Salt marsh vegetation restoration method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration. Disclosed is a salt marsh vegetation restoration method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing an assisting planting structure, the assisting planting structure comprising three-dimensional components which are arranged in an array and connected, the bottom portions of the three-dimensional components being provided with inner recesses, and the peripheries of the three-dimensional components being provided with hollowed-out holes; formulating a layout solution, wherein if an aboveground layout mode is used, the assisting planting structure needs to be placed on the surface layer of a sediment, and if an aboveground and underground combined layout mode is used, a plurality of layers of the assisting planting structure need to be divided into an aboveground part and an underground part for combination, the underground part needs to be buried in the sediment, and the aboveground part needs to be placed on the surface layer of the sediment; and implementing assisted planting technology: if seeds are used, performing sowing during the layout process of the assisting planting structure, and if seedlings are used, removing part of the three-dimensional components to form transplanting holes, and then transplanting the seedlings. The present method can stabilize substrates, mitigate hydrodynamic force, promote early establishment of salt mash seedlings, and reduce grazing and damage by benthic animals.

Description

Salt marsh vegetation restoration method TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a salt marsh vegetation restoration method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Salt marsh vegetation is an important primary producer of coastal wetland ecosystems, and has important significance in beach protection, carbon storage and biodiversity maintenance. Under the influence of environmental disturbances such as tidal flat hydrodynamics, there is a prominent problem of low survival rate in salt marsh vegetation restoration. At present, measures such as increasing plant planting density, large patch planting and auxiliary seeding are mainly used to improve the efficiency of salt marsh vegetation restoration. However, the methods of increasing plant planting density and large patch planting have high labor costs, and the restoration effect is not ideal under strong hydrodynamic conditions. In addition, in areas rich in benthic animals, there is a lack of effective methods to prevent and control the grazing and destruction of benthic animals, often leading to difficulty in maintaining the restoration effect. TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to solve the above technical problems, and to provide a salt marsh vegetation restoration method which can stabilize the substrate, slow down the water dynamics, promote early planting of salt marsh seedlings, reduce grazing and destruction of benthic animals, improve the restoration efficiency of seeds or seedlings under strong hydrodynamic conditions, and reduce the risk of difficulty in maintaining the restoration effect caused by grazing and destruction of benthic animals. It is a salt marsh restoration technology that relies on artificial restoration and natural restoration. TECHNICAL SOLUTION

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following scheme: the present application discloses a salt marsh vegetation restoration method, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Preparing an auxiliary planting structure: the auxiliary planting structure comprises three-dimensional members arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional member is provided with an inner groove extending to the top thereof, the periphery of the three-dimensional member is provided with a hollow hole communicating with the inner groove, and the bottom of the three-dimensional member faces downward during use;

[0006] determining the aboveground layout or the aboveground and underground combined layout according to the actual habitat condition of the salt marsh restoration area; if the aboveground layout is adopted, the single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is placed on the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is stacked and connected together; if the aboveground and underground combined layout is adopted, the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is divided into an aboveground part and an underground part, the underground part includes the single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure which needs to be buried in the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is stacked and connected together, and the aboveground part includes the single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure which needs to be placed on the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is stacked and connected together; the auxiliary planting technology is implemented: the salt marsh plant restoration material is selected to be seeds or seedlings; if the salt marsh plant restoration material is seeds, the seeds are sown in the salt marsh restoration area during the layout of the auxiliary planting structure; if the salt marsh plant restoration material is seedlings, part of the three-dimensional members are removed from the auxiliary planting structure to form transplanting holes, and the seedlings are transplanted into the transplanting holes.

[0007] Preferably, in the step of determining the layout scheme, the layout scheme is determined according to the area, water dynamics, benthic animal richness and plant species of the salt marsh restoration area.

[0008] According to the area of the salt marsh restoration area: 1-4 single-layer or multi-layer combined auxiliary structures are laid out in each 2m×2m restoration area, and each layer of the auxiliary planting structure is spliced individually or in multiple layers as needed.

[0009] According to the water dynamics of the salt marsh restoration area: if the water flow in the salt marsh restoration area is gentle and the erosion is not serious, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure is laid out; if the water flow in the salt marsh restoration area is turbulent and the erosion is serious, a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is laid out.

[0010] According to the benthic animal richness of the salt marsh restoration area: if the benthic animal richness in the salt marsh restoration area is low and the predation pressure is small, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure is laid out; if the benthic animal richness in the salt marsh restoration area is high and the predation pressure is large, a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is laid out.

[0011] According to the plant species: when seedlings are used, for plant species with weak and small leaves, the number of layers of the auxiliary planting structure in the aboveground part is increased; for plant species with spreading and wide leaves, the auxiliary planting structure in the aboveground part does not exceed three layers; when seeds are used, the number of layers of the auxiliary planting structure in the aboveground part does not exceed two layers.

[0012] Preferably, the seeds are of a species with high yield and high seed germination rate, and the seedlings are of a species with strong asexual tillering ability.

[0013] Preferably, the seed or seedling is selected according to the ease of acquisition and cost.

[0014] Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0015] Preparation of salt marsh plant restoration material: if seedlings are used, in spring from April to May, when the height of the seedlings is more than 10 cm, use a spade or a sampler to collect salt marsh plant soil column samples with a size of not less than 10 cm x 10 cm and a depth of not less than 15 cm from a salt marsh community growing well in a coastal wetland, and then transport them to the restoration site for planting; if seeds are used, collect plant seeds growing well in a coastal wetland in autumn from September to November, dry and store the seeds, and at least 30-50 days in advance, perform seed vernalization treatment on the seeds in an artificial climate box, and store the treated seeds in a humid environment or mix them with humid sand and transport them to the salt marsh restoration area.

[0016] Preferably, in the step of implementing the auxiliary planting technique:

[0017] In spring from April to May, when the average daily temperature reaches 15°C, perform seed sowing or seedling transplanting.

[0018] Preferably, in the step of implementing the auxiliary planting technique:

[0019] When seedling transplanting is used, if the above-and-under combined arrangement method is used, first dig a pit in the surface layer of sediments in the salt marsh restoration area according to the size of the auxiliary planting structure layer to be buried underground, bury the underground part of the auxiliary planting structure in the pit, then plant the plant seedlings to be transplanted into the transplanting hole, and then place and connect the aboveground part of the auxiliary planting structure layer layer by layer, ensuring the firmness of the connection and avoiding damage to the plants; if the aboveground arrangement method is used, directly transplant the seedlings into the sediments, then put the seedlings into the transplanting hole of the auxiliary planting structure, and then place and connect the aboveground part of the auxiliary planting structure layer layer by layer.

[0020] When seed sowing is used, the above-and-under combined arrangement method is used, first dig a pit in the surface layer of sediments in the salt marsh restoration area according to the size of the auxiliary planting structure layer to be buried underground, bury the underground part of the auxiliary planting structure in the pit, then evenly spread the vernalized seeds on the surface layer of sediments in the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and dig nearby sediments for shallow burial to cover the seeds, and then place and connect the aboveground part of the auxiliary planting structure layer layer by layer; if the aboveground arrangement method is used, evenly spread the vernalized seeds on the surface layer of sediments in the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and dig nearby sediments for shallow burial to cover the seeds, and then place and connect the aboveground part of the auxiliary planting structure layer layer by layer.

[0021] Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: monitoring of repair effect and reseeding:

[0022] After the auxiliary planting technology is implemented, the survival rate, plant height and coverage of the transplanted seedlings or the emergence rate, survival rate, plant height and coverage after sowing are monitored every week, and after one month, if the survival rate is more than 80%, the density reaches 100 plants / m 2 , and the plant density, height and coverage indexes show an upward trend with the extension of recovery time, it is determined that the salt marsh vegetation recovery planting method is completed.

[0023] Preferably, the auxiliary planting structure is made of degradable material.

[0024] Preferably, when anchoring, a bamboo pole, a U-shaped nail or an anchor rod is used to penetrate the single-layer auxiliary planting structure or the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure from top to bottom to be fixed on the salt marsh recovery area. Beneficial effects

[0025] The present application has the following technical effects relative to the prior art:

[0026] The salt marsh vegetation recovery planting method of the present application is used in a salt marsh recovery area, can stabilize the substrate, slow down the water power, promote the early planting of salt marsh seedlings, reduce the grazing of benthic animals, can improve the survival rate of salt marsh recovery under strong water power conditions, and the auxiliary planting structure will degrade in the natural environment and will not have any adverse effects on the environment. A small amount of salt marsh plants successfully planted by the auxiliary planting structure can realize large-scale natural recovery by means of the population's own reproduction and recovery capacity, greatly reducing the manpower and material resources for recovery, and is a salt marsh recovery technology with artificial recovery as an auxiliary and natural recovery as the main method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0028] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0029] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0030] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the three-dimensional component (hexagonal single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0031] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0032] Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal monomer structure) with the transplanting hole 8 in the embodiment;

[0033] Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (semicircular monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0034] Fig. 7 is a top structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (semicircular monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0035] Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structural member (semicircular monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0036] Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the double-layer auxiliary planting structure (semicircular monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0037] Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (semicircular monomer structure) with the transplanting hole 8 in the embodiment;

[0038] Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the test area position in the embodiment;

[0039] Fig. 12 is a test site diagram of the strong water power area (area A) in the embodiment;

[0040] Fig. 13 is a test site diagram of the strong predation pressure area (area B) in the embodiment.

[0041] Legend: 1, three-dimensional structural member; 2, female buckle; 3, male buckle; 4, hollow hole; 5, inclined support leg; 6, arc support leg; 7, connecting rod; 8, transplanting hole. Embodiment of the present application

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] The present embodiment provides a salt marsh vegetation restoration method, as shown in Figs. 1 to 13, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Prepare the auxiliary planting structure: the auxiliary planting structure comprises three-dimensional structural members 1 arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional structural member 1 is provided with an inner groove extending to the top thereof, the periphery of the three-dimensional structural member 1 is provided with a hollow hole 4 communicating with the inner groove, and the bottom of the three-dimensional structural member 1 faces downward in use;

[0046] Making layout scheme: according to the actual situation of the salt marsh restoration area to determine the use of ground layout or ground and underground combined layout method; If using ground layout method, the single-layer auxiliary planting structure or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is placed above the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked and connected together, and can be connected by buckle connection or other connecting piece connection method; If using ground and underground combined layout method, the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is divided into an above-ground part and an underground part, the underground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure that needs to be buried in the sediment of the salt marsh restoration area, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked and connected together, and the above-ground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure that needs to be placed above the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked and connected together;

[0047] Auxiliary planting technology implementation: the salt marsh plant restoration material is selected from seeds or seedlings, if the salt marsh plant restoration material is seeds, the seeds are sown in the salt marsh restoration area during the auxiliary planting structure layout process, if the salt marsh plant restoration material is seedlings, part of the three-dimensional members 1 is removed to form a transplanting hole 8, and the seedlings are transplanted in the salt marsh restoration area through the transplanting hole 8. The diameter of the transplanting hole 8 is recommended to be 10-15 cm, which can also be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0048] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, in the step of making layout scheme, the layout scheme is made according to the area, water power, benthic animal richness and plant species of the salt marsh restoration area:

[0049] According to the area of the salt marsh restoration area: 1-4 single-layer or multi-layer combined auxiliary structures are laid in each 2m*2m restoration area, and each layer of auxiliary planting structure is spliced individually or in multiple according to needs;

[0050] According to the water power of the salt marsh restoration area: if the water flow of the salt marsh restoration area is gentle and the erosion is not serious, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure is selected for layout; if the water flow of the salt marsh restoration area is turbulent and the erosion is serious, a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is selected for layout;

[0051] According to the abundance of benthic animals in the salt marsh restoration area: if the abundance of benthic animals in the salt marsh restoration area is low and the predation pressure is small, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure is selected to be buried in the sediment; if the abundance of benthic animals in the salt marsh restoration area is high and the predation pressure is large, a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is selected, and the combination of underground and aboveground auxiliary planting structures is used to reduce the degree of grazing and damage of benthic animals to the stems and leaves and roots of salt marsh seedlings. It should be noted that in the actual restoration process, the underground and aboveground structures can be combined in multiple layers according to the actual habitat conditions, restoration plant species, structure effect, and restoration goals, etc., to determine the layout scheme of the auxiliary planting structure above and below ground. It is usually recommended to use the structure to splice an area of about 1 square meter.

[0052] According to the plant species: for plants with weak and small leaves, the number of layers of the aboveground auxiliary planting structure can be increased; for plants with wide and spreading leaves, the number of layers of the aboveground auxiliary planting structure should not exceed three, which is beneficial to the growth and expansion of stems and leaves; for seeds, the number of layers of the aboveground auxiliary planting structure should not exceed two, which is beneficial to reducing the shading of the structure to light, thereby improving the emergence rate and survival rate.

[0053] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the seeding method uses species with high seed yield and high germination rate, and the seedling transplanting method uses species with strong asexual tillering ability. The plant, corm, or seedling can be used as early restoration material during transplanting.

[0054] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, seeds or seedlings are selected according to ease of acquisition and cost.

[0055] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the method further includes the following steps:

[0056] Preparing salt marsh plant restoration materials: if seedlings are used, in spring from April to May, when the height of the seedlings exceeds 10 cm, use a spade or a sampler to collect salt marsh plant soil column samples with a size of not less than 10 cm x 10 cm and a depth of not less than 15 cm from the well-grown salt marsh community in the coastal wetland, and then transport the samples to the restoration site for planting; if seeds are used, collect well-grown plant seeds in the coastal wetland in autumn from September to November, dry and store the seeds, and at least 30-50 days in advance, perform seed vernalization treatment on the seeds in an artificial climate box. The treated seeds are stored in a humid state or mixed with humid sand in a transport box and then transported to the salt marsh restoration area.

[0057] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, in the auxiliary planting technology implementation step:

[0058] In spring from April to May, when the daily average temperature reaches 15°C, seed sowing or seedling transplanting is performed.

[0059] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the following steps are implemented in the auxiliary planting technology implementation step:

[0060] When the seedling transplanting method is used, if the above-and-under combined arrangement method is used, first, according to the size of the auxiliary planting structure layer to be buried underground, a pit is dug in the sediment surface layer of the salt marsh restoration area, the underground part of the auxiliary planting structure is buried in the pit, then the plant seedlings to be transplanted are planted into the transplanting hole, and then the above-ground part of the auxiliary planting structure layer is placed layer by layer and connected together, and the firmness of the connection is ensured and damage to the plants is avoided; if the above-ground arrangement method is used, the seedlings are directly transplanted into the sediment, then the seedlings are put into the transplanting hole 8 of the auxiliary planting structure, and then the above-ground part of the auxiliary planting structure layer is placed layer by layer and connected together through buckles or other connecting members.

[0061] When the seeding method is used, if the above-and-under combined arrangement method is used, first, according to the size of the auxiliary planting structure layer to be buried underground, a pit is dug in the sediment surface layer of the salt marsh restoration area, the underground part of the auxiliary planting structure is buried in the pit, then the vernalized seeds are uniformly spread on the sediment surface layer of the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and the sediment is dug nearby for shallow burial to cover the seeds, and then the above-ground part of the auxiliary planting structure layer is placed layer by layer and connected together; it is recommended that the depth of soil covering does not exceed 10 cm, and the recommended preset seeding density is 500-1000 grains / m 2 . If the above-ground arrangement method is used, the vernalized seeds are uniformly spread on the sediment surface layer of the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and the sediment is dug nearby for shallow burial to cover the seeds, it is recommended that the depth of soil covering does not exceed 10 cm, and then the above-ground part of the auxiliary planting structure is placed layer by layer and connected together through buckles or other connecting members.

[0062] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the following steps are implemented in the auxiliary planting technology implementation step:

[0063] Repair effect monitoring and reseeding:

[0064] After the auxiliary planting technology is implemented, the survival rate, plant height and coverage of the transplanted seedlings or the emergence rate, survival rate, plant height and coverage after seeding are monitored every week, and after one month, if the survival rate is more than 80%, the density reaches 100 plants / m 2 , and the plant density, height and coverage and other indicators show an upward trend with the extension of the restoration time, it is determined that the salt marsh vegetation restoration planting method is completed.

[0065] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the auxiliary custom structure is made of degradable material, which can help the salt marsh plants to achieve early planting and improve the survival rate in the initial stage of salt marsh restoration. After that, the auxiliary planting structure will degrade in the natural environment and will not have any adverse effects on the environment. A small number of salt marsh plants successfully planted by the auxiliary planting structure can achieve large-scale natural restoration by means of the population's own reproduction and restoration ability, greatly reducing the manpower and material resources for restoration. It is a salt marsh restoration technology that artificial restoration is supplemented and natural restoration is given priority. Biodegradable bio-based materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or polylactic acid (PLA) are all biodegradable, non-toxic bio-based materials.

[0066] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the anchor is used to pass through the single-layer auxiliary planting structure or the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure from top to bottom with materials such as bamboo poles, U-shaped nails, or anchor rods to firmly fix them on the salt marsh restoration area, preventing movement and loss due to hydrodynamic force and adverse weather conditions.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] The embodiment provides an auxiliary planting structure which can be used in the salt marsh vegetation restoration planting method of embodiment 1, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the auxiliary planting structure is mainly composed of three-dimensional components 1 arranged in an array and connected to each other. The bottom of each single three-dimensional component 1 is provided with an inner groove extending from the bottom to the top of the three-dimensional component 1, the three-dimensional component 1 is provided with a hollow hole 4 around the body, and the hollow hole 4 is in communication with the inner groove. The auxiliary planting structure is mainly used for salt marsh vegetation restoration, and of course can also be used for vegetation restoration in other areas. Before use, a plurality of auxiliary planting structures can be stacked together during transportation, and then disassembled and assembled after transportation to the restoration site, which can effectively prevent the auxiliary planting structure from being damaged during transportation. During use, the auxiliary planting structure can be combined differently according to the actual situation and restoration target of the size of the salt marsh restoration area, water power, etc., such as single-layer use, single-layer auxiliary planting structure including a single auxiliary planting structure or multiple auxiliary planting structures in a row, multi-layer combination use, placing and anchoring the single-layer auxiliary planting structure on the sediment layer of the salt marsh restoration area, such as multi-layer use, stacking the single-layer auxiliary planting structure up and down and connecting them together by buckles or other connecting pieces for combined use, each layer of auxiliary planting structure includes a single auxiliary planting structure or multiple auxiliary planting structures in a row, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure can be placed and anchored above the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area, or partially buried underground, partially exposed to the ground, and then anchored in the sediment of the salt marsh restoration area with bamboo poles and other environmentally friendly materials. The aboveground part can effectively slow down the water flow speed of the salt marsh restoration area, reduce the water flow scouring force, reduce the grazing and damage of the stems and leaves by benthic animals, the underground part can strengthen the stability of the soil foundation, avoid erosion of the sediment caused by excessive water flow, and prevent the roots from being damaged by benthic animals, and the multi-layer structure can enhance the protection of the plant stems and leaves. When planting, the materials are divided into seeds and seedlings, the seeds can be sown in the hollow hole 4 of the auxiliary planting structure, and if the seedlings are needed, the upper part of the three-dimensional component 1 of the auxiliary planting structure can be removed, such as cutting off with scissors or other tools, to make a transplanting hole 8 on the auxiliary planting structure, and then transplanting the seedlings in the transplanting hole 8. Generally, the diameter of the transplanting hole 8 is recommended to be 10-15 cm, but should not exceed 20 cm.

[0069] The auxiliary planting structure is based on the principle of bionics, simulates the characteristics of an aggregated plant population, and is designed and manufactured. The auxiliary planting structure can be buried in the sediment to stabilize the soil foundation and prevent benthic animals from damaging the root system. The auxiliary planting structure can be fixed above the surface of the sediment to slow down the flow and promote siltation, promote the early planting of salt marsh seedlings, reduce the grazing of seedling stems and leaves by benthic animals, and improve the survival rate. The above-ground and below-ground layout schemes of the auxiliary planting structure can be selected according to actual needs. The auxiliary planting structure focuses on helping coastal wetland salt marsh plants to achieve early planting. The auxiliary planting structure can be laid on the tidal flat to slow down the flow, promote siltation, facilitate planting, and reduce predation by animals. If the water power in the area is moderate, it is recommended to only fix the auxiliary planting structure above the ground to slow down the flow, promote siltation, and promote the early planting of salt marsh seedlings. If the water power in the area is strong and the sediment is easily eroded, it is recommended to arrange the structure above and below the ground. If the predation pressure of benthic animals in the area is large, it is recommended to arrange the structure above and below the ground to prevent benthic animals from grazing salt marsh seedling stems and leaves and damaging the root system.

[0070] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the top of the three-dimensional structure 1 is provided with a top connecting piece, and the bottom of the three-dimensional structure 1 is provided with a bottom connecting piece. The bottom connecting piece and the top connecting piece can be detachably connected to facilitate multi-layer assembly connection of multiple auxiliary planting structures. The detachable connection mode of the bottom connecting piece and the top connecting piece can adopt a buckle connection mode, such as a fixedly arranged slot of the top connecting piece and a plug of the bottom connecting piece. Alternatively, the detachable connection mode of the bottom connecting piece and the top connecting piece can adopt a lock buckle connection mode, such as a female buckle 2 of the top connecting piece and a male buckle 3 of the bottom connecting piece.

[0071] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the auxiliary planting structure can be fixed on the tidal flat by using an environmentally friendly material such as a bamboo pole with a suitable size.

[0072] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the top connecting piece and the bottom connecting piece are a female buckle 2 and a male buckle 3, respectively. That is, if the top connecting piece is a female buckle 2, the bottom connecting piece is a male buckle 3. If the top connecting piece is a male buckle 3, the bottom connecting piece is a female buckle 2. Through the snap connection mode of the female buckle 2 and the male buckle 3, the connection and assembly of multiple layers of auxiliary planting structures can be quickly realized.

[0073] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the top connecting member is a female buckle 2, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle 3. The three-dimensional component 1 is a hexagonal single body structure, which includes a plurality of diagonal support legs 5. The diagonal support legs 5 are arranged along the circumference of the female buckle 2. The top of the diagonal support leg 5 is connected to the female buckle 2. The bottom of each diagonal support leg 5 is provided with a male buckle 3. Adjacent two male buckles 3 are connected by a connecting rod 7. The plurality of diagonal support legs 5 form a hollow hole 4. All the diagonal support legs 5 surround an inner groove.

[0074] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the top connecting member is a female buckle 2, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle 3. The three-dimensional component 1 is a hexagonal single body structure, which includes a plurality of diagonal support legs 5. The diagonal support legs 5 are arranged along the circumference of the female buckle 2. The top of the diagonal support leg 5 is connected to the female buckle 2. The bottom of each diagonal support leg 5 is provided with a male buckle 3. Adjacent two male buckles 3 are connected by a connecting rod 7. The plurality of diagonal support legs 5 form a hollow hole 4. All the diagonal support legs 5 surround an inner groove.

[0075] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the array arrangement is a rectangular array (i.e., the single auxiliary planting structure is in the shape of a rectangle) or a circular array (i.e., the single auxiliary planting structure is in the shape of a circle). Typically, the array arrangement adopts a rectangular array mode for convenient side-by-side arrangement or upper and lower stacking arrangement.

[0076] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, according to the results of water tank and field experiments, when the array arrangement is a rectangular array and the three-dimensional component 1 is a hexagonal single body structure, the water flow slowing effect is 62%. When the array arrangement is a rectangular array and the three-dimensional component 1 is a semicircular single body structure, the water flow slowing effect is 50%. The hexagonal single body structure is superior to the semicircular single body structure in preventing animal predation. When the auxiliary planting structure is buried in the sediment, it can play a role in stabilizing the substrate under a flow rate of less than 0.34 m / s, preventing the root system from being uprooted, and greatly improving the planting success rate. For plant species with weak and small leaves, the number of aboveground structure layers can be appropriately increased. For plant species with expanded and wide leaves, the aboveground structure is recommended to be no more than three layers, which is beneficial to the growth and expansion of stems and leaves. When using the auxiliary seeding method, the number of aboveground structure layers is recommended to be no more than two layers, which is beneficial to reducing the shading of the structure to light, thereby improving the emergence rate and survival rate.

[0077] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the auxiliary planting structure is a degradable bio-based material component, i.e., all component materials of the auxiliary planting structure are degradable bio-based materials. The degradable bio-based materials are, for example, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or polylactic acid (PLA), all of which are biodegradable, non-toxic, and bio-based materials. In the initial stage of salt marsh restoration, the auxiliary planting structure can help salt marsh plants achieve early planting and improve survival rate, and then the auxiliary planting structure will degrade in the natural environment without any adverse effects on the environment. A small number of salt marsh plants that successfully plant through the auxiliary planting structure can achieve large-scale natural restoration through the population's own reproduction and restoration ability, greatly reducing the manpower and resources for restoration, and is a salt marsh restoration technology that relies on artificial restoration as an auxiliary and natural restoration as the main method.

[0078] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-13, the following are specific implementation cases:

[0079] In August 2024, an experiment on efficient restoration of Spartina alterniflora community using auxiliary planting structure was carried out at the natural tidal flat of Yuyukang in Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve (31°30'54"N, 121°59'13"E) and the natural tidal flat of Dongtan in Nanhui (30°54'16"N, 121°58°32"E) (FIG. 11). The following experiments were carried out: 1. Auxiliary planting experiment in strong hydrodynamic tidal flat area (Area A); 2. Auxiliary planting experiment in strong predation pressure area (Area B).

[0080] The experimental process is as follows:

[0081] (a) Collection of transplanted seedlings. Using a shovel or a sampler, collect Spartina alterniflora soil column samples with a size of 10 cm x 10 cm and a depth of not less than 15 cm from a well-grown Spartina alterniflora community in coastal wetlands for later use;

[0082] (b) Auxiliary structure preparation. Cut a 10 cm x 10 cm planting hole in the center of the hexagonal auxiliary planting structure to reserve space for the subsequent transplanted patches.

[0083] (c) Determination of experimental area. In the strong hydrodynamic area (Area A) and the area rich in benthic animals (Area B) of the Spartina alterniflora community front in the Yuyukang natural tidal flat of Chongming Dongtan, set up two experimental areas. In the Dongtan of Nanhui, set up a strong hydrodynamic test point (Area A).

[0084] (d) Implementation of auxiliary planting. In three test areas, 50cmx25cmx7cm size pits are dug; the collected Scirpus mariqueter is transplanted to the center of the pit in the form of a soil column, then two layers of auxiliary planting structure buckles are buckled firmly, and the plants are then passed through the planting hole in the center; then the two layers of structure above ground and the two layers of auxiliary structure below ground are buckled firmly, and the sediment is dug nearby to bury the two layers of auxiliary structure below ground and the roots of the transplanted seedlings in the pit, and keep the surface of the sediment around the same level; finally, four 1m long PVC pipes are inserted through the four corners of the auxiliary planting structure, and are fixed on the tidal flat.

[0085] (e) Setting up a control. In three test areas, 50cmx25cm of control tests are set up 5m away from the auxiliary planting sample.

[0086] After 30 days, the observation results are as follows:

[0087] (a) Test results in the strong water dynamic area (area A) (Figure 2): in the sample area using the auxiliary planting structure, the survival rate of the transplanted Scirpus mariqueter patch plants is >90%; while in the control sample area without using the auxiliary planting structure, the transplanted Scirpus mariqueter patch plants have been washed away by the tide, and the plant survival rate is 0%, indicating that the auxiliary planting structure greatly improves the survival rate of salt marsh transplantation.

[0088] (b) Test results in the strong predation pressure area (area B) (Figure 3): in the sample area using the auxiliary planting structure, the survival rate of the transplanted Scirpus mariqueter patch plants is >80%; while in the control sample area without using the auxiliary planting structure, most of the transplanted Scirpus mariqueter patch plants are easily damaged by bottom-dwelling animals such as crabs, and the plants have died, with a survival rate of 0%, indicating that the auxiliary planting structure can well protect the seedlings from being damaged by bottom-dwelling animals, and is conducive to improving the survival rate of salt marsh transplantation.

[0089] In summary, the auxiliary planting structure can effectively reduce the flow rate and prevent damage by bottom-dwelling animals, and can promote the planting of salt marsh plants in the field environment and improve the survival rate of salt marsh restoration.

[0090] The principles and implementation modes of the present application are described by using specific examples in the present application, and the above examples are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation mode and application range will be changed. In summary, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for restoring vegetation in a salt marsh, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: preparing an auxiliary planting structure: the auxiliary planting structure comprises three-dimensional members arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional member is provided with an inner groove extending to the top thereof, and the three-dimensional member is provided with a hollow hole in communication with the inner groove, and the bottom of the three-dimensional member faces downward in use; developing a layout scheme: determining whether to adopt an aboveground layout mode or an aboveground-underground combined layout mode according to the actual habitat of the salt marsh restoration area; if the aboveground layout mode is adopted, a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is placed on the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked and connected together; if the aboveground-underground combined layout mode is adopted, the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is divided into an aboveground part and an underground part, the underground part comprises a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure which needs to be buried in the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked and connected together, and the aboveground part comprises a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure which needs to be placed on the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, then the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked and connected together; implementing the auxiliary planting technology: selecting seeds or seedlings as the salt marsh plant restoration material; if the salt marsh plant restoration material adopts seeds, the seeds are sown in the salt marsh restoration area during the layout of the auxiliary planting structure; if the salt marsh plant restoration material adopts seedlings, part of the three-dimensional members are removed to form transplanting holes, and the seedlings are transplanted into the transplanting holes.

2. The salt marsh vegetation restoration method of claim 1, wherein In the implementation steps of developing a layout scheme: developing a layout scheme according to the area, water dynamics, benthic animal richness and plant species of the salt marsh restoration area; according to the area of the salt marsh restoration area: 1-4 single-layer or multi-layer combined auxiliary structures are arranged in each 2m×2m restoration area, and each auxiliary planting structure is 40cm×40cm×3.5cm-100cm×100cm×4cm, and each layer of the auxiliary planting structure is single or multiple according to the need; according to the water dynamics of the salt marsh restoration area: if the water flow of the salt marsh restoration area is gentle and the erosion is not serious, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure is selected; if the water flow of the salt marsh restoration area is turbulent and the erosion is serious, a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is selected, and the aboveground and underground auxiliary planting structures are combined to reduce the water flow speed and achieve slow flow; according to the benthic animal richness of the salt marsh restoration area: if the salt marsh restoration area is an area with low benthic animal richness and small predation pressure, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure is selected; if the salt marsh restoration area is an area with high benthic animal richness and large predation pressure, a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is selected. According to the plant species: when seedlings are used, for plant species with soft and small leaves, the number of layers of the auxiliary planting structure of the aboveground part is increased; for plant species with spreading and wide leaves, the number of layers of the auxiliary planting structure of the aboveground part does not exceed three, which is beneficial to the growth and expansion of stems and leaves; when seeds are used, the number of layers of the auxiliary planting structure of the aboveground part does not exceed two, which is beneficial to reducing the shading of the structure to light, thereby improving the emergence rate and survival rate.

3. The salt marsh vegetation restoration method of claim 1, wherein The seeds use species with high yield and high seed germination rate, and the seedlings use species with strong asexual tillering ability.

4. The salt marsh vegetation restoration method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized by, According to the ease of acquisition and cost, seeds or seedlings are selected.

5. The salt marsh vegetation restoration method of claim 1, wherein Further comprising the following steps: Preparing salt marsh plant restoration materials: if seedlings are used, in spring from April to May, when the height of the seedlings is more than 10 cm, the salt marsh plant soil column samples with a size of not less than 10 cm*10 cm and a depth of not less than 15 cm are collected from the salt marsh community growing well in the coastal wetland by using a spade or a sampler, and then transported to the restoration site for planting; if seeds are used, the plant seeds growing well in the coastal wetland are collected in autumn from September to November, dried and stored, and the seeds are treated for vernalization in an artificial climate box at least 30-50 days in advance, and the treated seeds are stored in a humid state or mixed with humid sand and transported to the salt marsh restoration area.

6. The salt marsh vegetation restoration method of claim 1, wherein In the auxiliary planting technology implementation step: In spring from April to May, when the daily average temperature reaches 15°C, seed sowing or seedling transplanting is performed.

7. The method of salt marsh vegetation restoration according to claim 6, wherein In the auxiliary planting technology implementation step: When the seedling transplanting method is used, if the aboveground and underground combined arrangement method is used, the auxiliary planting structure layer buried underground is first buried in the pit dug in the surface layer of sediments in the salt marsh restoration area according to the size of the area, then the plant seedlings to be transplanted are planted into the transplanting hole, and then the auxiliary planting structure layers of the aboveground part are placed and connected layer by layer; if the aboveground arrangement method is used, the seedlings are directly transplanted into the sediments, then the seedlings are sleeved into the transplanting hole of the auxiliary planting structure, and then the auxiliary planting structure layers of the aboveground part are placed and connected layer by layer. When the seed sowing method is used, if the aboveground and underground combined arrangement method is used, the auxiliary planting structure layer buried underground is first buried in the pit dug in the surface layer of sediments in the salt marsh restoration area according to the size of the area, then the vernalized seeds are uniformly spread on the surface layer of sediments in the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and the sediments are dug nearby for shallow burial to cover the seeds, and then the auxiliary planting structure layers of the aboveground part are placed and connected layer by layer; if the aboveground arrangement method is used, the vernalized seeds are uniformly spread on the surface layer of sediments in the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and the sediments are dug nearby for shallow burial to cover the seeds, and then the auxiliary planting structure of the aboveground part is placed and connected layer by layer.

8. The method of salt marsh vegetation restoration according to any one of claims 5-7, wherein, Further comprising the following steps: Repair effect monitoring and reseeding: After the auxiliary planting technique is implemented, the survival rate, plant height and coverage of the transplanted seedlings or the emergence rate, survival rate, plant height and coverage after sowing are monitored every week, and after one month, if the survival rate is more than 80%, the density reaches 100 plants / m 2 , and the plant density, height and coverage indexes show an upward trend with the extension of recovery time, the salt marsh vegetation recovery method is determined to be completed.

9. The salt marsh vegetation restoration method of claim 1, wherein, The auxiliary structure is made of degradable materials.

10. The salt marsh vegetation restoration method of claim 1, wherein When anchoring, the bamboo pole, U-shaped nail or anchor rod penetrates the single-layer auxiliary planting structure or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure from top to bottom to be fixed on the salt marsh restoration area.

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