Windshield and transmitting and / or receiving assembly, in particular lidar assembly, for a vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a windshield for a vehicle, having an exposed exterior-side surface (I) and an exposed interior-side surface (i), wherein the windshield has a transmission region (S) which is provided for the optical beam path of a transmitter and / or receiver (4) of electromagnetic radiation, and the interior-side surface (i) is provided with an anti-reflection coating (20) in the transmission region (S), the anti-reflection coating comprising, in the specified order starting from the interior-side surface (i): - a first optically high-refractive layer (21) having a refractive index of at least 1.9 and an optical thickness of 95 nm to 225 nm; - a first optically low-refractive layer (22) having a refractive index of maximally 1.6 and an optical thickness of 40 nm to 135 nm; - a second optically high-refractive layer (23) having a refractive index of at least 1.9 and an optical thickness of 415 nm to 615 nm; and - a second optically low-refractive layer (24) having a refractive index of maximally 1.6 and an optical thickness of 290 nm to 410 nm, the optical thickness being determined as the product of the geometrical thickness and the refractive index at 550 nm.

Description

[0001] SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0002] Windscreen and transmit and / or receive arrangement for a vehicle, in particular lidar arrangement

[0003] The invention relates to a windshield, an arrangement containing the windshield for a vehicle for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic radiation, and a vehicle equipped with the windshield or the arrangement.

[0004] Modern vehicles are increasingly equipped with sensors that simplify operation for the user. Examples of such sensors include light sensors, which automatically switch on the headlights when needed, or cameras, which automatically recognize traffic signs, for example.

[0005] To determine the distance to and speed of objects in the environment, lidar (light detection and ranging) technology is already used in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). With regard to autonomous driving, the importance of this technology will increase in the future. A lidar module comprises a transmitter and a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, typically pulsed infrared radiation with a central wavelength of 905 nm or 1550 nm. Objects in the environment are illuminated with the radiation, and the reflected radiation is detected, allowing the spatial position and speed of the objects to be determined. Lidar systems are disclosed, for example, in W02011015196A1, WO2015189025A1, and WO2016149118A1.

[0006] Lidar modules can generally be integrated at various locations within a vehicle, such as the roof, bumpers, or headlights. However, it may be desirable to install the lidar module inside the passenger cabin, particularly behind the windshield. This is aesthetically pleasing and advantageous for protecting the lidar module from damage. Furthermore, the relative positioning to the road surface is beneficial for geometric distance determination, the area of ​​the windshield used for detection can be cleaned by the windshield wipers, and external attachments, which can sometimes impair the vehicle's aerodynamics, can be avoided. Vehicle windshields with integrated optical sensors, especially lidar systems, are disclosed, for example, in WO2020148185A1, WO2021053138A1, WO2022117943A1, WO2022167333A1, and W02024069105A1. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0007] However, a problem with lidar detection through the windshield is the loss of reflections on the surfaces of the windshield, which reduces the intensity of the lidar signal and thus leads to a loss of signal.

[0008] It is known to reduce the reflection of glass panes by means of antireflective coatings. Such antireflective coatings comprise one or more sequences of a high-refractive-index and a low-refractive-index layer, the antireflective effect being due to optical interference effects. Antireflective coatings of this type for the visible spectral range are known, for example, from WO9743224A1, W02007104874A1, WO2019179682A1 and EP0490613A2.

[0009] The present invention is based on the objective of providing an improved windshield and an improved transmit and / or receive arrangement for a vehicle, in particular a lidar arrangement with a central operating wavelength of about 1550 nm, which ensures a high-intensity signal with low signal losses.

[0010] The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a windshield according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0011] The windshield according to the invention is intended for a vehicle and has an exposed outer surface and an exposed inner surface. The windshield also has a transmission area, which is provided for the optical beam path of a transmitter and / or receiver of electromagnetic radiation. This refers to a locally limited area of ​​the windshield that is designed and suitable for allowing the optical beam path of a transmitter and / or receiver of electromagnetic radiation to pass through the transmission area when such a transmitter and / or receiver is arranged on the inner side of the windshield and directed towards the inner surface.The transmission area is typically identifiable on the windshield by the fact that it is surrounded by an opaque masking area and / or that a mounting device for the transmitter and / or receiver is attached to the windshield. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286- WO- PCT.

[0012] According to the invention, the interior surface is provided in the transmission area with an anti-reflective coating, which, starting from the interior surface, comprises the following order:

[0013] - a first optically high-refractive-index layer with a refractive index of at least 1.9 and an optical thickness of 95 nm to 225 nm,

[0014] - a first optically low-refractive-index layer with a refractive index of at most 1.6 and an optical thickness of 40 nm to 135 nm,

[0015] - a second optically high-refractive-index layer with a refractive index of at least 1.9 and an optical thickness of 415 nm to 615 nm,

[0016] - a second optically low refractive index layer with a refractive index of at most 1.6 and an optical thickness of 290 nm to 410 nm.

[0017] The transmission area and the total area covered with the anti-reflective coating preferably correspond to a maximum of 10% of the total area of ​​the windshield, more preferably to a maximum of 5%.

[0018] The invention further comprises an arrangement for a vehicle for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic radiation. The arrangement according to the invention comprises

[0019] - a windshield according to the invention,

[0020] - a transmitter and / or receiver of electromagnetic radiation, which is arranged on the interior side of the windshield and is directed towards the interior surface, so that an optical beam path of the transmitter and / or receiver passes through the transmission area of ​​the windshield.

[0021] The windscreen and the arrangement are presented together below, with the explanations and preferred designs relating equally to the windscreen and the arrangement.

[0022] According to the invention, the transmitter and / or receiver is arranged or provided for on the interior side facing the windshield, such that its beam path passes through the windshield, more precisely through the transmission area of ​​the windshield. The anti-reflective coating reduces reflection losses on the interior surface of the windshield. This increases the signal strength of the transmitter and / or receiver. The anti-reflective coating according to the invention exhibits ideal anti-reflective properties at a central wavelength of approximately 1550 nm. It is therefore particularly suitable for a SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286- WO- PCT

[0023] A lidar arrangement with an operating wavelength of approximately 1550 nm is suitable. These are significant advantages of the present invention.

[0024] The windshield is designed to separate the vehicle's interior from the external environment within the front window opening. It has two exposed surfaces: an outer surface, which, when installed, is exposed to the external environment, and an inner surface, which, when installed, is exposed to the vehicle's interior.

[0025] The windshield is typically designed as a laminated glass. The laminated glass comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are bonded together via a thermoplastic interlayer. For the purposes of the invention, the inner pane refers to the pane of the laminated glass facing the vehicle interior. The outer pane refers to the pane facing the external environment. The outer pane and the inner pane each have an outer and an inner surface and a circumferential side edge running between them. For the purposes of the invention, the outer surface refers to the main surface which, when installed, is intended to face the external environment. For the purposes of the invention, the inner surface refers to the main surface which, when installed, is intended to face the interior.The interior surface of the outer pane and the exterior surface of the inner pane face each other and the intermediate layer and are connected to each other by the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

[0026] In this basic structure of a composite glass pane, the outer surface of the outer pane forms the exposed outer surface of the windshield, and the inner surface of the inner pane forms the exposed inner surface of the windshield. However, within the scope of the present invention, it is possible for the exposed inner surface in the transmission area to be formed by a different surface (in particular, the surface of a support substrate attached to the inner pane or of an insert within a feedthrough through the inner pane).

[0027] The transmitter and / or receiver of the arrangement according to the invention is located on the interior side facing the windshield, i.e., it is situated inside the vehicle, for example, attached to the windshield or otherwise secured within the vehicle interior. The SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0028] The transmitter and / or receiver is directed forward through the windshield (relative to the intended direction of travel when driving forward). The transmitter and / or receiver can therefore emit electromagnetic radiation forward through the windshield and / or detect electromagnetic radiation from a space in front of the vehicle through the windshield. The beam path of the transmitter and / or receiver passes through the windshield. The area of ​​the windshield through which the beam path passes is referred to, for the purposes of the invention, as the transmission area. The transmission area lies between the exposed interior surface and the exposed exterior surface of the windshield. The area of ​​the exposed interior surface that lies within the transmission area is (in particular, completely) provided with the anti-reflective coating according to the invention.

[0029] The angle of the transmitter and / or receiver's beam path to the windshield can be called the angle of incidence. It is determined as the angle between the surface normal of the windshield on the one hand and the beam path between the windshield and the transmitter / receiver on the other. When the beam path is perpendicular to the windshield, the angle of incidence is 0°. Such an angle of incidence of 0° or a few degrees can occur, for example, in trucks and buses where the windshield is installed at a very steep angle. In passenger cars, in particular, the windshield is typically installed with a pronounced inclination, usually at an installation angle (measured from the vertical) of approximately 60°. This would result in an angle of incidence of 60° if the transmitter and / or receiver were oriented horizontally forward.If the beam path is inclined slightly downwards towards the roadway, even greater angles of incidence result. A particular advantage of the antireflection coating according to the invention is that the desired antireflection effect is guaranteed even at such large angles of incidence.

[0030] The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter and / or detected by the receiver is preferably infrared radiation (IR radiation, radiation in the IR range) with a wavelength of 1540 nm to 1560 nm, particularly preferably from 1545 nm to 1555 nm, most preferably from 1548 nm to 1552 nm, and especially about 1550 nm.

[0031] In an advantageous embodiment, the transmitter and / or receiver is a lidar module. A lidar module comprises a transmitter of electromagnetic radiation and a receiver for radiation of the same wavelength. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter (SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT) and to which the receiver is sensitive is referred to, within the meaning of the invention, as the operating radiation of the lidar module, and its wavelength as the operating wavelength. The operating wavelength of the lidar module is preferably from 1540 nm to 1560 nm, particularly preferably from 1545 nm to 1555 nm, most preferably from 1548 nm to 1552 nm, and especially approximately 1550 nm.

[0032] In principle, all common lidar systems can be used, for example

[0033] - TOF lidar (time of flight), in which concentrated, pulsed radiation is emitted and the radiation reflected by an obstacle is returned to the receiver; the distance from the obstacle can be calculated based on the time that elapses between the emission of the radiation pulse and the detection of the reflected signal; here again, various variants are possible:

[0034] • “Scanning lidar”, in which several individual radiation pulses are emitted in different directions, for example by means of a rotating mirror; from which the overall image is obtained;

[0035] • “Flash Lidar”, in which a radiation pulse floods the entire area of ​​space corresponding to the receiver’s field of view;

[0036] - FMCW lidar (frequency-modulated continuous wave), in which non-pulsed, continuous radiation is emitted, the frequency (i.e., wavelength) of which is modulated, and radiation reflected from an obstacle is returned to the receiver; the distance and speed of the obstacle can be calculated based on the frequency difference between the emitted and detected radiation.

[0037] The type of transmitter and receiver depends on the type of lidar system used. The transmitter is typically a laser, in particular a diode laser, which can be pulsed (especially TOF lidar) or continuous (especially FMCW lidar). The receiver can be, for example, a photodiode or a photodiode array, in particular an InGaAs photodiode, an avalanche photodiode (APD), in particular a single-photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD), or a photomultiplier, in particular a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM).

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the transmitter and / or receiver is attached to the windshield, particularly to the exposed interior surface of the windshield. For this purpose, the transmitter and / or receiver (SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT) can, for example, be arranged in a housing that is bonded to the windshield. For windshields, so-called "brackets" are commonly used, which is also preferred in this case. A bracket is a mounting device that is attached to the windshield, particularly by bonding, and into which the transmitter and / or receiver can be inserted or clamped. Often, the bracket is designed as a combined mounting device for a number of functional elements, the position and relative distance of which are determined by the bracket.This plurality can, in addition to the transmitter and / or receiver according to the invention (in particular a lidar module), for example, include a light and / or rain sensor or a camera. Alternatively, however, it is also possible that the transmitter and / or receiver is not attached directly to the windshield, but to another location in the vehicle interior, for example in the vehicle roof or in the area of ​​the dashboard.

[0039] The interior reflectance of the windshield at an angle of 8° with respect to radiation of the operating wavelength is preferably less than 6%, particularly preferably less than 5.5%, most preferably less than 5%, and particularly less than 4.5%. Since angles of attack of 60° or more can occur in reality, reflectances at higher angles would generally be more meaningful. However, the reflectance at an angle of 8° is used here because these values ​​are more common in the literature. At larger angles, for example 60°, the reflectance value can be higher. Since the reflectances at 8° and 60° show the same trend (a decrease in reflectance at 8° corresponds to a decrease in reflectance at 60°), the reflectance at an angle of 8° can be used as a meaningful criterion.

[0040] The antireflection coating according to the invention is a thin-film coating, i.e., a stack or sequence of thin layers. Optically high-refractive-index layers and optically low-refractive-index layers are arranged alternately. The optical properties (in this case, in particular the antireflective properties) are determined by optical interference effects. The antireflection coating is a type of interference filter, whereby a (wavelength-dependent) reduction in the reflectance at the coated surface is achieved through destructive interference of the reflected rays. The optical properties, in particular the wavelength range for which the antireflective effect is achieved, depend especially on the optical thickness of the individual layers, which in turn results from the refractive index and the layer thickness.The thin layers are, in particular, dielectric layers.

[0041] Refractive indices are generally specified within the scope of the present invention with reference to a wavelength of 550 nm. Although the present invention primarily focuses on an operating wavelength of 1550 nm, and therefore a reference wavelength of 1550 nm would generally be more precise, the reference wavelength of 550 nm is used for the sake of simplicity because specifying the refractive index at this reference wavelength is common practice and tabulated values ​​are more readily available. Furthermore, the refractive index at 1550 nm correlates steadily with that at 550 nm, so the latter can be used as a useful reference here. The refractive index is fundamentally independent of the measurement method. It can be determined, for example, by ellipsometry. Ellipsometers are commercially available, for example, from Sentech.

[0042] The optical thickness of a layer according to the present invention is the product of the geometric thickness and the refractive index at 550 nm. If the optical thickness is meant, this is always explicitly stated. Otherwise, specifications regarding layer thickness or thickness always refer to the geometric thickness.

[0043] The optically high-refractive-index layers of the antireflection coating according to the invention have a refractive index of at least (i.e., greater than or equal to) 1.9, for example, from 1.9 to 2.6. In a preferred embodiment, the refractive index of the optically high-refractive-index layers is at least 2.3, for example, from 2.3 to 2.6. This is advantageous because a greater difference between the refractive indices of the optically high- and low-refractive-index layers leads to a better antireflective effect due to optical interference.

[0044] The optically low-refractive layers of the antireflection coating according to the invention have a refractive index of at most (i.e. less than or equal to) 1.6, for example from 1.3 to 1.6.

[0045] The optically high-refractive-index layers can be based, for example, on titanium oxide, silicon nitride, silicon-metal mixed nitride, tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, aluminum nitride, bismuth oxide, tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, chromium oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, or tin-zinc oxide. Titanium oxide and silicon-metal mixed nitride are preferred. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0046] (Silicon zirconium nitride, silicon hafnium nitride, or silicon titanium nitride are particularly preferred). In silicon-metal mixed nitrides, the refractive index depends especially on the metal content; with a sufficiently high metal content, refractive indices greater than or equal to 2.3 are achievable. Titanium oxide is particularly preferred due to its high refractive index and very low absorption.

[0047] The optically low-refractive-index layers can be based, for example, on silicon oxide, magnesium fluoride, or calcium fluoride. Silicon oxide is preferred.

[0048] If a thin film is formed based on a material, the film consists predominantly of that material, in particular essentially of that material alongside any impurities or dopants.

[0049] The layers of the antireflection coating can contain dopants, in particular aluminum, boron, antimony, zirconium, or titanium. These dopants can impart a certain electrical conductivity to materials that are inherently dielectric. However, those skilled in the art will still identify them as dielectric layers with regard to their function, as is common practice in the field of thin films. The material of the dielectric layers preferably has an electrical conductivity (inverse of the resistivity) of less than 10⁻⁶. 4 S / m. The proportion of doping is preferably less than 10 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 5 wt.%.

[0050] According to the invention, the first optically high-refractive-index layer has an optical thickness of 95 nm to 225 nm. The first optically high-refractive-index layer preferably has an optical thickness of 95 nm to 200 nm, particularly preferably of 95 nm to 175 nm, and most preferably of 120 nm to 175 nm.

[0051] Such an optically high-refractive-index layer can be achieved, for example, by a layer based on titanium oxide with a refractive index of approximately 2.45 and a thickness of

[0052] - from 40 nm to 90 nm (optical thickness according to the invention, in particular an optical thickness of 98 nm to 221 nm),

[0053] - preferably from 40 nm to 80 nm (preferred optical thickness, in particular an optical thickness of 98 nm to 196 nm),

[0054] - particularly preferably from 40 nm to 70 nm (particularly preferred optical thickness, especially an optical thickness of 98 nm to 172 nm), SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT most particularly preferably from 50 nm to 70 nm (most particularly preferred optical thickness, especially an optical thickness of 123 nm to 172 nm).

[0055] According to the invention, the first optically low-refractive-index layer has an optical thickness of 40 nm to 135 nm. The first optically low-refractive-index layer preferably has an optical thickness of 40 nm to 120 nm, particularly preferably of 55 nm to 105 nm, and most preferably of 55 nm to 75 nm.

[0056] Such an optically low-refractive-index layer can be realized, for example, by a layer based on silicon oxide with a refractive index of approximately 1.45 and a thickness

[0057] - from 30 nm to 90 nm (optical thickness according to the invention, in particular an optical thickness of 44 nm to 131 nm),

[0058] - preferably from 30 nm to 80 nm (preferred optical thickness, in particular an optical thickness of 44 nm to 116 nm),

[0059] - particularly preferably from 40 nm to 70 nm (particularly preferred optical thickness, especially an optical thickness of 58 nm to 102 nm),

[0060] - most preferably from 40 nm to 50 nm (most particularly preferred optical thickness, especially an optical thickness of 58 nm to 73 nm).

[0061] According to the invention, the second optically high-refractive-index layer has an optical thickness of 415 nm to 615 nm. The second optically high-refractive-index layer preferably has an optical thickness of 415 nm to 540 nm, particularly preferably of 465 nm to 540 nm, and most preferably of 475 nm to 540 nm.

[0062] Such an optically high-refractive-index layer can be achieved, for example, by a layer based on titanium oxide with a refractive index of approximately 2.45 and a thickness of

[0063] - from 170 nm to 250 nm (optical thickness according to the invention, in particular an optical thickness of 417 nm to 613 nm),

[0064] - preferably from 170 nm to 220 nm (preferred optical thickness, in particular an optical thickness of 417 nm to 539 nm),

[0065] - particularly preferably from 190 nm to 220 nm (particularly preferred optical thickness, especially an optical thickness of 466 nm to 539 nm),

[0066] - most preferably from 195 nm to 220 nm (most particularly preferred optical thickness, especially an optical thickness of 478 nm to 539 nm). SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286- WO- PCT

[0067] According to the invention, the second optically low-refractive-index layer has an optical thickness of 290 nm to 410 nm. The second optically low-refractive-index layer preferably has an optical thickness of 290 nm to 365 nm, particularly preferably of 315 nm to 365 nm, and most preferably of 315 nm to 335 nm.

[0068] Such an optically low-refractive-index layer can be realized, for example, by a layer based on silicon oxide with a refractive index of approximately 1.45 and a thickness

[0069] - from 200 nm to 280 nm (optical thickness according to the invention, in particular an optical thickness of 200 nm to 280 nm)

[0070] thickness from 290 nm to 406 nm),

[0071] - preferably from 200 nm to 250 nm (preferred optical thickness, in particular an optical thickness of 290 nm to 363 nm),

[0072] - particularly preferably from 220 nm to 250 nm (particularly preferred optical thickness, especially an optical thickness of 319 nm to 363 nm),

[0073] - most preferably from 220 nm to 230 nm (most particularly preferred optical thickness, especially an optical thickness of 319 nm to 334 nm).

[0074] In the aforementioned preferred ranges for the optical thickness of the individual layers, particularly good antireflective properties are achieved at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm.

[0075] Since the anti-reflective coating can exhibit a high degree of reflectivity in the visible spectral range and may impair visibility through the windshield, in a preferred embodiment the transmission area is arranged outside the central field of vision through which the driver typically observes road traffic, and the anti-reflective coating does not extend into this central field of vision. This central field of vision of the windshield is, in particular, a field of vision defined in ECE-R43 for vehicles.These are: field of vision B, if the vehicle windscreen is intended for a vehicle of category M1 (vehicle for the carriage of persons with a maximum of eight seats in addition to the driver's seat); field of vision B is defined in Annex 18 of ECE-R43; field of vision I, if the vehicle windscreen is intended for a vehicle of category M, other than M1 (other vehicles for the carriage of persons) or for a vehicle of category N (vehicles for the carriage of goods).

[0076] The transmission area is completely covered with the anti-reflective coating. The anti-reflective coating can also extend beyond the transmission area (SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT), which can be advantageous for manufacturing reasons. For example, the anti-reflective coating can extend up to 1 cm beyond the transmission area all around.

[0077] The arrangement of the anti-reflective coating on the windshield can be implemented in various ways. In a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the anti-reflective coating is deposited directly on the interior surface of the inner pane, facing away from the intermediate layer. Thus, the interior surface of the inner pane also forms the exposed interior surface of the windshield in the transmission area and carries the anti-reflective coating. This embodiment is particularly suitable when the inner pane is made of untinted and uncolored clear glass.

[0078] In a second preferred embodiment, the anti-reflective coating is deposited on a carrier substrate, which is attached to the interior surface of the inner pane facing away from the intermediate layer, preferably via an adhesive layer. In the transmission range, the exposed interior surface of the windshield is formed by the surface of the carrier substrate facing away from the inner pane, on which the anti-reflective coating is deposited. Outside the transmission range, the interior surface of the inner pane forms the exposed interior surface of the windshield. This embodiment is also particularly suitable when the inner pane is made of untinted and uncolored clear glass.

[0079] The substrate is preferably clear and untinted. It can be a thin glass sheet. Alternatively, it can be a thin polymer sheet or a polymer film. The substrate thickness is preferably between 0.05 mm and 1 mm. An optically clear adhesive (OCA) is preferably used as the adhesive layer. OCAs are well known to those skilled in the art. They are characterized in particular by their high optical quality. They are especially common where high optical quality is required so that the adhesive layer is virtually invisible, for example, in displays or touch panels. Optically clear adhesives are characterized in particular by high light transmission and the fact that distortion-free viewing is possible.The optically clear adhesive is preferably a 2-component polyurethane adhesive, a 1- SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286- WO- PCT.

[0080] One-component acrylate adhesive, one-component silicone adhesive or one-component acrylate hybrid adhesive.

[0081] In a third preferred embodiment, the inner pane has a feedthrough in which the transmission area is located, or through which the transmission area, i.e., the beam path of the transmitter and / or receiver, passes. A portion of the inner pane is removed, so that the beam path does not pass through the inner pane. An insert is arranged in the feedthrough. The insert is preferably made of glass, in particular clear glass (i.e., untinted and uncolored glass), preferably so-called ultra-clear glass (which is particularly low in iron and therefore especially transparent). Ultra-clear glass typically has a light transmission of more than 90%. Alternatively, the insert can be made of a clear, IR-transparent plastic.The insert is essentially a small glass or plastic disc with the same or a slightly smaller surface area as the feedthrough, which is inserted into the feedthrough. The insert is also connected to, for example, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and is secured by it. The thickness of the insert can be the same as the thickness of the inner disc, but it can also be thinner or thicker.

[0082] The anti-reflective coating is deposited on the surface of the insert facing away from the intermediate layer. Within the transmission range, the exposed interior surface of the windshield is formed by the surface of the insert facing away from both the intermediate layer and the outer pane, on which the anti-reflective coating is deposited. Outside the transmission range, the interior surface of the inner pane forms the exposed interior surface of the windshield. This design is particularly suitable when the inner pane exhibits increased absorption relative to the operating wavelength, especially in the IR range, and would thus interfere with the operation of the transmitter and / or receiver. This occurs, for example, when the inner pane is made of tinted or colored glass.

[0083] Typically, the windshield features an opaque masking area that surrounds a central transparent viewing area like a frame. This masking area is therefore located around the perimeter of the windshield. It is typically formed by an opaque coating (SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT) applied to the surface of the outer and / or inner pane. This coating is usually made of an enamel containing glass frits and a pigment, which is screen-printed and then fired into the glass surface. Alternatively, opaque films can be used in the intermediate layer. The frame-like masking area primarily serves to protect the adhesive that bonds the windshield to the vehicle body from UV radiation and also to visually mask it.The light transmission of the windshield in the viewing area is preferably greater than 70%. The term light transmission (total transmission) refers to the procedure for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows as specified in ECE-R 43, Annex 3, Section 9.1. The light transmission in the masking area is less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, particularly preferably less than 0.5%, and most preferably less than 0.1% (in particular, essentially 0%).

[0084] The transmission area can be surrounded by a section of the opaque masking area, as is common with camera or sensor areas on windshields. This section of the masking area can, for example, be adjacent to, and extend along, the section of the frame-like masking area that corresponds to the upper edge of the windshield (roof edge) when installed, pointing upwards or towards the vehicle roof. Thus, the section of the masking area surrounding the transmission area extends from the section corresponding to the upper edge towards the center of the windshield.

[0085] The transmission area itself can be transparent in the visible spectral range. However, since the transmission area is primarily concerned with the transmission of infrared radiation, it is also possible to optically mask the transmission area. In a further development of the invention, the windshield is provided in the transmission area with a cover layer that is opaque in the visible spectral range but transparent to infrared radiation. The cover layer is transparent, particularly at the operating wavelength of the transmitter and / or receiver, with a transmission coefficient preferably being at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90°. The cover layer can be formed on one of the surfaces of the outer or inner pane, for example, on the interior surface of the outer pane. The cover layer can be, for example, an enamel print, a different type of print, or another opaque coating.In the Lab color space, the cover layer should have an L* value of less than 5, which is advantageous in terms of aesthetic appearance for SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT. Alternatively, the cover layer can also be formed by an opaque but IR-transparent film in the intermediate layer.

[0086] The windshield can be coated with an IR-reflective coating. Such coatings are commonly used on windshields as sun protection coatings. The IR-reflective coating is designed to reflect a portion of solar radiation in the near-infrared range, thus reducing the heating of the vehicle interior. By means of an electrical contact, allowing an electric current to pass through the IR-reflective coating, it can also be used as a heated coating to defrost the windshield or remove condensation. The IR-reflective coating can be applied, for example, to the inner surface of the outer pane, to the outer surface of the inner pane, or to a carrier film within the intermediate layer.To avoid interfering with the operation of the transmitter and / or receiver, the IR-reflective coating is preferably not present in the transmission range. The transmission range can be excluded from the coating, for example, by a suitable aperture or masking techniques. Alternatively, the coating could first be applied across the entire surface and then subsequently removed from the transmission range, for example, by laser ablation.

[0087] Such an IR-reflective coating is typically a thin-film stack comprising at least one electrically conductive layer, in particular at least one silver layer. In addition to the at least one silver layer, dielectric layers or sequences of layers are typically present. The IR-reflective coating comprises n metallic layers, in particular silver layers, and (n+1) dielectric layers (or sequences of layers), wherein the dielectric layers (or sequences of layers) and the metallic layers are arranged alternately, such that each metallic layer is positioned between two dielectric layers (or sequences of layers), and a layer (or sequence of layers) is positioned between each adjacent metallic layer. The number n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 (n > 1).Common dielectric layers include, for example, anti-reflective coatings, which reduce the reflection of visible light and thus increase the transparency of the coated disc (e.g., based on silicon nitride, silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon zirconium nitride, titanium oxide, aluminum nitride, or tin oxide), matching layers, which improve the crystallinity of the electrically conductive layer (e.g., based on zinc oxide), and smoothing layers, which improve the SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT.

[0088] Improve the surface structure for the layers above (for example, based on non-crystalline tin-zinc mixed oxide).

[0089] The solar control coating is preferably applied to the entire surface of the glass, with the exception of the transmission area, any additional local areas intended to act as data transmission windows to ensure the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the windshield, and a surrounding edge area. The uncoated area may also extend slightly beyond the transmission area, for example, by up to 1 cm around the perimeter. The surrounding uncoated edge area has a width of, for example, up to 20 cm. It prevents direct contact between the solar control coating and the surrounding atmosphere, thus protecting the solar control coating inside the laminated glass from corrosion and damage. Preferably, at least 80% of the glass surface is coated with the solar control coating.

[0090] The outer and inner panes are preferably made of glass, in particular soda-lime glass, which is common for window panes. However, the glass pane can also be made of other types of glass (for example, borosilicate glass, quartz glass, aluminosilicate glass). The outer and inner panes preferably each have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, in particular 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0091] The thermoplastic interlayer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or polyurethane (PU), or mixtures, copolymers, or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The interlayer is typically formed from at least one thermoplastic film (bonding film), especially one based on PVB, EVA, or PU. This means that the film consists largely of the aforementioned polymer (proportion greater than 50 wt.%). The film may contain other additives besides the polymer, particularly plasticizers. The thickness of the interlayer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm.

[0092] The outer pane is preferably made of clear glass, i.e., clear, uncolored, and untinted glass. In one embodiment, the inner pane is also made of clear glass. In another embodiment, the inner pane is made of tinted or colored glass, which is sometimes common in windshields to reduce the thermal energy input from solar radiation. However, since such glass is typically used in IR- SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286- WO- PCT

[0093] To prevent interference from the transmission range, which could disrupt the operation of the transmitter and / or receiver, the inner disc in this embodiment has a feedthrough in the transmission area into which an insert with an anti-reflective coating is arranged, as described above. The intermediate layer is preferably clear, uncolored, and untinted.

[0094] The windshield can be flat, as is the case, for example, with windshields for buses, trains, or tractors. In a more advantageous embodiment, however, the windshield is curved, as is common for motor vehicle windshields. Typical radii of curvature range from approximately 10 cm to approximately 40 m.

[0095] The windshield according to the invention is manufactured by bonding the outer and inner panes together via the thermoplastic intermediate layer. This involves the use of methods known per se, such as autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calender processes, vacuum laminators, or combinations thereof. The bonding of the glass panes typically takes place under the influence of heat, vacuum, and / or pressure. Lamination preferably occurs after a glass bending process.

[0096] The surface designated as the exposed interior surface of the windshield in the transmission area is preferably provided with the anti-reflective coating according to the invention before lamination. The anti-reflective coating is preferably applied to the respective windshield surface by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by sputtering, and most preferably by magnetron sputtering. However, the coatings can also be applied, for example, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), such as plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), by evaporation, or by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The same applies to any IR-reflective coating.

[0097] The anti-reflective coating can be applied locally in the transmission area, for example by using a lens or by masking the remaining areas and subsequently removing the mask. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286- WO- PCT

[0098] The outer and inner panes are typically subjected to a bending process. The outer and inner panes are preferably bent congruently together (i.e., simultaneously and using the same tool) because this ensures optimal alignment of the pane shapes for subsequent lamination. Typical temperatures for glass bending processes range from 500°C to 700°C. Bending can be performed using all common glass bending methods, such as gravity bending, press bending, and / or suction bending.

[0099] Creating a through-hole in the inner disk is preferably done by laser cutting. Removing an IR-reflective coating in the transmission area is preferably done by laser ablation.

[0100] The arrangement according to the invention is produced by arranging a transmitter and / or receiver of electromagnetic radiation on the interior side of the windshield and directing it towards the interior surface of the windshield, so that an optical beam path of the transmitter and / or receiver passes through a transmission area of ​​the windshield.

[0101] The invention further comprises the use of a windshield and an arrangement according to the invention in means of transport on land, water, or in the air. The vehicle is, for example, an airplane or helicopter, a ship, a rail vehicle, or a motor vehicle, such as a passenger car, a truck, a bus, or an agricultural or construction vehicle, with motor vehicles being preferred, in particular passenger cars, trucks, or buses.

[0102] The invention further comprises a vehicle equipped with an arrangement according to the invention. The vehicle is preferably a passenger car, truck or bus.

[0103] The vehicle is typically equipped with at least one windshield wiper, usually two. During operation, the at least one wiper sweeps a certain area of ​​the windshield, more precisely the exposed outer surface of the windshield, which is typically formed by the outer surface of the glass pane. In an advantageous embodiment, the transmission area is located within this area of ​​the windshield that can be swept by the at least one wiper. The outer surface can thus be cleared of moisture by the at least one wiper, for example, rainwater, condensation, or a melted layer of ice.

[0104] SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0105] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments. The drawing is a schematic representation and not to scale. The drawing does not limit the invention in any way.

[0106] They show:

[0107] Fig. 1 shows a top view of an embodiment of the windshield and arrangement according to the invention.

[0108] Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through the windshield and the arrangement shown in Figure 1.

[0109] Fig. 3 shows a cross-section through an area of ​​the windshield from Figures 1 and 2,

[0110] Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of section Z from Figure 3,

[0111] Fig. 5 shows a cross-section through an area of ​​a further invention.

[0112] Windscreen,

[0113] Fig. 6 shows a cross-section through an area of ​​a further invention.

[0114] Windscreen.

[0115] Figures 1 and 2 each show a detail of an arrangement according to the invention for a vehicle for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic radiation. The arrangement comprises a windshield according to the invention for a passenger car, which is formed as a laminated glass pane consisting of an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2, which are connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.

[0116] The outer pane 1 faces the outside environment when installed. It is made of soda-lime glass with a thickness of, for example, 2.1 mm. It has an outer surface I and an inner surface II. The inner pane 2 faces the vehicle interior when installed. It is made of soda-lime glass with a thickness of, for example, 1.6 mm. It has an outer surface III and an inner surface IV. The intermediate layer 3 consists of a 0.76 mm thick PVB film. The outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 are bonded together via the intermediate layer 3.

[0117] The windshield has a transparent viewing area D and an opaque masking area M, which surrounds the viewing area D in a frame-like manner.

[0118] The arrangement also includes a transmitter and / or receiver 4 of electromagnetic radiation, which is attached to the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2 by means of a mounting device 5, a so-called bracket. The transmitter and / or receiver 4 is a lidar module with a central operating wavelength of 1550 nm. The lidar module includes a transmitter for IR radiation of the operating wavelength, with which objects in front of the vehicle can be illuminated. The lidar module also includes a receiver with which the radiation reflected by the objects can be detected. In this way, the distance and speed of these objects can be determined. The beam path L of the lidar module passes through a transmission area S of the windshield.

[0119] To improve the signal strength for the transmitter and / or receiver 4 and to reduce reflection losses at the windshield, the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2 in the transmission area S is provided with an anti-reflective coating, which is not shown in the figure.

[0120] Figure 3 shows an enlarged cross-section of an area of ​​the windshield from Figures 1 and 2, excluding the transmitter and / or receiver 4. The masking area M is formed by a black printed cover 6 on the interior surface II of the outer pane. It is arranged in a frame-like manner at the edge of the windshield. A section of the masking area M also surrounds the transmission area S.

[0121] In this configuration, the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2 forms the exposed interior surface i of the windshield, also in the transmission area S. The anti-reflective coating 20 is applied to it in the transmission area S.

[0122] Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of section Z from Figure 3. The layer structure of the anti-reflective coating 20 can be seen here. Starting from the exposed interior surface i of the windshield or the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2, the anti-reflective coating 20 comprises, in the following order: a first optically high refractive index layer 21, a first optically low refractive index layer 22, a second optically high refractive index layer 23, and a second optically low refractive index layer 24.

[0123] Figure 5 shows an enlarged cross-section of a region of a further embodiment of the windshield according to the invention. In contrast to Figure 3, the SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0124] Anti-reflective coating 20 not applied to the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2.

[0125] The windshield is provided in the transmission area S with a carrier substrate 7, which is attached to the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2 via an adhesive layer 8. The surface of the carrier substrate 7 facing away from the adhesive layer 8 forms the exposed interior surface i of the windshield in the transmission area. The anti-reflective coating 20 is applied to this surface. Outside the transmission area S, the exposed interior surface i of the windshield is formed by the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2.

[0126] The support substrate 7, for example, is a thin glass sheet with a thickness of 0.7 mm made of clear, chemically tempered aluminosilicate glass. The use of such a support substrate 7 can simplify the manufacture of the windshield compared to direct deposition of the antireflective coating 20 onto the inner pane 2.

[0127] The windshield is also provided with an IR-reflective coating 30, which is arranged, for example, on the outer surface III of the inner pane 2. It serves as a sun protection coating and reflects IR components of solar radiation to reduce the thermal energy input through the windshield. To avoid impairing the operation of the transmitter and / or receiver 4 by reflecting the infrared operating radiation, the IR-reflective coating 30 is removed in the transmission area S.

[0128] Figure 6 shows an enlarged cross-section of a region of a further embodiment of the windshield according to the invention. The inner pane 2 has a passage through which the transmission area S runs. An insert 9 is inserted into this passage. The surface of the insert 9 facing away from the intermediate layer 3 forms the exposed interior surface i of the windshield in the transmission area. The anti-reflective coating 20 is applied to this surface.

[0129] The insert is made of ultra-clear glass, for example. This design is particularly suitable if the inner pane 2 has a slight coloration or tint, such as a green tint. Since colored glass typically exhibits absorption in the IR range, the function of the transmitter and / or receiver 4 can be impaired, which is avoided by the clear insert 9. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0130] To optically conceal the transmission area S, a cover layer 10, opaque in the visible spectral range but IR-transparent, is arranged in the transmission area S on the interior surface II of the outer pane 1.

[0131] The configurations and feature combinations shown here are merely examples. For instance, an IR-reflective coating 30, shown by way of example in Figure 5, can be optionally present in all configurations. Likewise, an IR-transparent cover layer 10, shown by way of example in Figure 6, can be optionally present in the transmission range S in all configurations.

[0132] Examples

[0133] Test discs were produced with antireflective coatings 20. The test discs comprised a 2.1 nm thick glass disc (ultra-clear glass, AGC Sunmax) with the antireflective coating 20. The reflection properties of these test discs were then investigated, with the antireflective coating 20 facing the light source, in particular the reflectance at 1550 nm at an angle of 8°. The layer sequence of the antireflective coatings 20 for the inventive examples 1 to 9 and the comparative examples 1 to 9 are summarized in Table 1.

[0134] The table lists both the geometric thicknesses and the resulting optical thicknesses. The optical thickness is determined as the product of the geometric thickness and the refractive index n0(550 nm) at a wavelength of 550 nm, which is also given in the table. The optically high-refractive-index layers 21 and 23 were each based on titanium oxide (TiÜ2), while the optically low-refractive-index layers 22 and 24 were based on silicon oxide (SiO2). SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0135] Table 1 SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0136] Table 2 shows the reflectance R(8°, 1550nm) at a wavelength of 1550 nm, measured at an angle of 8°. This should be as low as possible to ensure optimal functionality of the transmitter and / or receiver 4.

[0137] Table 2

[0138] The antireflection coating 20 according to the invention leads to a significant reduction in reflectance compared to an uncoated disk (Comparative Example 4). In the examples 1 to 9 according to the invention, the optical thickness of the first optically high-refractive-index layer 21 was in the range of 95 nm to 225 nm, the optical thickness of the first optically low-refractive-index layer 22 was in the range of 40 nm to 135 nm, the optical thickness of the second optically high-refractive-index layer 23 was in the range of 415 nm to 615 nm, and the optical thickness of the second optically low-refractive-index layer 24 was in the range of 290 nm to 410 nm. Significantly lower reflectances relative to radiation of 1550 nm were observed in these examples than in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and 5 to 9, where this was not the case.

[0139] If the optical thickness of the first optically high-refractive-index layer 21 is lower (Comparison Example 3) or higher (Comparison Example 8) than the aforementioned range, higher reflectances R(8°, 1550 nm) were observed. The same applies if the optical thickness of the first optically low-refractive-index layer 22 is greater than the aforementioned range (Comparison Example 7). An optical thickness of the first optically low-refractive-index layer 22 of less than 40 nm (Comparison Example 9) appears to be less critical for optical reasons and still results in a low reflectance R(8°, 1550 nm), but is less advantageous because such a thin layer 22 represents a less effective barrier to the diffusion of alkali ions from the glass substrate into the antireflection coating 20, thus making the antireflection coating 20 less stable.If the optical thickness of the second high-refractive-index layer 23 is lower (Comparison Example 2) or higher (Comparison Example 6) than the aforementioned area, higher reflectances R(8°, 1550 nm) were observed for SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT. The same applies if the optical thickness of the second low-refractive-index layer 24 is lower (Comparison Example 1) or higher (Comparison Example 5) than the aforementioned area.

[0140] In the examples 1 to 9 according to the invention with the low reflectances R(8°, 1550nm), the optical thickness of the first optically high refractive index layer 21 was in a range of 95 nm to 200 nm, the optical thickness of the first optically low refractive index layer 22 was in a range of 40 nm to 120 nm, the optical thickness of the second optically high refractive index layer 23 was in a range of 415 nm to 540 nm and the optical thickness of the second optically low refractive index layer 24 was in a range of 290 nm to 365 nm, which is preferred.

[0141] It is particularly preferred if the optical thickness of the first optically high refractive layer 21 is in the range of 95 nm to 175 nm, the optical thickness of the first optically low refractive layer 22 is in the range of 55 nm to 105 nm, the optical thickness of the second optically high refractive layer 23 is in the range of 465 nm to 540 nm and the optical thickness of the second optically low refractive layer 24 is in the range of 315 nm to 365 nm (Examples 1 , 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).

[0142] Particularly low values ​​for the reflectance R(8°, 1550nm) were observed when the optical thickness of the first optically high refractive layer 21 is in the range of 120 nm to 175 nm, the optical thickness of the first optically low refractive layer 22 is in the range of 55 nm to 75 nm, the optical thickness of the second optically high refractive layer 23 is in the range of 475 nm to 540 nm and the optical thickness of the second optically low refractive layer 24 is in the range of 315 nm to 335 nm (Examples 5, 9).

[0143] SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT

[0144] Reference symbol list:

[0145] (1) Outer pane

[0146] (2) Inner disc

[0147] (3) thermoplastic intermediate layer

[0148] (4) Sender and / or receiver

[0149] (5) Fastening device

[0150] (6) Cover printing

[0151] (7) Support substrate

[0152] (8) adhesive layer

[0153] (9) deployment

[0154] (10) IR-transparent cover layer

[0155] (20) Anti-reflective coating

[0156] (21) first optically high-refractive layer

[0157] (22) first optically low refractive index layer

[0158] (23) second optically high-refractive layer

[0159] (24) second optically low refractive index layer

[0160] (30) IR-reflective coating

[0161] (L) Beam path of the transmitter and / or receiver 4

[0162] (S) Windscreen transmission area

[0163] (I) outer surface of the outer pane 1

[0164] (11) interior surface of the outer pane 1

[0165] (III) outer surface of the inner pane 2

[0166] (IV) interior surface of the inner pane 2

[0167] (i) exposed interior surface of the windscreen

[0168] (D) Windscreen viewing area

[0169] (M) Windscreen masking area

[0170] (Z) enlarged section

Claims

28 SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT Patent claims 1. Windscreen for a vehicle with an exposed outer surface (I) and an exposed inner surface (i), wherein the windscreen has a transmission area (S) which is provided for the optical beam path of a transmitter and / or receiver (4) of electromagnetic radiation, wherein the inner surface (i) in the transmission area (S) is coated with a is provided with an anti-reflective coating (20) which, starting from the interior surface (i), comprises in the order shown: - a first optically high-refractive-index layer (21) with a refractive index of at least 1.9 and an optical thickness of 95 nm to 225 nm, - a first optically low refractive index layer (22) with a refractive index of at most 1.6 and an optical thickness of 40 nm to 135 nm, - a second optically high-refractive-index layer (23) with a refractive index of at least 1.9 and an optical thickness of 415 nm to 615 nm, - a second optically low refractive index layer (24) with a refractive index of at most 1.6 and an optical thickness of 290 nm to 410 nm, wherein the optical thickness is determined as the product of the geometric thickness and the refractive index at 550 nm.

2. Windscreen according to claim 1, wherein. - the first optically high-refractive layer (21) has an optical thickness of 95 nm to 200 nm, preferably of 95 nm to 175 nm, particularly preferably of 120 nm to 175 nm, - the first optically low refractive layer (22) has an optical thickness of 40 nm to 120 nm, preferably of 55 nm to 105 nm, particularly preferably of 55 nm to 75 nm, - the second optically high-refractive layer (23) has an optical thickness of 415 nm to 540 nm, preferably of 465 nm to 540 nm, particularly preferably of 475 nm to 540 nm, and - the second optically low refractive layer (24) has an optical thickness of 290 nm to 365 nm, preferably of 315 nm to 365 nm, particularly preferably of 315 nm to 335 nm. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT 3. Windscreen according to claim 1 or 2, wherein - the first optically high-refractive layer (21) and the second optically high-refractive layer (23) are based on titanium oxide and - the first optically low refractive layer (22) and the second optically low refractive layer (24) are based on silicon oxide.

4. Windscreen according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the anti-reflective coating (20) does not extend into the field of vision B or I according to ECE-R43.

5. Windscreen according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the windscreen is designed as a composite screen consisting of an outer screen (1) and an inner screen (2) which are connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), wherein the anti-reflective coating (20) is applied directly to the surface of the intermediate layer (3) is deposited on the opposite surface (IV) of the inner disk (2).

6. Windscreen according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the windscreen is designed as a composite screen consisting of an outer screen (1) and an inner screen (2) which are connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), and wherein the anti-reflective coating (20) is deposited on a carrier substrate (7) which is attached to the surface (IV) of the inner screen (2) facing away from the intermediate layer (3), preferably via an adhesive layer (8).

7. Windscreen according to claim 6, wherein the support substrate (7) is designed as a glass pane, plastic pane or plastic film with a thickness of 0.05 mm to 1 mm.

8. Windscreen according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the windscreen is designed as a composite screen consisting of an outer screen (1) and an inner screen (2) which are connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), and wherein the inner screen (2) has a passage in which the transmission area (S) is arranged, and wherein an insert (9) is arranged in the passage, on the surface of which facing away from the intermediate layer (3) the antireflection coating (20) is deposited. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024286-WO-PCT 9. Windscreen according to claim 8, wherein the inner pane (2) is made of tinted or colored glass and the insert (9) is made of clear glass, in particular ultra-clear glass, or a clear plastic.

10. Windscreen according to one of claims 1 to 9, which is provided in the transmission area (S) with a cover layer (10) that is opaque in the visible spectral range and IR-transparent.

11. Windscreen according to one of claims 1 to 10, which is provided with an IR-reflective coating (30) which is not present in the transmission area (S).

12. Arrangement for a vehicle for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic radiation, comprising - a windshield according to one of claims 1 to 11 , - a transmitter and / or receiver (4) of electromagnetic radiation, which is arranged on the interior side of the windshield and is directed towards the interior surface (i), such that an optical beam path (L) of the transmitter and / or receiver (4) passes through the transmission area (S) of the windshield.

13. Arrangement according to claim 12, wherein the transmitter and / or receiver (4) is a lidar module with an operating wavelength of 1540 nm to 1560 nm, in particular about 1550 nm.

14. Arrangement according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the transmitter and / or receiver (4) is attached to the interior surface (i).

15. Vehicle equipped with a windshield according to one of claims 1 to 11 or an arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 14.

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