Method for performing communication in wireless communication system and apparatus therefor

Abstract

An apparatus according to various embodiments may receive resource configuration information for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource, divide the PUCCH resource into a plurality of unit resources on the basis of application of a sequence-based PUCCH format, segment an input bit sequence including input bits into a plurality of segments on the basis of a first bit length, select a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments, and transmit a PUCCH on the basis of the plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for the plurality of segments are mapped.

Description

Method for performing communication in a wireless communication system and device for the same

[0001] The invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for performing wireless communication between a terminal or a base station in a wireless communication system.

[0002] Various devices and technologies, such as machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine type communication (MTC), and devices requiring high data transmission rates like smartphones and tablet PCs (Personal Computers), are emerging and becoming widespread. Consequently, the amount of data required to be processed in cellular networks is increasing very rapidly. To satisfy this rapidly increasing demand for data processing, technologies such as carrier aggregation and cognitive radio are being developed to efficiently utilize more frequency bands, while technologies such as multi-antenna technology and multi-BS cooperation are being developed to increase the data capacity transmitted within a limited frequency range.

[0003] As more communication devices require greater communication capacity, the need for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication is emerging compared to legacy radio access technology (RAT). In addition, massive machine type communication (mMTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is one of the key issues to consider in next-generation communication.

[0004] In addition, discussions are underway regarding communication systems to be designed with user equipment (UE) in mind, which is sensitive to reliability and latency. The introduction of next-generation wireless access technologies is being discussed with consideration of eMBB communication, mMTC, and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC).

[0005] The 5G mobile communication system is a successor technology to LTE (Long Term Evolution) and is a new clean-slate type of mobile communication system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. In the case of 5G NR, all available spectrum resources can be utilized, ranging from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz to intermediate frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz. Based on the underlying technology of 5G mobile communication, 6G mobile communication systems are being developed.

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a method for efficiently performing a wireless signal transmission and reception process and an apparatus for doing so.

[0007] The technical problems are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs from the description below.

[0008] A method by a UE (User Equipment) according to one aspect comprises: receiving resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource; dividing the PUCCH resource into a plurality of unit resources based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format and segmenting an input bit sequence including input bits based on a first bit length into a plurality of segments; selecting a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments; and transmitting a PUCCH based on the plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for the plurality of segments are mapped, wherein the first sequence may be selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource among the plurality of unit resources to which the first sequence is to be mapped for each of the plurality of segments.

[0009] Alternatively, the location of the unit resource may be determined based on the lowest or highest index among the indices of the frequency resources or time resources included in the unit resource.

[0010] Alternatively, the UE may calculate a value for at least one of a cyclic shift, a root index, and a base sequence associated with each unit resource based on the location of each of the plurality of unit resources, and determine the set of candidate sequences corresponding to each unit resource from among a preset set of sequences based on the value for at least one calculated for each unit resource.

[0011] Alternatively, the method further includes the step of receiving instruction information indicating a value for at least one of a cyclic shift, a root index, and a base sequence for each of the plurality of unit resources; and the UE can determine the set of candidate sequences corresponding to each unit resource from among a plurality of preset sequence sets based on the value for at least one indicated for each unit resource by the instruction information.

[0012] Alternatively, the method further includes the step of receiving pattern information for at least one of a cyclic shift, a root index, and a base sequence for each of the plurality of unit resources; and the UE can determine the set of candidate sequences corresponding to each unit resource among a plurality of preset sequence sets based on the pattern information.

[0013] Alternatively, the UE may select a first candidate sequence from among a plurality of first candidate sequences included in the set of candidate sequences based on the values ​​of bits included in the segment associated with the unit resource among the plurality of segments, and determine the first candidate sequence as the first sequence for the one segment.

[0014] Alternatively, the plurality of first sequences may be directly mapped to the plurality of unit resources without symbol mapping based on the fact that the plurality of candidate sequences included in the determined set of candidate sequences are complex sequences, or the plurality of first sequences may be mapped to the plurality of unit resources after performing symbol mapping based on the fact that the plurality of candidate sequences included in the determined set of candidate sequences are real sequences.

[0015] Alternatively, the input bit sequence includes bits and padding bits included in the UCI (Uplink Control Information) payload, and the bits included in the UCI payload may be divided into first bits and second bits based on the UCI type.

[0016] Alternatively, the input bit sequence may be configured to be arranged in the order of the first bits, the padding bits, and the second bits.

[0017] Alternatively, the first bit length may be determined based on the number of the plurality of unit resources and the length of the input bit sequence.

[0018] According to another aspect, at least one non-transient computer-readable storage medium comprises instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, said operations comprising: receiving resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource; dividing said PUCCH resource into a plurality of unit resources based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format and segmenting an input bit sequence including input bits based on a first bit length into a plurality of segments; selecting a first sequence for each of said segments; and transmitting a PUCCH based on said unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for said segments are mapped, said first sequence may be selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource among said unit resources to which the first sequence is to be mapped for each of said segments.

[0019] According to another aspect, a UE comprises: an RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the UE to perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include receiving resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource; dividing the PUCCH resource into a plurality of unit resources based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format and segmenting an input bit sequence including input bits based on a first bit length into a plurality of segments; selecting a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments; and transmitting a PUCCH based on the plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for the plurality of segments are mapped, wherein the first sequence may be selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource among the plurality of unit resources to which the first sequence is mapped for each of the plurality of segments.

[0020] A processing device for controlling a UE performing the communication described above according to another aspect comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include receiving resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource; dividing the PUCCH resource into a plurality of unit resources based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format and segmenting an input bit sequence including input bits based on a first bit length into a plurality of segments; selecting a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments; and transmitting a PUCCH based on the plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for the plurality of segments are mapped, wherein the first sequence may be selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource among the plurality of unit resources to which the first sequence is mapped for each of the plurality of segments.

[0021] A method by a base station according to another aspect comprises the steps of: transmitting resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource to a UE (User Equipment); and receiving a PUCCH from the UE in the PUCCH resource, wherein the base station obtains bit information for an input bit sequence segmented into a plurality of segments based on a plurality of first sequences mapped to a plurality of unit resources divided within the PUCCH resource, and the first sequence may be selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource to which the first sequence is mapped among the plurality of unit resources for each of the plurality of segments.

[0022] A base station according to another aspect comprises: a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver; and at least one processor connected to the RF transceiver; and at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the base station to perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include transmitting resource configuration information for a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) resource to a User Equipment (UE); and receiving a PUCCH from the PUCCH resource from the UE, wherein the at least one processor obtains bit information for an input bit sequence segmented into a plurality of segments based on a plurality of first sequences mapped to a plurality of unit resources divided within the PUCCH resource, and the first sequence may be selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource among the plurality of unit resources to which the first sequence is mapped for each of the plurality of segments.

[0023] According to the present disclosure, signal transmission and reception can be performed efficiently in a wireless communication system. According to one example, by setting a different set of candidate sequences for selecting a first sequence of each segment for each unit resource, scheduling flexibility of the base station can be secured while effectively preventing an increase in PAPR in the transmission of PUCCH.

[0024] The effects obtainable from various embodiments are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

[0025] The drawings attached to this specification are intended to provide an understanding of the present invention, to illustrate various embodiments of the invention, and to explain the principles of the invention together with the description in the specification.

[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary flexible network topology to which some of the examples of the present specification may be applied.

[0027] Figure 2 shows the structure of an LTE system.

[0028] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0029] Figure 4 shows the structure of a wireless frame of NR.

[0030] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0031] Figure 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0032] Figure 7 shows the electromagnetic spectrum in a communication system.

[0033] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication to which the present disclosure applies.

[0034] FIG. 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 10 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 11 illustrates a time / frequency resource for a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0037] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0038] Figure 13 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0039] FIG. 14 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0040] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating sequence types that are applied or applicable in a wireless communication system.

[0041] Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating the PUCCH resources and unit resources set for DMRS-less sequence-based PUCCH.

[0042] Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating a method for determining a sequence mapped to a unit resource.

[0043] FIGS. 18 and 19 are diagrams illustrating a method of segmenting by concatenating input bits and padding bits in a defined order.

[0044] Figure 20 is a diagram illustrating a method for sequence modulation and sequence mapping.

[0045] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating how a UE generates a PUCCH from a UCI / UCI payload.

[0046] FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating how a UE transmits a PUCCH using a sequence-based PUCCH format.

[0047] FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a method for a base station to receive a PUCCH with a sequence-based PUCCH format applied from a UE.

[0048] FIG. 24 illustrates a communication system to which the present invention is applied.

[0049] FIG. 25 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention.

[0050] FIG. 26 illustrates another example of a wireless device to which the present invention applies. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service.

[0051] FIG. 27 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

[0052] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0053] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in this specification may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0054] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0055] Additionally, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0056] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (ABC)," "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." For example, "control information" may include DEF as another example. In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "ABC," and "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." Also, when indicated as "control information (i.e., ABC)," "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information."

[0057] In addition, terms such as "first," "second," etc. in this specification are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another and are not used to limit the components, nor are they used to limit the order or importance of the components unless specifically limited. Accordingly, a first component in one embodiment of this specification may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and likewise, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0058] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0059] Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0060] In this specification, a terminal is a user-side device (user equipment, UE) or a consumer-side device, and may also be referred to as a first node that receives / transmits signals from / to a base station / second node / IAB node / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A terminal may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A terminal may correspond to a user-side endpoint or an intermediate point between other endpoints. In communication between two points not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a terminal may correspond to a served node. A terminal may be a fixed-location node or a non-fixed-location (or mobile) node.

[0061] In this specification, a Base Station (BS) is a device on the network side and may also be referred to as a second node / IAB node / x-NodeB (x-NodeB, where x may be an abbreviation related to Radio Access Technology (RAT)) / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A Base Station may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A Base Station may correspond to an endpoint on the network side or an intermediate point between other endpoints. In communication between two points not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a Base Station may correspond to a serving node. A Base Station may be a node with a fixed location or a node with an indefinite location.

[0062] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the terminal may transmit parameters such as capability to the base station as higher layer parameters. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via RRC (radio resource control) signaling or MAC (medium access control) signaling.

[0063] In this specification, information / state / parameters being "configured" or "pre-configured" may be interpreted as the information / state / parameters being provided / pre-provided to the terminal through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from the base station. In this specification, information / state / parameters being "defined" or "pre-defined" may be interpreted as being known or stored in advance by the base station and the terminal without signaling between the base station and the terminal.

[0064] The technology described in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0065] The technology described in this specification can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0066] <Symbols, Abbreviations, Terms>

[0067] - 5GC: 5G Core Network

[0068] - 5GS: 5G System

[0069] - AoA: Angle of Arrival

[0070] - AP: Access Point

[0071] - CID: Cell ID

[0072] - E-CID: Enhanced Cell ID

[0073] - GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System

[0074] - GPS: Global Positioning System

[0075] - IE: Information Element

[0076] - LCS: LoCation Service

[0077] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0078] - LPP: LTE Positioning Protocol

[0079] - MO-LR: Mobile Originated Location Request

[0080] - MT-LR: Mobile Terminated Location Request

[0081] - NRPPa: NR Positioning Protocol A

[0082] - OTDOA: Observed Time Difference Of Arrival

[0083] - PDU: Protocol Data Unit

[0084] - PRS: Positioning Reference Signal

[0085] - RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0086] - RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator

[0087] - RSTD: Reference Signal Time Difference

[0088] - ToA: Time of Arrival

[0089] - TP: Transmission Point

[0090] - TRP: Transmission and Reception Point

[0091] - UE: User Equipment

[0092] - SCS: Sub-Carrier Spacing

[0093] - SS: Search Space

[0094] - CSS: Common Search Space

[0095] - USS: UE-specific Search Space

[0096] - PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0097] - PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel;

[0098] - PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel;

[0099] - PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel;

[0100] - DCI: Downlink Control Information

[0101] - UCI: Uplink Control Information

[0102] - SI: System Information

[0103] - SIB: System Information Block

[0104] - MIB: Master Information Block

[0105] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0106] - DRX: Discontinuous Reception

[0107] - RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0108] - CSI: Channel state information

[0109] - PCell: Primary Cell

[0110] - SCell: Secondary Cell

[0111] - PSCell: Primary SCG (Secondary Cell Group) Cell

[0112] - CA: Carrier Aggregation

[0113] - WUS: Wake up Signal

[0114] - TX: Transmitter

[0115] - RX: Receiver

[0116] - RE: Resource Element

[0117] - RB: Resource Block

[0118] - RSTD: Reference Signal Time Difference

[0119] - RS: Reference Signal

[0120] - PRS: Positioning Reference Signal

[0121] - SRS: Sounding Reference Signal

[0122] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary flexible network topology to which some of the examples of the present specification may be applied.

[0123] To compensate for incomplete areas of network coverage, a network topology in which the Split Radio Access Network (RAN) is configured more flexibly and resiliently may be considered. To this end, various nodes such as IAB nodes, relays, and RF repeaters, as exemplified in Fig. 1, may be applied, and NTN may be integrated. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a relay may refer to any intermediate point, and in the case of a sidelink relay where a terminal functions as a relay, it may collectively refer to a terminal-to-network (U2N) relay and a terminal-to-terminal (U2U) relay. For example, an RF repeater may correspond to a node that performs simple signal amplification and forwarding functions, and in the case of a network-controlled repeater, it may adjust transmit / receive settings based on information provided by the network as well as signal amplification and forwarding. For example, an NTN node may correspond to a satellite or aircraft that provides NTN coverage that is difficult for a terrestrial network to provide. In addition to these examples, various intermediate points can be introduced to improve network topology.

[0124] Referring to FIG. 1, a split RAN can support the division of a base station into one centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DU). The CU and DU may correspond to logical units. The CU may be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Since a failure in the CU-CP affects not only the CU-UP but also the DU, various intermediate points may be introduced to compensate for this.

[0125] An intermediate point may correspond to a terminal or a base station depending on its relative relationship with other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a mobile-termination (MT) portion and a DU. The MT can connect the IAB node to a donor node. The DU of the IAB node may serve other terminals or connect to other IAB nodes to provide multi-hop wireless backhaul to terminals. In other words, an IAB node may correspond to a base station in its relative relationship with user-side nodes and to a terminal in its relative relationship with network-side nodes.

[0126] In some examples of this specification, the description of a terminal may apply equally to an intermediate point corresponding to a terminal in relation to a network-side endpoint as well as to a user-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of this specification, the description of a base station may apply equally to an intermediate point corresponding to a base station in relation to a user-side endpoint as well as to a network-side endpoint. However, in most cases where there is no additional description of the operation of three or more entities, the communication entities in this specification are briefly described by the term terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node), wherein the term terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node) is interpreted to include or replace any endpoint or any intermediate point in relation to other nodes.

[0127] That is, for the sake of brevity of description in some examples of this specification, the subject of the operation may be referred to as a base station and / or terminal (or a first node and / or a second node). Additionally, the term base station and / or terminal (or a first node and / or a second node) may be interpreted or substituted as in the following examples: for example, the base station (or the first node) and the terminal (or the second node) may correspond to a first endpoint and a second endpoint, respectively; may correspond to an endpoint and an intermediate point, respectively; may correspond to an intermediate point and an endpoint, respectively; or may correspond to a first intermediate point and a second intermediate point, respectively.

[0128] In this specification, there may be no intermediate points between the base station and the terminal, or there may be one or more. If intermediate points exist, the intermediate points may correspond to IAB nodes, relays, RF repeaters, NTN (non-terrestrial network) nodes, or nodes supporting other functions. The intermediate points may be nodes with a fixed location or nodes with an indefinite location.

[0129] Figure 2 shows the structure of an applicable LTE system. This can be called an E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), or an LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-A system.

[0130] Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station (20; Base Station, BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to by other terms such as MS (Mobile Station), UT (User Terminal), SS (Subscriber Station), MT (Mobile Terminal), or Wireless Device. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10) and may be referred to by other terms such as eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), or Access Point.

[0131] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other through an X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to the EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) through the S1 interface, more specifically to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) through the S1-MME and to the S-GW (Serving Gateway) through the S1-U.

[0132] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information regarding the terminal's connection information or capabilities, and this information is primarily used for managing the terminal's mobility. The S-GW is a gateway with an E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with a PDN as its endpoint.

[0133] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between a terminal and a network can be classified into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the Physical Layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides Information Transfer Services using a physical channel, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located at Layer 3, performs the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0134] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0135] Referring to FIG. 3, the NG-RAN may include gNBs and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to terminals. FIG. 7 illustrates a case where only gNBs are included. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to each other via Xn interfaces. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to the 5G Core Network (5GC) via NG interfaces. More specifically, they are connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via NG-C interfaces and to the user plane function (UPF) via NG-U interfaces.

[0136] Figure 4 shows the structure of a wireless frame of NR.

[0137] Referring to FIG. 4, radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. The radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0138] When normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0139] Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot ((N) according to the SCS setting (u) when normal CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame((N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe((N subframe,u slot ) exemplifies.

[0140] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0141] Table 2 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when an extended CP is used.

[0142] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0143] In an NR system, the OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently among multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols can be configured differently among the merged cells.

[0144] In NR, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. If the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0145] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change, for example, as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in an NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6GHz range" and FR2 may mean "above 6GHz range" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0146] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0147] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0148] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0149] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 5, a slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 6 symbols.

[0151] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through the active BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in a resource grid and can be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0152] Meanwhile, a wireless interface between terminals or a wireless interface between a terminal and a network may be composed of L1, L2, and L3 layers. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, L1 layer may refer to the physical layer. Additionally, for example, L2 layer may refer to at least one of the MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, and SDAP layer. Additionally, for example, L3 layer may refer to the RRC layer.

[0153] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0154] New network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

[0155] - Satellite Integrated Network

[0156] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0157] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0158] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0159] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0160] - Small cell networks

[0161] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0162] - High-capacity backhaul

[0163] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0164] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0165] The core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described below.

[0166] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0167] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0168] THz communication

[0169] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques that can overcome range limitations.

[0170] Transmitting system information (i.e., information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the BS required to use the service, etc.) (e.g., MIB, SIB, etc.) in the THz frequency band can be inefficient because, in the case of high frequency bands, beam sweeping must be performed more frequently to cover the entire area of ​​the cell as the beam width becomes narrow. In particular, transmitting system information in this manner is even more inefficient when there are not many users in the cell. Accordingly, a system information transmission procedure as shown in FIG. 8 below may be used.

[0171] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication to which the present disclosure applies. Although this example is written with THz conditions in mind, it is also applicable to 6G communication environments where THz is not applied. Furthermore, the procedure exemplified in FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below may be performed based on the system information obtained by the procedure exemplified in FIG. 8.

[0172] Referring to FIG. 8, the base station can transmit system information of cell #1 through cell #2 (801). That is, the base station provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses the THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated at the higher layer and the physical layer, respectively. For example, at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated at the higher layer may include at least one of SFN, control information setting for SIB1 (e.g., PDCCH configuration for SIB1, etc.), information related to cell selection / entry (e.g., cell barring, cell re-selection, etc.), and subcarrier spacing, and at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated at the physical layer may include at least one of SFN, half frame indicator, and SSB index. However, this is merely an example, and system information may include information, status, parameters, and settings related to Cell #1 / Cell #2 generated at various types of physical layers / upper layers. To this end, as an example, Cell #1 and Cell #2 may have a secondary cell and primary cell relationship.

[0173] The UE can obtain synchronization for cell #1 (803). Synchronization can be obtained by detecting a synchronization signal. Generally, synchronization is obtained prior to receiving system information, but since the system information for cell #1 is received in cell #2, synchronization for cell #1 can be obtained after receiving system information. For example, the UE can obtain synchronization based on system information. However, unlike FIG. 8, synchronization may be obtained before step 801 according to other examples.

[0174] The UE can transmit a signal to connect to Cell #1 (805). For example, the signal may include information for connecting to Cell #1 (e.g., a random access preamble). The structure of the signal and the resources for transmitting the signal (e.g., a channel) can be identified through system information. Subsequently, the UE and the base station can perform a connection procedure to Cell #1 and perform communication (807). In this process, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0175] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 8 may be performed when the UE (810) first connects to cell #1 of the base station. Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the UE (810) handovers to cell #1 of the base station. However, in the case of a handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a different base station rather than cell #2 of the base station.

[0176] Communication in the THz band is expected to experience severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations must use very sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control along with beamforming, and the number of beams used becomes very large. Therefore, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and the terminal. In addition, if the beam alignment between the base station and the terminal is misaligned due to the movement of the terminal, time is frequently required to realign the beams, which may result in an unstable link. Accordingly, a beam management procedure as shown in Fig. 9 below may be used.

[0177] FIG. 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, but is not limited to a THz environment and is applicable to a 6G communication environment. Additionally, the procedure exemplified in FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. Here, a beam may be interpreted as 'spatial (configuration) information', 'spatial domain filter', 'spatial domain transmit filter', 'spatial domain receive filter', or / and a term having an equivalent technical meaning capable of distinguishing a beam (e.g., Reference signal, SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) Index, TRP (transmission reception point), panel, cell, TP (transmission point), base station, control resource-related information (e.g., CORESET (control resource set)-related information, etc.).

[0178] Referring to FIG. 9, the base station can configure resources for beam management (901). Here, the resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is spatially separated from existing downlink signals / channels for beam search. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port may be a port different from the port for transmitting existing downlink signals / channels (e.g., synchronization signals (e.g., SSB, etc.), data channels (e.g., PDSCH, etc.)). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. That is, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / configured for beam search may be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0179] The base station can transmit measurement signals using multiple transmission beams (903). For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams required for measurement, and may be transmitted using a multi-beam transmission method that forms multiple beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0180] The UE can transmit a feedback signal to the base station (905). The feedback signal indicates at least one beam selected by the UE. The UE can select at least one preferred beam based on the received measurement signals. The UE and the base station can perform communication (907). At this time, the UE and the base station can perform communication using the previously selected beam. If channel reciprocity is established, the UE's transmission beam can also be determined through operations 903 and 905, so the UE's transmission can also be performed using the beam selected in operation 905. If channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including the transmission of the UE's measurement signals and the transmission of the base station's feedback signal may be performed first to determine the UE's transmission beam. In operation 907, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0181] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0182] Wireless sensing is a technology that utilizes radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, and distance (range) of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to objects via devices within a network, they can provide services for determining object locations without the need for devices. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing may utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, that is, the sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks into wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0183] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 10(a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same position (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 10(b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0184] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, referring to FIG. 10(a), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in a single base station (i.e., the same base station) or a single terminal (i.e., the same terminal). Alternatively, referring to FIG. 10(b), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in different base stations, in different terminals, or in a terminal and a base station, respectively.

[0185] In this regard, based on whether the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are each included in a base station or a terminal, the following six types of sensing modes can be defined.

[0186] - Mode 1: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in a single base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in monostatic mode)

[0187] - Second mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the first base station and the sensing receiver is included in a second base station different from the first base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in bistatic mode)

[0188] - 3rd Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the base station and the sensing receiver is included in the terminal (e.g., base station-terminal sensing mode)

[0189] - 4th Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the terminal and the sensing receiver is included in the base station (e.g., terminal-base station sensing mode)

[0190] - 5th Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are contained in a single terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in monostatic mode)

[0191] - 6th mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the first terminal and the sensing receiver is included in a second terminal different from the first terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in bistatic mode)

[0192] In a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, one or more of the six types of sensing modes described above may be utilized independently or in combination.

[0193] In relation to the sensing operation in FIG. 10, the sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing signal may correspond to a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification. The sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects) from the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. In the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and sensing results may be generated / obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). The sensing result thus generated / acquired may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) provided by a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, or may be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0194] Additionally, the sensing operation in FIG. 10 is described using a representative example of operation in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network, but it can be extended and applied to cases where terminals / base stations / signals based on previous generations (e.g., 4G, 5G, etc.) networks are utilized.

[0195] Additionally, with respect to the wireless sensing described in this specification, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of this specification, time / frequency resources for sensing operations and time / frequency resources for general communication (e.g., UL / DL / sidelink-based communication, etc.) may be scheduled / configured separately.

[0196] FIG. 11 illustrates a time / frequency resource for a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0197] Referring to FIG. 11, the time / frequency resources (hereinafter, sensing resources) for the aforementioned sensing operation (e.g., sensing operation based on FIG. 10) can be set / assigned separately from the time / frequency resources (hereinafter, communication resources) for general communication.

[0198] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, sensing resources may be configured / assigned in units of symbols in the time domain and / or in units of resource blocks in the frequency domain. Resources other than those configured / assigned to the sensing resources may be utilized as resources for general communication. That is, sensing resources and communication resources may be configured / assigned based on time-division multiplexing (TDM) and / or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) methods in terms of base station / terminal operation. Additionally or alternatively, unlike that illustrated in FIG. 10, sensing resources may be configured / assigned based on other units in the time domain (e.g., slot, frame, absolute time (ms, us), etc.) and / or other units in the frequency domain (e.g., subcarrier, carrier, absolute frequency (MHz, GHz), etc.).

[0199] Additionally or alternatively, in relation to the setup / allocation / scheduling of resources for general communication described herein, it may be necessary to consider the relationship between said resources and the aforementioned sensing resources. For example, when setting / allocating resources for general communication according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, said resources may be set / allocated to rate-match or puncturing resource areas corresponding to the sensing resources. For example, when scheduling resources for general communication according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, said resources may be scheduled so as not to overlap with resource areas corresponding to the sensing resources. If resources for general communication and resource areas corresponding to the sensing resources are set / allocated / scheduled to overlap according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, either one or both operations may be dropped, skipped, or postponed based on priority, predefined rules, etc. That is, in the embodiments of this specification, resources related to general communication (e.g., resources for signals / channels related to UL / DL / Sidelink-based data / control, etc.) may be configured / assigned / scheduled so as not to overlap with the aforementioned sensing resources.

[0200] Additionally, various channel modeling methods may be applied in relation to the wireless sensing described herein. Channel modeling related to sensing may mean constructing a path for transmitting and receiving sensing signals and / or scattered / reflected signals by considering the object to be sensed and / or the environment to which the object belongs. Since channel modeling may be related to the performance / requirements of sensing in a wireless communication system, it may be an important matter for verifying the validity of the sensing function.

[0201] Channels related to sensing can be classified into channels between an object (e.g., target of interest) and a sensing transmitter / receiver, and channels between the environment to which the object belongs and a sensing transmitter / receiver. In this regard, channel modeling related to sensing can be classified based on the sensing mode (e.g., the six types of modes mentioned above), whether it is an object or an environment, and / or sensing scenarios. For example, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode, channel modeling for an environment in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, and channel modeling for an environment in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode can be optimized and configured differently. For example, when various sensing scenarios are classified, they can be divided into channel modeling for detection, location, and tracking scenarios, channel modeling for motion recognition, and channel modeling for imaging / environment reconstruction scenarios. Additionally, channel modeling related to sensing may be based on statistical channel modeling techniques and / or deterministic channel modeling techniques. For example, modeling for sensing in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of this specification may be based on stochastic geometry channel modeling techniques and / or hybrid with ray tracing channel modeling techniques. Here, the stochastic geometry channel model may be based on various statistical characteristics of the channel state. Furthermore, the hybrid channel model may be based on both ray tracing techniques and stochastic techniques.In the case of a hybrid approach, channels for objects requiring high accuracy and consistency (e.g., targets of interest) can be modeled using ray tracing techniques, while channels for the environment can be modeled using probabilistic techniques.

[0202] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments.

[0203] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, in the case of a sensing operation in which a terminal participates, the base station may need to verify (1205) the terminal's capability for the sensing operation. In this regard, the terminal may be configured to report capability information to the base station regarding whether it supports the sensing operation. Additionally, or alternatively, if the terminal is defined in advance in the specification as supporting the sensing operation, the procedure may be omitted. Furthermore, in the case of a sensing operation in which only the base station participates, the base station may be configured to report capability information regarding whether it supports the sensing operation to the entity setting / controlling its sensing operation (e.g., a network entity at the upper level / layer of the base station).

[0204] For example, a base station may perform signaling with a terminal to exchange configuration information related to a sensing operation. For example, the base station may set / instruct the terminal information regarding the mode of the sensing operation (e.g., based on the six types of modes mentioned above), the subject of the sensing operation (e.g., a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver), the resource of the sensing operation (e.g., a sensing resource as shown in FIG. 11), the target of utilization of the sensing result (e.g., a type of wireless sensing service based on a 6G network, a trusted third party), and channel modeling for sensing (e.g., a channel between the base station / terminal and an object / environment) (1210). For example, the base station may receive such information from a network entity at the upper level / layer of the base station.

[0205] For example, a base station and / or terminal may perform a sensing operation on information set / instructed (1215). For example, the base station and / or terminal may perform procedures such as transmitting a sensing signal as in FIG. 9 described above, receiving scattered / reflected signals, deriving sensing data, obtaining a sensing result through processing the sensing data, and providing the sensing result, as a role of a sensing transmitter and / or sensing receiver. For example, in the operation of the base station / terminal described in this specification, the sensing result provided through the sensing operation may be utilized.

[0206] artificial intelligence

[0207] The introduction of AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0208] The following describes a functional framework for AI / ML operations.

[0209] Below, to provide a more specific explanation of AI (or AI / ML), terms may be defined as follows.

[0210] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals, serving as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0211] - AI Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0212] - AI / ML Training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent data and acquire an AI / ML model trained for inference.

[0213] - AI / ML Inference: A process of making predictions or deriving decisions based on collected data and AI models using trained AI models.

[0214] Life Cycle Management (LCM) procedures for AI / ML models (i.e., model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, model updating, etc.) can be classified into functionality-based LCM and model-based LCM. In functionality-based LCM, AI / ML models may not be identifiable within the network, and the network can direct the activation, deactivation, fallback, or switching of AI / ML functionality. In model-ID (identifier)-based LCM, AI / ML models can be identified within the network, and the network or terminal can activate, deactivate, select, or switch AI / ML models via the model ID.

[0215] Figure 13 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0216] In particular, FIG. 13 illustrates a general functional architecture related to both Functionality-based LCM and Model-based LCM. Some functions or some data / information / command flows (i.e., arrows) illustrated in FIG. 13 may be omitted.

[0217] Referring to FIG. 13, a general functional framework may be configured to include a data collection function (10), a model training function (20), a management function (30), an inference function (40), and a model storage function (50).

[0218] The Data Collection function (10) is a function that provides input data to the Model Training function (20), Management function (30), and Inference function (40). The Data Collection function (10) performs data preparation based on raw data and can provide input data processed through data preparation. Examples of raw data may include received data / measurement data from terminals or other network entities, inference / output of AI / ML models, etc. The Data Collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., terminal, network node, etc.) but may also be performed by multiple entities.

[0219] Here, training data (11) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML model training function (20). monitoring data (12) refers to data required as input for the management (30) of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. inference data (13) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML inference function (30).

[0220] The Model Training function (20) is a function that performs AI / ML model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics that can be used as part of the AI / ML model testing procedure. If necessary, the Model Training function (20) can perform data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming and transformation) based on the Training Data (11) delivered from the Data Collection function (10).

[0221] Trained / Updated Model (21): If there is a Model Storage function (50), it is used to transfer trained, validated, and tested AI / ML models to the Model Storage function (50) or to transfer updated versions of the models to the Model Storage function (50).

[0222] The Management function (30) is a function that supervises the operation of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML function. Additionally, the Management function (30) may make decisions to ensure appropriate inference operations based on data received from the Data Collection function (10) (i.e., Monitoring Data (12)) and / or data received from the Inference function (40) (i.e., Inference Output (41)).

[0223] Management Instruction (32) is information required as input to manage the Inference function (40). The relevant information may include the selection / (de)activation / switching of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML-based function, and may also include a fallback to a non-AI / ML operation (i.e., not relying on the inference process).

[0224] A Model Transfer / Delivery Request (33) can be used to request model(s) from Model Storage (50).

[0225] Performance Feedback / Retraining Request (31) refers to information required as input to Model Training function (20) (e.g., for the purpose of retraining or updating the model).

[0226] The inference function (40) is a function that provides output from the process of applying an AI / ML model or AI / ML function using data (i.e., inference data (13)) provided by the data collection (10) as input. Data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting and transformation) may also be performed based on the inference data (13) delivered by the data collection (10). If necessary, the inference function (40) may also perform data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming and transformation) based on the inference data (13) provided by the data collection function (10).

[0227] Inference Output (41) is data used in the Management function (30) to monitor the performance of an AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference Output (41) may include the inference output of an AI / ML model generated by the Inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0228] The Model Storage function (50) is a function that stores a trained / updated model that can be used to perform the Inference function (40). The Model Storage function (50) exemplified in FIG. 5 can be used as a reference point (if any) applicable to protocol termination, model transmission / delivery, and related processes. Additionally, the Model Storage function (50) is an example and is not intended to restrict the storage location of the actual AI / ML model, and may be omitted.

[0229] Model Transfer / Delivery (51) is used to transfer an AI / ML model to an inference function.

[0230] Cooperation levels can be defined as follows based on the capability of AI / ML functions among multiple nodes, and variations resulting from the combination of multiple levels or the separation of any one level are also possible.

[0231] Cat 0a) No collaboration framework: AI / ML algorithms are based on pure implementation and do not require changes to the wireless interface.

[0232] Cat 0b) This level corresponds to a framework that involves a wireless interface modified to fit efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms but without cooperation.

[0233] Cat 1) Inter-node support is involved to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, this applies when a specific node receives support from other nodes (for training, adaptation, etc.) and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0234] Cat 2) Collaborative AI / ML tasks can be performed among multiple nodes. This level requires the exchange of AI / ML model commands or network nodes.

[0235] AI / ML models can be classified into one-side models and two-side models depending on whether training and / or inference are performed on a single node or jointly / sequentially on multiple nodes.

[0236] A one-side model can refer to an AI / ML model where inference is performed entirely by a single node (e.g., a terminal or a network). Here, the training of the AI / ML model can also be performed entirely by a single node. The training and inference of the AI / ML model may be performed by the same node, or they may be performed by different nodes.

[0237] A two-side model can refer to an AI / ML model in which joint inference is performed across multiple nodes (e.g., terminals and networks). Joint inference means that inference is performed collaboratively across multiple nodes; for example, the first part of the inference may be performed by the first node, and the remainder by the second node. Two-side models can be classified into various types as follows, depending on the training method of the AI / ML model.

[0238] - First type: An AI / ML model can be trained on a single node. In this case, joint training can be performed. The trained model can then be distributed to other nodes / entities.

[0239] - Second type: Joint training of AI / ML models can be performed on multiple nodes / entities (e.g., networks and terminals). Joint training can mean that model generation (e.g., CSI generation) and model reconstruction (CSI compression by sub-use cases) are trained in the same loop for forward activation and backward gradient. In this type, joint training can include both simultaneous training (i.e., model generation training and model reconstruction training are performed simultaneously) and sequential training (i.e., model reconstruction training is performed after model generation training).

[0240] - Third Type: Separate training of AI / ML models can be performed at multiple nodes (e.g., networks and terminals). Separate training may mean that training starts sequentially at one node and continues at another node. In this case, if the first node performs the AI / ML model first and shares the training data with the second node, the second node can perform the AI / ML model using the shared training data. For example, training for the CSI generation part may be performed by the terminal, while CSI reconstruction may be performed by the network.

[0241] FIG. 14 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0242] The operations described below may be explained / interpreted based on an AI / ML model as shown in FIG. 14 below, even without separate mention (i.e., without explicit mention of being by / based on / for an AI / ML model). Furthermore, unless specifically limited, the AI / ML model may correspond to a one-side model in which inference is performed entirely by a single node or a two-side model in which joint inference is performed by multiple nodes.

[0243] First signaling (601): In the following description, the signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node may be interpreted as the signaling or set of signaling of the first signaling (601) used to perform an operation based on an AI / ML model, even if not otherwise mentioned. For example, it may correspond to training data for training (i.e., creation and / or reconstruction) of the AI / ML model of FIG. 13, or to inference data used for inference of the AI / ML model, or to feedback for the AI / ML model, etc. If, in this specification, signaling between nodes is not required prior to an operation based on an AI / ML model, the first signaling (601) may be omitted. If a one-side model is used in this specification, the unidirectional / bidirectional signaling (set) in this specification may correspond to the signaling of the first signaling (601). Additionally, when a two-side model is used in the present specification, unidirectional / bidirectional signaling in the present specification may correspond to the first signaling (601), and repetitive signaling operation may also correspond to the first signaling (601).

[0244] For example, in AI / ML model-based beam management, when a base station predicts (i.e., infers) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model, the base station can receive quality / intensity information for multiple beams from the terminal. Additionally, when a terminal predicts (i.e., infers) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model, the terminal can receive multiple beams from the base station.

[0245] AI / ML model-based operation (602): In the following description, an operation (e.g., computation, selection, prediction, etc.) at a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) or a common operation (e.g., computation, selection, prediction, etc.) at multiple nodes (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602) based on one or more functions in the functional framework of the 17I / ML model, even without separate mention. For example, it may correspond to the training (i.e., creation and / or reconstruction) of the AI / ML model of FIG. 13 or to the inference of the AI / ML model. When a one-side model is used, an operation performed by a single node in this specification may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602), and when a two-side model is used, a common operation performed by multiple nodes in this specification may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602).

[0246] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, a base station can predict (i.e., infer) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model by using quality / intensity information for multiple beams received from a terminal as inference data. Additionally, a terminal can measure multiple beams received from a base station and predict (i.e., infer) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model by using the measurement results as inference data.

[0247] Second signaling (603): In the following description, signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or a set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node may be interpreted as the second signaling (603) or a set of signaling generated as a result of an operation based on an AI / ML model, even if not otherwise mentioned. For example, it may correspond to the output resulting from the inference of the AI / ML model of FIG. 13. If signaling between nodes is not required as a result of an operation based on an AI / ML model in this specification, the second signaling (603) may be omitted. If a one-side model is used in this specification, the unidirectional / bidirectional signaling (set) in this specification may correspond to the second signaling (603). Additionally, when a two-side model is used in this specification, unidirectional / bidirectional signaling in this specification may correspond to the second signaling (603), and repetitive signaling operation may also correspond to the second signaling (603).

[0248] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, the base station may transmit beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model as candidates to the terminal so that the terminal can determine the optimal beam. Additionally, the terminal may report the beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model to the base station to request the base station to transmit candidate beams as candidates for determining the optimal beam.

[0249] Sequences

[0250] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating sequence types that are applied or applicable in a wireless communication system.

[0251] In the field of wireless communication, various types and kinds of sequence sets have been used in multiple applications. In 6G, m-sequences, gold sequences, and ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequences, which are widely used in existing NR, can be reused. Alternatively, the introduction of new sequences considering the characteristics of specific sequences in 6G may be discussed in earnest. For candidate sequences that can be newly introduced in 6G and the characteristics of each candidate, one may refer to the paper (JM Velazquez-Gutierrez and C. Vargas-Rosales, “Sequence Sets in Wireless Communication systems: A Survey”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1225-1248, 2017). For example, the sequences described below may be determined and applied as sequences used in 6G PUCCH based on their sequence characteristics.

[0252] (1) Traditional Sequences, GCF)

[0253] Traditional sequences may include sequences designed without satisfying conditions for the two correlation functions constituting the GCF (Generalized Correlation Function), or sequences not based on a specific application. For example, traditional sequences may include PN (Pseudo-Noise) sequences and Hadamard sequences. PN sequences may include LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register) sequences (or, m-sequences), NLFSR (Non-Linear Feedback Shift Register) sequences, etc.

[0254] 1) PN sequences can have the following characteristics.

[0255] - Long period, large linear span, low nontrivial partial-period correlation value, large family size, and easy implementation

[0256] - Two-valued ACF ((Auto-Correlation Function); helps in synchronization

[0257] - Good ACF, bad CCF (Cross-Correlation Function)

[0258] LFSR 시퀀스는 하기와 같은 특성을 가질 수 있다.

[0259] - Relatively small number of sequences

[0260] - Gold sequences; modulo-2 addition of two different m-sequence

[0261] - Kasami sequences; optimal with respect to Welch's bound for GCF

[0262] - Gordon-Mills-Welch (GMW) sequence; balance property

[0263] - Dual Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) sequence; widely

[0264] - In particular, m-sequences (Gold, Kasami, GMW) can have the following characteristics: ① long sequence, good ACF (two-valued), easy to construct (LFSR) ② irregular CCF patterns and poor relationship of GCF -> undesirable in asynchronous systems (multipath derives out of phase correlation value)

[0265] NLFSR sequences can have the following characteristics.

[0266] - Difficult to predict: widely used in cryptography application

[0267] - Non-Linear Maximal-Length (NLML) sequences; good properties against eavesdropping attacks

[0268] - Bent sequences; balanced sequence

[0269] - De Brujin (DB) sequence; long period and low predictability

[0270] Other SN sequences may be as follows.

[0271] - Some requirements or properties are relaxed in order to obtain advantages

[0272] - Barker Sequences; minimum possible out of phase ACF value (widely used for synchronization)

[0273] - Kronecker sequence (composite sequence); longer period

[0274] -Like-Family sequence; Gold-like sequence (identical correlation magnitude and family size) but having larger linear span

[0275] - Low Correlation Zone (LCZ) sequence; low correlation around the origin

[0276] 2) Hadamard sequences may have the following characteristics.

[0277] - Derived from Hadamard matrix

[0278] - Perfect GCF (ACF&CCF), but sidelobe is considerable (interference-limited)

[0279] - Poor performance when async reception

[0280] In addition, Hadamard sequences can be classified into the following sequence types.

[0281] - Walsh-Hadamard (WH) sequences; easy to generate & implement

[0282] - Paley-Hadamard (PH) sequences

[0283] - Williamson-Hadamard (WiH) sequences

[0284] - Golay-Hadamard (GH) sequences

[0285] - Skew-Hadamard sequences

[0286] - Hadamard (Walsh, Paley, Williamson, Golay, skew)

[0287] (2) Complementary Sequences

[0288] The complementary sequence may have the following characteristics, features, and types.

[0289] 1) Properties

[0290] - N (sequence length) increases exponentially while set or family size increases sqrt(N)

[0291] - Low side lobe of ACF, good CCF (zero at almost all of the time shift): advantage in asynchronous WCS

[0292] - Good GCF within a complementary set -> good for asynchronous reception, multi-user multiplexing. Even if DMRS-less, it simply means phase rotation is not distinguished, so it may not be asynchronous.

[0293] - Family size (K), and flock size (M) are relatively small for given length(N) of sequence

[0294] - Family size -> number of UEs, flock size -> information size

[0295] - For complete complementary code, N = 4^n, K = sqrt(N), M = sqrt(N)

[0296] 2) Characteristics

[0297] - Two sequences are said to be complementary if half of the elements of one sequence are identical to those of the other sequence and the other half of the elements are the complement of those of the other sequence.

[0298] - Good ACF / CCF

[0299] - Parameters; K the number of set or families, M the set or flock size, N the length

[0300] 3) 타입

[0301] - CC (Complete Complementary) 코드; ideal ACF but number of users are small

[0302] - SC (Super complementary) 코드; increased user set while similar correlation properties, iterative generation algorithm

[0303] - PC (Perfect Complementary) 코드; general form of CC, increased set size while keep PG constant

[0304] - GC (Grouped Complementary) 코드; cyclic shifted perfect code matrix(retain GCF but significant increase the set size). Trade-off between set size and correlation properties

[0305] - RM (Reed-Muller) complementary code; Boolean property (linearity, recursive structure, weight distribution, error correction)

[0306] (3) Interference-Free Window Sequences (IFW)

[0307] An interference-free window sequence can have the following characteristics.

[0308] - Special case of complementary codes, set of codes that exhibit a window with good GCF among their members

[0309] - K, M, N + W (length of window freedom of interference)

[0310] - Usually W << N

[0311] Interference-free window sequences may include the following types.

[0312] - ZCZ (Zero Correlation Zone) sequence; Many ZCZ are non-binary codes

[0313] Here, ZCZ can have characteristics such as ① a special case of complementary sequence (sacrifice correlation property to provide the largest family / flock size), ② sidelobes are located in specific phases, and ③ increased processing complexity of the signal and a small window size.

[0314] - LA (Large Area) codes; maximum ACF and {side-lobe of ACF and CCF} is minimum. Relatively small number of families, ACF & length of sequence is proportional

[0315] - GPC (Generalized Pairwise Codes); adjustable window length, flock size is two

[0316] - GPZ (Generalized Pairwise Z) complementary; ZCZ around the zero shift and smaller data processing than GPC

[0317] - IGC (Inter-Group Complementary) codes; G groups, each group has M set size but only P < M codes are ZCZ with length N and window size W. interference-resistance property

[0318] - Ternary-ZCZ (Ternary Sequences with ZCZ); no general methods to generate (proposals use traditional sequences as seed)

[0319] 한편, 간섭 없는 윈도우 시퀀스와 관련하여 LS 패밀리 (Loosely Synchronized family)는 하기와 같은 특성 및 유형을 포함할 수 있다.

[0320] - Relatively good GCF inside window

[0321] - Increased spectral efficiency & capacity based on CDMA.

[0322] - LAS (Large Area synchronized) code

[0323] - DBL (Daoben Lab) access code; codes are divided into several groups and the IFW between the two different code groups are enlarged

[0324] - Walsh-LS code

[0325] (4) Complex Sequences

[0326] A polyphase sequence (PS) can be a representative complex sequence.

[0327] PS can be defined as shown in Equation 1 below and can have the characteristics of an ideal periodic ACF and an acceptable non-periodic CCF.

[0328] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0329]

[0330] PS can include the following types.

[0331] 1) PSW (Properly scrambled Walsh-Hadamard): easy construction, flexible code family size, no zero insertion

[0332] 2) The characteristics of the FZC (Frank-Zadoff-Chu) sequent are as follows.

[0333] - Perfect polyphase sequence

[0334] - constant amplitude(low PAPR, time-flat interference), cyclic ACF, CCF of FZC sequence of different families is constant

[0335] - Other known perfect polyphase sequences; Frank sequence, Generalized Chirp-Like sequence, Milewski sequence, Welti sequence, Park-Park-Song-Suehiro (PS)

[0336] - Constant amplitude -> limits PAPR, bounded & time-flat interference

[0337] - Cyclic ACF results in dirac-impulse at time zero -> easy to find out timing offset by correlation

[0338] - CCF of two different sequences of (relatively prime) families is constant -> only single FZC sequence generate a maximum during cross-correlation

[0339] 3) CCK (Complementary-Code-key); derived from CC (Complementary Code)

[0340] 4) EOP (Extended orthogonal polyphase) codes; extension to CC code using FZC

[0341] 5) Quadriphase sequences (QS)

[0342] The sequences described above can be defined as shown in Table 5 below.

[0343]

[0344] DMRS-less PUCCH

[0345] In the Re-16 CE (coverage enhancement) study item phase, when DMRS is excluded and transmission occurs within a specific UCI payload range, the transmit power is applied to the resources where the PUCCH is actually transmitted; consequently, there may exist sections in the fading channel where the received Bit Error Rate (BER) performance is superior compared to cases with DMRS. Additionally, a study item has been proposed regarding DMRS-less PUCCH or sequence-based PUCCH, which lowers the false alarm probability. Specific details regarding NR coverage enhancement related to this are as follows.

[0346] Specifically, a study item was conducted on a DMRS-less PUCCH. The performance improvement (Signal-to-Noise Ratio; SNR) of the DMRS-less PUCCH compared to the Rel-15 / 16 standard is listed in Table 6, and the performance improvement in terms of PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) / CM (Cubic Metric) is described in Table 7. The main simulation assumptions for the DMRS-less PUCCH are listed in Table 8.

[0347] Simulated scenarioPerformance metricObserved SNR gainsScenario 1: 2 bits UCIBaseline: PF1Enhancement: DMRS-less PUCCH1% FA, 1% ACK miss detection, 0.1% NACK->ACK error3dB3dB3~4dBScenario 2: 3 / 4 / 6 bits UCIBaseline: PF3Enhancement: DMRS-less PUCCHNote: Source 2 (R1-2009602) / Source 7 (R1-2008420) simulated 3-7 bits UCI1% BLER3dB3dB1.5 ~ 2.1dB0 ~ 0.2dB1% FA, 1% BLER0dB0.3~0.5dB1% FA, 1% ACK miss detection, and 0.1% NACK to ACK1~2dB2.8dB1dB0dBScenario 3: 11 bits UCIBaseline: PF3Enhancement: DMRS-less PUCCHNote: Source 2 (R1-2009602) / Source 7 (R1-2008420) simulated 8-11 bits UCI1% BLER3~4dB0.8~1.5dB3dB2.4dB2~3dB1.5~2.1dB0 ~ 0.2dB1 ~ 2.7dB1% FA, 1% BLER0.3dB2.1dB1% FA, 1% ACK miss detection, and 0.1% NACK to ACK error4dB3.8dB4dB0.9~4.8dB4.1dB2.8dB0dB1% FA, 1% BLER, and 5% undetectable error rate4dB1.5~2.8dB3dB2dB0dBScenario 3: 22 / 24 bits UCIBaseline: PF3Enhancement: DMRS-less PUCCH1% BLER-2dB1dB

[0348] Modulation orderObserved PAPR / CM gainQPSK3.5dB PARR gain1dB CM gain6.3dB PAPR gain4.5dB PAPR gain1.7dB CM gainPi / 2 BPSK0.5dB PAPR gain0.6dB CM gain4.8 dB PAPR gain2.4dB PAPR gain

[0349] CompanyKey simulation assumptionsSource 1(R1-2009696)Channel model of TDL-C 300 ns, UE speed of 3km / hReceiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: ML coherent receiverReceiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML noncoherent sequence detectorSource 2(R1-2009602)Channel model of TDL-C 300 ns, UE speed of 3km / hReceiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: ML coherent receiver (MMSE channel estimator and equalizer) and non-coherent receiverReceiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML noncoherent sequence detector / correlatorSource 3(R1-2009802)Channel model of TDL-C and TDL-A with up to 800 ns channel delay spread (including effects of timing error),up to 1111 Hz doppler (including effect of frequency error)Receiver assumption 1:- Receiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: noncoherent ML detection performed on union of PUCCH DMRS and UCI symbols. Error detection based on noncoherent duo metric.- Receiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML noncoherent receiver (correlator with 2D-FFT or fast Hadamard transform)Receiver assumption 2:- Receiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: ML coherent receiver- Receiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML noncoherent receiver (correlator with 2D-FFT or fast Hadamard transform)Source 4(R1-2008400)Receiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: MMSE channel estimation (with genie Doppler and delay spread) + ML coherent detectionReceiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML noncoherent sequence detector / correlatorSource 5(R1-2008027)Channel model of TDL-C 300 nsReceiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: ML coherent receiverReceiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML noncoherent sequence detector / correlatorSource 6(R1-2009648)Channel model of TDL-C 100 ns,UE speed of 3km / hReceiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: ML coherent receiverReceiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML noncoherent sequence detector / correlatorIdeal noise power estimation is used for both receiver for both legacy PUCCH and new sequence based PUCCH, and the noise power is used only in DTX detection.Source 7(R1-2008420,R1-2009737)Channel model of TDL-C 300 ns, UE speed of 3km / hReceiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: conventional and ML noncoherentreceiverReceiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML noncoherent receiverSource 8(R1-2009451)Receiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: advanced receivers for <=11 bits (non-coherent ML), conventional receiver for 22 bits (LS channel estimation + MMSE / MRC)Receiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML noncoherent sequence detector / correlator for 4 / 11 bit case; non-coherent LLR unit adapted to 3GPP polar code for 22-bit case. Also simulated low-complexity receiver for 11-bit UCI case.Source 9(R1-2009747)Channel model of TDL-C 300 ns,UE speed of 3km / h or 120km / hReceiver assumption A:- Receiver (higher complexity) for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: ML non-coherent receiver- Receiver (higher complexity) for sequence based PUCCH: ML non-coherent receiverReceiver assumption B:- Receiver (lower complexity) for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: 2D-Wiener filter based channel estimation + MMSE equalization+ ML coherent detection- Receiver (lower complexity) for sequence based PUCCH: Rx signal combination +CHIRRUP algorithm based sequence detectionSource 10(R1-2008272)Channel model of TDL-C 300 ns, UE speed of 3km / hReceiver for Rel-15 / 16 PUCCH: LMMSE-IRC receiver.Receiver for sequence based PUCCH: ML correlation.,

[0350] In the case of DMRS-less PUCCH, the following impacts may occur from a specification perspective. A new PUCCH format must be defined, and a power control method for the newly defined PUCCH format must also be defined and included. Such a new PUCCH format will be added to the existing PUCCH format. Two approaches for generating sequences for DMRS-less PUCCH (e.g., reusing CGS / ZC / Gold / m-sequences defined in Rel-15 / 16 or designing new sequences) were considered. If CGS / ZC / Gold / m-sequences of the same length supported by the Rel-15 / 16 specification are reused, there is no need to define a new sequence separately. However, if a new sequence (where the sequence type is new or the same type as in Rel-15 / 16 but with a different length) or a modified sequence based on the UCI encoding method of NR Rel-15 / 16 is adopted, the corresponding sequence or modified encoding method must be defined. UCI-to-sequence mapping and sequence-to-RE mapping must also be defined. If new sequences other than the Rel-15 / 16 CGS / ZC / Gold / m-sequences are adopted, new RAN4 MPR requirements may need to be defined. UCI multiplexing methods for the corresponding new PUCCH format must also be defined.

[0351] In the case of DMRS-less PUCCH, the receiver must implement a non-coherent sequence detector or correlator to receive the new PUCCH format. Channel and noise covariance matrix estimation using DMRS is not required when receiving the new PUCCH format. The receiver implementation for the new PUCCH format is an extension of the receiver for PUCCH Format 0; while both formats are based on asynchronous sequence detectors, the new receiver must perform correlation operations on a larger sequence pool. The size of this sequence pool increases exponentially with the number of UCI bits. Computationally efficient implementations of receivers for the new PUCCH format have been studied, and their complexity may be lower or higher than that of the decoder of an existing coherent receiver, depending on the selected sequence type, UCI payload size, and the implementation method of the existing NR PUCCH receiver. gNB receivers can utilize PUCCH DMRS for channel parameter estimation, channel tracking, and interference estimation. However, since DMRS is absent in the new PUCCH format, these gNB receivers must rely on other reference signals or data-based estimation and tracking methods. For the receiver's non-coherent sequence detector, if existing implementations perform noise and interference power estimation based on the presence of DMRS, changes to the implementation of the discontinuous transmission (DTX) detection function may be required.

[0352] For DMRS-less PUCCH, the UE must implement UCI-to-sequence mapping and sequence-to-RE mapping functions for the new PUCCH format. The following four approaches can be considered for sequence implementation methods for DMRS-less PUCCH.

[0353] - Approach 1: Reuse CGS / ZC / Gold / m-sequence generation schemes defined in Rel-15 / 16 with the same sequence length

[0354] - Approach 2: Reusing CGS / ZC / Gold / m-sequence generation schemes defined in Rel-15 / 16 for different sequence lengths

[0355] - Access 3: Generate a sequence by modifying the UCI encoding scheme of NR Rel-15 / 16

[0356] - Approach 4: Implement a new sequence generation method not included in the methods described above, provided that the sequence is adopted in the specification.

[0357] For long format PUCCH, the maximum number of UCI bits that DMRS-less PUCCH can support is 11 bits. It has not yet been concluded in RAN1 whether the minimum number of UCI bits that DMRS-less PUCCH can support is 2 bits or 3 bits.

[0358] The method proposed in the aforementioned study can consider the encoded bits, on which channel coding has been performed, as sequence modulation rather than actively using sequence modulation, such as proposing a new sequence or selecting a specific sequence based on a combination of UCIs. In this case, structural changes to the transmitter and receiver can be minimized. In this regard, the use of sequence-based PUCCH in environments with limited uplink coverage has been proposed. A clear advantage is that the encoder at the transmitter can be reused by using channel coding as sequence modulation. However, such methods lack multi-UE multiplexing capability. Furthermore, since channel coding is not set with a focus on the correlation characteristics between coded bits at the receiver, reception performance may degrade compared to cases where sequences reflecting existing cross-correlation and / or auto-correlation characteristics are used, and the complexity of the receiver may also increase. Above all, the aforementioned method cannot be flexibly used or applied according to variable UCI (uplink control information) payloads, which may lead to a problem of reduced scheduling flexibility.

[0359] Against this backdrop, we propose a generalized PUCCH format for sequence-based PUCCH below.

[0360] Type 1 PUCCH format for sequence based PUCCH

[0361] The proposed sequence-based PUCCH may mean that the terminal transmits a sequence-based PUCCH based on a separate PUCCH format to which sequence modulation (or sequence mapping) determined according to a prior agreement / consensus and / or instructions from the base station can be applied. In order to apply the PUCCH format (hereinafter, sequence-based PUCCH format) to which sequence modulation or sequence mapping (hereinafter, sequence modulation) can be applied as proposed below, the UE may receive a signal from the base station regarding whether to apply the sequence-based PUCCH format in the form of RRC, MAC-CE and / or DCI, etc., determine whether to apply the sequence-based PUCCH format based on the UCI payload size, or determine whether to apply the sequence-based PUCCH format based on a combination of the signaling from the base station such as RRC, MAC-CE and / or DCI and the UCI payload size.

[0362] The UE may transmit a PUCCH using a sequence-based PUCCH format according to a setting from the gNB (or a pre-agreed agreement). For example, if the UCI payload is within a certain range (e.g., the bit size of the UCI payload is less than or equal to a specific bit size) (e.g., the UCI payload is 3 to 11 bits or 1 to 11 bits, etc.), and / or if the UE receives an explicit instruction from the base station regarding the use / application of a PUCCH format (e.g., a sequence-based PUCCH format), the UE may decide to transmit a PUCCH using / application of a sequence-based PUCCH format. The following advantages / benefits can be obtained through the method described below. Based on the same PUCCH format, the (multi)UE MUX capability can be improved by transmitting PUCCH using different sequence sets for each unit resource for PUCCH resources composed of multiple unit resources, from a structure in which a single UE maps and transmits a single sequence to a PUCCH resource composed of multiple RBs / symbols according to the base station configuration.

[0363] Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating the PUCCH resources and unit resources set for DMRS-less sequence-based PUCCH.

[0364] The UE may transmit a PUCCH based on a separate PUCCH format to which sequence modulation (or sequence mapping) determined according to prior agreement / consensus and / or instructions from the base station can be applied. In this case, the UE may divide the resources set for PUCCH transmission into unit resources. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 16 (a) and (b), the PUCCH resources may be divided into multiple unit resources.

[0365] Sequence-based PUCCH formats can have the following characteristics.

[0366] The UE performs sequence modulation at a specific step of generating PUCCH from the UCI, and the sequence of bits or sequence of sequences (sequence of sequences or set of sequences; e.g., in the case of a complex sequence) on which sequence modulation is performed can map information corresponding to one sequence to each of at least one unit resource that divides the PUCCH resource set for PUCCH transmission. For example, if n symbols and m RBs are set as PUCCH resources for PUCCH transmission, the UE considers that p*q unit resources divided for the PUCCH resource are set, and can transmit PUCCH by mapping one sequence to each unit resource. Here, p and q are divisors of m and n, respectively, and the UE may receive instructions for the values ​​of p and q along with the setting of the PUCCH resource from the base station, or derive the values ​​of p and q based on the PUCCH resource and a prior agreed rule. For example, the PUCCH resources for DMRS-less sequence-based PUCCH can be divided into unit resources as shown in FIG. 16 (a), and the PUCCH resources for DMRS-accompanied sequence-based PUCCH can be divided into unit resources as shown in FIG. 16 (b). Here, p and q may be m / 2 and n / 2, respectively.

[0367] The configuration of a unit resource for a PUCCH resource in which such n symbols and m RBs are set can be considered for each of the two cases: when the PUCCH is transmitted with DMRS (case 1; FIG. 16 (b)) and when it is DMRS-less (case 2; FIG. 16 (a)).

[0368] (1) Case 1: In the case of DMRS sequence-based PUCCH

[0369] In the case of Case 1, the configured PUCCH resource may refer only to the resources to which bits / information generated from the UCI are mapped, excluding the resource(s) within the PUCCH resource where the DMRS is located. For example, since the PUCCH resource configured / instructed by the UE for PUCCH transmission includes at least one resource to which the DMRS is mapped, the UE may determine the configured PUCCH resource as the resource to which the remaining resources, excluding the at least one resource to which the DMRS is mapped among the PUCCH resources, are divided into unit resources. Alternatively, the PUCCH resource configured / instructed for PUCCH transmission includes at least one resource to which the DMRS is mapped, and the UE may derive a grid of PUCCH resources to constitute unit resources from the configured or determined p and q. Subsequently, the DMRS is transmitted from the resource containing the symbol(s) (and RB(s)) instructed for DMRS transmission within the grid of the PUCCH resources, and the remaining resources may be distinguished / identified as unit resources. In this case, the remaining resources mentioned above can ultimately be determined / assessed as the configured PUCCH resources. Ultimately, in the case of DMRS-based sequence-based PUCCH, the UE can be instructed so that the DMRS is located at the boundary of the unit resource.

[0370] (2) Case 2: In the case of DMRS-less sequence-based PUCCH

[0371] In the case of DMRS-less sequence-based PUCCH, the sequence replaces the function of DMRS, allowing transmission without DMRS; therefore, unit resources can be divided or configured based on the entirety of the configured PUCCH resources. For example, the UE can determine or regard the entirety of the PUCCH resources configured for PUCCH transmission as the configured PUCCH resources for inducing or dividing unit resources.

[0372] For example, if the UE determines that p and q are each 1, the UE can map a single sequence derived based on the UCI to the entire PUCCH resource through at least one of the methods described below, and in this case, transmit a PUCCH composed of a single sequence. If the UE determines that p and q are each m and n, the UE can map a sequence derived from a part of the UCI for every 1 RB * 1 symbol and transmit a PUCCH composed of m*n sequences. For example, the UE can transmit a PUCCH in which a single sequence based on the UCI is mapped to a PUCCH resource configured for PUCCH transmission in the gNB based on a single PUCCH format according to the base station's scheduling, or transmit a PUCCH composed of multiple sequences (e.g., sequences derived based on the UCI) mapped to multiple unit resources. To this end, the values ​​of p and q may be values ​​that follow instructions from the base station along with the scheduling of the PUCCH, values ​​that are calculated or derived according to the number of symbols and / or RBs of the configured PUCCH resources, or values ​​that are set by RRC signaling, etc., prior to the scheduling of the PUCCH resources, such as the setting of the BWP.

[0373] Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating a method for determining a sequence mapped to a unit resource.

[0374] As described with reference to FIG. 16, the UE can segment input bits (and / or, in some cases, input bits or input bit sequences including padding bits) for unit resources divided / determined within the configured PUCCH resource (hereinafter, PUCCH resource) and perform sequence modulation on a segment basis. Afterward, the UE can transmit a PUCCH by mapping a sequence according to the result of sequence modulation to each unit resource.

[0375] The UE can derive a sequence to be mapped to each unit resource of the PUCCH (C{0, 0}, C{1, 0},..., C{n-1, p-1} in FIG. 16 (a) and FIG. 16 (b), respectively) based on a combination of all or part of the procedures (Steps 1 to 4) described below.

[0376] (1) step 1: Input bit(s) determination

[0377] With regard to the determination of input bits to be used for sequence modulation, at least one of the following cases may be considered depending on the application step of the sequence modulation.

[0378] 1) Case 1-1

[0379] In Case 1-1, the UE can use the UCI payload (+ CRC added) as input bits.

[0380] For example, the UE may determine the input bits as the UCI payload (or the bits constituting the UCI payload) or determine the input bits as the UCI payload to which a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) has been attached. Generally, considering that a CRC attachment can be applied to reduce the false alarm probability, in the case of a sequence-based PUCCH, the utility of the CRC attachment may not be high when the sequence length is sufficiently long (e.g., exceeding a certain threshold length) and / or when the UCI payload size is short compared to the length of the CRC. Therefore, in the case of a sequence-based PUCCH, a CRC attachment may not be applied to the UCI payload when the sequence length is sufficiently long and / or when the UCI payload size is short compared to the length of the CRC. In contrast, if the UCI payload size is relatively longer than the CRC length, or if the length of individual sequences is not sufficiently long, the result of adding a CRC to the UCI payload (e.g., UCI payload + CRC bits) for the purpose of achieving a target false alarm probability may be determined as the input bits.

[0381] 2) Case 1-2

[0382] In Case 1-2, the UE can use / determine a bit sequence in which specified channel coding, such as LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) or Polar Code, has been performed as input bits.

[0383] For example, the UE may use encoded bits for the UCI payload (or UCI payload + CRC) as input bits. In this case, sequence-based PUCCH implies performing both channel coding and sequence modulation, and can achieve both error correction / detection through channel coding and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) boosting and / or multi-UE MUX (or multi-UE MUX capability) through sequence modulation. Here, the size / length of the encoded bit(s) used as input bits may be the length of the encoded bit(s) explicitly determined according to the instructions of the base station, or may have a bit length based on a predetermined rule or consensus. For example, the size / length of the encoded bit(s) may be determined as the length of the systematic bit, the length obtained by adding a specific offset value to the systematic bit, etc.

[0384] (2) step 2: segmentation size (Y) & number of segments (k) determination

[0385] FIGS. 18 and 19 are diagrams illustrating a method of segmenting by concatenating input bits and padding bits in a defined order.

[0386] The UE may segment padding bits (if padding bits exist) and input bits into units for performing sequence modulation to derive a sequence to be mapped to each unit resource. For example, the UE may segment input bits (and / or padding bits) into units for performing sequence modulation based on the number of partitioned unit resources within the PUCCH resource and the input bit length (X). In this case, methods for determining the number and size of segments, such as Case 2-1 and Case 2-2 described below, may be considered.

[0387] 1) Case 2-1

[0388] In Case 2-1, the UE can determine the segment unit (or length; Y) and number (k) from the number of unit resources (e.g., p*q) within the PUCCH resource and the length (X) of the input bits according to the instructions or decisions of the base station, and determine the total bit size (k*Y bits; e.g., the total bit size including the number of bits requiring padding) on ​​which sequence modulation will be performed.

[0389] For example, the UE can derive the value of k, which is the number of segments, from a predefined formula (e.g., k=p*q) and determine the length of the segmentation (Y; a value for determining the length of the segment / bit unit where sequence modulation is performed) according to a predefined rule. For example, the UE can derive the value of Y as a minimum value greater than or equal to 1 that satisfies Y*k > X (e.g., a predefined rule) based on k and X. Since Y or the length of Y bits is the number of bits required to perform sequence modulation (e.g., the number of bit sequences, the length of the segment, or the number of bits included in the segment), it may be a value directly related to the length of the sequence set that must be prepared for the sequence-based PUCCH format (or the length of the sequence included in the sequence set). Therefore, to minimize the complexity of the UE and base station implementation, the following can be considered.

[0390] - The minimum value that exceeds a specific value while satisfying Y*k>X can be derived as the Y value.

[0391] - Alternatively, among the candidate values ​​of the Y value set from the base station, the minimum or maximum value of at least one Y value satisfying Y*k>X can be determined as Y.

[0392] - Alternatively, at least one candidate value satisfying Y*k>X can be selected from among the candidate values ​​of the Y value set from the base station, and the Y value to be applied / used among the at least one candidate value can be determined based on the priority among the candidate values ​​determined / set in advance.

[0393] The method of Case 2-1, as described above, allows all configured PUCCH resources to always be used regardless of the payload size. Therefore, from the perspective of base station operation, the method of Case 2-1 has the advantage of obtaining the same or uniform reception SINR for said PUCCH resource when scheduled for the purpose of multiplexing multiple UEs to the same PUCCH resource.

[0394] 2) Case 2-2

[0395] In Case 2-2, the UE can determine the number of bits mapped to a unit resource (e.g., length of segmentation, Y) based on a separate setting / instruction from the base station, derive the number of segments (k) based on a PUCCH resource composed of a total of N unit resources (or derive the segment unit and number) and determine the total bit size (k*Y bits) including the required number of padding bits.

[0396] For example, the UE can derive a value of k (e.g., the number of segments) from a predefined formula based on the indicated / set Y value. For example, the UE can derive the value of k through a minimum value of 1 or more that satisfies Y*k > X based on the X and Y values. For example, the minimum value among the values ​​of 1 or more that satisfy Y*k > X based on the X and Y values ​​can be determined as the value of k. Since the value of k is derived by the UE's calculation in this way, the amount of resources actually used by the UE among the PUCCH resources can be determined according to the length of the input bit (X) and the Y value set by the base station. In this case, k may not be a multiple of p or q, and the UE may transmit a PUCCH using only k of the unit resources (p*q) constituting the set PUCCH resources. At this time, the unit resources (or resources) that the UE actually transmits the PUCCH may not be in a rectangular shape on the grid of time resources / frequency resources (e.g., symbols / RBs). This method allows the UE to transmit PUCCH using only the minimum resources based on the input bit size (X), thereby enabling efficient utilization of PUCCH resources from the perspective of base station operation and being effective in suppressing unnecessary interference within the cell operated by the base station.

[0397] Alternatively, the UE may derive a value of k based on the Y value and the q (or p) value set / instructed by the base station. For example, k may be derived as a minimum value of 1 or greater among multiples of q (or p) that satisfies Y*k > X. For example, k may be determined as the minimum value among multiples of q (or p) that satisfies Y*k > X. In this case, since the value of k is determined as a multiple of q (or p), the unit resources (or resources) through which the actual UE transmits PUCCH can always be in a rectangular shape on the grid of time resources / frequency resources (e.g., symbols / RB). This method has the advantage of simplifying the UE implementation by operating only the minimum resources according to the input bit size (X) and allowing only the use of uniform time / frequency resources. For example, the case where different BWs are used for consecutive symbols for PUCCH transmission in a single PUCCH transmission opportunity (occasion) can be prevented, which can significantly reduce the complexity of the UE implementation.

[0398] In this method (e.g., Case 2-2), since the value of k is derived by the calculation of the UE, the amount of resources actually used by the UE among the PUCCH resources can be determined according to the length of the input bit (X) and the value of Y set by the base station. In this case, the UE can transmit PUCCH using only k of the unit resources constituting the set PUCCH resources.

[0399] Meanwhile, although the UE may directly receive the Y value from the base station through signaling such as RRC / MAC-CE / DCI, if the mapped sequence length (Z) is fixed, reception performance and UE capabilities may be determined according to the Y value (e.g., the Y value instructed by the base station). In this regard, the UE may receive the Y value (e.g., the Y value determined by the base station considering the sequence length) through signaling such as RRC / MAC-CE / DCI from the base station, derive the Y value from an instruction for the sequence length (Z) determined by a predetermined rule or agreement, or receive both the sequence length (Z) and the Y value from the base station.

[0400] (3) Step 3: padding bit determination & segmentation with padded bit

[0401] Y*k, determined by the method described in Step 2 above, etc., may be equal to or greater than X. If Y*k is greater than X, the UE may generate a specific number (= Y*kX) of padding bits, determine the total bit size by attaching padding bits to the input bits, and perform segmentation into k segments (or k unit bits) determined or indicated in Step 2. For example, if Y*k is greater than X, the UE may perform segmentation on bits (or input bits to be segmented) to which padding bits are additionally added to the bits of the UCI payload (or UCI payload + CRC bits) (existing input bits having a length of X) (e.g., input bits to be segmented) (e.g., the length (X') of the input bits to be segmented to which padding bits are added may be equal to Y*k (e.g., the total bit size). For example, the UE can segment the input bits to be partitioned, which consist of padding bits and input bits, into multiple segments. In this case, there are two cases, Case 3-1 and Case 3-2, for performing segmentation of the input bits to be partitioned (input bits + padding bits) into k segments of length Y (e.g., k segments of length Y to be mapped to unit resources).

[0402] Meanwhile, in the case where X = Y*k, the UE can perform the sequence modulation described in step 4 for each of the segmented bit sequences (e.g., k segmented bit sequences of length Y) without applying Step 3 described below (e.g., omitting Step 3).

[0403] 1) Case 3-1

[0404] In case 3-1, the UE can concatenate consecutive input bits of length X and consecutive padding bits of length B (=Y*kX) (or a padding sequence of length B) in a predefined order, and then perform segmentation of the concatenated input bits and padding bits in order of Y bit(s) to form a total of k segments of Y bit(s).

[0405] This method can be applied to relatively simple transmission and reception structures as it does not involve a process of mixing the order of input bits and padding bits. For example, referring to FIG. 18, input bits and padding bits are not mixed in order, and consecutive bits are concatenated (e.g., padding bits are concatenated after input bits, or input bits are concatenated after padding bits), and the concatenated bits can be segmented into multiple segments based on the size of Y bits. This simplifies the structure of the transmission and reception end in that the boundary between input bits and padding bits is clear and no separate interleaving function is performed.

[0406] However, in this case, depending on the size of the input bits, a segment consisting solely of padding bits may be mapped to or exist in a specific unit resource. Considering such cases, the UE may align the input bits and padding bits based on predefined rules or priorities, and perform segmentation of Y bits in the aligned order to generate a total of k segments of length Y. Here, the following examples may be considered for the priorities.

[0407] - For example, if the input bits are bits for UCIs, the priority of the combination of UCI types (e.g., scheduling request, HARQ-ACK, high priority CSI, low priority CSI, etc.) and the order of padding bits (or based on the combination) may be considered.

[0408] - Or, if the input bits include UCI and CRC, the priority of a combination of UCI types (e.g., scheduling request, HARQ-ACK, high priority CSI, low priority CSI, etc.), CRC, and the order of padding bits (or according to the combination) may be considered.

[0409] In such a situation, the method of generating padding bits can be as shown in the following examples.

[0410] For example, if the input bits are encoded bits that have undergone channel coding such as LDPC / Polar code for UCI(+CRC), the number of padding bits (Y*kX) can be determined based on the rate matching of the channel coding. This has the advantage that the coding gain can be maximized, in that the UE ultimately rate-matches the encoded bits of UCI(+CRC) to Y*k and uses the rate-matched encoded bits for sequence modulation.

[0411] Alternatively, the padding bits may be a sequence of specific bit sequences determined in advance. For example, all padding bits may be set to a value of 0 or to a value of 1. Alternatively, the padding bits may be replaced with a specific sequence (e.g., gold sequence, m-sequence) according to a prior agreement or consensus.

[0412] Alternatively, padding bits may be composed of repeating a portion of the input bits. For example, padding bits may be considered to be composed in the form of a cyclic prefix / postfix. In this case, the repeating portion of the input bits may be defined / determined based on importance among the input bits. For example, if the input bits are a UCI payload, the UCI may consist of all or part of an SR (scheduling request), HARQ-ACK, CSI part 1 (or high-priority CSI), and CSI part 2 (or low-priority CSI). In this case, B (Y*kX) bits from the beginning of the input bits arranged / listed according to importance may be used as padding bits. This method can maximize the reception performance of the PUCCH by repeating UCI bits with relatively high importance, such as SR and HARQ-ACK, as padding bits. Alternatively, if the input bits are encoded bits, some of the systematic bits among the input bits (e.g., B (Y*kX) bits) may be used as padding bits. This method can maximize reception performance in the same way that repetition is applied to the systematic bits.

[0413] 2) Case 3-2

[0414] In Case 3-2, the UE can perform segmentation by aligning / arranging the input bits and padding bits according to a pre-agreed rule, separating them into two groups of bits, and distributing the padding bits in a bit group-wise manner.

[0415] Padding bits may be known bits from the perspective of the receiver. Therefore, considering the operation of step 4 where Y bits (or bits of length Y included in the segment) are mapped to a single sequence, the inclusion of padding bits (e.g., some bits of the segment consisting of padding bits) may mean that the number of candidate sequences mapped to the unit resources used has been reduced. Given that the number of candidate sequences used for sequence modulation and the number of UEs multiplexed in the code domain determine the received SINR, the effective received SINR may differ when padding bits are present in some of the Y bits of the segment compared to when padding bits are not present in the Y bits of the segment. For example, if a specific unit resource (or segment) of a UE contains 1 bit of padding, the size of the sequence set mapped to said specific unit resource may be half the size of the sequence set mapped to another unit resource that does not contain padding bits, and consequently, a 3dB gain may exist at the receiver.

[0416] Against this backdrop (for example, considering the difference in received SINR between segments with and without padding bits at the receiver, it is advantageous to place padding bits in the segments where high-importance input bits are placed among the input bits transmitted by the UE), the UE can order the input bits and padding bits according to defined rules or importance, separate them into two groups, perform segmentation for each group, and distribute padding bits to each segment within each group.

[0417] For example, if the input bits (input bits including CRC or not having CRC added) are UCIs, the input bits can be separated by UCI type. For example, the input bits can be separated by UCI type into first bit(s) for SR, second bit(s) for HARQ-ACK, third bit(s) for high priority CSI (e.g., part 1), and fourth bit(s) for low priority CSI (e.g., part 2). In this case, the input bits can be separated by UCI type into first input bits of high priority (e.g., first and second bits for SR and HARQ-ACK) and second input bits of low priority (e.g., third and fourth bits for high priority CSI and low priority CSI). At this time, the padding bits can be considered to have intermediate priority, and the input bits and padding bits can be arranged in the order of the first input bits, padding bits, and second input bits.

[0418] Subsequently, for the input bits and padding bits aligned in this manner (e.g., aligned in the order of first input bits, padding bits, and second input bits), the UE may configure / distinguish bit group 1 from the first bit to the bit at a specific position, and bit group 2 for the remaining bits. At this time, considering that segmentation is performed only within the bit group (e.g., considering that segmentation is performed in units of Y-bit length), bit group 1 including input bits (e.g., first input bits) and padding bits in units of Y-bit length may be configured (or, the position of the specific bit may be determined so that padding bits may be included in bit group 1). For example, the length of bit group 1 may be Y*β, where β may be a maximum or minimum value satisfying at least one of the following options / criteria.

[0419] - Option 1. Value to include all high-priority input bits (e.g., first input bits) in bit group 1

[0420] - Option 2. Value for one or more padding bits to be included in bit group 1

[0421] - Option 3. Value for the minimum padding bits to be included in bit group 2, or for the padding bits not to be included in bit group 2

[0422] - Option 4. A value to ensure that the unit resource mapped to each bit group is located only in the same symbol and / or RB.

[0423] For example, β can be derived / set as a value such that, by a combination of Option 1, Option 2, and Option 3, all of the first input bits, which are high-priority input bits, are included in Bit Group 1, some of the padding bits are included in Bit Group 1, and a minimum number of padding bits are included in Bit Group 2. Here, when Option 4 is considered, it may be considered that different transmit powers are allocated to symbols and / or RBs according to the bit group, depending on the type of input bit. For example, based on the number of padding bits contained in the unit resource containing the least amount of padding bits among the unit resources corresponding to Bit Group 1, the UE may determine that additional transmit power is set by delta for the RBs and / or symbols to which Bit Group 1 is transmitted / mapped compared to the RBs and / or RBs to which Bit Group 2 is transmitted. Here, delta may be a value determined by calculation or a pre-set value. For example, if a specific unit resource (e.g., a unit resource containing the least padding bit among the unit resources of bit group 1) contains 1 padding bit, the UE may determine that an additional transmission power of 3 dB is set relative to the transmission power of bit group 2 for the RBs and / or symbols for which bit group 1 is transmitted.

[0424] Subsequently, when each bit group or bit group 1 is divided into segments of length Y, a method of uniformly distributing / distributing padding bits among said segments may be considered. For example, referring to FIG. 19, padding bits may first be placed sequentially for each of the segments, and then the first input bits may be placed in each segment. For example, padding bits may be cyclically and evenly distributed for each segment (e.g., starting from the last bit position of each segment), and the first input bits may be sequentially placed at the remaining positions of each segment. For example, padding bits may be cyclically placed in order at the index of the segment to which bit group 1 is mapped. Here, if padding bits are uniformly distributed among the segments within the group only for bit group 1, padding bits may be placed in specific segment(s) without evenly distributing the positions of padding bits for bit group 2. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 19, the arrangement of padding bits and low priority bits input bits (e.g., second input bits) within bit group 2 can be applied using the method of Case 3-1 described above.

[0425] Here, the following examples can be considered for methods of generating padding bits.

[0426] For example, if the input bits are encoded bits that have undergone channel coding such as LDPC / Polar code for UCI(+CRC), the padding bits (e.g., (Y*kX) padding bits) can be determined by rate matching of the channel coding. This has the advantage that the UE can maximize the coding gain by rate matching the encoded bits of UCI(+CRC) to Y*k for sequence modulation.

[0427] Alternatively, padding bits may be a sequence of specific bit sequences determined in advance. For example, all padding bits may be set to a value of 0 or 1. Alternatively, padding bits may be replaced by a specific sequence (e.g., gold sequence, m-sequence) based on a prior agreement or consensus. Alternatively, padding bits may consist of repeating a portion of the input bits. For example, padding bits may be considered to be configured in the form of a cyclic prefix / postfix. In this case, the repeating portion of the input bits may be defined / determined based on the importance of the input bits. For example, if the input bit is a UCI payload, the UCI may consist of all or part of an SR (scheduling request), HARQ-ACK, CSI part 1 (or high-priority CSI), and CSI part 2 (or low-priority CSI). In this case, B (Y*kX) bits from the beginning of the input bits arranged / categorized according to importance may be used as padding bits. This method is intended to maximize reception performance by repeating relatively important UCI bits such as SR and HARQ-ACK.

[0428] Meanwhile, the input bits and padding bits of the UCI subject to segmentation may also be defined as an input bit sequence.

[0429] (4) Step 4: Sequence Modulation / Mapping

[0430] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a method for sequence modulation and sequence mapping.

[0431] The UE may select at least one candidate sequence based on a set of candidate sequences containing multiple candidate sequences for segments determined by the procedure up to step 3 or other methods (e.g., input bits to be mapped to each unit resource (or input bits + padding bits; input bit sequences)), and determine said at least one sequence as the sequence to be transmitted to the unit resource mapped to each segment. When selecting multiple sequences for a segment, the UE determines which combination sequence (or sequence) to select from the combinations of said multiple sequences (or the corresponding number of sequence combinations) based on said input bits (e.g., input bits included in the segment), and may transmit the multiple sequences selected for said segment by concatenating or overlapping them. For example, when selecting n sequences for one segment out of the number of candidate sequences (i; e.g., the number of candidate sequences included in the set of candidate sequences), Bits can be the length of a segment. For example, if a set of candidate sequences consists of 6 candidate sequences, and 2 sequences are selected from the 6 candidate sequences (as sequences for a segment) for transmission, which combination sequence to select out of 6C2 = 15 combinations of candidate sequences = It can be determined based on 3 bits of input bits. In this case, when concatenating multiple sequences selected for one segment, modulation such as BPSK / QPSK may be performed later, and when transmitting the multiple sequences in overlap, the candidate sequences may be complex sequences or no modulation may be performed later.

[0432] Here, the sequence length Z may be a value determined based on the bit payload (Y) constituting each segment, the number of symbols in the unit resource, the number of RBs (and / or, modulation order), etc. The size of the set of candidate sequences (i in FIG. 20) may be a value determined based on the bit payload (Y) of each segment, the number of symbols in the unit resource, the number of RBs, etc.

[0433] For example, the UE has information about a set of candidate sequences of length Z determined by prior agreement / consensus for 2^Y combinations of Y bit(s), and for Y bit(s), one of the sequences of length Z within the set of candidate sequences may be selected based on the information about the set of candidate sequences. Such a sequence of length Z may be a sequence based on a complex sequence (e.g., ZC sequence) or a real sequence (e.g., m-sequence, gold sequence). Alternatively, it may be considered as a set of multiple REs that modulate 2^Y encoded bits for the information of Y-bits using BPSK / QPSK, etc.

[0434] In this case, when complex sequences are used as the set of candidate sequences, a sequence of length Z selected for each unit resource can be directly mapped to the unit resource without symbol mapping. When real sequences are used as the set of candidate sequences, the sequence can be mapped to the unit resource after performing symbol mapping (e.g., BSPK, QPSK, etc.) on the sequence before mapping it to the unit resource. If symbol mapping is performed, the sequence length per unit resource can be determined based on the modulation order.

[0435] In this case, the UE may determine the sequence corresponding to Y bit(s) / segment from only a subset of candidate sequences according to instructions from the base station (or prior agreement or consensus) among the entire set of candidate sequences of length Z that can be mapped to the unit resources of a sequence-based PUCCH. This restriction on the set of candidate sequences of length Z may be specified / instructed on a unit of PUCCH transmission occasion (TO) and / or unit resources.

[0436] For example, the UE may determine that only some candidate sequence set(s) among the entire set of candidate sequences (e.g., entire set of candidate sequences of a sequence of length Z) are available for a specific PUCCH transmission opportunity based on a cyclic shift (or, for example, the UE determines that only some of the candidate sequence set based on a cyclic shift (or, a combination of a cyclic shift and a base sequence and / or a root sequence) are available for a specific PUCCH transmission opportunity). For example, the UE may determine the set of candidate sequences available for a specific PUCCH transmission opportunity among the entire set of candidate sequences set for the UE based on a cyclic shift (set in relation to the PUCCH resource) or a combination of a cyclic shift and a base sequence (and / or a root sequence).

[0437] Alternatively, the UE may further restrict the use of some of the sets of candidate sequences determined to be available for the transmission opportunity of PUCCH based on the location of the unit resource (e.g., the lowest or highest symbol index and / or RB index of the unit resource, or whether the symbol index and / or RB index are even / odd, etc.). For example, the UE may derive a cyclic shift, base sequence, and / or root index available for said unit resource from the symbol and / or RB index of the unit resource by a predetermined rule, and may determine a set of candidate sequences among said sets of candidate sequences that can be used / applied / mapped to said unit resource based on said derived cyclic shift, base sequence, and / or root index. For example, the UE can derive / determine a cyclic shift, base sequence, and / or root index that can be applied to the unit resource based on a specific RB and / or a specific symbol index for each unit resource, and can select / determine a set of candidate sequences that can be used for the unit resource from among the sets of candidate sequences based on the cyclic shift, base sequence, and / or root index that can be applied to the unit resource.

[0438] Alternatively, the UE may be instructed by the base station to provide a pattern of cyclic shifts, base sequences, and / or root indices that can be used for the frequency index (p) (and / or time index (q)) of a unit resource, and may determine a set of candidate sequences available for use per unit resource from among the sets of candidate sequences based on said pattern. For example, the UE may determine the values ​​of cyclic shifts, base sequences, and / or root indices for the frequency index (p) (and / or time index (q)) of a specific unit resource based on said pattern, and may determine / select a set of candidate sequences available for use in the specific unit resource based on said determined cyclic shifts, base sequences, and / or root indices values.

[0439] Through this method, the base station can secure scheduling flexibility to adjust UE MUX capabilities for the same PUCCH resource, and at the same time, from the perspective of the UE, the increase in PAPR caused by the repetition of the same sequence on a unit resource can be effectively reduced.

[0440] When a UE derives a sequence to be mapped to each unit resource using the proposed method described above, it may be necessary to determine the order in which the sequence is mapped to each unit resource. For example, a rule must be determined to map the sequence determined for k segments to p*q unit resources (or a smaller number depending on the UCI payload, etc.). From the perspective of the base station, this mapping method / mapping rule may be influenced by factors such as the successful reception of data / PUCCH, the number of UEs being multiplexed when using bit groups, and / or the effective reception SINR of specific bits. Therefore, the base station needs to explicitly set information regarding the mapping order according to the above mapping method / mapping rule to the UE via RRC / MAC-CE / DCI, etc. Alternatively, the mapping order according to the above mapping method / mapping rule may be determined by a pre-determined rule. For example, a sequence mapped from the first segment to the k-th segment can be mapped individually first in a time resource and then mapped / corresponded to a frequency resource (or, it can be corresponded to a unit resource in a time first, frequency second manner). Alternatively, referring to FIG. 16 or FIG. 17, it can be mapped / corresponded first in the frequency side and then mapped / corresponded to the time side. For example, the UE can sequentially map the (k) sequences mapped from the first segment to the k-th segment to frequency resources in the frequency domain of a specific symbol (e.g., the first symbol) among a plurality of unit resources (e.g., from C{0,0} to C{0,p-1} in FIG. 16 (a), (b)), and once the mapping / correspondence to the frequency resources in the specific symbol is completed, it can sequentially map to frequency resources in the frequency domain of the next symbol (e.g., from C{1,0} to C{1,p-1} in FIG. 16).

[0441] Below, a method by which a UE generates a PUCCH from a UCI / UCI payload in relation to the aforementioned sequence modulation is described in detail.

[0442] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating how a UE generates a PUCCH from a UCI / UCI payload.

[0443] Referring to FIG. 21, the UE can generate / acquire UCI payloads / bits (S211), perform CRC addition on the generated UCI payloads / bits (S212), perform channel coding on the CRC-added UCI payloads / bits (S213), perform sgrambling on the channel-coded UCI payloads / bits (S214), and perform modulation (S215) and RE mapping (S216), after which it can transmit a PUCCH for the said UCI payloads / bits. Meanwhile, not all of the steps described above must be applied when the UE generates / transmits the PUCCH, and some steps may be omitted depending on the PUCCH format, as was the case in 5G NR. For example, modulation (BPSK or QPSK, etc.) may be omitted when a complex sequence is used, and it is obvious that modulation (BPSK or QPSK, etc.) is performed before RE mapping when a real sequence is used.

[0444] In the case of a sequence-based PUCCH format for sequence-based PUCCH transmission defined by the proposed method above, the step of applying sequence modulation or sequence mapping may be considered as follows based on FIG. 21.

[0445] Specifically, the UE may replace some steps of the step of generating a non-sequence-based PUCCH format from the UCI with sequence modulation / mapping steps. This method has the advantage of allowing sequence modulation to be added with a simple transmission structure. For example, replacing the existing channel coding step (S213) with the sequence modulation step may be considered. In this case, the reception performance of DMRS-less sequence-based PUCCH in a fading channel for a specific payload size is improved, the false alarm probability can be lowered, and (multi) UE MUX capability can be provided by increasing the sequence length corresponding to the existing coding gain. And / or, the existing scrambling step (S214) may be replaced with the sequence modulation / mapping step. This can help the UE MUX capability of sequence modulation in cases where, from the perspective of the base station, many UEs are intentionally MUXed, or where different transmitters use the same or partially overlapping PUCCH resources due to poor coordination between base stations. Alternatively, if the channel coding step (S213) is replaced by the sequence modulation step, the CRC addition step (S212) may not be performed. For example, CRC addition can be used to detect errors in the bit sequence decoded at the receiver and to detect whether it is a signal transmitted by the actual UE (whether it is a false alarm). Since the false alarm probability decreases exponentially with the sequence length, the omission of the CRC addition step (S212) and / or the channel coding step (S213) may be considered, as sequence modulation overlaps with the function of CRC addition.

[0446] In addition, one may consider adding sequence modulation / mapping to the existing step of generating a non-sequence-based PUCCH format. In this case, the base station can provide full flexibility in scheduling and maximize resource utilization efficiency through situation-appropriate resource allocation, such as the network operating environment and the UE's channel environment. In this scenario, the following examples can be considered for the application step of sequence modulation / mapping.

[0447] For example, a sequence modulation / mapping step may be placed between the channel coding step (S213) and the scrambling step (S214). In this case, the channel coding gain can be obtained using the encoded bits that have undergone channel coding, and an equal distribution of 0s and 1s can be achieved through a scrambling procedure on the bits that have undergone sequence modulation. However, the sequence used for sequence modulation at this time may be a real sequence rather than a complex sequence. Alternatively, the sequence modulation / mapping step may be placed after the channel coding step (S213) and the scrambling step (S214). In this case, by applying the sequence modulation / mapping step, the negative impact on PAPR / CM caused by the repetition of the same sequence in consecutive RBs due to scrambling can be eliminated / prevented by distributing the 0s and 1s of the encoded bits evenly.

[0448] Thus, the proposed invention can achieve the following technical effects by having the UE transmit a sequence-based PUCCH based on a sequence-based PUCCH format according to a combination of instructions from a base station and pre-agreed rules.

[0449] From the perspective of a base station, multi-UE multiplexing (MUX) capability can be secured by scheduling multiple UEs on the same PUCCH resource or overlapping PUCCH resources. For example, when a UE transmits a PUCCH from a configured PUCCH resource while moving within an area serviced by multiple base stations without RRC reconfiguration or updates, the proposed invention can prevent a situation where the UE always occupies the PUCCH resource, thereby preventing multiple base stations from using the PUCCH resource. For example, even if the same PUCCH resource is configured for the multiple UEs, resource efficiency can be increased from the perspective of base station operation by configuring different sequence sets among the multiple UEs. For example, a PUCCH resource configured for a rapid handover of a UE, such as LTM (layer two mobility) configuration, or for measurement and reporting operations to achieve such a rapid handover, can be used across multiple base stations. In this case, resource efficiency can be increased by setting a sequence-based PUCCH format for the above UE or multiple UEs, and the target BER / BLER can be simultaneously achieved by variably setting the unit resource for the sequence-based PUCCH format, the type and size of the sequence set (sequence length and family / flock size, etc.). And / or, transmission by a specific UE or UE group may be expected to affect reception by other (common) base stations other than the serving base station (multiple UEs at the cell edge of the base station, etc.). In this case, multi-UE MUX can be performed while achieving the target BER / BLER by transmitting PUCCH by distinguishing based on the sequence for the above UE or UE group within the same time / frequency resource.

[0450] Here, even if the operations described as the proposed method are described separately for convenience, combinations of each operation may also be applied as the proposed method unless specifically mentioned otherwise.

[0451] FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating how a UE transmits a PUCCH using a sequence-based PUCCH format.

[0452] As described above, the UE may support a new type of PUCCH format for the transmission of sequence modulation-based PUCCH (hereinafter referred to as the sequence-based PUCCH format). For example, the UE may transmit a scheduled PUCCH by applying the sequence-based PUCCH format when explicitly instructed by the base station to apply the sequence-based PUCCH format, or when the payload of the UCI to be transmitted via PUCCH is less than or equal to a specific threshold bit size.

[0453] Specifically, referring to FIG. 22, the UE may receive resource configuration information for a PUCCH resource (S221). The resource configuration information may include information about a PUCCH resource for PUCCH transmission as described above. For example, as described in FIG. 16 (a) and (b), the resource configuration information may include information about a PUCCH resource composed of a plurality of RBs and a plurality of symbols. Meanwhile, the PUCCH resource may include resources for DMRS transmission, or it may not include resources for DMRS transmission (see FIG. 16 (a) and (b)).

[0454] Next, the UE can divide the PUCCH resource into multiple unit resources when a sequence-based PUCCH format is applied / used (S222). As described with reference to FIG. 16, the UE may directly receive information regarding the number of unit resources (q*p) from the base station (e.g., q, the number of divisions in the time domain, and p, the number of phase divisions in the frequency domain), or may directly calculate the number of unit resources (q*p) or the number of divisions (q, the number of divisions in the time domain, and p, the number of phase divisions in the frequency domain) based on the size (m, n) of the PUCCH resource. The UE can divide the PUCCH resource into the number of unit resources (q*p) calculated / indicated in this way. Here, each of the multiple unit resources may have the same length of frequency resource and time resource.

[0455] Next, the UE can segment the input bit sequence into multiple segments based on the first bit length (S223). After being instructed on the number of multiple segments (k; q*p) as described in (2) step 2, the UE can determine the bit length of the segment (e.g., the first bit length; Y) based on a predefined rule (case 2-1), or after being instructed on the first bit length (Y) from the base station, the UE can determine the number of multiple segments (k) according to a predefined rule.

[0456] For example, the UE may determine the first bit length (Y) according to a predefined rule (the minimum value among Y values ​​satisfying Y*k > X; where k is q*p) based on the number of multiple unit resources (k = q*p) and the length of the input bits (X) (in this case, all unit resources may be used). Alternatively, the UE may receive instructions for the first bit length (Y) directly from the base station and determine the value of k according to a pre-set rule (the minimum value among 1 or more k values ​​satisfying Y*k > X) (in this case, not all multiple unit resources may be used). Here, the input bit sequence may include input bits (or input bits + CRC bits) and / or padding bits that constitute the UCI payload. For example, if X < Y*k, the input bit sequence may include padding bits having a specific bit length (Y*k - X). In this case, the bit length of the input bit sequence may have the same value as Y*k.

[0457] Alternatively, if the input bits included in the above UCI payload are divided into first bits and second bits based on the UCI type, the input bit sequence may consist of bits arranged / arranged as the first bits, padding bits, and second bits. This is to ensure that the padding bits are preferentially distributed to the segments of the first bits for the UCI type having relatively high importance, as described in '(3) Step 3' above.

[0458] Next, the UE can select a plurality of first sequences for the plurality of segments based on candidate sequence set information (S224). For example, the UE can determine a plurality of first sequences that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of segments through a method of determining a first sequence corresponding to each of the plurality of segments. Here, the first length, which is the length of the first sequence, may be indicated by the base station or determined based on the size of the unit resource. For example, the UE may receive candidate sequence set information to be used for sequence modulation from the base station as described above. The candidate sequence set information may include a plurality of candidate sequence sets that can be used for sequence modulation, and each candidate sequence set may include a plurality of first candidate sequences (e.g., sequences of length Z) that are mapped / corresponded according to the values ​​of the bits included in each segment (e.g., bits Y of length Z). For example, as illustrated in FIG. 20, each set of candidate sequences may include a first-1 candidate sequence mapped to a first value of bits included in the segment, a first-2 candidate sequence mapped to a second value, and a first-3 candidate sequence mapped to a third value.

[0459] For example, the first sequence may be selected from among a plurality of first candidate sequences included in a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource to which the first sequence is mapped among the plurality of unit resources for each of the plurality of segments. Here, the location of each of the plurality of unit resources (e.g., the location of the unit resource) may be determined based on the lowest or highest index among the indices of the frequency resources or the indices of the time resources included in each unit resource.

[0460] In this case, the UE can calculate / derive a value for at least one of a cyclic shift, a root index, and a base sequence associated with a specific unit resource based on the location / index of the specific unit resource among the plurality of unit resources. For example, the UE can calculate / derive a value of the cyclic shift, the root index, and / or the base sequence corresponding to each index through a predefined formula (e.g., a modular operation with a specific value) that takes the index of the specific unit resource as input. Alternatively, the UE can receive instruction information from a base station that indicates / sets the values ​​for the cyclic shift, the root index, and / or the base sequence for each of the plurality of unit resources. Alternatively, the UE can receive pattern information from a base station regarding the cyclic shift, the root index, and / or the base sequence for each of the plurality of unit resources (e.g., pattern information representing available cyclic shift values, root index values, and / or base sequence values ​​per location of the unit resource as a bit sequence / bitmap, etc.). In this case, for each of the multiple unit resources, the UE can determine a specific set of available candidate sequences among multiple sets of candidate sequences based on a cyclic shift value, a root index value, and / or a base sequence value that is calculated using the index of each unit resource, indicated by instruction information, or identified / indicated by pattern information.

[0461] Subsequently, the UE may select a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments based on the values ​​of the bits of the segment corresponding to each unit resource and a plurality of first candidate sequences included in a determined set of candidate sequences. For example, a first set of candidate sequences may be determined for a first unit resource to which a sequence for a first segment can be mapped, and a second set of candidate sequences may be determined for a second unit resource to which a second segment can be mapped. In this case, the UE may determine at least one first-1 candidate sequence that corresponds to / maps the values ​​of the bits included in the first segment among a plurality of first-1 candidate sequences included in the first set of candidate sequences, and select the at least one first-1 candidate sequence as the first sequence for the first segment, and determine at least one first-2 candidate sequence that corresponds to / maps the values ​​of the bits included in the second segment among a plurality of first-2 candidate sequences included in the second set of candidate sequences, and select the at least one first-2 candidate sequence as the first sequence for the second segment. In accordance with this method, the UE can determine / select a set of candidate resources corresponding to each unit resource among a set of candidate sequences based on the value of a circular shift (and / or, base sequence, root index) of each unit resource, and select / determine a set of first sequences for said segments by selecting a first sequence for said segment within the set of candidate sequences based on the value of the bits of said segments corresponding to each unit resource.

[0462] Next, the UE can transmit a PUCCH based on a plurality of unit resources to which a plurality of first sequences are mapped (S225). For example, the UE can transmit a PUCCH including a plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences are mapped to transmit UCI or PUCCH data corresponding to the input bit sequence to the base station. Here, each of the plurality of first sequences can be mapped to a different unit resource. For example, the plurality of first sequences and the plurality of unit resources may have a one-to-one mapping relationship with each other.

[0463] Meanwhile, the plurality of first sequences may be directly mapped to the plurality of unit resources without symbol mapping based on the fact that the plurality of candidate sequences included in the determined set of candidate sequences are complex sequences. Alternatively, the plurality of first sequences may be mapped to the plurality of unit resources after performing symbol mapping based on the fact that the plurality of candidate sequences included in the determined set of candidate sequences are real sequences.

[0464] FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating how a base station receives a PUCCH with a sequence-based PUCCH format applied from a UE.

[0465] Referring to FIG. 23, the base station can transmit resource configuration information for a PUCCH resource to the UE (S231). Next, the base station can receive a PUCCH transmitted from the PUCCH resource from the UE (S233). Here, the PUCCH may include a payload for a UCI.

[0466] Specifically, the base station can acquire / derive a first sequence mapped to each of a plurality of unit resources divided within the PUCCH resource, and can acquire / derive a corresponding segment (or bits included in the segment) based on the first sequence. The base station can derive / derive an input bit sequence included in the PUCCH from a plurality of segments obtained from the plurality of unit resources, and can acquire information about the UCI from the derived / derived input bit sequence.

[0467] For example, the first sequence may be a sequence selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource to which the first sequence is mapped among the plurality of unit resources for each of the plurality of segments. In this case, the base station may obtain bit information for the input bit sequence from the plurality of unit resources by verifying / determining a set of candidate sequences corresponding to each of the plurality of unit resources (e.g., based on a cyclic shift, base sequence, and / or root index associated with each unit resource), determining a candidate sequence corresponding to the first sequence among the plurality of candidate sequences of the set of candidate sequences verified / determined for each unit resource, and verifying a bit value corresponding to the determined candidate sequence.

[0468] Thus, the proposed invention can achieve higher reception performance than the existing PUCCH format for UCIs with small payloads, even when transmitting PUCCH via DMRS-less using a newly defined sequence-based PUCCH format. Furthermore, the proposed invention can secure scheduling flexibility for base stations by setting different sets of candidate sequences for selecting the first sequence of each segment for each unit resource. Additionally, by setting different sets of candidate sequences for selecting the first sequence of each segment for each unit resource, the proposed invention can effectively prevent an increase in PAPR caused by the repeated use of the same sequence between unit resources.

[0469] Example of a communication system to which the invention is applied

[0470] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of the invention disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0471] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0472] FIG. 24 illustrates a communication system to which the present invention is applied.

[0473] Referring to FIG. 24, the communication system (1) to which the present invention applies includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) equipped in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smartpads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0474] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0475] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present invention, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0476] Example of a wireless device to which the present invention is applied

[0477] FIG. 25 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention.

[0478] Referring to FIG. 25, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 24.

[0479] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chipset designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chipset.

[0480] Specifically, the first wireless device or UE (100) may include at least one processor (102) connected to a transceiver (106) and at least one memory (104). The at least one memory (104) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 15 through 23. The above operations include receiving resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource, dividing the PUCCH resource into a plurality of unit resources based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format, segmenting an input bit sequence containing input bits based on a first bit length into a plurality of segments, selecting a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments, and transmitting a PUCCH based on the plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for the plurality of segments are mapped, wherein the first sequence may be selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource among the plurality of unit resources to which the first sequence is to be mapped for each of the plurality of segments. Alternatively, at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium may be provided that includes instructions for the above-described operations.

[0481] Alternatively, a processing device may be configured comprising at least one processor and at least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by said at least one processor. The operations include receiving resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource, dividing said PUCCH resource into a plurality of unit resources based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format, segmenting an input bit sequence including input bits based on a first bit length into a plurality of segments, selecting a first sequence for each of said segments, and transmitting a PUCCH based on said unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for said segments are mapped, wherein for each of said segments, the first sequence may be selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource among said unit resources to which the first sequence is to be mapped. Alternatively, at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium may be provided that includes instructions for the above-described operations.

[0482] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In the present invention, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0483] Specifically, the second wireless device or base station (200) may include at least one processor (202) connected to a transceiver (206) and at least one memory (204). The at least one memory (204) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 15 to 23. The operations include transmitting resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource to a UE (User Equipment); and receiving a PUCCH from the PUCCH resource from the UE. The at least one processor obtains bit information of an input bit sequence segmented into a plurality of segments based on a plurality of first sequences mapped to a plurality of unit resources divided within the PUCCH resource, and the first sequence may be selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource among the plurality of unit resources to which the first sequence is mapped for each of the plurality of segments. Alternatively, at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium may be provided, comprising instructions for performing the above operations.

[0484] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0485] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0486] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0487] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0488] Examples of wireless device applications to which the present invention is applied

[0489] FIG. 26 illustrates another example of a wireless device to which the present invention applies. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 24).

[0490] Referring to FIG. 26, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 25 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 26. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 25. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0491] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 24, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 24, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 24, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 24, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 24, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 24, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 24, 400), a base station (Fig. 24, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0492] In FIG. 26, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least a portion may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0493] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0494] FIG. 27 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention applies. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0495] Referring to FIG. 27, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0496] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside base stations (Roadside units), etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100). The control unit (120) may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The driving unit (140a) may include an engine, motor, power train, wheels, brakes, steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, technologies for automatically driving along a predetermined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set.

[0497] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server non-periodically and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Additionally, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving path, driving plan, etc. to an external server. An external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and can provide the predicted traffic information data to vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0498] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) with consideration for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0499] The embodiments described above are combinations of the components and features of the present invention in a specific form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, it is possible to construct embodiments of the present invention by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that embodiments may be constructed by combining claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims, or that new claims may be included by amendment after filing.

[0500] In this document, embodiments of the present invention are described primarily with a focus on the signal transmission and reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission and reception relationship is extended in the same or similar manner to signal transmission and reception between a terminal and a relay or between a base station and a relay. Specific operations described in this document as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node. That is, it is self-evident that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network consisting of multiple network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and access point. Additionally, the terminal may be replaced by terms such as User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), and Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS).

[0501] Embodiments according to the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of implementation by hardware, one embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0502] In the case of implementation by firmware or software, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a module, procedure, function, etc., that performs the functions or operations described above. Software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located inside or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor by various means already known.

[0503] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the features of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects and should be considered illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0504] The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. In a method using UE (User Equipment), A step of receiving resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource; Based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format, the step of dividing the PUCCH resource into a plurality of unit resources and segmenting an input bit sequence including input bits based on a first bit length into a plurality of segments; A step of selecting a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments; and The method includes the step of transmitting PUCCH based on the plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for the plurality of segments are mapped. A method in which the first sequence is selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource to which the first sequence is mapped among the plurality of unit resources, for each of the plurality of segments.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the location of the unit resource is determined based on the lowest or highest index among the indices of frequency resources or time resources included in the unit resource.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above UE calculates a value for at least one of a cyclic shift, a root index, and a base sequence associated with each unit resource based on the location of each of the plurality of unit resources, and A method for determining the candidate sequence set corresponding to each unit resource among a plurality of preset sequence sets based on the value for at least one calculated for each unit resource.

4. In Paragraph 1, The method further includes the step of receiving instruction information indicating a value for at least one of a cyclic shift, a root index, and a base sequence for each of the plurality of unit resources. A method in which the above UE determines the set of candidate sequences corresponding to each unit resource among a plurality of preset sequence sets based on the value for at least one indicated for each unit resource by the above instruction information.

5. In Paragraph 1, The method further includes the step of receiving pattern information for at least one of a cyclic shift, a root index, and a base sequence for each of the plurality of unit resources. A method in which the above UE determines the set of candidate sequences corresponding to each unit resource among a plurality of preset sequence sets based on the pattern information.

6. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above UE selects a first candidate sequence from a plurality of first candidate sequences included in a set of candidate sequences based on the values ​​of bits included in a segment related to the unit resource among the plurality of segments, and determines the first candidate sequence as the first sequence for the one segment.

7. In Paragraph 1, The plurality of first sequences are directly mapped to the plurality of unit resources without symbol mapping based on the fact that the plurality of candidate sequences included in the determined set of candidate sequences are complex sequences, and A method in which the plurality of first sequences are mapped to the plurality of unit resources after performing symbol mapping, based on the fact that the plurality of candidate sequences included in the determined set of candidate sequences are real sequences.

8. In Paragraph 1, The above input bit sequence includes the above input bits and padding bits included in the UCI (Uplink Control Information) payload, and A method in which the input bits included in the above UCI payload are divided into first bits and second bits based on the UCI type.

9. In Paragraph 8, A method configured such that the above input bit sequence is arranged in the order of the first bits, the padding bits, and the second bits.

10. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the first bit length is determined based on the number of the plurality of unit resources and the length of the input bits.

11. In at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium, Includes instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, The above operations are, Receive resource configuration information for PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resources; Based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format, the PUCCH resource is divided into a plurality of unit resources, and an input bit sequence including input bits based on a first bit length is segmented into a plurality of segments; Selecting a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments; and It includes transmitting PUCCH based on the plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for the plurality of segments are mapped, and The first sequence is at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium, which is selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource to which the first sequence is mapped among the plurality of unit resources for each of the plurality of segments.

12. Regarding UE (User Equipment), RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; A processor connected to the above RF transceiver; and It includes at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the UE to perform operations when executed by the above at least one processor; The above operations are, Receive resource configuration information for PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resources; Based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format, the PUCCH resource is divided into a plurality of unit resources, and an input bit sequence including input bits based on a first bit length is segmented into a plurality of segments; Selecting a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments; and It includes transmitting PUCCH based on the plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for the plurality of segments are mapped, and The above first sequence is selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource to which the first sequence is mapped among the plurality of unit resources for each of the plurality of segments, in a UE.

13. In a processing device for controlling UE (User Equipment), At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions connected to the above at least one processor and performing operations when executed by the at least one processor, The above operations are, Receive resource configuration information for PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resources; Based on the application of a sequence-based PUCCH format, the PUCCH resource is divided into a plurality of unit resources, and an input bit sequence including input bits based on a first bit length is segmented into a plurality of segments; Selecting a first sequence for each of the plurality of segments; and It includes transmitting PUCCH based on the plurality of unit resources to which the plurality of first sequences selected for the plurality of segments are mapped, and A processing device wherein the first sequence is selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource to which the first sequence is mapped among the plurality of unit resources, for each of the plurality of segments.

14. In the method using a base station, A step of transmitting resource configuration information for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resource to a UE (User Equipment); and The method includes the step of receiving a PUCCH from the PUCCH resource from the UE, The base station acquires bit information of an input bit sequence segmented into multiple segments based on multiple first sequences mapped to multiple unit resources divided within the PUCCH resource, and A method in which the first sequence is selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource to which the first sequence is mapped among the plurality of unit resources, for each of the plurality of segments.

15. Regarding base stations, RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; A processor connected to the above RF transceiver; and It includes at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the base station to perform operations when executed by the above at least one processor; The above operations are, Transmit resource configuration information for PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resources to UE (User Equipment); and It includes receiving a PUCCH from the PUCCH resource from the UE, and The above at least one processor obtains bit information of an input bit sequence segmented into a plurality of segments based on a plurality of first sequences mapped to a plurality of unit resources divided within the PUCCH resource, and The first sequence is a base station selected from a set of candidate sequences determined based on the location of the unit resource to which the first sequence is mapped among the plurality of unit resources, for each of the plurality of segments.

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