Method and apparatus for communication
The method improves communication reliability in AMP devices by using synchronization signals to adjust slot durations based on response detection, addressing clock inaccuracy and enhancing time alignment and resource efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Ambient power (AMP) devices face communication reliability issues due to inaccurate clock accuracy, leading to time misalignment and potential communication failures.
A method where a synchronization signal indicates the end of a slot based on detection of a response, allowing flexible slot duration adjustment, and a synchronization sequence with on-off key modulation to maintain time synchronization, reducing resource consumption and improving reliability.
Enhances communication reliability by aligning slots accurately and optimizing resource utilization, reducing collisions and improving air-time efficiency.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024116948_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for communication.BACKGROUND
[0002] As a large amount of things involved in Internet of Things (IoT) , it is unrealistic for everything to be equipped with a large-capacity battery. Ambient power (AMP) is an emerging technology, where an AMP device may be designed to utilize power harvesting technologies to significantly increase its battery lifespan. For example, an AMP may use a radio frequency (RF) power harvesting (or backscattering) technology to communicate.
[0003] The AMP device may perform well in power consumption, but it’s clock accuracy may be poor due to hardware restrictions. Inaccurate clock may lead to time misalignment between communication parties, which may lead to communication failure.
[0004] Therefore, an urgent technical problem to be solved is that how to improve communication reliability.SUMMARY
[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a method and apparatus for communication, which can improve communication reliability.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a transmitter side, for example, transmitter or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a transmitter. For example, the method is applied to a transmitter (e.g., an AMP device) . In the method, the transmitter detects a response within a first slot; and the transmitter transmits a first synchronization signal based on a detection result, where the first synchronization signal indicates an end of the first slot and a start of a second slot following the first synchronization signal.
[0007] According to a second aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a receiver side, for example, receiver or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a receiver. For example, the method is applied to a receiver (e.g., an AMP device) . In the method, the receiver receives a first synchronization signal, where the first synchronization signal indicates an end of the first slot and a start of a second slot following the first synchronization signal, and the first synchronization signal is based on a detection result within the first slot; determining the start of the second slot.
[0008] According to the foregoing method, the start of the second slot is indicated (triggered) by a first synchronization signal, rather than based on the receiver’s clock. Therefore, the reliability of the communication can be improved.
[0009] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the detection result is that no response is received within the first slot, and time duration of the first slot is shorter than or equal to a first threshold.
[0010] According to the foregoing method, the (actual) time duration of the first slot may be shorter than the first threshold (e.g., a designed slot duration) . That is, the transmitter may transmit a first synchronization signal to end the first slot earlier when no response is received, improving time resource utilization.
[0011] According to a first aspect, the detecting the response within a first slot, includes: receiving a first response within the first slot, where time duration of the first slot is determined based on time duration of the first response.
[0012] According to a second aspect, the method further includes: the receiver transmits a first response within the first slot, where the detection result is that the first response is received within the first slot, and time duration of the first slot is determined based on time duration of the first response.
[0013] According to the foregoing method, the time duration of the first slot can be determined based on the time duration of the first response. That is, the time duration of the first slot is flexible.
[0014] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to a second threshold, and time duration of the first slot is shorter than or equal to a first threshold.
[0015] According to the foregoing method, the time duration of the first response may be shorter than a second threshold. That is, the transmitter may receive the first response and finds that it ended earlier, so that the transmitter may send a first synchronization signal to end the first slot earlier. The usage of a time resource can be improved.
[0016] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the second threshold is smaller than or equal to the first threshold.
[0017] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the first synchronization signal carries a synchronization sequence, and the synchronization sequence indicates the end of the first slot and the start of the second slot following the synchronization sequence.
[0018] According to the foregoing method, when the first synchronization signal only carries the synchronization sequence, the receiver may determine that the start boundary of the second slot is at the end of the synchronization sequence. The first synchronization signal has a simple structure and occupies few resources to maintain time synchronization.
[0019] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the synchronization sequence is on-off key modulated.
[0020] According to the foregoing method, the on-off key modulation method can reduce the decoding complexity for the receiver side.
[0021] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the first synchronization signal carries a first part of a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) , the first part includes a first field and a second field, the first field indicates a type of identifier carried in the second field, and the identifier carried in the second field includes one or more of: an identifier of the second slot, an identifier of a transmitter that transmits the first synchronization signal, and an identifier of a receiver associated with the second slot.
[0022] According to the foregoing method, the first synchronization signal may further carry information related to the identifier, so that the receiver may communicate more reliably with the transmitter based on the information.
[0023] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, a first PPDU includes multiple sequences that include the synchronization sequence, and each of the multiple sequences indicates a start of a slot following the corresponding sequence.
[0024] According to the foregoing method, a single PPDU may be used to indicate the start of multiple slots. The air-time resource utilization can be improved.
[0025] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the first synchronization signal carries a second PPDU, and the second PPDU indicates the start of the second slot following the second PPDU.
[0026] According to the foregoing method, a single second PPDU may be used to indicate the start of a single slot (i.e., the second slot) . This enables the time slot alignment more flexible.
[0027] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the first synchronization signal carries a part of a third PPDU, the third PPDU further includes a carrier signal, the third PPDU indicates the start of the second slot starting from a start of the carrier signal, and the carrier signal is used for providing power for backscatter of a response within the second slot.
[0028] According to the foregoing method, a single third PPDU may be used to indicate the start of a single slot (i.e., the second slot) , and may further provide the carrier signal for the receiver. This enables the time slot alignment flexible.
[0029] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the second PPDU or the third PPDU includes a second part, and the second part includes a third field, and the third field indicates that no data field is included in the second PPDU or the third PPDU.
[0030] According to the foregoing method, the second PPDU or the third PPDU may be a short PPDU that includes no data field, which could reduce the resource consumption.
[0031] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the second part further includes a fourth field, the fourth field includes a first subfield and a second subfield, the first subfield indicates a type of identifier carried in the second subfield, the identifier carried in the second subfield includes one or more of: an identify of a session associated with the second slot, an identifier of the second slot, and an identifier of a receiver associated with the second slot.
[0032] According to the foregoing method, the second part may carry information related to identifier, so that the receiver may communicate more reliably with the transmitter based on the information.
[0033] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the second part further includes a fifth field, and the fifth field indicates that the second PPDU or the third PPDU is used to indicate the start of the second slot.
[0034] According to the foregoing method, the second PPDU or the third PPDU is a PPDU with specific function, and the receiver can know the function based on the fifth field, improving the communication reliability.
[0035] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the first synchronization signal carries a media access control (MAC) frame that indicates the start of the second slot following the MAC frame.
[0036] According to the foregoing method, a single MAC frame may be used to indicate the start of a single slot (i.e., the second slot) . This enables the time slot alignment more flexible.
[0037] According to a first aspect, the method further includes: transmits a first request frame, where the first request frame indicates one or more of: at least one third slot and at least one receiver, where the at least one third slot is allocated to the at least one receiver.
[0038] According to a second aspect, the method further includes: receives a first request frame, where the first request frame indicates one or more of: at least one third slot and at least one receiver, where the at least one third slot is allocated to the at least one receiver.
[0039] According to the foregoing method, the transmitter could allocate at least one third slot to at least one receiver for scheduled transmission.
[0040] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the first request frame includes a sixth field, and the sixth field indicates that a start of each third slot is indicated by a second synchronization signal.
[0041] According to the foregoing method, in scheduled transmission period, the start of the third slot can be indicated by a second synchronization signal. The reliability of communication in the scheduled transmission period can be reduced.
[0042] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the first frame includes a seventh field, and the seventh field indicates that a start of a third slot is indicated by a second synchronization signal when no response or a second response is received within the corresponding third slot, and time duration of the second response is shorter than or equal to a third threshold.
[0043] According to the foregoing method, in scheduled transmission period, the (actual) time duration of the third slot may be shorter than the first threshold (e.g., a designed slot duration) . That is, the transmitter may transmit a fourth synchronization signal to end the third slot earlier when no response or a short response is received, improving time resource utilization.
[0044] According to a first aspect, the method further includes: transmits a second request frame, where the second request frame indicates a random access session, and the random access session is associated with the first slot and the second slot.
[0045] According to a second aspect, the method further includes: receives a second request frame, where the second request frame indicates a random access session, and the random access session is associated with the first slot and the second slot.
[0046] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the second request frame includes an eighth field, and the eighth field indicates that the start of the second slot is indicated by the first synchronization signal.
[0047] According to the foregoing method, at the start of the random access session, the receiver can know that the start of the second slot would be indicated by the first synchronization signal, enabling subsequent reliable communication.
[0048] According to a first aspect or a second aspect, the second request frame includes a ninth field, and the ninth field indicates that the start of the second slot is indicated by the first synchronization signal when no response or a first response is received within the first slot, and time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to a second threshold.
[0049] According to the foregoing method, at the start of the random access session, the receiver can know that the first slot may be shorten when no response or a short response is received within the first slot, enabling subsequent reliable communication.
[0050] According to a first aspect, the transmitting the first synchronization signal, includes: transmitting the first synchronization signal to one or more ambient power devices.
[0051] According to a third aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a transmitter side, for example, transmitter or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a transmitter. For example, the method is applied to a transmitter (e.g., an AMP device) . In the method, the transmitter transmits a request frame, where the request frame indicates at least one slot and at least one receiver, and the at least one slot is allocated to the at least one receiver; the transmitter detects a response within a first slot of the at least one slot; the transmitter transmits a synchronization signal based on a detection result, wherein the synchronization signal indicates an end of the first slot and a start of a second slot of the at least one slot following the synchronization signal.
[0052] According to a fourth aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a receiver side, for example, receiver or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a receiver. For example, the method is applied to a receiver (e.g., an AMP device) . In the method, the receiver receives a request frame, where the request frame indicates at least one slot and at least one receiver, and the at least one slot is allocated to the at least one receiver; the receiver receivies a synchronization signal, where the synchronization signal is based on a detection result within a first slot of the at least one slot, and the synchronization signal indicates an end of the first slot and a start of a second slot of the at least one slot following the synchronization signal.
[0053] According to a fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect or the third aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect or the third aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0054] According to a sixth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect or the fourth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect or the fourth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0055] According to a seventh aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect or the third aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect or the third aspect.
[0056] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0057] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0058] The communication apparatus may be a transmitter, a module in a transmitter, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a transmitter, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip, or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0059] According to an eighth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect or the fourth aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect or the fourth aspect.
[0060] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0061] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0062] The communication apparatus may be a receiver, a module in a receiver, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a receiver, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0063] According to a ninth aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus and / or a second communication apparatus, the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect or the third aspect, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect or the fourth aspect.
[0064] According to a tenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first to the fourth aspect.
[0065] According to an eleventh aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.
[0066] According to a twelfth aspect, this application provides a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a transmitter of the present application, or an apparatus in (or at) a receiver of the present application.
[0067] According to a thirteenth aspect, this application provides a method performed by a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a transmitter of the present application, and an apparatus in (or at) a receiver of the present application.
[0068] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0069] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a wireless local area network.
[0070] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an AMP system.
[0071] FIG. 3 illustrates a communication session between AMP reader and AMP tags.
[0072] FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application.
[0073] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first part (slot SYNC) according to a first implementation of this application.
[0074] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of transmission of the slot SYNC according to a first implementation of this application.
[0075] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a second PPDU according to a second implementation of this application.
[0076] FIG. 8 illustrates another schematic diagram of a second part of a second PPDU according to a second implementation of this application.
[0077] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a third PPDU according to a third implementation of this application.
[0078] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of transmission of a third PPDU according to this application.
[0079] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic of a MAC frame according to a fourth implementation of this application.
[0080] FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of transmission of an AMP short frame according to a fourth implementation of this application.
[0081] FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic diagram of transmission of a combination of AMP SYNC and AMP SIG according to an implementation of this application.
[0082] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic diagram of response-based transmission according to an implementation of this application.
[0083] FIG. 15 illustrates another schematic diagram of response-based transmission according to an implementation of this application.
[0084] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first request frame according to an implementation of this application.
[0085] FIG. 17 illustrates another schematic diagram of a first request frame according to an implementation of this application.
[0086] FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic diagram of a second request frame according to an implementation of this application.
[0087] FIG. 19 illustrates a schematic diagram of non-explicit slot transmission according to an implementation of this application.
[0088] FIG. 20 illustrates another schematic diagram of non-explicit slot transmission according to an implementation of this application.
[0089] FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.
[0090] FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0091] The following describes technical solutions of this application with reference to accompanying drawings.
[0092] Embodiments of this application may be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) . For example, standards used in the WLAN are the institute of electrical and electronics engineer (institute of electrical and electronics engineers, IEEE) 802.11 series, e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be (i.e., Wi-Fi 7, also referred to as extremely high throughput (EHT) ) , 802.11bn (i.e., Wi-Fi 8, also referred to as ultra high reliability (UHR) ) or the next versions, comprising 802.11ad, or 802.11ay etc. Embodiments of this application may be also applied in a WLAN that supports integrated millimeter wave (IMMW) , ultra wide band (UWB) (e.g., 802.15 series) , sensing system (e.g., 802.11bf series) , wireless positioning (e.g., 802.11az) , spark link, or near link etc.
[0093] The WLAN may include a plurality of basic service sets (BSSs) , and network nodes in the BSS may be referred to as a station (STA) in general. The BSS may be a basic module for IEEE 802.11. Based on differences in topology, function, etc., BSS can be divided into infrastructure BSS and independent BSS.
[0094] In infrastructure BSS, the infrastructure BSS may include a special STA used for accessing the distribution system (DS) , and the STA can be referred to as an access point (AP) . Other STAs can be referred to as a non-AP STA. The non-AP STA could access the DS through the AP. Therefore, in infrastructure BSS, the STAs can be specifically divided into AP and non-AP STA, and each BSS may include one AP and multiple associated non-AP STAs. Within a BSS, the AP can communicate with each associated non-AP STA, and non-AP STA may not communicate with each other directly by default. In addition, a BSS can also be understood as a cell. In independent BSS, the STAs can be treated as equals, with no division between AP and non-AP STA. The STAs can communicate with each other. In this application, unless otherwise specified, BSS refers to a structured BSS, and the STA can be an AP or a non-AP STA.
[0095] The AP in embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a wireless access point, a hotspot, or the like. The AP is an access point used by a mobile user to access a wired network, and is mainly deployed in a home, inside a building, and inside a campus, with a typical coverage radius of tens of meters to hundreds of meters. Certainly, the AP may alternatively be deployed outdoors. The AP is equivalent to a bridge that connects the wired network and a wireless network. A main function of the AP is to connect wireless network clients together, and then connect the wireless network to the Ethernet. Optionally, the AP may be a device that supports the 802.11ax standard. Further, optionally, the AP may be a device that supports a plurality of WLAN standards such as 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be, 802.11bn, or a later version.
[0096] The non-AP STA in embodiments of this application may be a wireless communication chip, a wireless sensor, or a wireless communication terminal. For example, the STA may be a mobile phone supporting a Wi-Fi communication function, a tablet computer supporting a Wi-Fi communication function, a set-top box supporting a Wi-Fi communication function, a smart television supporting a Wi-Fi communication function, a smart wearable device supporting a Wi-Fi communication function, a vehicle-mounted communication device supporting a Wi-Fi communication function, or a computer supporting a Wi-Fi communication function. Optionally, the STA may support the 802.11ax standard. Further, optionally, the STA may support the plurality of WLAN standards such as 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be, 802.11bn, or the later version.
[0097] In embodiments of this application, the STA or the AP includes a hardware layer, an operating system layer that runs on the hardware layer, and an application layer that runs on the operating system layer. The hardware layer includes hardware such as a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU) , a memory management unit (memory management unit, MMU) , and a memory (also referred to as a main memory) . An operating system may be any one or more types of computer operating systems that implement service processing through a process (process) , for example, a Linux operating system, a Unix operating system, an Android operating system, an iOS operating system, or a Windows operating system. The application layer includes applications such as a browser, an address book, word processing software, and instant messaging software. In addition, a specific structure of an entity for performing a method provided in embodiments of this application is not particularly limited in embodiments of this application, provided that the entity can run a program that records code of the method provided in embodiments of this application to perform communication according to the method provided in embodiments of this application. For example, the entity for performing the method provided in embodiments of this application may be a STA, an AP, or a functional module that is in the STA or the AP and that can invoke and execute the program.
[0098] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a wireless local area network applicable to an embodiment of this application. As shown in (a) in FIG. 1, one BSS may include one AP and one or more STAs associated with the AP. The network architecture of the wireless local area network may further include a plurality of BSSs. For example, as shown in (b) in FIG. 1, the figure shows two BSSs, and an overlapping part of the two BSSs is an OBSS. A BSS #1 includes an AP #1, a STA 11, a STA 12, and a STA 13, and a BSS #2 includes an AP #2, a STA 21, a STA 22, and a STA 23. The STA 11, the STA 12, the STA 22, and the STA 23 form the overlapping part of the two BSSs. Each BSS includes one AP and a plurality of STAs. In one BSS, data may be transmitted between an AP and each STA, and data may be transmitted between a plurality of STAs. Alternatively, communication may be performed between the AP #1 and the AP #2, and communication may also be performed between STAs included in the two BSSs.
[0099] It should be understood that FIG. 1 is merely an example and should not constitute a limitation on the network architecture of the wireless local area network applicable to this application. For example, the network architecture may alternatively include more BSSs, each BSS may alternatively include more STAs, or some BSSs may alternatively not include an AP. An area in which a plurality of BSSs overlap may alternatively include more STAs. This is not limited herein in this embodiment of this application.
[0100] Before introducing the communications method provided by this application, additional concepts and terms are introduced for better understanding.
[0101] 1. ambient power (AMP) AP STA: An AP that can transmit and receive AMP PPDU and communicate with AMP non-AP STAs.
[0102] 2. AMP non-AP STA: A non-AP STA that can transmit and receive AMP PPDU and communicate with AMP AP or another AMP non-AP STA. AMP non-AP STAs that can communicate using mainstream 802.11 protocols such as IEEE 802.11 protocols (e.g., the 802.11a / b / g protocol, the 802.11n protocol, the 802.11ac protocol, the 802.11ax protocol, the 802.11be / Wi-Fi 7 / EHT protocol, the IEEE 802.11bn / UHR / Wi-Fi 8 protocol, may be known as regular AMP non-AP STAs or AMP Assisting non-AP STA while AMP non-AP STAs that can only communicate using the AMP protocol or AMP protocol and limited legacy 802.11 protocol (e.g., 11b / 11n) may be known as AMP assisted non-AP STAs.
[0103] 3. AMP reader: An AMP STA or AMP non-AP STA (e.g., an AMP AP, AMP Relay, AMP Energizer, Smartphone with AMP capabilities etc. ) that is able to receive and decode the backscattered signal from a backscattering AMP non-AP STA.
[0104] 4. AMP carrier source: An AMP STA or AMP non-AP STA (e.g., an AMP AP, AMP Relay, AMP Energizer, Smartphone with AMP capabilities etc. ) that provides the carrier signal to allow another AMP non-AP STA to backscatter its signal.
[0105] An AMP assisted non-AP STA may be classified, based on its capabilities, as Type A AMP STA, Type B AMP STA, and Type C AMP STA.
[0106] Type A AMP STA: Type A AMP STA has capability to support legacy 802.11 protocols (e.g., 802.11b / g / n) and support their own energy source, e.g., battery.
[0107] Type B AMP STA: Type B AMP STA do not support legacy 802.11 protocols and only support low power transceiver operations and also possess some sort of small energy source, e.g., large capacitor, or ambient power source etc. Type B AMP STA are capable of active transmitting without any backscattering carrier signal and may also be referred to as active AMP non-AP STA.
[0108] Type C AMP STA: Type C AMP STA do not support legacy 802.11 protocols and only support low power transceiver operations and do not possess any energy source. Type C AMP STA use backscattering technique for their transmissions.
[0109] Type B and Type C AMP STAs may be implemented in tag forms and may be referred to as AMP tags.
[0110] 802.11bp (AMP) is a new task group within the IEEE 802.11 working group that is studying the support of Ambient Power communication in IEEE 802.11 network. The goal is to address the need of ambient power-enabled Wi-Fi IoT devices (AMP non-AP STAs) . The group is exploring power harvesting technologies that can significantly increase the battery lifespan of the AMP non-AP STAs, such as RF Power harvesting (or backscattering) , power harvesting using light, motion etc.
[0111] This application provides a method and apparatus for communication that can be applied to an AMP system including the AMP devices described above. For ease of understanding embodiments of this application, a possible AMP system is illustrated in FIG. 2.
[0112] Referring to FIG. 2, as an illustrative example, the APM system includes two AMP readers and three AMP tags. The AMP AP acts as an AMP Reader#1 that needs to interact with three tag form AMP non-AP STAs: AMP non-AP STA 1 (i.e., AMP Tag 1) , AMP non-AP STA 2 (i.e., AMP Tag 2) and AMP non-AP STA 3 (i.e., AMP Tag 3) . While the AMP non-AP STA 3 is an active transmitter device and can communicate with an AMP Reader without requiring any carrier signal, AMP non-AP STA 1 and AMP non-AP STA 2 are backscattering devices and require carrier signal to backscatter their signal. A suitable capable Wi-Fi device such as a smartphone (AMP non-AP STA 4) can also act as an AMP Reader#2 for close range (mono-static) backscattering, such as with the AMP non-AP STA 1. If the first AMP Reader is close to any of the AMP non-AP STAs, e.g., AMP non-AP STA1, it can also engage in direct mono-static backscatter based communication with it.
[0113] Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) is the predominant method of channel access in 802.11, in which STAs attempt to avoid collisions by beginning transmission only after the channel is sensed to be "idle" . If the channel is sensed to be “busy” , each STA chooses a random duration to defer the subsequent transmission attempt (known as random backoff procedure) and thereby reduce the chances of collision. The basic version of the medium access protocol in IEEE 802.11 that uses CSMA / CA is called DCF. A more advance version, called EDCA is used by 802.11 STAs that support Quality of Service (QoS) . However, AMP non-AP STAs may not be able to transmit the legacy 802.11 preamble. It is also expected that the AMP non-AP STAs will operate at a much lower channel bandwidth (e.g., 4 MHz) . In addition, the Carrier sensing ability of a certain class of AMP non-AP STAs may be limited due to hardware constraints and / or inability to sense transmissions of other STAs e.g., due to the presence of a stronger signal (e.g., backscattering carrier signal) . This means that such AMP non-AP STAs without carrier sensing ability cannot use the 802.11 medium access protocols such as DCF and EDCA.
[0114] Due to the inability of the tag form AMP non-AP STAs to obtain channel on their own, all communication between the AMP Reader and the AMP tags are always initiated by the AMP Reader. Since a Type C AMP non-AP STA is totally dependent on the carrier signal even for the reception of downlink control signals, prior to the transmission of the Control PPDU carrying the downlink AMP frame to the AMP tags, the AMP Reader first transmits the Energizer PPDU with the carrier signal to the AMP tags, providing them with enough power to receive the subsequent Control PPDU. Shortly after the completion of the transmission of the Energizer PPDU, the AMP Reader transmits the AMP Control PPDU carrying the downlink AMP frame to the AMP tags. It immediately transmits a second Energizer PPDU with the carrier signal to the AMP tags. The AMP tag (s) uses the information carried in the downlink AMP frame to backscatter the solicited response on the carrier signal. For ease of understanding embodiments of this application, a random access session to establish a first communication session between an AMP Reader (e.g., the AMP AP) and the AMP non-AP STAs in a transmission opportunity (TXOP) is illustrated in FIG. 3.
[0115] Referring to FIG. 3, once the AMP reader wins the wireless medium contention and obtains a TXOP, it may transmit a preamble (e.g., legacy 802.11 preamble) and a subsequent CTS-to-Self frame to protect the TXOP. The legacy 802.11 preamble is present at the beginning of almost all 802.11 physical layer protocol data units (PPDUs) . After a short interframe space (SIFS) frame, the AMP reader may transmit a preamble, and a subsequent AMP Poll frame to start a new random access session. The AMP Poll frame may indicate the size of the ECW which in turn will decide how many random access slots are provided in this session. For example, ECW = 3, the random access session includes a total of eight time-slots, of which four time-slots (e.g., slots 0-3) are allocated in this TXOP. The AMP Poll also requests the AMP tags to transmit their IDs and any sensor data if available. The slot duration is calculated such that each slot is long enough for an AMP tag to transmit its STA ID and sensor data. Subsequently, the AMP Reader transmits the carrier signal to the AMP Tags, such that carrier signal is long enough for the AMP tag to backscatter its response in the first four time-slots.
[0116] Upon receiving the AMP Poll frame (ECW = 3) , each of the three AMP non-AP STAs that qualify to participate in the random access session (e.g., if the Network ID carried in the AMP Poll frame matches the Network ID programmed in the tags) each randomly picks a slot_counter (SC) in the range [0, 7] . AMP non-AP STA-1 picks a SC = 1, AMP non-AP STA-2 picks a SC = 2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 picks a SC = 3. AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-3 proceed to transmit their response frames with the requested response type (STA ID and sensor data) in slot 1 and slot 3 respectively while AMP non-AP STA-2 does not possess any sensor data and hence proceed to transmit its response frames with just the STA ID in slot 2.
[0117] Due to the hardware restrictions and the need to lower the power consumption, it is expected that the AMP non-AP STAs will operate at a much lower channel bandwidth (e.g., 4 MHz) compared to traditional 802.11 STAs that operate at channel bandwidths of 20 MHz or multiples of 20 MHz. In addition, the AMP non-AP STAs may not be able to use advanced modulation techniques such as OFDM and hence not able to transmit the legacy 802.11 preamble that is present at the beginning of almost all 802.11 PPDUs. It is also expected that AMP non-AP STAs with active transmitter can achieve clock accuracy of ±1000 parts per million (ppm) while backscattering AMP non-AP STAs’ clock accuracy may range between ±10000 ppm and ±100000 ppm.
[0118] However, AMP Tag’s clock inaccuracy leads to inaccurate determination of slot boundary (e.g., up to several tens of μS assuming ±100000 ppm clock accuracy at the tags) which gets worse with increasing slot index. This may cause collisions between the responses in different slots as illustrated at the end of Slot 1 and beginning of Slot 2. Due to its clock drift, STA-1 starts its transmission a little late causing its transmission in Slot 1 to end a little late. At the same time, due to a slightly faster clock, STA-2 on the other hand starts transmitting even before Slot 2 has started. This leads to STA-1’s transmission causing strong interference to the start of STA-2’s transmission, potentially leading to the failure of reception of both responses at the AMP Reader.
[0119] Due to the high clock inaccuracy of AMP non-AP STAs (±1000 ppm to ±100000 ppm) , they lack the ability to maintain tight timing alignment with the AMP Reader as well as with other AMP non-AP STAs. This means that during the time-slot based random access transmissions as well as during scheduled transmissions, there is a risk of the transmissions of an AMP non-AP STAs colliding with the transmission of another AMP non-AP STA or even with the transmission of an AMP Reader. One method to reduce such potential collisions is to introduce guard intervals or gaps between the slots based on the maximum possible clock drift. For example, in FIG. 3, assuming each time slot is 1ms and considering the worst possible clock drift of ±100000 ppm, the clock inaccuracy will be highest at the start of Slot3, up to 10%of the slot duration, i.e., 100 μS. For simplicity then, a guard interval of 100 μS can be introduced at the start and end of every slot, effectively reducing the available transmission time during a slot to 800 μS. While this could prevent potential collisions, this represents a 20%reduction in air-time efficiency. When guard interval between slots are enabled, the AMP Reader may signal that guard interval is enabled and also the duration of the guard interval in the AMP frame that initiates the slot based transmission (e.g., AMP Poll frame or AMP Request frame as described later) , or a fixed guard interval may be specified in the 802.11bp specification. An AMP tag that receive such an indication incorporates the guard interval when it calculates its transmission time and the maximum transmission duration. For example, when the slot duration is 1000 μS and the guard interval is 100 μS, the transmission start time is 100 μS after each slot boundary and the maximum available transmission duration is 800 μS.
[0120] In addition, due to the fixed sizes of the transmission time-slots, even when there is no transmissions in a time-slot, or transmission of a short AMP frame in a time-slot, the AMP STAs still need to wait for the pre-allocated time-slot duration to proceed to the next time-slot leading to longer time to complete the transmissions.
[0121] Moreover, slots without any response or a short response still take up the fixed slot duration of maximum size as seen in slots 0 and slot 2. Even though there is no response in slot 0 and a short response in slot 2, the AMP Reader is not able to do anything since the AMP tags assumes the slots to start a pre-determined time based on the fixed duration of each slot.
[0122] Therefore, this application provides a communication method, improving the reliability of communication between the AMP reader and tags.
[0123] FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application.
[0124] At step 410, a transmitter detects a response within a first slot.
[0125] At step 420, a transmitter transmits a first synchronization signal to one or more receivers based on a detection result. Correspondingly, one or more receivers receive the first synchronization signal from the transmitter.
[0126] The first synchronization signal indicates an end of the first slot and a start of a second slot following the first signal. In other words, the start of the second slot is indicated (triggered) by a first synchronization signal, rather than based on the receiver’s clock. Therefore, the reliability of the communication can be improved.
[0127] The transmitter may be an AMP reader described in FIG. 2. In some implementations, the term “transmitter” and the term “AMP reader” may be used interchangeably. The one or more receivers may be one or more AMP Tags described in FIG. 2. In some implementations, the term “AMP Tag” and the term “receiver” may be used interchangeably.
[0128] In some implementations, the transmitter may perform broadcast / unicast communication with each of the one or more receivers.
[0129] The first slot may be one of time slots associated with a random access session between the transmitter and one or more receivers. The first slot can be used by a receiver to send a response, so that the transmitter may detect a response within the first slot. The slot duration of the first slot is designed such that the first slot may be long enough for a receiver to transmit a response. The response may carry required information (e.g., its identifier, data, etc. ) .
[0130] Notably, the actual time duration of the first slot may be not equal to the designed slot duration. The actual time duration of the first slot may depend on a detection result within the first slot. The detection result can be divided into the following cases:
[0131] case 1: the detection result is that no response is received within the first slot.
[0132] In this case 1, the (actual) time duration of the first slot may be shorter than or equal to a first threshold.
[0133] The first threshold may be based on the designed slot duration. For example, the first threshold is equal to the designed slot duration. The (actual) time duration of the first slot may be shorter than the designed slot duration. That is, the transmitter may transmit a first synchronization signal to end the first slot earlier, improving time resource utilization.
[0134] Notably, a threshold (e.g., the first threshold, or other involved thresholds hereinafter) may be pre-defined or pre-configured. For example, the threshold may be predefined in standard; or derived from related code, table, function, text, string or a combination thereof. This is not limited to this application.
[0135] In some implementations, the (actual) time duration may be equal to a waiting duration threshold. For example, when the first slot starts, the transmitter does not detect a response after the waiting duration threshold, and the transmitter can determine that no response is received within the first slot.
[0136] case 2: detecting the response within the first slot, includes: receiving a first response within the first slot, where time duration of the first slot is determined based time duration of the first response.
[0137] Based on time duration of the first response, the first response may be divided into two types of response: a short response and a regular response. For example, when the time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to a second threshold, the first response may be referred to as a short response; conversely, the first response may be referred to as a regular response.
[0138] In some implementations, the second threshold is smaller than or equal to the first threshold. For example, the second threshold may be equal to 50%of the first threshold. As aforementioned, the first threshold may be equal to a designed slot duration, and the designed slot duration may be designed based on assumed response length. For example, the designed slot duration is expected to enable a receiver to send a first response including an identifier (ID) and data. When the first response includes the ID and data, the first response may be a regular response; when the first response includes the ID and no data, the first response may be a short response.
[0139] In some implementations, when the first response is a short response (i.e., the time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to the second threshold) , the time duration of the first slot is shorter than or equal to the first threshold. For example, the transmitter detects (receives) the first response and finds that it ended earlier, so that the transmitter may send a first synchronization signal to end the first slot earlier. The usage of a time resource can be improved.
[0140] The first synchronization signal further indicates a start of a second slot following the first synchronization signal. Notably, the start of the second slot may closely or not closely follow the first synchronization signal. This is depended on a structure of the first synchronization signal.
[0141] The first synchronization signal can be designed in a variety of ways.
[0142] In a first implementation, the first synchronization signal may carry a first part of a first PPDU. The first part indicates a start of the second slot following the first part. For ease of description, without limitation, the first part may be referred to as slot SYNC.
[0143] In some examples of the first implementation, the first synchronization signal (e.g., the first part) may carry a synchronization sequence, and the synchronization sequence indicates the end of the first slot and the start of the second slot following the synchronization sequence.
[0144] For example, the synchronization sequence may be a fixed bit-sequence to distinguishing other signals (e.g., carrier signal, command signal and others) . In other words, the synchronization signal may be a unique sequence that unambiguously indicates the star of second slot. As an example, the synchronization sequence is on-off key (OKK) modulated. This modulation method can reduce the decoding complexity for the one or more receivers.
[0145] In some instances, the first part (slot SYNC) carries only a synchronization sequence. When one or more receivers receive the synchronization sequence, they may determine that the start boundary of the second slot is at the end of the synchronization sequence. The first part carrying only a synchronization sequence has a simple structure and occupies few resources to maintain time synchronization. In some instances, The AMP SYNC may be used as the slot SYNC. The AMP SYNC is a unique bit sequence that is pre-programmed in the AMP tags and allow the tags to detect the start of an AMP signal and synchronize with it.
[0146] In some others instances, the first part (slot SYNC) carries a synchronization sequence and related information. For example, the first part may include a first field and a second field, the first field indicates a type of identifier carried in the second field, and the identifier carried in the second field comprises one or more of: an identifier of the second slot, an identifier of a transmitter that transmits the first signal, and an identifier of a receiver associated with the second slot.
[0147] Notably, a receiver associated with the second slot is a receiver (e.g., AMP tag) that can send a response in the second slot. For example, when multiple receivers receive the slot SYNC, the receiver indicated by the slot SYNC may send its response.
[0148] Referring to FIG. 5, as an example, FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first part (slot SYNC) according to the first implementation of this application. The slot SYNC may include a fixed field, which carries a synchronization sequence (illustrated as Header sequence in FIG. 5) . The fixed field may occupy 3 bits. The slot SYNC may further include a first field (e.g., control field) and a second field (e.g., variable field) . For example, the control field may carry a 2-bit ID Type field that indicates the type of information carried in the ID field. The variable field may carry a 6-bit ID field with the ID information as indicated by the ID Type field. The size of each field is given here (and other fields hereinafter) merely as an example and is not meant to be restrictive. For example, the ID field can be 16 bits when used to carry a STA ID of Transmitter ID.
[0149] For example, when the ID Type field is set to 0, the ID field carry a Slot ID (i.e., ID of the second slot) ; when the ID Type set to 1, the ID field carry a Transmitter ID; when the ID Type field is set to 2, the ID field carry a STA ID (i.e., ID of the receiver associated with the second slot) ; when the ID Type field is set to 3, the ID field carry UHF RDIF command. This is not limited to this application.
[0150] Notably, the ID field allows the receivers (e.g., AMP tags) to obtain more relevant information regarding the slots, e.g., Slot ID indicates the index of the slot that starts after the Slot SYNC. If the ID field carries a Transmitter ID, it may be set as the AMP ID of the AMP Reader and allows AMP Tags to avoid confusion with the Slot SYNC transmitted by unknown AMP Reader. On the other hand, the ID field may also be set as the target AMP tag’s STA ID to enable the AMP Reader to schedule a particular AMP tag to transmit in a specified slot.
[0151] Still referring to the first implementations, in some instances, a first PPDU includes multiple sequences that comprise the synchronization sequence, and each of the multiple sequences indicates a start of a slot following the corresponding sequence. For example, the first PPDU may include multiple first parts (slot SYNCs) , and each slot SYNC indicates a start of slot.
[0152] Referring to FIG. 6, as an example, FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of transmission of the slot SYNC according to the first implementation of this application. For example, when the transmitter (illustrated as an AMP reader) obtains a TXOP, it may transmit a CTS-to-Self frame to protect the TXOP. After a short interframe space (SIFS) frame, the AMP reader may transmit an AMP DL PPDU comprising a preamble (e.g., legacy 802.11 preamble) and a subsequent carrier signal (CS) as well as AMP control signals interspersed with the CS. The CS provide energy to enable the AMP tags (illustrated as AMP Tag-1, AMP Tag-2 and AMP Tag-3) to receive the subsequent first PPDU. The AMP reader then transmits two AMP modulated fields (AMP SYNC and AMP SIG) , which enable the AMP tags to synchronize and decode the AMP control signal (e.g., the AMP Poll frame) . Subsequently, the AMP transmits an AMP poll frame to start the random access session and request the AMP tags to transmit their IDs and any sensor data if available. At each slot boundary except the start of the first slot, the AMP Reader transmits a slot SYNC to signal the start of a slot. If there is no response or only a short response from the AMP Tag in any of the slots, the AMP Reader can shorten the slot duration by transmitting the Slot SYNC early. For example, there is no response in slot 0, the AMP reader determines to transmit a slot SYNC earlier than originally scheduled to start the next slot (i.e., slot 1) earlier. An AMP tag, upon receiving the Slot SYNC will be made aware that a new slot has started, for example upon receiving the slot SYNC in the middle of slot 0, all three AMP tags become aware that slot 1 has started. In slot 1, the AMP Tag-1 transmits its response carrying its ID (STA-1 ID) and data to the AMP reader. Subsequently, the AMP reader transmits the slot SYNC to indicate the start of the slot 2. In slot 2, the AMP Tag-2 transmits its response carrying its ID (STA-2 ID) , where the response occupies a short time duration. The AMP may transmit another slot SYNC to indicate the start of the slot 3. The AMP Tags can use the Slot SYNC to synchronize to slot boundary and to increment its slot index.
[0153] Notably, the first PPDU may carry multiple synchronization sequences as well as the carrier signals. The air-time resource utilization can be improved.
[0154] Alternatively, when the AMP reader and AMP tags support the GS1 UHF RFID protocol, instead of the AMP Poll frame, the AMP reader may transmit an encapsulated UHF RFID Query command to initiate the random access and each of the Slot SYNC carry an UHF RFID QueryRep command which are used by the AMP tags to decrement their slot counters. In this case the Slot SYNC ID Type is set as 2 and the ID field carries 2 bits command ID (b00 = QueryRep) and another 2 bits that represents the UHF RFID Session while each of the AMP Tag responds an RN16 i.e., a randomly generated 16-bits number.
[0155] In a second implementation, the first synchronization signal carries a second PPDU, and the second PPDU indicates the start of the second slot following the second PPDU.
[0156] Notably, instead of the first synchronization signal carrying a first part of a first PPDU to indicate the start of the second slot, a single second PPDU could indicate the start of the second slot. This enables the time slot alignment more flexible.
[0157] The second PPDU used for indicating the start of the second slot is a short PPDU compared to a regular PPDU, because the second PPDU does not need to carry data field. In some instances, the second PPDU may include a third field, and the third field indicates that no data field is included in the second PPDU. Thereby, when the receivers receive the second PPDU, they could know that a new slot is triggered. In some instances, without limitation, the third field may be also named as NDP indication field.
[0158] Referring to FIG. 7, as an example, FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a second PPDU according to the second implementation of this application. For ease of understanding, without limitation, the second PPDU is referred to as an AMP NDP PPDU in the FIG. 7.
[0159] The AMP NDP PPDU may be a variant of an AMP Control only PPDU without any data field. For example, the AMP NDP PPDU includes a legacy 802.11 preamble field and two AMP modulated fields (AMP SYNC and AMP SIG) . Notably, the AMP SIG may be also named as a second part in this application.
[0160] In some instances, the legacy 802.11 preamble part may carry a legacy short training field (L-STF) , Long Legacy Training Field (L-LTF) , Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG) , BPSK-Mark1 and BPSK-Mark2. Notably, the legacy 802.11 preamble is only for illustrative purpose, this application does not exclude other possible preambles (e.g., a preamble defined in future standard) .
[0161] In some instances, the AMP SYNC may be a unique bit sequence that is pre-programmed in the AMP tags and allow the tags to detect the start of an AMP signal and synchronize with it.
[0162] In some instances, the AMP SIG may include a version number field, a third field (e.g., illustrated as an NDP indication field) , a fourth field (e.g., illustrated as an AMP NDP PPDU Body field) and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field. The version number field (e.g., 2 bits) may carry information related to the version of the AMP NDP PPDU. The NDP indication field (e.g., 1 bit) indicates that no data field is included in the AMP NDP PPDU. For example, when the NDP indication field is set as 1, the AMP NDP PPD does not carry any data field; when the NDP indication field is set as 0, the AMP NDP PPDU may be a regular PPDU that carries the data field.
[0163] For example, the AMP NDP PPDU Body field (e.g., 19 bits) may include a first subfield (e.g., illustrated as an AMP NDP PPDU Type field) and a second subfield (e.g., illustrated as a Type Dependent payload field) . The first subfield indicates a type of identifier carried in the second subfield, the identifier carried in the second subfield comprises one or more of: an identify of a session associated with the second slot, an identifier of the second slot, and an identifier of a receiver associated with the second slot. For example, two variants of the AMP NDP PPDU body are defined and indicated by the AMP NDP PPDU Type field as seen in the lower left side of FIG. 7. The value of the AMP NDP PPDU Type field determines the format of the AMP NDP PPDU Body field as seen in the lower right side of FIG. 7. The AMP NDP PPDU Type 0 is used to carry the Session ID and Slot ID fields. The Session ID carries the ID of a recent session, e.g., an ongoing or a recently completed random access session while the Slot ID field indicates the index of the second slot that starts after the AMP NDP PPDU. The AMP NDP PPDU Type 1 is used to carry a target AMP tag’s STA ID (i.e., the receiver ID associated with the second slot) to enable the AMP Reader to schedule a particular AMP tag to transmit in a specified slot.
[0164] Notably, the AMP NDP PPDU Type 0 and AMP NDP PPDU Type 1 are only for illustrative purpose. This is not limited to this application, the AMP NDP PPDU may carry the session ID, slot ID, receiver ID and transmitter ID alone or in a combination. For example, when the AMP NDP PPDU Type is set as 3, the Type dependent payload field carry UHF RFID command.
[0165] For example, the CRC field may be used to verify the integrity of data transmission.
[0166] Still referring to the AMP SIG (i.e., the second part) , in some other instances, the second part may include a fifth field, and the fifth field indicates that the second PPDU is used to indicate the start of the second slot. When the AMP SIG has limited number of bits, is not sufficiently large to carry additional ID fields, it may not carry additional ID fields. Instead, when the NDP Indication field is set to one to indicate an AMP NDP PPDU (without data field) , the AMP SIG field carrying a fifth field that indicates its usage is illustrated in FIG. 8.
[0167] Referring to FIG. 8, as an example, FIG. 8 illustrates another schematic diagram of a second part of the second PPDU according to the second implementation of this application. For example, the AMP SIG includes the third field (e.g., illustrated as 1-bit NDP indication field) , a fifth field (e.g., illustrated as X-bit NDP bitmap field, X is an integer) and 2-bit CRC field. In some instances, the NDP Bitmap may carry a Slot SYNC bit (it may also have different names) which when set to one indicates that the AMP NDP PPDU is used to indicate slot boundary (i.e., the end of the first slot and the start of the second slot) .
[0168] In a third implementation, still referring to a design of the first synchronization signal, the first synchronization signal may carry a part of third PPDU, the third PPDU may further include a carrier signal. The third PPDU indicates that the start of the second slot starting from a start of the carrier signal. The carrier signal is used for providing power for backscattering of a response within the second slot.
[0169] Notably, when in the second implementation, the second slot starts from the end of the second PPDU. But in the third implementation, the third PPDU further includes a carrier signal, the second slot starts from the start of the second PPDU.
[0170] In some instances, the third PPDU may be a variant of the second PPDU described above plus the carrier signal. In some instances, without limitation, the third PPDU may be named as an AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU or simply as AMP DL PPDU.
[0171] Referring to FIG. 9, as an example, FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a third PPDU according to the third implementation of this application. For example, the AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU includes a legacy 802.11 preamble field, an AMP SYNC field, AMP SIG field and a carrier signal. The structure of preamble field, the AMP SYNC field and the AMP SIG field may be referred to the description in the second implementation, and are omitted here.
[0172] Referring to FIG. 10, as an example, FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of transmission of the third PPDU according to this application. In a random access phase, at the start of each slot except the first slot, the AMP Reader transmits a third PPDU (AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU) to signal the start of a slot. If there is no response from the AMP Tag (e.g., in slot 0 and slot 2) , the AMP Reader can shorten the slot duration by transmitting the AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU early. The Session ID field in the AMP SIG (NDP) identifies the random access session while the Slot ID field identifies the index of the slot that starts after the AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU. AMP Tags use the AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU to synchronize to the slot boundary and to increment its slot index.
[0173] Alternatively, when the AMP reader and the AMP tags support the GS1 UHF RFID protocol, during the random access phase, instead of the AMP Poll frame, the AMP reader may transmit an encapsulated UHF RFID Query command to initiate the random access and each of the subsequent AMP SIG (NDP) functions as an UHF RFID QueryRep command which are used by the AMP tags to decrement their slot counters. In this case the AMP SIG (NDP) field indicates the AMP NDP PPDU Type 3 and the Type dependent payload carries 2 bits command ID (b00 = QueryRep) and another 2 bits that represents the UHF RFID Session while each of the AMP Tag responds an RN16 i.e., a randomly generated 16-bits number.
[0174] Similarly, the Scheduled transmission phase is also illustrated in FIG. 10, the AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU (AMP NDP PPDU Type 0) is used to indicate slot boundaries and to shorten the slot duration when there is a short response from AMP Tag-1. During the scheduled transmission phase, the Session ID field in the AMP SIG (NDP) identifies the recently completed random access session such that only AMP Tag-1 and AMP Tag-3 that participated in the random access phase need to respond to the AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU. More details of the scheduled transmission will be given later. Alternatively, when the AMP reader and the AMP tags support the GS1 UHF RFID protocol, during the Scheduled transmission phase, the AMP SIG (NDP) may be used to represent the UHF RFID ACK command. In this case the AMP SIG (NDP) field indicates the AMP NDP PPDU Type 3 and the Type dependent payload carries 2 bits command ID (b01 = ACK) and another 16 bits that represents the RN16 of the AMP Tag that responded in the random access phase. The AMP tag with the matching RN16 responds with a suitable response, e.g., EPC or TID etc.
[0175] Notably, although not illustrated, the transmission of the second PPDU according to the second implementation may be similar to the illustration in FIG. 10, except that the second PPDU does not carry a carrier signal. The carrier signal in the second implementation may be provided in an independent signal or be provided by another device (e.g., a carrier source device) or the carrier signal may not be required, for example in the case of active AMP non-AP STAs. This is not limited to this application.
[0176] In a fourth implementation, still referring to a design of the first synchronization signal, the first synchronization signal carries a media access control (MAC) frame that indicates the start of the second slot following the MAC frame.
[0177] Notably, the MAC frame used for indicating the start of the second slot is a short MAC frame compared to a regular MAC frame. In some instances, without limitation, the MAC frame may be named as an AMP Short frame.
[0178] Referring to FIG. 11, as an example, FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic of a MAC frame according to a fourth implementation of this application. The MAC frame (AMP Short frame) may include a MAC header field, a frame body field, and a FCS field. The MAC header field may include a Frame Control field. The Frame Control field may include a Frame Type field that indicates the type of the AMP Short frame; a Transmitter ID present field that indicates whether a Transmitter ID field is further included in the MAC Header field; a Receiver ID Present field that indicates whether a Receiver ID Present field is further included in the MAC Header field of the AMP short frame; a Session ID present field that indicates whether a Session ID present field is further included in the Frame Body field of the AMP short frame and a Slot ID present field that whether a Slot ID present field is further included in the Frame Body field of the AMP short field.
[0179] The Session ID when present is set as the same as a relevant Session ID and the Slot ID field is optionally present and indicates the index of the second slot that starts at the end of the AMP Short frame. For mono-static backscattering, in the simplest form the AMP Short frame is composes of the Frame Control field and the FCS (total 24 bits) and all optional fields are omitted.
[0180] Referring to FIG. 12, as an example, FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of transmission of the AMP short frame according to a fourth implementation of this application. The example is similar to the one in FIG. 10 except that the AMP Short frames are used instead of the AMP NDP + Energizer PPDUs to indicate the start of a slot. If there is no response or a short response from the AMP Tag in any of the slots (either during random access or during schedule transmission) , the AMP Reader can shorten the slot duration by transmitting an AMP Short frame. An AMP STA that receives the AMP Short frame synchronizes to the new slot boundary and slot index. In the example in FIG. 12, during the random access session, none of the AMP Tags respond in slot 0 and slot 2 and hence the AMP Reader shortens the slots by transmitting the AMP Short frame early. Similarly, during the scheduled transmission phase, AMP Tag-1 does not respond in its scheduled slot (slot 0) and hence the AMP Reader shortens the slot by transmitting the AMP Short frame. If there is time left at the end of the TXOP, the AMP Reader may dynamically allocate another slot (slot 2) to the AMP Tag-1 to allow it one more chance to transmit its response by transmitting an AMP Short frame carrying the STA ID of the AMP Tag-1 in the Receiver ID field.
[0181] A variety of implementations of the first synchronization signal have been given above. Notably, the above implementations can be implemented alone or in a combination. This application does not exclude possible deformations and recombination of fields. As an example, FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic diagram of transmission of a combination of AMP SYNC, AMP SIG and AMP Short frame according to an implementation of this application.
[0182] Referring to FIG. 13, as an example, the example is similar to the one in FIG. 6 except that a combination of AMP SYNC, AMP SIG and AMP Short frame are used instead of the first part (slot SYNC) to indicate the start of a slot. Multiple combinations are included in a single PPDU. The single PPDU may be called an AMP DL PPDU. Details of this implementation can be found in the first implementation and the second implementation and are omitted here. Other possible implementations about the design of the first synchronization signal are omitted here. Alternatively, in the examples in either FIG. 12 or FIG. 13, when the AMP reader and the AMP tags support the GS1 UHF RFID protocol, during the random access phase, instead of the AMP Poll frame, the AMP reader may transmit a UHF RFID Query command to initiate the random access and each of the subsequent AMP Short frame functions as a UHF RFID QueryRep command which are used by the AMP tags to decrement their slot counters. In this case instead of the Session ID field and the Slot ID fields, in the Frame Body field the AMP Short frame carries 2 bits command ID (b00 = QueryRep) and another 2 bits that represents the UHF RFID Session while each of the AMP Tag responds an RN16 i.e., a randomly generated 16-bits number. Similarly, in the scheduled access phase, the AMP Short frame may be used to represent the UHF RFID ACK command. In this case the AMP Short frame carries 2 bits command ID (b01 = ACK) and another 16 bits that represents the RN16 of the AMP Tag that responded in the random access phase. The AMP tag with the matching RN16 responds with a suitable response, e.g., EPC or TID etc.
[0183] Still referring to the step 420, where the transmitter transmits a first synchronization signal based on a detection result. In some implementations, the first synchronization signal may be transmitted when no response is received within the first slot or the first response received within the first slot is a short response (i.e., the time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to a second threshold) .
[0184] Referring to FIG. 14, as an example, FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic diagram of response-based transmission according to an implementation of this application. In this example, the AMP NDP PPDU (as illustrated in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8) is taken as an example. The AMP NDP PPDU (AMP NDP PPDU Type 0) is used to indicate slot boundaries and all AMP non-AP STAs are active transmitters. Since the clock accuracy of active transmitter AMP non-AP STAs may be within ±1000 ppm, the clock drift at each slot boundary is not expected to be very big and hence it may be not necessary to transmit an AMP NDP PPDU at every slot boundary. Instead, the AMP NDP PPDU is transmitted only when it is necessary to shorten the slot durations due to a no response or short response events, for example as shown in slot 2 in both the random access phase as well as the scheduled transmission phase in FIG. 14. In this example, in the scheduled transmission phase, AMP Tag-3 is scheduled to transmit in the third slot (slot 2) but it fails to do so and upon detecting a no response event at the start of slot 2, the AMP Reader transmit an AMP NDP PPDU early to signal the early start of slot 3. Upon receiving the AMP NDP PPDU AMP Tag-4 will know that slot 4 has started and transmits its response.
[0185] Referring to FIG. 15, as another example, FIG. 15 illustrates another schematic diagram of scheduled transmissions for active transmitter AMP non-AP STAs according to an implementation of this application. In this example, the AMP Short frame (as illustrated in FIG. 11) is taken as an example. Similarly, responses within slot 0 and slot 1 are not short responses, so the start of the slot 1 and slot 2 may be based on the receivers’ clock. There is no response within slot 2, so that the start of the slot 3 is triggered by an AMP Short frame.
[0186] In some implementations, after a random access session, the transmitter may allocate one or more slots to one or more receivers, which may be referred to as a scheduled transmission period. Notably, although the first synchronization signal is mainly described as for a random access session transmission as an example, the first synchronization signal may also be for scheduled transmission. In other words, the slot trigger mechanism can be applied to the APM random access session, or AMP scheduled transmission or a combination thereof. Details about the scheduled transmission are further given below. In other words, the transmitter and the receiver (s) may further perform step 430.
[0187] Optionally, at step 430, the transmitter transmits a first request frame to one or more receivers. Correspondingly, the one or more receivers receive the first request frame from the transmitters.
[0188] In some implementations, the first request frame indicates one or more of: at least one third slot and at least one receiver, the at least one third slot is allocated to the at least one receiver. The receiver can allocate at least one third slot to the at least one receiver by the first request frame. In some instances, without limitation, the first request frame may be also named as an AMP request frame for scheduled transmission.
[0189] The first request frame may be designed in a variety of ways. In some implementations, the first request frame may indicate the at least one third slot explicitly. For example, the first request frame may include index of the at least one third slot, so that the receiver (s) may determine the available slot (s) based on indicated index. In some other implementations, the first request frame may indicate the at least one third slot implicitly, and the receiver (s) may determine the at least one third slot based on other information in the first request frame and / or information known to the receiver (s) . For example, the first request frame includes a session ID and first STA ID (the ID of the receive scheduled to response in the first slot of the at least one third slot) , the receiver (s) may determine the at least one third slot and the association relationship between the third slot (s) and the receiver (s) based on the session ID and the first STA ID. Notably, the subsequent STA ID (receiver ID) may be indicated by a subsequent second synchronization signal that triggers the start of the corresponding third slot. This is not limited to this application.
[0190] In some implementations, the first request frame includes a sixth field, and the sixth field indicates that a start of each third slot is indicated by a second synchronization signal. In other words, in scheduled transmission period, the start of the third slot could be triggered by the second synchronization signal. The design of the second synchronization signal may be similar to the design of the first synchronization signal. Details can be found in description in step 420 and are omitted here. In some instances, without limitation, the sixth field may be also named as a Slot Transmitted field.
[0191] In some implementations, the first request frame includes a seventh field, and the seventh field indicates that a start of a third slot is indicated by a second synchronization signal when no response or a second response is received within the corresponding third slot, and time duration of the second response is shorter than or equal to a third threshold. In other words, the second synchronization signal may be transmitted when no response is received within the corresponding third slot or the second response received within the third slot is a short response (i.e., the second response is shorter than or equal to the third threshold) . In some instances, without limitation, the seventh field may be also referred to as a Dynamic Slot field.
[0192] Notably, the criteria for short response in random access session and in scheduled transmission may be the same or different, that is, the second threshold and the third threshold may be the same or different. This is not limited to this application.
[0193] Referring to FIG. 16, as an example, FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of the first request frame according to an implementation of this application.
[0194] The first request frame (e.g., AMP Request frame) used for scheduled transmission is illustrated in Figure 10C. In order to assist the AMP non-AP STAs to understand whether the AMP Reader will transmit a PPDU (e.g., the AMP NDP PPDU) at the start of a slot, or it may shorten the duration of a slot when there is no response or a short response, the AMP Request frame transmitted by the AMP Reader includes the Slot Sync Info field. When used for slot based scheduled transmission, the AMP Request frame carries the Slot Information field and its presence is indicated by the Slot Info Present field in the Short Sub-type Control field. The Response Type field in the Response Control field contains a bitmap to indicate the type of response that is solicited e.g., Tag ID (TID) , Available Energy, Payload Size, Energy Storage capacity, Data etc. The Number of Slots field in the Slot Control field indicates the number of time-slots assigned for scheduled transmission. The Assignment Type field indicates the assignment scheme used. In this example, it is set as 0 i.e., STA ID List based assignment. The Slot Duration field indicates the duration of each time-slot in units of 4 μS. The field can be omitted if the slot duration is fixed or can be deduced e.g., based on the solicited Response Type. The STA ID List field in the Slot Assignment field carries a list of STA IDs assigned to the slots in ascending order starting with the first slot, i.e., the first STA ID in the list is assigned to the first slot (slot 0) , the second STA ID in the list is assigned to the second slot (slot 1) and so on. An example of the Slot Information field used for the example in FIG. 16 can be seen at the bottom of FIG. 16. Two slots, each 512 μS long are assigned to STA-1 (in slot 0) and STA-3 (in slot 1) .
[0195] Upon receiving the AMP Request frame, since AMP non-AP STA-1 finds itself assigned to the first time-slot in the Slot Assignment field, it transmits its response in the slot 0 while AMP non-AP STA-3 finds itself assigned to the second time-slot in the Slot Assignment field and it transmits its response in the slot 1. Since the AMP Response in slot 0 happens to be considerably shorter than the allocated slot duration, the AMP Reader shortens the slot by transmitting an AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU early. In this example, the Slot SYNC Transmitted field and the Dynamic Slot field in the AMP Poll frame and the AMP Request frame are set as 1 and 1 respectively to indicate that the AMP Reader transmits a PPDU at the start of every slot, and it may shorten a slot if there is no response or a short response in a slot by transmitting a PPDU.
[0196] Referring to FIG. 17, as an example, FIG. 17 illustrates another schematic diagram of the first request frame according to an implementation of this application. The first request frame (e.g., AMP Request frame) illustrated in FIG. 17 (instead of the AMP Request frame in FIG. 16) may be used for the non-time slot transmissions during the scheduled transmission phase. The key difference is that the AMP Request does not carry the Slot Assignment Information field but instead directly carries the Session ID field and the First STA ID field that indicates the recently completed random access session and the STA ID of the AMP Tag scheduled to transmit in the first slot respectively.
[0197] In some implementations, as aforementioned, at the start of a random access session, the transmitter may send an AMP poll frame that indicates the random access session. That is, before step 410, the transmitter and the one or more receivers may perform the step 440.
[0198] Optionally, at step 440, the transmitter transmits a second request frame to one or more receivers. Correspondingly, the one or more receivers receive the second request frame from the transmitters.
[0199] The second request frame may indicate a random access session, and the random access session is associated with the first slot and the second slot. In some instances, without limitation, the second request frame may be also named as an AMP poll frame.
[0200] In some implementations, the second request frame may include an eighth field, and the eighth field indicates that the start of the second slot is indicated by the first synchronization signal. In some instances, without limitation, the eighth field may be also named as a Slot SYNC Transmitted field.
[0201] In some implementations, the second request frame comprises a ninth field, and the ninth field indicates that the start of the second slot is indicated by the first synchronization signal when no response or a first response is received within the first slot, and time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to a second threshold. In some instances, without limitation, the ninth field may be also referred to as a Dynamic Slot field.
[0202] Referring to FIG. 18, as an example, FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic diagram of the second request frame according to an implementation of this application. The second request frame (e.g., the AMP Poll frame) may carry Sub-Type field, Short Sub-type Control field and Type Dependent Payload field.
[0203] In some instances, the Short Sub-type Control field may include Random Access Type and Session ID Present field, ECW and Backoff Slot Limit Present field, Response Control Present field, Slot Info Present field, Bi-static Backscattering Info Present field and Reserved field.
[0204] In some instances, the Type Dependent Payload field may include Random Access Type and Session ID when its corresponding present field indicates that it presents, ECW and Backoff Slot Limit Present field when its corresponding present field indicates that it presents, Response Control field when its corresponding present field indicates that it presents, Slot Information field when its corresponding present field indicates that it presents, and Bi-static Backscattering Info field when its corresponding present field indicates that it presents.
[0205] In some instances, the Response Control field may include a Response Type field and a Reserved field. The Slot Information field may include Slot Control field, Slot Duration field and Slots Range field. The Bi-static Backscattering Info field may include Carrier Source ID field.
[0206] In some instances, the Slot Control field may include a Slot Duration Present field, Slots Range Present field, Slot Sync Info field and Reserved field. In some instances, the Slot Sync Info field may include a Slot SYNC Transmitted field and a Dynamic Slot field.
[0207] In some implementations, an AMP NDP + Energize PPDU is transmitted at the boundary of every slot, it is also possible that the AMP non-AP STAs do not even need to keep track of slots explicitly, both in the random access phase as well as during the scheduled transmission phase. The non-time slot version of the random access and the scheduled transmission is exactly the same as the time-slotted version, just that there is no explicit use of time-slots and the timing for the transmission is entirely control by the transmission of the AMP NDP + Energize PPDUs as illustrated in FIG. 19.
[0208] Referring to FIG. 19, in the non-time slot version, the AMP tags decrement the slot_counter every time an AMP SIG (NDP) is received and transmits when an AMP SIG (NDP) is received and its slot_counter is equal to zero. AMP tags may still maintain a copy of their original slot_counter to enable selective retransmission based on the original slot_counter.
[0209] After receiving AMP Tag-1’s response, the AMP Reader transmits an AMP NDP + Energizer PPDU (AMP NDP PPDU Type 1) carrying the STA ID of AMP Tag-3 to trigger it to transmit its response. Upon receiving the AMP NDP +Energizer PPDU, since it finds it’s STA ID in the Slot Info field, it backscatters its response in the carrier signal that follows the PPDU.
[0210] Yet another example random access session followed by a scheduled transmission is illustrated in FIG. 20. The example is same as that in FIG. 19 except that instead of being transmitted as separate PPDUs, the AMP SIG (NDP) fields are carried in the same PPDU (e.g., in an AMP DL PPDU) that starts either the random access session or the scheduled transmission.
[0211] According to the technical solution, the start of the second slot is indicated (triggered) by a first synchronization signal, rather than based on the receiver’s clock. Therefore, the reliability of the communication can be improved.
[0212] The methods according to embodiments of this application are described above in detail with reference to FIGs. 4-20. The apparatuses provided in embodiments of this application are described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 21-22. The description of apparatus embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, refer to the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0213] Referring to FIG. 21, a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication apparatus 10 includes a transceiver unit 11 and a processing unit 12. The transceiver unit 11 may implement a corresponding communication function, and the processing unit 11 is configured to perform data processing. The transceiver unit 11 may also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit.
[0214] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 10 may further include a storage unit. The storage unit may be configured to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 12 may read instructions and / or data in the storage unit, to enable the communication apparatus to implement the foregoing method embodiments.
[0215] The communication apparatus 10 may be configured to perform actions performed by the transmitter in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 10 may be the transmitter or a component that can be configured in the transmitter. The transceiver unit 11 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the transmitter side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 12 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the transmitter side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0216] The communication apparatus 10 may implement steps or procedures performed by the transmitter in FIGS. 4-20 according to embodiments of this application. The communication apparatus 10 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the transmitter in FIGS. 4-20. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 10 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 4-20.
[0217] Alternatively, the communication apparatus 10 may be configured to perform actions performed by the receiver in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 10 may be the receiver or a component that can be configured in the receiver. The transceiver unit 11 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the receiver side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 12 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the receiver side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0218] The communication apparatus 10 may implement steps or procedures performed by the receiver in FIGS. 4-20 according to embodiments of this application. The communication apparatus 10 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the receiver in FIGS. 4-20. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 10 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 4-20.
[0219] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0220] Referring to FIG. 22, a schematic block diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication apparatus 20 includes a processor 21. The processor 21 is coupled to a memory 22. The memory 22 is configured to store a computer program or instructions and / or data. The processor 21 is configured to execute the computer program or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 22, so that the methods in the foregoing method embodiments are executed.
[0221] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 20 includes one or more processors 21.
[0222] In an example, as shown in FIG. 22, the communication apparatus 20 may further include the memory 22.
[0223] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 20 may include one or more memories 22.
[0224] In an example, the memory 22 may be integrated with the processor 21, or disposed separately from the processor 21.
[0225] In an example, as shown in FIG. 22, the communication apparatus 20 may further include a transceiver 23, where the transceiver 23 is configured to receive and / or transmit a signal. For example, the processor 21 may be configured to control the transceiver 23 to receive and / or transmit a signal.
[0226] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 20 may be a transmitter or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the transmitter; or the communication apparatus 20 may be a receiver or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the receiver.
[0227] In a solution, the communication apparatus 20 is configured to perform the operations performed by the transmitter in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0228] For example, the processor 21 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the transmitter in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 23 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the transmitter in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0229] In another solution, the communication apparatus 20 is configured to perform the operations performed by the receiver in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0230] For example, the processor 21 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the receiver in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 23 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the receiver in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0231] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by the transmitter or the method performed by the receiver in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0232] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by the transmitter or the method performed by the receiver in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0233] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method performed by the transmitter or the method performed by the receiver in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0234] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the transmitter and the receiver in the foregoing embodiments.
[0235] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method embodiment provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0236] The processor mentioned in embodiments of this application may be a central processing unit (CPU) . The processor may further be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , or another programmable logic device, a discrete gate, a transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, or the like. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
[0237] The memory mentioned in embodiments of this application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM) , a programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM) , an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) , or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM) . For example, the RAM may be used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, the RAM may include a plurality of forms such as the following: a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM) , a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM) , an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM) , a synchlink dynamic random access memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) , and a direct rambus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DR RAM) .
[0238] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, another programmable logic device, a discrete gate or a transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) may be integrated into the processor.
[0239] It should be further noted that the memory described in this specification is intended to include, but is not limited to, these memories and any other memory of a suitable type.
[0240] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0241] It should be noted that the term “receive” or “receiving” used herein may refer to receiving or otherwise obtaining from an element / component in same apparatus or from another device separate from the apparatus. Similarly, the term “transmit” or “transmitting” may refer to outputting or sending to / for an element / component in same apparatus or to / for another device separate from the apparatus. For example, any of the methods / procedures described herein may be performed by a chipset, in which case any sending or receiving steps may occur between elements of the chipset.
[0242] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment. Details are not described herein again.
[0243] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, division into the units is merely logical function division and may be other division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic forms, mechanical forms, or other forms.
[0244] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the solutions provided in this application.
[0245] In addition, function units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0246] All or some of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When the software is used to implement embodiments, all or a part of embodiments may be implemented in a form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the procedures or functions according to embodiments of this application are all or partially generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or another programmable apparatus. For example, the computer may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or may be transmitted from a computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center in a wired (for example, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber, or a digital subscriber line (DSL) ) or wireless (for example, infrared, radio, and microwave, or the like) manner. The computer-readable storage medium may be any usable medium accessible by the computer, or a data storage device, for example, a server or a data center, integrating one or more usable media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape) , an optical medium (for example, a DVD) , a semiconductor medium (for example, an SSD) , or the like. For example, the usable medium may include but is not limited to any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.
[0247] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0248] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0249] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:detecting a response within a first slot;transmitting a first synchronization signal based on a detection result, wherein the first synchronization signal indicates an end of the first slot and a start of a second slot following the first synchronization signal.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the detection result is that no response is received within the first slot, and time duration of the first slot is shorter than or equal to a first threshold.3.The method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting the response within a first slot, comprises:receiving a first response within the first slot,wherein time duration of the first slot is determined based on time duration of the first response.4.The method according to claim 3, wherein the time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to a second threshold, and time duration of the first slot is shorter than or equal to a first threshold.5.The method according to claim 4, wherein the second threshold is smaller than or equal to the first threshold.6.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a synchronization sequence, and the synchronization sequence indicates the end of the first slot and the start of the second slot following the synchronization sequence.7.The method according to claim 6, wherein the synchronization sequence is on-off key modulated.8.The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a first part of a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) , the first part comprises a first field and a second field, the first field indicates a type of identifier carried in the second field, and the identifier carried in the second field comprises one or more of: an identifier of the second slot, an identifier of a transmitter that transmits the first synchronization signal, and an identifier of a receiver associated with the second slot.9.The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) comprises multiple sequences that comprise the synchronization sequence, and each of the multiple sequences indicates a start of a slot following the corresponding sequence.10.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a second PPDU, and the second PPDU indicates the start of the second slot following the second PPDU.11.The method according to claim 1 to 5, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a part of a third PPDU, the third PPDU further comprises a carrier signal, the third PPDU indicates the start of the second slot starting from a start of the carrier signal, and the carrier signal is used for providing power for backscatter of a response within the second slot.12.The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the second PPDU or the third PPDU comprises a second part, and the second part comprises a third field, and the third field indicates that no data field is included in the second PPDU or the third PPDU.13.The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the second part further comprises a fourth field, the fourth field comprises a first subfield and a second subfield, the first subfield indicates a type of identifier carried in the second subfield, the identifier carried in the second subfield comprises one or more of: an identify of a session associated with the second slot, an identifier of the second slot, and an identifier of a receiver associated with the second slot.14.The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the second part further comprises a fifth field, and the fifth field indicates that the second PPDU or the third PPDU is used to indicate the start of the second slot.15.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a media access control (MAC) frame that indicates the start of the second slot following the MAC frame.16.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting a first request frame, wherein the first request frame indicates one or more of: at least one third slot and at least one receiver, wherein the at least one third slot is allocated to the at least one receiver.17.The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the first request frame comprises a sixth field, and the sixth field indicates that a start of each third slot is indicated by a second synchronization signal.18.The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the first frame comprises a seventh field, and the seventh field indicates that a start of a third slot is indicated by a second synchronization signal when no response or a second response is received within the corresponding third slot, and time duration of the second response is shorter than or equal to a third threshold.19.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting a second request frame, wherein the second request frame indicates a random access session, and the random access session is associated with the first slot and the second slot.20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the second request frame comprises an eighth field, and the eighth field indicates that the start of the second slot is indicated by the first synchronization signal.21.The method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the second request frame comprises a ninth field, and the ninth field indicates that the start of the second slot is indicated by the first synchronization signal when no response or a first response is received within the first slot, and time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to a second threshold.22.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the transmitting the first synchronization signal, comprises:transmitting the first synchronization signal to one or more ambient power devices.23.A communication method, comprising:receiving a first synchronization signal, wherein the first synchronization signal indicates an end of the first slot and a start of a second slot following the first synchronization signal, and the first synchronization signal is based on a detection result within the first slot; anddetermining the start of the second slot.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein the detection result is that no response is received within the first slot, and time duration of the first slot is shorter than or equal to a first threshold.25.The method according to claim 23, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting a first response within the first slot, wherein the detection result is that the first response is received within the first slot, and time duration of the first slot is determined based on time duration of the first response.26.The method according to claim 25, wherein the time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to a second threshold, and time duration of the first slot is shorter than or equal to a first threshold.27.The method according to claim 26, wherein the second threshold is smaller than or equal to the first threshold.28.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a synchronization sequence, and the synchronization sequence indicates the end of the first slot and the start of the second slot following the synchronization sequence.29.The method according to claim 28, wherein the synchronization sequence is on-off key modulated.30.The method according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a first part of a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) , the first part comprises a first field and a second field, the first field indicates a type of identifier carried in the second field, and the identifier carried in the second field comprises one or more of: an identifier of the second slot, an identifier of a transmitter that transmits the first synchronization signal, and an identifier of a receiver associated with the second slot.31.The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) comprises multiple sequences that comprise the synchronization sequence, and each of the multiple sequences indicates a start of a slot following the corresponding sequence.32.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a second PPDU, and the second PPDU indicates the start of the second slot following the second PPDU.33.The method according to claim 23 to 27, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a part of a third PPDU, the third PPDU further comprises a carrier signal, the third PPDU indicates the start of the second slot starting from a start of the carrier signal, and the carrier signal is used for providing power for backscatter of a response within the second slot.34.The method according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the second PPDU or the third PPDU comprises a second part, and the second part comprises a third field, and the third field indicates that no data field is included in the second PPDU or the third PPDU.35.The method according to any one of claims 32 to 34, wherein the second part further comprises a fourth field, the fourth field comprises a first subfield and a second subfield, the first subfield indicates a type of identifier carried in the second subfield, the identifier carried in the second subfield comprises one or more of: an identify of a session associated with the second slot, an identifier of the second slot, and an identifier of a receiver associated with the second slot.36.The method according to any one of claims 32 to 34, wherein the second part further comprises a fifth field, and the fifth field indicates that the second PPDU or the third PPDU is used to indicate the start of the second slot.37.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein the first synchronization signal carries a media access control (MAC) frame that indicates the start of the second slot following the MAC frame.38.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 37, wherein the method further comprises:receiving a first request frame, wherein the first request frame indicates one or more of: at least one third slot and at least one receiver, wherein the at least one third slot is allocated to the at least one receiver.39.The method according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the first request frame comprises a sixth field, and the sixth field indicates that a start of each third slot is indicated by a second synchronization signal.40.The method according to any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the first frame comprises a seventh field, and the seventh field indicates that a start of a third slot is indicated by a second synchronization signal when no response or a second response is received within the corresponding third slot, and time duration of the second response is shorter than or equal to a third threshold.41.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 36, wherein the method further comprises:receiving a second request frame, wherein the second request frame indicates a random access session, and the random access session is associated with the first slot and the second slot.42.The method according to claim 41, wherein the second request frame comprises an eighth field, and the eighth field indicates that the start of the second slot is indicated by the first synchronization signal.43.The method according to claim 41 or 42, wherein the second request frame comprises a ninth field, and the ninth field indicates that the start of the second slot is indicated by the first synchronization signal when no response or a first response is received within the first slot, and time duration of the first response is shorter than or equal to a second threshold.44.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 43, wherein the receiving the first synchronization signal, comprises:receiving the first synchronization signal from an ambient power device.45.A communication method, comprising:transmitting a request frame, wherein the request frame indicates at least one slot and at least one receiver, and the at least one slot is allocated to the at least one receiver;detecting a response within a first slot of the at least one slot;transmitting a synchronization signal based on a detection result, wherein the synchronization signal indicates an end of the first slot and a start of a second slot of the at least one slot following the synchronization signal.46.A communication method, comprising:receiving a request frame, wherein the request frame indicates at least one slot and at least one receiver, and the at least one slot is allocated to the at least one receiver;receiving a synchronization signal, wherein the synchronization signal is based on a detection result within a first slot of the at least one slot, and the synchronization signal indicates an end of the first slot and a start of a second slot of the at least one slot following the synchronization signal.47.An apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises a processor and a memory storing one or more instructions that is capable of being run on the processor, and when the one or more instructions are run, the apparatus is enabled to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method according to any one of claims 23 to 44, or the method according to claim 45 or 46.48.An apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises a function or unit to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method according to any one of claims 23 to 44, or the method according to claim 45 or 46.49.A system for communication, comprising a transmitter and at least one receiver, wherein the transmitter performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, and the receiver performs the method according to any one of claims 23 to 44, or the method according to claim 45 or 46.50.A computer-readable storage medium, comprising one or more instructions, wherein when the one or more instructions are run on a computer, the computer performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method according to any one of claims 23 to 44, or the method according to claim 45 or 46.51.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions causing a processor in a device to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method according to any one of claims 23 to 44, or the method according to claim 45 or 46.52.A device configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method according to any one of claims 23 to 44, or the method according to claim 45 or 46.53.A processor, configured to execute instructions to cause a device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method according to any one of claims 23 to 44, or the method according to claim 45 or 46.54.An integrated circuit configure to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method according to any one of claims 23 to 44, or the method according to claim 45 or 46.
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