Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a reception unit that receives a path loss (PL) offset for physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission, and receives downlink control information (DCI) including an indication relating to the PRACH; and a control unit that, on the basis of the number of indicated transmission configuration indication (TCI) states, determines whether to apply the PL offset corresponding to an indicated TCI state to the PRACH transmission. One aspect of the present disclosure makes it possible to suitably control PRACH transmission power.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, in order to expand UL coverage, it is being considered to install equipment that primarily performs UL reception (e.g., UL receiving points) in addition to general transmitting and receiving points.

[0006] However, when the path loss (PL) RS (path loss RS) for path loss (PL) calculation is transmitted from a typical transmit / receive point or DL ​​transmit point, it is unclear how the terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) determines the PL value or PL offset value used for calculating the power of UL transmission to the UL receive point. Failure to correctly determine the PL value or PL offset value may result in improper control of the UL transmit power.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately control the PRACH transmission power.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by having a receiving unit that receives a Pathloss (PL) offset for Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission and Downlink Control Information (DCI) including instructions regarding PRACH, and a control unit that determines whether to apply the PL offset corresponding to the instructed Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state to PRACH transmission based on the number of instructed TCI states.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, the PRACH transmission power can be appropriately controlled.

[0010] Figure 1A shows an example of a typical transmit / receive point arrangement. Figure 1B shows an example of a UL high-density arrangement. Figure 2 shows an example of DL / UL coverage for a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). Figure 3A shows an example of RRC parameters for power control of joint / UL TCI states. Figure 3B shows a DCI field indicating whether to apply a PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH. Figure 4A shows the relationship between TCI state ID and PL offset in option 2-1-1. Figure 4B shows an example of a DCI field in option 2-1-1. Figure 5A shows an example of option 2-2V-1. Figure 5B shows an example of option 2-2V-2. Figures 5C and 5D show examples of option 2-2V-3. Figure 6 shows an example of the correspondence between DCI code points and PL offset values ​​in option 2-2. Figure 7 shows a first example of the definition of a specific DCI field (New 1-bit DCI field). Figure 8 shows a second example of the definition of a specific DCI field (New 1-bit DCI field). Figure 9 shows a third example of the definition of a specific DCI field (New 1-bit DCI field). Figure 10 shows an example of the schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 11 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 12 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 13 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 14 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] (Scenario 1: UL high-density configuration (UL only TRP)) In Rel. 15 NR, the coverage (range) of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, PDSCH, PDCCH, and PBCH is not uniform. PUSCH coverage is particularly limited at high frequencies. Future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 18, Rel. 19, or later) are being considered to improve at least one of UL coverage and UL throughput.

[0012] To expand UL coverage, the addition of UL receiving points in addition to general transmit / receive points is being considered. Therefore, examples of general transmit / receive point arrangements and arrangements with UL receiving points (UL high-density arrangement) are described below.

[0013] Figure 1A shows an example of a typical transmission and reception point arrangement. In Figure 1A, the UE receives a DL signal from the transmission / reception point (TRP) and transmits a UL signal to the TRP. For example, if the UE and TRP are far apart, path loss may be large, potentially degrading communication quality.

[0014] Figure 1B shows an example of a high-density UL (ultraluminescence) arrangement. To expand UL coverage, it is being considered to provide UL receiving points, as shown in Figure 1B, in addition to DL (downlink) transmission points. In Figure 1B, the UE (User Equipment) receives DL signals from DL transmission points (TRP / central TRP / DL TRP / macro TRP) corresponding to macrocells and transmits UL signals to UL receiving points (e.g., receiving points with lower path loss / received power). However, the UE may also be capable of performing UL transmission to DL transmission points.

[0015] By using a high-density UL configuration as shown in Figure 1B, compared to a general configuration as shown in Figure 1A, both coverage and UL data rate can be improved by reducing path loss, improving UL signaling quality, and achieving a higher coding rate. Furthermore, since UL receiving points primarily perform reception, they require fewer functions (such as power amplifiers) compared to transmitting and receiving points corresponding to typical small cells, resulting in lower costs and significantly easier deployment management.

[0016] In Scenario 1, UL transmission of multi-TRP is not required. For example, even if there are two TCIs to be indicated, UL TCI (UL Single TRP) may always be indicated to one UE.

[0017] Alternatively, in Scenario 1, multi-TRP UL transmission (e.g., TDM / FDM repetition, SDM / SFN multi-panel simultaneous transmission, or all of them) may be supported. It may be specified that one of the two UL TRPs must be a DL TRP, or one of the two UL TRPs may be a DL TRP.

[0018] (Scenario 2: Decoupling of DL TRP and UL TRP in HetNet) In this disclosure, a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) using macro Base Stations (BS) (DL TRP) and micro BS (UL TRP) may be applied (Figure 2). In a typical HetNet, the transmit power of the macro BS and micro BS are different. Also, the optimal DL coverage and the optimal UL coverage are different. For example, DL coverage is determined by RSRP, and UL coverage is determined by path loss (PL).

[0019] In the example in Figure 2, the UE is included in the optimal DL coverage of the macro BS and the optimal UL coverage of the micro BS. In this case, the UE can receive DL from the macro BS and transmit UL to the micro BS. However, the UE may transmit some reference signals / channels (e.g., SRS with usage Antenna switching (AS) used for acquiring DL CSI) to the macro BS. Therefore, the UE may require two Timing Advances (TA) in this scenario. Note that the SRS with AS is transmitted to the macro BS because it is used to enable the base station (macro BS) to perform DL CSI measurement (e.g., determine the MIMO precoder of the DL) based on the reception of the SRS using the channel reciprocity. On the other hand, the SRS with usage Codebook / Non-codebook is transmitted to the micro BS because it is used for PUSCH precoder / beam determination.

[0020] In HetNet, even if a microBS has DL transmission capabilities, turning off the DL function most of the time can conserve energy on the microBS. In this case, the microBS functions similarly to a UL-only TRP (UL receiving point).

[0021] (Reception of Path Loss (PL) / PL Offset) The UE may receive, via DL signaling, first information indicating the path loss (PL) used for transmission power control (TPC), which has been estimated and notified (transmitted) by the network. This DL signaling may be at least one of higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC or MAC CE) or physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)).

[0022] UE receives the path loss (PL ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ ), PL ｂ，ｆ，ｃ ) (index q ｄ The UL signal transmission power for a receiving point that does not transmit downlink data (e.g., the transmission power of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH) may be calculated using the active UL BWP path loss of the carrier f of serving cell c.

[0023] [Option 1] The absolute path loss (PL) value [dB] for each RS index may be notified (transmitted) from the network to the UE. The UE may use the notified absolute path loss value directly in calculating the transmit power.

[0024] [Option 2] The relative path loss (delta PL, PL offset) value [dB] for each RS index may be notified (transmitted) from the network to the UE. The UE may use the path loss value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) the received delta PL value to the path loss value estimated from the DL RS transmitted from the macrocell (macro BS / central TRP) to calculate the UL transmit power for the UL TRP. (PL offset for PRACH) <PL offset for PDCCH order PRACH> The base station (gNB) can dynamically instruct the PDCCH order PRACH to either the DL TRP or the UL TRP. Therefore, it is preferable that the value of the PL offset applied to the PDCCH order PRACH is dynamically instructed by the PDCCH depending on the target DL / UL TRP.

[0025] The UE may receive multiple PL offsets (e.g., included in the PRACH setting) via RRC signaling, receive a PDCCH (PDCCH order indicating PRACH) indicating one of the multiple PL offset values, and apply the indicated PL offset value to the PRACH transmission. This process may be applied only in a specific frequency domain (FR1).

[0026] The PL offset value of PRACH may be set separately for PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. For example, different PL offset values ​​may be set for different joint / UL TCI states. For example, gNB may set up to M different PL offsets for M joint / UL TCI states (e.g., M = 64).

[0027] On the other hand, in the case of PRACH, the required number of different PL offsets is determined by the number of DL / UL TRPs. Therefore, the number of multiple PL offset values ​​set for PRACH can be less than the number of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. For example, multiple PL offset values ​​may be set for PRACH in the PRACH setting.

[0028] The UE may set one PL offset value associated with a joint / UL TCI state by RRC signaling, or it may set different PL offset values ​​associated with different joint / UL TCI states. The UE may update / activate / deactivate the PL offset values ​​of the joint / UL TCI states by MAC CE.

[0029] <Example 0> The conditions for applying PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH are explained.

[0030] <<Option 0-1>> The UE may set separately whether to apply the PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS and whether to apply the PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH. The UE may receive these settings separately via upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the UE may apply (or not apply) the PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, and may or may not apply (or apply) the PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH.

[0031] <<<0-1-1>>> Whether the PL offset is applied to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS may be determined depending on whether the PL offset is set to the joint / UL TCI state. In other words, setting the PL offset to the joint / UL TCI state may implicitly indicate that the PL offset is applied to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. Alternatively, the UE may receive information (explicit indication) through RRC signaling that the PL offset can be applied to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS.

[0032] <<<0-1-2>>> Whether or not to apply the PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH is determined by the following method.

[0033] The UE may receive PRACH settings / serving cell settings via RRC signaling and decide whether to apply PL offsets to the PDCCH order PRACH depending on whether one or more PL offsets are set for the PRACH (or whether the application of PL offsets to the PDCCH order PRACH is explicitly set by the RRC).

[0034] If the PRACH setting / serving cell setting received via RRC signaling has one or more PL offsets set for the PRACH (or if the application of PL offsets to the PDCCH order PRACH is explicitly set by RRC signaling), the UE may decide to apply the PL offsets to the PDCCH order PRACH.

[0035] UE may be explicitly instructed to apply a PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH. In this case, the PL offset associated with one of the joint / UL TCI states instructed for UL TRP may be applied to the PRACH transmission of the PDCCH order.

[0036] Option 0-1 allows for flexible configuration of whether to apply the PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH.

[0037] <<Option 0-2>> The UE may set the setting for whether to apply the PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS and the setting for whether to apply the PL offset to PDCCH order PRACH in common. The UE may receive these settings via upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling. In other words, if the UE applies the PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS (or does not apply it), it also applies the PL offset to PDCCH order PRACH (PRACH transmission) (or does not apply it).

[0038] Whether to apply the PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS may be determined according to whether the PL offset is set to the joint / UL TCI state. That is, the setting of the PL offset to the joint / UL TCI state may implicitly indicate the application of the PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. Alternatively, the UE may receive information (explicit indication) indicating whether the PL offset can be applied to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS by RRC signaling.

[0039] The UE may determine whether to apply the PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH in the same way as in 0-2-1. When the UE applies the PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, the UE may also determine to apply the PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH. Alternatively, when the UE does not apply the PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, the UE may also determine not to apply the PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH.

[0040] In Option 0-2, the second example may be applied to the method of determining which PL offset to apply to PRACH. That is, the UE may select the PL offset related to the indicated TCI state for PRACH transmission. However, DCI may not be used to indicate whether to apply the PL offset to PRACH.

[0041] In Option 0-1, the UE may report separate UE capability information for the PL offset of PRACH and the PL offset of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. In fact, the gNB may set the PL offset only for PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS and not set the PL offset for PRACH (that is, PRACH is always transmitted to the DLTRP). In this case, Option 0-1 is effective.

[0042] In Option 0-2, the UE may report common UE capability information regarding the PL offset for PRACH and the PL offset for PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. When the gNB sets a PL offset for PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, the PL offset is also applied to PRACH (i.e., PRACH is always transmitted to the UL TRP).

[0043] The processing described above (for the PL offset for PRACH) may be applied when the UE determines to apply a PL offset to PRACH by the processing of this example.

[0044] According to Option 0-2, by commonly setting whether to apply a PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH, the setting can be simplified and the signaling overhead can be suppressed.

[0045] <First Example> The path loss gap is within {0,..., 60} dB in most cases. Therefore, the range of the PL offset value may be {0,..., 60} dB. This can cover most scenarios.

[0046] Also, it has been found that the quantization has little impact on the performance for the PL gap. Therefore, it is considered that there is no need to indicate the PL offset in fine steps (e.g., 1 dB steps). Note that the PL offset value may include negative values in the value range or only positive values.

[0047] The value range and quantization (the required bit size of the PL offset value) may be the same or different between PRACH and PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS.

[0048] <Use of Unified TCI State> As the TCI state of this disclosure, the unified TCI state for sTRP in Rel. 17 or the unified TCI state for sDCI in Rel. 18 may be applied.

[0049] For example, in the asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario, the following Rel. 17 Unified TCI / inter-cell beam management (ICBM) and Rel. 18 Unified TCI framework are reused.

[0050] If Rel. 17 Unified TCI / ICBM is configured, the UE may apply one joint TCI state, or one DL TCI state and one UL TCI state, in the case of FR1.

[0051] When Rel. 17 Unified TCI / ICBM is configured, the UE may apply one DL TCI state and one UL TCI state in the case of FR2.

[0052] When Rel. 18 Unified TCI state is set, the UE may apply up to two joint TCI states, or one DL TCI state and up to two UL TCI states, in the case of FR1.

[0053] When Rel. 18 Unified TCI state is set, the UE can apply one DL TCI state and up to two UL TCI states in the case of FR2.

[0054] <Second Example> The UE may receive one or more PL offset values ​​via RRC signaling and apply a PRACH transmission by PDCCH order to a TCI state (joint / UL TCI state) indicated for the UL receiving point (UL TRP), which is the UL transmission destination, from among the one or more PL offset values. This PDCCH order (DCI) includes a TCI state and a field indicating at least one of whether or not to apply the PL offset.

[0055] <<Option 2-0>> A set / associated directed joint / UL TCI state with a PL offset whose value is greater than 0 (or a non-zero value) may be considered a "directed joint / UL TCI state of UL TRP in the Unified TCI Framework". The Unified TCI Framework may mean the setting of the Unified TCI state in Rel. 17 / Rel. 18 of <Using Unified TCI States> above.

[0056] <<Option 2-1>> In a PDCCH order PRACH transmission, a PL offset associated with any of the joint / UL TCI states indicated for the UL TRP of the Unified TCI Framework may be applied. Also, if a Unified TCI state of Rel. 17 (joint / DL / UL TCI with one active TCI state) is indicated for the sTRP, at least one of the following (1) or (2) may be applied.

[0057] (1) Only one TCI state is indicated. PDCCH does not indicate whether to apply a PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH. It is possible to update the TCI indicated by RRC / MAC CE / DCI, but this may take time (e.g., after the beam application timing from the TCI indication DCI).

[0058] (2) If an RRC parameter indicating a PL offset is set (e.g., Figure 3A), a 1-bit field may exist in PDCCH(DCI) indicating whether to apply the PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH (e.g., Figure 3B). If an RRC parameter indicating a PL offset is not set, no 1-bit field exists in PDCCH. In this case, the PL offset associated with the indicated joint / UL TCI state may always be applied to the PDCCH order PRACH. Whether the PL offset is applied to the PDCCH order PRACH may depend on the setting of the PL offset to the indicated joint / UL TCI state.

[0059] Figure 3A shows an example of RRC parameters for power control in a joint / UL TCI state. As shown in Figure 3A, for example, the value of the path loss offset may be set as the RRC parameter for a joint / UL TCI state.

[0060] Figure 3B shows the DCI field indicating whether to apply the PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH. As shown in Figure 3B, a field value of 0 indicates that the PL offset (for example, the PL offset set as an RRC parameter) will be applied, and a field value of 1 indicates that the PL offset will not be applied.

[0061] <<Option 2-2>> In a PDCCH order PRACH transmission, a PL offset associated with either the joint / UL TCI state indicated for the UL TRP of the Unified TCI Framework may be applied. Also, if a Unified TCI of Rel. 18 (a joint / DL / UL TCI with two active TCIs) of the sDCI mTRP is indicated, at least one of the following (1) or (2) may be applied.

[0062] (1) There are two specified joint / UL TCI states. Of the two specified joint / UL TCI states, a PL offset (a non-zero value) is set for the first TCI state, and no PL offset is set for the second TCI state (or a PL offset of value 0 is set). In this case, the following options 2-1-1 or 2-2-2 may be applied.

[0063] Option 2-1-1: RRC signaling sets the relationship between the TCI state ID and the PL offset (Figure 4A). Assume that one of the PL offsets set in Figure 4A is 0 dB. Then, to instruct the PDCCH order whether or not to apply a non-zero value of the PL offset, a one-bit (or multi-bit) field indicating the TCI state is added to the PDCCH (DCI) (Figure 4B). The UE selects which of the joint / UL TCI states indicated in this field to apply and uses the PL offset corresponding to the selected TCI state.

[0064] Option 2-2-2: The UE may always apply a PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH that corresponds to one predetermined TCI state from among the specified joint / UL TCI states. The UE may, for example, select one of the joint / UL TCI states for which a PL offset has been set, and use the PL offset corresponding to the selected TCI state. For example, the UE may select the first (or second) joint / UL TCI state set as the RRC parameter, or it may select the joint / UL TCI state with the lowest / highest TCI state ID.

[0065] (2) The following restrictions may apply: If a PL offset (with a non-zero value) is set for one of the two specified joint / UL TCI states, the other specified joint / UL TCI will not have a PL offset set (or will have a PL offset with a value of 0). The one PL offset (with a non-zero value) that is set may correspond to the first (or second) joint / UL TCI state set as an RRC parameter, or to the joint / UL TCI state with the lowest / highest TCI state ID.

[0066] <<Variation of Option 2-2>> The following restrictions may not apply: For two specified joint / UL TCI states, if one of the specified joint / UL TCI states has a PL offset (with a value of non-zero), the other specified joint / UL TCI will not have a PL offset set (or will have a PL offset with a value of 0).

[0067] In other words, a PDCCH order may be permitted to indicate both of two indicated joint / UL TCI states to which a PL offset (a non-zero value) is set. To put it another way, if there are two indicated TCI states, a PL offset may be set for both the first and second TCI states.

[0068] The UE may set the size of the new DCI field in the PDCCH by RRC signaling. If this DCI field is 1 bit, the following 2-2V-1 and 2-2V-2 apply, and if the DCI field is greater than 1 bit, the following 2-2V-3 may apply. The UE may apply a PL offset related to the TCI state indicated / selected by the DCI to the PRACH transmission.

[0069] 2-2V-1: DCI selects / indicates one of two indicated joint / UL TCI states (the PL offset value associated with that TCI state) (Figure 5A).

[0070] In Figure 5A, if the DCI field is 0, the UE applies the 1st TCI state and the PL offset value associated with the 1st TCI state. If the DCI field is 1, the UE applies the 2nd TCI state and the PL offset value associated with the 2nd TCI state.

[0071] 2-2V-2: DCI selects / indicates whether to apply two specified joint / UL TCI states (and the associated PL offset values ​​for those TCI states) (Figure 5B). The UE may decide which of the two specified joint / UL TCI states to use based on a predetermined rule. The predetermined rule may be option 2-2-2 above.

[0072] In Figure 5B, if the DCI field is 0, the UE applies a specific (determined) joint / UL TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 1, the UE does not apply a specific (determined) joint / UL TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state.

[0073] 2-2V-3: DCI can choose which of the two specified joint / UL TCI states (and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state) to select, and whether to apply the PL offset associated with the selected joint / UL TCI state (Figures 5C and 5D).

[0074] In Figure 5C, if the DCI field is 0, the UE applies the 1st TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 1, the UE applies the 1st TCI state but does not apply the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 2, the UE applies the 2nd TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 3, the UE applies the 2nd TCI state but does not apply the PL offset value associated with that TCI state.

[0075] In Figure 5D, if the DCI field is 0, the UE does not apply the PL offset value. If the DCI field is 1, the UE applies the 1st TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 2, the UE applies the 2nd TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. DCI field = 3 is not used (it becomes a Reserved bit).

[0076] In this example, the relationship between the TCI state and the PL offset can be clearly and dynamically indicated by the PDCCH order.

[0077] <Third Example> This describes the number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​set for PRACH (i.e., the number of UL TRPs). There may be one or more UL TRPs for PL-RS (DL TRP). Therefore, the number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​set may be one or more.

[0078] [Option 2-1] Each SSB / CSI-RS / TCI status ID may be associated with a different PL value or PL offset value (a set of PL values ​​or PL offset values) (same as Option 1-2). In other words, the same number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​as the SSB / CSI-RS / TCI status IDs may be set.

[0079] [Option 2-2] The UE may receive multiple PL offset values ​​via RRC signaling and receive a PDCCH order (DCI instructing PRACH transmission) containing multiple bits indicating which PL offset value to apply. In Option 2-2, the PL offset values ​​may be interpreted as PL values.

[0080] The PDCCH order may include a bit indicating the PL offset value. The number of bits (X bits) may be fixed (e.g., X = 2) or variable depending on the number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​to be set. For example, the number of bits is log ２ It may also be (Y) bits, where Y is the number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​to set.

[0081] Figure 6 shows an example of the correspondence between DCI code points and PL offset values ​​in Option 2-2. In the example in Figure 6, two-bit DCI code points are assigned to four PL offset values. PL values ​​may be set instead of each PL offset value.

[0082] The PL offset value for a DCI code point may be fixed or it may be modifiable by higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC / MAC CE).

[0083] The UE may report the maximum number of PL offset values ​​set for each SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state as UE capability information. The UE may report the maximum number of SSB / CSI-RS / TCI states for which PL offset values ​​are set as UE capability information.

[0084] The bit indicating which PL offset value to apply in Option 2-2 may be a single bit.

[0085] In this example, the UE can use an appropriate PL value or PL offset value.

[0086] (Rel. 17 / 18 Unified TCI Framework) For PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, the PL offset of the indicated TCI state (joint / UL TCI state) applicable to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS is applied. The method of applying the indicated joint / UL TCI state to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS in the Rel. 17 / 18 TCI Framework is explained below.

[0087] <Rel. 17 Unified TCI Framework> This section explains how to apply the specified TCI state (joint / UL TCI state) in the Rel. 17 Unified TCI Framework.

[0088] PUCCH: The "specified TCI state" is always applied to all dedicated PUCCH resources.

[0089] PUSCH: For dynamic / configured grant PUSCH, the "specified TCI state" is always applied.

[0090] SRS: For A-SRS for beam management, or for A / SP / P-SRS for codebook, non-codebook, antenna switch, when the joint / UL TCI state for the SRS resource set is set (when followUnifiedTCIstate is set), the "indicated TCI state" is applied. In the case of other SRSs, the TCI state set in the SRS resource set is applied.

[0091] <Rel. 18 Unified TCI Framework> In the Rel. 18 unified TCI framework of single DCI multi-TRP, the method of applying the indicated joint / UL TCI state will be described. Note that applyIndicatedTCIState = {1 st , 2 nd , both} is a parameter indicating whether the applied TCI state is the first TCI state, the second TCI state, or both the first and second TCI states.

[0092] PUCCH: applyIndicatedTCIState = {1 st , 2 nd , both} is set for each PUCCH resource / resource group.

[0093] PUSCH: In the case of dynamic / configured grant PUSCH, the "indicated TCI state" is always applied. - The PUSCH scheduled / activated in DCI0_0 always applies the first indicated TCI state. - In the case of type 1 configured grant (CG) PUSCH, applyIndicatedTCIState = {1 st , 2 nd , both} is set. - The SRS resource set indication field indicates one / both of the SRS resource sets to be used

[0094] SRS: For A-SRS for beam management, or A / SP / P-SRS for codebooks, non-codebooks, and antenna switches, if the SRS resource set is set to a unified TCI state (if followUnifiedTCIstate is set), applyIndicatedTCIState={1st,2nd} is set for each SRS resource set to indicate which "indicated TCI state" is applied. For other SRSs, the TCI state set in the SRS resource set is applied.

[0095] As described above, in the Rel. 17 Unified TCI Framework, in most cases, one designated TCI state (Joint / UL TCI state) is applied to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. On the other hand, in the Rel. 18 Unified TCI Framework, in the case of a single DCI multi-TRP, one or both designated TCI states (Joint / UL TCI states) are applied to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. Furthermore, the DCI to be scheduled / triggered can select one or both designated Joint / UL TCI states.

[0096] (Analysis) As mentioned above, in future wireless communication systems, in order to expand UL coverage, it is being considered to install equipment that primarily performs UL reception (e.g., UL reception points) in addition to general transmission and reception points.

[0097] However, when the path loss (PL) RS (path loss RS) for path loss (PL) calculation is transmitted from a typical transmit / receive point or DL ​​transmit point, it is unclear how the terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) determines the PL value or PL offset value used for calculating the power of UL transmission to the UL receive point. Failure to correctly determine the PL value or PL offset value may result in improper control of the UL transmit power.

[0098] Therefore, the inventors conceived of a method that can appropriately control the PRACH transmission power.

[0099] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0100] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0101] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0102] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0103] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0104] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0105] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0106] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0107] In this disclosure, terms such as drop, suspend, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, and not send may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0108] The UL receiving point may be connected to a TRP (e.g., a base station) or core network via wired or wireless connection. The UL receiving point may be treated as a network (NW) or base station. The UL receiving point may be capable of transmitting downlink (DL) signals (e.g., PL values) and may be applied to base stations forming a macrocell. For example, the UL receiving point may not transmit downlink data but transmit control signals / channels.

[0109] In this disclosure, base station, TRP, UL receiving point, UL TRP, UL only TRP, microcell, microBS, microTRP, and TRP that does not transmit PL-RS may be interpreted interchangeably. A UL receiving point primarily performs UL receiving. A UL receiving point may perform UL receiving only, or it may perform UL receiving and DL transmission.

[0110] In this disclosure, base stations, TRPs, DL transmission points, DL TRPs, DL-only TRPs, UL / DL TRPs, macrocells, macro BSs, macro TRPs, central TRPs, and TRPs that transmit PL-RS may be interpreted interchangeably. DL transmission points primarily perform DL transmissions. DL transmission points may perform DL transmissions only, or they may perform UL reception and DL transmissions.

[0111] In this disclosure, UL high-density arrangement, distributed TRP mode, separated location mode for transmit / receive points, distributed transmit / receive mode, separated TRP mode, TRP type 1, TRP type 2, TRP type A, and TRP type B may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0112] In this disclosure, absolute PL, path loss (PL), PL value, PL parameter, PL RS, and PL RSID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, relative PL, delta PL, PL offset, PL offset value, and P ＯThe offset of α, the offset of power / power density [x dBm], and the difference between PL for the DL transmission point and PL for the UL reception point may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0113] In this disclosure, the use / application of a PL offset may mean that a PL value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) a PL offset to a PL value estimated / calculated based on DL RS transmitted from a DL transmission point / DL TRP or a received PL value is used to calculate the transmit power of a UL signal (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS) transmitted to a UL reception point / UL TRP. The PL offset and PL offset value may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0114] In this disclosure, a base station (gNB) may be a DL transmission point or an UL reception point, or a base station located higher up than the DL transmission point or UL reception point (capable of communicating with the DL transmission point / UL reception point).

[0115] PRACH, PDCCH order PRACH, and PRACH transmission may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. PDCCH order PRACH may mean PRACH as indicated by PDCCH / DCI.

[0116] The TCI state, joint / UL TCI state, UL TCI state, DL TCI state, and joint / DL TCI state may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable. PDCCH and DCI may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable. PDCCH orders PRACH, PRACH, and PDCCH / DCI indicate PRACH may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0117] In this disclosure, the RS to be measured is the QCL source RS in the active TCI state / instructed TCI state.

[0118] (Wireless communication method) <First embodiment> When a UE receives a PL offset for PRACH transmission (e.g., by RRC signaling) and receives a DCI (PDCCH order) containing instructions regarding PRACH, it may calculate the PRACH transmission power based on the PL offset and control the PRACH transmission. The UE may decide, based on a specific field in the DCI, whether to apply the PL offset corresponding to the instructed TCI state to the PRACH transmission, and which PL offset to apply to the PRACH transmission.

[0119] The UE may decide whether to apply a PL offset corresponding to an indicated TCI state, and which PL offset to apply, depending on the "number of indicated TCI states" (i.e., the Rel. 17 or Rel. 18 Unified TCI Framework above) / "whether a specific RRC parameter is set".

[0120] For example, if a UE has a list of DL / JointTCI states (dl-OrJointTCI-StateList) and possesses one designated TCI state, the method described in <Rel. 17 Unified TCI Framework> above may be applied.

[0121] For example, if a UE has a list of DL / JointTCI states (dl-OrJointTCI-StateList) and has two specified TCI states, the method described in <Rel. 18 Unified TCI Framework> above may be applied (especially in the case of single DCI multi-TRP).

[0122] A specific RRC parameter may be a new parameter (e.g., a parameter from Rel. 19 or later) or an existing RRC parameter (e.g., the parameter for enabling the TCI selection field for DCI1_1 / 1_2 (tciSelection-PresentInDCI)).

[0123] The UE may determine which TCI state to apply for a given TCI state based on the TCI selection field (if the RRC parameter tciSelection-PresentInDCI is set). Based on the TCI selection field, the UE may decide to apply a first TCI state, a second TCI state, or both the first and second TCI states, and apply the PL offset corresponding to the TCI state to be applied.

[0124] Figure 7 shows a first example of the definition of a specific DCI field (New 1-bit DCI field). A specific DCI field may be 1 bit or 2 or more bits.

[0125] If a specific DCI field is valid and the number of indicated TCI states is 1, the specific DCI field indicates whether to apply the PL offset corresponding to the indicated TCI state. In this case, the example in Figure 3B may be applied to the specific DCI field.

[0126] If a specific DCI field is enabled and the number of indicated TCI states is two, the specific DCI field indicates (selects) which of the two indicated TCI states the PL offset to apply. In this case, the example in Figure 4B may apply to the specific DCI field. For example, if a first TCI state is indicated, the UE applies the PL offset corresponding to the first TCI state, and if a second TCI state is indicated, it applies the PL offset corresponding to the second TCI state.

[0127] If a specific DCI field is invalid and the number of indicated TCI states is 1, the UE may always apply the PL offset corresponding to the indicated TCI state.

[0128] If a specific DCI field is invalid and the number of indicated TCI states is two, the UE may always apply the PL offset corresponding to the indicated first TCI state (or second TCI state). RRC signaling may pre-configure which PL offset to select, the first or second TCI state.

[0129] In other words, the same DCI field is used whether the number of specified TCI states is 1 or 2, but the meaning indicated by the DCI field differs depending on the number of specified TCI states.

[0130] <<Variation 1>> Figure 8 shows a second example of the definition of a specific DCI field (New 1-bit DCI field). It differs from Figure 7 in the case where the specific DCI field is valid and the number of indicated TCI states is 1, but other cases are the same as the example in Figure 7, so the explanation is omitted.

[0131] If a particular DCI field is valid and the number of indicated TCI states is 1, the UE may always apply the PL offset corresponding to the indicated TCI state. In this case, the bit values ​​of the particular DCI field are ignored.

[0132] <<Variation 2>> Figure 9 shows a third example of the definition of a specific DCI field (New 1-bit DCI field). The case where the specific DCI field is valid and the number of indicated TCI states is 1, and the case where the specific DCI field is invalid and the number of indicated TCI states is 2, differ from Figure 7, but the other cases are the same as the example in Figure 7, so the explanation is omitted.

[0133] The UE does not need to assume that a particular DCI field is valid and that the number of indicated TCI states is 1 (such an instruction is not required). Similarly, the UE does not need to assume that a particular DCI field is invalid and that the number of indicated TCI states is 2 (such an instruction is not required).

[0134] Alternatively, the example in Figure 9 may be applied to either the case where a specific DCI field is enabled and the number of indicated TCI states is 1, or the case where a specific DCI field is disabled and the number of indicated TCI states is 2, while the example in Figure 7 may be applied to the other case.

[0135] <<Variation 3>> If a specific DCI field is invalid and the number of indicated TCI states is 1 or 2, the UE may not apply the PL offset. If a specific DCI field is valid, one of the examples in Figures 7, 8, or 9 may be applied.

[0136] <<Other>> If specific parameters are set by RRC, the above specific DCI field may exist in the DCI (DCI format 1_0) that schedules the PDSCH. For example, an existing reserved bit may be used to indicate a specific DCI field. For example, to maintain the total size of DCI format 1_0, a new field of 1 bit may be added and 1 bit removed from an existing reserved bit field.

[0137] The new DCI field may be included in the DCI only if the UE transmits / reports specific capability information.

[0138] A new field may be added as a specific DCI field (for example, in Figure 5C or Figure 5D).

[0139] In a DCI (DCI format 1_0) for scheduling PDSCH, if the DCI's Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is scrambled by a Cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) and all frequency domain resource allocation fields are 1, the DCI is used for random access procedures initiated in PDCCH order and may include the aforementioned specific fields.

[0140] In this disclosure, the RS to be measured may be a QCL source RS in an active TCI state / instructed TCI state.

[0141] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately determine, based on DCI, whether to apply a PL offset to the PRACH transmission and which PL offset to apply.

[0142] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0143] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0144] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0145] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0146] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0147] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0148] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0149] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0150] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0151] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0152] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0153] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0154] The above-mentioned specific UE capability may represent at least one of the following: supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; supporting the application of PL offsets to PRACH; and supporting the number of TCI states.

[0155] In this disclosure, "to support" and "whether or not to support" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0156] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0157] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0158] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0159] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives a Pathloss (PL) offset for Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission and Downlink Control Information (DCI) including instructions for PRACH; and a control unit that determines whether to apply a PL offset corresponding to an indicated Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state to PRACH transmission based on the number of indicated TCI states. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein if the number of indicated TCI states is 1, a specific field in the DCI indicates whether to apply a PL offset corresponding to the indicated TCI state. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein if the number of indicated TCI states is 2, a specific DCI field in the DCI indicates which of the two indicated TCI states the PL offset to apply. [Note 4] The control unit is a terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3 that applies the PL offset corresponding to the indicated TCI state when a specific DCI field in the DCI is valid and the number of indicated TCI states is 1.

[0160] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0161] Figure 10 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0162] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0163] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0164] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0165] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0166] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0167] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0168] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0169] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0170] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0171] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0172] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0173] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0174] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0175] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0176] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0177] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0178] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0179] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0180] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0181] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0182] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0183] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0184] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0185] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0186] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0187] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0188] (Base Station) Figure 11 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0189] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0190] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0191] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0192] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0193] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0194] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0195] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0196] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0197] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0198] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0199] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0200] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0201] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0202] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0203] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0204] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0205] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0206] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0207] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive a Pathloss (PL) offset for Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission and transmit Downlink Control Information (DCI) including instructions regarding PRACH.

[0208] The control unit 110 may control the reception of a PRACH transmitted using the PL offset if it has determined, based on the number of indicated TCI states, whether to apply the PL offset corresponding to the indicated Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state to the PRACH transmission.

[0209] (User Terminal) Figure 12 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0210] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0211] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0212] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0213] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0214] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0215] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0216] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0217] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0218] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0219] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0220] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0221] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0222] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0223] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0224] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0225] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0226] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0227] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least some of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit described in the appendix above.

[0228] The control unit 210 may perform at least some of the processing of the control unit described in the appendix above.

[0229] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0230] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0231] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 13 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0232] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0233] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0234] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0235] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0236] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0237] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0238] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0239] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0240] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0241] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0242] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0243] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0244] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0245] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0246] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0247] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0248] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0249] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0250] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0251] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0252] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0253] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0254] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0255] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0256] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0257] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0258] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0259] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0260] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0261] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0262] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0263] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0264] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0265] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0266] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0267] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0268] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0269] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0270] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0271] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0272] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0273] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0274] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0275] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0276] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0277] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0278] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0279] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0280] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0281] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0282] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0283] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0284] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0285] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0286] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0287] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0288] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0289] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0290] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0291] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0292] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0293] Figure 14 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0294] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0295] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0296] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0297] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0298] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0299] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0300] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0301] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0302] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0303] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0304] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0305] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0306] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0307] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0308] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0309] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0310] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0311] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0312] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0313] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0314] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0315] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0316] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0317] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0318] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0319] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0320] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0321] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0322] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0323] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0324] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0325] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0326] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0327] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives a Pathloss (PL) offset for Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission and Downlink Control Information (DCI) including instructions regarding PRACH; and a control unit that determines whether to apply the PL offset corresponding to the indicated Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state to PRACH transmission based on the number of indicated TCI states.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, if the number of indicated TCI states is 1, a specific field in the DCI indicates whether to apply the PL offset corresponding to the indicated TCI state.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, where, if the number of indicated TCI states is two, a specific DCI field in the DCI indicates which of the two indicated TCI states the PL offset to apply.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit applies a PL offset corresponding to an indicated TCI state when a specific DCI field in the DCI is valid and the number of indicated TCI states is 1.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal comprising: receiving a Pathloss (PL) offset for Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission and receiving Downlink Control Information (DCI) containing instructions regarding PRACH; and determining, based on the number of indicated Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states, whether to apply the PL offset corresponding to the indicated Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states to PRACH transmission.

6. A base station having: a transmitting unit that receives a Pathloss (PL) offset for Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission and transmits Downlink Control Information (DCI) including instructions regarding PRACH; and a control unit that controls the reception of PRACH transmitted using the PL offset when it is determined based on the number of indicated TCI states whether to apply the PL offset corresponding to the indicated Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state to PRACH transmission.

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