Roof covering with rectangular slabs and panels for this purpose

Abstract

Roof covering with essentially rectangular slabs made of slate, natural stone, plastic, fiber cement or similar materials. for pitched roofs, wherein the panels (1) have longitudinal edges (11, 12) and transverse edges (13, 14) running at right angles to each other and are laid and fastened to a substructure of the pitched roof by means of fasteners in horizontal rows (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) side by side and one above the other, such that the panels (1) arranged side by side in a horizontal row (20; 30; 40; 50; 60) are laid without lateral overlap and the panels (1) of the next higher horizontal row (50) on the pitched roof partially overlap the panels (1) of the next lower horizontal row (40) with vertical overlap (H), wherein the longitudinal edges (11, 12) of the next higher horizontal row (50; 30) are laterally offset to the longitudinal edges (11, 12) of the next lower horizontal row (40;20) are positioned and the lower transverse edges (14) of preferably all panels (1) of a horizontal row form a horizontal line aligned with each other, characterized in that at least one roofing membrane made of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) or flexible polyolefin (FPO) is arranged between the panels (1) of the next higher horizontal row (50; 30) and the panels (1) of the next lower horizontal row (40; 20) partially covered by it, and the panels (1) of the higher horizontal rows (60; 50; 40; 30) cover the panels of only a single lower horizontal row (50; 40; 30; 20) on the inclined roof.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a roof covering with essentially rectangular slate tiles for pitched roofs, wherein the tiles have longitudinal and transverse edges running at right angles to each other and are laid and fastened to a substructure of the pitched roof by means of fastening means in horizontal rows next to and above each other such that the tiles arranged next to each other in a horizontal row are laid without lateral overlap and the tiles of the next higher horizontal row on the pitched roof partially overlap the tiles of the next lower horizontal row with vertical overlap, wherein the longitudinal edges of the next higher horizontal row are positioned laterally offset to the longitudinal edges of the next lower horizontal row and the lower transverse edges preferably form a horizontal line aligned with each other.

[0002] Pitched roofs, especially those of buildings, can be covered with differently shaped tiles or slabs. Slate tiles lend a building a distinctive visual appeal, and in some regions, covering pitched roofs with natural slate tiles is the typical roof design. The specific type of roof covering is determined by the shape or format, as well as the cutting or preparation of the tiles, and is distinguished accordingly.

[0003] A roofing method for pitched roofs using rectangular slate tiles, used for many decades, is called rectangular double coverage. In this method, the rectangular tiles are laid directly adjacent to each other in a horizontal row on the pitched roof, and all slate tiles in a (middle) horizontal row are partially overlapped by the next higher horizontal row. Simultaneously, this next higher horizontal row also partially overlaps the next lower horizontal row relative to the middle horizontal row, and thus the row two lower still, as specified for many years in the "Technical Rules for Roofing with Slate of the Central Association of the German Roofing Trade" to ensure a rainproof and windproof roof according to German standards.The slate slabs are anchored using suitable slate fasteners such as slate nails to a roof substructure that is usually made of wood.

[0004] From DE 20 2004 013 619 U1 of the applicant, a modified roof covering with rectangular slabs made of slate, natural stone or fiber cement is known, in which each rectangular slab has a truncated corner; the transitions of the truncated corner into the respective longitudinal and transverse edges also serve as an orientation aid for the lateral and vertical overlap of the next lower horizontal row.

[0005] For all known roofing types using rectangular tiles, the material requirement for corresponding rectangular tiles is high, and the roof structure must bear a comparatively heavy load. The labor and time required for laying the rectangular double-layer roofing is also considerable.

[0006] The object of the invention is to create a roof covering for sloping roofs with rectangular slabs of natural slate that is resistant to all weather conditions and avoids the aforementioned disadvantages.

[0007] To solve this problem, the invention proposes a roof covering according to claim 1 in which at least one roofing membrane made of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) or flexible polyolefin (FPO) is arranged between the panels of the next higher horizontal row and the panels of the next lower horizontal row partially covered by the TPO, and the panels of the higher horizontal rows only cover the panels of a single horizontal row located lower on the sloping roof. With a TPO / FPO roofing membrane, which is usually only used on flat roofs, if at all, it is already possible to ensure rainproofness.By installing a suitable TPO / FPO roofing membrane between two adjacent horizontal rows of slate tiles, rainproofing can be ensured even if the tiles in the respective horizontal rows do not overlap laterally and only overlap vertically once, rather than the double overlap previously standard practice in German roofing regulations. This allows for a significant reduction in the number of slate tiles required, which not only results in a considerable reduction in the overall weight of the roof covering on the pitched roof, but also significantly reduces the installation time.

[0008] Internal tests conducted by the applicant have shown that, by using an intermediate layer consisting of at least one TPO / FPO roofing membrane, not only can rainproofing be ensured because water can run off completely due to the simple horizontal overlap, but at the same time, sufficiently high stability and resistance to wind suction or other wind loads can be achieved with the simple overlap of the slate tiles. The fabric reinforcements typically used in corresponding TPO / FPO roofing membranes ensure sufficient flexibility while maintaining high stability and tear resistance, particularly with regard to the calculated wind loads and pressure conditions.Welding the seams of the TPO / FPO roofing membrane, as is common on flat roofs, is not necessary because rainproofing on the pitched roof is achieved in particular by means of the additionally used and overlapping panels, especially slate panels.

[0009] The panels are preferably arranged such that the long edges of the panels in the next higher horizontal row are laterally offset from the long edges of the panels in the next lower horizontal row. A very uniform appearance is achieved if the panels in the next higher horizontal row are offset from the panels in the next lower horizontal row by half a panel width.

[0010] According to an advantageous embodiment of a corresponding roof covering, the FPO / TPO roofing membrane has an upper edge and a lower edge and is arranged between the panels of the adjacent horizontal rows such that the lower transverse edges of the panels of the higher horizontal row are flush with the lower edge of the FPO / TPO roofing membrane. With this embodiment of a pitched roof covering, the slate tiles can be installed in a flush alignment according to the installation pattern of the FPO / TPO roofing membrane.

[0011] For material usage and for the orientation of the roofer tasked with the roof covering, it is particularly advantageous if the TPO / FPO roofing membrane has a width between its upper and lower edges that corresponds to the thickness of the panels between the lower and upper transverse edges of the corresponding horizontal row. The width of the TPO / FPO roofing membrane thus also indicates the position of the horizontal row of panels.

[0012] It is particularly advantageous if the overlap of the upper slabs over the lower slabs is 80 mm or, in particular, 100 mm, or a value between these two. This ensures sufficient rain protection and, at the same time, a high level of safety even under disproportionately high wind loads.

[0013] A roof covering that is both visually appealing and generally easy to install is achieved when the transverse edges have a length of 300 mm and the longitudinal edges have a length of 350 mm or 400 mm.

[0014] The roof covering can be installed particularly easily, rainproof and windproof if the panels have through-holes for the fastening means and the through-holes on each panel have a vertical distance from the upper transverse edge and a lateral distance from the adjacent longitudinal edge, wherein the vertical distance is between 70 mm and 90 mm, particularly preferably 80 mm, and the lateral distance is particularly 20 mm.

[0015] The TPO / FPO roofing membrane can have a membrane thickness of preferably 1.5 mm.

[0016] The fasteners preferably consist of stainless steel slate pins, the shaft of which is provided with grooves.

[0017] For the roof covering according to the invention, slabs made of natural slate are particularly advantageous, having a length of 300 mm on the transverse edges and a length of 350 mm or 400 mm on the longitudinal edges, and being provided with through-holes for a fastening means, wherein the through-holes on each slab have a vertical distance from the upper transverse edge and a lateral distance from the adjacent longitudinal edge, wherein the vertical distance is between 70 mm and 90 mm, in particular 80 mm, and the lateral distance is in particular 20 mm.

[0018] Further advantages and embodiments of a roof covering according to the invention will become apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment schematically illustrated in the drawing. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 Schematically simplified in plan view a detail view of a total of 5 horizontal rows of a roof covering according to the invention with rectangular panels and roofing membrane laid between; Fig. 2 a single panel for a roof covering according to the invention in top view.

[0019] In Fig. Reference numeral 10 designates a roof covering according to the invention for a pitched roof. The roof truss and the substructure to which the roof covering 10 is attached are not shown, nor is the pitch of the roof, which is preferably at least 22°, but could also be lower due to the TPO-FPA roofing membrane used according to the invention. The substructure comprises, as is known per se, for example, a roof truss to which longitudinal battens and, if applicable, transverse battens are attached. A vapor barrier and, furthermore, a suitable insulating layer can be arranged between the roof truss and the substructure formed by the battens. The specific design of the substructure and the construction of the roof truss are not relevant to the invention, and therefore reference is made to general technical knowledge. The positioning of the battens, in particular the longitudinal battens, should be adapted to the dimensions orthe format of the panels used for roofing must be adapted.

[0020] How Fig. As Figure 1 clearly shows, it is a rectangular roof covering with rectangular tiles 1; the tiles 1, which are preferably slate tiles made of natural slate, but also tiles made of another natural stone, plastic, fiber cement or another suitable material, are laid in several horizontal rows 20, 30, 40, 50, 60. Each horizontal row 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 in turn consists of several identical tiles 1 with a rectangular format.

[0021] Each plate 1 has, as is particularly good, Fig. As can be seen in Figure 2, the plate has a left long edge 11, a right long edge 12, an upper transverse edge 13, and a lower transverse edge 14. The left long edge 11 forms a pointed corner with the upper transverse edge 13 and the lower transverse edge 14 where the sides meet. Similarly, the right long edge 12 forms a pointed corner with the upper transverse edge 13 and the lower transverse edge 14. The long edges 11 and 12 run parallel to each other at a distance that depends on the format of the plate 1, namely the length B of the transverse edges 13 and 14. The upper transverse edge 13 and the lower transverse edge 14 also run parallel to each other and are spaced apart by a distance that corresponds to the length L of the respective long edges 13 and 14.

[0022] In the roof covering 10 according to Fig. The horizontal row 20 forms the lowest row of panels 1; the horizontal row 20 is laid and fastened to the substructure before the next higher horizontal row 30, relative to the roof pitch, is laid and fastened. This is then continued accordingly with horizontal rows 30, 40, and 50.

[0023] In each horizontal row 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, the individual slabs 1 lie next to each other without lateral overlap; the left longitudinal edge 11 of a slab 1 thus lies directly against the right longitudinal edge 12 of the adjacent slab 1 with only a small gap, and this laying scheme applies to all slabs 1 of all horizontal rows 20, 30, 40, 50, 60. The slabs 1 of adjacent horizontal rows 20, 30 or 30, 40 or 40, 50, however, are positioned and laid such that each slab 1 of the next higher horizontal row 50 partially overlaps at least one slab 1 of the next lower horizontal row 40 with a vertical overlap H. In each horizontal row 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, only the lower transverse edges 14 are freely visible, whereas the upper transverse edges 13 of each plate 1, and partially also sections of the longitudinal edges 11, 12, are covered by a plate 1 of a next higher horizontal row 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.The plates 1 in the adjacent horizontal rows 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 are laterally offset from each other, in the illustrated embodiment in . Fig. 1 such that the plates 1 of horizontal rows 20, 40, 60 are offset by half a plate width from the plates 1 of horizontal rows 30, 50. The longitudinal edges 11, 12 of the plates of horizontal rows 30, 50 are aligned with each other but simultaneously offset from the longitudinal edges 11, 12 of the plates 1 of the intervening horizontal row 40.

[0024] Each horizontal row 20, 30, 40, 50 is partially covered by plates 1 of the next higher horizontal row 40, 50, 60 by the amount of the height overlap H, as can be seen particularly clearly from the dashed upper longitudinal edges 13 of the plates 1 in horizontal row 30 and the fully dashed middle plate 1 of horizontal row 40.

[0025] To ensure rain protection or watertightness despite this simple vertical overlap, a horizontally laid roofing membrane 70 made of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) or flexible polyolefin (FPO) is used between each of the adjacent horizontal rows 20, 30, 30, 40, 40, 50, or 50, 60, according to the invention; this TPO / FPO membrane roofing membrane 70 has a thickness of 1.5 mm and is attached to the substructure, in particular to the cross battens, before the lowest horizontal row 20 of panels 1 is laid. The in Fig. The second-lowest TPO / FPO membrane roofing sheet 70 of the horizontal row 30 is thus positioned such that it partially covers the panels 1 of the next lower horizontal row 20, while simultaneously lying directly below the underside of the panels 1 of the horizontal row 30. For initial fastening, the TPO / FPO membrane roofing sheet 70 can be attached to the substructure, preferably near the upper edge 71, for example by means of a few staples distributed across the longitudinal width of the continuously laid TPO / FPO membrane roofing sheet 70, before the individual panels 1 of the corresponding horizontal row 30 are then attached to the substructure.

[0026] In the illustrated embodiment, all TPO / FPO membrane roofing sheets 70 have a distance between the upper edge 71 and the lower edge 72, thus a sheet width BB, which is exactly matched to the length L of the longitudinal edges 12, 13 of each individual sheet 1. The lower edge 72 of each TPO / FPO membrane roofing sheet 70 lies in the installed state, as shown in Fig. 1 shown, thus flush with the lower transverse edges 14 of the individual panels 1, and the upper transverse edges 13 also run flush and parallel to the respective upper edge 71 of each TPO / FPO membrane roofing membrane 70. With this design, the roofer can orient himself completely to the course of the TPO / FPO membrane roofing membrane 70 when laying the individual panels 1.

[0027] As from Fig. As can be clearly seen in Figure 2, each panel 1 is attached to the substructure with (only) two fasteners (not shown). For the installation of these fasteners, which are not shown in detail and are, in the case of natural slate, specifically stainless steel slate nails with a ring shaft, each panel 1 is provided with two fastening holes 16 and 17. The left fastening hole 16, as seen from the top view, has a lateral distance A of 20 mm from the left longitudinal edge 11 of panel 1. The right fastening hole 17, as seen from the top view, has the same lateral distance A from the right longitudinal edge 12, also a lateral distance of 20 mm. Both fastening holes 16 and 17 have a vertical distance Q of 80 mm from the upper transverse edge 13. The panel width B, and thus the length of the transverse edges 13,14, is 300 millimeters, the panel height L, and thus the length of the longitudinal edges 11,12, is 400 mm or 350 mm.

[0028] A suitable fastener such as a slate nail is then driven through each fastening hole 16,17 into the substructure to fasten each individual panel 1 to the substructure under intermediate support of the associated TPO / FPO membrane roofing membrane 70.

[0029] The vertical overlap H of adjacent horizontal rows 20, 30, 30, 40, etc., is selected such that the vertical overlap H is greater than the vertical distance Q of the respective fastening hole 16, 17 from the upper edge of the panel, i.e., the upper transverse edges 13. The vertical overlap H can, in particular, be approximately 20 mm greater than the vertical distance Q; this ensures that each fastening hole 16, 17 is covered by a corresponding dimension of at least 20 mm by a panel 1 of the horizontal row above, which is why no moisture can penetrate into the roof truss or the insulation in the roof truss through the fastening hole.

[0030] At the in Fig.The plate shown in Figure 2 is a natural slate plate, which is why a fracture edge is shown running around the entire surface of the plate with reference numeral 18, each with a small distance to the immediately adjacent longitudinal edge 11,12 or transverse edge 13,14. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 20 2004 013 619 U1

[0004]

Claims

[1] Roof covering with substantially rectangular slabs made of slate, natural stone, plastic, fiber cement or the like.for pitched roofs, wherein the panels (1) have longitudinal edges (11, 12) and transverse edges (13, 14) running at right angles to each other and are laid and fastened to a substructure of the pitched roof by means of fasteners in horizontal rows (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) side by side and one above the other, such that the panels (1) arranged side by side in a horizontal row (20; 30; 40; 50; 60) are laid without lateral overlap and the panels (1) of the next higher horizontal row (50) on the pitched roof partially overlap the panels (1) of the next lower horizontal row (40) with vertical overlap (H), wherein the longitudinal edges (11, 12) of the next higher horizontal row (50; 30) are laterally offset to the longitudinal edges (11, 12) of the next lower horizontal row (40; 20) are positioned and the lower transverse edges (14) of preferably all plates (1) of a horizontal row form a horizontal line aligned with each other, . characterized by, that between the panels (1) of the next higher horizontal row (50; 30) and the panels (1) of the next lower horizontal row (40; 20) partially covered by it, at least one roofing membrane made of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) or flexible polyolefin (FPO) is arranged, and the panels (1) of the higher horizontal rows (60; 50; 40; 30) cover the panels of only one lower horizontal row (50; 40; 30; 20) on the inclined roof. [2] Roof covering according to claim 1, characterized by , that the longitudinal edges of the slabs of the next higher horizontal row are positioned laterally offset by half a slab width to the longitudinal edges of the slabs of the next lower horizontal row. [3] Roof covering according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by, that the FPO / TPO roofing membrane (70) has an upper membrane edge (71) and a lower membrane edge (72) and is arranged between the panels of the adjacent horizontal rows (20,30; 30,40; 40,50) such that the lower transverse edges (14) of the panels of the higher horizontal row are aligned flush with the lower membrane edge (72). [4] Roof covering according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that the TPO / FPO roofing membrane (70) has a width between the upper and lower membrane edges (71,72) which width corresponds to the panel height (B) between the lower transverse edge (14) and the upper transverse edge (13) of the panels of the associated horizontal row. [5] Roof covering according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that the height overlap (H) of the plates of the higher-lying plates over the plates of the lower-lying plates is at least 80 mm, and particularly preferably is equal to or greater than 100 mm. [6] Roof covering according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by , that the transverse edges (13,14) have a length (B) of 300 mm and the longitudinal edges (11,12) have a length (L) of 350 mm or 400 mm. [7] Roof covering according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by , that the plates (1) have through-holes (16,17) for the fastening means and the through-holes (16,17) on each plate have a vertical distance (Q) from the upper transverse edge (13) and a lateral distance (A) from the adjacent longitudinal edge (11,12), wherein the vertical distance (Q) is in particular 80 mm and the lateral distance is 20 mm. [8] Roof covering according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by , that the TPO / FPO roofing membrane (70) has a membrane thickness of 1.5 mm. [9] Roof covering according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized bythat the plates are made of natural slate and the fasteners are made of stainless steel slate pins, the shaft preferably being provided with grooves. [10] Panel for a roof covering according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by , that the slab (1) is made of natural slate and has a length (B) of 300 mm at the transverse edges (13,14) and a length (L) of 350 mm or 400 mm at the longitudinal edges (11,12) and is provided with through-holes (16, 17) for a fastening means, wherein the through-holes on each slab have a vertical distance (Q) from the upper transverse edge and a lateral distance (A) from the adjacent longitudinal edge, wherein the vertical distance is 80 mm and the lateral distance is 20 mm.

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