New construction system for making deployable housing modules and modular buildings

Abstract

The invention is a construction system for making housing modules, comprising a pitched roof or covering, particularly configured with an integrated ridge element (112) constrained to one of the two sloping parts. The present invention also concerns a method for building housing modules without the aid of scaffolding.

Description

[0001] NEW CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR MAKING DEPLOYABLE HOUSING

[0002] MODULES AND MODULAR BUILDINGS

[0003] DESCRIPTION

[0004] The present patent concerns the field of deployable and modular buildings and in particular it concerns a new construction system for making deployable housing modules and modular buildings.

[0005] The same applicant is the holder of patents WO2012 / 147031 and 102019000007114, which concern deployable modular housing units.

[0006] The present invention introduces important innovations for the construction of buildings using the deployment technique; these innovations can be summed up as follows:

[0007] 1. breakdown of the module into finite elements that can be assembled together in various ways: base element, intermediate element (Figure 1), pitched roofing element (Figure 2) and flat roofing element (Figure 3);

[0008] 2. creation of specific modules according to their function: technical module (2) and surface extension module (2a) (Figures 4 / 5a);

[0009] 3. total airtightness of the structure and tightness to radon gas, where present, thanks to a new interlocking system for fixing the structural components (Figures 6, 7, 8). The building constructed in this way can be subjected to the Blower Door Test;

[0010] 4. exclusive technique for immediately placing the modules side by side with millimetric precision (Figures 9, ..., 13);

[0011] 5. use of brackets and hinges, some of which feature an exclusive design (Figures 16, . . . , 22a and Figure 29);

[0012] 6. possibility to place the modules side by side not only on the long side but also on the short side, which offers designers countless layout solutions (Figures 23a, 24a, 24b and 25);

[0013] 7. new design for the wall extension element in case the modules are delivered disassembled (Figures 27, ..., 30);

[0014] 8. deployment of the pitched roofing with pre-installed ridge, chimneys, any vent pipes, solar panels, sun tunnels or skylights (Figures 31, ..., 64). This technique can also be used to construct gable roofs in traditional buildings;

[0015] 9. new system for assembling internal walls (Figures 65, . . . , 79);

[0016] 10. adoption of a new technique for the deployment and external finishing of multistorey modules without scaffolding elements. This technique, limited to building units consisting of ground floor, first floor and roof, either flat or pitched, with an attic that in some cases can also be used as a living space, reduces activity in the building site and allows the finished work to be delivered in just a few days;

[0017] 11. organization of the production chain no longer by finished module but by type of finished element, whereby the composition of the module according to requirements is postponed to a later stage;

[0018] 12. greater flexibility in the composition of the load that must be transported and lifted;

[0019] 13. since the structure is self-supporting, possibility to install the modules on any type of foundation, be it a raft, screw, gabion, floating caisson foundation, or on stabilized and levelled ground;

[0020] 14. reversibility of the structural walls, an important factor for the economy and management of the warehouse, whereby stock can be reduced by 50%.

[0021] The present invention is intended to be used for the construction of deployable, anti-seismic, modular and passive structures built to the highest standards and 90% dry assembled in the factory according to strict quality control parameters.

[0022] The object of the present invention is to minimize, in terms of both time and costs, the impact of the construction of the plumbing, electrical and air conditioning systems. It has been found that concentrating more than 80% of these systems in a single module, hereinafter referred to as the technical module (2), is strategic for the above-mentioned purpose. Said module contains the bathroom with preinstalled sanitary ware and shower / bathtub, one side of the kitchen with its drainage system, a space suited to accommodate the washing machine and the dryer, any stairs for access to the upper floors and all the technology for managing the electrical and air conditioning systems, the production of domestic hot water and the electrical power supply for the building unit with solar panels, if any.

[0023] Consequently, in any building unit constructed using the deployment technique, regardless of its surface area, among the n surface extension modules (2a) there must be at least one technical module (2), which is the real engine of the house.

[0024] 1. Breakdown of the module into finite elements that can be assembled together in various ways

[0025] It is another object of the present patent to make it possible to break a technical module or a surface extension module down into elements, in such a way that they can be assembled both in the factory and at the site of installation, through simple fastening operations that can be carried out using common screwdrivers and spanners.

[0026] This innovation mainly results from the need to: offer designers and clients greater freedom in terms of composition / architectural aspects. The module is thus made up according to the required volumes;

[0027] • reduce the load to be moved within the building site, considering that, due to particular environmental restrictions, a machine for handling “heavy” loads is not always available in the installation area;

[0028] • organize the production chain no longer by finished module but by type of element (base, intermediate or roofing element - Figures 1, 2 and 3), thus postponing the composition of the module according to the supply order to a later stage. This choice ensures more accurate quality control, greater timeliness in the delivery of the product as well as significant savings in terms of finished product storage, which is organized no longer by preassembled modules but by elements to be assembled;

[0029] • greater flexibility in the preparation of the load to be transported, with a significant reduction in costs.

[0030] The fundamental units of the renewed construction system for deployable buildings are the following:

[0031] Figure 1 - base / intermediate element (la / la1), identical in terms of composition, with the variant, for the intermediate element, of a possible stairwell (l ie);

[0032] Figure 2 - pitched roofing element (lb), with the variant of a possible stairwell (1 le) in the case of a habitable attic;

[0033] Figure 3 - flat roofing element (1c).

[0034] Each element, dry assembled in the factory, is delivered completely finished according to standard production types or according to the customer's requirements; the systems are pre-tested in the factory.

[0035] The structural components of the base / intermediate element (Figure 1) are the following: a base plane or floor (11), two wall portions (20, 20'), two bellows- shaped extension elements (50, 50') or, alternatively, two extension elements (50a, 50a') - Figures 27, 28 and 30; the base plane or floor (11) is also present in the roofing element, whether pitched (lb) or flat (1c), while the walls (20, 20'), whose height varies according to the habitability of the attic, are present only in pitched roofs.

[0036] These elements are superimposed in the following order: base element, intermediate element / s (in the case of multiple floors) and roofing element make up a module. A module always consists of at least one base element (la) and one roofing element (Ib / lc).

[0037] 2. Creation of specific modules according to their function

[0038] It is another object of the present invention to create specific modules according to their function: technical module (2) and surface extension module (2a) (Figure 5). The former is always present in the composition of a deployable house: it is the heart of the house. The latter, as suggested by its name, is added, in one or more units, to increase the surface area of the building. The plant engineering component in these modules is modest. The connection of the electrical network and air conditioning system between two or more modules is obtained using connectors of the known type, which are always placed in an easily accessible position, preferably outside, like the drainage systems (Figure 5a).

[0039] Figure 4 shows a finished technical module (2) consisting of a base element (la), an intermediate element (la1) with a second bathroom and a folded roofing element (lb); Figure 4a shows the same module when deployed, with its sloping parts forming a 45° angle. 3. Airtightness of the structure

[0040] It is another object of the present invention to ensure that the finished structure is completely airtight and, in the affected areas, tight against radioactive radon gas. This object has been achieved by redesigning the structural components (floors, perimeter walls and sloping parts) so that they no longer have continuous cut edges and the joined parts making contact with each other but are milled / shaped so as to allow the parts to be joined by means of interlocking connections. The building constructed in this way can be subjected to the Blower Door Test.

[0041] In particular, the base plane or floor (11) has (Figure 6) a milled area (I lf and 11g) both on the entire long side (11b) and on the short side (1 la), the latter milled area being in a recessed position (d); said milled areas (I lf and 11g) are part of an interlocking connection system (Figures 7 and 8) between the base plane (11), the side walls (20) and the facade walls (100), which can be placed either on the outside of the long side (11b) of the base plane (11) (Figure 7) or flush with it (Figure 8), depending on design and / or production choices.

[0042] As a variant of the base plane (11), an intermediate element (la1) is placed on the vertical line of an underlying staircase. In this condition, the plane will be provided with a suitably sized hole (l ie) (Figure 6); the same applies to the base plane (11) of the roofing element (lb) (Figure 2) in the case of a habitable or in any case accessible attic.

[0043] 4. Immediate side-by-side alignment of the modules

[0044] It is another object of the present invention to be able to align or superimpose the modules or elements with millimetric precision, immediately and with no need for subsequent complex manoeuvres. This object has been achieved by forming (Figure 6) four cavities (l id) on the long sides (11b) of the base plane (11), in a position in which they do not interfere (Figure 1) with the extension elements (50, 50', 50a, 50a'), wherein the width and depth of said cavities (l id) is sufficient to allow the passage of a lifting strap (Figures 9 and 10). By sliding said straps (60) inside the cavities (l id), it is possible to position one element or module next to another, with millimetric precision, immediately (Figures 11 and 12) and with no need for subsequent demanding manoeuvres, and then to quickly remove the straps used to move the module or single element.

[0045] This operation can only be carried out if the underside of the base plane (11) is not in direct contact with a surface, that is, only in the case of screw foundations, gabion foundations or, in any case (Figure 11), foundations resting on root beams (62); in the case where (Figure 13) the base plane (11) rests on a slab (63), a double recess (61) of limited width and depth - but sufficient to allow the straps (60) to slide inside it -must be created during the casting step.

[0046] As already mentioned, the object of the present invention is to use the deployment technique to build a modular and passive house, even with multiple floors, which, as such, can be subjected to the Blower Door Test.

[0047] To this end, special attention has also been paid to the redesign of the vertical walls, which are shaped in such a way as to ensure total airtightness (Figure 14). Said walls, consisting of the wall portions (20 and 20') and the extension elements (50, 50') or (50a, 50a'), have a milled area (20b and 20c) along the entire length of their short sides (20a), visible for example in Figures 14 and 15, one facing inwards and the other facing outwards. Once the modules have been placed side by side and deployed, a recess (Figures 11 and 12) will be created at the point of contact between said walls, where a pillar (155) made of wood or steel will be inserted and firmly fixed in order to provide additional stiffness to the structure; other examples are shown in Figures 92, 92a, 96, 96a and 106, 106a, 113, 114.

[0048] Two milled areas (20e) are present also on the long sides (20d), in a recessed position with respect to the sides (20a) and as long as the brackets (3, 4b) and the hinges (4), while their depth is equal to the thickness (s) of the latter. The brackets and hinges will be sized in such a way as to leave a distance (dd) between them (Figures 14 and 15), said distance (dd) being sufficient to create a gap for connecting a base element or an intermediate element to another adjacent element.

[0049] The wall (20) and the wall (20') shown in Figure 14a are identical in shape and size; during installation, one is rotated by 180° on the major axis with respect to the other. Figure 15 shows the same wall (20) shown in Figure 14 but with the milled areas on the short sides (20a) facing the same direction; also in this case, the wall (20) and the wall (20') are identical but one is rotated by 180° on the minor axis with respect to the other.

[0050] The wall shown in Figure 14 is used for assembling the elements that make up a head / tail module (Figure 14a); the wall shown in Figure 15, instead, is used for assembling the elements of a module placed between other modules (Figure 15a).

[0051] 5. Brackets and hinges

[0052] Another aspect of the present patent is the design of simple brackets and hinges suited to be used to secure and rotate the fixed and movable components of the modules and to ensure perfect airtightness.

[0053] Figure 16 shows the position of the brackets used to fix the walls (20 and 20') to the base plane (11).

[0054] Specifically, said brackets are available in three variants (Figures 17, 18 and 19). A) The first (3) (Figure 17) is a bracket made according to the known art, formed from press-bent U-shaped sheet metal with an adequate number of holes on the wings (30) and on the bottom (31). Said bracket (Figure 16) is intended to be fixed to the base plane (11) in the appropriate milled area (11g), in a recessed position (d1) with respect to the edge (11b) and aligned with the corresponding milled area (20e) on the wall (20 and 20'). Said bracket is suitable for use on modules preferably made up of a base element and a roofing element, that is, in a situation where the risk of significant tearing during the deployment of the elements is reduced.

[0055] B) The second bracket (3a) (Figure 18) is intended to be used on modules made up of one or more intermediate elements, considering that, given the greater mass to be moved and depending on the skill of the crane operator, there is a higher risk of tearing during deployment. This bracket, which is identical in shape to the first bracket (3) (Figure 17), is provided (Figures 18 and 18a) with some threaded bars (32) welded or screwed within the thickness of the base (31), whose diameter is suitable for their function and whose length exceeds the thickness (si 1) of the base plane (11) and is sufficient to allow, on the underside of the base plane (11), the locking - with a nut (34) - of a counterplate (33) and, if provided, of a thin and flexible separator element (35).

[0056] C) The third bracket (3b) (Figures 19 and 19a), identical in shape to the second bracket (3a), is used to fix the walls (20 and 20') to a base plane (11) of an intermediate element (la1) or roofing element (lb, 1c). Said bracket does not require a counterplate (33), since the threaded bars (32), passing through the underlying wing of the hinge (4a), are fixed to it with nuts (34).

[0057] Figure 20 shows the position of the hinges, whose function is:

[0058] A) to connect the following with the hinges (4) (Figures 21, 21a, 21b, 21c): the walls (20 and 20') to the wall extension element (50, 50'), a rotation angle of 90° being allowed; the two wall portions (50, 51 and 50', 51') that make up the wall extension elements (5, 5'), a rotation of 180° being allowed;

[0059] B) to connect the following with the hinges (4a) (Figures 22, 22a, 22b):

[0060] - the wall portions (51, 51') that make up the wall extension elements (5, 5') to the underside of the base plane (11) of an intermediate element (la1) or roofing element (lb, 1c);

[0061] - the wall portions (50a, 50a') to the underside of the base plane (11) of an intermediate element (la1) or roofing element (lb, 1c).

[0062] Said hinges are all equipped with a removable pin (44) (Figure 21a) with a locking pin (45) and corresponding split pin (46).

[0063] The hinge (4), Figures 21 and 21a, has wings (a) with a C-shaped profile and a suitable number of holes for fixing; threaded bar stubs (43) are welded / screwed to the sides (42) of the C-shaped profile, the length of said threaded bar stubs (43) being sufficient for the insertion, once the base or intermediate element has been fully deployed, of a plate (47) that serves to lock the hinge once the nuts (48) (Figures 21b and 21c) have been screwed.

[0064] Figure 22 shows the hinge (4a) used to connect the wall extension element (51, 51', 50a, 50a') to the underside of the base plane (11) of an intermediate element (la1) or roofing element (lb, 1c). Said hinge has a wing (a) with a C-shaped profile identical to that of the previous hinge (4) and a wing (b) with a flat profile and an edge (49) whose thickness is sufficient to keep the two wings of the hinge in a parallel position when the hinge is closed (Figure 22a), also compensating for the thickness of the nut (34) (Figure 19a) present inside them; neoprene or rubber gaskets (49a) are glued to the outer surface (41) of the wing (a) along the entire length of the hinge.

[0065] The wall extension elements (5, 5') (Figure 23) as well as the base plane (11) and the walls (20 and 20') are structural components of the construction system that is the subject of the present invention. Said elements consist of two identical wall portions (50 and 51 / 50' and 51') provided with the same milled areas present on the walls (20 and 20') (Figure 25) in terms of both shape and position. The length of each wall portion is equal to the length of the side (1 la) of the base plane, while its width (h2) varies according to the useful internal height of the rooms of the building to be constructed (Figure 26). The same module may have different heights between floors.

[0066] Alternatively, said extension elements can be replaced with the elements 50a, 50a' shown in Figures 27, 28 and 30.

[0067] 6. Side-by-side modules in length and width

[0068] It is another object of the present invention to allow the modules to be placed side- by-side quickly and functionally, not only widthwise but also lengthwise.

[0069] The wall extension element (5, 5') shown in Figure 23 is used in the case of modules placed side by side widthwise (Figure 23a); the wall extension element (5a, 5a') shown in Figure 24, instead, is used for creating a window or when modules placed side by side lengthwise / depthwise (Figure 24a) are to be connected by means of a door opening. Obviously, combinations are also possible where three modules are placed side by side both widthwise and lengthwise (Figure 24b).

[0070] The length of the wall portion (500 / 511) shown in Figure 24 is equal to the length of the side (1 la) of the base plane (Figure 25) minus the width of the opening (dd) to be created, divided by two.

[0071] All combinations are also feasible when using the extension elements 50a and 50a' with a similar process.

[0072] Figure 25 shows the possible combinations of the side walls of the base element (la) and the intermediate element (la1): blind (6), with window opening (6a), with access opening (6b). There are therefore countless solutions in terms of type, dimensions and architectural structure, resulting from the free combination of multiple modules that can be placed adjacent to each other on all sides.

[0073] The width (h2) of said wall portions (Figure 26), once the useful height (H) of the space has been defined, is given by the formula h2=(H+sp+sc-hl) / 2, where: (sp) is the thickness of the floor measured from the extrados of the base plane (11) to the level of the finished floor, (sc) is the thickness of any false ceiling measured from the intrados of the base plane (11) to the edge of the finished ceiling, and (hl) is the height of the wall (20 / 20'). The maximum width (h2) of a portion of wall (50, 51 / 50', 51') is equal to half the distance (L) between the two walls (20 and 20').

[0074] 7. Disassembled modules

[0075] It is another object of the present invention to provide a solution that can be adopted in the event that, for various reasons (transport optimization, handling difficulties at the installation site, inability to find a material lifting machine with adequate capacity on site), it is not possible to deliver the modules already assembled and it is therefore necessary to opt for separate delivery of the various elements (base element, intermediate element / s, roofing element). The solution is the replacement of the wall extension element (5, 5') shown in Figure 23 with the extension elements (50a, 50a') shown in Figures 27, 28 and 30; said elements are identical to the walls (5, 5') in terms of shape and length but their width is equal to the sum of the widths of the wall portions 50+51 and 50'+51', that is, equal to 2b (Figure 26).

[0076] These extension elements (50a, 50a') are hinged to the extrados of the base plane (11) of the intermediate or roofing element by means of the hinges (4a) (Figure 22).

[0077] When joining the intermediate element (la1) to the base element (la) or the roofing element (lb) to an intermediate element (la1), the wall portions (50a, 50a') are released and brought into a vertical position, so that they can be inserted and fixed onto the H-shaped brackets (4b) (Figure 29) made according to the known art and already installed on the vertical walls (20, 20') Figure 30.

[0078] The use of the wall portions (50a, 50a') makes it still possible to place the modules side by side along their length / depth (Figures 24a / 24c), allowing a hole to be made for a window (6a) or a door (6b) (Figure 25).

[0079] 8. Deployable pitched roof, complete in all its parts

[0080] It is another object of the present invention to construct, in the factory, a deployable roofing system with two sloping parts, finished in all its parts with preinstalled ridge, gutters, any ventilation or smoke release pipes, solar panels, skylights or sun tunnels, etc.

[0081] Said roofing system offers several possibilities for use. It can be hinged to the roofing element shown in Figure 2, made with the same components as the base or intermediate module, meaning: a base plane (11) with or without a hole (l ie), two vertical walls (20, 20') whose height varies according to the habitability of the attic; in this case, the plane of a first sloping part (1 Ih) will be hinged to one of the two vertical walls (20, 20'), while the plane of the second sloping part (Hi), which is shorter, will be hinged to the plane of the first sloping part (1 Ih) on the ridge side. The shorter length of the sloping part (1 li) is compensated for by creating a "supporting foot" (HL) of suitable size on the wall (20 or 20') without hinges. The sloping part (1 li) is fixed to the vertical wall (20 or 20') by means of brackets (11m) made according to the known art.

[0082] It can be fixed to the vertical walls (20, 20') after it has been deployed on site (Figure 44). In this case, the sloping parts have the same length and therefore it is not necessary to provide a "supporting foot" (1 IL).

[0083] It can also be used in conventional building construction (Figures 55, ..., 58).

[0084] The construction technique for this roofing system is the same, regardless of whether the sloping parts are hinged to the structure or rest on it.

[0085] On production, the following can vary (Figure 31): the distance between the supports (D), in the case of roofs for conventional building construction; the overall length of the roof, in the case of roofs for conventional building construction; the pitch of the sloping parts (in the example, the pitch of the sloping parts is 30°); the type of finish (in the example, the finish is corrugated sheet metal); whether the roof is ventilated or not (in the example, the roof is ventilated); whether the tie rods are fixed or not (in the example, the tie rods are preinstalled); the exact location of any ventilation or smoke release pipes with an outlet already provided on the ridge; the type of material and the thickness of the insulating panels required by the climate zone where installation will take place; the exact position of any skylights, sun tunnels and / or solar or photovoltaic panels.

[0086] This roofing system, obviously created for the purpose of deployment according to the subject of the present patent, can be used (Figure 31) on any type of building, including, but not limited to, brick (Ml), laminated wood or frame (M2), etc.

[0087] For reasons related to the cost, the width of a roof element, Figure 33 (101c), is preferably limited according to its transportability by road as an ordinary load or an exceptional load that can be transported without assistance (pursuant to the regulations in force in the country of destination). However, the possibility to manufacture wider roof elements is not excluded.

[0088] The type of finish for the sloping parts will be from a range of products selected by the manufacturer or chosen by the customer; the only condition is that the finishing product must be able to be securely fixed to the structure of the sloping parts. The sloping parts may also have a bent tile finish, in which case they are delivered without finish but waterproofed and ready to accommodate the bent tiles, which will obviously be laid after their complete installation.

[0089] For the deployment of a roofing element (Figure 2) or of the individual sloping parts (Figure 32), a material lifting machine, a lifting arm with 4 or 2 attachment points and a rope pulling system are required.

[0090] In the case of use in conventional building construction, once the roof elements have been placed side by side, any remaining uncovered roof surface will be covered by means of an adaptable element with customizable width.

[0091] The sloping parts can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical.

[0092] This construction system allows for the installation of a lifeline kit (fall protection system) once the roofing elements have been placed side by side.

[0093] The sloping parts (Figure 32) are delivered folded to the installation site, already finished in all their parts with pre-installed ridge (112) and, upon request, the gutters (110) and any ventilation and / or smoke release pipes (115a), solar panels (118), etc.

[0094] If the sloping parts are delivered already deployed, Figure 93b, and ready for installation, the ridge hinges, Figure 39 (114a, 114b), can be replaced by brackets made according to the known art or by screws.

[0095] The innovative elements of this construction system can be found not so much in the layers making up the sloping parts, which is developed according to the known art, but rather: in the design of the structural element of the sloping part, Figure 33 (101), preferably made of laminated wood or a frame having, on the sides (101a and 101b) opposite the ridge and the gutter, milled areas with a chamfer (I l la) near the attachment of the ridge element (101c), suited to allow the passage of the lifting strap when a lifting arm with 2 attachment points is used to move the sloping parts, and thus ensuring side-by-side contact; in the reduced volume during transport, as the pre-assembled sloping parts are folded and can be transported either vertically (Figure 50) or horizontally, and in the latter case also stacked (Figure 54); in the ridge element (112), Figures 31, 32 and 35, permanently fixed to the structural element (101) of the sloping part by means of brackets (113) of the known type; in the possibility to insert, within the thickness of the sloping part, any ventilation or smoke release pipes (115), Figures 34 and 36, and their outlet (115a) through the ridge.

[0096] As already mentioned, said roof elements may also be ventilated (Figure 32) or non-ventilated (Figure 39), contain ventilation or smoke release pipes (115) within their structure, with an outlet (115a) already provided on the ridge, insulation of the required thickness (103) with, if necessary, the installation of tie rods, skylights or sun tunnels, as well as solar or photovoltaic panels (118) already connected together.

[0097] The ridge element (112) in Figure 34 can be pre-installed on either of the two sloping parts, according to the client's / designer's instructions; in the sloping part with pre-installed ridge element, the pipe section / s (115) suited to be used for venting smoke or vapours, with direct outlet through the ridge (115a), can be fixed within the thickness of the insulating panels (103). If it becomes necessary to insert an unplanned pipe for venting smoke or vapours (116) on said sloping part or on the sloping part without the ridge element, this can be done after placing two roof modules side by side in the recess (117) that has been formed.

[0098] Figures 35 and 36 show the layers that make up a ventilated sloping part with preinstalled ridge element:

[0099] 101 - sloping part supporting structure made of laminated wood or as a frame 102 - vapour barrier sheet

[0100] 103 - layer of insulating panels of the required type and thickness

[0101] 104 - retaining strip

[0102] 105 - breathable waterproof membrane

[0103] 106 - strip frame for ventilation

[0104] 107 - OSB or similar panel

[0105] 108 - gutter stop element

[0106] 109 - gutter support bracket

[0107] 110 - gutter

[0108] 111 - external finish

[0109] 112 - ridge element

[0110] 113 - bracket for attaching the ridge to the bearing structure of the sloping element

[0111] 114 - hinge system for folding and unfolding the sloping parts

[0112] 115 - pipe for venting smoke or vapours

[0113] 115a - vent pipe outlet through the ridge.

[0114] With reference to Figures 31 to 45, for example, the new roof comprises a pair of sloping parts A and B, hinged together at one of their sides, or ridge side, and designed to be arranged so that they are inclined and rest between two supports, which may be the vertical walls of an underlying module or two masonry walls made according to traditional construction methods.

[0115] Each sloping part A, B comprises at least one panel 101 (Figure 33). A ridge element 112, that is, an element that mainly extends longitudinally and is designed to define the ridge of the roof, is rigidly constrained to one side, or ridge side 101c, of said panel 101, for example by means of brackets 113 (Figure 35), its cross section (Figure 37) comprising: a first side 112a leaning against and constrained to said ridge side 101c of a sloping part A; a second side 112b, adjacent to said first side 112a, intended to lean against the ridge side 101c of the second sloping part B when the roof is correctly deployed; at least one third side 112c, 112d intended to face upwards, defining the upper surface of the ridge.

[0116] Said first and second sides 112a, 112b are inclined towards each other according to the pitch of the sloping parts. The shape of the ridge element 112 therefore depends on the configuration of the finished roof.

[0117] Figure 37 shows various types of ridge whose geometry varies in relation to: pitch of the sloping parts; thickness (si) of a sloping part, measured from the underside of the structural element of the sloping part, Figure 31, to the furthest point of the finishing element; whether the roof is ventilated or not.

[0118] Figure 37a shows the cross section of a ridge element for a non-ventilated roof with a pitch of 30°; Figure 37b shows the cross section of a ridge element for a ventilated roof with a pitch of 30°; Figure 37c shows the cross section of a ridge element for a non-ventilated roof with a pitch of 45°; Figure 37d shows the cross section of a truncated cusp-shaped ridge element for a non-ventilated roof with a pitch of 60°, and Figure 37e shows the cross section of a cusp-shaped ridge element for a non-ventilated roof with a pitch of 60°.

[0119] The (ventilated) ridge element 112 (Figure 38), whose structure is described below by way of example but not as a binding specification, has a suitable number of frames (119) according to the length x of the ridge, whose geometry varies according to the pitch of the roof. The frames, Figures 37, 38a, consist of a panel (120) in the shape required by the roof pitch, with a hole (121) in the centre to ensure ventilation or the passage of electrical conduits, framed with strips (122) of suitable cross-section to which the perimeter panels (123a, 123b, 123c), whose length is equal to the length x of the ridge, will subsequently be fixed. The upper part of the ridge will then be protected with a ridge covering strip (124) in accordance with the type of finish used for the sloping parts. Figure 38a shows the side openings, along the entire length of the ridge, in the case of a ventilated roof.

[0120] Figure 39 shows a non-ventilated roof module with a 30° pitch and pre-installed tie rods (125). As can be seen in Figure 39a, their size requires a greater distance between the undersides of the sloping parts (126), which is achieved by means of a type of hinge (114a) shown as a non-binding example. A similar distance between the undersides of the sloping parts may be justified by the pre-installation of a false ceiling. In the case where it is not necessary to space the undersides of the sloping parts (126), the hinges will be of the standard type (114b). Figure 39b shows the rotational movement of the sloping parts (A, B).

[0121] Figure 40 shows a deployed module for a ventilated roof with a 30° pitch, provided with photovoltaic panels (118) on one sloping part and a chimney for venting smoke and / or vapours (115a). Although not yet mentioned, the following should be noted: the airtight seals (127), the ventilation cavity (128), the electrical conduit (129) to connect the photovoltaic field to the appropriate disconnecting switch in the building, and the pre-installed outlet elbow (130) of the gutter.

[0122] Figure 40a shows the same roof module but folded.

[0123] Figure 41 shows a deployed module for a ventilated roof with a 45° pitch. Figure 41a shows the same roof module but folded. Figure 41b shows the rotational movement of the sloping parts (A, B).

[0124] Figure 42 shows a deployed module for a ventilated roof with a 60° pitch and ridge in the shape of a truncated cusp.

[0125] Figure 42a shows the same roof module but folded. Figure 42b shows the rotational movement of the sloping part.

[0126] Figure 43 shows a deployed module for a ventilated roof with a 60° pitch and ridge in the shape of a cusp.

[0127] Figure 43a shows the same roof module but folded. Figure 43b shows the rotational movement of the sloping part.

[0128] Figure 44 shows the sloping parts of a roof already deployed, unfolded. To ensure the stable opening of the sloping parts, two telescopic props (133) are temporarily fixed during the positioning phase by means of a lifting arm with 4 attachment points (131), until they are correctly locked on the brackets (132) for quick installation of the roof.

[0129] Figures 43b and 43c show two variants of brackets (132a, 132b) for the quick assembly of the roof module on a brick wall or on a solid wood or frame wall.

[0130] Figure 45 shows a deployed roof module with pre-installed sun tunnels (134) or skylights (135). Figure 45a shows the same roofing module but folded.

[0131] Figures 46, ..., 50 show the sequence for assembling a roofing element.

[0132] In detail, Figure 46 shows the sloping part (A), with pre-installed ridge (112), positioned vertically and resting on the appropriately shaped heads (136), to which a steel tube clamp with both external and internal threading (137) at its end has been fixed.

[0133] Figure 47 shows the sloping part (B) placed beside the sloping part (A) using a lifting arm with 2 attachment points.

[0134] Figure 48 shows the insertion of the pin (138) of the hinges (114), which takes place once the sloping part (A) has been placed beside the sloping part (B).

[0135] Figure 49 shows the insertion of the movable heads (136) onto the steel tube (137) and the clamping of the whole assembly using a nut (139), which takes place once the hinge pin has been inserted. At this point (Figure 50), the roofing module is ready to be stored or transported to its destination in a vertical position.

[0136] In order to allow the roofing module to be handled (Figure 51), two eyebolts (140) will be temporarily screwed into the internal threading of the steel tubes (137). Said eyebolts also serve to move or tilt (Figure 52) the roofing element in order to transport it in a horizontal position (Figure 53), if necessary, or to start the operations required to deploy the module on site.

[0137] Both during transport and storage, the sloping parts, once assembled in this way, can be stacked on top of each other (Figure 54).

[0138] Figures 55, ..., 58 show the stages of installation of said sloping parts on the bearing structure of a building, regardless of whether it is of the deployable or conventional type.

[0139] Once the sloping parts have been deployed, before they are transferred, two telescopic props (133) are temporarily fixed at the ends and held in place until they are correctly positioned and locked onto the brackets (132a / b).

[0140] The sloping parts can be moved preferably using a lifting arm with 2 points of attachment (Figures 55 and 56). Once the sloping parts have been secured to the brackets (132a / b), the telescopic props (133) are removed, and the roof is completed by installing the joining elements (141) of the sloping parts and the ridge connection element (142) and then welding the connection joints of the guters (143). If it is decided to opt for the collection of rainwater at the central connection point of the sloping parts, a drain outlet will be installed as an alternative to the connection joints.

[0141] Figure 58 shows the finished roof.

[0142] Figures 59, ..., 64 show the deployment of the sloping parts, one of which is hinged to a vertical wall (20, 20') of a roofing element; the sloping parts, in their resting position (Figure 59), are held in a horizontal position by some props (71) internally fixed to the edges (11b) of the base plane (11); the sloping parts A and B are also locked together by means of plates (72).

[0143] Once the lifting of the sloping parts has begun (Figure 60), the props are removed and, when the inclination of the sloping parts allows the sloping part A to swing freely, the locking plates (72) are removed, bringing it towards the opposite vertical wall (20') (Figure 61). This movement can be performed either with the aid of pistons (73), as shown in the figures, or with a pulling system using ropes. Once the sloping part A has been brought on the vertical line of the support brackets (11m) (Figures 62 and 63), it is lowered until it rests on the foot (111) and then permanently fixed to the brackets (1 Im).

[0144] Figure 64 shows the roofing module once the deployment of the sloping parts has been completed.

[0145] 9. Assembly of the internal walls

[0146] It is another object of the present invention to introduce the particular technique used to construct the internal walls in buildings constructed using the deployment technique that is the subject of the patent itself.

[0147] Said internal walls are constructed in two parts (Figure 65), a botom part (pb) is permanently fixed to the base plane / floor (11) and to its tenon (144) fixed to the wall (20 / 20'), and a top part (pa) which, once the base element (la) or the intermediate element (la1) has been deployed, is inserted between the guide (145), previously fixed to the extrados of the upper base plane (11), and the portion of joist (146) of the bottom part (pb).

[0148] The structure of the internal walls is of the frame type, which, according to the known art, is constructed with joists or wooden boards with limited cross section or steel bars, insulating material in the cavity and wood or plasterboard panel covering on both sides.

[0149] At the time of installation, the bottom part (pb) of the walls (Figure 66) is complete with all distribution systems, that is, electrical, water or air conditioning systems; the modules (147) for the quick and precise installation of sanitary ware are preinstalled on the bathroom walls. The design of the structure, as well as the thickness of the wall, varies according to the type of networks present inside it and, obviously, to the different distribution of the internal spaces.

[0150] In the case of a wall (Figure 66) without drainage system, its structure will be of type pbA, that is, made with wooden joists or steel bars, while in the case of a wall with drainage system the structure will be of type pbB, that is, mixed, consisting of joists and boards.

[0151] The connection point for all drains (Figure 67) is preferably located outside the wall (20 / 20') of the technical element, in such a way as to make it easier to intervene in the event of faults; the vent of the drain pipe (115s) is also preinstalled, over the entire height of the wall (20, 20'), and the end of the vent is preinserted within the thickness of the sloping part with direct outlet through the ridge (115as). To have the pipe ready for use, it is therefore sufficient to join the two parts.

[0152] On the outside there is also a system of connectors (148) intended to connect the electrical and air conditioning systems between two or more modules (reproducing, for example, the same method used to connect railway carriages).

[0153] Figures 68, ..., 79 show the steps required for assembling a wall on a base or intermediate element (la / la1) and its completion after deployment.

[0154] Specifically, Figure 68 shows the bottom part of the wall (pbA), without cladding on one side, approaching and ready to be fixed to the base plane (11) and to the tenon (144) located on the side wall (20 / 20'); Figure 69 shows the bottom part of the wall (pbA) once fixed to the base plane and the tenon; Figure 70 shows the fastening of the cladding panel (149), raised above the base plane (11) to allow any electrical or water pipes to exit at floor level; Figure 71 shows the fastening of the opposite side of the cladding panel to the tenon.

[0155] Figures 72, 73 and 74 show how, once the base or intermediate element (la / la1) has been deployed, the completion of the wall is started by fixing a guide (145) to the extrados of the upper base plane (11) using two leveling rods (Figure 75) designed for the correct alignment of the guide (145) with the underlying joist (146) of the bottom part (pb) of the wall. Said leveling rods (Figure 75) have an inverted L-shaped clamp (150) approximately halfway along their length, with the short side smaller than the thickness of the wall and provided with a pin welded thereon, said pin sliding along a slot (151) whose length exceeds that of the long side of the clamp; on the opposite side of the leveling rod, a wing nut or a similar element (152) is screwed onto the pin to tighten the clamp as required. An inverted bracket (153) suited to support the guide (145) is welded to the upper part of the leveling rod. Figure 76 shows the top part (pa) of the wall being pushed into place until it comes into contact with the tenon (144'). Once it is in place, it is secured definitively (Figure 77). To ensure the perfect flatness of the wall over time, a small beam or a galvanised steel upright (154) is inserted (Figures 78, 79) in the cavity created by the overhang of the finishing panels, on the side opposite the tenon.

[0156] 10. Technique for the deployment and finishing of the modules without scaffolding elements.

[0157] It is another object of the present invention to provide a system that makes it possible to deploy the modules and finish the exterior of the building unit without the aid of scaffolding, only by means of a material lifting machine, a lifting arm with 2 and / or 4 attachment points, a rope pulling system, a scissor lift or common movable scaffolding elements.

[0158] Said deployment operation can be carried out in several ways, depending on how the modules are delivered to the installation site, that is, in the assembled or disassembled configuration.

[0159] A module, in fact, can be delivered with the base element (la), any intermediate element / s (la1) and the roofing element (lb) already assembled (Figure 80) or, for various reasons (transport optimization, handling difficulties at the installation site, inability to find a material lifting machine with adequate capacity on site), delivered separately, that is, in the disassembled configuration (Figure 93).

[0160] Figures 80, ..., 92 show, by way of example without limitation, the steps of delivery, installation, deployment and finishing of a housing unit with a floor area of approximately 100 square metres, divided into ground floor, first floor and habitable attic, with a 45° roof, installed, by way of example without limitation, on a slab foundation and consisting of two modules: a technical module (2) and a surface extension module (2a).

[0161] For the transport of the modules (2, 2a) and of everything necessary to complete the building unit - as an exceptional load that can be transported without assistance - two trucks with low-bed container trailer will suffice (Figure 80).

[0162] In detail:

[0163] Figure 81 shows the positioning and alignment of the two modules (2 and 2a) side by side on the slab, carried out using a mobile crane and a lifting arm with 4 attachment points.

[0164] Figures 82 and 83 show the deployment of the roofing element (lb), carried out using a lifting arm with 2 attachments points.

[0165] Figure 84 shows the finished roofing element, complete on three sides with external finishes (156), made with pre-shaped and pre-finished panels produced in the factory and fixed, given the reduced height (H) from ground level, less than 300 cm, with the simple aid of a movable scaffolding element or a scissor lift or the like.

[0166] At the end of this step, the roofing element of the adjacent module is deployed and completed using a similar procedure (Figure 85).

[0167] From this point onwards, the module can be further deployed using either a mobile crane and a lifting arm with 4 attachment points (Figure 86) or hydraulic pistons operated by a control unit (CO) (Figure 87); the following figures illustrate the deployment of the module with hydraulic pistons.

[0168] Figures 88 and 89 show the deployment of the intermediate element (la1), while Figure 90 shows the completion of the external finishes, again using either a movable scaffolding element or a scissor lift or the like. Figures 91 and 92 show the same operation carried out for the deployment of the intermediate element of the adjacent module. Figure 92 shows the pillars used to stiffen the structure, ready to be fixed in the appropriate joints. Said pillars can be made of either wood or steel and are shown in detail in Figure 92a.

[0169] Figure 93 shows the completion of the external finishes of the intermediate floor, again carried out using either a movable scaffolding element or a scissor lift or the like.

[0170] A similar procedure will be carried out to deploy the base elements, using either hydraulic pistons or a lifting arm with 4 attachment points (Figures 94, 95, 96, 96a).

[0171] Once the external finishes of the building unit have been completed (Figure 97), or before the completion of the finishes, the connecting elements between the sloping parts of the modules are fixed (Figure 98): ridge (142), joining element (141) and gutters (143).

[0172] Figure 99 shows an overall view of a building with a floor area of approximately 100 square metres, finished in all its parts, consisting of ground floor, first floor and habitable attic, and entirely built without the use of scaffolding.

[0173] Figures 100, ..., 116 show, by way of example without limitation, the steps of delivery, installation, deployment and finishing of a housing unit with a floor area of approximately 70 square metres, divided into ground floor, first floor and non- habitable attic, with a 30° roof, consisting of two modules - a technical module (2) and a surface extension module (2a) - and whose base, intermediate and roofing elements are delivered separately for the reasons mentioned above (transport optimization, handling difficulties at the installation site, inability to find a material lifting machine with adequate capacity on site). For the transport of the modules (2 and 2a) and of everything necessary to complete the building unit - as an exceptional load that can be transported without assistance - two trucks with flat-bed trailer will suffice (Figures 100 and 100a); if the roofing element is delivered deployed and ready for installation (Figure 100b), an additional truck for the external and internal finishing elements (156) will be required.

[0174] The installation of the building unit begins with the transfer and positioning of the base element (la) and the intermediate element (la1) of a module on the foundation, in this case a slab; once the base element (la) has been fixed to the slab, the intermediate element (la1) is slung and lifted using a lifting arm with 4 attachment points (Figures 101 and 102).

[0175] Once the extension walls (50a and 50a') have been deployed and aligned with the underlying brackets (4b) (Figure 103), the whole is lowered and then secured (Figure 104); the base and intermediate elements of the second module (2a) are installed by proceeding in the same way (Figure 105).

[0176] Figures 106 and 106a show the pillars (155) ready to be fixed to the walls in the appropriate space; once they have been fixed, it will be possible to install the external finish of the ground floor (Figure 107) and, at the same time, also the external finish of the two roofing elements (lb) with the closing element of the gable (Figure 108) using the pre-finished panels manufactured in the factory (156). Now, using a procedure similar to that used for the intermediate elements, the roofing elements (lb) are lifted and positioned vertically, and then fixed to the underlying brackets (4b) (Figures 109, ..., 113).

[0177] Figures 114 and 115 show what is still needed to complete the roof in all its parts, and precisely a pre-shaped joining element for connecting the sloping parts, the ridge and the gutters.

[0178] Once the roof has been completed, all that remains to do is to finish the external walls of the intermediate floor (Figure 116) using, given the limited height (H) from ground level, less than 300 cm, either a movable scaffolding element or a scissor lift.

[0179] Therefore, with reference to the above description and the attached drawings, the following claims are made.

Claims

CLAIMS1. Construction system for making housing modules, characterized in that it comprises a pitched roof or covering, comprising a pair of sloping parts (A, B) hinged to each other at one of their sides, or ridge side, and intended to be arranged so that they are inclined and resting between two supports, each sloping part (A, B) comprising at least one panel (101, 101'), characterized in that a ridge element (112) is constrained to one side or ridge side (101c) of said panel (101) of one of said sloping parts, or first sloping part (A), said ridge element (112) being an element which extends mainly in the longitudinal direction and is intended to define the ridge of the roof, and whose cross section comprises the following: a first side (112a) leaning against and constrained to said ridge side (101c) of the panel (101) of said first sloping part (A); a second side (112b), adjacent to said first side (112a), intended to be leaning against the ridge side (101c) of the panel (101') of the second sloping part (B) when the roof is correctly deployed; at least one third side (112c, 112d) intended to be facing upwards and defining the upper surface of the ridge, and wherein said first side and said second side (112a, 112b) are inclined with respect to each other according to the pitch of the sloping parts.

2. System according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said ridge element (112) comprises a substantially tubular body with polygonal cross-section, made up of a plurality of frames (119) joined together by perimeter elements or panels (122, 123a, 123b, 123c) and having a polygonal geometric shape that varies according to the pitch of said sloping parts (A, B) of the deployed roof, with a hole (121) for ventilation or for the passage of electrical conduits in the centre.

3. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the side ( 10 Id) of each sloping part (A, B) opposite said ridge side (101c), or gutter side, is configured to rest on supports of any type and to be constrained thereto.

4. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one roofing element (lb) comprising a base plane or floor (11) and two wall portions (20, 20’) extending upwards from said base plane, and wherein said gutter side (10 Id’) of the second sloping part (B) is hinged to one of said wall portions (20), while said first sloping part (A), to which said ridge element (112) is constrained and which is shorter than said second sloping part (B), is deployable and can be fixed to the second wall portion (20’) with its gutter side (10 Id), by means of a supporting element or foot (1 IL).

5. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that each sloping part (A, B) comprises a flat element or panel (101) whose two lateral sides (101a, 101b) are provided with milled areas suitable for the insertion of an element having the same thickness so as to join the sloping parts A with A and B with B and at least one chamfer (11 la) in proximity to said ridge side (101c).

6. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one gutter (110) constrained to said gutter side (lOld) of said sloping parts (A, B).

7. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or more ventilation or smoke vent pipes (115) which are constrained within the thickness of said sloping part (A) to which said ridge element (112) is constrained, and which are connected to an outlet (115a) created on said ridge element (112).

8. Construction system for making deployable housing modules, comprisingat least one base element (la) and at least one roofing element (lb, 1c), possibly with one or more intermediate elements (la’), wherein said elements comprise a base plane or floor (11) and two wall portions (20, 20’) extending upwards from said base plane or floor (11), characterized in that said base plane or floor (11) is milled (1 If, 11g) on each of its sides (1 la, 1 lb) so that said base plane (11) can be fixedly connected to said side walls (20, 20’) and the facade wall (100).

9. System according to claim 8, characterized in that said milled areas (11g) on the short sides (1 la) of said base plane or floor (11) are spaced from the edges so that it is possible to obtain a fixed connection to said side walls (20, 20’), which will be recessed with respect to said short sides (I la).

10. System according to claim 8, characterized in that said milled areas (I lf) on the long sides (11b) of said base plane or floor (11) are made along the edge so as to allow the fixed connection of facade walls (100) that can be positioned on the outside of the long side ( 1 lb) or flush with the latter.

11. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that on each of said long sides (11b) of said base plane or floor (11) there are two cavities (l id) whose length and depth are sufficient for the passage of a lifting strap (60).

12. System according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a slab (63) suited to support said base plane (11), and wherein said slab (63) is provided with two parallel recesses (61) whose width and depth are limited but sufficient for said lifting straps (60) to slide therethrough.

13. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that said walls (20, 20’) of the base (la), roofing (lb) or intermediate (la’) elements have, along their short vertical sides (20a), a milled area (20b, 20c) that, together with the corresponding milled area (20b, 20c) of the walls (20, 20’) of adjacent base (la),roofing (lb) or intermediate (la’) elements, defines a housing for a stiffening pillar (155).

14. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that said walls (20, 20’) of the base (la), roofing (lb) or intermediate (la’) elements have, along their long horizontal sides (20d), in a position set back from the ends, two milled areas (20e) whose length is equal to the length of fixing brackets (3, 4b) or hinges (4) suited to fix them to underlying or overlying elements, and whose depth is equal to the thickness (s) of said brackets (3, 4b) or hinges (4), said milled areas (20e) being spaced apart by a distance (dd) that is sufficient for the creation of a possible gap in the wall (20, 20') itself.

15. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that said base(la) or intermediate (la’) element also comprises, on each of said walls (20, 20’), at least one pair of extension elements (50, 51), a lower one (50) and an upper one (51), substantially symmetrical with respect to each other and constrained to each other by means of hinges (4), each of said two extension elements (50, 51) being also provided with second hinges (4, 4a) on the edge opposite said first hinges (4), and wherein said lower extension element (50) can be constrained to said wall (20, 20’) of the base (la) or intermediate (la’) module by means of said second hinges (4), while the upper extension element (51) can be constrained to the base plane (11) of an overlying intermediate element (la’) or of an overlying roofing element(lb) by means of said further second hinges (4a), and wherein the rotation axis of said first and second hinges (4, 4a) is parallel to the horizontal edges of said walls (20, 20’), and said first and second hinges (4, 4a) allow the rotation of said extension elements (50, 51) between a folded configuration of up to 90° and a deployed configuration in which said extension elements (50, 51) are coplanar witheach other, and wherein the side edges of said extension elements (50, 51) feature the same milled areas as those present on said walls (20, 20’).

16. System according to claims from 1 to 14, characterized in that said intermediate element (la’) or roofing element (lb) comprises a pair of extension elements (50a, 50a’) constrained to said base plane (11) by means of hinges (4a) whose rotation axis is parallel to the horizontal edges of said walls (20, 20’), in such a way that said extension elements (50a, 50a’) can rotate between a folded configuration, in which they are parallel to said base plane (11), and a deployed configuration, in which they are coplanar with said walls (20, 20’), and wherein the side edges of said extension elements (50a, 50a’) feature the same milled areas as those present on said walls (20, 20’).

17. Process for making a building unit made up of one or more housing modules without scaffolding, by means of the construction system according to the preceding claims, wherein each module at most comprises a base element (la), an intermediate element (la’) and a pitched roofing element (lb) or a flat roofing element (1c), characterized in that it involves the use of a lifting machine of adequate capacity for lifting materials, a lifting arm with four attachment points and a lifting arm with two attachment points, lifting straps (60) of adequate length, or a lifting system constituted by hydraulic pistons, a movable scaffolding element or a scissors lift or the like, and wherein said process comprises the following steps: a) transfer and positioning of said modules from a vehicle used for transport in the building site to a foundation, with the aid of said material lifting machine, for example a crane, and of said lifting arm with four attachment points, wherein said lifting straps (60) are passed under said base plane (11)of said base element (la) and through said cavities (l id) in said base plane (11); b) in the case of a pitched roofing element (lb), rotation of the sloping parts (A, B), which are initially locked together with plates (72), around the axis of the hinges constrained to one of said walls (20, 20’), from a position in which said sloping parts (A, B) are substantially horizontal to a position in which they are inclined with respect to the ground, by means of said lifting arm with two attachment points, a lifting strap (60) passed between said sloping parts (A, B) and said material lifting machine; c) once said sloping parts (A, B) have been brought to a position in which said first sloping part (A) is free to rotate around the ridge element (112), removal of said locking plates (72) and, with the aid of ropes or pistons, rotation of said first sloping part (A) to bring it in line with said supporting foot (1 IL) and fix it to said brackets (11m); d) finishing of the gable and side walls of said roofing element (lb), with the aid of said movable scaffolding element or scissors lift or the like, thanks to the limited height (H) above ground level; e) the same steps (b), (c) and (d) are repeated for the deployment and external finishing of the roofing element adjacent to the already deployed element; f) deployment of said intermediate element (la’) by slinging said roofing module (lb) and lifting it by means of said lifting arm with four attachment points or by means of pistons, in such a way as to cause the extension elements (50, 50’) of the underlying intermediate element (la’) to open until they are coplanar with each other; g) external finishing (156) of the front of said intermediate element (la’) withthe aid of said movable scaffolding element or scissors lift or the like, thanks to the limited height (H) above ground level; h) the same steps (f), (g) are repeated for the deployment and finishing of the front of the intermediate element adjacent to the already deployed element; i) once the intermediate elements have been deployed, insertion of the pillars (155) in the appropriate milled areas; j) external finishing of the side walls of the intermediate elements; k) deployment of said base element (la) by lifting the overlying elements with a lifting arm with four attachment points or using pistons; l) the same step (k) is repeated for the deployment of the base element adjacent to the already deployed base element, with the subsequent insertion of the pillars (155) in the appropriate milled areas; m) external finishing of the base elements (la); n) fastening of the connection elements between the sloping parts of the modules: ridge (142), joining element (141) and gutters (143).

18. Process for making a building unit made up of one or more housing modules without scaffolding, by means of the construction system according to the preceding claims, wherein each module at most comprises a base element (la), an intermediate element (la’) and a pitched roofing element (lb) to be deployed or already deployed in the building site, characterized in that it comprises the use of a lifting machine of adequate capacity for lifting materials, a lifting arm with four attachment points and a lifting arm with two attachment points, lifting straps (60) of adequate length, a movable scaffolding element or a scissors lift or the like, and wherein said process comprises the following steps: a') transfer and positioning of a first one of said modules from a vehicle usedfor transport in the building site to a foundation, with the aid of said material lifting machine, for example a crane, and of said lifting arm with four attachment points, wherein said lifting straps (60) are passed under said base plane (11) of said base element (la) and through said cavities (l id) in said base plane (11); b') deployment of said intermediate element (la’) by slinging said intermediate element (la’) and lifting it by means of said lifting arm with four attachment points, in such a way as to cause the extension elements (50a, 50a’) hinged under the base plane (11) of said intermediate element (la’) to open until they are vertical; c') lowering of said intermediate element (la’) until said extension elements (50a, 50a’) are inserted in special brackets (4b) installed on said walls (20, 20’) of the underlying base element (la); d') the same steps (a), (b) and (c) are repeated for the deployment of the intermediate element adjacent to the already deployed intermediate element, with the subsequent insertion of the pillars (155) in the appropriate milled areas that are present on the side walls of the base elements; e') external finishing (156) of the base elements (la) and external finishing of said roofing element (lb) of one or more of said modules; f) positioning and lowering of said roofing element (lb) until said extension elements (50a, 50a’) are inserted in special brackets (4b) installed on said walls (20, 20’) of the underlying intermediate element (la’) and subsequent fixing of said extension elements (50a, 50a’); g') the same step (f) is repeated for the deployment of the roofing element (lb)adjacent to the already deployed roofing element, with the subsequent insertion of the pillars (155) in the appropriate milled areas that are present on the side walls of the base elements; h') fastening of the connection elements between the sloping parts of the modules: ridge (142), joining element (141) and gutters (143); i') external finishing (156) of the intermediate elements (la’) with the aid of said movable scaffolding element or scissors lift or the like, thanks to the limited height (H) above ground level.

19. Process according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that it also includes the step of finishing the roof of the building unit by laying joining elements (141), ridge portions (142) and gutters (143) between adjacent modules, so as to completely seal the roof.

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