Thermally conductive composite with monocarbinol additive
A thermally conductive composite with ethylenically unsaturated and terminal carbinol-functionalized polyorganosiloxanes, along with hydrolyzable organosilanes, addresses the challenge of balancing flowability and filler settling, enhancing heat dissipation in electronic devices.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing thermally conductive polyorganosiloxane composites face challenges in balancing low viscosities over low-, mid-, and high shear rates for high flowability and dispensability while minimizing filler particle settling.
A composition comprising thermally conductive fillers, polyorganosiloxanes functionalized with ethylenically unsaturated groups and terminal carbinol groups, along with hydrolyzable organosilanes and a hydrosilylation catalyst, to achieve a balance of thixotropic properties and reduced filler settling.
The composition exhibits excellent flowability, viscosity stability, and minimal filler settling, ensuring effective heat dissipation in electronic devices.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024120632-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024120632-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024120632-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Thermally Conductive Composite with Monocarbinol AdditiveBackground of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a composition comprising a monocarbinol functionalized polyorganosiloxane and thermally conductive filler particles useful in dissipating heat from electronic devices.
[0002] The development of state-of-the-art electronic devices has led to higher and higher power densities, with concomitant generation of higher operating temperatures.
[0003] Thermally conductive materials are therefore essential for dissipating heat generation from these devices. Thermally conductive polyorganosiloxane composites are especially attractive materials. They exhibit excellent mechanical properties, electrical insulation, and outstanding durability, and are widely used in industry.
[0004] Nevertheless, there is a continuing need to balance low viscosities over low-, mid-, and high shear rates -which correspond to high flowability and dispensability of the composite -with little or no settling of filler particles.Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present invention addresses a need in the art by providing a composition comprising, based on the weight of the composition, a) from 30 to 90 weight percent of a thermally conductive filler; b) from 4.9 to 39.9 weight percent of a polyorganosiloxane functionalized with at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups and having a degree of polymerization in the range of from 20 to 1000; and c) a polyorganosiloxane functionalized with two terminal carbinol groups and having a degree of polymerization in the range of from 40 to 200. The composition of the present invention provides a thermally conductive polyorganosiloxane composite with an excellent balance of thixotropic properties and concomitant flowability, with reduced filler settling.Detailed Description of the Invention
[0006] The present invention is a composition comprising, based on the weight of the composition, a) from 30 to 90 weight percent of a thermally conductive filler; b) from 4.9 to 39.9 weight percent of a first polyorganosiloxane functionalized with at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups and having a degree of polymerization in the range of from 20 to 1000; and c) a second polyorganosiloxane functionalized with two terminal carbinol groups and having a degree of polymerization in the range of from 40 to 200.
[0007] Examples of suitable thermally conductive fillers include Al2O3, Al (OH) 3, zinc oxide, boron nitride, magnesium oxide, silicon carbide, aluminum, and aluminum nitride. The thermally conductive filler preferably comprises Al2O3 or Al (OH) 3, or a combination thereof. The concentration of the thermally conductive filler is in the range of from 60 or from 65 or from 75 weight percent, to 95 or to 90 weight percent, based on weight of the thermally conductive filler, the first polyorganosiloxane, and the second polyorganosiloxane.
[0008] The first polyorganosiloxane is preferably a divinyl terminated polyorganosiloxane of Formula 1:
[0009] where each R is independently C1-C6-alkyl or phenyl, and x is in the range of from 20 or from 50, to 800 or to 400 or to 200. Preferably, each R is methyl or phenyl, more preferably methyl.
[0010] The second polyorganosiloxane is preferably a compound of Formula 2:
[0011] where each R1 is a C2-C23-monocarbinol group that optionally contains ether, ester, or amine functionality, and y is from 40 or from 60 or from 80 or from 100, to 200 or to 160 or to 140.
[0012] Preferably, each R is methyl or phenyl, more preferably methyl. As used herein, the term “monocarbinol group” refers to a branched or linear alkyl group that is functionalized with one hydroxyl group. Compound of Formula 2 can be prepared in accordance with Scheme 1:
[0013] Scheme 1
[0014] where R1′is OH or a C1-C21 monovalent monocarbinol group that optionally contains ether, ester, or amine functionality. Examples of suitable CH2=CHR1′starting materials include the following compounds:
[0015] where n is preferably in the range of from 0 to 8. Examples of polyorganosiloxanes functionalized with monocarbinols are illustrated below:
[0016] A compound of Formula 2 where R1 is a non-functionalized carbinol group may also be prepared in accordance with Scheme 2:
[0017] Scheme 2
[0018] A compound of Formula 2 where R1 is functionalized with ester groups may be prepared in accordance with Scheme 3:
[0019] Scheme 3
[0020] The composition of the present invention advantageously further comprises one or more hydrolyzable organosilanes at a concentration in the range of from 0.1 to 10 weight percent, based on the weight of the composition. As used herein, the term “hydrolyzable organosilane” refers to a linear or branched polyorganosiloxane functionalized with groups that react with water to form a crosslinking network of Si-O-Si linkages. An example of a hydrolyzable organosilane is a compound of Formula 3.
[0021] where z is 0 or 1. For z = 1, the compound of Formula 3 is 1, 1, 3, 3, -tetramethyl-1- (2-trimethoxysilyl) ethyl) disiloxane.
[0022] Another example of a hydrolyzable organosilane is a polyorganosiloxane functionalized with hydrolyzable groups, but not Si-H groups such as a compound of Formula 4:
[0023] where R and x are as defined above; each R2 is independently a vinyldimethylsiloxy group, Fragment 1, or Fragment 2:
[0024] where each R3 is independently C (O) CH3, C1-C6-alkyl, or N=C (R5) 2, where each R5 is independently C1-C4-alkyl; R4 is C1-C6-alkyl, phenyl, OR4, or - (R6) q-vinyl, where R6 is a divalent C1-C12-linear or branched hydrocarbyl group, and q is 0 or 1. Examples of compounds of Formula 4 functionalized with Fragment 1 (Formula 4a where R1 and R2 = Me in each case) can be prepared by the hydrosilylation reaction product of a compound of Formula 3 (z = 1) and a divinyl-polyorganosiloxane to form a mixture of products, as illustrated in Scheme 4:
[0025] Scheme 4:
[0026] An example of a compound of Formula 4 functionalized with Fragment 2 (R, R4, and R5 = Me in each case) can be synthesized in the presence of a moisture curable catalyst in accordance with Scheme 2:
[0027] Scheme 2:
[0028] The composition of the present invention advantageously further comprises a catalytic amount of a hydrosilylation catalyst such as a platinum catalyst. The composition may further comprise additional additives such as pigments, inhibitors, and anti-oxidizing agents.
[0029] Examples
[0030] Intermediate Example 1 -Preparation of a Monocarbinol-Terminated PDMS (dp = 118)
[0031] 2-Allyloxyethanol (6.13 g) was added to an oven-dried 500-mL 3-neck round bottom baffled flask fitted at the center neck with an addition funnel containing a hydride terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-hydride, 204.35 g, dp = 118, available from Gelest) and a N2 inlet. A thermocouple was inserted into the flask through a septum fitted on another neck and a Vigreux column with a N2 outlet on the remaining neck. The flask was heated to 60 ℃ with stirring. The PDMS-hydride was metered into the flask at a rate of ~1 drop per second. After ~5%by volume of the PDMS-hydride was added, platinum (0) -1, 3-divinyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex solution in toluene (Pt catalyst, 120 μL) was added to the round bottom flask. After 50 min, the addition of the PDMS-hydride was complete. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir with heating for 17 h, 20 min, after which time heating was removed. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool with stirring for 2 h, 45 min. The flask was then equipped with a distillation apparatus and heated to 60 ℃ in vacuo for 30 min, then heated to 90 ℃ for 1 h, 45 min to remove unreacted 2-allyloxyethanol. The contents of the flask were allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 d. Then, 10 wt %activated carbon (DARCO 12x40) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to sit at room temperature for 9 d. Celite (5 wt %) was then added, and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was filtered through a 0.45-μm Nylon membrane (47 mm diameter) over N2. The isolated product was analyzed by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy and confirmed to be a compound of the following structure:
[0032] Comp. Intermediate Example 1 -Preparation of a Dicarbinol-Terminated PDMS (dp = 118)
[0033] 3-Allyloxy-1, 2-propanediol (9.28 g) was added to an oven-dried 500-mL 3-neck round bottom baffled flask fitted at the center neck with an addition funnel containing the PDMS-hydride (239.97 g, dp = 118) and a N2 inlet. A thermocouple was inserted into the flask through a septum fitted on another neck and a Vigreux column with a N2 outlet on the remaining neck.
[0034] The flask was heated to 60 ℃ with stirring. The PDMS-hydride was metered into the flask at a rate of ~1 drop per second. After ~5%by volume of the PDMS-hydride was added, platinum (0) -1, 3-divinyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex solution in toluene (Pt catalyst, 140 μL) was added to the round bottom flask. After 45 min, the addition of the PDMS-hydride was complete. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir with heating for 19 h, 20 min, after which time heating was removed. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 13 d. The flask was then equipped with a distillation apparatus and heated to 140 ℃ in vacuo for 2 h to remove unreacted 3-allyloxy-1, 2-propanediol. Heat was removed, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 16 d. The flask was heated to 140 ℃ in vacuo for 2 h, 30 min to remove unreacted 3-allyloxy-1, 2-propanediol. Heating was removed and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 da. Then, 10 wt %activated carbon (DARCO 12x40) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 21 h, 30 min. Stirring was stopped, and the mixture allowed to stand at room temperature for 19 h, 15 min. Celite (5 wt %) was then added, and the mixture allowed to stir at room temperature for 7 h 15 min. The mixture was filtered two times through a 0.45-μm Nylon membrane (47 mm diameter) over N2. The isolated product was confirmed by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy to be a compound of the following structure:
[0035] In the following examples, pbw refers to parts by weight. Pt catalyst refers to SYL-OFFTM 4000 Pt Catalyst (Atrademark of The Dow Chemical Company or its Affiliates) .
[0036] Example 1 -Preparation of Thermally Conductive Composition with Monocarbinol Additive
[0037] A vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (8.35 pbw, vinyl-PDMS, 1.25 wt%vinyl content, viscosity = 78 mPa·s, dp = 51) was loaded into a 10-L Turello mixer and mixed for 5 min at 20 rpm under N2 at a flow rate of 0.4 m3 / h. YF-14 Al2O3 / Al (OH) 3 filler (67.15 pbw, D50 = 7 μm, from Ginet) and QY-40 spherical Al2O3 (19.9 pbw, D50 = 47 μm, from Ginet) methyltrimethoxysilane (0.2 pbw) , and a mixture of compounds of Formula 4 and Formula 1 polyorganosiloxanes1 (4 pbw) were added and mixed for an additional 15 min. The mixture was then heated to 120 ℃ in vacuo for 1 h, then cooled to 22 ℃, followed by the addition of the monocarbinol of Intermediate Example 1 (0.3 pbw) , Pt Catalyst (0.1 pbw) with mixing at 750 rpm under N2 for an additional 15 min
[0038] 1A mixture of 57 parts of the compound of Formula 1, x = 58; 37 parts of the compound of Formula 4b; and 6 parts of the compound of Formula 4a.
[0039] Example 2 -Preparation of Thermally Conductive Composition with Monocarbinol Additive
[0040] The procedure was carried out substantially as described in Example 1 except that 0.6 pbw of Intermediate Example 1 and 8.05 pbw of the vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was used.
[0041] Comparative Example 1 - Preparation of Thermally Conductive Composition with no Additive
[0042] The procedure was carried out substantially as described in Example 1 except that no additive was used, and 8.65 pbw of the vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was used.
[0043] Comparative Example 2 -Preparation of Thermally Conductive Composition with Dicarbinol Additive
[0044] The procedure was carried out substantially as described in Example 1 except that Intermediate Example 2 (0.3 pbw) was used as the additive.
[0045] Comparative Example 3 -Preparation of Thermally Conductive Composition with Dicarbinol Additive
[0046] The procedure was carried out substantially as described in Comparative Example 2 except that 0.6 pbw of Intermediate Example 2 dicarbinol was used as the additive, and 8.05 pbw of the vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was used.
[0047] Measurement of Viscosity
[0048] Low-, mid-, and high shear viscosities were measured by an Ares G2 Rheometer using 25-mm stainless steel parallel {plates? } with a 0.6-mm gap. Thixotropic index (TI) was measured by the formula: TI= η (A) / η (B)
[0049] where η (A) is the viscosity at lower shear rate and η (B) is the visocosty at higher shear rate. For these studies, A = 0.1 s-1 and B = 10 s-1.
[0050] Measurement of Flowability
[0051] Flowability was measured by dispensing a 1 mL of sample onto a glass plate and allowing the sample to spread freely. The diameter of the circle formed after 5 minutes of spreading was measured and recorded.
[0052] Measurement of Filler Settling
[0053] Filler settling was observed by the naked eye after 6 months aging and rated on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being the worst and 5 being the best, as described in the following chart.
[0054] Table 1 illustrates viscosity at low-, mid-, and high-shear; thixotropic index; flowability; and settling. η0.1 refers to the sample viscosity (in Pa·s) at 0.1 s-1; η1 refers to the sample viscosity at 1 s-1; η10 refers to the viscosity in Pa·sat 10 s-1, with low and stable viscosities (5 to 20 Pa·s) at low-, mid-, and high shear rates considered acceptable. TI refers to the thixotropic index; Flow refers to Flowability Score, with > 45 mm considered acceptable; and Settling refers to settling observed at 6 months aging, with 4-5 considered acceptable.
[0055] Table 1 -Measurement of Viscosity, TI, Flowability, and Settling of Compositions
[0056] The data show that only the example compositions of the invention passed all tests. CE1 (no additive) showed acceptable viscosities at low-, mid-, and high shear rates, acceptable TI and Flow, but poor settling upon aging. CE2 and CE3 (dicarbinol additive) showed acceptable settling upon aging but unacceptable viscosity stability, TI, and Flow.
Claims
1.A composition comprising, based on the weight of the composition, a) from 30 to 90 weight percent of a thermally conductive filler; b) from 4.9 to 39.9 weight percent of a polyorganosiloxane functionalized with at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups and having a degree of polymerization in the range of from 20 to 1000; and c) a polyorganosiloxane functionalized with two terminal carbinol groups and having a degree of polymerization in the range of from 40 to 200.2.The compound of Claim 1 which further comprises a hydrosilylation catalyst and from 0.1 to 10 weight percent of one or more hydrolyzable silanes, based on the weight of the composition.3.The composition of Claim 2 wherein the thermally conductive filler is one or more fillers selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina trihydrate, zinc oxide, boron nitride, and aluminum; the first polyorganosiloxane is a divinyl terminated polyorganosiloxane and Formula 1: where each R is independently C1-C6-alkyl or phenyl, and x is from 20 to 800; and the second polyorganosiloxane is a monocarbinol terminated polyorganosiloxane of Formula 2:where each R1 is a C2-C23-monocarbinol group that optionally contains ether, ester, or amine functionality; and y is in the range of from 40 to 200.4.The composition of Claim 3 where each R is methyl; R1 is a C2-C10-monocarbionol; x is in the range of from 50 to 200; and y is in the range of from 60 to 160.5.The composition of Claim 3 wherein the thermally conductive filler is Al2O3 or Al (OH) 3, or a combination thereof at a filler concentration in the range of from 75 to 95 weight percent, based on the weight of the composition; wherein y is in the range of from 80 to 160.6.The composition of Claim 2 where the one or more hydrolyzable silanes is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound of Formula 3 and a compound of Formula 4: where z is 0 or 1; s is from 20 to 1000; each R is methyl; and each R2 is independently a vinyldimethylsiloxy group, Fragment 1, or Fragment 2:where each R3 is independently C (O) CH3, C1-C6-alkyl, or N=C (R5) 2, where each R5 is independently C1-C4-alkyl; R4 is C1-C6-alkyl, phenyl, OR4, or - (R6) q-vinyl, where R6 is a divalent C1-C12-linear or branched hydrocarbyl group, and q is 0 or 1.7.The composition of Claim 4 where the compound of Formula 2 is selected from the group consisting of: where n is from 0 to 8.8.The composition of Claim 7 wherein the one or more hydrolyzable silanes is one or more of the following compounds: wherein x is in the range of from 50 to 200.
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