Flexible perovskite photovoltaic module, photovoltaic building material, and method for manufacturing photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present invention provides a flexible perovskite photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic building material, and a method for manufacturing the photovoltaic module. The method for manufacturing the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module comprises: first manufacturing a rigid substrate having a micro-nano structure on the surface, and manufacturing, by means of a solution process, a flexible substrate having a micro-nano structure on the surface of the rigid substrate; then continuing to manufacture a functional layer on the surface of the flexible substrate; and after the functional layer is manufactured, peeling off an entire flexible perovskite photovoltaic module from the surface of the rigid substrate. The method for manufacturing the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module provides forming the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module comprising the flexible substrate having the micro-nano structure, wherein the micro-nano structure enables the flexible substrate to exhibit adhesion characteristics at the exposed surface, so that the flexible substrate can be attached to building materials such as architectural glass to realize the photovoltaic power generation function of buildings. A basic building material and the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module are independently manufactured and are assembled during use, thereby reducing the quality costs during manufacturing and the maintenance costs during use.

Description

Flexible perovskite photovoltaic module, photovoltaic building material and preparation method of photovoltaic module TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, in particular to a flexible perovskite photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic building material and a preparation method of a photovoltaic module. BACKGROUND

[0002] The harm caused by global warming is getting worse and worse. According to authoritative media reports, if the use of petrochemical and coal power is not controlled and reduced, the high temperature of the earth after 2070 will make human beings unable to survive. Therefore, developing economic, practical, clean and efficient power generation materials is the top priority in response to global warming. In March 2022, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Building Energy Conservation and Green Building Development", which clearly proposes to complete the energy-saving renovation of 350 million square meters of existing buildings by 2025, build more than 0.5 billion square meters of ultra-low energy consumption and near-zero energy consumption buildings, and the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new urban construction will reach 30% by 2025. The target of new building photovoltaic installed capacity is more than 50 million kilowatts, i.e. the average annual new installed capacity will reach 10 million kilowatts by 2025.

[0003] According to the data released by the Shanghai Energy Consumption Detection Platform in 2023, the annual total electricity consumption of 2231 public buildings connected to the platform is 105.3 billion kWh, of which office buildings, shopping mall buildings, comprehensive buildings and tourist hotel buildings account for as high as 83.0%. Based on the annual electricity consumption of 85.1 degrees / m2 of office buildings, the annual electricity consumption of a 30,000 square meter office building will reach 2553000 degrees. Combined with China's latest carbon emission factor of 0.5703 kg CO2 / degree, the annual carbon emissions of this building will reach 1456 tons.

[0004] Using flexible solar cell technology on buildings is an effective way to make full use of installation space, promote building self-power generation, and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. It not only reduces the energy consumption of new buildings, but also can be applied to stock buildings to reduce energy consumption through retrofitting. The application of flexible solar cells is conducive to the transformation of the building industry to green and low-carbon green buildings.

[0005] Perovskite solar cells are expected to be widely used in the construction industry due to their simple preparation route, low energy consumption per product, and easy customization of finished product form, compared with traditional photovoltaic materials such as crystalline silicon cells. However, current perovskite solar cell technology mainly focuses on improving the light conversion capability by improving the cell structure and cell materials, and lacks attention to the practical industrial application of perovskite solar cells. Current perovskite solar cells used in the construction industry are mainly prepared integrally with traditional structural materials. For example, the double-layer glass disclosed in patent documents CN220986087U and CN219288074U has a sandwich structure, and the perovskite solar cell functional layer is prepared in the sandwich during the manufacture of the glass device, so that the photovoltaic glass based on this new technology has photovoltaic power generation function. The preparation process of similar technical solutions is relatively complex and needs to integrate the preparation process of perovskite solar cells into the preparation process of sandwich glass, which is difficult, especially when it comes to the production of large-size sandwich glass. Another side effect of the above manufacturing process is the increase in quality cost. Limited by the technical level, the batch preparation of the above photovoltaic glass has a higher failure rate compared to traditional sandwich glass, and the unit area cost of photovoltaic glass is also significantly higher, which directly results in a doubling of the quality cost of photovoltaic glass per unit area. Finally, it should be noted that similar integrated solutions are actually new products that combine two functions, which compete with traditional products such as sandwich glass, and there is a lot of resistance in the field of popularization, and it is also difficult to replace a large number of applications in stock projects. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the problems of complex process, high manufacturing cost and difficult popularization and application of the existing integrally prepared photovoltaic glass, the present application provides a flexible perovskite photovoltaic assembly, a photovoltaic building material and a preparation method of a photovoltaic assembly.

[0007] The technical solution of the present application provides a flexible perovskite photovoltaic assembly preparation method, which first prepares a rigid substrate with a micro-nano structure on the surface, and then prepares a flexible substrate with a micro-nano structure on the surface of the rigid substrate with a micro-nano structure in a solution process; then the surface of the flexible substrate formed on the rigid substrate is further prepared with a functional layer; after the functional layer is prepared, the flexible perovskite photovoltaic assembly is peeled off from the surface of the rigid substrate.

[0008] Preferably, in the step of preparing a flexible substrate with a micro-nano structure on the surface of a rigid substrate with a micro-nano structure, the substrate solution is first coated on the surface of the rigid substrate, and then annealed under negative pressure to obtain the flexible substrate.

[0009] Preferably, the step of preparing a flexible substrate with micro-nano structure from a rigid substrate with micro-nano structure in a solution process, the rigid substrate with micro-nano structure is kept in a negative pressure environment after the surface treatment of the rigid substrate with micro-nano structure; then the annealing treatment operation under negative pressure is performed.

[0010] Preferably, the gas pressure of the annealing treatment operation under negative pressure is higher than the gas pressure of the keeping in a negative pressure environment.

[0011] Preferably, the gas pressure of the annealing treatment operation under negative pressure is 500 Pa or less, and the gas pressure of the keeping in a negative pressure environment is 10 Pa or less.

[0012] Preferably, the rigid substrate with the coated substrate solution is vibrated at a frequency of 100-500 Hz to level the substrate solution in the keeping in a negative pressure environment.

[0013] Preferably, the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module is prepared by any one of the above-mentioned methods for preparing a flexible perovskite photovoltaic module; the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module comprises a flexible substrate, a functional layer for photovoltaic power generation is formed on one side surface of the flexible substrate; a micro-nano structure is formed on the other side surface of the flexible substrate, and the micro-nano structure can be self-stuck to a mounting interface.

[0014] Preferably, the micro-nano structure is a nano protrusion with a size and a pitch of 100-500 nanometers formed on the other side surface.

[0015] Preferably, the functional layer comprises a photovoltaic module layer for photovoltaic power generation and an encapsulation layer located on the surface layer of the photovoltaic module layer; the encapsulation layer is formed on the surface of the photovoltaic module layer opposite to the other side of the flexible substrate.

[0016] Preferably, the encapsulation layer is a nano-aluminum oxide layer structure or a poly-p-xylylene layer structure or a laminated structure of nano-aluminum oxide and poly-p-xylylene.

[0017] Preferably, the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module is self-stuck to the surface of a building material.

[0018] The flexible perovskite photovoltaic module preparation method of the present application provides a flexible perovskite photovoltaic module with a micro-nano structure formed on a flexible substrate, the micro-nano structure enables the flexible substrate to have adhesion properties on the exposed surface, so that it can be attached to building glass and other building materials to realize the photovoltaic power generation function of buildings. The basic building materials and the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module are independently manufactured, and can be assembled when in use, which is conducive to reducing the quality cost in the manufacturing process and the maintenance cost in the use process. It also provides a photovoltaic transformation scheme that is easy to accept and widely applicable on the basis of existing basic building materials, which is suitable for large-scale promotion under existing conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a flowchart of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module preparation method of the present application.

[0021] In the drawings:

[0022] 1: flexible perovskite photovoltaic module; 11: flexible substrate; 111: micro-nano structure; 12: functional layer; 121: photovoltaic module layer; 122: encapsulation layer; 2: rigid substrate. Embodiments of the present application

[0023] The present patent type is described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. In the present specification, the sizes of the drawings do not represent the actual size ratio, and the drawings are only used to reflect the relative position relationship and connection relationship between the components, components with the same name or the same label represent similar or identical structures, and are only for illustrative purposes.

[0024] The present application intends to provide a solution for combining building glass and other building materials with perovskite solar cells, to avoid the disadvantages of combining the two in terms of cost and application in the prior art, and also to avoid the problem that a single perovskite photovoltaic module is not convenient to combine with building materials and the like in the prior art. The present application mainly provides a perovskite photovoltaic module that can be self-adhesive to the surface of building materials and a corresponding preparation method.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 1, the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component has a flexible substrate 11, and a functional layer 12 is prepared on one side surface of the flexible substrate 11. The main function of the functional layer 12 is to realize the photovoltaic power generation function of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1, and its main structure is a photovoltaic component layer 121 formed on one side surface of the flexible substrate 11. The other side surface of the flexible substrate 11, which is not formed with the functional layer 12, is exposed, and the exposed surface realizes the self-adhesion effect on the installation interface through the micro-nano structure 111 on the surface, that is, without the action of adhesives or other intermediate substances, the exposed surface of the flexible substrate 11 is attached to the installation interface only by the structural characteristics. In the application of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1, due to the existence of the adhesion function, the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1 can be attached to the installation interface in the mode of the exposed surface of the flexible substrate 11, so as to realize the installation and fixation of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1.

[0026] The flexible substrate 11 of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1 is usually made of flexible polymer materials, including but not limited to PET film (polyethylene terephthalate film), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate film), PI (polyimide film) and the like. The flexible substrate 11 is preferably made of flexible materials in order to provide good deformation adhesion performance of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1, so that the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1 can be attached along the surface change of the installation interface, improve the bonding force of the micro-nano structure 111 on the surface, and help to improve the adhesion effect of the micro-nano structure 111.

[0027] The functional layer 12 at least includes a photovoltaic component layer 121 for photovoltaic power generation, and preferably further includes an encapsulation layer 122 arranged on the surface layer of the photovoltaic component layer 121. The photovoltaic component layer 121 is formed on one side surface of the flexible substrate 11, and at least has the general structure of a perovskite solar cell. The photovoltaic component layer 121 has an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer and a hole transport layer stacked in sequence. The three-layer structure can realize the directional migration of electrons or holes under light conditions to realize the function of photovoltaic power generation. In order to provide a current path, electrode layers are usually prepared on the outer side of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer respectively. In the preferred condition, the encapsulation layer 122 is formed on the other side surface of the photovoltaic component layer 121 relative to the flexible substrate 11 to protect the photovoltaic component layer 121 from water, gas and other corrosive substances, and realize the long-term effective and stable application of the photovoltaic component layer 121. The encapsulation layer 122 can be a nano-alumina layer or a parylene layer, and preferably a stacked structure of nano-alumina and parylene or a multi-layer alternating stacked structure of the two.

[0028] The micro-nano structure 111 of the exposed surface of the flexible substrate 11 is a nano-sized microscopic fluctuation formed on the exposed surface. Its role is to form intermolecular forces between the micro-nano structure 111 and the mounting interface when the flexible substrate 11 is attached to the mounting interface, so that the flexible substrate 11 and the mounting interface produce adsorption effect to achieve self-adhesion. For the micro-nano structure, generally, nano protrusions with a scale and a pitch of 100-500 nanometers are densely formed on the exposed surface, and the cross-sectional shape of the nano protrusions is not limited, generally being regular shapes such as circular and polygonal. The adsorption force of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 can be adjusted through the design of the microscopic structure of the flexible substrate surface. The size and distribution density of the microscopic structure can be adjusted through the designed template, thereby ensuring that the required adsorption effect is achieved. The formed micro-nano structure can also enhance the scattering of light between the flexible substrate and the building glass surface, increase the light absorption of the flexible module, and thereby improve the efficiency of the flexible photovoltaic module. Compared with the method of fixing the flexible photovoltaic module on the glass surface by using glue (such as ultraviolet curing glue), the provided adhesive flexible photovoltaic module has the characteristics of easy peeling. Since the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 and the base building material 2 are combined together through intermolecular forces, the adhesive photovoltaic module can be easily taken off from the building glass surface by applying a certain external force, which is convenient for replacement and maintenance.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 2, the above flexible perovskite photovoltaic module preparation method can be prepared by the following flexible perovskite photovoltaic module preparation method. First, a rigid substrate 2 with a surface having a micro-nano structure is prepared. Based on this, a flexible substrate 11 with an exposed surface having a micro-nano structure 111 is prepared. Then, the surface of the flexible substrate 11 formed on the rigid substrate 2 continues to prepare the functional layer 12. After the functional layer 12 is prepared, the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 is peeled off from the surface of the rigid substrate 2 to obtain the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 product.

[0030] When the rigid substrate 2 with a surface having a micro-nano structure is prepared, the rigid substrate 2 is selected from rigid materials to provide a hard basis for the preparation process of each layer of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 in subsequent operations. In order to form a micro-nano structure on the surface layer of the flexible substrate 11, a corresponding micro-nano structure needs to be formed on the surface of the rigid substrate 2 in advance, so as to realize the transfer printing of the micro-nano structure when the flexible substrate 11 is prepared. The micro-nano structure on the rigid substrate 2 is formed by laser etching or nano-imprinting technology.

[0031] Then the flexible substrate 11 is prepared on the surface of the rigid substrate 2 with the micro-nano structure. The flexible substrate 11 is formed by solution method. That is, the prepared substrate solution is coated on the surface of the rigid substrate with micro-nano structure by solution processing technology. The coating process can be performed by means of spin coating, blade coating, spray coating, slot coating, etc. The problem is that due to the presence of the micro-nano structure on the surface of the rigid substrate 2, it is difficult to ensure the escape of bubbles during the solution coating process.

[0032] By using conventional coating method, the air stored in the micro-nano structure of the rigid substrate 2 cannot be discharged, resulting in that the solution cannot completely enter the micro-nano structure, but float above the surface micropores of the rigid substrate 2. Therefore, the surface of the shaped flexible substrate 11 often lacks a large number of micro-nano structure details, resulting in the failure to achieve the attachment function. In addition, due to the presence of air in the micro-nano structure, the negative pressure in the subsequent processing process can squeeze out the air therein, causing the flexible substrate 11 to be damaged, and even causing local functional defects of the product.

[0033] In order to avoid the above defects in the preparation of the micro-nano structure, the preferred micro-nano structure should be a cylindrical protrusion, and the diameter and pitch should be controlled in the range of 100-500 nm. The depth is determined by the formation method of the micro-nano structure of the rigid substrate 2, and is generally above 100 nm, preferably above 500 nm. The key of the preparation process is to empty the air stored in the micro-nano structure to avoid the generation of bubbles. The solution after coating should be stored in a negative pressure environment below 10 Pa for 5-10 minutes to ensure that the solution completely enters the micro-nano structure of the rigid substrate 2. Preferably, under the negative pressure condition, the rigid substrate 2 and the solution as a whole are also subjected to vibration of 100-500 Hz to realize vibration flow leveling of the solution thereon, so as to avoid the escape of bubbles under the action of negative pressure to generate holes and unevenness on the surface of the solution. These defects will seriously affect the preparation thickness and quality of the functional layer 12. After the negative pressure and possible vibration treatment, the coated solution is subjected to annealing and solidification treatment to obtain the flexible substrate 11 reliably attached to the rigid substrate 2. The annealing process is preferably carried out under negative pressure, but it should be noted that the negative pressure value should be higher than that in the previous flow leveling process, so as to avoid the problem of continuous bubble escape during the annealing process, resulting in surface defects of the formed flexible substrate 11. In other words, the negative pressure of the annealing process should be higher than that of the coating process, for example, 100 Pa, in order to ensure the annealing effect, the negative pressure is usually not higher than 500 Pa. Gradient annealing is preferably used in the annealing process to ensure the forming quality of the flexible substrate 11. One specific way is to anneal at 100°C for 20 minutes, at 200°C for 10 minutes, and at 300°C for 5 minutes.

[0034] The surface of the flexible substrate 11 formed on the rigid substrate 2 is then continued to prepare the functional layer 12. In the preparation of the several layers of encapsulation layer 121 on the other side of the functional layer 12 relative to the flexible substrate 11, the encapsulation layer 121 is a nano-alumina layer prepared by a deposition process or a parylene (poly-p-xylylene) layer prepared by a deposition process. The thickness of the nano-alumina layer is preferably 10-100 nanometers, and the thickness of the parylene layer is preferably 10-50 micrometers. On this basis, a multilayer encapsulation layer 121 alternating stack structure can be formed.

[0035] The functional layer 12 of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 is generally formed as follows. A transparent conductive layer (such as ITO, IWO, IZO, etc.) is prepared on the flexible substrate 11 by magnetron sputtering or a silver nanowire film is prepared as a bottom electrode using a solution process (such as spin coating, blade coating, or slot coating, etc.) or the like, and then the preparation of other functional layers of the perovskite photovoltaic module is sequentially completed. In the preparation of the several layers of encapsulation layer 121 on the other side of the functional layer 12 relative to the flexible substrate 11, the following embodiments are provided. In the embodiments, the encapsulation layer 121 is a nano-alumina layer prepared by a deposition process or a parylene (poly-p-xylylene) layer prepared by a deposition process. The thickness of the nano-alumina layer is preferably 10-100 nanometers, and the thickness of the parylene layer is preferably 10-50 micrometers. On this basis, a multilayer encapsulation layer 121 alternating stack structure can be formed.

[0036] In order to peel off the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 product from the surface of the rigid substrate 2, a laser peeling technique can be considered in the above-mentioned flexible perovskite photovoltaic module preparation method. By laser destroying the van der Waals force between the flexible polymer and the glass substrate surface, the flexible substrate and the glass substrate are separated, and after the prepared perovskite photovoltaic module is peeled off from the rigid substrate, the preparation of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module is completed. The laser focus is different from the existing technology which is arranged on the surface layer of the flexible substrate 11, and is preferably arranged at the top of the micro-nano structure of the flexible substrate 11, so as not to damage the micro-nano structure 111 formed on the flexible substrate 11 during peeling.

[0037] The flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 has a peelable protective layer on the exposed surface with adhesive function of the flexible substrate 11 to protect the exposed surface with adhesive function of the flexible substrate 11 before use. In application, the protective layer is peeled off, and the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 is adhered to the mounting interface S. The flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 can be independent of building material manufacturing and transportation, and is combined by adhesion when used. Moreover, the possibility of secondary peeling between the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module 1 and the building material is provided.

[0038] The adsorption force between the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1 and the building material can be regulated by designing the microstructure on the surface of the flexible substrate. The optional microstructure patterns include but are not limited to triangular, cylindrical and other geometric patterns. The size and distribution density of the microstructure can be regulated by the designed template, thereby ensuring the required adsorption effect. Taking the cylindrical microstructure as an example, the diameter and spacing of the single cylindrical structure are controlled at 100-500 nanometers, that is, the desired pasting effect can be achieved by enhancing the intermolecular force between the microstructure and the surface of the glass. The formed micro-nano structure can also enhance the scattering of light between the flexible substrate and the surface of the building glass, increase the light absorption of the flexible component, and thus improve the efficiency of the flexible photovoltaic component. Compared with the method of fixing the flexible photovoltaic component on the surface of the glass by using glue (such as ultraviolet curing glue), the pastable flexible photovoltaic component provided by the application has the characteristics of being easily peeled off. Since the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1 and the base building material are combined together by intermolecular force, the pastable photovoltaic component can be easily taken off from the surface of the building glass by applying a certain external force, which is convenient for replacement and maintenance.

[0039] On this basis, the above-mentioned flexible perovskite photovoltaic component can be applied to the field of building. The specific use mode is that the self-pasting function of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1 is used to attach to the surface of the existing base building material, thereby forming a photovoltaic building material structure combined with the assembled flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1 and the base building material. Since the two are combined during use and do not affect each other, the base building material can be obtained by using the existing mature industry conditions, and the market resistance to the development of the photovoltaic building material industry is also reduced. This is conducive to the wide promotion of photovoltaic building material products. Since the self-pasting installation of the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1 mainly relies on the intermolecular force between the micro-nano structure 111 on the surface of the flexible substrate 11 and the installation interface, and the flexibility of the flexible substrate 11 is also conducive to the attachment of the micro-nano structure 111 to the installation interface. Therefore, its installation has almost no special requirements for the surface of the base building material, and on this basis, the material of the base building material includes but is not limited to glass, ceramic tiles and other decorative boards and other materials. The present application simultaneously protects the photovoltaic building material formed by attaching the flexible perovskite photovoltaic component 1 to the surface of the base building material as described above.

[0040] The above content only describes the preferred embodiments of the present patent type, and does not limit the scope of the present patent type. Without departing from the design spirit of the present patent type, various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present patent type made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present patent type.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a flexible perovskite photovoltaic module, characterized in that, First, a rigid substrate (2) with a micro-nano structure on its surface is prepared, and a flexible substrate (11) with a micro-nano structure (111) is prepared on the surface of the rigid substrate (2) with a micro-nano structure by a solution process; then a functional layer (12) is prepared on the surface of the flexible substrate (11) formed on the rigid substrate (2); after the functional layer (12) is prepared, the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module (1) is peeled off from the surface of the rigid substrate (2) as a whole.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the flexible perovskite photovoltaic assembly is prepared by a process comprising: In the step of preparing the flexible substrate (11) with a micro-nano structure (111) on the surface of the rigid substrate (2) with a micro-nano structure by a solution process, first, a substrate solution is coated on the surface of the rigid substrate (2), and then annealing is performed under negative pressure to obtain the flexible substrate (11).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the flexible perovskite photovoltaic assembly is prepared by a process comprising: In the step of preparing the flexible substrate (11) with a micro-nano structure (111) on the surface of the rigid substrate (2) with a micro-nano structure by a solution process, after the substrate solution is coated on the surface of the rigid substrate (2) and treated, the rigid substrate (2) is stored in a negative pressure environment to release gas in the micro-nano structure of the rigid substrate (2); then annealing is performed under negative pressure.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the flexible perovskite photovoltaic assembly is prepared by a process comprising: The gas pressure of the annealing operation under negative pressure is higher than the gas pressure of the storage in the negative pressure environment.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the flexible perovskite photovoltaic assembly is prepared by a process comprising: The gas pressure of the annealing operation under negative pressure is 500 Pa or less, and the gas pressure of the storage in the negative pressure environment is 10 Pa or less.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the flexible perovskite photovoltaic assembly is prepared by a process comprising: In the step of storing the rigid substrate (2) coated with the substrate solution in a negative pressure environment, the rigid substrate (2) is vibrated at a frequency of 100-500 Hz to level the substrate solution.

7. A flexible perovskite photovoltaic module characterized in that, The flexible perovskite photovoltaic module is prepared by the method for preparing a flexible perovskite photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-6; the flexible perovskite photovoltaic module comprises a flexible substrate (11), a functional layer (12) for photovoltaic power generation is formed on one side surface of the flexible substrate (11), and a micro-nano structure (111) is formed on the other side surface of the flexible substrate (11), which can be self-stuck to a mounting interface.

8. The flexible perovskite photovoltaic module of claim 7, wherein, The micro-nano structure is a nano protrusion with a size and a pitch of 100-500 nanometers formed on the other side surface.

9. The flexible perovskite photovoltaic module of claim 7, wherein, The functional layer (12) comprises a photovoltaic module layer (121) for photovoltaic power generation and an encapsulation layer (122) located on the surface layer of the photovoltaic module layer (121); the encapsulation layer (122) is formed on the surface of the photovoltaic module layer (121) opposite to the other side of the flexible substrate (11).

10. The flexible perovskite photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein, The encapsulation layer (122) is a nano-aluminum oxide layer structure, a poly-p-xylylene layer structure, or a laminated structure of nano-aluminum oxide and poly-p-xylylene.

11. A photovoltaic building material, characterized by, The flexible perovskite photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 7-10 is self-stuck to the surface of a basic building material.

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