Composite pane comprising an electrically switchable mirror element and a photovoltaic component

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane (1) for separating an interior from an exterior. The composite pane comprises an outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3) which are firmly bonded to one another by at least one thermoplastic interlayer (4', 4', 4''). An electrically switchable mirror element (6, 13) is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3), at least one photovoltaic component (16) being arranged on the exterior side of the mirror element (6, 13). The photovoltaic component (16) has a light transmission of at least 10%. Furthermore, the photovoltaic component (16) comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells (16.1) which are electrically connected to one another, the photovoltaic cells (16.1) being arranged adjacent to one another and / or a cell gap (17) being formed between neighbouring photovoltaic cells (16.1).

Description

[0001] SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0002] 1

[0003] Composite pane with an electrically switchable mirror element and a photovoltaic component

[0004] The present invention lies in the technical field of disc manufacturing and relates to a composite disc with an electrically switchable mirror element and a photovoltaic component. The invention further extends to the use of the composite disc according to the invention.

[0005] The interior of a vehicle or building can heat up considerably in summer when ambient temperatures are high and there is intense direct sunlight. With CO2 emissions in mind, reducing heat buildup from direct sunlight in a vehicle or building is desirable, as this saves energy needed for cooling the interior. Energy efficiency in cooling is also crucial. In electric vehicles, saving on cooling energy can increase the vehicle's range. Infrared radiation and radiation in the visible wavelength range (light) are primarily responsible for heating the interior.

[0006] To address this problem, panes with emissivity-reducing coatings, also known as low-E coatings, are used. These coatings have reflective properties against thermal radiation. In particular, when a pane heats up significantly at high outside temperatures, the emissivity-reducing coating prevents the heat radiation emitted by the heated pane from entering the interior. It also reflects some of the sun's infrared radiation. At low outside temperatures, the coating reduces heat transfer from the heated interior through the pane to the outside environment. Overall, thermal comfort is improved by such a pane with reduced emissivity. Panes with emissivity-reducing coatings are used in the automotive sector, especially as roof panes.Suitable emissivity-reducing coatings for this purpose are known, for example, from EP2141135 A1 , WO2011 / 105991 A1 , WO2013 / 131667 A1 and WO2018 / 206236 A1 .

[0007] Silver-based coatings are also used for the reflection of IR radiation, particularly in the near-infrared range. For example, in laminated glass, silver-based coatings are applied to the inner surface (side II) of the outer pane and emissivity-reducing coatings are applied in combination to the inner surface (side IV) of the inner pane. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0008] 2

[0009] These measures allow infrared radiation striking the laminated glass to be reflected and blocked, thus reducing the energy input into the interior. However, the complex manufacturing process for laminated glass with silver-based layers is problematic.

[0010] Besides infrared radiation, radiation in the visible wavelength range (i.e., visible light) also has a significant impact on the energy input into the interior. This is often unavoidable, as a minimum transparency of the glazing may be desirable or legally required. As is well known, approximately 44% of the energy input into an interior space can be caused by visible light. To reduce light transmission, tinted thermoplastic interlayers and / or tinted glass are used. However, tinted interlayers and tinted glass can heat up considerably through the absorption of sunlight, thus increasing the energy input into an interior space through the heat radiation they emit. As practical experience has shown, tinted elements can sometimes become so hot that contact with them can cause burns.To improve the light-reflecting properties of laminated glass, the use of electrically switchable, light-reflecting functional films would also be possible.

[0011] In general, light-reflecting coatings have the fundamental disadvantage of causing a certain degree of light reflection on the glass, both from the outside and / or inside, especially at shallow angles of reflection. This can lead to disruptive effects. For example, when a laminated glass is used as a roof window in a vehicle, the navigation system display or other electronic displays can be reflected on the roof window from the inside, which can be distracting for passengers in the back seat. From the outside, light reflections can obstruct, distract, or irritate other road users, which can negatively impact road safety.

[0012] DE 1596815 A1 , JP 2006106343 A, JP 2006267670 A and EP 0343419 A2 each show a composite disc with an electrically switchable mirror element.

[0013] In contrast, the object of the present invention is to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and to provide an improved composite panel that enhances energy efficiency in temperature control, i.e., cooling and / or heating, of an interior space. The energy input into the interior space is to be reduced, whereby SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0014] The aim is to reduce light reflections on the exterior and, optionally, the interior. Furthermore, the laminated glass should be produced using a cost-effective, industrially applicable process, and should be of high quality and long-term stability.

[0015] These and other problems are solved according to the invention by a composite disk and the use of a composite disk according to the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0016] The invention relates to a composite pane designed for installation in an opening of a vehicle or building and serving to separate an interior space from an exterior space – also referred to as the external environment. The composite pane comprises an outer pane with a surface facing the exterior (side I) and a surface facing the interior (side II), as well as an inner pane with a surface facing the exterior (side III) and a surface facing the interior (side IV).

[0017] As described above, the outer pane and the inner pane each have an outer surface, i.e., an outer face, and an inner surface, i.e., an inner face, and a circumferential side edge extending between them. For the purposes of the invention, the term "outer surface" refers to the main surface intended to face the outside (the external environment) when installed. For the purposes of the invention, the term "inner surface" refers to the main surface intended to face the interior when installed. In the composite pane according to the invention, the inner surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane face each other. The radiation that enters the interior from the outside through the composite pane during the intended use of the invention consists predominantly of solar radiation.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the composite pane is a curved composite pane. In this design, the outer and inner panes are preferably curved, i.e., they exhibit a curvature, with typical radii of curvature ranging from approximately 10 cm to approximately 40 m. The interior-facing surface of the inner pane of the composite pane is generally concave. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0019] 4

[0020] The outer and inner panes are firmly bonded together by at least one thermoplastic interlayer. Multiple thermoplastic interlayers may be present between the outer and inner panes. Furthermore, the composite pane features an electrically switchable mirror element with light-reflecting properties between the outer and inner panes. This mirror element reflects light incident on the composite pane from the external environment, i.e., radiation in the visible wavelength range. For this purpose, the electrically switchable mirror element can be switched between a light-reflecting and a light-non-reflecting state, for example, by applying a corresponding operating voltage.

[0021] The mirror element can typically also reflect light incident on the laminated pane from the interior, whereby, according to the invention, it is essential to reduce the energy input into the interior by focusing on the light incident from the exterior (the external environment). The mirror element is suitable and designed to reflect light incident on it from the external environment. In other words, the mirror element serves to reflect light incident on it from the external environment. The electrically switchable mirror element advantageously reduces the energy input into the interior from light in the visible wavelength range. This reduces the energy required to cool the interior separated by the laminated pane.

[0022] The laminated glass pane can be divided by the electrically switchable mirror element into a first, outer area containing the outer pane on the side of the mirror element facing the outside, and a second, inner area containing the inner pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior. The designation of the two areas of the laminated glass as "outer area" and "inner area" serves only for ease of distinction. The "outer" area can also be referred to as the "first area," and the "inner" area as the "second area" of the laminated glass. The first area comprises all components of the laminated glass on the side of the mirror element facing the outside environment, with the exception of an opaque masking layer (black print). Similarly, the second area comprises all components of the laminated glass on the side of the mirror element facing the interior.SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT.

[0023] 5

[0024] On the exterior side of the mirror element, at least one photovoltaic component is arranged. This photovoltaic component has a light transmission of at least 10%. "Light" or "visible light" is defined as the visible spectral range from 400 nm to 780 nm. The photovoltaic component is therefore at least partially transparent or (semi-)transparent to light, whereby a certain proportion of the light is absorbed by the photovoltaic component in order to convert the energy contained in the absorbed light into electrical energy.

[0025] Light incident on the photovoltaic component from the outside can be partially absorbed and converted into electrical energy. However, some of the incident light passes through the photovoltaic component. Depending on the switching state of the mirror element, the portion of the light not absorbed by the photovoltaic component can be reflected by the mirror element or, after passing through the mirror element, used to illuminate the interior.

[0026] When light is reflected by the mirror element, it strikes the photovoltaic component again and is partially absorbed, thus increasing the energy yield of the photovoltaic component. At the same time, the absorption of light reduces external reflections. When a laminated glass panel is used as a roof panel in a vehicle, external reflections can disturb other road users and negatively impact road safety. As a positive side effect, reducing these reflections improves the vehicle's appearance.

[0027] By reflecting the light using the mirror element, the amount of light entering the interior is reduced, resulting in a more subdued interior lighting. Furthermore, the energy input into the interior is reduced, thus requiring less energy for cooling.

[0028] The mirror element can be switched from a reflective to a non-reflective state as needed, so that little or no light striking the mirror element is reflected. The non-reflective state of the mirror element can be selected, for example, when ambient light conditions are dim, such as in winter, to allow light to enter the interior. This additional light is associated with increased energy input, which can heat the interior, a desirable effect in winter. The provision of a switchable mirror element in conjunction with a semi-transparent SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0029] The photovoltaic component is therefore suitable for reducing both the energy required to cool the interior in summer and the energy required to heat the interior in winter.

[0030] Furthermore, the photovoltaic effect converts a significant portion of the light incident on the laminated glass into electrical energy. If the laminated glass is used in an electric vehicle, this can improve the vehicle's achievable range.

[0031] The measurement of the total light transmittance (TL) of a laminated glass unit or a component thereof, in particular a pane of the laminated glass unit or the photovoltaic component, as well as the reflected light fraction, is carried out according to DIN ISO 5033 (old standard) or DIN EN ISO / CIE 11664 (new standard). The transmitted light fraction is determined in transmitted light, and the reflected light fraction is determined in reflected light. A standard light source (e.g., light source A, D65) is used under the conditions specified in the standard. The percentage of transmittance is determined by calculating the ratio of the intensity of the transmitted light to the intensity of the incident light. The light source is positioned on one side of the laminated glass unit / pane / component, and a light sensor is positioned on the other side.To determine the percentage of reflection, the ratio of the intensity of the reflected light to the intensity of the incident light is calculated. For this, the light source and the light sensor are positioned on the same side of the composite pane / disc / component. The determination of the light transmission or reflectivity of specific areas of the composite pane, such as the first, outer area or the second, inner area, is performed analogously, except that the area of ​​the composite pane is examined separately.

[0032] A "photovoltaic component" within the meaning of the invention is a single-piece or multi-piece electrical component for generating electrical energy or electric current by means of the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic component is handled as a single component and preferably has only two electrical connections (two electrical poles, i.e., "positive and negative poles") via which the component as a whole is electrically contacted. The photovoltaic component can also be referred to as a "photovoltaic element" or "solar element". If the composite panel has a plurality of photovoltaic components, preferably all photovoltaic components are located in the same plane or position of the composite panel. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0033] 7. All photovoltaic components then have (at least approximately) the same distance to the outer pane or the inner pane. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite pane comprises a plurality of photovoltaic components.

[0034] Generally speaking, the at least one photovoltaic component can be or comprise a single photovoltaic cell or a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells. According to the invention, however, the at least one photovoltaic component comprises a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells. A "photovoltaic cell" within the meaning of the invention is the smallest possible photovoltaic unit and is not structurally subdivided further. The at least one photovoltaic component, more precisely its photovoltaic cells, are suitable for converting sunlight directly into electrical energy. Within the scope of the present invention, in principle all types of photovoltaic components or photovoltaic cells, e.g., mono- or bifacial cells, can be used. There are no restrictions to specific photovoltaic cells.

[0035] The photovoltaic cells are (semi-)transparent, meaning they have a light transmittance TL according to ISO 9050:2003 (determined using light type A and / or light type D65) for visible light of more than 10%, so that some of the light incident on the photovoltaic cells passes through them. Preferably, the photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells connected in series and arranged in a string extending in one direction.

[0036] In one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic component is a photovoltaic film. The photovoltaic component comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells supported by a carrier film. The photovoltaic cells have a light transmission of at least 10%. The use of a photovoltaic film simplifies the production of the composite panel because the cells arranged in the film composite can be handled easily and without complications. The photovoltaic film can, for example, be arranged between two thermoplastic interlayers, by means of which it is fixed in the composite panel. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0037] 8

[0038] Preferably, the photovoltaic component comprises bifacial photovoltaic cells. Bifacial photovoltaic cells are characterized by their ability to convert light incident on both the front and back surfaces into electrical energy. Light incident on the composite panel is reflected by the mirror element after passing through the semi-transparent photovoltaic component(s). Consequently, the portion of the light that was not absorbed during the initial passage through the photovoltaic components strikes the interior-facing back surface of the photovoltaic components after reflection by the mirror element. Due to the bifacial structure of the components, this light can be used for energy generation, thereby improving the energy yield of the photovoltaic component.

[0039] According to the invention, the photovoltaic component comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells which are electrically interconnected. Some or all of the photovoltaic cells can be arranged adjacent to one another. Additionally or alternatively, a cell gap can be formed between some or all of the photovoltaic cells. Dividing the electrical component into several photovoltaic cells allows, firstly, precise dimensioning of the physical properties of the photovoltaic component. Furthermore, it makes it possible to arrange the individually flat photovoltaic cells in a curved composite disk, whereby the bending stress caused by the curvature of the composite disk in the photovoltaic cells is low compared to a solid-surface design of the photovoltaic cells.This effect is particularly effective when a space is provided between the cells, which can also be used, for example, to accommodate and guide cables. The space between the photovoltaic cells is, for example, a maximum of 5 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, or 5 mm, with possible lower limits (independent of these) of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2 mm.

[0040] Regardless of the specific design or construction of the photovoltaic component or photovoltaic cells, the specified light transmission of the photovoltaic component refers to the light transmission through the photovoltaic cells themselves, without taking into account any possible gaps between the cells.

[0041] The photovoltaic component or the plurality of photovoltaic components taken together preferably extends over a substantial part of the surface of the composite panel, for example at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 60%, SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0042] 9. At least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the surface area of ​​the composite panel. The larger the surface area of ​​the component(s), the greater the energy that can be recovered.

[0043] The light transmission of the photovoltaic component, i.e., the photovoltaic cells contained within the photovoltaic component, can be, for example, at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 40%, and most preferably at least 50%. The proportion of light passing through the photovoltaic component is thus sufficiently large that the illumination of the interior and the energy input into the interior can be adjusted by switching the mirror element, depending on the ambient conditions such as temperature and light levels.

[0044] Additionally or alternatively, the light transmission of the photovoltaic component, i.e., the photovoltaic cells contained within the photovoltaic component, can be at most 90%, preferably at most 80%, particularly preferably at most 70%, and most preferably at most 60% or 50%. If the light transmission is within this range, it is ensured that a sufficient portion of the sunlight is absorbed by the photovoltaic component and converted into electrical energy via the photoelectric effect, thus enabling the construction of a system with particularly high energy efficiency.

[0045] In one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic component is arranged between the mirror element and the outer pane. Consequently, the photovoltaic component is positioned facing the mirror element on the outside and the outer pane on the inside. This arrangement protects the photovoltaic component from weathering and mechanical wear, resulting in a longer service life for the photovoltaic component. This also improves the overall durability of the laminated glass.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the electrically switchable mirror element and the photovoltaic component, which firmly connects the electrically switchable mirror element and the photovoltaic component.

[0047] The interposed thermoplastic intermediate layer attaches the photovoltaic component to the switchable mirror element, thus providing additional stability for the photovoltaic component. Because the photovoltaic component is located adjacent to the mirror element, the optical properties of the photovoltaic SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0048] 10

[0049] The component and the mirror element are precisely matched to each other, taking into account the properties of the intervening thermoplastic intermediate layer.

[0050] Preferably, the photovoltaic component or the majority of the photovoltaic components are embedded between two thermoplastic interlayers, such that one thermoplastic interlayer is located on the inner side facing the photovoltaic component and the other on the outer side facing the photovoltaic component. This makes it particularly easy to integrate the photovoltaic component into the laminated glass unit, for example, by lamination. Furthermore, the thermoplastic interlayers can be used to fix the positions of different photovoltaic components relative to each other. This can also include enclosing any electrical connections between the photovoltaic components.

[0051] In one embodiment of the invention, the composite pane is designed such that it has a light transmission of a maximum of 70% in the inner (second) region, i.e., on the interior side of the mirror element. Preferably, the light transmission in the inner region is a maximum of 50%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, and most preferably a maximum of 10%. For the light transmission, all components of the composite pane in the inner region must be taken into account; that is, the light transmission in the inner region is the sum total light transmission of all components of the composite pane in the inner region (and analogously, the light transmission in the outer region is the sum total light transmission of all components of the composite pane in the outer region).The laminated pane can have different light transmissions on both sides of the electrically switchable mirror element, with the light transmission preferably being lower in the inner area of ​​the laminated pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior than in the outer area of ​​the laminated pane on the side of the mirror element facing the exterior. The reduced light transmission in the second area of ​​the laminated pane reduces unwanted interior light reflections on the interior side of the mirror element.

[0052] Means for reducing light transmission in a laminated glass pane are known to those skilled in the art. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0053] 1 1

[0054] In one embodiment of the invention, the composite pane has, in its inner area, a tinted (colored) thermoplastic intermediate layer and / or a tinted (colored) inner pane and / or a (dark) transmission-reducing coating produced by deposition, in order to reduce light transmission. The transmission-reducing coating is preferably deposited on the inner pane.

[0055] In one embodiment of the invention, the laminated glass pane has an untinted outer pane and / or an untinted thermoplastic interlayer in its outer area. Advantageously, the outer pane and / or thermoplastic interlayer in the outer area are clear, i.e., untinted or uncolored. In an alternative embodiment, the laminated glass pane has a tinted outer pane and / or a tinted thermoplastic interlayer in its outer area. The tinted outer pane and / or the tinted thermoplastic interlayer can, for example, have a lighter tint in the outer area than the inner pane and / or the thermoplastic interlayer in the inner area.

[0056] The invention advantageously reduces energy input into the interior in the visible wavelength range by means of the electrically switchable mirror element. Furthermore, the photovoltaic component, which is not completely transparent to light in the visible wavelength range, reduces unwanted external light reflections. These are significant advantages of the composite panel according to the invention.

[0057] In one embodiment of the invention, the composite pane is designed such that it has a light transmission of a maximum of 50%, preferably a maximum of 30%, and particularly preferably a maximum of 10% in its inner area. This measure allows, on the one hand, particularly effective reflection of light incident from the outside by means of the mirror element, and on the other hand, the significantly reduced light transmission in the inner area effectively prevents interior light reflections, which can, for example, prevent any impairment of the well-being of vehicle passengers.

[0058] As described above, at least one photovoltaic component is arranged on the outer side of the mirror element in the composite pane according to the invention. This component can be or comprise a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells, and the photovoltaic cells are (semi-)transparent. (See SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT)

[0059] In a 12 preferred embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic cells are colored. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic component thus comprises colored (semi-)transparent photovoltaic cells. Preferably, in this embodiment, a color compensation layer is formed on the side of the mirror element facing the interior. According to the invention, the color compensation layer is a layer or coating suitable for selectively adjusting the transmission of light through the composite pane from the exterior to the interior in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 780 nm, at least in areas of the composite pane where the colored (semi-)transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged when viewed through the composite pane, such that the maximum deviation of the transmission from the mean value is a maximum of 5 percentage points.The transmission spectrum for the transmission of visible light through the composite pane is therefore flat, and for an observer looking at the composite pane from the interior, at least in areas of the composite pane where the colored (semi-)transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged in the view through the composite pane, a neutral color impression results.

[0060] In other words, the term "flat" in this context refers to a continuous mixture of the spectral components of visible light (to the human eye), meaning light perceived as "white light" or "daylight." In contrast, "colored" refers to visible light with dominant and / or missing wavelength or spectral ranges, for example, a red tint resulting from a dominant spectral component in the wavelength range between 620 nm and 780 nm. A flat or continuous transmission spectrum achieves a neutral color perception for the human eye indoors, roughly corresponding to the outdoor environment. This can, for example, increase comfort by avoiding a spectral shift that some people find unpleasant. Furthermore, this can be desirable, for instance, to achieve a color perception indoors that is independent of the lighting conditions. This can be, for example,This may be desired by vehicle manufacturers to convey a consistent impression of quality, regardless of the lighting situation.

[0061] The color-compensating layer contains, in particular, at least one additive by which the transmission of visible light through the color-compensating layer can be selectively adjusted. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the color-compensating layer comprises dyes, pigments, and / or nanoparticles. A multitude of suitable dyes, pigments, and nanoparticles are known to those skilled in the art, so they will not be discussed in detail here. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0062] 13. The transmission properties of the color-compensating layer can be adjusted as desired by means of dyes, pigments, and nanoparticles. Pigments suitable for the selective absorption of light in a specific wavelength range are described, for example, in EP3412723A1. Nanoparticles suitable for the selective absorption of light in a specific wavelength range are disclosed, for example, in W02019 / 008374A1. These nanoparticles are, for example, so-called quantum dots. It is known to those skilled in the art which dyes, pigments, and / or nanoparticles are suitable for the selective absorption, reflection, and transmission of light in specific wavelength ranges and in what concentration they must be used to achieve a desired transmission spectrum.

[0063] For example, the colored (semi-)transparent photovoltaic cells are photovoltaic cells that reflect 50% and transmit 50% of blue light, absorb 50% and transmit 50% of green light for power generation, and transmit 100% of red light. The color-compensating layer is a layer that absorbs 50% and transmits 50% of red light and transmits 100% of both blue and green light. Such colored (semi-)transparent photovoltaic cells are perceived as blue by an observer looking at the laminated glass panel from the outside, and this design of the laminated glass panel would therefore be particularly suitable, from an aesthetic point of view, for installation as a laminated glass panel in a vehicle with a blue body.As described above, in this embodiment the colored (semi-)transparent photovoltaic cells transmit 50% of blue light, 50% of green light, and 100% of red light, while the color-compensating layer transmits 50% of red light and 100% of both blue and green light. Therefore, the transmission through such a combination of colored (semi-)transparent photovoltaic cells and color-compensating layer is 50% blue light, 50% green light, and 50% red light. Consequently, with a non-reflective mirror element, in areas of the composite panel where the colored (semi-)transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged when viewed through the panel, the maximum deviation of the transmission through this composite panel configuration from the outside to the inside is 5 percentage points from the mean value in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 780 nm.For an observer looking from inside the building at the laminated glass, this results in a neutral color impression.

[0064] From the outside, the photovoltaic component appears colored in this embodiment. For an observer inside, the photovoltaic component appears SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0065] 14

[0066] The component, however, is color-neutral, meaning color compensation takes place. When a laminated windscreen with this design is used in a vehicle, disturbances and distractions for the vehicle occupants caused by incident colored light are avoided or at least reduced. It also prevents, or at least reduces, the negative impact of incident colored light on the readability of displays or instruments in the interior.

[0067] The color-correcting layer is preferably designed as an intermediate layer based on a thermoplastic material or on an optically clear adhesive. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the color-correcting layer is designed as a coating on the inner pane. The coating can be arranged on the surface of the inner pane facing the outside or on the surface of the inner pane facing the interior.

[0068] The color-correcting layer can be a single layer or multi-layered. It is understood that if the color-correcting layer is multi-layered, different dyes, pigments, and / or nanoparticles can be arranged in different sub-layers of the color-correcting layer.

[0069] The color-compensating layer is arranged across the entire surface. Alternatively, the intermediate layer designed as a color-compensating layer can only be arranged in areas where, when looking through the laminated glass, at least one colored (semi-)transparent photovoltaic cell is located.

[0070] The base material of an optically clear adhesive is curable, meaning it can be irreversibly cured. This base material can be cured by heat, exposure to electromagnetic radiation, preferably UV radiation, and / or chemically. Typically, it is a plastic that is cured into a polymer-crosslinked state. It is understood that in a color-correcting layer based on an optically clear adhesive, the optically clear adhesive is present in its cured state.

[0071] The base material of the optically clear adhesive can, in principle, be chosen arbitrarily. Optically clear adhesives are particularly well-known under the abbreviations LOCA ("Liquid Optically Clear Adhesive") and OCA ("Optical Clear Adhesive"), under which they are commercially available in flowable form or as tapes or films. These are widely used. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0072] 15. In touch-sensitive displays, for example, to firmly bond them to an LCD display or to firmly bond plastic covers to the touch-sensitive displays. In one embodiment, the base material of the optically clear adhesive contains or consists of polyurethane (PU), polyacrylate, polyacetate resin, casting resin, silicone, or a copolymer or mixture thereof. A UV-curing polyacrylate is particularly preferred as the base material of the optically clear adhesive.

[0073] Suitable thermoplastic materials on which the color compensation layer formed as an intermediate layer can be based are thermoplastic polymers, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB.

[0074] The electrically switchable mirror element is preferably planar and extends over a substantial portion of the surface of the composite pane, for example, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the surface of the composite pane. The electrically switchable mirror element can be formed in one piece, i.e., as a single, extended element. Alternatively, the electrically switchable mirror element can be formed by a plurality of electrically switchable mirror element segments. The mirror element segments can be distributed along the surface of the composite pane. Adjacent mirror element segments can be spaced apart from one another and / or abutting one another. Some adjacent mirror element segments can be abutting one another, while other adjacent mirror element segments are spaced apart from one another.

[0075] The electrically switchable mirror element is preferably designed such that it can be switched between a non-reflective (light) state and a reflective (light) state by applying a corresponding operating voltage. Advantageously, the electrically switchable mirror element is designed such that at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the incident (visible) light is reflected when the mirror element is switched to the reflective (light) state. For the purposes of the present invention, a "reflective state" is also understood to mean a semi-reflective state in which only a portion of the incident visible light is reflected.The switching of the mirror element between the non-reflective and the reflective state can be discrete, for example when a certain threshold for the operating voltage is exceeded, or continuous, for example when the SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT.

[0076] 16

[0077] The reflectance of the mirror element changes in a specific ratio to the operating voltage.

[0078] Preferably, the electrically switchable mirror element is in a reflective state when no or a low operating voltage is applied and switches to the non-reflective state when a suitable operating voltage is applied. This has the advantage that the mirror element does not require any electrical energy to reflect light. Especially in summer, when a large amount of light strikes a vehicle or building, the energy required for cooling the interior is particularly high. Because no energy is required to operate the mirror element in its reflective state, the already high energy required for cooling is not further increased by the energy needed to operate the mirror element. On the contrary, the energy is actually reduced, since reflecting light in the visible wavelength range decreases the energy input into the interior and thus also reduces the energy required for cooling the interior.

[0079] Electrically switchable mirror elements are known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment of the invention, the electrically switchable mirror element is a prefabricated, electrically switchable functional element, i.e., not a coating, which is designed such that it can be switched between a non-reflective (light) state and a reflective (light) state by applying a corresponding operating voltage. Such electrically switchable functional elements are typically in film form and can be readily laminated into a composite panel. The electrically switchable functional element or functional film can, for example, be arranged in a thermoplastic film that surrounds the functional element in a frame-like manner, similar to a passe-partout, in order to avoid local height differences in the laminate and undesirable forces acting on the electrically switchable functional element. This design can also be referred to as picture frame technology.Prefabricated, electrically switchable functional elements based on liquid crystals in foil form are commercially available (e.g. from Kent Optronics).

[0080] In one embodiment of the invention, the electrically switchable functional element is arranged in film form between a thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first, outer region and a thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second, inner region, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second, inner region preferably has a tint. Preferably, the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the outer region has no tint or at least a lesser tint than the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the inner region. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0081] 17. Thus, the electrically switchable functional element is embedded between two thermoplastic intermediate layers of different tints, and the electrically switchable functional element can additionally be arranged in a frame-shaped surrounding thermoplastic intermediate layer. This measure has the advantage that the thermoplastic intermediate layer used to laminate the electrically switchable functional element in the inner area simultaneously serves to reduce light transmission in the outer area. Additionally, the inner pane can be tinted, while the outer pane is clear or at least has a lighter tint than the inner pane.

[0082] In one embodiment of the invention, the electrically switchable mirror element is in the form of an electrically switchable functional coating, which is designed such that it can be switched to a non-reflective (light) state or a reflective (light) state by applying a corresponding operating voltage. Such electrically switchable functional coatings are known in the trade (see, e.g., AIST, Japan) and are based, for example, on a Mg-Ni alloy as the electrically switchable mirror layer.

[0083] Preferably, the electrically switchable functional coating is applied to the inner pane by deposition, more preferably to the surface (side III) of the inner pane facing the outside. Preferably, a (dark) transmission-reducing coating is applied to the inner side of the electrically switchable functional coating. Preferably, the electrically switchable functional coating is arranged on the transmission-reducing coating. Preferably, the transmission-reducing coating is deposited on the surface (side III) of the inner pane facing the outside, and the electrically switchable functional coating is deposited on the transmission-reducing coating.

[0084] The transmission-reducing coating is based, for example, on titanium nitride and / or titanium carbide, or is an amorphous carbon layer.

[0085] The transmission-reducing coating is typically applied to the entire surface of the inner pane, possibly with the exception of a circumferential edge area and / or other locally limited areas that may, for example, serve for data transmission. The coated area of ​​the inner pane's surface is preferably at least 90%. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0086] 18

[0087] In one embodiment, an emissivity-reducing coating is applied to the inner pane, preferably to the surface of the inner pane facing the interior (side IV). This advantageously further reduces the energy input into the interior from IR radiation. The emissivity-reducing coating can also be referred to as a heat-radiation-reflecting coating or a low-E coating. Emissivity is the measure that indicates how much heat radiation the pane emits into an interior space in its installed position compared to an ideal heat radiator (i.e., a black body). The emissivity-reducing coating serves to prevent heat radiation from entering the interior space (IR components of solar radiation and, in particular, the thermal radiation of the laminated pane itself) and also from radiating heat out of the interior space.It exhibits reflective properties towards infrared radiation, especially towards thermal radiation in the spectral range of 5 - 50 pm (see standard DIN EN 12898:2019-06).

[0088] Advantageously, the emissivity-reducing coating contains at least one layer of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), for example based on indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2:Sb) and / or titanium nitride (TiN).

[0089] The emissivity-reducing coating is typically applied to the entire surface of the inner pane, possibly with the exception of a circumferential edge area and / or other locally limited areas that may, for example, serve for data transmission. The coated area of ​​the inner pane's surface is preferably at least 90%.

[0090] Additionally or alternatively, an IR-reflective coating can be applied to the surface of the outer pane facing the interior, which can (further) reduce the energy input into the interior.

[0091] In one embodiment of the invention, an IR reflective film is arranged on the outer side of the mirror element, i.e., in the outer, first region of the laminated glass. The IR reflective film is preferably arranged on the outer side of the photovoltaic component. The IR reflective film is hereinafter also referred to as an IR-reflective film. The IR reflective film is at least partially reflective for IR radiation, in particular for IR radiation incident on the IR reflective film from the outside. The IR reflective film can be SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0092] For example, 19 reflects more than 10%, more than 20%, more than 30%, more than 40%, more than 50%, more than 60%, more than 70%, more than 80%, or more than 90% of the incoming IR radiation. The specified reflectance values ​​may refer to near-infrared or the entire infrared range.

[0093] The IR reflective film is at least partially, preferably almost completely, transparent to visible light, so that a (large) part of the light incident on the composite disc from the outside (in the visible wavelength range) hits the semi-transparent photovoltaic component after passing through the IR reflective film and / or is reflected by the switchable mirror element when the mirror element is switched to the reflective state.

[0094] An IR-reflective layer, such as an IR-reflective coating or an IR-reflective film, positioned on the outside of the photovoltaic component, reflects IR radiation and prevents it from reaching the photovoltaic component. Otherwise, the IR radiation would be at least partially absorbed by the photovoltaic component, leading to heating of the component and potentially reducing its efficiency in generating electrical energy.

[0095] In one embodiment of the invention, the IR reflective film is not completely transparent to visible light, with the light transmission being in the range of 30% to 90%.

[0096] In one embodiment of the invention, the light transmission of the IR reflective film is at least 60%, preferably at least 65%, particularly preferably at least 70%, and most preferably at least 75% or at least 80%. This ensures sufficient generation of electrical energy by the photovoltaic component, sufficient reflection of IR radiation by the IR reflective film, and sufficient reflection of visible light by the switchable mirror element, thus effectively reducing energy input into the interior. Additionally or alternatively, the light transmission of the IR reflective film is at most 85%, preferably at most 80%, particularly preferably at most 77.5%, and most preferably at most 75% or at most 70%. It has been shown that external light reflections are effectively reduced when the light transmission of the IR reflective film is within the specified range.

[0097] A portion of the visible light is absorbed by the IR reflective film, thus preventing external light reflections caused by the visible light reflected from the mirror element. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0098] 20

[0099] Light is caused and suppressed more effectively than by the photovoltaic component alone.

[0100] At the same time, however, the IR reflective film should not absorb too much light, because the absorbed energy is not available for energy generation by the photovoltaic component and, unlike the light reflected by the mirror element, leads to heating of the glass. This generates additional energy input into the interior. The specified range for the light transmission of the IR reflective film represents a good compromise, ensuring sufficient light reflection by the mirror element to reduce energy input into the interior, sufficient electrical energy generation by the photovoltaic component, and sufficient light absorption to reduce external reflections.

[0101] The fact that visible light passes through the photovoltaic component and the IR reflective film twice—once before reflection by the mirror element from the outside towards the interior, and once after reflection by the mirror element from the inside towards the outside—enhances the reflection-reducing effect of the photovoltaic component and the IR-reflective film. This reduces external light reflections, which can be distracting for other road users. As a positive side effect, the reduction in light reflections improves the vehicle's external appearance.

[0102] IR reflective films are commercially available. The IR reflective film can, for example, be an XIR® film. The IR reflective film—especially if it is an XIR® film—can have at least a partially transparent carrier film, which acts as a substrate for a spectrally selective coating applied to one or both sides. The coating can, for example, contain metal and / or ceramic particles that reflect IR radiation. The at least partially transparent carrier film of the IR reflective film can, for example, be a PET film. Of course, the carrier film can also consist of other materials, especially plastics.

[0103] As mentioned at the beginning, in accordance with the state of the art, an IR-reflective coating is frequently used in laminated glass units, which is applied, for example, to the inner surface of the outer pane. If black printing is also required on this same surface of the outer pane, one option is to use a special SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0104] 21

[0105] Pretreatment of the IR-reflective coating or the pane is necessary to prevent the IR-reflective coating from reacting with the applied black print. This required pretreatment, which can be achieved, for example, by removing the IR-reflective coating (also called stripping) and then printing and drying the black print, represents an additional, complex, and difficult-to-control process step in the production of a laminated pane, making the production of such a laminated pane complex and expensive.

[0106] In other embodiments, a special black ink is used, which is formed from a printing ink that has corrosive properties towards the IR-reflective coating. However, this pretreatment weakens the structure of the disc, negatively impacting the stability and durability of the laminated disc and limiting the achievable bending geometries. Furthermore, the temperature during the application of the black ink must be kept within tight limits, complicating the manufacturing process of the laminated disc.

[0107] The printing ink with decomposing properties preferably contains at least one pigment and glass frits suspended in a liquid phase. The decomposing properties of the printing ink towards the IR-reflective coating can be achieved by the appropriate selection of the glass frits. These are preferably based on bismuth-zinc borate. To achieve the decomposing properties, the bismuth content and / or the boron content is preferably higher than in conventional glass frits. In a further embodiment, a black print made from a decomposing printing ink, known from WO 2014 / 133929 A2, can also be used.

[0108] Regardless of how the black print is specifically applied, simultaneously providing a black print and an IR-reflective coating in a composite disc is therefore associated with significant disadvantages.

[0109] If an IR reflective film is used in a laminated glass pane instead of an IR-reflective coating to reflect IR radiation, these disadvantages can be avoided. The IR reflective film can be attached to the outer pane, the photovoltaic component, and / or the mirror element, for example, by means of a thermoplastic interlayer. This simplifies the manufacturing process and also increases the durability of the SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0110] 22

[0111] The laminated glass is improved because the structure of the outer pane is not weakened by a black print that dissolves the coating.

[0112] In one embodiment of the invention, the IR reflective film is arranged between the mirror element and the outer pane. Consequently, the IR reflective film is positioned on the outside facing the mirror element and on the inside facing the outer pane. This arrangement protects the IR reflective film from weathering and mechanical wear, resulting in a longer service life for the IR reflective film. This also improves the overall durability of the laminated glass. Preferably, the IR reflective film is positioned on the outside facing the photovoltaic component, thus protecting the photovoltaic component from incoming IR radiation from the outside.

[0113] In one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic component is firmly bonded to the IR reflective film by means of a thermoplastic intermediate layer. This thermoplastic intermediate layer allows for particularly precise positioning of the IR reflective film relative to the photovoltaic component.

[0114] Preferably, the IR reflective film is embedded between two thermoplastic interlayers, such that one thermoplastic interlayer faces the IR reflective film on the inside and the other faces the IR reflective film on the outside. This makes it particularly easy to integrate the IR reflective film into the laminated glass unit, for example by lamination.

[0115] The panes of the laminated glass unit (outer pane and / or inner pane) can, in principle, have any chemical composition known to a person skilled in the art. The two panes preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or aluminosilicate glass. It is also conceivable that the two panes contain or consist of a clear plastic, preferably a rigid clear plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and / or mixtures thereof.

[0116] In one embodiment of the invention, the laminated pane contains or consists of glass. The thickness of each individual pane of the laminated pane can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the specific case. Preferably, panes with the standard thicknesses of SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT are used.

[0117] 23

[0118] The thicknesses used range from 0.5 mm to 25 mm, and preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. The size of the discs can vary widely depending on their application. The composite disc can have any three-dimensional shape and be planar or curved in one or more directions.

[0119] The two panes of the laminated glass are firmly bonded together by at least one thermoplastic interlayer, which is formed by laminating the two panes with one or more adhesive films. Each adhesive film can contain or consist of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or mixtures, copolymers, or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The thickness of an adhesive film is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1 mm, for example, 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

[0120] For laminating the composite disc, known methods for laminating composite discs can be used. Vacuum lamination is particularly well-known and common, in which lamination takes place in a heated and evacuated chamber within approximately 60 minutes at a reduced pressure of, for example, 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of, for example, 80°C to 170°C. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes operate, for example, at approximately 200 mbar and, for example, 130°C to 145°C. In roller lamination, the disc is pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers or a single roller and a solid base. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. This is well-known in the field, so it does not need to be discussed in detail here. Lamination of the composite disc in an autoclave under overpressure conditions is also possible.

[0121] The invention also extends to the use of the composite pane according to the invention in buildings or in means of transport for travel on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a roof pane, rear window and / or side window. Preferably, the composite pane according to the invention is curved in at least one spatial direction, and more preferably in two spatial directions.

[0122] The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and explained below are not only available in the combinations specified, but also in other SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0123] 24

[0124] Can be used in combinations or on their own without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0125] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying figures. These show, in simplified form and not to scale:

[0126] Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the composite disc according to the invention.

[0127] Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the composite disc according to the invention, and

[0128] Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the composite disc according to the invention.

[0129] The figures illustrate various embodiments of the composite disk according to the invention, which is collectively designated by the reference numeral 1. To improve readability, similar or identical elements of a composite disk 1 are numbered with the same reference numerals, regardless of the embodiment to which the elements are assigned.

[0130] Let us first consider Figure 1. Figure 1 illustrates, by means of a schematic cross-sectional view, a first embodiment of the composite pane 1, which is intended to be inserted into an opening of a motor vehicle or building, where it separates an interior space INT from an exterior space AMB. The composite pane 1 is, for example, the roof pane of a motor vehicle.

[0131] The laminated glass pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3, which are rigidly bonded together by four thermoplastic interlayers 4, 4', 4", 4''. The outer pane 2 has a surface I facing the outside AMB and a surface II facing the inside INT. Similarly, the inner pane 3 has a surface III facing the outside AMB and a surface IV facing the inside INT. The outer surface I of the outer pane 2 and the inner surface IV of the inner pane 3 are the exposed surfaces of the laminated glass pane 1, where SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0132] 25. Surface I, in its installed position, faces the external environment / the outside space AMB, and surface IV faces the interior INT of the vehicle or building. The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are, for example, panes of soda-lime glass, each with a thickness of 2.1 mm. Preferably, the outer pane 2 is not tinted. The intermediate layers 4, 4', 4", 4'' are, for example, formed by films of polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

[0133] The laminated glass pane 1 contains an electrically switchable mirror element between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3. This mirror element is in the form of an electrically switchable functional film 6 based on liquid crystals, which can be switched to a non-reflective or a reflective state by applying a suitable operating voltage. Preferably, the electrically switchable functional film 6 is in a reflective state in its initial state and can be switched to a non-reflective state by applying a suitable operating voltage.The electrically switchable functional film 6 allows the laminated glass 1 to be divided, at least conceptually, into an outer, first area 7 and an inner, second area 8, with the outer area 7 being located on the side of the electrically switchable functional film 6 facing the outside space AMB and the inner area 8 being located on the side of the electrically switchable functional film 6 facing the interior space INT.

[0134] The electrically switchable functional film 6 is embedded between the two thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', and is additionally surrounded by a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4" in the manner of a passe-partout or frame. For this purpose, the electrically switchable functional film 6 is inserted into an opening or perforation in the surrounding intermediate layer 4" (intermediate film). It is understood that the thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', 4" fuse together during lamination. These are provided in film form prior to lamination in the usual manner. The electrically switchable functional film 6 has two connecting electrodes (busbars) 10 through which an operating voltage can be applied to switch the functional film 6.

[0135] The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is located in the outer region 7, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4' in the inner region 8. Between the electrically switchable functional film 6 and the material of the thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', 4" is sealing material 11, which prevents diffusion processes.

[0136] The switchable mirror element, designed here as functional film 6, is configured to reflect incident light in the visible wavelength range while in its reflective state. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0137] 26

[0138] This prevents light from the outside space 6 striking the composite pane 1 from entering the interior space INT.

[0139] The composite disc 1 also includes a photovoltaic component 16 in the form of a photovoltaic film, which has a plurality of photovoltaic cells 16.1. The photovoltaic cells 16.1 are supported by a carrier film 16.2. They are arranged in a common plane of the composite disc 1. Consequently, the photovoltaic cells 16.1 are spaced approximately equidistant from the inner disc 3 and the outer disc 2 of the composite disc 1.

[0140] The photovoltaic component 16 is arranged in the outer region 7, i.e., on the outside of the functional film 6, between the functional film 6 and the outer pane 2. The photovoltaic component 16, more precisely the carrier film 16.2 of the photovoltaic component 16, is arranged between two thermoplastic intermediate layers 4"' and 4, so that the photovoltaic cells 16.1 are held in position and mechanically stabilized. As explained in connection with Figure 3, however, the invention also encompasses the possibility of arranging the photovoltaic cells 16.1 directly between two thermoplastic intermediate layers of the composite pane 1 without a carrier film 16.2.

[0141] Because the light reflected by the mirror element passes through the photovoltaic component 16 both before and after reflection, and the photovoltaic component 16 absorbs a certain proportion of the light, external light reflections are reduced. This at least partially eliminates a potential source of disturbance for people in the outdoor area of ​​AMB.

[0142] The photovoltaic cells 16.1 are arranged – viewed in the plane of the composite disk 1 – at such a distance from each other that a cell gap 17 is formed between the cells 16.1. This allows the inherently rigid photovoltaic cells 16.1, which are sensitive to bending stresses, to compensate for any bending of the composite disk 1 through relative movement. This reduces the bending stress prevailing in the individual photovoltaic cells 16.1 and improves the durability of the composite disk 1.

[0143] The photovoltaic cells 16.1 of the photovoltaic component 16 have a light transmission of at least 10%, but preferably a higher light transmission of at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40% or at least 50%. Thus, not all of the light directed at the SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0144] 27 Photovoltaic component 16: Light incident on the photovoltaic component 16 is absorbed and converted into electrical energy. Rather, a certain proportion of the incident light passes through the photovoltaic component 16 and is thus available to – depending on the switching state of the functional film 6 – enter the interior INT and illuminate it, or to be reflected by the functional film 6 and deflected towards the exterior AMB.

[0145] For example, in summer, when a high level of light would otherwise pass through the laminated glass 1 into the interior space INT, the functional film 6 can be switched to a reflective state, so that light incident on the functional film 6 is reflected and the energy input into the interior space INT is reduced. If less light is available to illuminate the interior space INT, such as in winter, the functional film 6 can be switched to a translucent state, so that after passing through the photovoltaic component 16, light also passes through the functional film 6 and enters the interior space INT.

[0146] Regardless of the switching state of the functional film 6, a significant portion of the light is converted into electrical energy by the photovoltaic component 16, thus utilizing sunlight for power generation. A particularly advantageous synergistic effect is that light reflected from the functional film 6 passes through the photovoltaic component 16 a second time and is available for conversion into electrical energy, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the lighting and air conditioning of an interior space INT separated by the laminated glass pane 1.

[0147] Optionally, the laminated pane 1 can have an IR-reflective coating 9 on the inner surface II of the outer pane 2, which is, for example, silver-based. Areas without coating or other coatings are possible to allow the transmission of radio signals. The IR-reflective coating 9 ensures that as much of the IR radiation incident on the laminated pane 1 as possible is reflected, in order to prevent absorption of the IR radiation by the photovoltaic component 16 and the associated heating of the photovoltaic component 16.

[0148] An optional emissivity-reducing coating 5 (low-E coating) is applied to the exposed, interior-facing surface IV of the inner pane 3. The emissivity-reducing coating 5 improves thermal comfort in the interior. INT, SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0149] 28 by reflecting heat radiation from the pane and portions of solar radiation at high outside temperatures, and by reducing the cooling of the interior INT at low outside temperatures. The emissivity-reducing coating 5 is based, for example, on ITO.

[0150] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the inner region 8 of the composite pane 1 is configured such that the composite pane 1 has a light transmission of a maximum of 70% in the second, inner region 8. Preferably, the light transmission in the inner region 8 is lower than the light transmission in the outer region 7. One way to achieve the low light transmission in the inner region 8 is to tint the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4' in the inner region 8 to a correspondingly high degree. The thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4''' in the outer region 7, on the other hand, are either untinted (clear) or have at least a lower tint than the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4' in the inner region 8. It would also be possible for the inner pane 3 to have a corresponding tint, either additionally or alternatively. The outer pane 2 is clear and has no tint.

[0151] The composite disc 1 is further provided in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 with a black print 12 on the interior surface II of the outer disc 2, by which underlying connections, sealing material 11 and the like are concealed.

[0152] Figure 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the composite disk 1 according to the invention by means of a schematic cross-sectional view. To avoid unnecessary repetition, only the differences from the first embodiment explained in connection with Figure 1 are described; otherwise, reference is made to the explanations above. The same procedure is applied to the description of Figure 3.

[0153] The composite pane 1 shown in Figure 2 comprises an IR reflective film 15 (also called IR-reflective film 15) instead of the IR-reflective coating 9 shown in Figure 1. A combination of IR-reflective coating 9 and IR reflective film 15 is not shown, but is encompassed by the invention. The IR reflective film 15 is arranged in the outer region 7, i.e., on the outside of the functional film 6 and on the outside of the photovoltaic component 16, but on the inside of the outer pane 2. The IR reflective film 15 is arranged between two thermoplastic intermediate layers 4"' and 4"". The IR reflective film 15 reflects IR radiation incident on the composite pane 1 from the outside AMB, so that it is reflected upon impact with the photovoltaic component 16, at the entrance to the SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0154] 29 inner area 8 of the composite glass 1 or into the interior INT of the vehicle or building is prevented.

[0155] In combination, the switchable mirror element reduces the entry of visible light into the interior space INT, while the IR reflective film 15 reduces the entry of IR radiation into the interior space INT. This reduces the energy introduced into the interior space INT by solar radiation and light. Consequently, the energy required to cool the interior space INT during periods of high outside temperatures and strong sunlight is also reduced.

[0156] The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4"" structurally separates the outer pane 2, or the black print 12 attached to it, and the IR reflective film 15. This offers the advantage that, if the laminated pane 1 only has an IR reflective film 15 and no IR-reflective coating 9, the manufacturing of the laminated pane 1 is simplified, since no additional manufacturing steps for pretreating the outer pane 2 are required when applying the black print 12.

[0157] The IR reflective foil 15 can have multiple foil segments (not shown). In this case, the foil segments can be enclosed by the intermediate layers 4"' and 4"'', thus fixing their position within the laminated sheet 1. A segmented application and arrangement of the IR reflective foil 15 offers the advantage of reducing the overall consumption of IR-reflective foil 15 compared to a full-surface application. Furthermore, it allows for the definition of zones within the laminated sheet 1 where the laminated sheet 1 exhibits IR-reflective properties, and other zones that are transparent to IR radiation, for example, to allow the transmission of radio signals. The same applies to the local adjustment of the transmission of the laminated sheet 1.

[0158] Figure 3 illustrates a third embodiment of the composite disc 1 according to the invention by means of a schematic cross-sectional view.

[0159] Instead of the electrically switchable functional film 6, an electrically switchable functional coating 13 of the inner pane 3 is provided in this embodiment. The electrically switchable functional coating 13 is deposited on the surface III of the inner pane 3 facing the outer space AMB, for example by sputtering. Between the electrically SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0160] Between the electrically switchable functional coating 13 and the inner disk 3, there is a transmission-reducing coating 14, which is based, for example, on titanium nitride and / or titanium carbide or is an amorphous carbon layer. During manufacturing, the transmission-reducing coating 14 is first deposited on the surface III of the inner disk 3 facing the outer space AMB, for example by sputtering, followed by the deposition of the electrically switchable functional coating 13 onto the transmission-reducing coating 14, for example by sputtering. Analogous to the electrically switchable functional film 6, the electrically switchable functional coating 13 can be switched to a non-reflective or a light-reflecting state by applying a suitable operating voltage.

[0161] In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are connected to each other only by a clear (untinted) intermediate layer 4 and a clear (untinted) intermediate layer 4''. A plurality of photovoltaic cells 16.1 are arranged between the two intermediate layers 4 and 4''.

[0162] The photovoltaic cells 16.1 are therefore arranged directly between the thermoplastic layers 4 and 4''', which reduces the overall thickness of the composite disc 1 by eliminating the need for an additional carrier film 16.2.

[0163] The laminated pane 1 has a maximum light transmission of 70% in the inner area 8. This is achieved by the transmission-reducing coating 14. Alternatively or additionally, the inner pane 3 can have a corresponding tint.

[0164] The composite pane 1 of the illustrated embodiments can be brought into a state with light-reflecting properties, such that a relatively large proportion of the incident sunlight is reflected. Undesired interior reflections can be avoided by the significant reduction in transmission in the inner area 8. Exterior reflections are reduced by the transmission reduction provided by the IR-reflecting film 15 and / or the at least one (semi-)transparent photovoltaic component 16. The total heat gain from radiation in the visible and non-visible wavelength range (TTS) of the composite pane 1 can, for example, be approximately 6%, which corresponds to a reduction of approximately 50% compared to conventional roof windows. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0165] 31

[0166] The electrically switchable functional film 6 and the electrically switchable functional coating 13 can be segmented. This simplifies the production of the composite disc 1, improves the mechanical stability, and allows for simpler cable routing when connecting the mirror element segments of the switchable functional film 6 and the electrically switchable functional coating 13.

[0167] From the above explanations, it follows that the invention provides a novel composite disc 1 which reduces the energy input into the interior INT of a motor vehicle or building through strong reflection of visible light and also reduces adverse effects with regard to interior and exterior reflections.

[0168] Furthermore, energy efficiency is improved when temperature-controlling an interior space (INT) separated by the composite panel 1. The composite panel 1 can be easily manufactured using standard industrial mass production methods. The composite panel 1 can be produced simply, cost-effectively, and with high quality.

[0169] SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT

[0170] 32

[0171] Reference symbol list

[0172] 1 composite disc

[0173] 2 Outer pane

[0174] 3 inner disc

[0175] 4, 4', 4", 4"' Intermediate layer

[0176] 5 emissivity-reducing coating

[0177] 6 Functional slide

[0178] 7 first outer area

[0179] 8 second inner area

[0180] 9 IR-reflective coating

[0181] 10 Connecting electrode

[0182] 11 Sealing material

[0183] 12 Black print

[0184] 13 Functional coating

[0185] 14 transmission-reducing coating

[0186] 15 IR reflective foil

[0187] 16 photovoltaic component

[0188] 16.1 photovoltaic cell

[0189] 16.2 Carrier film

[0190] 17 intercellular space

[0191] I Surface of the outer pane facing the outside AMB 2

[0192] II Surface of the outer pane facing the interior INT 2

[0193] III Surface of the inner pane facing the outside AMB 3

[0194] IV Surface of the inner pane facing the interior INT 3

[0195] INT Interior

[0196] AMB outdoor area

Claims

1. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT 33 Patent claims 1. Composite pane (1) for separating an interior space (INT) from an exterior space (AMB), comprising an outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3) which are firmly connected to each other by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4, 4', 4", 4"', 4""), wherein an electrically switchable mirror element (6, 13) is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3), wherein at least one photovoltaic component is arranged on the exterior side of the mirror element (6, 13). (16) is arranged and the photovoltaic component (16) has a light transmission of at least 10%, the photovoltaic component (16) comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells (16.1) which are electrically interconnected, wherein the photovoltaic cells (16.1) are arranged adjacent to one another and / or a cell space (17) is formed between adjacent photovoltaic cells (16.1).

2. Composite disc (1) according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic component (16) comprises a carrier film (16.2) and a plurality of photovoltaic cells (16.1) supported by the carrier film (16.2).

3. Composite disc (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic cells (16.1) are bifacial photovoltaic cells.

4. Composite disc (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the light transmission of the photovoltaic component (16) is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 40%, and / or the light transmission of the photovoltaic component (16) is at most 90%, preferably at most 80%, particularly preferably at most 70%, and most preferably at most 60% or 50%.

5. Composite disc (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) is arranged between the electrically switchable mirror element (6,13) and the photovoltaic component (16), which firmly connects the electrically switchable mirror element (6,13) and the photovoltaic component (16). SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT 34 6. Composite pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the composite pane (1) is designed such that it has a light transmission of at most 70%, preferably at most 50%, particularly preferably at most 30%, and most preferably at most 10% in an inner area (8) of the composite pane (1) on the side of the mirror element (6, 13) facing the interior (INT).

7. Composite disc (1) according to claim 6, which has in the inner area (8) a tinted inner disc (3), a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer (4') and / or a transmission-reducing coating (14).

8. Composite disc (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic component (16) has a plurality of colored photovoltaic cells (16.1) and a color compensation layer is formed on the side of the mirror element (6, 13) facing the interior (INT).

9. Composite disc (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the incident light is reflectable by means of the electrically switchable mirror element (6, 13).

10. Composite disc (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrically switchable mirror element (6, 13) is an electrically switchable functional film (6) which can be switched to a non-light-reflecting state or to a light-reflecting state.

11. Composite disc (1) according to claim 10, wherein the electrically switchable functional film (6) is arranged between an outer-side thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and an inner-side thermoplastic intermediate layer (4'), wherein the inner-side thermoplastic intermediate layer (4') has a tint.

12. Composite disc (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electrically switchable mirror element (6, 13) is an electrically switchable functional coating (13) which can be switched to a non-light-reflecting state or to a light-reflecting state. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024293-WO-PCT 35 13. Composite pane (1) according to claim 12, wherein a transmission-reducing coating (14) is applied to the inner side of the electrically switchable functional coating (13).

14. Composite pane (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) each have a surface facing the outside (AMB) and a surface facing the interior (INT), wherein an emissivity-reducing coating (5) is applied to the surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) facing the interior (INT) and / or an IR-reflecting coating (9) is applied to the surface (II) of the outer pane (2) facing the interior (INT) and / or an IR-reflective film (14) is arranged on the outside side facing the photovoltaic component (16).

15. Use of the composite pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims in buildings or in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a roof pane, rear window and / or side window, wherein the composite pane (1) is preferably curved in at least one spatial direction.

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