Reader-to-device transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in symbols
By supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols through a reader-to-device transmission with distinct parts, the decoding errors in A-IoT devices are mitigated, improving data rate and system performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices with simple hardware designs face decoding errors due to incorrectly identified samples per chip in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, leading to degraded performance.
Implementing separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols through a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission that includes multiple parts, with the first part supporting a lower number of chips and the second part supporting a higher number, allowing the A-IoT device to correctly decode both parts.
Improves decoding performance by enabling A-IoT devices to handle higher data rates and reduce decoding errors, enhancing overall system performance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024122154_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
READER-TO-DEVICE TRANSMISSIONS SUPPORTING SEPARATE QUANTITIES OF CHIPS IN SYMBOLS
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with reader-to-device transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication among multiple wireless communication devices including user devices or other devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Such multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, national, regional, or global level.
[0004] An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other RATs beyond NR) may be designed to better support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of things (IoT) networks or reduced capability device deployments, and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) applications. To support these verticals, NR systems may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases.
[0005] An ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device may be associated with a relatively simple hardware design. The A-IoT device may be designed to operate at low power and be implementable at low cost. The A-IoT device may be a tag or a similar device that does not include a battery or other long-term energy storage. The A-IoT device may accumulate energy from radio signaling. The A-IoT device may be associated with a relatively non-complex decoder design, which may be due to the relatively simple hardware design of the A-IoT device. A decoder of the A-IoT device may be responsible for decoding transmissions from a reader, such as a network node or a user equipment. The decoder may perform the decoding based at least in part on a number of samples per chip of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, which may be based at least in part on the relatively non-complex decoder design. When a number of chips per OFDM symbol is increased (e.g., a number of time-domain chips per OFDM symbol is increased) , the A-IoT device may be more likely to incorrectly identify the number of samples per chip of the OFDM symbol. An incorrectly identified number of samples per chip of the OFDM symbol may negatively affect a decoding performance, thereby degrading an overall performance of the A-IoT device.SUMMARY
[0006] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a first device includes one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories, at least one processor of the one or more processors configured to cause the first device to: transmit, to a second device, a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and receive, from the second device, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0007] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a second device includes one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories, at least one processor of the one or more processors configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and transmit, to the first device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0008] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed at a first device includes transmitting, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and receiving, from the second device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0009] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed at a second device includes receiving, from a first device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and transmitting, to the first device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0010] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a first device, cause the first device to: transmit, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and receive, from the second device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0011] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a second device, cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and transmit, to the first device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0012] In some implementations, a first apparatus for wireless communication includes means for transmitting, to a second apparatus, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and means for receiving, from the second apparatus, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0013] In some implementations, a second apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving, from a first apparatus, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0014] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, this specification and accompanying drawings.
[0015] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0017] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of radio frequency identification (RFID) in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a start of a clock acquisition in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a clock acquisition in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Figures 7-16 are diagrams illustrating examples associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Figure 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a first device in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a second device in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Figures 19-20 are diagrams of example apparatuses for wireless communication in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms. The present disclosure is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0028] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0029] Some Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , may be associated with a relatively simple hardware design that may be designed to use low power and be implementable at low cost. A-IoT technology may include passive IoT (such as New Radio (NR) passive IoT for 5G Advanced) , semi-passive IoT, active IoT, or ultra-light IoT. In passive IoT, a terminal (such as a tag or a similar device) may not include a battery or other long-term energy storage, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. In some examples, the terminal may accumulate solar or other energy to supplement accumulated energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, backscattering communication may be implemented at a type of passive IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device, ” which may modulate a reflecting radio signal from a radio frequency (RF) source to convey data. Some IoT devices may be referred to as semi-passive IoT devices. At a semi-passive IoT device, communication between a reader and the IoT device does not need to be preceded by an energy harvesting waveform. For example, a semi-passive IoT device may include a battery or similar energy source that can power the semi-passive IoT device. Some IoT devices may be referred to as active IoT devices. An active IoT device may have a battery or similar energy source and an active radio, allowing for active transmission and reception without energy harvesting or backscattering. A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with industrial sensors, for which battery replacement may be prohibitively difficult or undesirable (such as for safety monitoring or fault detection in smart factories, infrastructures, or environments) . Additionally, features of A-IoT devices, such as low cost, small size, simple or infrequent maintenance, durability, and long lifespan, may facilitate smart logistics and warehousing (for example, in connection with automated asset management) . Furthermore, A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with smart home networks for household item management, wearable devices, or similar applications.
[0030] An IoT device may be associated with a relatively non-complex decoder design, which may be due to the relatively simple hardware design of the A-IoT device. A decoder of the A-IoT device may be responsible for decoding a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission from a reader, such as a network node or a user equipment (UE) . The decoder may perform a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) decoding based at least in part on a number of samples per chip of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, which may be based at least in part on the relatively non-complex decoder design. A chip may be a time domain unit. A chip may be on (for example, on-chip) , where the chip that is on may be associated with a radio frequency (RF) on or a high voltage. A chip may be off (for example, off-chip) , where the chip that is off may be associated with an RF off or a low voltage. The OFDM symbol may be divided into a plurality of chips (or time domain units) . The number of samples per chip of the OFDM symbol may occur during a clock acquisition of the transmission from the reader. The A-IoT device may count the number of samples per chip of the OFDM symbol associated with the clock acquisition, and the A-IoT device may perform the PRDCH decoding based on the number of counted samples. When a number of chips per OFDM symbol (M) is increased, the A-IoT device may be more likely to incorrectly identify the number of samples per chip of the OFDM symbol. An incorrectly identified number of samples per chip of the OFDM symbol may negatively affect a decoding performance, thereby degrading an overall performance of the A-IoT device.
[0031] The A-IoT device may determine a length of a chip in one OFDM symbol (for example, a length of a time unit in one OFDM symbol) associated with a PRDCH decoding by counting the number of samples in one chip of the clock acquisition. For example, the A-IoT device may count 20 samples in a first chip associated with a high voltage, where the first chip may be associated with the clock acquisition. During the PRDCH decoding, the A-IoT device may check every 20 samples whether a chip is on or off. The A-IoT device, by learning a number of samples in one chip, may be able to properly decode a plurality of chips associated with a PRDCH.
[0032] When the clock acquisition starts at a start of an OFDM symbol (for example, an OFDM symbol left side) , and when the clock acquisition and the PRDCH share a chip length, a cyclic prefix (CP) that immediately precedes the clock acquisition may cause a false edge when M is relatively large (for example, when M is greater than 16) , where M is a number of chips in one OFDM symbol. When M is relatively large (for example, when M is 24) , the CP may only be a portion of a last one or two chips of the OFDM symbol (the CP may not be only a portion when M is not relatively large) . As a result, as an example, the A-IoT device may count 3 samples in the CP (which may be considered to be a part of the clock acquisition) , but the A-IoT device may count 5 samples in a first chip of the clock acquisition. The CP may have 3 samples, whereas other chips in the clock acquisition may have 5 samples, which may result in the false edge associated with the CP. During the PRDCH decoding, the A-IoT device may incorrectly check every 3 samples whether a chip is on or off instead of every 5 samples, which may be due to the discrepancy in a number of samples in the CP and a number of samples in the first chip of the clock acquisition. In other words, the A-IoT device may use an incorrect chip length during the PRDCH decoding due to the discrepancy between the number of samples in the CP versus the number of samples in the first chip of the clock acquisition. The discrepancy may negatively affect a performance of the PRDCH decoding, which may degrade the overall system performance.
[0033] In some aspects, a first device, such as a network node or the UE, may transmit an R2D transmission to a second device, such as an A-IoT device. The first device may be a reader and the second device may be a tag. The R2D transmission may include a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission. The start indicator and the clock acquisition may be associated with an R2D preamble. The PRDCH transmission may have at least two parts. A first part of the PRDCH transmission may support a different M value set as compared to a second part of the PRDCH transmission, where M is a number of chips in one OFDM symbol. The first part of the PRDCH transmission may include PRDCH control information (or PRDCH control) . A PRDCH, which may convey the PRDCH transmission, may support M values in a certain set of values, which may be represented by Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . For example, Ψ may equal {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32} . In the first part of the PRDCH transmission, M may be less than or equal to X in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} , where X is one value in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . In the second part of the PRDCH transmission, M may correspond to Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . The second part of the PRDCH transmission may support all M in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . In other words, the first part of the PRDCH transmission may support a lower M value as compared to the second part of the PRDCH transmission. The second part of the PRDCH transmission may support not only a lower M value, but also a higher M value, as compared to the first part of the PRDCH transmission. The second part of the PRDCH transmission may include PRDCH data.
[0034] In some aspects, the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission may support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols. The clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission may support separate quantities of chips per OFDM symbol. For example, the clock acquisition may support a first quantity of chips per OFDM symbol, and the PRDCH transmission may support a second quantity of chips per OFDM symbol. In one example, the first quantity and the second quantity may correspond to the same value. In some aspects, the PRDCH transmission may include multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols. The multiple parts may support separate quantities of chips per OFDM symbol. For example, the PRDCH transmission may include the PRDCH control information, where the PRDCH control information may support a first quantity of chips per OFDM symbol. The PRDCH transmission may also include the PRDCH data, where the PRDCH data may support a second quantity of chips per OFDM symbol. In one example, the first quantity and the second quantity may correspond to the same value.
[0035] In some aspects, the first part of the PRDCH transmission may indicate, via information bits, an M value of the second part of the PRDCH transmission, by either indicating a ratio of a first part of the PRDCH transmission and a second part of the PRDCH transmission, or by indicating an exact value of M for the second part of the PRDCH transmission. Without an indication in the first part of the PRDCH transmission, by default, the first part of the PRDCH transmission and the second part of the PRDCH transmission may have a same M value. The first part of the PRDCH transmission may support M = {1, 2, 4, 8} and the second part of the PRDCH transmission may support M = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24} , in which case X is 8. The PRDCH control may indicate an exact chip rate of the PRDCH data. In some aspects, the first part of the PRDCH transmission and the second part of the PRDCH transmission may both support all M values in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} , but an M value of the second part of the PRDCH transmission may always be greater than or equal to an M value of the first part of the PRDCH transmission.
[0036] In some aspects, the clock acquisition may have a same chip length as the first part associated with the PRDCH transmission and / or the second part associated with the PRDCH transmission. In some aspects, the clock acquisition may only support an M value that is less than or equal to X in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . For example, the clock acquisition may have a same chip length as the first part, where the first part may support M = {1, 2, 4, 8} , and the second part may support M = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24} .
[0037] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages.
[0038] In some examples, by configuring separate values of M for the first part of the PRDCH transmission and the second part of the PRDCH transmission, the A-IoT device may be able to support a relatively high value of M, which may result in a relatively high data rate in the PRDCH. The relatively high data rate may improve an overall system performance. When the separate values of M are not configured, and when M is the relatively high value, a CP prior to the clock acquisition may cause a false edge, which may cause a PRDCH decoding error at the A-IoT device. As a result, when the separate values of M are not configured, the relatively high value of M may be unable to be supported due to the associated PRDCH decoding error.
[0039] In some examples, by configuring the first part of the PRDCH transmission to indicate an M value associated with the second part of the PRDCH transmission, the A-IoT device may be able to decode the second part of the PRDCH transmission based at least in part on the indicated M value. Since an M value associated with the first part of the PRDCH transmission may be relatively small (e.g., the same M value as the clock acquisition) , in relation to the M value associated with the second part of the PRDCH transmission, a CP prior to the clock acquisition may not negatively affect a decoding of the first part of the PRDCH transmission. In other words, the CP associated with the clock acquisition may have no influence on decoding. The A-IoT device may correctly decode the first part of the PRDCH transmission, and then based at least in part on the indicated M value, the A-IoT device may decode the second part of the PRDCH transmission. As a result, even when the M value associated with the second part of the PRDCH transmission is relatively large, the A-IoT device may be able to successfully decode the second part of the PRDCH transmission, thereby improving the overall system performance.
[0040] As described above, wireless communication systems may be deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Some wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) . The multiple-access RATs may be capable of supporting communication with multiple wireless communication devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) .
[0041] Multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of Things (IoT) networks or reduced capability (RedCap) device deployments, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) applications, and / or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , among other examples.
[0042] To support these and other target verticals, a wireless communication system may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , beamforming, IoT device or RedCap device connectivity and management, industrial connectivity, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , frequency spectrum expansion, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication (for example, sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) ) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, RF sensing, network energy savings (NES) , low-power signaling and radios, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples.
[0043] The foregoing and other technological improvements may support use cases, such as wireless fronthauls, wireless midhauls, wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples.
[0044] As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies or new technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases or new use cases.
[0045] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110. For example, in Figure 1, the wireless communication network 100 includes a network node (NN) 110a and a network node 110b. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120. For example, in Figure 1, the network nodes 110 support communication with a UE 120a, a UE 120b, and a UE 120c. In some examples, a UE 120 may also communicate with other UEs 120 and a network node 110 may communicate with a core network and with other network nodes 110.
[0046] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency bands or ranges. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with other RATs. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may support communication over unlicensed spectrum, where access to an unlicensed channel is subject to a channel access mechanism. For example, in a shared or unlicensed frequency band, a transmitting device may perform a channel access procedure, such as a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure, to contend against other devices for channel access before transmitting on a shared or unlicensed channel.
[0047] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into the mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to mid-band frequencies or to frequencies that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, FR5, and / or the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz.
[0048] A network node 110 and / or a UE 120 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. For example, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may each include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system, such as a processing system 140 of the UE 120 or a processing system 145 of the network node 110. A processing system (for example, the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145) includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set. In some other examples, each of a group of processors may be configurable or configured to perform a same set of functions.
[0049] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0050] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a cellular (for example, a 5G or 6G compliant) modem) . In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may also include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains, or transceivers. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by the processing system 140 of the UE 120 or by the processing system 145 of the network node 110) .
[0051] A network node 110 and a UE 120 may each include one or multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Typical network nodes 110 and UEs 120 may include multiple antennas, which may be organized or structured into one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. As used herein, the term “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. The term “antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters associated with the group of antennas. The term “antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas as well as one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device such as the network node 110 and the UE 120.
[0052] A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) . In various deployments, a network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements a part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node having an aggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single physical structure in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that operates with a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0053] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , having a disaggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may operate with a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. An example disaggregated network node architecture is described in more detail below with reference to Figure 2. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating network functionality into multiple units or modules that can be individually deployed.
[0054] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layers, such as a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host a lower PHY layer that is configured to perform functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (IFFT) , beamforming, and / or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. An RU may perform RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an IFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer split (LLS) . In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some examples, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples, which may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as in a cloud deployment.
[0055] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. The term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or more cells (for example, each cell may support communication within an angular (for example, 60 degree) range around the network node) . In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may also allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0056] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas (for example, a cell 130a and a cell 130b) , and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110.
[0057] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the coverage area of the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry, a gaming device, an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0058] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between that of the UEs 120 of the first category and that of the UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capability UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0059] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (for example, frames, subframes, slots, and symbols) , frequency domain resources (for example, frequency bands, component carriers (CCs) , subcarriers, resource blocks, and resource elements) , and spatial domain resources (for example, particular transmit directions or beams) .
[0060] Frequency domain resources may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous set of resource blocks (RBs) within a full component carrier bandwidth) that may be configured at a UE-specific level. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (which may be the same or different) . Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and CP) . A BWP may be dynamically configured or activated (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a downlink control information (DCI) configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured (for example, in real-time or near-real-time) according to changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. An active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 120 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell. The use of BWPs enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor and reduce UE power consumption by enabling the UE to monitor fewer frequency domain resources) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability (for example, RedCap) UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120 and / or by facilitating reduced UE power consumption.
[0061] As used herein, a downlink signal may be or include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, downlink reference signals include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , an SS block (SSB) (for example, that includes a PSS, an SSS, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , a tracking reference signal (TRS) , and a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , among other examples. A downlink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via a downlink channel. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Downlink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, downlink control channel communications and / or downlink data channel communications. A downlink control channel may be specifically used to transmit DCI from a network node 110 to a UE 120. DCI generally contains the information the UE 120 needs to identify RBs in a subsequent subframe and how to decode them, including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or redundancy version parameters. Different DCI formats carry different information, such as scheduling information in the form of downlink or uplink grants, slot formal indicators (SFIs) , preemption indicators (PIs) , transmit power control (TPC) commands, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, new data indicators (NDIs) , among other examples. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PDCCH and PDSCH, respectively. For example, a PDCCH can carry DCI, while a PDSCH can carry a MAC control element (MAC-CE) , an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. Each PDSCH may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data.
[0062] As used herein, an uplink signal may include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, uplink reference signals include a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a PTRS, and a DMRS, among other examples. An uplink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via an uplink channel. An uplink channel may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Uplink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, uplink control channel communications and / or uplink data channel communications. An uplink control channel may be specifically used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PUCCH and PUSCH, respectively. For example, a PUCCH can carry UCI, while a PUSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. UCI can include a scheduling request (SR) , HARQ feedback information (for example, a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) indication or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication) , uplink power control information (for example, an uplink TPC parameter) , and / or CSI, among other examples. CSI can include a channel quality indicator (CQI) (indicative of downlink channel conditions to facilitate selection of transmission parameters, such as an MCS, by a network node 110) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit a CSI-RS) , an SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit an SSB) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and / or measurement information (for example, a layer 1 (L1) -reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, among other examples) which can be used for beam management, among other examples. Each PUSCH may carry one or more TBs of data.
[0063] The information (for example, data, control information, or reference signal information) transmitted by a network node 110 to a UE 120, or vice versa, may be represented as a sequence of binary bits that are mapped (for example, modulated) to an analog signal waveform (for example, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a CP-OFDM waveform) that is transmitted by the network node 110 or UE 120 over a wireless communication channel. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively) may select an MCS (for example, an order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , such as 64-QAM, 128-QAM, or 256-QAM, among other examples) for a downlink signal or an uplink signal. For example, the network node 110 may select an MCS for a downlink signal in accordance with UCI received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may transmit, to the UE 120, an indication of the selected MCS for the downlink signal, such as via DCI that schedules the downlink signal. As another example, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of an MCS to be applied for the one or more uplink signals, such as via DCI scheduling transmission of the one or more uplink signals.
[0064] The network node 110 or the UE 120 (such as by using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing on the information (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, an IFFT operation, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, and / or encoding, among other examples) to generate a processed signal in accordance with the selected MCS. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled encoders or modems) may perform a channel coding operation or a forward error correction (FEC) operation to control errors in transmitted information. For example, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform an encoding operation to generate encoded information (such as by selectively introducing redundancy into the information, typically using an error correction code (ECC) , such as a polar code or a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) . The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 and / or one or more modems) may further perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the encoded information to generate one or more processed or precoded signals for downlink or uplink transmission, respectively. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform codebook-based precoding or non-codebook-based precoding. Codebook-based precoding may involve selecting a precoder (for example, a precoding matrix) using a codebook. For example, the network node 110 may provide precoding information indicating which precoder, defined by the codebook, is to be used by the UE 120. Non-codebook-based precoding may involve selecting or deriving a precoder based on, or otherwise associated with, one or more downlink or uplink signal measurements. The network node 110 or the UE 120 may transmit the processed downlink or uplink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas.
[0065] The network node 110 or the UE 120 may receive uplink signals or downlink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing (for example, in accordance with the MCS) on the received uplink or downlink signals, respectively (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, an FFT operation, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, and / or decoding, among other examples) , to map the received signal (s) to a sequence of binary bits (for example, received information) that estimates the information transmitted by the network node 110 or the UE 120 via the downlink or uplink signals. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or a coupled decoder or one or more modems) may decode the received information (such as by using an ECC, a decoding operation, and / or an FEC operation) to detect errors and / or correct bit errors in the received information to generate decoded information. The decoded information may estimate the information transmitted via the downlink or uplink signals.
[0066] In some examples, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. A network node 110 and / or UE 120 may communicate using massive MIMO, multi-user MIMO, or single-user MIMO, which may involve rapid switching between beams or cells. For example, the amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating a phase shift, a phase offset, and / or an amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. For example, the network node 110b may generate one or more beams 160a, and the UE 120b may generate one or more beams 160b. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction, a directional reception of a wireless signal from a transmitting device or otherwise in a desired direction, a direction associated with a directional transmission or directional reception, a set of directional resources associated with a signal transmission or signal reception (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal, among other examples.
[0067] MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may include a massive MIMO technique which may be associated with an increased (for example, “massive” ) quantity of antennas at the network node 110 and / or at the UE 120, such as in a network implementing mmWave technology. Massive MIMO may improve communication reliability by enabling a network node 110 and / or a UE 120 to communicate the same data across different propagation (or spatial) paths. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ MIMO techniques, such as multi-TRP (mTRP) operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0068] To support MIMO techniques, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may perform one or more beam management operations, such as an initial beam acquisition operation, one or more beam refinement operations, and / or a beam recovery operation. For example, an initial beam acquisition operation may involve the network node 110 transmitting signals (for example, SSBs, CSI-RSs, or other signals) via respective beams (for example, of the beams 160a of the network node 110) and the UE 120 receiving and measuring the signal (s) via respective beams of multiple beams (for example, from the beams 160b of the UE 120) to identify a best beam (or beam pair) for communication between the UE 120 and the network node 110. For example, the UE 120 may transmit an indication (for example, in a message associated with a random access channel (RACH) operation) of a (best) identified beam of the network node 110 (for example, by indicating an SSBRI or other identifier associated with the beam) . A beam refinement operation may involve a first device (for example, the UE 120 or the network node 110) transmitting signal (s) via a subset of beams (for example, identified based on, or otherwise associated with, measurements reported as part of one or more other beam management operations) . A second device (for example, the network node 110 or the UE 120) may receive the signal (s) via a single beam (for example, to identify the best beam for communication from the subset of beams) . The beam (s) may be identified via one or more spatial parameters, such as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state and / or a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter, among other examples. The network node 110 and the UE 120 may increase reliability and / or achieve efficiencies in throughput, signal strength, and / or other signal properties for massive MIMO operations by performing the beam management operations.
[0069] Some aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an artificial intelligence (AI) program (for example, referred to herein as an “AI / ML model” ) , such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) model and / or an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The AI / ML model may be deployed at one or more devices 165 (for example, a network node 110 and / or UEs 120) . For example, the one or more devices 165 may include a UE 120 (for example, the processing system 140) , a network node 110 (for example, the processing system 145) , one or more servers, and / or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples. In some examples, the AI / ML model (or an instance of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at multiple devices (for example, a first portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110) . In other examples, a first AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110. The AI / ML model (s) may be configured to enhance various aspects of the wireless communication network 100. For example, the AI / ML model (s) may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to the wireless communication network 100, a device, and / or an air interface, among other examples. The AI / ML model (s) may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services.
[0070] In some aspects, a first device (for example, the network node 110 or the UE 120) may include a communication manager 150 or a communication manager 155. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 or the communication manager 155 may transmit, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and receive, from the second device, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission in response to the R2D transmission. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 or the communication manager 155 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0071] In some aspects, a second device (for example, A-IoT device 122) may include a communication manager 160. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 160 may receive, from a first device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and transmit, to the first device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 160 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0072] The network node 110, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, a CU, a DU, an RU, or any other component (s) of Figure 1 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the CU, the DU, or the RU may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1700 of Figure 17, process 1800 of Figure 18, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . Memory of the network node 110 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the network node 110, the CU, the DU, or the RU. In some examples, the memory of the network node 110 may store data relating to a UE 120, such as RRC state information or a UE context. Memory of a UE 120 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the UE 120, such as context information. In some examples, the memory of the UE 120 or the memory of the network node 110 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. For example, the set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors (for example, of the processing system 145 or the processing system 140) of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU, the DU, or the RU, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1700 of Figure 17, process 1800 of Figure 18, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0073] In some aspects, the first device (for example, the network node 110 or the UE 120) includes means for transmitting, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and / or means for receiving, from the second device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission. In some aspects, the means for the first device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 155, processing system 145, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1902 depicted and described in connection with Figure 19) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1904 depicted and described in connection with Figure 19) , among other examples. In some aspects, the means for the first device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1902 depicted and described in connection with Figure 19) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1904 depicted and described in connection with Figure 19) , among other examples.
[0074] In some aspects, the second device (for example, the A-IoT device 122) includes means for receiving, from a first device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and / or means for transmitting, to the first device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission. In some aspects, the means for the second device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 2002 depicted and described in connection with Figure 20) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 2004 depicted and described in connection with Figure 20) , among other examples.
[0075] Different device types associated with A-IoT may include a passive radio, a semi-passive radio with energy harvesting and energy storage, or an active radio with energy harvesting and energy storage. The passive radio may be associated with a backscatter communication, no or very small energy storage, an RF signal as an energy source, no Tx signal amplification, a range of less than 13 meters to approximately 31 meters, a device sensitivity of -20 dBm, a power consumption on the order of a few micro watts (μW) , low complexity, passive radio frequency identification (RFID) , and an interface that supports backscatter communication. The semi-passive radio with energy harvesting may be associated with a backscatter communication, small energy storage, an RF signal as an energy source, no / yes Tx signal amplification, a range of less than 22 meters to approximately 61 meters, a device sensitivity of -35 dBm, a power consumption in the range of 10 to 100 μW, medium complexity, semi-passive RFID, and an interface that supports backscatter communication. The active radio with energy harvesting may be associated with a Tx / Rx communication, medium energy storage, an RF signal or solar as an energy source, Tx signal amplification, a range of less than 100 meters to approximately 300 meters, a device sensitivity of -35 / -100 dBm, a power consumption in the range of a few hundred μW to 1 mW, high complexity, active RFID / Bluetooth, and an interface that supports backscatter communication and minimal active communication.
[0076] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of RFID in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0077] In a first operation 202, RFID may be associated with a reader 204 and a tag 208. The reader 204 may be associated with an antenna 206. The reader 204 may send data to the tag 208 via a forward link (FL) . The tag 208 may send data to the reader 204 via a backward link (BL) . In a second operation 210, a carrier wave (CW) from the reader 204 may be associated with an electromagnetic (EM) strength, which may vary depending on whether the CW is conveying data. Backscattered data from the tag 208 may be associated with an EM strength. The backscattered data may be based at least in part on the CW that conveys the data.
[0078] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example 300 of A-IoT in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0079] In a first operation 302, in a first scenario, a network node 304 may communicate with an A-IoT device 306. Alternatively, the network node 304 may communicate with an electronic tag, an energy harvesting device, or an RFID-like tag, instead of the A-IoT device 306. The network node 304 may function as a reader. The network node 304 may transmit a downlink transmission to the A-IoT device 306 via a reader-to-device (R2D) link. The downlink transmission may be a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) transmission (or R2D transmission) . The A-IoT device 306 may transmit an uplink transmission to the network node 304 via a device-to-reader (D2R) link. The uplink transmission may be a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) transmission (or D2R transmission) .
[0080] In a second operation 308, in a second scenario, a network node 304 may communicate with a UE 310 (for example, in an uplink direction and / or in a downlink direction) . The UE 310 may be a relaying device. The UE 310 may also function as a reader. The UE 310 may transmit a downlink transmission to an A-IoT device 306 via an R2D link (or forward link) . The downlink transmission may be a PRDCH transmission (or R2D transmission) . The A-IoT device 306 may transmit an uplink transmission to the UE 310 via a D2R link (or backward link) . The uplink transmission may be a PDRCH transmission (or D2R transmission) . The A-IoT device 306 may be associated with energy harvesting and energy storage.
[0081] A harmonized air interface for A-IoT may be designed to enable a first device associated with a first device type. The first device may be associated with an approximately one μW peak power consumption, energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of up to 10X parts per million (ppm) , and neither a downlink nor an uplink application, where X is a predefined value. The first device’s uplink transmission may be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. The first device may be associated with 1 μW.
[0082] The harmonized air interface for A-IoT may be designed to enable a second device associated with a second device type. The second device may be associated with a less than or equal to a few hundred μW power peak consumption, energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of up to 10X ppm, and both downlink and uplink amplification. The second device’s uplink transmission may be generated internally by the second device. The second device may be associated with 100 μW.
[0083] The harmonized air interface for A-IoT may be designed to enable a third device associated with a third device type. The third device may be associated with a less than or equal to a few hundred μW power peak consumption, energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of up to 10X ppm, and both downlink and uplink amplification. The third device’s uplink transmission may be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. The third device may be associated with 100 μW.
[0084] A coverage design target may include a maximum distance of 10 to 50 meters for an indoor device. The harmonized air interface for A-IoT may be for a first topology and a second topology (for example, a UE as an intermediate node under network control) with no RRC states, no mobility (for example, no cell selection / reselection related functions) , no hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) , and no automatic repeat request (ARQ) .
[0085] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of an R2D transmission in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0086] As shown in Figure 4, an R2D transmission may include an R2D preamble and a PRDCH transmission. The R2D preamble may be associated with a start indicator and a clock acquisition. The PRDCH transmission may be associated with control and data.
[0087] For R2D, the clock acquisition may be associated with an R2D time acquisition signal. The clock acquisition may be used to determine an on-off-keying (OOK) chip duration. A pattern design may be used to support a determination of the OOK chip duration.
[0088] For the R2D time acquisition signal, which may immediately precede the PRDCH transmission, the R2D preamble may include the start indicator and the clock acquisition, where the start indicator may immediately precede the clock acquisition. The start indicator may provide a start of the R2D transmission. The clock acquisition may provide at least a chip synchronization of the PRDCH transmission (subsequent PRDCH transmission) . The clock acquisition may be associated with a specific structure, encoding, and / or length. The OOK chip duration of the PRDCH transmission may be determined. The R2D preamble may not be considered to be part of a physical channel.
[0089] The start indicator part may indicate to an A-IoT device a start of the R2D transmission. The clock acquisition may be used to configure an M value of the PRDCH transmission, where M is a number of OOK chips in one OFDM symbol. A chip is a time domain unit. An on-chip may refer to a chip with an RF on (high voltage) , and an off-chip may refer to a chip with an RF off (low voltage) . By combining on-chips and off-chips in a time domain, different waveforms may be achieved. The M value, or an OOK chip length, may be implicitly configured by the clock acquisition. For example, a clock acquisition may use a same chip length as the PRDCH transmission.
[0090] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of a start of a clock acquisition in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0091] In a first operation 502, OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with a start indicator. OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with M = 3 (three chips) , where a first chip may be associated with a high voltage, and a second chip and a third chip may be associated with a low voltage. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with a clock acquisition. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with M = 2 (two chips) , where a first chip may be associated with a high voltage and a second chip may be associated with a low voltage. In this example, the clock acquisition may start from an OFDM symbol left side. In other words, the clock acquisition may start at a start of an OFDM symbol (for example, OFDM symbol 2) .
[0092] In a second operation 504, OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with a start indicator and a clock acquisition. OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with M = 3 (three chips) , where a first chip may be associated with a low voltage, a second chip may be associated with a high voltage, and a third chip may be associated with a low voltage. The first chip may be associated with the start indicator, and the second chip and the third chip may be associated with the clock acquisition. In this example, the clock acquisition may start from a middle of an OFDM symbol (for example, OFDM symbol 1) .
[0093] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of a clock acquisition in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0094] An A-IoT device may determine a length of an OOK chip associated with a PRDCH decoding by counting a number of samples in one chip of a clock acquisition. For example, the A-IoT device may count 20 samples in a first chip associated with a high voltage, where the first chip may be associated with the clock acquisition. During the PRDCH decoding, the A-IoT device may check every 20 samples whether a chip is on or off. The A-IoT device, by learning a number of samples in one chip, may be able to properly decode a plurality of chips associated with a PRDCH.
[0095] As shown in Figure 6, when a clock acquisition starts at a start of an OFDM symbol (for example, OFDM symbol left side) , and when the clock acquisition and a PRDCH share a chip length, a CP that immediately precedes the clock acquisition may cause a false edge when M is relatively large (for example, when M is greater than 16) , where M is a number of OOK chips in one OFDM symbol. When M is relatively large (for example, when M is 24) , the CP may only be a portion of a last one or two chips of the OFDM symbol (the CP may not be only a portion when M is not relatively large) . As a result, as an example, an A-IoT device may count 3 samples in the CP (which may be considered to be a part of the clock acquisition) , but the A-IoT device may count 5 samples in a first chip of the clock acquisition. The CP may have 3 samples, whereas other chips in the clock acquisition may have 5 samples, which may result in the false edge associated with the CP. During the PRDCH decoding, the A-IoT device may incorrectly check every 3 samples whether a chip is on or off, instead of every 5 samples, which may be due to the discrepancy in a number of samples in the CP and a number of samples in the first chip of the clock acquisition. In other words, the A-IoT device may use an incorrect OOK chip length during the PRDCH decoding due to the discrepancy between the number of samples in the CP versus the number of samples in the first chip of the clock acquisition. The discrepancy may negatively affect a performance of the PRDCH decoding, which may degrade an overall system performance.
[0096] In various aspects of techniques and apparatuses described herein, a PRDCH transmission may have at least two parts. A first part of the PRDCH transmission may support a different M value set as compared to a second part of the PRDCH transmission, where M is a number of OOK chips in one OFDM symbol. A PRDCH, which may convey the PRDCH transmission, may support M values in a certain set of values, which may be represented by Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . For example, Ψ may equal {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32} . In the first part of the PRDCH transmission, M may be less than or equal to X in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} , where X is one value in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . In the second part of the PRDCH transmission, M may correspond to Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . The second part of the PRDCH transmission may support all M in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . In other words, the first part of the PRDCH transmission may support a lower M value as compared to the second part of the PRDCH transmission. The second part of the PRDCH transmission may support not only a lower M value, but also a higher M value, as compared to the first part of the PRDCH transmission. An R2D transmission may include a clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission, where the PRDCH transmission may include control and / or data.
[0097] In some aspects, the first part of the PRDCH transmission may indicate, via information bits, an M value of the second part of the PRDCH transmission, by either indicating a ratio of a first-part-and-second-part M value, or by indicating an exact value of M for the second part of the PRDCH transmission. Without an indication in the first part of the PRDCH transmission, by default, the first part of the PRDCH transmission and the second part of the PRDCH transmission may have a same M value. For example, the first part of the PRDCH transmission may be associated with PRDCH control and the second part of the PRDCH transmission may be associated with PRDCH data. The first part of the PRDCH transmission may support M = {1, 2, 4, 8} and the second part of the PRDCH transmission may support M = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24} , in which case X is 8. The PRDCH control may indicate an exact chip rate of the PRDCH data. In some aspects, the first part of the PRDCH transmission and the second part of the PRDCH transmission may both support all M values in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} , but an M value of the second part of the PRDCH transmission may always be greater than or equal to an M value of the first part of the PRDCH transmission.
[0098] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0099] As shown in Figure 7, a PRDCH transmission may include a first part associated with a PDRCH control and a second part associated with a PDRCH data. The first part may be associated with M = 2, and the second part may be associated with M = 8. In a first option, the first part may indicate M = 8, which is to be applicable for the second part, via one or more bits in the first part. In a second option, the first part may indicate an M value ratio of (M of part 2 / M of part 1) of 4, which may indicate that M = 8 is to be applicable for the second part in view of M = 2 being applicable to the first part. In some aspects, by configuring separate values of M for the first part and the second part, a relatively high value of M may be supported, which may result in a relatively high data rate OOK in a PRDCH. The relatively high data rate OOK may improve an overall system performance.
[0100] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, example 800 includes communication between a first device (for example, network node 110 or UE 120) and a second device (for example, A-IoT device 122) . In some aspects, the first device and the second device may be included in a wireless network, such as wireless network 100. The first device may be a network device or a UE, and the second device may be an A-IoT device. The first device may be a reader and the second device may be a tag.
[0101] In a first operation 802, the first device may transmit, to the second device, an R2D transmission. The R2D transmission may be associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission. The clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission may support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols. The PRDCH transmission may include multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols. The PRDCH transmission that includes the multiple parts may include PRDCH control information and PRDCH data. The PRDCH control information and the PRDCH data may support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols.
[0102] In some aspects, the PRDCH control information may support a quantity of chips in one symbol that is less than or equal to a chip value. The chip value may be included in a set of chip values for one symbol. The PRDCH data may support the set of chip values for one symbol. In some aspects, the PRDCH control information may support a first quantity of chips in one symbol and the PRDCH data may support a second quantity of chips in one symbol. The first quantity of chips in one symbol may be less than or equal to the second quantity of chips in one symbol.
[0103] In some aspects, a chip in one symbol may be a time domain unit. The chip may be on or off. A chip that is on may be associated with an RF on or a high voltage. A chip that is off may be associated with an RF off or a low voltage.
[0104] In some aspects, the PRDCH control information may include one or more information bits to indicate a quantity of chips in one symbol for the PRDCH data. The PRDCH control information may include one or more information bits to indicate a ratio of a quantity of chips in one symbol supported by the PRDCH control information and a quantity of chips in one symbol supported by the PRDCH data. In some aspects, the PRDCH control information and the PRDCH data may support a same quantity of chips in one symbol.
[0105] In some aspects, the clock acquisition and the PRDCH control information may support a same quantity of chips in one symbol. In some aspects, the clock acquisition may start at a middle of a symbol and span to an end of the symbol. The clock acquisition may start at a beginning of the symbol and span to the end of the symbol. The clock acquisition may start at the middle of the symbol or at the beginning of the symbol based at least in part on a quantity of chips in the symbol. In some aspects, the clock acquisition may support a line coding violation. The clock acquisition may end with the line coding violation in response to a quantity of chips in one symbol being greater than or equal to the chip value.
[0106] In some aspects, the PRDCH control information may indicate a quantity of chips in one symbol for the PRDCH data. The quantity of chips in one symbol may be reused for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission. The subsequent R2D transmission may exclude PRDCH control information. In some aspects, the PRDCH control information may indicate a quantity of chips in one symbol for the PRDCH data. The PRDCH control information may indicate a quantity of chips in one symbol to be used for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission. The subsequent R2D transmission may exclude PRDCH control information.
[0107] In some aspects, the clock acquisition may be associated with a high-low voltage combination. The high-low voltage combination may correspond to a quantity of chips in one symbol for the PRDCH control information or the PRDCH data. In some aspects, the clock acquisition may be associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one symbol as the PRDCH control information, or the clock acquisition may be associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one symbol as the PRDCH data.
[0108] In some aspects, a predefined on-duration may be associated with the start indicator or the clock acquisition. The predefined on-duration may be associated with a frequency synchronization. The predefined on-duration may be associated with a beginning, a middle, or an end of the clock acquisition. The predefined on-duration may be associated with an end of the start indicator.
[0109] In a second operation 804, the second device may transmit, to the first device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission. The second device may respond to the R2D transmission with the D2R transmission. For example, the R2D device may be an acknowledgement (ACK) or another type of suitable response. In one example, the D2R transmission may be a backscattered transmission.
[0110] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0111] In some aspects, a clock acquisition (for example, an R2D clock acquisition) may have a same chip length as a first part associated with a PRDCH transmission and / or a second part associated with the PRDCH transmission. In some aspects, the clock acquisition may only support an M value that is less than or equal to X in Ψ = {M1, M2, …Mk} . For example, the clock acquisition may have a same chip length as the first part, where the first part may support M = {1, 2, 4, 8} , and the second part may support M = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24}
[0112] As shown in Figure 9, OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with a start indicator. OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with M = 3 (three chips) , where a first chip may be associated with a high voltage, and a second chip and a third chip may be associated with a low voltage. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with a clock acquisition. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with M = 4 (four chips) , where a first chip may be associated with a high voltage, a second chip may be associated with a low voltage, a third chip may be associated with a high voltage, and a fourth chip may be associated with a low voltage. The clock acquisition may start from an OFDM symbol left side. In other words, the clock acquisition may start at a start of an OFDM symbol (for example, OFDM symbol 2) . A CP of the clock acquisition may have no influence on a PRDCH decoding, which may be based at least in part on an M value associated with the clock acquisition being relatively small. The first part of the PRDCH transmission (for example, PRDCH control) may have the same chip length as the clock acquisition (for example, M = 4) . A chip length of the first part of the PRDCH transmission may be implicitly indicated based at least in part on a chip length of the clock acquisition. The first part of the PRDCH transmission may indicate an M value (for example, M = 24) associated with the second part of the PRDCH transmission via one or more bits. As a result, a relatively high data rate OOK (for example, M = 24) may be supported for the PRDCH data without the CP of the clock acquisition having an influence on the PRDCH decoding.
[0113] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0114] In some aspects, a clock acquisition may be supported that spans until a right edge of an OFDM symbol. The clock acquisition that spans until the right edge of the OFDM symbol may be suitable for a clock acquisition with a relatively large M value (for example, M = 24) , where the clock acquisition may start from a middle of the OFDM symbol.
[0115] In a first operation 1002, a clock acquisition may start in the middle of the OFDM symbol, and the clock acquisition may also end in the middle of the OFDM symbol (for example, the clock acquisition does not span until a right edge of the OFDM symbol) . In this example, a PRDCH decoding may occur at the right edge of the OFDM symbol, and due to a relatively high M value, a CP may cause a PRDCH decoding error.
[0116] In a second operation 1004, a clock acquisition may start in the middle of the OFDM symbol, and the clock acquisition may span to the right edge of the OFDM symbol. In this example, a PRDCH decoding may not occur in the same OFDM symbol, and a CP may not cause a PRDCH decoding error.
[0117] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example 1100 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0118] In some aspects, a clock acquisition may be supported that spans until a right edge of an OFDM symbol. The clock acquisition that spans until the right edge of the OFDM symbol may be suitable for a clock acquisition with a relatively small M value (for example, M = 8) , where the clock acquisition may start from a left edge of the OFDM symbol.
[0119] In a first operation 1102, a clock acquisition may start from the left edge of the OFDM symbol, and the clock acquisition may end in a middle of the OFDM symbol (for example, the clock acquisition does not span until a right edge of the OFDM symbol) . In this example, a PRDCH decoding may occur at the right edge of the OFDM symbol, and due to a relatively small M value, a CP may be associated with an unfavorable high voltage.
[0120] In a second operation 1104, a clock acquisition may start from the left edge of the OFDM symbol, and the clock acquisition may span to the right edge of the OFDM symbol. In this example, a PRDCH decoding may not occur in the same OFDM symbol, and due to a relatively small M value, a CP may be associated with a favorable low voltage.
[0121] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example 1200 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0122] In some aspects, a clock acquisition with a line coding violation may be supported, which may be used to support a relatively large M clock acquisition. The clock acquisition with the line coding violation may be suitable when an M value associated with the clock acquisition is relatively large. For example, when M is greater than or equal to X, the clock acquisition may end with the line coding violation.
[0123] As shown in Figure 12, OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with a start indicator. OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with M = 3 (three chips) , where a first chip may be associated with a high voltage, and a second chip and a third chip may be associated with a low voltage. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with a clock acquisition. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with M = 24 (24 chips) , where a first chip may be associated with a high voltage, a second chip may be associated with a low voltage, and so on. In this example, the clock acquisition may end with a line coding violation, which may cause the clock acquisition to end with a low voltage. Since the clock acquisition ends with the low voltage, a CP for OFDM symbol 2 may not influence a clock calibration performance (for example, the CP is not associated with a high voltage, which may influence the clock calibration performance) . Since the clock acquisition ends with the low voltage, a following chip associated with a PRDCH decoding may be associated with a mandatory high voltage.
[0124] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example 1300 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0125] In some aspects, for a PRDCH data-only R2D packet (no control) , a first option, a second option, or a third option may be supported in order to support a relatively large M value. In the first option, by default, a previous M value of PRDCH data may be reused for a later PRDCH data. In the second option, a previous PRDCH (with control) may indicate a subsequent PRDCH data M value. In the third option, PRDCH data may be limited to only support a relatively small M value.
[0126] In a first operation 1302, a first R2D transmission may include a start indicator, a clock acquisition (for example, M = 4) , PRDCH control (for example, M =4) , and PRDCH data (for example, M = 24) . The PRDCH control may indicate that the PRDCH data is to be associated with M = 24 via one or more bits in the PRDCH control. A second R2D transmission may include a start indicator, a clock acquisition (for example, M = 4) , and PRDCH data (for example, M = 24) (no PRDCH control) . In this example, in the second R2D transmission, the PRDCH data may use the same M value (for example, M = 24) as the PRDCH data in the first R2D transmission.
[0127] In a second operation 1304, a first R2D transmission may include a start indicator, a clock acquisition (for example, M = 4) , PRDCH control (for example, M =4) , and PRDCH data (for example, M = 24) . The PRDCH control may indicate that the PRDCH data is to be associated with M = 24 via one or more bits in the PRDCH control. The PRDCH control may also indicate that a subsequent PRDCH data is to be associated with M = 16 via one or more bits in the PRDCH control. A second R2D transmission may include a start indicator, a clock acquisition (for example, M = 4) , and the subsequent PRDCH data (for example, M = 16) (no PRDCH control) . In this example, in the second R2D transmission, the subsequent PRDCH data may use M = 16 based at least in part on the indication in the PRDCH control of the first R2D transmission.
[0128] Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating an example 1400 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0129] In some aspects, a clock acquisition may indicate a predefined M value, rather than a dynamic M value. Different combinations of M values may be used to indicate different M values of a PRDCH (control and / or data) . An M value for the clock acquisition may be set to a relatively small value, such as 1 or 2, in order to guarantee a decoding performance of the clock acquisition.
[0130] In a first operation 1402, OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with a clock acquisition. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with M = 4 (4 chips) . OFDM symbol 2 may indicate a predefined PRDCH M value (predefined chip length for a PRDCH) via a first high-low voltage transition combination. The predefined PRDCH M value may be configured by the first high-low voltage transition combination. For example, the first high-low voltage transition combination may indicate a combination of a high voltage, a high voltage, a low voltage, and a high voltage, which may correspond to a certain predefined PRDCH M value (for example, M = 24) . The PRDCH (control and / or data) may be associated with M = 24 based at least in part on the first high-low voltage transition combination.
[0131] In a second operation 1404, OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with a clock acquisition. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with M = 4 (4 chips) . OFDM symbol 2 may indicate a predefined PRDCH M value (predefined chip length for a PRDCH) via a second high-low voltage transition combination. The predefined PRDCH M value may be configured by the second high-low voltage transition combination. For example, the second high-low voltage transition combination may indicate a combination of a high voltage, a low voltage, a low voltage, and a high voltage, which may correspond to a certain predefined PRDCH M value (for example, M = 8) . The PRDCH (control and / or data) may be associated with M = 8 based at least in part on the second high-low voltage transition combination.
[0132] Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating an example 1500 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0133] In some aspects, a clock acquisition may indicate a predefined M value, rather than a dynamic M value. Different combinations of M values may be used to indicate different M values of a PRDCH (control and / or data) . An M value for the clock acquisition may be set to a relatively small value, such as 1 or 2, in order to guarantee a decoding performance of the clock acquisition.
[0134] In a first operation 1502, OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with a clock acquisition. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with M = 4 (4 chips) . OFDM symbol 2 may indicate a predefined PRDCH M value (predefined chip length for a PRDCH) , which may be a same M value (same chip duration) as the clock acquisition. For example, when the clock acquisition is associated with M = 4, the predefined PRDCH M value may also be M = 4. As a result, the clock acquisition and a PRDCH (control and / or data) may have the same chip length.
[0135] In a second operation 1504, OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with a clock acquisition. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with M = 2 (2 chips) . OFDM symbol 2 may indicate a predefined PRDCH M value (predefined chip length for a PRDCH) , which may be a same M value (same chip duration) as the clock acquisition. For example, when the clock acquisition is associated with M = 2, the predefined PRDCH M value may also be M = 2. As a result, the clock acquisition and the PRDCH (control and / or data) may have the same chip length.
[0136] Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating an example 1600 associated with R2D transmissions supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0137] In some aspects, an on-duration may be predefined in a clock acquisition, or the on-duration may be predefined at an end of a start indicator. The on-duration may be predefined for frequency synchronization (another purpose aside from a PRDCH M value configuration) . In the on-duration, a reader may transmit a frequency synchronization signal (for example, a single tone frequency synchronization signal) . The on-duration may be an X-chip duration, which may be at a beginning, an end, or a middle of the clock acquisition. A predefined on-duration at the end of the start indicator may involve supporting a start indicator with an off-on pattern or an on-off-on pattern.
[0138] In a first operation 1602, OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with a start indicator. OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with M = 3 (3 chips) . OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with a clock acquisition. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with M = 8 (8 chips) . OFDM symbol 2 may begin with a pre-defined on-duration, which may be used for frequency synchronization. In this example, the pre-defined on-duration may be associated with a start of the clock acquisition.
[0139] In a second operation 1604, a start indicator may be associated with multiple OFDM symbols. For example, the start indicator may span OFDM symbol 1 and OFDM symbol 2. OFDM symbol 1 may be associated with a high voltage. OFDM symbol 2 may be associated with M = 3 (3 chips) , where a first chip may be associated with a low voltage, and a second chip and a third chip may be associated with a pre-defined on-duration that is useable for frequency synchronization. In this example, the pre-defined on-duration may be associated with an end of the start indicator.
[0140] Figure 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 1700 performed, for example, at a first device or an apparatus of a first device that supports R2D transmissions with separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1700 is an example where the apparatus or the first device (for example, network node 110 or UE 120) performs operations associated with R2D transmissions with separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols.
[0141] As shown in Figure 17, in some aspects, process 1700 may include transmitting, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols (block 1710) . For example, the first device (such as by using communication manager 1906 or transmission component 1904, depicted in Figure 19) may transmit, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, as described above.
[0142] As further shown in Figure 17, in some aspects, process 1700 may include receiving, from the second device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission (block 1720) . For example, the first device (such as by using communication manager 1906 or reception component 1902, depicted in Figure 19) may receive, from the second device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission, as described above.
[0143] Process 1700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0144] In a first additional aspect, the PRDCH transmission that includes the multiple parts includes PRDCH control information and PRDCH data.
[0145] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the PRDCH control information supports a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol that is less than or equal to a chip value, the chip value is included in a set of chip values for one OFDM symbol, and the PRDCH data supports the set of chip values for one OFDM symbol.
[0146] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the PRDCH control information supports a first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol and the PRDCH data supports a second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol, and the first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is less than or equal to the second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.
[0147] In a fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, or the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a ratio of a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH control information and a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH data.
[0148] In a fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the clock acquisition and the PRDCH control information support a same quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.
[0149] In a sixth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the clock acquisition starts at a middle of a OFDM symbol and spans to an end of the OFDM symbol, or the clock acquisition starts at a beginning of the OFDM symbol and spans to the end of the OFDM symbol, wherein the clock acquisition starts at the middle of the OFDM symbol or at the beginning of the OFDM symbol based at least in part on a quantity of chips in the OFDM symbol.
[0150] In a seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the clock acquisition is associated with a line coding violation, and the clock acquisition ends with the line coding violation in response to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol being greater than or equal to a chip value.
[0151] In an eighth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is to be reused for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.
[0152] In a ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol to be used for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.
[0153] In a tenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the clock acquisition is associated with a high-low voltage combination, and the high-low voltage combination corresponds to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH control information or the PRDCH data.
[0154] In an eleventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH control information, or the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH data.
[0155] In a twelfth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, a predefined on-duration is associated with the start indicator or the clock acquisition, the predefined on-duration is associated with a frequency synchronization, the predefined on-duration is associated with a beginning, a middle, or an end of the clock acquisition, or the predefined on-duration is associated with an end of the start indicator.
[0156] In a thirteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, a chip in one OFDM symbol is a time domain unit, wherein the chip is on or off, wherein a chip that is on is associated with an RF on or a high voltage, and wherein a chip that is off is associated with an RF off or a low voltage.
[0157] In a fourteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the first device is a network node or a UE, wherein the first device is a reader, and the second device is an A-IoT device.
[0158] Although Figure 17 shows example blocks of process 1700, in some aspects, process 1700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Figure 17. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1700 may be performed in parallel.
[0159] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 1800 performed, for example, at a second device or an apparatus of a second device that supports R2D transmissions with separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1800 is an example where the apparatus or the second device (for example, A-IoT device 122) performs operations associated with R2D transmissions with separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols.
[0160] As shown in Figure 18, in some aspects, process 1800 may include receiving, from a first device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols (block 1810) . For example, the second device (such as by using communication manager 2006 or reception component 2002, depicted in Figure 20) may receive, from a first device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, as described above.
[0161] As further shown in Figure 18, in some aspects, process 1800 may include transmitting, to the first device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission (block 1820) . For example, the second device (such as by using communication manager 2006 or transmission component 2004, depicted in Figure 20) may transmit, to the first device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission, as described above.
[0162] Process 1800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0163] In a first additional aspect, the PRDCH transmission that includes the multiple parts includes PRDCH control information and PRDCH data.
[0164] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the PRDCH control information supports a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol that is less than or equal to a chip value, and the chip value is included in a set of chip values for one OFDM symbol, and the PRDCH data supports the set of chip values for one OFDM symbol.
[0165] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the PRDCH control information supports a first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol and the PRDCH data supports a second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol, and the first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is less than or equal to the second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.
[0166] In a fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, or the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a ratio of a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH control information and a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH data.
[0167] In a fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the clock acquisition and the PRDCH control information support a same quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.
[0168] In a sixth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the clock acquisition starts at a middle of a OFDM symbol and spans to an end of the OFDM symbol, or the clock acquisition starts at a beginning of the OFDM symbol and spans to the end of the OFDM symbol, wherein the clock acquisition starts at the middle of the OFDM symbol or at the beginning of the OFDM symbol based at least in part on a quantity of chips in the OFDM symbol.
[0169] In a seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the clock acquisition is associated with a line coding violation, and the clock acquisition ends with the line coding violation in response to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol being greater than or equal to a chip value.
[0170] In an eighth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is to be reused for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.
[0171] In a ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol to be used for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.
[0172] In a tenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the clock acquisition is associated with a high-low voltage combination, and the high-low voltage combination corresponds to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH control information or the PRDCH data.
[0173] In an eleventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH control information, or the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH data.
[0174] In a twelfth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, a predefined on-duration is associated with the start indicator or the clock acquisition, the predefined on-duration is associated with a frequency synchronization, the predefined on-duration is associated with a beginning, a middle, or an end of the clock acquisition, or the predefined on-duration is associated with an end of the start indicator.
[0175] In a thirteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, a chip in one OFDM symbol is a time domain unit, wherein the chip is on or off, wherein a chip that is on is associated with an RF on or a high voltage, and wherein a chip that is off is associated with an RF off or a low voltage.
[0176] In a fourteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the first device is a network node or a UE, wherein the first device is a reader, and the second device is an A-IoT device.
[0177] Although Figure 18 shows example blocks of process 1800, in some aspects, process 1800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Figure 18. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1800 may be performed in parallel.
[0178] Figure 19 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1900 for wireless communication that supports R2D transmissions with separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1900 may be a first device, or a first device may include the apparatus 1900. In some aspects, the apparatus 1900 includes a reception component 1902, a transmission component 1904, and a communication manager 1906, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses) . As shown, the apparatus 1900 may communicate with another apparatus 1908 (such as a UE 120, a network node 110, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component 1902 and the transmission component 1904. The communication manager 1906 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 140 or the processing system 145) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1906 is the communication manager 150 or the communication manager 155.
[0179] In some aspects, the apparatus 1900 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figures 7-16. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1900 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1700 of Figure 17.
[0180] The reception component 1902 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, from the apparatus 1908. The reception component 1902 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1900, such as the communication manager 1906. In some aspects, the reception component 1902 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components in a similar manner as described above in connection with Figure 1. In some aspects, the reception component 1902 may include one or more components of the first device described above in connection with Figure 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the first device.
[0181] The transmission component 1904 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, to the apparatus 1900. In some aspects, the communication manager 1906 may generate communications and may transmit the generated communications to the transmission component 1904 for transmission to the apparatus 1908. In some aspects, the transmission component 1904 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1908 in a similar manner as described above in connection with Figure 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 1904 may include one or more components of the first device described above in connection with Figure 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the first device. In some aspects, the transmission component 1904 may be co-located with the reception component 1902.
[0182] The communication manager 1906 may transmit or may cause the transmission component 1904 to transmit, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols. The communication manager 1906 may receive or may cause the reception component 1902 to receive, from the second device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission. In some aspects, the communication manager 1906 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 1906.
[0183] In some aspects, the communication manager 1906 includes a set of components. Alternatively, the set of components may be separate and distinct from the communication manager 1906. As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. In some aspects, one or more components of the set of components may include or may be implemented within a processing system (for example, the processing system 140 or the processing system 145) . Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories (for example, the memory described with reference to Figure 1) . For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by the processing system to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0184] The transmission component 1904 may transmit, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols. The reception component 1902 may receive, from the second device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0185] The quantity and arrangement of components shown in Figure 19 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Figure 19. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 19 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 19 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 19 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 19.
[0186] Figure 20 is a diagram of an example apparatus 2000 for wireless communication that supports R2D transmissions with separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 2000 may be a second device, or a second device may include the apparatus 2000. In some aspects, the apparatus 2000 includes a reception component 2002, a transmission component 2004, and a communication manager 2006, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses) . As shown, the apparatus 2000 may communicate with another apparatus 2008 (such as a UE 120, a network node 110, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component 2002 and the transmission component 2004. The communication manager 2006 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system. In some aspects, the communication manager 2006 is the communication manager 160.
[0187] In some aspects, the apparatus 2000 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figures 7-16. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 2000 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1800 of Figure 18.
[0188] The reception component 2002 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, from the apparatus 2008. The reception component 2002 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 2000, such as the communication manager 2006. In some aspects, the reception component 2002 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components in a similar manner as described above in connection with Figure 1. In some aspects, the reception component 2002 may include one or more components of the second device described above in connection with Figure 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the second device.
[0189] The transmission component 2004 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, to the apparatus 2000. In some aspects, the communication manager 2006 may generate communications and may transmit the generated communications to the transmission component 2004 for transmission to the apparatus 2008. In some aspects, the transmission component 2004 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 2008 in a similar manner as described above in connection with Figure 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 2004 may include one or more components of the second device described above in connection with Figure 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the second device. In some aspects, the transmission component 2004 may be co-located with the reception component 2002.
[0190] The communication manager 2006 may transmit or may cause the transmission component 2004 to transmit, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols. The communication manager 2006 may receive or may cause the reception component 2002 to receive, from the second device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission. In some aspects, the communication manager 2006 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 2006.
[0191] In some aspects, the communication manager 2006 includes a set of components. Alternatively, the set of components may be separate and distinct from the communication manager 2006. As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. In some aspects, one or more components of the set of components may include or may be implemented within a processing system. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories (for example, the memory described with reference to Figure 1) . For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by the processing system to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0192] The transmission component 2004 may transmit, to a second device, an R2D transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a PRDCH transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols. The reception component 2002 may receive, from the second device, a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0193] The quantity and arrangement of components shown in Figure 20 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Figure 20. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 20 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 20 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 20 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 20.
[0194] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0195] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed at a first device, comprising: transmitting, to a second device, a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and receiving, from the second device, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0196] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the PRDCH transmission that includes the multiple parts includes PRDCH control information and PRDCH data.
[0197] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein: the PRDCH control information supports a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol that is less than or equal to a chip value, and wherein the chip value is included in a set of chip values for one OFDM symbol; and the PRDCH data supports the set of chip values for one OFDM symbol.
[0198] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the PRDCH control information supports a first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol and the PRDCH data supports a second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol, and wherein the first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is less than or equal to the second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.
[0199] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, or wherein the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a ratio of a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH control information and a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH data.
[0200] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH control information support a same quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.
[0201] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein: the clock acquisition starts at a middle of a OFDM symbol and spans to an end of the OFDM symbol; or the clock acquisition starts at a beginning of the OFDM symbol and spans to the end of the OFDM symbol, wherein the clock acquisition starts at the middle of the OFDM symbol or at the beginning of the OFDM symbol based at least in part on a quantity of chips in the OFDM symbol.
[0202] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a line coding violation, and wherein the clock acquisition ends with the line coding violation in response to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol being greater than or equal to a chip value.
[0203] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is to be reused for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and wherein the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.
[0204] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol to be used for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and wherein the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.
[0205] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a high-low voltage combination, and wherein the high-low voltage combination corresponds to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH control information or the PRDCH data.
[0206] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH control information, or wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH data.
[0207] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein: a predefined on-duration is associated with the start indicator or the clock acquisition; the predefined on-duration is associated with a frequency synchronization; the predefined on-duration is associated with a beginning, a middle, or an end of the clock acquisition; or the predefined on-duration is associated with an end of the start indicator.
[0208] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein a chip in one OFDM symbol is a time domain unit, wherein the chip is on or off, wherein a chip that is on is associated with a radio frequency (RF) on or a high voltage, and wherein a chip that is off is associated with an RF off or a low voltage.
[0209] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the first device is a network node or a user equipment (UE) , wherein the first device is a reader, and wherein the second device is an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device.
[0210] Aspect 16: A method of wireless communication performed at a second device, comprising: receiving, from a first device, a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; and transmitting, to the first device, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
[0211] Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 16, wherein the PRDCH transmission that includes the multiple parts includes PRDCH control information and PRDCH data.
[0212] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 16-17, wherein: the PRDCH control information supports a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol that is less than or equal to a chip value, and wherein the chip value is included in a set of chip values for one OFDM symbol; and the PRDCH data supports the set of chip values for one OFDM symbol.
[0213] Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 16-18, wherein the PRDCH control information supports a first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol and the PRDCH data supports a second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol, and wherein the first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is less than or equal to the second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.
[0214] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 16-19, wherein the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, or wherein the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a ratio of a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH control information and a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH data.
[0215] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 16-20, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH control information support a same quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.
[0216] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 16-21, wherein: the clock acquisition starts at a middle of a OFDM symbol and spans to an end of the OFDM symbol; or the clock acquisition starts at a beginning of the OFDM symbol and spans to the end of the OFDM symbol, wherein the clock acquisition starts at the middle of the OFDM symbol or at the beginning of the OFDM symbol based at least in part on a quantity of chips in the OFDM symbol.
[0217] Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 16-22, wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a line coding violation, and wherein the clock acquisition ends with the line coding violation in response to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol being greater than or equal to a chip value.
[0218] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 16-23, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is to be reused for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and wherein the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.
[0219] Aspect 25: The method of any of Aspects 16-24, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol to be used for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and wherein the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.
[0220] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 16-25, wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a high-low voltage combination, and wherein the high-low voltage combination corresponds to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH control information or the PRDCH data.
[0221] Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 16-26, wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH control information, or wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH data.
[0222] Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 16-27, wherein: a predefined on-duration is associated with the start indicator or the clock acquisition; the predefined on-duration is associated with a frequency synchronization; the predefined on-duration is associated with a beginning, a middle, or an end of the clock acquisition; or the predefined on-duration is associated with an end of the start indicator.
[0223] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 16-28, wherein a chip in one OFDM symbol is a time domain unit, wherein the chip is on or off, wherein a chip that is on is associated with a radio frequency (RF) on or a high voltage, and wherein a chip that is off is associated with an RF off or a low voltage.
[0224] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 16-29, wherein the first device is a network node or a user equipment (UE) , wherein the first device is a reader, and wherein the second device is an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device.
[0225] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.
[0226] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.
[0227] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.
[0228] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.
[0229] Aspect 35: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.
[0230] Aspect 36: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.
[0231] Aspect 37: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.
[0232] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects. No element, act, or instruction described herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such.
[0233] It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0234] As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to refer to one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” or “at least one. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or “a single one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” “comprise, ” “comprising, ” “include” and “including, ” and derivatives thereof or similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0235] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, estimating, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , searching, inferring, ascertaining, and / or measuring, among other possibilities. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information) , accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory) or transmitting (such as transmitting information) , among other possibilities. Additionally, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing, and / or other such similar actions.
[0236] As used herein, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based at least in part on” or “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0237] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the scope of all aspects described herein. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a first device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories, at least one processor of the one or more processors configured to cause the first device to:transmit, to a second device, a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; andreceive, from the second device, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission in response to the R2D transmission.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the PRDCH transmission that includes the multiple parts includes PRDCH control information and PRDCH data.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:the PRDCH control information supports a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol that is less than or equal to a chip value, and wherein the chip value is included in a set of chip values for one OFDM symbol; andthe PRDCH data supports the set of chip values for one OFDM symbol.4.The method of claim 2, wherein the PRDCH control information supports a first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol and the PRDCH data supports a second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol, and wherein the first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is less than or equal to the second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.5.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, or wherein the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a ratio of a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH control information and a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH data.6.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH control information support a same quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the clock acquisition starts at a middle of a OFDM symbol and spans to an end of the OFDM symbol; orthe clock acquisition starts at a beginning of the OFDM symbol and spans to the end of the OFDM symbol,wherein the clock acquisition starts at the middle of the OFDM symbol or at the beginning of the OFDM symbol based at least in part on a quantity of chips in the OFDM symbol.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a line coding violation, and wherein the clock acquisition ends with the line coding violation in response to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol being greater than or equal to a chip value.9.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is to be reused for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and wherein the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.10.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, wherein the PRDCH control information indicates a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol to be used for PRDCH data in a subsequent R2D transmission, and wherein the subsequent R2D transmission excludes PRDCH control information.11.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a high-low voltage combination, and wherein the high-low voltage combination corresponds to a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH control information or the PRDCH data.12.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH control information, or wherein the clock acquisition is associated with a same predefined quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol as the PRDCH data.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:a predefined on-duration is associated with the start indicator or the clock acquisition;the predefined on-duration is associated with a frequency synchronization;the predefined on-duration is associated with a beginning, a middle, or an end of the clock acquisition; orthe predefined on-duration is associated with an end of the start indicator.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a chip in one OFDM symbol is a time domain unit, wherein the chip is on or off, wherein a chip that is on is associated with a radio frequency (RF) on or a high voltage, and wherein a chip that is off is associated with an RF off or a low voltage.15.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network node or a user equipment (UE) , wherein the first device is a reader, and wherein the second device is an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device.16.An apparatus for wireless communication at a second device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories, at least one processor of the one or more processors configured to cause the second device to:receive, from a first device, a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; andtransmit, to the first device, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission in response to the R2D transmission.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein:the PRDCH transmission that includes the multiple parts includes PRDCH control information and PRDCH data;the PRDCH control information supports a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol that is less than or equal to a chip value, and wherein the chip value is included in a set of chip values for one OFDM symbol; andthe PRDCH data supports the set of chip values for one OFDM symbol.18.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the PRDCH transmission that includes the multiple parts includes PRDCH control information and PRDCH data, wherein the PRDCH control information supports a first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol and the PRDCH data supports a second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol, and wherein the first quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol is less than or equal to the second quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol.19.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the PRDCH transmission that includes the multiple parts includes PRDCH control information and PRDCH data, and wherein the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol for the PRDCH data, or the PRDCH control information includes one or more information bits to indicate a ratio of a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH control information and a quantity of chips in one OFDM symbol supported by the PRDCH data.20.A method of wireless communication performed at a first device, comprising:transmitting, to a second device, a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission that is associated with a start indicator, a clock acquisition, and a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) transmission, wherein the clock acquisition and the PRDCH transmission support separate quantities of chips in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, or the PRDCH transmission includes multiple parts supporting separate quantities of chips in OFDM symbols; andreceiving, from the second device, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission in response to the R2D transmission.
Citation Information
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Information sending method and device, information obtaining method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium
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Data transmission methods and apparatuses, communication devices and communication system
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