA vaccines in Example 2 is amplified to obtain a large amount of target plasmids for purification.
[0115] Step b: the target plasmids are extracted and purified using the De-Endotoxin Plasmid Extraction and Purification Kit.
[0116] Example 4. Quality control of in vitro transcription of recombinant nucleic acids and vaccine preparation of the present invention
[0117] Vaccine A (the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine A based on the present invention) , vaccine B (the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine B based on the present invention) , and vaccine C (the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C based on the present invention) are prepared using the method for preparing the capped mRNA vaccine in Example 3. Purity testing is performed on the produced recombinant nucleic acids, and the purity of the recombinant nucleic acids used for experiments is greater than 90%. The quality control peak diagrams of the recombinant nucleic acids based on the present invention are shown in Figs. 5A, 5B, and 5C. The specific description is: (1) as for the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine A based on the present invention, the purity is 93%, and the quality control peak diagram and purity detection results are shown in Fig. 5A; (2) as for the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine B based on the present invention, the purity is 94.6%, and the quality control peak diagram and purity detection results are shown in Fig. 5B; and (3) as for the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C based on the present invention, the purity is 90.1%, and the quality control peak diagram and purity detection results are shown in Fig. 5C. The above purities meet the quality requirements for cell transfection experiments and vaccine production.
[0118] Example 5. In vitro expression effect of recombinant nucleic acids of the present invention
[0119] Vaccines from Example 4 are transfected into HEK293T cells by cell transfection reagents, and the proteins are collected after 48 hours of in vitro incubation and subjected to Western blot, and the protein molecular weights of vaccine A, vaccine B, and vaccine C are calculated, as shown in Table 2.
[0120] Table 2. Protein molecular weights of vaccines A, B, and C
[0121] Fig. 6 shows the in vitro expression WB (Western blot) detection results of HEK293 cells transfected with vaccines A, B, and C, and the antigens expressed by all three are humoral immune antigens, and theoretically, significant expression thereof can be detected in the supernatant.
[0122] As shown in Fig. 6, the target protein signals are detected in the supernatant of vaccines A, B, and C, and the molecular weight sizes are all as expected. This proves that the truncated protein and fusion protein based on the present invention are not only able to be translated smoothly and folded correctly in eukaryotic cells, but also structurally stabilized and efficiently secreted into the extracellular space.
[0123] Among them, vaccine C has the highest expression level in the supernatant, indicating that compared to the truncated protein expressed separately, the secretion efficiency of the fusion protein is the highest, which is more conducive to antigen presentation and humoral immune activation. Therefore, animal experiments will be conducted using vaccine C to verify the immune protective effect.
[0124] Example 6: Preventive effect of recombinant nucleic acid vaccine based on the present invention in the mouse nasal drip infection model
[0125] In order to verify whether the nucleic acid vaccine based on the present invention has immunoprotective effects, this example conducts a comparative experiment of immunization and challenge between vaccine immunized mice (experimental group, i.e. vaccine C) and non-immunized mice (blank control group) .
[0126] A total of 12 Balb / c strain mice aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-25 g, are selected for the experiment. They are all housed in independent cages with constant temperature and humidity, and adapted to the environment 3-7 days in advance, with the temperature in the feeding room at 20-26℃, humidity at 40-70%, alternating light and darkness during day and night, with light illumination from 8:00 a. m. to 8: 00 p. m., and dark illumination from 8: 00 p. m. to 8: 00 a. m. of the next morning; and fed with sufficient feed continuously, unlimited free intake, drinking sterile water, uninterrupted water supply from drinking bottle, free intake. After adaptive feeding, mice are randomly divided into 4 groups, with 6 mice in each group, and each mouse is labeled with ear tags. Specifically, as shown in Table 3, the dosage in this Table and hereinafter refers to the amount of active ingredients.
[0127] Table 3. Immunization experiment grouping and immunization process of mice in Example 5
[0128] Each group of mice are immunized twice according to the immunization process in Table 3. Challenge is performed on Day 35 (Day35) , and the mice are anesthetized with isoflurane gas. After the mice are completely anesthetized, 40 μL of Streptococcus pneumoniae solution (5 × 106 CFU / mL) is used for nasal instillation. After nasal instillation, the mice are fed normally and their clinical manifestations are monitored and recorded daily. On Day 38 (Day38) , mice are euthanized, samples are collected, and lung tissue bacterial load and lung tissue pathological sections are tested to evaluate the immune protective effect of the vaccine. The immunization, challenge, and sampling processes are shown in Fig. 7.
[0129] 10 mg of lung tissue from each mouse is taken, ground separately and diluted 1000 times, and it is cultured in LB solid culture dishes to detect the bacterial load in the lung tissue. The results are shown in Figs. 8A and 8B. Fig. 8A shows the comparison of lung tissue bacterial load (plate colony count) after immune challenge in mice, and the results show that compared to the blank control group of mice (immunized with PBS) , the Streptococcus pneumoniae load of the experimental group of mice (immunized with vaccine C) significantly decreases. Fig. 8B shows the statistical results of bacterial load, and the results show that the bacterial load of the blank control group of mice is approximately 450 times that of the experimental group of mice. The vaccine based on the present invention can provide good immunoprophylactic effect, and in 4 / 5 of individuals, it can almost completely resist Streptococcus pneumoniae infection (lung tissue bacterial load ≤5) . This result demonstrates that the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C based on the present invention can provide effective immune protection in the mouse model, and vaccinated mice can produce protective immunity to prevent Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection.
[0130] Part of the lung tissue from each mouse is cut, fixed with paraformaldehyde, embed in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin eosin dye, and observed the pathological changes of the lung tissue under a microscope. As shown in Fig. 9, the blank control group of mice (immunized with PBS) has a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the alveoli, locally visible bleeding foci, significantly thickened alveolar walls, and significantly reduced alveoli; the alveolar structure of mice in the experimental group (immunized with vaccine C) is relatively intact, with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and insignificant thickening of alveolar walls. This result demonstrates that the immune protection induced by the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C based on the present invention in a mouse model can weaken tissue lesions caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection and have good preventive effect.
[0131] In summary, the immunogenic composition provided by the present invention can induce model animal mice to produce effective protective immunity, and have therapeutic and preventive effects against Streptococcus Pneumoniae infection. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to the production and development of immune drugs, filling the gap in the current development of Streptococcus pneumoniae broad-spectrum vaccines, with high commercial value and broad application prospects.
[0132] The above embodiments disclosed in this disclosure are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the examples provided in this disclosure, and are not intended to limit the embodiments disclosed in this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure could be included within the protection scope of the claims of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A fusion protein, which is characterized by comprising following elements from the N-terminus to the C-terminus:Element a, a polypeptide fragment of the N-terminal domain of Pneumococcal histidine triad protein PhtD; andElement b, a polypeptide fragment of the C-terminal domain of Pneumolysin (ply) , The polypeptide fragments of the element a and element b are derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae; the amino acid sequence of the element a is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1; and the amino acid sequence of the element b is shown in SEQ ID NO. 2.2.The fusion protein according to claim 1, characterized in that the N-terminus of the fusion protein further comprises a signal peptide and / or an Fc domain of the human immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 protein (IGHG1) ; alternatively, the C-terminus of the fusion protein further comprises the C-terminal polypeptide fragment (STABILON) of the human S5a / PSMD4 proteasome subunit.3.The fusion protein according to claim 2, characterized in that the signal peptide is derived from human Azurocidin protein, with its amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4; the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of IGHG1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5; and the amino acid sequence of the STABILON is shown in SEQ ID NO. 6.4.The fusion protein according to claim 2, characterized in that the fusion protein comprises, in sequence from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, the signal peptide derived from the human Azurocidin protein, the Fc domain of IGHG1, the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD, the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply, and the STABILON; wherein the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide derived from human Azurocidin protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of IGHG1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply is shown in SEQ ID NO. 2, and the amino acid sequence of STABILON is shown in SEQ ID NO. 6.5.The fusion protein according to claim 4, characterized in that the Fc domain of IGHG1 is linked to the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD via a GGS linker sequence, the polypeptide fragment of N-terminal domain of PhtD is linked to the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply via a spacer sequence, and the polypeptide fragment of C-terminal domain of ply is linked to the STABILON via a GS linker sequence; the amino acid sequence of the spacer sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, the amino acid sequence of the GGS linker sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the amino acid sequence of the GS linker sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.6.A recombinant nucleic acid molecule, which is characterized by encoding a fusion protein according to any one of claims 1-5.7.A recombinant gene expression cassette, which is characterized by comprising a recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim 6.8.A recombinant vector, which is characterized by comprising a recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim 6 or a recombinant gene expression cassette according to claim 7.9.A recombinant host cell, which is characterized by comprising a recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim 6, a recombinant gene expression cassette according to claim 7, or a recombinant vector according to claim 8.10.An immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition, which is characterized by comprising a fusion protein according to any one of claims 1-5, and / or a recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim 6, and / or a recombinant gene expression cassette according to claim 7, and / or a recombinant vector according to claim 8, and / or a recombinant host cell according to claim 9.11.A recombinant vaccine, which is characterized by comprising a fusion protein according to any one of claims 1-5, and / or a recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim 6, and / or a recombinant gene expression cassette according to claim 7, and / or a recombinant vector according to claim 8, and / or a recombinant host cell according to claim 9, and / or an immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10.12.Use of a fusion protein according to any one of claims 1-5, and / or a recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim 6, and / or a recombinant gene expression cassette according to claim 7, and / or a recombinant vector according to claim 8, and / or a recombinant host cell according to claim 9, and / or an immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, and / or a recombinant vaccine according to claim 11 for the preparation of a drug for preventing diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.13.The use according to claim 12, characterized in that the diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae comprise lung tissue infections, pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, bacteremia, sinusitis, endocarditis, arthritis, peritonitis, and endophthalmitis.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Pneumonia multivalence conjugate vaccine and preparation method thereof
CN104208671A
vaccine
CN110179974B
Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine
CN1635904A
Compositions comprising pneumococcal antigens
EP2572726A1
Combinations of meningococcal factor h binding protein and pneumococcal saccharide conjugates
EP3017826A1