Methods and devices for providing optimized white light for managing photophobia and migraine

Abstract

A lighting device that provides a green-enriched white light. The lighting device includes one or more light sources that collectively produce light with wavelengths ranging from violet light through red light. A normalized intensity of wavelengths in a green light range of the produced light is greater than a normalized intensity of wavelengths in a blue light range of the produced light.

Description

Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCTMETHODS AND DEVICES FOR PROVIDING OPTIMIZED WHITE LIGHTFOR MANAGING PHOTOPHOBIA AND MIGRAINERELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application 63 / 693,130, filed September 10, 2024, to Sharp et al., titled “An Optimized White Light For Managing Photophobia and Light sensitivity,” the entirety of the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by this reference.FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure is directed to illumination optimization of light spectra for comfort, therapeutic effects, or overall well-being. Specifically, systems, methods, and devices for creating a white light with a full spectrum of colors are disclosed. The systems, methods, and devices may be used for subjects experiencing light sensitivity, photophobia and / or pain associated with migraine, traumatic brain injury or concussion, dry eye, blepharospasm, and other conditions.BACKGROUND

[0003] Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder that affects over one billion individuals worldwide. A typical migraine attack is characterized by a moderate to severe throbbing headache and is frequently accompanied by a constellation of sensory hypersensitivities, including photophobia (light sensitivity), phonophobia (sound sensitivity), osmophobia (odor sensitivity), cutaneous allodynia (pain from non-painful skin stimuli), as well as nausea and emesis.

[0004] Among these, photophobia is particularly prominent and is reported as the most common non-headache symptom identified by patients as the “most bothersome” during an attack. Photophobia refers to an abnormal intolerance or heightened sensitivity to light stimuli, often resulting in discomfort, nausea, visual strain, pain, or exacerbation of existing pain upon exposure to ambient or artificial light. Notably, photophobia is not limited to the ictal (during attack) phase of migraine but may also persist interictally (between attacks), albeit typically at a reduced intensity.

[0005] In addition to migraine, photophobia is observed in a range of neurological and ophthalmic conditions, including but not limited to concussion and more severe forms ofAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT traumatic brain injury (TBI), blepharospasm, dry eye, and those with autism and other forms of neurodivergence. Furthermore, photophobia is associated with systemic conditions such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and certain allergic or autoimmune disorders. Individuals experiencing photophobia often perceive light as excessively bright or intrusive, which can trigger secondary symptoms including ocular discomfort, visual strain, nausea, and amplification of pain.

[0006] The spectral composition of light plays a critical role in modulating discomfort thresholds and perceived pain intensity among individuals with photophobia. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that exposure to blue, red, and amber light, consistently exacerbates headache severity in individuals with migraine, irrespective of luminance intensity. In contrast, green light has emerged as a relatively well-tolerated spectral band, with significantly higher discomfort thresholds and reduced photophobia-evoked headache exacerbation. Notably, exposure to narrow-band green (510 - 540 nm) light has been associated with a decrease in both the number of headache days and the intensity of pain in patients with migraine. From a neurophysiological perspective, green light induces relatively smaller amplitude electrical signals in both the retina and visual cortex, which results in lower activation of pain-related neural structures, including the trigeminovascular pathway. Moreover, evidence suggests that green light stimulation may engage endogenous analgesic systems, including the opioid pathway, contributing to its observed pain-modulating effects.

[0007] Conversely, blue light is the least comfortable color for individuals with photophobia. This discomfort can be explained by the role of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), a type of photoreceptor in the retina. ipRGCs are crucial for regulating circadian rhythms, pupillary light reflex, and other non-image-forming visual functions. These cells are particularly sensitive to blue light, with a peak sensitivity between wavelengths of 480 nm to 490 nm, and contain the photopigment melanopsin, responsible for light sensitivity. When ipRGCs are activated by light, particularly blue light, they transmit signals to the brain's pain pathways, including the trigeminal nerve, which is involved in headache disorders such as migraine. This pathway involves connections to the thalamus and the somatosensory cortex, which are essential for processing sensory and pain signals.

[0008] In the context of photophobia, the sensitivity of ipRGCs to blue light wavelengths contributes to the amplification of pain perception and intolerance to typical ambient white lighting conditions. Many commercially available white light sources, particularly those utilizing phosphor-converted blue-pump LED technologies, emit a disproportionately high intensity of light in the blue spectral range. Even brief exposure to such blue-enriched whiteAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT light can trigger or exacerbate photophobic symptoms, especially in individuals experiencing migraine attacks or those in a neurologically sensitized state. Sustained or repeated activation of ipRGCs under these lighting conditions has been shown to increase signaling through pain- associated neural pathways, including the trigeminocervical system, thereby reinforcing a feedback loop of sensory hyper-responsiveness, central sensitization, and increased vulnerability to photic stimulation.

[0009] As a result, individuals experiencing photophobia frequently seek to avoid light exposure altogether, retreating into dark environments during symptomatic episodes. However, avoidance of light impairs visual function, rendering individuals unable to perform basic tasks requiring visual input, including reading, navigation, or social interaction. Photophobic episodes may last from several hours to multiple days and can occur intermittently or on a persistent basis. This imposes substantial functional limitations, leading to reduced workplace productivity, social withdrawal, absenteeism, and overall decreased quality of life.

[0010] Although certain commercial lighting solutions have been developed to emit narrowband green light in an effort to mitigate photophobia symptoms in migraine and other lightsensitive populations, these solutions are inherently limited in functionality. While narrowband green light has demonstrated clinical benefit in reducing pain and light sensitivity, it lacks the spectral completeness required for visually demanding tasks. Specifically, such monochromatic or quasi-monochromatic lighting fails to support accurate color rendering, depth perception, and spatial resolution, all of which are essential for routine daily activities such as reading, working, and navigating physical environments.

[0011] Full-spectrum white light (380 nm-780 nm), by contrast, provides the necessary wavelength distribution to support normal visual processing and is the standard illumination modality in residential, commercial, educational, and healthcare settings. However, existing white light technologies, particularly those based on phosphor-converted blue-pump LED systems, disproportionately emit light in the blue and red spectral range, which has been shown to provoke or worsen photophobic symptoms and pain. As a result, individuals with photophobia face an unmet need: existing solutions either provide comfort without usability (e.g., green-only light), or usability without comfort (e.g., standard white light).

[0012] There is therefore a pressing need for an optimized lighting solution that delivers the visual and functional benefits of full-spectrum white light, while simultaneously minimizing or modulating spectral components known to trigger photophobia. The present disclosure addresses this gap by providing methods and systems for generating or modifying white light to improve comfort for those experiencing light sensitivity, photophobia and / or pain associatedAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT with migraine, traumatic brain injury or concussion, dry eye, blepharospasm, and other conditions.SUMMARY

[0013] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a lighting device configured to emit white light with a spectral power distribution (SPD) spanning 380-780 nm. In some embodiments, the SPD is constrained such that the aggregate radiant-power contribution between 420-500 nm does not exceed 20% of the total radiant power. In some embodiments, the SPD may be constrained such that an aggregate radiant-power contribution for 501-565 nm is at least 25% of total radiant power.

[0014] In some embodiments, the SPD further satisfies a Green-to-Deep Blue+Blue+Cyan radiant-power ratio of at least 2: 1, where Green is 501-565 nm, Deep Blue is 421-450 nm, Blue is 451-470 nm, and Cyan is 471-500 nm. In some embodiments, the emitted light exhibits a correlated color temperature (CCT) between 3000 K and 5000 K and a color rendering index (CRI) of at least 80.

[0015] In some embodiments, the SPD of the lighting device is further constrained such that the aggregate radiant power contribution between 501-565 nm does not exceed 40% of total radiant power. In some embodiments, the SPD also limits the radiant power contributions between 421-450 nm to no more than 4%, between 451-470 nm to no more than 7.5%, and between 471-500 nm to no more than 7.5% of total radiant power. In some embodiments, the lighting device satisfies a Green-to-Cyan and Green-to-Blue radiant-power ratio of at least 4: 1, where Cyan is defined as 471-500 nm and Blue is defined as 421 - 450 nm. In some embodiments, the Green-to-Deep Blue+Blue+Cyan ratio (501-565 nm : 420-500 nm) is at least 3: 1.

[0016] In some embodiments, the lighting device comprises a single phosphor-converted LED emitter. In such embodiments, the phosphor formulation is configured to meet the SPD constraints described herein. In other embodiments, the lighting device comprises a multichannel LED assembly with spectrally distinct channels. In some embodiments, the emitted white light exhibits TM-30 metrics with a Fidelity Index (Rf) of at least 80 and a Gamut Index (Rg) of at least 85. In some embodiments, the chromaticity coordinates of the emitted light lie within a polygon in CIE 1931 x-y space located above the Planckian, or “Blackbody,” locus.

[0017] In some embodiments, the lighting device includes a sensor configured to sense the spectral content of the emitted light. In some embodiments, the device further includes a controller configured to receive input from the sensor and adjust the SPD constraints of theAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT light source accordingly. In some embodiments, a Green-to-Deep Blue+Blue+Cyan (501-565 nm : 420-500 nm) radiant-power ratio is at least 4: 1.

[0018] In some embodiments, at 4000 K, the device yields TM-30 Rf > 85 and Rg > 90.

[0019] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure also relates to a method of generating a green-augmented white-light spectrum. In some embodiments, the method comprises driving a light source to emit white light with an SPD over 380-780 nm that satisfies: an aggregate radiant-power contribution for 501-565 nm of at least 25% of total radiant power, a 501-565 nm : 420-500 nm radiant-power ratio of at least 2: 1, , a CCT between 3000 K and 5000 K, and a CRI of at least 80. In some embodiments, the method further constrains the SPD such that the radiant power contribution between 501-565 nm does not exceed 40%, and the contribution between 451-470 nm does not exceed 7.5%. In other embodiments, the SPD limits the contribution between 421-450 nm to no more than 4%, and between 471-500 nm to no more than 7.5%.

[0020] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure also relates to a lighting system comprising a first and a second light source, each configured to emit white light with an SPD. In some embodiments, the system includes a controller configured to change the intensity and SPD of the emitted light and a sensor configured to sense its spectral content. In some embodiments, the SPD spans 380-780 nm, with an aggregate radiant-power contribution for 501-565 nm of at least 25% of total radiant power, and a Green-to-Deep Blue+Blue+Cyan radiant-power ratio of at least 2: 1, where Green is 501-565 nm, Deep Blue is 421-450 nm, Blue is 451-470 nm, and Cyan is 471-500 nm.

[0021] In some embodiments, the Green-to-Blue ratio is at least 5: 1. In some embodiments, one of the light sources comprises an incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, laser, luminescent, or phosphorescent emitter. In other embodiments, one of the light sources comprises a pendant light, recessed light, or wall-mounted light.

[0022] The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent from the DESCRIPTION and DRAWINGS, and from the CLAIMS if any are included.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Implementations will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended and / or included DRAWINGS:

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates a chromaticity region of the present disclosure within the 1931 CIE x-y color space, encompassing CCT values from approximately 2500 K to 5500 K andAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT identifying the valid chromaticity region for white-light spectra optimized to mitigate photophobia, according to some embodiments.

[0025] FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred chromaticity region, as a subset within the valid chromaticity range disclosed in FIG. 1, plotted within the 1931 CIE x-y color space, according to some embodiments.

[0026] FIG. 3 shows ten exemplary spectral power distributions (SPDs), according to some embodiments.

[0027] FIG. 4 shows the relative SPDs of the ten exemplary SPDs of FIG. 3.

[0028] FIG. 5 plots mean visual discomfort levels reported by migraine participants under migraine-free conditions during 10 minutes of exposure to the optimized lighting disclosed herein, compared to three alternative white-lighting conditions.

[0029] FIG. 6 plots mean visual discomfort levels reported by migraine participants during active migraine attacks under exposure to the optimized lighting disclosed herein, compared to three alternative white-lighting conditions.

[0030] FIG. 7 plots mean visual discomfort levels reported by migraine participants during active migraine attacks under the optimized lighting disclosed herein, compared to three alternative white-lighting conditions.

[0031] FIG. 8 plots mean changes in self-reported headache intensity scores from migraine participants during active migraine attacks after 10 minutes of exposure to the optimized lighting disclosed herein, in comparison to three alternative white-lighting conditions.

[0032] FIG. 9 plots mean visual discomfort levels reported by participants, both healthy and with migraine (under migraine-free conditions), during exposure to the optimized lighting disclosed herein, compared to a single conventional white-lighting condition.

[0033] FIG. 10 plots mean cognitive performance scores measured by Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) reported by participants, both healthy and with migraine (under migraine-free conditions), after 10 minutes of exposure to the optimized lighting disclosed herein, compared to a single conventional white-lighting condition.

[0034] FIG. 11 shows a schematic of a lighting system, according to some embodiments.

[0035] FIG. 12 shows a schematic of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with clusters of LEDs arranged in close proximity within each cluster, according to some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following detailed description provides numerous specific details. Those skilled in the relevant arts understand that embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced without theseAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT specific details. The disclosure may also be practiced in different and alternative configurations.

[0037] Unless specifically noted, it is intended that the words and phrases in the specification and the claims be given their plain, ordinary, and accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the applicable arts. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to “a step” includes a reference to one or more of such steps. The words “exemplary,” “example,” “embodiment,” or various forms thereof are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or feature described herein as “exemplary” or as an “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. The examples are provided solely for purposes of clarity and understanding and do not limit or restrict the disclosure. It is to be appreciated that a myriad of additional or alternate examples of varying scope could have been presented, but have been omitted for purposes of brevity.

[0038] Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words “comprise” and “contain” and variations of the words, for example “comprising” and “comprises”, mean “including but not limited to”, and are not intended to (and do not) exclude other components.

[0039] When a range of values is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. All ranges are inclusive and combinable.

[0040] The present disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying figures and examples, which form a part of this disclosure. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specific materials, devices, methods, applications, conditions, or parameters described and / or shown herein, and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting of the claimed inventions. The term “plurality”, as used herein, means more than one.

[0041] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to lighting devices, systems, and methods for optimizing spectral power distributions (SPDs) to enhance visual comfort, reduce pain, and provide therapeutic benefits for individuals with light sensitivity or photophobia. Embodiments of the present disclosure enable the generation of optimized white light that maintains a broadspectrum visible output while selectively enriching spectral components associated with visual comfort and simultaneously attenuating spectral components known to trigger photophobic or pain-related responses.Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT

[0042] Embodiments of the present disclosure address light sensitivity associated with various clinical conditions, including but not limited to migraine, traumatic brain injury (TBI), concussion, dry eye syndrome, and blepharospasm. Exposure to the optimized white light may result in a reduction in headache severity, photophobia intensity, migraine symptoms, and overall pain burden. Users may experience secondary improvements in parameters such as sleep quality, mood, visual performance, cognitive performance, productivity, and overall well-being.

[0043] Existing approaches for mitigating photophobia are inadequate for routine visual and occupational tasks. For example, total light avoidance strategies, such as remaining in darkened environments, may alleviate discomfort but render users unable to perform essential visual activities, thereby impairing daily functioning and reducing quality of life. While certain commercial devices emit narrow-band green light to reduce photophobia-related discomfort, such solutions lack the spectral completeness required to support normal ambient lighting conditions. In particular, these systems fail to provide full-spectrum visual cues necessary for accurate color rendering, spatial depth perception, and shared-environment usability. Accordingly, there exists a need for lighting systems and methods that concurrently reduce spectral triggers of photophobia and maintain functional illumination for routine and task- oriented environments.

[0044] Disclosed lighting systems, methods, and devices comprise at least one light source configured to emit white light having an optimized SPD tailored to reduce photophobic discomfort while preserving full-spectrum visual utility. The SPD may be defined in terms of the relative or absolute radiant power distribution across specific wavelength intervals, as a percentage of the total integrated spectral output.

[0045] In certain embodiments, the emitted white light may be characterized as green- augmented, exhibiting an increased radiant-power contribution in the green spectral region and a reduced radiant-power contribution in the blue spectral region, relative to conventional whitelight LED systems. The spectral power distribution enhances emission within wavelength bands in green that are associated with visual comfort and neurological benefit, particularly those implicated in mitigating photophobia and migraine symptoms, while attenuating spectral components known to stimulate ipRGCs and exacerbate discomfort in light-sensitive individuals.

[0046] In some embodiments, the SPD of the white light has spectral components distributed across multiple wavelength bands: Violet(350-420 nm), Deep Blue (421-450 nm), Blue (451-Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT470 nm), Cyan (471-500 nm), Green (501-565 nm), Yellow (566-590 nm), Orange (591— 615 nm), Red (616-650 nm), and Deep Red (651-780 nm).

[0047] In some embodiments, the SPD of the white light has a spectral composition with the following percentages: Violet: less than or equal to 0.3%, or less than or equal to 0.2%; Deep Blue: between 1.0% and 4.0%, or between 1.0% and 2.0%; Blue: between 1.0% and 7.5%, or between 1.0% and 5.0%; Cyan: between 2.0% and 7.5%, or between 3.0% and 5.5%; Green: between 25.0% and 40.0%, or between 25.0% and 35.0%; Yellow: between 8.0% and 11.0%, or between 9% and 10%; Orange: between 9.0% and 14.0%, or between 10.0% and 13.0%; Red: between 14.0% and 22.0%, or between 15.5% and 20.5%; Deep Red: between 12.0% and 25.0%, or between 17.0% and 24.5%.

[0048] In some embodiments, the aggregate radiant-power contribution of the short- wavelength Deep Blue, Blue, and Cyan bands is less than about 20 percent of the total spectral output. In some embodiments, the aggregate radiant-power contribution of the short- wavelength Deep Blue, Blue, and Cyan bands is less than about 15 percent. In some embodiments, the aggregate radiant-power contribution of the short- wavelength Deep Blue, Blue, and Cyan bands is less than about 12 percent.

[0049] In some embodiments, the Green band contributes at least about 25 percent to the aggregate radiant power. In some embodiments, the Green band’s contribution is about 25 percent to about 40 percent of the aggregate radiant power. The radiant-power ratio of Green to Blue may be maintained at not less than approximately 4: 1. In some embodiments, the radiant-power ratio of Green to Blue may be 5: 1 or 7: 1. As used herein, a radiant-power ratio is a ratio between the aggregate radiant-power contribution emitted in one spectral band compared to another. For example, a Green to Blue ratio of 5: 1 means that the aggregate radiant-power contribution of the light emitted by the device in the Green band is at least 5 times larger than the aggregate radiant-power contribution of the light emitted by the device in the Blue band.

[0050] In some embodiments, the radiant-power ratio of Green to Cyan may be 4: 1, 5: 1, or 7: 1. In some embodiments, the radiant-power ratio of Green to the combined Deep Blue+Blue + Cyan is at least approximately 2: 1, and in some embodiments 3: 1. In some embodiments, the radiant-power ratio of Green to Yellow is about 2: 1 or 3: 1. In some embodiments, the radiant-power ratio of Green to Orange is about 1.5: 1, 2: 1, or 3: 1. In some embodiments, the radiant-power ratio of Green to Red is about 1.2: 1 or 1.5: 1. In some embodiments, the radiant-power ratio of Green to Deep Red is about 1 : 1 or 2: 1.Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT

[0051] Maintaining these short- wavelength limits together with the specified Green-to-long- wavelength ratios has been found to minimize ipRGC-mediated discomfort and headache provocation while preserving the full-spectrum fidelity required for accurate color rendering in general illumination applications. Unless expressly stated otherwise, all numerical values may vary by ± 0.5 percentage points or ± 10 percent of the stated value, whichever is greater, and are presented herein for illustrative, non-limiting purposes.

[0052] In the context of the present disclosure, peak wavelengths below 500 nm are excluded to avoid triggering these adverse responses in individuals with light sensitivity. In some embodiments, the peak wavelength of the emitted white light lies within the green spectral region. In some embodiments, the peak wavelength of the emitted white light lies between 510 nm and 545 nm. These wavelength ranges have been observed to correspond with enhanced visual comfort, reduced headache severity, and mitigated photophobic symptoms, particularly among individuals with migraine or light sensitivity.

[0053] Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to white-light spectra exhibiting peak emission within this green-dominant range, providing improved tolerability in individuals with photophobia, without compromising the functional and photometric performance required for ambient illumination.

[0054] In certain embodiments, the lighting systems described herein are configured to maintain white light characteristics sufficient to support general illumination applications, including appropriate color rendering performance. One such metric is the Color Rendering Index (CRI), as defined under CIE 13.3-1995, which evaluates the accuracy with which a light source renders the color appearance of a set of standardized test samples relative to a reference illuminant of the same correlated color temperature (CCT).

[0055] In some embodiments, the CRI of the systems and methods disclosed herein is at least about 80, 85, and 90, ensuring adequate visual fidelity for indoor and task-based lighting applications. A CRI of this level is desirable in shared environments such as workplaces, homes, healthcare facilities, and educational settings where accurate perception of object and skin tones is critical.

[0056] In addition or alternatively, the light source may be characterized by TM-30-18 metrics as defined by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). TM-30-18 introduces two complementary indices: Rf, the Fidelity Index, which quantifies the average similarity between colors rendered by the test light source and a reference illuminant; and Rg, the Gamut Index, which represents the average saturation level of rendered colors compared to the reference.Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT

[0057] Rf values closer to 100 represent higher fidelity. In some embodiments, the disclosed light systems and methods exhibit an Rf of at least about 80 or 85. In some embodiments, Rg is about 85 or 90, ensuring that the saturation of colors remains balanced, avoiding either under saturation (dulling) or over saturation (artificial enhancement).

[0058] Together, these metrics (CRI, Rf, Rg) provide a comprehensive assessment of the visual quality of the emitted light. In the context of the present disclosure, maintaining high color rendering fidelity is essential to ensuring that the light source can serve as a drop-in replacement for conventional white lighting in visually demanding environments, while also providing spectral optimization to reduce discomfort in individuals with photophobia.

[0059] In some embodiments, the white light emitted by the disclosed lighting systems may be characterized by its chromaticity coordinates and correlated color temperature (CCT). CCT is a standard photometric measure that describes the appearance of white light by referencing the color of a theoretical blackbody radiator (Planckian emitter) at a given temperature, expressed in Kelvin (K). The chromaticity of a light source may be plotted on the 1931 CIE x-y color space, wherein the Planckian locus represents the trajectory of chromaticity corresponding to ideal blackbody radiation at varying temperatures. This provides a recognized framework for defining visually neutral white-light sources.

[0060] Aspects of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the appended figures.

[0061] FIG. 1 illustrates a defined chromaticity region within the 1931 CIE x-y color space that corresponds to white-light spectra optimized for photophobia-sensitive applications. This region is bounded by five chromaticity coordinates forming a closed polygon, with vertices located at approximately (0.40, 0.53), (0.34, 0.46), (0.40, 0.43), (0.43, 0.43), and (0.47, 0.46). This region corresponds to white-light spectra having correlated color temperatures (CCT) between approximately 3000 K and 5000 K and optimized for visual comfort in photophobiasensitive users. Chromaticity coordinates falling within this region corresponds to spectral power distributions that are green-augmented, consistent with the elevated proportion of radiant power in the green range and reduced radiant power in the deep blue-blue-cyan range. Chromaticity points falling above the Planckian locus in this manner reflect a perceptual bias toward green hues, which, as demonstrated in the experimental data herein, are associated with improved visual comfort and reduced photophobic response.

[0062] FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred chromaticity region within the broader valid chromaticity region shown in FIG. 1. This preferred region is defined by a subset of chromaticity coordinates within the 1931 CIE x-y color space and corresponds to lighting configurations that yieldAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT optimal spectral characteristics for photophobia management. The region is bounded by chromaticity coordinates at approximately (0.38, 0.46), (0.39, 0.48), (0.42, 0.44), and (0.45, 0.47), and is situated above the Planckian locus in a zone associated with green-augmented white light.

[0063] Spectral power distributions producing chromaticity coordinates within this preferred region are configured to exhibit a peak spectral wavelength in the range of approximately 520 nm to 545 nm, a color rendering index (CRI, Ra) of greater than 80, a TM-30 Fidelity Index (Rf) exceeding 80, and a TM-30 Gamut Index (Rg) exceeding 87. These configurations provide a balance between visual comfort and color quality.

[0064] FIG. 3 shows ten exemplary spectral power distributions (SPDs), according to some embodiments. Each spectral profile produces an optimized white-light spectrum satisfying the chromaticity, spectral ratio, and photometric performance requirements described above. FIG. 4 shows the relative SPDs of the ten exemplary SPDs of FIG. 3. Each spectrum maintains a dominant emission in the green wavelength region while reducing relative radiant power in the blue and cyan regions.

[0065] It will be understood that the optimized spectral power distributions described herein may be generated using any suitable lighting technology, and that the present disclosure is not limited to a particular light source and light generation mechanism. In various embodiments, the light source may include, without limitation, at least one of the following: discrete lightemitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), phosphor-converted LEDs, laser diodes, broadband sources combined with optical filters, tunable solid-state lighting arrays, or other electroluminescent or optoelectronic emitters. The spectral profile may be produced using additive or subtractive blending, active modulation, fixed or tunable components, or any other method capable of producing the claimed spectral characteristics. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure encompasses all such light sources configured to produce the specified spectral distributions and performance metrics, irrespective of the underlying hardware or method of implementation.

[0066] In some embodiments, the lighting systems disclosed herein were evaluated for their ability to reduce visual discomfort and headache intensity in subjects with photophobia, including migraine-associated light sensitivity. A series of in-laboratory experiments were conducted to compare visual discomfort ratings across lighting conditions having distinct spectral power distributions (SPDs). These SPDs included blue-augmented, cyan-augmented, red-augmented, green-augmented, and balanced conventional white light profiles. A summary of the testing protocol and results is provided in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3.Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT

[0067] The disclosed lighting systems may be realized with any suitable light-source architecture, including, without limitation: single-channel or multi-channel solid-state light-emitting devices, arrays, or modules. In certain embodiments, the light source is a multi-channel light-emitting-diode (LED) assembly that incorporates two or more spectrally distinct LED packages, each configured to emit within a predetermined wavelength band. By way of non-limiting example, one representative configuration utilizes three LED channels, namely, two broad-spectrum white-emitting LED packages having differing phosphor compositions and one green-emitting LED package (520 nm - 550 nm), whose relative drive currents and duty cycles are cooperatively controlled to produce the target spectral power distribution described herein.

[0068] The lighting systems described herein may be implemented in any form factor compatible with general -purpose illumination. Examples include, but are not limited to, pendant luminaires, recessed or track lighting, linear or panel fixtures, light bulbs, troffer, downlights, wall sconces, desk lamps, or wearable lighting systems. In some embodiments, the system may be integrated into smart lighting networks or equipped with sensors to allow adaptive control of spectrum and intensity based on time of day, environmental input, or user sensitivity levels. In some embodiments, the system may be integrated with constant drivers or other means to create a flicker-free lighting system.

[0069] In certain embodiments, the spectral power distributions described herein may be implemented within display-based illumination systems, including but not limited to television backlighting units, computer monitors, tablet and smartphone displays, cinema projection systems, electronic signage, augmented / virtual reality headsets, and ambient screen-lighting or bias lighting systems. In such implementations, the disclosed green-augmented, blue- attenuated white-light spectra may be realized through direct-emitting pixels, edge-lit waveguides, or discrete backlight units, provided that the resulting light conforms to the spectral and chromaticity characteristics detailed in this disclosure.

[0070] In certain implementations, the lighting system may be driven by constant-current drivers, high-frequency electronic ballasts, or other circuitry configured to maintain flicker- free light output, defined herein as temporal light modulation below perceptual or physiological thresholds across all dimming levels. In some embodiments, optical diffusers, reflectors, baffles, or anti-glare louvers may be incorporated to minimize high-angle luminance and thereby deliver a glare-free lighting environment consistent with ergonomic and photobiological best practices.Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT

[0071] In some implementations, the light source may be combined with optical filtering components configured to attenuate undesired wavelengths and shape the emitted spectrum. For example, filters may be used to suppress blue spectral components, enhance green output, or smooth spectral discontinuities. Such filters may be placed directly over individual emitters, at the system output aperture, or within optical elements such as diffusers or waveguides. The use of such filtering does not limit the scope of the present disclosure, which encompasses all methods of achieving the specified spectral outputs.

[0072] Although LED-based implementations are described in detail herein, the present disclosure is not limited to any particular light generation technology. In alternative embodiments, the spectral profile may be achieved using incandescent, halogen, fluorescent, laser-based, OLED, EL, plasma, or phosphorescent sources, or combinations thereof, either with or without optical filters or spectral conversion components. The disclosure further contemplates hybrid systems employing both direct emission and phosphor conversion techniques.

[0073] Additional implementation examples, including specific LED combinations and control strategies, as well as clinical evaluation data demonstrating the effectiveness of the optimized SPD in reducing visual discomfort and headache severity in light-sensitive subjects, are provided in the Examples section below. These examples are provided for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.EXAMPLES

[0074] Example 1 : Controlled Laboratory Investigation of Visual -Discomfort Thresholds

[0075] Study design and subject population. The therapeutic advantages of the spectrally optimized white-light distributions were tested. The trial included twenty adult participants (fifteen female; age = 18-45 years) who satisfied the diagnostic criteria for migraine with photophobia under the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition (2018). Each participant completed two experimental visits: one during an interictal (headache-free) phase and one during an ictal (active-migraine) phase.

[0076] Illumination conditions. Four full-spectrum white-light conditions having identical correlated color temperature (CCT ~ 4000 K) but distinct spectral peaks were generated with programmable LED luminaires: (i) Blue-augmented white (peak wavelength ~ 450 nm), (ii) Cyan-augmented white (peak wavelength ~ 490 nm), (iii) Green-augmented white (peak wavelength ~ 540 nm), and (iv) Red-augmented white (peak wavelength ~ 632 nm). Each participant was exposed to all four spectral conditions on each visit (presentation order was randomized). Illumination was delivered by ten custom-built LED luminaires positionedAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT around the perimeter of the test chamber to provide a spatially uniform ambient lighting that emulated typical indoor lighting environments.

[0077] Testing protocol. Following ten minutes of accommodation in dim light (< 101x, 3500 K) and a subsequent five-minute dark-adaptation period, the assigned test spectrum was presented at an initial corneal illuminance of 50 ± 10 lx. Illuminance was increased in 1 -minute increments to a maximum of 600 ± 10 lx or until the subject indicated reaching a visual-discomfort threshold (“STOP”). At each intensity step, the participant reported a subjective discomfort rating on a 1-10 visual-analogue scale (VAS). A five-minute dark adaptation separated successive spectral exposures.

[0078] Main effects. Analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of spectral condition on visual discomfort (F(3, 57) = 12.466, p < 0.001, q2= 0.396) and a significant main effect of intensity (F(9, 171) = 124.298, p < 0.001, q2= 0.867). Visual discomfort ratings increased monotonically with illuminance, ranging from a mean VAS of 1.87 ± 1.59 at 50 lx to 5.60 ± 2.04 at 590 lx, with a pronounced acceleration beyond 470 lx. These findings demonstrate that visual discomfort is strongly intensity-dependent and differentially modulated by spectral composition.

[0079] Interaction effects. The interaction between headache status (ictal vs interictal) and spectral condition was not significant (F(3, 57) = 0.133, p = 0.940), indicating that the relative ordering of spectra with respect to discomfort remained constant regardless of migraine state. By contrast, a significant headache-status x intensity interaction was observed (F(9, 171) = 5.738, p = 0.001, q2= 0.232); during active migraine, discomfort escalated more sharply at high illuminances, with mean VAS 7.10 ± 2.10 at 590 lx versus 5.05 ± 2.15 in the headache-free state.

[0080] Spectrum x intensity interaction. An interaction between spectral condition and intensity (F(27, 513) = 2.442, p < 0.001, q2= 0.114) further demonstrated that the discomfortilluminance slope differed by spectrum. Notably, Blue-augmented white elicited the highest discomfort at 590 lx (mean VAS 7.10 ± 2.10), whereas Green-augmented white consistently produced the lowest discomfort across the full intensity range.

[0081] Post-hoc comparisons. Bonferroni-corrected pairwise analyses confirmed that Blue-augmented white and Cyan-augmented white generated significantly greater discomfort than Green-augmented white between and during migraine attacks. Red-augmented white produced intermediate discomfort levels between and during migraine attacks (FIG. 5 and FIG. 6).

[0082] Example 2: Impact of Fixed-Illuminance Spectra on Migraine-Related OutcomesAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT

[0083] Study design and subject population. Employing the same laboratory environment, luminaire hardware, and spectral -quality definitions described in Example 1, Example 2 employed a second, randomized crossover trial with twenty-one participants.

[0084] Illumination conditions. The four full-spectrum white-light spectra, blue-augmented (peak wavelength ~ 450 nm), cyan-augmented (peak wavelength ~ 490 nm), green-augmented (peak ~ 545 nm), and red-augmented (peak wavelength ~ 632 nm), were identical to those in Example 1. For this trial, each spectrum was presented at a fixed corneal illuminance of 400 lx (± 10 lx). Ten custom LED luminaires, perimeter-mounted, provided uniform ambient lighting, and the order of spectral exposure was randomized in a Latin square design for each participant.

[0085] Testing protocol. Each session was scheduled during a participant-reported and investigator-confirmed migraine attack. After ten minutes in dim light (< 10 lx, 3500 K) and five minutes in darkness, baseline (BL) headache intensity and ancillary migraine symptoms were recorded. A test spectrum was then ramped to 400 lx within one minute and maintained for ten minutes. At minute 8, participants again completed the migraine-symptom battery. During each ten-minute exposure, subjective visual-discomfort ratings (validated 1-10 scale) were verbally reported once per minute while the participant maintained primary gaze. A three-minute (or longer) dark wash-out returned headache intensity to baseline before the next spectrum. Each participant experienced all four spectra in a randomized order within a single visit.

[0086] Main effects. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed no significant difference in baseline headache intensity among the four spectra (F(3, 60) = 0.368, p = 0.777), thereby validating intra-session comparability. A significant main effect of spectral condition of white light on post-exposure headache intensity was observed (F(3, 60) = 9.477, p < 0.001). Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons showed that blue-augmented and cyan-augmented white light each produced significantly greater headache intensity than the green-augmented white light (p < 0.05). Blue-augmented white yielded the largest increase (t(20) = -6.38, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.20), followed by cyan-augmented white (t(20) = -4.48, p < 0.001, d = 0.97) (FIG. 7). Red-augmented white produced a smaller increase, whereas the optimized green-augmented condition showed no statistically significant change from baseline (t(20) = 1.56, p = 0.134, d = 0.34), indicating a trend toward symptom attenuation.

[0087] Visual-discomfort analysis. Spectral condition of white light exerted a significant main effect on visual-discomfort ratings (F(3, 30) = 12.947, p < 0.001), whereas exposure duration did not (F (7, 70) = 1.872, p = 0.087). Post-hoc tests revealed that blue-augmented whiteAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT produced the highest visual discomfort, while the green-augmented spectrum generated significantly lower visual discomfort than both blue-augmented and cyan-augmented spectra (p < 0.01 each) (FIG. 8).

[0088] These findings demonstrate that, even at a fixed photopic illuminance representative of normal indoor lighting conditions, a white-light SPD satisfying the green-dominant / blue-attenuated ratios specified in this disclosure materially reduces both headache intensity and visual discomfort during active migraine attacks, as compared with widely marketed blue- or cyan-dominant “healthy” white lights. This confirms the spectral optimization confers a therapeutic advantage without sacrificing full-spectrum functionality.

[0089] Example 3: Randomized Crossover Evaluation of Visual-Discomfort and Cognitive-Performance Outcomes Under the Green- Augmented White-Light Spectrum

[0090] Study design and subject population. A third laboratory -based, randomized, two-condition crossover study that compared an optimized green-augmented white light in accordance with the present disclosure (“Optimized” condition) with a commercially available broad-spectrum white light (“Conventional” condition). Two independent cohorts were enrolled: a healthy-control group (n = 18) and a migraine-subject group (n = 19), each comprising adults aged 18-45 years.

[0091] Illumination conditions. Both lighting conditions matched in correlated color temperature (- 4000 K) and photopic illuminance (-900 lux at the cornea) but differed in spectral composition. The optimized condition was developed using the methods described in this disclosure and applied in the form of a customized luminaire. Lighting was delivered by three custom luminaires positioned next to a wall to which participants gazed. This way provides a uniform lighting distribution in the direction of gaze of participants.

[0092] Experimental procedure. Each participant attended a single 60-minute laboratory session comprising two 10-minute light exposures separated by a 10-minute dark-adaptation wash-out. At session start, participants adapted in dim light (< 10 lux, 3500 K) for 10 minutes, followed by 5 minutes in darkness. The first randomized lighting condition was then introduced and ramped to target illuminance within one minute. Participants maintained a fixed gaze while engaging in light conversation to simulate natural viewing. Subjective visual discomfort was verbally rated once per minute using a 0-10 visual -analogue scale (VAS). At minute 8 of each exposure, subjects completed a Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) to assess cognitive performance. Then participants commenced the dark wash-out. Migraine-group sessions were scheduled interictally to avoid confounding acute symptoms.Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT

[0093] Visual-discomfort outcomes. A two-way mixed ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of lighting condition on VAS scores (p < 0.001, partial r|2= 0.548) and a significant main effect of group (p < 0.001, partial r|2= 0.682). The lighting x group interaction was likewise significant (p = 0.003). Participants reported significantly lower discomfort under the Optimized condition relative to the Conventional condition (p < 0.05(FIG. 9). There was also a significant main effect of group (p < .001, partial r|2= .533). Discomfort remained significantly higher overall in patients with migraine under both spectra, confirming heightened baseline sensitivity. Post hoc comparisons further demonstrated that migraine participants reported significantly reduced visual discomfort under the Optimized lighting condition relative to the Conventional condition (p < 0.05).

[0094] Cognitive-performance outcomes. DSST scores analyzed via two-way mixed ANOVA demonstrated a significant main effect of lighting condition (p = 0.002), with mean performance increasing by +4.21 points (95 % CI [2.91, 5.50]) under the optimized spectrum versus conventional. No significant main effect of group (p = 0.532) or interaction effect (p = 0.564) was detected, indicating that the performance enhancement generalized across both cohorts (FIG. 10).

[0095] Example 4

[0096] A semiconductor lighting module realizing the green-augmented spectral distribution will now be discussed. The semiconductor lighting module is designed to emit a white light spectrum having a peak wavelength centered around 521 nm, a correlated color temperature (CCT) of approximately 4000 K, a color rendering index (CRI) of at least 90, a TM-30 Fidelity Index (Rf) of at least 89, and a TM-30 Gamut Index (Rg) of at least 95.

[0097] The device comprises multiple independently addressable clusters, each cluster having two or more spectrally distinct LED types placed on a LED board (PCB). These emitters are arranged in close proximity within each cluster to promote optical blending and color mixing prior to beam shaping or diffusion (FIG. 12).

[0098] The LED clusters are physically arranged across the substrate in a symmetric, alternating pattern. The spatial proximity of different LED types within each cluster facilitates spectral mixing at the source level, thereby reducing color shadowing and improving spectral uniformity across the emitted beam field. The overall board layout supports modular integration into a wide range of luminaire housings and optical systems.

[0099] This device is configured to generate a white light spectral power distribution conforming to the green-augmented, blue-attenuated spectral characteristics described herein, including: (i) a Green-to-(Blue + Cyan) radiant power ratio of greater than 3: 1; (ii) a Green-to-Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCTBlue ratio greater than 7: 1; and (iii) a Deep Blue + Blue + Cyan contribution limited to less than 12% of total spectral output. As such, the device may be incorporated into a variety of lighting systems intended for individuals experiencing light sensitivity, including those with migraine, traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-concussion syndrome, and other photophobia- related conditions.

[0100] The device may be integrated into a luminaire system comprising additional components such as LED drivers, passive or active thermal management assemblies, optical diffusers, beam shaping lenses, and user-facing housings. Such integration may be performed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The board architecture is compatible with standard lighting control protocols (e.g., 0-10 V dimming, DALI, Bluetooth) and preferred to operate with constant current to remove flicker effects. The design is suitable for use in pendant, troffer, wall-mounted, freestanding, or task lighting formats.

[0101] Example 5

[0102] In some embodiments, the optimized white-light spectral power distribution disclosed herein is produced using a Planckian locus comprising a phosphor-converted emitter. Rather than employing multiple discrete LEDs with distinct emission spectra, this implementation envisions the use of a broad-spectrum, single-emitter solution wherein the desired output is achieved through the design of the phosphor formulation and the characteristics of the primary excitation source.

[0103] The LED package includes a custom phosphor mixture capable of generating white light that exhibits the chromaticity and spectral power distribution described in this disclosure. The phosphor composition may be selected or tuned to produce a green-augmented white-light spectrum while attenuating radiant power in the blue spectral region.

[0104] In certain implementations, the phosphor layer, phosphor grain blend, emission geometry, and pump wavelength may be optimized to emit a continuous spectrum with peak radiant output in the green wavelength band and reduced spectral intensity in the blue-cyan range. This single-emitter approach enables the realization of the claimed spectral properties without requiring multiple channels or active spectral modulation. The resulting LED may be integrated into any general-purpose or specialty luminaire, including but not limited to troffers, panels, downlights, pendants, sconces, linear fixtures, and wearable or portable lighting systems. In some embodiments, these fixtures may be specifically designed for deployment in photophobia-sensitive environments, such as clinics, classrooms, workspaces, healthcare facilities, or residential spaces.Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT

[0105] A single-emitter architecture, when configured to emit light meeting the photometric and spectral performance criteria set forth herein, provides an alternative yet fully compliant implementation of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not limited to multi-channel or multi-emitter architectures, and expressly encompasses phosphor-converted LED systems capable of producing the claimed green-enriched, blue-attenuated white light in any form factor suitable for illumination applications where reduced light sensitivity is desired.

[0106] Visually, there is no difference between embodiments disclosed herein and conventional white lighting, but the disclosed embodiments deliver the highest amount of green spectrum and the lowest amount of blue light to maximize comfort for those with photophobia. Thus, individuals with photophobia can use this optimized lighting in their everyday working and living environments, performing their daily routines without the need for social isolation. Additionally, others in the environment who do not have photophobia can also benefit from this lighting, making it inclusive and practical for shared spaces.

[0107] Example 6

[0108] Example 6 will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, where like reference numerals refer to like structures. FIG. 11 shows a schematic of lighting system 100, according to some embodiments. Light system 100 may receive power via power input 101. Power input 101 supplies power to power source 102. In some embodiments, power source 102 is configured to regulate the power supplied to components of lighting system 100. A driver 104 receives power from power source 102. Driver 104 is configured to supply related power to the LEDs in fixture 200. In some embodiments, driver 104 receives instructions from a controller 106. Controller 106 may receive inputs 108 and be operatively coupled to sensor 110. Inputs 108 may be manual user inputs for SPD settings, limits, or other inputs. Sensor 110 may also provide inputs to controller 106. In some embodiments, sensor 110 may be configured to sense the SPD and intensity of light 210. A feedback from fixture 200 may also be received by controller 106.

[0109] In some embodiments, fixture 200 includes luminaire housing 202. Luminaire housing202 has PCB board 204. PCB board 204 has LED clusters 203. In some embodiments, LED clusters 203 are evenly distributed on PCB board 204. In some embodiments, each LED cluster203 includes one LED. In some embodiments, each LED cluster 203 includes three or more LEDs.

[0110] As shown in FIG. 12, LED clusters 203 on PCB board 204 emit light rays 206. In some embodiments, light rays 206 pass through a lens 208. In some embodiments, light rays 206Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT pass through a diffuser. Either lens 208 or diffuser may be composed of several lenses or diffusers, or a mix of the same. Light 210 emits from lens 208.

[0111] Many additional implementations are possible. Further implementations are within the CLAIMS.

[0112] It will be understood that implementations of the present disclosure include but are not limited to the specific components disclosed herein, as virtually any components consistent with the intended operation of the present disclosure may be utilized. Accordingly, for example, it should be understood that, while the drawings and accompanying text show and describe particular implementations, any such implementation may comprise any shape, size, style, type, model, version, class, grade, measurement, concentration, material, weight, quantity, and / or the like consistent with the intended operation of the present disclosure.

[0113] The concepts disclosed herein are not limited to the specific devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein. For example, it is specifically contemplated that the components included in particular devices and systems for optimizing a green-enriched white light with full spectrum may be formed of any of many different types of materials or combinations that can readily be formed into shaped objects and that are consistent with the intended operation of the devices and systems for optimizing a green-enriched white light with full spectrum. For example, the components may be formed of rubbers (synthetic and / or natural) and / or other like materials; glasses (such as fiberglass), carbon-fiber, aramid-fiber, any combination therefore, and / or other like materials; elastomers and / or other like materials; polymers such as thermoplastics (such as ABS, fluoropolymers, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polysulfone, and / or the like, thermosets (such as epoxy, phenolic resin, polyimide, polyurethane, and / or the like), and / or other like materials; plastics and / or other like materials; composites and / or other like materials; metals, such as zinc, magnesium, titanium, copper, iron, steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, spring steel, aluminum, and / or other like materials; and / or any combination of the foregoing.

[0114] Furthermore, devices and systems for optimizing a green-augmented white light with full spectrum may be manufactured separately and then assembled together, or any or all of the components may be manufactured simultaneously and integrally joined with one another. Manufacture of these components separately or simultaneously, as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, may involve 3-D printing, extrusion, pultrusion, vacuum forming, injection molding, blow molding, resin transfer molding, casting, forging, cold rolling, milling, drilling, reaming, turning, grinding, stamping, cutting, bending, welding, soldering, hardening, riveting, punching, plating, and / or the like. If any of the components are manufacturedAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT separately, they may then be coupled or removably coupled with one another in any manner, such as with adhesive, a weld, a fastener, any combination thereof, and / or the like for example, depending on, among other considerations, the particular material(s) forming the components.

[0115] In places where the description above refers to particular implementations, it should be readily apparent that a number of modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof and that these implementations may be applied to other implementations disclosed or undisclosed. The presently disclosed devices and systems for optimizing a green-enriched white light with full spectrum are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims

Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCTCLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A lighting device configured to emit white light, comprising: at least one light source configured to generate a spectral power distribution (SPD) over 380-780 nm, wherein the SPD satisfies:(i) an aggregate radiant-power contribution for 420-500 nm that does not exceed 20% of total radiant power,(ii) an aggregate radiant-power contribution for 501-565 nm of at least 25% of total radiant power, and(iii) a Green-to-Deep Blue+Blue+Cyan radiant-power ratio of at least 2: 1, where Green is 501-565 nm, Deep Blue is 421-450 nm, Blue is 451— 470 nm, and Cyan is 471-500 nm, and wherein the emitted light has a correlated color temperature within 3000-5000 K and a color rendering index (CRI) of at least 80.

2. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the SPD satisfies:(i) an aggregate radiant power contribution for 501-565 nm that does not exceed 40% of total radiant power,(ii) an aggregate radiant power contribution for 421-450 nm that does not exceed 4% of total radiant power,(iii) an aggregate radiant power contribution for 451-470 nm that does not exceed 7.5% of total radiant power, and(iv) an aggregate radiant power contribution for 471-500 nm that does not exceed 7.5% of total radiant power.

3. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein a Green-to-Cyan (501-565 nm : 471-500 nm) radiant-power ratio is at least 4: 1.

4. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein a Green-to-Deep Blue+Blue+Cyan (501-565 nm : 420-500 nm) radiant-power ratio is at least 3: 1.

5. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source comprises a single phosphor-converted LED emitter, wherein a phosphor formulation of the single phosphor-converted LED emitter is configured to meet the SPD constraints.Agent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT6. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source comprises a multichannel LED assembly comprising spectrally distinct channels.

7. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the emitted white light exhibits TM-30 metrics of Rf > 80 and Rg > 85.

8. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein chromaticity lies within a polygon in CIE 1931 x-y space located above the Planckian locus.

9. The lighting device of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to sense a spectral content of the emitted light.

10. The lighting device of claim 9, further comprising a controller configured to:(i) receive an input from the sensor, and(ii) adjust the SPD constraints of the at least one light source.

11. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein a Green-to-Deep Blue+Blue+Cyan (501-565 nm : 420-500 nm) radiant-power ratio is at least 4: 1.

12. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein, at 4000 K, the device yields TM-30 Rf > 85 and Rg > 90.

13. A method of generating a green-augmented white-light spectrum, comprising: driving a light source to emit white light having a spectral power distribution (SPD) over 380-780 nm that satisfies:(i) an aggregate radiant-power contribution for 501-565 nm of at least 25% of total radiant power,(ii) an aggregate 420-500 nm radiant-power contribution not exceeding 20%,(iii) a 501-565 nm : 420-500 nm radiant-power ratio of at least 2: 1,(iv) a correlated color temperature between 3000 and 5000 K, and(v) and a Color Rendering Index (CRI) of at least 80.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the SPD satisfies:(i) an aggregate radiant power contribution for 501-565 nm that does not exceed 40% of total radiant power, andAgent Reference: 11157-192WO-PCT(ii) an aggregate radiant power contribution for 451-470 nm that does not exceed 7.5% of total radiant power.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the SPD satisfies:(i) an aggregate radiant power contribution for 421-450 nm that does not exceed 4% of total radiant power.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the SPD satisfies:(i) an aggregate radiant power contribution for 471-500 nm that does not exceed 7.5% of total radiant power.

17. A lighting system, comprising: a first and a second light source, each light source configured to generate a white light with a spectral power distribution (SPD); and a controller configured to change the SPD of the white light emitted by the first and the second light source; wherein the SPD:(i) is between 380-780 nm,(ii) an aggregate radiant-power contribution for 501-565 nm of at least 25% of total radiant power, and(iii) a Green-to-Deep Blue+Blue+Cyan radiant-power ratio of at least 2: 1, where Green is 501-565 nm, Deep Blue is 421-450 nm, Blue is 451— 470 nm, and Cyan is 471-500 nm.

18. The system of claim 18, wherein the Green-to-Blue radiant-power ratio is at least 3: 1.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein one of the first and the second light sources comprises one of an incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, laser, luminescent, or phosphorescent source.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein one of the first and the second light sources comprises one of a pendant light, recessed light, or wall-mounted light.

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