Method performed by terminal or network in wireless communication system, and apparatus therefor

Abstract

A first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may: generate first information comprising at least one of information related to a state of second information and information related to encoding of the second information; acquire coded bits on the basis of encoding of an input bit sequence comprising the first information and the second information together; and transmit a signal on the basis of the coded bits, wherein the information related to the state of the second information may comprise information about the size of the second information, and the information related to the encoding of the second information may comprise information about bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence.

Description

A method performed by a terminal or network in a wireless communication system and an apparatus for the same

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically, to a method for transmitting or receiving uplink / downlink signals between terminals or networks in a wireless communication system and an apparatus for the same.

[0002] The 5G mobile communication system is a successor technology to LTE (Long Term Evolution) and is a new clean-slate type of mobile communication system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. In the case of 5G NR, all available spectrum resources can be utilized, ranging from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz to intermediate frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz. Based on the underlying technology of 5G mobile communication, 6G mobile communication systems are being developed.

[0003] In 5G NR (New Radio) systems, various channel coding schemes have been introduced to ensure the reliability of wireless transmission. Polar Coding has been applied to the control channel, and Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Coding has been applied to the data channel.

[0004] According to existing methods including 5G NR, information for encoding / decoding at the transmitting / receiving end must be set / instructed before encoding / decoding is performed. For example, information required for decoding a channel (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH, PUSCH, PDSCH) had to be pre-set / instructed before receiving the channel to be decoded.

[0005] These existing operations may limit the degree of freedom in selecting or changing encoding / scheduling suitable for time-varying situations, and if one attempts to support such changes, there are limitations in that not only is signaling overhead increased, but delays in applying the changed information may also occur.

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a method for efficiently performing a wireless signal transmission and reception process and an apparatus for such process. A more efficient channel coding structure may be provided for the transmission and reception of wireless signals. As an example, a channel coding structure is proposed that can provide information related to the coding of target information to be transmitted or received together with the target information.

[0007] In addition to the technical challenges described above, other technical challenges can be inferred from the description below.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed in a first device comprises: generating first information comprising at least one of information related to the state of second information or information related to the encoding of said second information; acquiring bits coded based on the encoding of an input bit sequence comprising said first information and said second information together; and transmitting a signal based on said coded bits, wherein the information related to the state of the second information comprises information about the size of said second information, and the information related to the encoding of said second information may comprise information about bit positions of said second information within said input bit sequence.

[0009] The bit positions of the first information within the above input bit sequence can be determined based on a specific setting value for the size of the second information and the size of the first information.

[0010] The above specific setting value may be a maximum size value or a minimum size value set for the above second information.

[0011] A specific number of bits greater than or equal to the total information bit size obtained by summing the size of the first information and the size of the second information may be selected from the input bit sequence. The specific number of bits may be bits selected in order of high reliability in the input bit sequence.

[0012] The bits to which the first information is mapped within the aforementioned specific number of bits can be determined based on the bit index order or the decoding order.

[0013] The bit positions of the first information within the above input bit sequence can be determined based on the size of the first information and the size of the input bit sequence.

[0014] The above encoding is performed based on polar coding, and the second information may include at least one of (i) DCI (downlink control information), (ii) UCI ​​(uplink control information), or (iii) TB (transport block) for the downlink or uplink.

[0015] The first device mentioned above may be a terminal or a base station.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed in a second device comprises receiving a signal including coded bits from a first device; and obtaining an input bit sequence including first information and second information based on the coded bits, wherein the first information includes at least one of information related to the state of the second information or information related to the encoding of the second information, the information related to the state of the second information includes information regarding the size of the second information, and the information related to the encoding of the second information may include information regarding bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence.

[0017] The second device above can decode the second information based on the first information.

[0018] The bit positions of the first information within the above input bit sequence can be determined based on a specific setting value for the size of the second information and the size of the first information.

[0019] The above specific setting value may be a maximum size value or a minimum size value set for the above second information.

[0020] The above input bit sequence is obtained through decoding for polar coding, and the second information may include at least one of (i) DCI (downlink control information), (ii) UCI ​​(uplink control information), or (iii) TB (transport block) for the downlink or uplink.

[0021] The second device mentioned above may be a terminal or a base station.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable non-transitory recording medium may be provided that records a program for performing at least one of the methods described above.

[0023] A first device according to another aspect of the present disclosure comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations by being executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations of the processor include generating first information comprising at least one of information related to the state of second information or information related to the encoding of the second information; acquiring bits coded based on the encoding of an input bit sequence containing the first information and the second information together; and transmitting a signal based on the coded bits, wherein the information related to the state of the second information includes information regarding the size of the second information, and the information related to the encoding of the second information may include information regarding bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence.

[0024] A second device according to another aspect of the present disclosure comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations by being executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations of the processor include receiving a signal comprising coded bits from a first device; and obtaining an input bit sequence comprising first information and second information based on the coded bits, wherein the first information comprises at least one of information related to the state of the second information or information related to the encoding of the second information, wherein the information related to the state of the second information comprises information regarding the size of the second information, and the information related to the encoding of the second information may comprise information regarding bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence.

[0025] According to the present disclosure, signal transmission and reception can be performed efficiently in a wireless communication system. According to one embodiment, information related to the coding of target information to be transmitted or received is provided together with the target information, thereby enabling the application of channel coding that can rapidly adapt to a time-varying wireless channel environment. Furthermore, when changing settings for channel coding, separate signaling or delays can be avoided or minimized. Additionally, according to a channel coding structure according to one embodiment, information related to the coding of target information can be determined / acquired temporally before the target information; thus, even if both are encoded / transmitted together, the target information can be correctly acquired at the receiving end.

[0026] In addition to the technical effects described above, other technical effects can be inferred from the description below.

[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary flexible network topology to which some of the examples of the present specification may be applied.

[0028] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device that can be applied to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (e.g., a base station) applicable to the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0032] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0033] FIG. 7 shows an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication to which the present disclosure applies.

[0035] FIG. 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 10 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 11 illustrates a time / frequency resource for a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0038] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0039] Figure 13 illustrates the coding chain of NR LDPC.

[0040] Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating the BG structure of 5G NR.

[0041] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a 16QAM interleaver.

[0042] Figure 16 illustrates the coding chain of a Polar code.

[0043] Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating the structure in which sub-block interleavers and rate matching of a polar code are performed.

[0044] Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating the channel interleaver of a polar code.

[0045] Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating the concept of IR (Incremental Redundancy)-polar coding.

[0046] Figure 20 is a diagram illustrating the concept of IF (Incremental Freezing)-polar coding.

[0047] Figure 21 illustrates an example of channel encoding / decoding based on a PAC code.

[0048] Figure 22 is a diagram illustrating a GCC-based polar code.

[0049] FIG. 23 illustrates the encoding process in polar code-based channel coding according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 24 is a drawing for illustrating Info-B-states according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG. 25 is a drawing for explaining the configuration of Info-A according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] FIG. 26 illustrates Info-A and Info-B mapping positions within an input bit sequence according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] FIG. 27 illustrates an example of terminal operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] FIG. 28 illustrates an example of base station operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] FIG. 29 illustrates the BLER performance of channel coding according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG. 30 illustrates a signal transmission and reception procedure between a terminal and a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0057] FIG. 31 illustrates the flow of a method performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0058] FIG. 32 illustrates the flow of a method performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0060] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in this specification may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0061] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0062] Additionally, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0063] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (ABC)," "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." For example, "control information" may include DEF as another example. In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "ABC," and "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." Also, when indicated as "control information (i.e., ABC)," "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information."

[0064] In addition, terms such as "first," "second," etc. in this specification are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another and are not used to limit the components, nor are they used to limit the order or importance of the components unless specifically limited. Accordingly, a first component in one embodiment of this specification may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and likewise, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0065] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0066] Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0067] In this specification, a terminal is a user-side device (user equipment, UE) or a consumer-side device, and may also be referred to as a first node that receives / transmits signals from / to a base station / second node / IAB node / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A terminal may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A terminal may correspond to a user-side endpoint or an intermediate point between other endpoints. In communication between two points not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a terminal may correspond to a served node. A terminal may be a fixed-location node or a non-fixed-location (or mobile) node.

[0068] In this specification, a Base Station (BS) is a device on the network side and may also be referred to as a second node / IAB node / x-NodeB (x-NodeB, where x may be an abbreviation related to Radio Access Technology (RAT)) / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A Base Station may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A Base Station may correspond to an endpoint on the network side or an intermediate point between other endpoints. In communication between two points not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a Base Station may correspond to a serving node. A Base Station may be a node with a fixed location or a node with an indefinite location.

[0069] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the terminal may transmit parameters such as capability to the base station as higher layer parameters. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via RRC (radio resource control) signaling or MAC (medium access control) signaling.

[0070] In this specification, information / state / parameters being "configured" or "pre-configured" may be interpreted as the information / state / parameters being provided / pre-provided to the terminal through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from the base station. In this specification, information / state / parameters being "defined" or "pre-defined" may be interpreted as being known or stored in advance by the base station and the terminal without signaling between the base station and the terminal.

[0071] The technology described in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0072] The technology described in this specification can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0073] <Symbols, Abbreviations, Terms>

[0074] - UL: Uplink

[0075] - DL: Downlink

[0076] - PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control CHannel

[0077] - PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control CHannel

[0078] - PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared CHannel

[0079] - PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0080] - TB: Transport Block

[0081] - CB: Code Block

[0082] - CBG: Code Block Group

[0083] - HARQ: Hybrid ARQ

[0084] - ACK: ACKnowledgement

[0085] - NACK: Negative ACKnowledgement

[0086] - RV: Redundancy Version

[0087] - DCI: Downlink Control Information

[0088] - UCI: Uplink Control Information

[0089] - IR: Incremental Redundancy

[0090] - IF: Incremental Freezing

[0091] - SC: Successive Cancelation

[0092] - SCL: Successive Cancelation List

[0093] - RE: Resource Element

[0094] - REG: Resource Element Group

[0095] - CCE: Control Channel Element

[0096] - AL: Aggregation Level

[0097] - RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0098] - Decoding order: The order in which bit values ​​are estimated by decoding when sequential decoding, such as SC or SCL decoding, is performed.

[0099] - Puncturing order: The order in which puncturing is performed first during rate matching

[0100] - Reliability order: The order in which the polarization effect is highest at the input of a polar matrix, or the order of priority in which information bits are placed.

[0101] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary flexible network topology to which some of the examples of the present specification may be applied.

[0102] To compensate for incomplete areas of network coverage, a network topology in which the Split Radio Access Network (RAN) is configured more flexibly and resiliently may be considered. To this end, various nodes such as IAB nodes, relays, and RF repeaters, as exemplified in Fig. 1, may be applied, and NTN may be integrated. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a relay may refer to any intermediate point, and in the case of a sidelink relay where a terminal functions as a relay, it may collectively refer to a terminal-to-network (U2N) relay and a terminal-to-terminal (U2U) relay. For example, an RF repeater may correspond to a node that performs simple signal amplification and forwarding functions, and in the case of a network-controlled repeater, it may adjust transmit / receive settings based on information provided by the network as well as signal amplification and forwarding. For example, an NTN node may correspond to a satellite or aircraft that provides NTN coverage that is difficult for a terrestrial network to provide. In addition to these examples, various intermediate points can be introduced to improve network topology.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 1, a split RAN can support the division of a base station into one centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DU). The CU and DU may correspond to logical units. The CU may be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Since a failure in the CU-CP affects not only the CU-UP but also the DU, various intermediate points may be introduced to compensate for this.

[0104] An intermediate point may correspond to a terminal or a base station depending on its relative relationship with other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a mobile-termination (MT) portion and a DU. The MT can connect the IAB node to a donor node. The DU of the IAB node may serve other terminals or connect to other IAB nodes to provide multi-hop wireless backhaul to terminals. In other words, an IAB node may correspond to a base station in its relative relationship with user-side nodes and to a terminal in its relative relationship with network-side nodes.

[0105] In some examples of this specification, the description of a terminal may apply equally to an intermediate point corresponding to a terminal in relation to a network-side endpoint as well as to a user-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of this specification, the description of a base station may apply equally to an intermediate point corresponding to a base station in relation to a user-side endpoint as well as to a network-side endpoint. However, in most cases where there is no additional description of the operation of three or more entities, the communication entities in this specification are briefly described by the term terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node), wherein the term terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node) is interpreted to include or replace any endpoint or any intermediate point in relation to other nodes.

[0106] That is, for the sake of brevity of description in some examples of this specification, the subject of the operation may be referred to as a base station and / or terminal (or a first node and / or a second node). Additionally, the term base station and / or terminal (or a first node and / or a second node) may be interpreted or substituted as in the following examples: for example, the base station (or the first node) and the terminal (or the second node) may correspond to a first endpoint and a second endpoint, respectively; may correspond to an endpoint and an intermediate point, respectively; may correspond to an intermediate point and an endpoint, respectively; or may correspond to a first intermediate point and a second intermediate point, respectively.

[0107] In this specification, there may be no intermediate points between the base station and the terminal, or there may be one or more. If intermediate points exist, the intermediate points may correspond to IAB nodes, relays, RF repeaters, NTN (non-terrestrial network) nodes, or nodes supporting other functions. The intermediate points may be nodes with a fixed location or nodes with an indefinite location.

[0108] FIG. 2 illustrates a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0109] The communication system (100) of FIG. 2 includes a wireless device (110), a network device (120), and a network (130). Here, the wireless device (110) refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (110) may include a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (110c), a hand-held device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (110f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (110g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (110c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (110d) may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance (110e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (110f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. The wireless device (110) may correspond to a terminal (or first node) or an intermediate point.The network device (120) may correspond to a base station (or a second node) or another intermediate point. For example, the network device (120) may also be implemented as a wireless device (110), and a specific wireless device (120a) may operate as a network device (120) to another wireless device (110).

[0110] Wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to a network (130) through a network device (120). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (110a to 110f), and the wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to an AI server (110g) through the network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. The wireless devices (110a to 110f) may communicate with each other through the network device (120) / network (130), but may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the network device (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (110b-1, 110b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Also, an IoT device (110f) (e.g., a sensor) can communicate directly with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices (110a to 110f).

[0111] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (110a to 110f) / network devices (120) and between network devices (120). Here, wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and network devices / wireless devices, and network devices and network devices can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various descriptions of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), a resource allocation process, etc.

[0112] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device that can be applied to the present disclosure.

[0113] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0114] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operations disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0115] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., functional layers such as PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource control), and SDAP (service data adaptation protocol). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one PDU (Protocol Data Unit) and / or at least one SDU (service data unit) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document.

[0116] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. At least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be included in at least one processor (202) or stored in at least one memory (204) and driven by at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0117] At least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. At least one memory (204) may be composed of ROM (read-only memory), RAM (random access memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. At least one memory (204) may be located inside and / or outside of at least one processor (202). Additionally, at least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0118] At least one transceiver (206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Additionally, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. Additionally, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document through at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., using at least one processor (202). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using at least one processor (202).To this end, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0119] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 may be referred to by other terms in terms of their function. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as the control unit, the transceiver (206) as the communication unit, and the memory (204) as the storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a part of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0120] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 can be understood as the structure of at least part of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 may be at least part of the various devices described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., robot (110a), vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), XR device (110c), portable device (110d), home appliance (110e), IoT device (110f), AI device / server (110g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, the device may include other components in addition to the components illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0121] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., audio input / output port, video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user.

[0122] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), or ship. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a drive unit comprising at least one of an engine, motor, power train, wheel, brake, and steering device of the device; a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc.; a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting; and a position measurement unit that acquires position information of the moving body through a GPS (global positioning system) and various sensors.

[0123] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a HUD (head-up display) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that acquires control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs a generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses state information, environment information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0124] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc., depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a drive unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving robot joints.

[0125] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, projector, smartphone, PC, laptop, digital broadcasting terminal, tablet PC, wearable device, set-top box (STB), radio, washing machine, refrigerator, digital signage, robot, vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that learns a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data.

[0126] The structure of the wireless device exemplified in FIG. 3 may be understood as part of a terminal (or first node), or part of an intermediate point, or part of a base station (or second node). If the device exemplified in FIG. 3 is a base station (or second node), the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communication. However, if the front haul and / or back haul communication is based on wireless communication, at least one transceiver (206) exemplified in FIG. 3 is used for front haul and / or back haul communication, and the wired transceiver may not be included.

[0127] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (e.g., a base station) applicable to the present disclosure.

[0128] The second node of FIG. 4 supports dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) and can provide connectivity to both nodes where 6G technology is implemented and nodes where pre-6G wireless communication technology (e.g., 5G, 4G) is implemented. That is, the first node of FIG. 4 may have 6G technology implemented or pre-6G wireless communication technology (e.g., 5G, 4G) implemented. Additionally, the first node and / or the second node may support full duplex mode as well as non-overlapping full duplex mode.

[0129] In FIG. 4, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the first node and the second node are assumed to be a terminal and a base station, respectively, and the operation of the terminal (110) and the base station (120) transmitting and / or receiving data, and the operation performed prior to this, are illustrated. However, the operation of FIG. 4 is not limited to the operation between the terminal and the base station, but can be interpreted as the operation between the first node and the second node. Additionally, FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of direct transmission and reception of wireless signals between the terminal (110) and the base station (120), but there may be one or more intermediate points between the terminal (110) and the base station (120), and wireless signals may be transmitted and received via one or more intermediate points.

[0130] Referring to FIG. 4, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform synchronization (401). For example, the terminal (110) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (110) can detect a synchronization signal for at least one base station connection transmitted from the base station (120) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to structure or use (e.g., a first synchronization signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal), a second synchronization signal (e.g., a secondary synchronization signal), etc.). Through this, the terminal (110) can identify the boundary of the unit (e.g., frame, subframe, slot and / or symbol) constituting the wireless signal transmission of the base station (120) and obtain information about the base station (120) (e.g., cell identifier).

[0131] The terminal (110) can obtain system information transmitted from the base station (120) (403). The system information is information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (120) required to connect to the base station (120) and use the service, and can be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc., and can be classified, for example, into first system information (e.g., MIB (master information block), primary system information), second system information (e.g., SIB (system information block), secondary system information), etc. If necessary, the terminal (110) may transmit a signal requesting system information prior to receiving the system information. However, the request and provision of system information may be performed after the random access procedure described later.

[0132] A terminal (110) and a base station (120) can perform a random access procedure (405). The terminal (110) can transmit and / or receive at least one message for a random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, RAR (random access response) message, etc.) based on information related to the channel for the random access procedure of the base station (120) obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (110) can transmit a first message (e.g., preamble, MSG1) through the channel for the random access procedure, receive a second message (e.g., RAR message, MSG2), transmit a third message (e.g., MSG3) containing information related to the terminal (110) (e.g., identification information) to the base station (120) using scheduling information included in the second message, and receive a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. As another example, the first message and the third message can be transmitted and received as a single message, or the second message and the fourth message can be transmitted and received as a single message.

[0133] The terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform signaling of control information (407). Here, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transmission channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and signaling to indicate allocated resources.

[0134] The terminal (110) and the base station (120) can transmit and / or receive data (409). In other words, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can process data based on the signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive data. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on the information bits. Conversely, when receiving data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0135] 6G System Core Technology

[0136] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity.

[0137] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, FSO backhaul network, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0138] artificial intelligence

[0139] The introduction of AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0140] The following describes a functional framework for AI / ML operations.

[0141] Below, to provide a more specific explanation of AI (or AI / ML), terms may be defined as follows.

[0142] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals, serving as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0143] - AI Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0144] - AI / ML Training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent data and acquire an AI / ML model trained for inference.

[0145] - AI / ML Inference: A process of making predictions or deriving decisions based on collected data and AI models using trained AI models.

[0146] Life Cycle Management (LCM) procedures for AI / ML models (i.e., model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, model updating, etc.) can be classified into functionality-based LCM and model-based LCM. In functionality-based LCM, AI / ML models may not be identifiable within the network, and the network can direct the activation, deactivation, fallback, or switching of AI / ML functionality. In model-ID (identifier)-based LCM, AI / ML models can be identified within the network, and the network or terminal can activate, deactivate, select, or switch AI / ML models via the model ID.

[0147] Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0148] In particular, Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture related to both Functionality-based LCM and Model-based LCM. Some functions or some data / information / command flows (i.e., arrows) illustrated in Figure 5 may be omitted.

[0149] Referring to FIG. 5, a general functional framework may be configured to include a data collection function (10), a model training function (20), a management function (30), an inference function (40), and a model storage function (50).

[0150] The Data Collection function (10) is a function that provides input data to the Model Training function (20), Management function (30), and Inference function (40). The Data Collection function (10) performs data preparation based on raw data and can provide input data processed through data preparation. Examples of raw data may include received data / measurement data from terminals or other network entities, inference / output of AI / ML models, etc. The Data Collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., terminal, network node, etc.) but may also be performed by multiple entities.

[0151] Here, training data (11) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML model training function (20). monitoring data (12) refers to data required as input for the management (30) of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. inference data (13) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML inference function (30).

[0152] The Model Training function (20) is a function that performs AI / ML model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics that can be used as part of the AI / ML model testing procedure. If necessary, the Model Training function (20) can perform data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming and transformation) based on the Training Data (11) delivered from the Data Collection function (10).

[0153] Trained / Updated Model (21): If there is a Model Storage function (50), it is used to transfer trained, validated, and tested AI / ML models to the Model Storage function (50) or to transfer updated versions of the models to the Model Storage function (50).

[0154] The Management function (30) is a function that supervises the operation of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML function. Additionally, the Management function (30) may make decisions to ensure appropriate inference operations based on data received from the Data Collection function (10) (i.e., Monitoring Data (12)) and / or data received from the Inference function (40) (i.e., Inference Output (41)).

[0155] Management Instruction (32) is information required as input to manage the Inference function (40). The relevant information may include the selection / (de)activation / switching of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML-based function, and may also include a fallback to a non-AI / ML operation (i.e., not relying on the inference process).

[0156] A Model Transfer / Delivery Request (33) can be used to request model(s) from Model Storage (50).

[0157] Performance Feedback / Retraining Request (31) refers to information required as input to Model Training function (20) (e.g., for the purpose of retraining or updating the model).

[0158] The inference function (40) is a function that provides output from the process of applying an AI / ML model or AI / ML function using data (i.e., inference data (13)) provided by the data collection (10) as input. Data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting and transformation) may also be performed based on the inference data (13) delivered by the data collection (10). If necessary, the inference function (40) may also perform data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming and transformation) based on the inference data (13) provided by the data collection function (10).

[0159] Inference Output (41) is data used in the Management function (30) to monitor the performance of an AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference Output (41) may include the inference output of an AI / ML model generated by the Inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0160] The Model Storage function (50) is a function that stores a trained / updated model that can be used to perform the Inference function (40). The Model Storage function (50) exemplified in FIG. 5 can be used as a reference point (if any) applicable to protocol termination, model transmission / delivery, and related processes. Additionally, the Model Storage function (50) is an example and is not intended to restrict the storage location of the actual AI / ML model, and may be omitted.

[0161] Model Transfer / Delivery (51) is used to transfer an AI / ML model to an inference function.

[0162] Cooperation levels can be defined as follows based on the capability of AI / ML functions among multiple nodes, and variations resulting from the combination of multiple levels or the separation of any one level are also possible.

[0163] Cat 0a) No collaboration framework: AI / ML algorithms are based on pure implementation and do not require changes to the wireless interface.

[0164] Cat 0b) This level corresponds to a framework that involves a wireless interface modified to fit efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms but without cooperation.

[0165] Cat 1) Inter-node support is involved to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, this applies when a specific node receives support from other nodes (for training, adaptation, etc.) and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0166] Cat 2) Collaborative AI / ML tasks can be performed among multiple nodes. This level requires the exchange of AI / ML model commands or network nodes.

[0167] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an overall functional framework for an AI / ML model, and all functions and / or all data / information / command signals illustrated in FIG. 5 may not be performed within a specific node, and only some may be performed.

[0168] AI / ML models can be classified into one-side models and two-side models depending on whether training and / or inference are performed on a single node or jointly / sequentially on multiple nodes.

[0169] A one-side model can refer to an AI / ML model where inference is performed entirely by a single node (e.g., a terminal or a network). Here, the training of the AI / ML model can also be performed entirely by a single node. The training and inference of the AI / ML model may be performed by the same node, or they may be performed by different nodes.

[0170] A two-side model can refer to an AI / ML model in which joint inference is performed across multiple nodes (e.g., terminals and networks). Joint inference means that inference is performed collaboratively across multiple nodes; for example, the first part of the inference may be performed by the first node, and the remainder by the second node. Two-side models can be classified into various types as follows, depending on the training method of the AI / ML model.

[0171] - First type: An AI / ML model can be trained on a single node. In this case, joint training can be performed. The trained model can then be distributed to other nodes / entities.

[0172] - Second type: Joint training of AI / ML models can be performed on multiple nodes / entities (e.g., networks and terminals). Joint training can mean that model generation (e.g., CSI generation) and model reconstruction (CSI compression by sub-use cases) are trained in the same loop for forward activation and backward gradient. In this type, joint training can include both simultaneous training (i.e., model generation training and model reconstruction training are performed simultaneously) and sequential training (i.e., model reconstruction training is performed after model generation training).

[0173] - Third Type: Separate training of AI / ML models can be performed at multiple nodes (e.g., networks and terminals). Separate training may mean that training starts sequentially at one node and continues at another node. In this case, if the first node performs the AI / ML model first and shares the training data with the second node, the second node can perform the AI / ML model using the shared training data. For example, training for the CSI generation part may be performed by the terminal, while CSI reconstruction may be performed by the network.

[0174] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0175] The operations described below may be explained / interpreted based on an AI / ML model as shown in FIG. 6 below, even without separate mention (i.e., without explicit mention of being by / based on / for an AI / ML model). Furthermore, unless specifically limited, the AI / ML model may correspond to a one-side model in which inference is performed entirely by a single node or a two-side model in which joint inference is performed by multiple nodes.

[0176] First signaling (601): In the following description, the signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node may be interpreted as the signaling or set of signaling of the first signaling (601) used to perform an operation based on an AI / ML model, even if not otherwise mentioned. For example, it may correspond to training data for training (i.e., creation and / or reconstruction) of the AI / ML model of FIG. 5, or to inference data used for inference of the AI / ML model, or to feedback for the AI / ML model. If, in this specification, signaling between nodes is not required prior to an operation based on an AI / ML model, the first signaling (601) may be omitted. In this specification, if a one-side model is used, the unidirectional / bidirectional signaling (set) in this specification may correspond to the signaling of the first signaling (601). Additionally, when a two-side model is used in the present specification, unidirectional / bidirectional signaling in the present specification may correspond to the first signaling (601), and repetitive signaling operation may also correspond to the first signaling (601).

[0177] For example, in AI / ML model-based beam management, when a base station predicts (i.e., infers) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model, the base station can receive quality / intensity information for multiple beams from the terminal. Additionally, when a terminal predicts (i.e., infers) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model, the terminal can receive multiple beams from the base station.

[0178] AI / ML model-based operation (602): In the following description, an operation (e.g., computation, selection, prediction, etc.) at a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) or a common operation (e.g., computation, selection, prediction, etc.) at multiple nodes (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602) based on one or more functions in the functional framework of the AI / ML model, even without separate mention. For example, it may correspond to the training (i.e., creation and / or reconstruction) of the AI / ML model of FIG. 5 or to the inference of the AI / ML model. When a one-side model is used, an operation performed by a single node in this specification may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602), and when a two-side model is used, a common operation performed by multiple nodes in this specification may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602).

[0179] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, a base station can predict (i.e., infer) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model by using quality / intensity information for multiple beams received from a terminal as inference data. Additionally, a terminal can measure multiple beams received from a base station and predict (i.e., infer) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model by using the measurement results as inference data.

[0180] Second signaling (603): In the following description, signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or a set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node may be interpreted as the second signaling (603) or a set of signaling generated as a result of an operation based on an AI / ML model, even without separate mention. For example, it may correspond to the output resulting from the inference of the AI / ML model of FIG. 5. If signaling between nodes is not required as a result of an operation based on an AI / ML model in this specification, the second signaling (603) may be omitted. If a one-side model is used in this specification, the unidirectional / bidirectional signaling (set) in this specification may correspond to the second signaling (603). Additionally, when a two-side model is used in this specification, unidirectional / bidirectional signaling in this specification may correspond to the second signaling (603), and repetitive signaling operation may also correspond to the second signaling (603).

[0181] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, the base station may transmit beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model as candidates to the terminal so that the terminal can determine the optimal beam. Additionally, the terminal may report the beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model to the base station to request the base station to transmit candidate beams as candidates for determining the optimal beam.

[0182] THz communication

[0183] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz–3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of the broadband, it lies at the boundary of the broadband and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0184] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques that can overcome range limitations.

[0185] Transmitting system information (i.e., information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the BS required to use the service, etc.) (e.g., MIB, SIB, etc.) in the THz frequency band can be inefficient because, in the case of high frequency bands, beam sweeping must be performed more frequently to cover the entire area of ​​the cell as the beam width becomes narrow. In particular, transmitting system information in this manner is even more inefficient when there are not many users in the cell. Accordingly, a system information transmission procedure as shown in FIG. 8 below may be used.

[0186] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication to which the present disclosure applies. Although this example is written with THz conditions in mind, it is also applicable to 6G communication environments where THz is not applied. Furthermore, the procedure exemplified in FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below may be performed based on the system information obtained by the procedure exemplified in FIG. 8.

[0187] Referring to FIG. 8, the base station can transmit system information of cell #1 through cell #2 (801). That is, the base station provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses the THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated at the higher layer and the physical layer, respectively. For example, at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated at the higher layer may include at least one of SFN, control information setting for SIB1 (e.g., PDCCH configuration for SIB1, etc.), information related to cell selection / entry (e.g., cell barring, cell re-selection, etc.), and subcarrier spacing, and at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated at the physical layer may include at least one of SFN, half frame indicator, and SSB index. However, this is merely an example, and system information may include information, status, parameters, and settings related to Cell #1 / Cell #2 generated at various types of physical layers / upper layers. To this end, as an example, Cell #1 and Cell #2 may have a secondary cell and primary cell relationship.

[0188] The UE can obtain synchronization for cell #1 (803). Synchronization can be obtained by detecting a synchronization signal. Generally, synchronization is obtained prior to receiving system information, but since the system information for cell #1 is received in cell #2, synchronization for cell #1 can be obtained after receiving system information. For example, the UE can obtain synchronization based on system information. However, unlike FIG. 8, synchronization may be obtained before step 801 according to other examples.

[0189] The UE can transmit a signal to connect to Cell #1 (805). For example, the signal may include information for connecting to Cell #1 (e.g., a random access preamble). The structure of the signal and the resources for transmitting the signal (e.g., a channel) can be identified through system information. Subsequently, the UE and the base station can perform a connection procedure to Cell #1 and perform communication (807). In this process, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0190] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 8 may be performed when the UE (801) first connects to cell #1 of the base station. Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the UE (801) handovers to cell #1 of the base station. However, in the case of a handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a different base station rather than cell #2 of the base station.

[0191] Communication in the THz band is expected to experience severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations must use very sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control along with beamforming, and the number of beams used becomes very large. Therefore, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and the terminal. In addition, if the beam alignment between the base station and the terminal is misaligned due to the movement of the terminal, time is frequently required to realign the beams, which may result in an unstable link. Accordingly, a beam management procedure as shown in Fig. 9 below may be used.

[0192] FIG. 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, but is not limited to a THz environment and is applicable to a 6G communication environment. Additionally, the procedure exemplified in FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. Here, a beam may be interpreted as 'spatial (configuration) information', 'spatial domain filter', 'spatial domain transmit filter', 'spatial domain receive filter', or / and a term having an equivalent technical meaning capable of distinguishing a beam (e.g., Reference signal, SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) Index, TRP (transmission reception point), panel, cell, TP (transmission point), base station, control resource-related information (e.g., CORESET (control resource set)-related information, etc.).

[0193] Referring to FIG. 9, the base station can configure resources for beam management (901). Here, the resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is spatially separated from existing downlink signals / channels for beam search. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port may be a port different from the port for transmitting existing downlink signals / channels (e.g., synchronization signals (e.g., SSB, etc.), data channels (e.g., PDSCH, etc.)). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. That is, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / configured for beam search may be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0194] The base station can transmit measurement signals using multiple transmission beams (903). For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams required for measurement, and may be transmitted using a multi-beam transmission method that forms multiple beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0195] The UE can transmit a feedback signal to the base station (905). The feedback signal indicates at least one beam selected by the UE. The UE can select at least one preferred beam based on the received measurement signals. The UE and the base station can perform communication (907). At this time, the UE and the base station can perform communication using the previously selected beam. If channel reciprocity is established, the UE's transmission beam can also be determined through operations 903 and 905, so the UE's transmission can also be performed using the beam selected in operation 905. If channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including the transmission of the UE's measurement signals and the transmission of the base station's feedback signal may be performed first to determine the UE's transmission beam. In operation 907, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0196] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0197] Wireless sensing is a technology that utilizes radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, and distance (range) of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to objects via devices within a network, they can provide services for determining object locations without the need for devices. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing may utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, that is, the sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks into wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0198] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 10(a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same position (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 10(b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0199] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, referring to FIG. 10(a), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in a single base station (i.e., the same base station) or a single terminal (i.e., the same terminal). Alternatively, referring to FIG. 10(b), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in different base stations, in different terminals, or in a terminal and a base station, respectively.

[0200] In this regard, based on whether the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are each included in a base station or a terminal, the following six types of sensing modes can be defined.

[0201] - Mode 1: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in a single base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in monostatic mode)

[0202] - Second mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the first base station and the sensing receiver is included in a second base station different from the first base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in bistatic mode)

[0203] - 3rd Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the base station and the sensing receiver is included in the terminal (e.g., base station-terminal sensing mode)

[0204] - 4th Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the terminal and the sensing receiver is included in the base station (e.g., terminal-base station sensing mode)

[0205] - 5th Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are contained in a single terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in monostatic mode)

[0206] - 6th mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the first terminal and the sensing receiver is included in a second terminal different from the first terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in bistatic mode)

[0207] In a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, one or more of the six types of sensing modes described above may be utilized independently or in combination.

[0208] In relation to the sensing operation in FIG. 10, the sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing signal may correspond to a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification. The sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects) from the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. In the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and sensing results may be generated / obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). The sensing result thus generated / acquired may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) provided by a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, or may be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0209] Additionally, the sensing operation in FIG. 10 is described using a representative example of operation in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network, but it can be extended and applied to cases where terminals / base stations / signals based on previous generations (e.g., 4G, 5G, etc.) networks are utilized.

[0210] Additionally, with respect to the wireless sensing described in this specification, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of this specification, time / frequency resources for sensing operations and time / frequency resources for general communication (e.g., UL / DL / sidelink-based communication, etc.) may be scheduled / configured separately.

[0211] FIG. 11 illustrates a time / frequency resource for a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0212] Referring to FIG. 11, the time / frequency resources (hereinafter, sensing resources) for the aforementioned sensing operation (e.g., sensing operation based on FIG. 10) can be set / assigned separately from the time / frequency resources (hereinafter, communication resources) for general communication.

[0213] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, sensing resources may be configured / assigned in units of symbols in the time domain and / or in units of resource blocks in the frequency domain. Resources other than those configured / assigned to the sensing resources may be utilized as resources for general communication. That is, sensing resources and communication resources may be configured / assigned based on time-division multiplexing (TDM) and / or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) methods in terms of base station / terminal operation. Additionally or alternatively, unlike that illustrated in FIG. 10, sensing resources may be configured / assigned based on other units in the time domain (e.g., slot, frame, absolute time (ms, us), etc.) and / or other units in the frequency domain (e.g., subcarrier, carrier, absolute frequency (MHz, GHz), etc.).

[0214] Additionally or alternatively, in relation to the setup / allocation / scheduling of resources for general communication described herein, it may be necessary to consider the relationship between said resources and the aforementioned sensing resources. For example, when setting / allocating resources for general communication according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, said resources may be set / allocated to rate-match or puncturing resource areas corresponding to the sensing resources. For example, when scheduling resources for general communication according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, said resources may be scheduled so as not to overlap with resource areas corresponding to the sensing resources. If resources for general communication and resource areas corresponding to the sensing resources are set / allocated / scheduled to overlap according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, either one or both operations may be dropped, skipped, or postponed based on priority, predefined rules, etc. That is, in the embodiments of this specification, resources related to general communication (e.g., resources for signals / channels related to UL / DL / Sidelink-based data / control, etc.) may be configured / assigned / scheduled so as not to overlap with the aforementioned sensing resources.

[0215] Additionally, various channel modeling methods may be applied in relation to the wireless sensing described herein. Channel modeling related to sensing may mean constructing a path for transmitting and receiving sensing signals and / or scattered / reflected signals by considering the object to be sensed and / or the environment to which the object belongs. Since channel modeling may be related to the performance / requirements of sensing in a wireless communication system, it may be an important matter for verifying the validity of the sensing function.

[0216] Channels related to sensing can be classified into channels between an object (e.g., target of interest) and a sensing transmitter / receiver, and channels between the environment to which the object belongs and a sensing transmitter / receiver. In this regard, channel modeling related to sensing can be classified based on the sensing mode (e.g., the six types of modes mentioned above), whether it is an object or an environment, and / or sensing scenarios. For example, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode, channel modeling for an environment in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, and channel modeling for an environment in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode can be optimized and configured differently. For example, when various sensing scenarios are classified, they can be divided into channel modeling for detection, location, and tracking scenarios, channel modeling for motion recognition, and channel modeling for imaging / environment reconstruction scenarios. Additionally, channel modeling related to sensing may be based on statistical channel modeling techniques and / or deterministic channel modeling techniques. For example, modeling for sensing in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of this specification may be based on stochastic geometry channel modeling techniques and / or hybrid with ray tracing channel modeling techniques. Here, the stochastic geometry channel model may be based on various statistical characteristics of the channel state. Furthermore, the hybrid channel model may be based on both ray tracing techniques and stochastic techniques.In the case of a hybrid approach, channels for objects requiring high accuracy and consistency (e.g., targets of interest) can be modeled using ray tracing techniques, while channels for the environment can be modeled using probabilistic techniques.

[0217] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0218] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, in the case of a sensing operation in which a terminal participates, the base station may need to verify (1205) the terminal's capability for the sensing operation. In this regard, the terminal may be configured to report capability information to the base station regarding whether it supports the sensing operation. Additionally, or alternatively, if the terminal is defined in advance in the specification as supporting the sensing operation, the procedure may be omitted. Furthermore, in the case of a sensing operation in which only the base station participates, the base station may be configured to report capability information regarding whether it supports the sensing operation to the entity setting / controlling its sensing operation (e.g., a network entity at the upper level / layer of the base station).

[0219] For example, a base station may perform signaling with a terminal to exchange configuration information related to a sensing operation. For example, the base station may set / instruct the terminal information regarding the mode of the sensing operation (e.g., based on the six types of modes mentioned above), the subject of the sensing operation (e.g., a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver), the resource of the sensing operation (e.g., a sensing resource as shown in FIG. 11), the target of utilization of the sensing result (e.g., a type of wireless sensing service based on a 6G network, a trusted third party), and channel modeling for sensing (e.g., a channel between the base station / terminal and an object / environment) (1210). For example, the base station may receive such information from a network entity at the upper level / layer of the base station.

[0220] For example, a base station and / or terminal may perform a sensing operation on information set / instructed (1215). For example, the base station and / or terminal may perform procedures such as transmitting a sensing signal as in FIG. 9 described above, receiving scattered / reflected signals, deriving sensing data, obtaining a sensing result through processing the sensing data, and providing the sensing result, as a role of a sensing transmitter and / or sensing receiver. For example, in the operation of the base station / terminal described in this specification, the sensing result provided through the sensing operation may be utilized.

[0221] Channel Coding

[0222] Channel coding is one of the core technologies of a wireless communication system, and it is a technology that enables the receiving end to detect and correct errors when errors occur during the process of transmitting and receiving information, and includes the encoding process of the transmitting end and the decoding process of the receiving end.

[0223] I. 5G NR Channel Coding

[0224] Various channel coding techniques have been introduced and are being used in the 5G NR standard, including LDPC for transmitting and receiving traffic channels, Polar code for transmitting and receiving control channels, and repetition, simplex, and Reed-Muller techniques to support small block lengths.

[0225] 1. NR LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) code

[0226] Figure 13 illustrates the coding chain of NR LDPC. The transport block (TB) to be transmitted by the transmitter obtains CRC bits for the purpose of detecting errors that may occur in the TB through the TB CRC (cyclic redundancy check) attachment step. If the sum of the TB CRC and the TB length is greater than the maximum Code Block Size (CB) supported by the transmitter and receiver, the TB with attached CRC is divided into multiple CBs through the segmentation step. If the segmentation step is performed, a CB CRC is added to each CB to provide error detection capability at the CB level. Subsequently, each CRC-attached CB is converted into coded bits through the LDPC encoding step. Afterward, through the rate matching step, the coded bits to be transmitted and received through the actual traffic channel are selected from the total coded bits, and the selected coded bits undergo interleaving followed by modulation.

[0227] (Segmentation and CRC attachment)

[0228] Considering efficient operation in the LDPC encoder and decoder, a segmentation process may be included to generate multiple CBs by dividing the bit sequence length of a TB into equal parts when the length is long. The application of segmentation is determined by the length of the bit sequence, and K, which is the maximum CB length supported depending on the selected base graph (BG), is used. cb Based on K cb Segmentation is performed for TBs of longer length. (i.e., K cb =8448 for BG-1, K cb =3840 for BG-2)

[0229] To support error detection in the decoder, CRC attachment is performed before LDPC encoding. By default, CRC attachment is performed based on TB, and if the segmentation process is performed and the TB is divided into two or more CBs, an additional CRC attachment process is performed on each CB.

[0230] (LDPC Encoding)

[0231] According to 3GPP TS 38.212, the base graph (BG) of 5G NR LDPC coding is structured, and the parity check matrix can efficiently support HARQ and rate compatibility. Due to these characteristics of the base graph, it is possible to flexibly support a wide range of transmitted information bits by applying various code rates.

[0232] (Base graph of 5G NR LDPC coding)

[0233] 3GPP TS 38.212 defines two types of base graphs (BG), referred to as BG-1 and BG-2, respectively. The use of these BGs is determined by the required information bit size and code rate. BG-1 has 46 rows and 68 columns (e.g., A+E+O=68), and the information block size is K = 22Zc. On the other hand, BG-2 has 42 rows and 52 columns, with K = 10Zc. Here, Zc represents the size of the lifting matrix, and Table 1 shows the set of lifting sizes defined in 5G NR.

[0234] [Table 1]

[0235]

[0236] Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating the BG structure of 5G NR.

[0237] Referring to Fig. 14, the columns consist of information columns, core parity columns, and extension parity columns. The rows are divided into core-check rows and extension-check rows.

[0238] Both BG-1 and BG-2 have the same block structure.

[0239] Table 2 illustrates the structures of BG-1 and BG-2 for lifting size 4.

[0240] [Table 2]

[0241]

[0242] Submatrix E is a dual diagonal matrix advantageous for low-complexity encoding of 5G NR LDPC. As shown in Table 1, 51 lifting sizes are defined for each BG, ranging from 2 to 384.

[0243] According to the LDPC encoding procedure, 66Zc (for BG-1) coded bits (e.g., 22Zc*3) and 50Zc (for BG-2) coded bits (e.g., 10Zc*5) are generated. In BG-1 and BG-2, the coded bits are output in the order of systematic bits, core parity bits, and extended parity bits.

[0244] (Rate matching)

[0245] N coded bits generated according to the LDPC encoding procedure are subjected to a rate matching process to select G coded bits in order to match the size of the resources allocated to the transport block transmission and the modulation order. The coded bits generated for the rate matching process are stored in a circular buffer, and the initial bit location of the coded bits to be transmitted is selected based on the redundancy version (RV) index of the HARQ.

[0246] Table 3 shows the starting positions of different RVs (redundancy versions).

[0247] [Table 3]

[0248]

[0249] (Interleaving)

[0250] In high-order QAM modulation schemes of 16QAM (order 4) or higher, the transmission reliability for each bit of the n-bit tuple that determines the QAM symbol varies depending on the bit position. Generally, Gray mapping is applied so that the MSB has higher reliability than the LSB.

[0251] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a 16QAM interleaver. The interleaver of FIG. 15 may be for LDPC.

[0252] Referring to Fig. 15, in the case of 16QAM modulation, LDPC codeword code bits are written row by row starting from row 1, and the output of the block interleaver is read column by column starting from the left column and transmitted after 16QAM modulation. Therefore, the code bits mapped to row 1&2 are located at the MSB of the 4-bit tuple that determines the 16QAM symbol, and are transmitted more reliably from the QAM symbol of the Gray mapping. This operation enables systematic bits with higher priority among the LDPC code bits to be transmitted more reliably.

[0253] (Layer mapping in 5G NR)

[0254] In MIMO 2 codeword transmission, each layer is divided into two sets, and data is transmitted via an independent MCS for each set. That is, a separate TB is allocated for each layer set, and independent codewords are transmitted for each layer set after channel encoding. Table 4 shows the codeword-to-layer mapping relationship, where a single codeword is transmitted for ranks below 4. In this case, modulation symbols are mapped alternately across each layer to maximize diversity gain.

[0255] [Table 4]

[0256]

[0257] (Modulation mapper)

[0258] In the case of QPSK modulation, a pair of bits is mapped to a modulation symbol of a complex value according to Equation 1.

[0259] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0260]

[0261] In the case of 16QAM modulation, a quadruple of bits is mapped to a modulation symbol of a complex value according to Equation 2.

[0262] [Mathematical Formula 2]

[0263]

[0264] In the case of 64QAM modulation, a hextuplet of bits is mapped to a modulation symbol of a complex value according to Equation 3.

[0265] [Mathematical Formula 3]

[0266]

[0267] Here, even-numbered input bits are mapped to the in-phase channel and odd-numbered input bits are mapped to the quadrature channel. In 16QAM modulation, b(4i) and b(4i+1) are transmitted more reliably in the I-channel and Q-channel, respectively, than b(4i+2) and b(4i+3).

[0268] 2. NR Polar code

[0269] Figure 16 illustrates the coding chain of the NR Polar code.

[0270] The coding chain of the polar code has slight differences depending on whether the transmission and reception are UL or DL.

[0271] Referring to Fig. 16 (a), for UL, segmentation of the uncoded input bit sequence may be considered first, and each segmented bit sequence performs a CRC attachment step. Additionally, for UL, a process of adding a parity check bit may be added depending on the conditions. Subsequently, the CRC-attached bit sequence is converted into a coded bit through a polar encoding process. The generated coded bits are selected as coded bits to be transmitted and received through a sub-block interleaver and rate matching step, and the selected coded bits undergo interleaving followed by modulation.

[0272] Referring to Fig. 16 (b), in the case of DL, segmentation of the uncoded input bit sequence is not supported, and the CRC attachment step is performed immediately. Subsequently, the CRC attached bit sequence forms a distributed CRC structure through the input bit interleaver step. Then, the CRC attached bit sequence of the distributed CRC structure is converted into coded bits through a polar encoding process. The generated coded bits are selected as coded bits to be transmitted and received through the sub-block interleaver and rate matching steps, and modulation is performed on the selected coded bits.

[0273] (Segmentation, CRC attachment and input bit interleaver)

[0274] When polar codes are applied in UL transmission and reception, a segmentation process may be included to divide the uncoded input bit sequence length into equal parts when the length is long, considering the efficient operation of the encoder and decoder. The application of segmentation is determined by the length of the bit sequence and can be segmented into up to two CBs.

[0275] The CRC attachment process applies to both UL and DL, but there are some differences in operation.

[0276] In UL, an 11-bit or 6-bit CRC can be selected and applied depending on the length of the information. Additionally, in the case of UL, parity check bits may be added, and the number and structure of the added parity check bits are determined by the size of the information and the length of the rate matching output bit sequence.

[0277] In DL, a 24-bit CRC is always applied regardless of the information length, and a distributed CRC structure is used to distribute the CRC positions, which is advantageous for the effects of early decoding termination or list pruning. The input bit interelaver patterns defined in TS 38.212 are as shown in Table 5. In Table 5, Π IL max (m) Indices corresponding to values ​​from 140 to 163 (e.g., m=65, 106, 127, 137, 141, 143, 145, 147-163) represent the locations where the CRC is placed, and other locations represent the locations of the information bits.

[0278] [Table 5]

[0279]

[0280] (Polar encoding)

[0281] The matrix used for polar encoding of an input bit sequence in a polar code (hereinafter referred to as the encoding matrix or mother code matrix) has the form of a Kronecker power for a matrix (hereinafter referred to as the kernel matrix) as shown in Equation 4.

[0282] [Mathematical Formula 4]

[0283]

[0284] For example, when the input bit sequence of a polar encoder is u, the coded bit sequence x can be expressed as shown in Equation 5 below.

[0285] [Mathematical Formula 5]

[0286]

[0287] In mathematical equation 5, G^(ⓧn) represents n operations of Kronecker power on the kernel matrix G, and x is the 2 generated through that operation n *2 n It refers to an encoding matrix of size.

[0288] The matrix in Equation 6 below shows an example of a polar encoding matrix generated when n = 4.

[0289] [Mathematical Formula 6]

[0290]

[0291] The size of the data to be transmitted including the CRC bit (e.g., size of unencoded information bits) is K (<2 n In the case of ), 2 n An input bit sequence u of length consists of K information bits and 2 n It consists of K frozen bits. The method for selecting the position of the information bit within the input bit sequence considers the following factors based on the NR standard.

[0292] - Reliability: To improve decoding performance, the location of information bits is determined by prioritizing bits with relatively high reliability. In 5G NR polar codes, a polar sequence with a nested structure is defined, and a reliability order is defined for each index of the polar sequence, and the location of information bits is determined based on this.

[0293] - Pre-freezing: The positions of input bits corresponding to the indices of coded bits that are not transmitted due to puncturing or shortening are predetermined as frozen bits and are determined not to be selected as information according to reliability conditions.

[0294] - Extra-freezing: Only when puncturing is used for rate matching, some bits are predetermined as frozen bits in the order of decoding and are not selected as information according to reliability conditions.

[0295] - Parity bit: In the case where the position of the parity bit is determined first in the UL situation, the positions of the bits used as parity bits are predetermined as frozen bits and are set so that they are not selected as information according to the reliability condition.

[0296] (Sub-block interleaver and rate matching)

[0297] To overcome the limitations of the restricted mother code size supported by polar encoding matrices, the NR standard supports rate matching techniques of puncturing, shortening, and repetition. (In this specification, mother code size may be substituted for the input bit sequence size.)

[0298] For efficient rate matching, sub-block interleaving is applied prior to rate matching, reordering the polar-encoded coded bits according to the order in which rate matching is applied. In sub-block interleaving, the coded bits are sequentially divided into 32 sub-blocks, and the order of the coded bits is rearranged for each sub-block according to the sub-block interleaver pattern. Table 6 shows the sub-block interleaver patterns defined in the NR standard, and based on Table 6, d0, ... d according to the rule of Equation 7 below N-1 The result y0, ..., y when the coded bits of are the input N-1 This is generated

[0299] [Mathematical Formula 7]

[0300]

[0301] [Table 6]

[0302]

[0303] After sub-block interleaving is performed, during the rate matching stage, one of the techniques—puncturing, shortening, or repetition—is applied depending on the size of the rate matching output bit, which is determined by the size of the encoded coded bits, the number of REs used for transmission and reception, and the modulation order. Where K is the size of the data to be transmitted and N is the size of the mother code used for polar encoding (=2 n ), and when the size of the rate matching output bit sequence is E, the criteria for selecting one of the rate matching techniques are defined in the NR standard as follows.

[0304] - If E≥N: Repetition, The first EN bits are transmitted once again

[0305] - Else if K / E≤7 / 16: Puncturing, The first NE bits are not transmitted

[0306] - Else: Shortening, The last NE bits are not transmitted

[0307] The criteria for selecting the above bits follow the puncturing order, which refers to the order of the output bit sequence of the sub-block interleaver. Figure 17 is an example schematically showing the structure in which sub-block interleaver and rate matching are performed.

[0308] (Channel interleaver)

[0309] In the UL of the NR standard, the channel interleaver step is performed after rate matching to improve performance in high-order modulation (e.g., 16QAM) situations. The interleaver applied to polar codes supports a triangular bit interleaving method to form a random-like spreading structure. T, the size of the triangle for the operation of the interleaver, is determined as the smallest integer satisfying T(T+1) / 2≥E, and after mapping the interleaver input bits row-wise with a structure as shown in Fig. 18, the interleaver output bits are selected column-wise.

[0310] 3. Channel coding of small block lengths

[0311] In the NR standard, separate channel coding techniques are used to support transmission of 12 bits or less. When channel coding is applied to support small block lengths, CRC is not used.

[0312] Repetition code is used as a coding technique to transmit 1 bit of data, and it operates in a structure where the same data is repeated according to the modulation order.

[0313] Simplex code is used as a coding technique for transmitting 2 bits of data. It operates in a structure where, when the 2 bits of information are c0 and c1, c2 = (c0 + c1) mod 2 is generated and c0, c1, and c2 are transmitted repeatedly according to the modulation order.

[0314] The Reed-Muller code is used as a coding technique to transmit 3 to 11 bits of data, and a 32-bit output sequence is generated as the result of encoding. Specifically, for i=0, ..., 31, the output sequence d0, ..., d 31 is determined based on mathematical formula 8.

[0315] [Mathematical Formula 8]

[0316]

[0317] In mathematical equation 8, K is the size of the data bits and c0, ..., c K-1 refers to the sequence of data bits input into the Reed-Muller code encoder. Additionally, M used in the NR standard. i,k The value of is defined as in Table 7.

[0318] [Table 7]

[0319]

[0320] II. Channel coding candidates for 6G

[0321] 1. Polar code and HARQ process

[0322] In wireless communication systems, the operation of retransmitting the same data can be supported to prepare for failures in data transmission and reception caused by a single transmission. At this time, various techniques can be used to improve decoding performance by increasing efficiency from a channel coding perspective during the retransmission process. Recent research trends to support the retransmission operation of polar codes include the Chase Combining perspective (hereinafter CC-polar), the Incremental Redundancy perspective (hereinafter IR-polar), and the Incremental Freezing perspective (IF-polar).

[0323] CC-polar

[0324] Chase combining is a technique that retransmits the coded bits of the channel where an error occurred, which can be viewed as similar to a form of repeated transmission where each transmission is identical. The CC-polar method provides a transmission and reception form in which the receiver can perform maximum-ration combining (MRC) through repeated transmission, and also offers advantages in that the complexity of the transmitter and receiver can be relatively low.

[0325] IR-polar

[0326] Incremental Redundancy is a technique that enables retransmissions that increase the gain of channel coding with each retransmission, and supports the combination of each coded bit transmitted and received over multiple retransmissions to form a long coded bit. This can be viewed as a structure in which some punctuated coded bits are transmitted and received differently for each retransmission based on the total coded bits, and this can be seen as different Redundancy Versions (RVs).

[0327] As a representative structure of IR-polar, the mother code size increases by a power of 2 (e.g., the size of the input bit sequence of the encoding matrix, or the Kronecker Power 2 for generating the encoding matrix). n There is a method for generating coded bits that considers ). If the initial transmission is 2 n If encoding is performed considering the mother code size, 2 in the retransmission step n+1 This is a method of generating additional coded bits considering the size of the mother code and transmitting and receiving them. In this case, 2 n+1The coded bits of the size are the previously transmitted and received 2 n It can be viewed as a relationship involving coded bits of a certain size, and this is a method that utilizes the characteristic that the polar encoder matrix takes the form of Kronecker power. If the mother code size doubles, the most reliable bit position can be newly determined from the perspective of the encoder input bits (e.g., an input bit sequence of doubled length), and in particular, the newly added 2 n More reliable bit locations may arise at the position of a sub-block of a certain size. Considering this, IR-polar structures may be considered in which some bits with low reliability among the information bit positions selected based on the previous mother code size are copied to newly selected information bit positions based on a higher mother code size. These newly selected bits possess a faster decoding order and higher reliability in structures where sequential decoding is performed, such as SC / SCL (Successive Cancellation / Successive Cancellation List) decoding. Consequently, in the case of retransmission in an IR-polar structure, the mother code size increases while the information size remains fixed, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the code rate.

[0328] Figure 19 illustrates an example of an IR-polar structure. In Figure 19, when only the 1st code block is transmitted or received, the receiver can perform decoding corresponding to the 1st info block, and the code rate is shown as 5 / 8 (e.g., K=10, N=16). If the 2nd code block is transmitted or received after the 1st code block, the receiver can perform decoding corresponding to both the 1st info block and the 2nd info block; in this case, since 3 bits are information copied from the previous info block, the actual code rate is reduced to 5 / 16 (e.g., K=10, N=32). By the same process, when the 3rd code block and the 4th code block are transmitted or received, the actual code rate can be reduced to 5 / 32 by utilizing the characteristics of the copied bits (e.g., K=10, N=64).

[0329] IF-polar

[0330] The IF-polar technique is a method in which, when the size of the information bits in the initial transmission is K, only a portion of K is applied to the coded bits during the retransmission phase and the bits are transmitted and received. From the perspective of the receiver, if the decoding of the coded bits transmitted and received during the retransmission phase is successful, the successful result is utilized for the decoding of other coded bits, thereby improving the coding gain. In the case of information transmitted and received during retransmission that is successfully decoded, the same information bits transmitted and received in the previous transmission can be treated as frozen bits, which consequently results in a reduction of the code rate.

[0331] FIG. 20 schematically illustrates an example of the arrangement of information bits used to generate each transmitted and received coded bit when IF-polar is applied. In the example of FIG. 20, a total of 9 information bits are encoded and transmitted / received during the initial transmission stage, and in subsequent retransmission stages, only some of the 9 information bits are encoded and transmitted / received. In this case, the information bits included in the retransmission transmission / reception can be selected from positions with relatively low reliability among the previously transmitted / received information bits, which can guarantee greater gains from the perspective of polar decoding. If three transmissions / receptions are performed as in the example of the figure, and the terminal succeeds in decoding the information during the 3rd transmission stage, the terminal uses the successfully decoded information (7, 8 in FIG. 20) to perform decoding of the 2nd transmitted coded bits, and if this is successful, the terminal can use those information (4, 5, 7, 8 in FIG. 20) to perform decoding of the initial transmission.

[0332] 2. Extension of Polar code

[0333] PAC (Polarization-adjusted convolutional) Code

[0334] PAC code is one of the concatenation schemes of polar code and is known to exhibit advantageous performance within a limited length (Incorporated by a reference: E. Arıkan, “From sequential decoding to channel polarization and back again,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.09594, 2019). The basic structure of PAC is to apply a convolutional pre-transform process to uncoded bits prior to performing polar encoding.

[0335] Figure 21 illustrates an example of a transmission and reception process (channel coding) based on a PAC code. In the process of Figure 21, the first step, rate profiling, involves converting the input information bit into an N-bit vector; this operation can be viewed as similar to the method used to determine the position of the information bit in conventional polar codes. The rate-profiled output vector undergoes a polar transform process in which operations on the polar encoding matrix are performed after the convolutional encoding process is executed. The coded bit generated through the above process passes through the channel and is received by the receiver. The receiver can detect an N-bit sequence to which rate profiling has been applied through a decoding process of the received coded bit, and the process of acquiring the original information based on the form of the rate profiling is finally performed.

[0336] GCC (Generalized Concatenated Code) based on polar code

[0337] GCC refers to a code that combines multiple outer codes through a single inner code, wherein the multiple outer codes are allowed to have the same length and different dimensions. Polar codes can be viewed as a type of GCC-family code considering the structural characteristics that cause polarization effects. Furthermore, a modified application may be used by extending the basic polar code structure (e.g., a structure that expands a single base kernel matrix into the form of Kronecker power) to a structure where coded bits from different outer codes are expanded using the polar code structure as an inner code (Incorporated by a reference: P. Trifonov, "Efficient design and decoding of polar codes," IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 3221-3227, Nov. 2012).

[0338] Figure 22 is a diagram illustrating a GCC-based polar code.

[0339] In the example of Fig. 22, four outer codes are used, and the input vectors of each outer code, u'1, u'2, u'3, and u'4, have dimensions of K1, K2, K3, and K4, respectively, and their values ​​may be the same or different. The outer coded bits, which are the outer vectors of each outer code, have the same dimension. Subsequently, the generated outer coded bits undergo a polar encoding process based on the kernel matrix form of the polar code.

[0340] In the basic form of polar code, the application of an outer code structure other than a polar kernel matrix to the outer code portion can be designed differently depending on the objective, such as improving decoding success performance or reducing decoding complexity.

[0341] Encoding / decoding based on flag bit information

[0342] Channel coding involves the operation of encoding a signal at the transmitting end and decoding the original signal from the encoded signal at the receiving end so that error detection and / or error correction can be performed at the receiving end during transmission and reception over a channel. To support such encoding / decoding in channel coding, the receiving end must accurately recognize the encoding structure used by the transmitting end and perform decoding based on it. For example, conventional methods can support a common understanding of the encoding structure between the transmitting and receiving ends by following rules agreed upon in advance between the transmitting and receiving ends, by a control unit such as a base station pre-configuring the terminal, or by a control unit such as a base station dynamically instructing the terminal with separate information. In this case, information regarding the encoding structure may include the applicable channel coding technique (e.g., LDPC, Polar code, Turbo code, TBCC, etc.), the method of generating the encoding input sequence, and the payload size and / or rate matching method.

[0343] In the 5G NR standard, polar codes were introduced and used for the transmission and reception of UL / DL control channels. To perform transmission and reception using polar codes, the base station can set and instruct the terminal regarding information related to payload size and rate matching, and the base station and the terminal perform encoding and decoding based on this information.

[0344] In existing transmission and reception techniques applied and studied in 3GPP standards, information for encoding / decoding at the transmitting and receiving ends must be set or indicated before encoding / decoding is performed. In existing wireless communication systems such as 5G NR standards, a method is used in which information required for decoding is set or indicated before the receiving end receives the channel to be decoded (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH, PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0345] These existing operations may limit the degrees of freedom in applying appropriate scheduling, the necessity of which may vary depending on the situation. If one wishes to support changes to such scheduling information, it may result in increased signaling overhead and increased latency required for changing scheduling information.

[0346] For example, in existing wireless communication systems such as 5G NR, the size of the payload included in the DCI is pre-set by RRC, which enforces the selection of an AL (Aggregation Level) suitable for the coverage. Furthermore, instantaneous changes to the DCI payload to send less unnecessary information or more information depending on the situation are not supported. If necessary, the base station can adjust the size of the DCI payload using an RRC signal, but this causes RRC signaling overhead and results in a delay for setting and applying it.

[0347] For example, in existing wireless communication systems such as 5G NR, in a CG (Configured Grant) PUSCH transmission pre-configured by RRC, the size of the payload once set by RRC is fixed and used, and even if the payload size that the terminal actually intends to send varies, changes in the code rate to take this into account are not allowed.

[0348] The present specification proposes a method and apparatus that can be applied when SC (Successive Cancellation) / SCL (Successive Cancellation List) based decoding or sequential decoding is used in next-generation wireless communication systems, including 6G, by improving upon the above-mentioned problems. The proposed method includes a method and apparatus for obtaining at least a portion of the information required for decoding during the decoding stage at the receiving end, and to support this, includes a method and apparatus for the transmitting end to reflect at least a portion of the information required for decoding during the encoding stage.

[0349] The proposed method can provide benefits in that it improves the flexibility of the transmission method of the transmitting end and reduces potential latency and signaling overhead by providing at least some of the information necessary for decoding the transmission and reception of a specific channel together with the channel, thereby enabling the transmitting end to select an appropriate scheduling method depending on the situation and simultaneously enabling the receiving end to acquire it along with reception of the target channel.

[0350] In the following specification, the main concepts of the proposed methods are explained based on polar codes, but they can also be applied to other channel coding techniques that have a structure in which information is decoded sequentially, such as sequential decoding or successive cancellation decoding, during the decoding process.

[0351] Unless otherwise noted, the proposed methods are described based on SC or SCL decoding. However, the proposed methods are not limited to SC or SCL decoding and may also be applicable to other decoding methods where decoding of specific or partial information can be performed relatively faster than that of other information.

[0352] To illustrate the specific forms in which the proposed methods are applied, some specific embodiments to which the proposed methods are applied are described below, but they can also be applied to other transmission and reception structures and forms.

[0353] The following description explains the terms and operating principles of the system based on a 6G wireless communication system. However, the proposed method is not limited to this and may be applied to other wireless communication systems.

[0354] The present disclosure proposes a method for transmitting and receiving information (hereinafter "Info-B") to be transmitted and received, along with information related to the channel coding applied to Info-B (hereinafter "Info-A"), on a wireless communication system where channel coding such as polar code is applied. In this case, there exists a 'basic' state (hereinafter "Baseline-Info-B-state") in which Info-B is transmitted and received, and the Baseline-Info-B-state may be pre-agreed upon so that both the transmitting and receiving ends are aware of it, or may be set / instructed by a specific node. Info-B may be transmitted and received based on the state of the Baseline-Info-B-state, or it may be transmitted and received with a state different therefrom. For convenience, the 'actual' state of the transmitted and received Info-B is referred to as the "Actual-Info-B-state" below, and the proposed methods are described.

[0355] At this time, the above Info-A and Info-B are encoded together at the transmitting end, and the above Info-A and Info-B can be decoded together at the receiving end. This means that at least one coded bit generated through encoding is generated using both Info-A and Info-B, and also means that information about both Info-A and Info-B can be obtained through decoding the generated coded bit.

[0356] In the process of encoding, the form in which channel coding is applied to Info-B is determined based on a specific rule (hereinafter, "Rule-B"), and the form in which channel coding is applied to Info-A is determined based on another specific rule (hereinafter, "Rule-A"). In the case of a polar code, the above Rule-A and Rule-B may refer to rules for arranging Info-A and Info-B, such as a structure in which the positions of information bits and frozen bits are selected on an input bit sequence input to an operation on a polar encoding matrix.

[0357] Rule-A is a rule determined based on the Baseline-Info-B-state from the perspective of the receiving end when the transmission of Info-B is determined, and Rule-B may be a rule determined based on the Baseline-Info-B-state and / or Actual-Info-B-state.

[0358] Info-A may contain all or part of the information of the Actual-Info-B-state and / or Rule-B.

[0359] The information in Info-A can be viewed as a flag bit(s) that indicates the form of information in which encoding has been performed from an encoding perspective, and from a decoding perspective, it can be viewed as a flag bit(s) that allows the receiver to determine the information required for decoding.

[0360] FIG. 23 illustrates an encoding process in polar code-based channel coding according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. When Info-B (FG 102), which is information of size K_B to be transmitted, exists, Info-A (FG 101), which is information of size K_A, can be determined based on the Actual-Info-B-state, which is the state in which Info-B is transmitted and received. Info-A and Info-B are input to an input bit sequence generation step (FG 103), where Rule-A and Rule-B are applied to Info-A and Info-B, respectively, to generate an input bit sequence of size N, Seq-I (FG 104). The generated input bit sequence Seq-I undergoes an operation process (FG 105) on a polar encoding matrix of size N×N, and as a result, a coded bit of size N, Seq-O (FG 106), is generated. The described series of processes is an example to explain the concept of the proposed method, and the proposed method can also be applied to the implementation of other structures in which Info-A and Info-B can generate coded bits based on Rule-A and Rule-B, respectively.

[0361] Info-B and Info-B-state

[0362] Info-B refers to information intended for transmission and reception between the transmitting and receiving ends. For example, in the case of a control channel, Info-B may be DCI information included in the PDCCH. Alternatively, Info-B may be UCI information transmitted via PUCCH or PUSCH. As another example, in the case of a traffic channel, data included in the PDSCH or PUSCH, such as TB (Transport Block) and / or CB (Coded Block), may correspond to Info-B.

[0363] In this disclosure, a situation is considered in which the transmitted and received state (Info-B-state) of Info-B varies depending on the amount and configuration of information to be transmitted, and in the proposed method, there may be one or more Info-B-states for a specific Info-B. For example, the amount of information (e.g., number of bits) of the transmitted and received Info-B may vary depending on the purpose and situation, and / or the type of information included in the Info-B may be configured differently depending on the purpose and situation, and methods to support this are proposed.

[0364] At least one of the one or more Info-B-states may be designated as the basic Info-B state assumed between the transmitting end and the receiving end, and for convenience, this is referred to as the Baseline-Info-B-state. The Baseline-Info-B-state may include a specific size of the amount of Info-B information that can be transmitted and received, and / or may include a specific combination of the types of information constituting the Info-B. For example, if the Info-B-state includes the size of the amount of information, the maximum amount of information that can be included in the Info-B may be designated as the Baseline-Info-B-state. Additionally, if the Info-B-state includes the types of information constituting the Info-B, one of the combinations of information that can be included in the Info-B may be designated as the Baseline-Info-B-state. As a characteristic example, if the total amount of information derived from the combinations of constitutable information differs, the Info-B-state having the largest amount of information among the combinations of constitutable information may be designated as the Baseline-Info-B-state.

[0365] When actual transmission and reception are performed, the transmitting end may select one of one or more Info-B-states to perform operations necessary for transmission, and the receiving end may assume that one of one or more Info-B-states has been selected and perform operations necessary for reception. At this time, the Info-B-state selected for actual transmission and reception is referred to as the Actual-Info-B-state for convenience. The Actual-Info-B-state may include a specific size of the amount of Info-B information that can be transmitted and received, and / or may include a specific combination of the types of information constituting the Info-B.

[0366] FIG. 24 schematically illustrates examples in which multiple Info-B-states with different amounts of information and configurations of Info-B are formed by applying the proposed method. In FIG. 24, blocks indicated by different shades represent information that can be distinguished from one another, and the length of the horizontal axis of each block represents the amount of information of each piece of information.

[0367] (a) The example in Case 1 shows an example where the type of information constituting Info-B is single (FG 211), but the Info-B-state is divided into 1A and 1B depending on its size.

[0368] (b) The example in Case 2 shows an example where there are multiple types of information that can constitute Info-B, some of which are included for both Info-B-state 2A and 2B (FG 221), and the remaining information (FG 222) is determined by whether Info-B-state is 2A or 2B.

[0369] (c) The example of Case 3 shows an example in which there are multiple types of information that can constitute Info-B, some of which are information with a fixed size for both Info-B-state 3A and 3B (FG 231), and the rest are information whose size can change depending on whether Info-B-state is 3A or 3B (FG 232, FG 233).

[0370] (d) The example in Case 4 shows an example where there are multiple types of information that can constitute Info-B (FG 241, FG 242, FG 243, FG 244) and the configuration in which the types of information are combined varies depending on each info-B-state.

[0371] In the examples of FIG. 24, the Info-B-state used for actual transmission is the Actual-Info-B-state, and in Case 1, Case 2, Case 3, and Case 4, Info-B-state 1A, Info-B-state 2A, Info-B-state 3A, and Info-B-state 4A, respectively, may be Baseline-Info-B-states. The distinction between the Info-B structure and Info-B-states in FIG. 24 is merely an example to explain the concept to which the proposed method is applied, and the concept of the proposed method can also be applied to other forms that can be distinguished as Info-B-states through a combination of the amount of information in Info-B and the types of information constituting it.

[0372] The method of transmitting and receiving by applying different Info-B-states depending on the amount and composition of the information to be transmitted, as proposed above, provides an advantageous effect for adaptively applying the information when the actual amount and / or type of information to be transmitted may change over time. In addition, by selecting an appropriate transmission and reception method according to the characteristics of the wireless channel environment, it provides an advantageous effect in that it allows for the transmission of more information or increases wireless resource efficiency when the wireless channel environment is good, and conversely, provides an opportunity to increase the probability of successful decoding when the wireless channel environment is poor.

[0373] Info-A

[0374] Info-A may refer to information containing all or part of the information regarding the Actual-Info-B-state and / or Rule-B. Additionally, we propose a structure in which Info-A is encoded together with Info-B and transmitted and received through the same physical channel (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH, PDSCH, or PUSCH).

[0375] Info-A is K greater than or equal to 1 bit A It can include information represented by bits. In this case, Info-A is 2 KAIt can express up to 10 distinct pieces of information. In this case, the distinguishable information that can be expressed by the above Info-A may follow a pre-agreed definition or be determined based on information pre-set / instructed by the base station. For example, if Info-A includes information for selecting one of X Info-B-state(s), the state of Info-B represented by the X Info-B-state(s) is defined in a standard or pre-set / instructed by the base station, and within the interval where the above definition or setting / instruction is valid, one of the above Info-B-state(s) may be designated as the Actual-Info-B-state, and Info-A may express information regarding the determined or selected Actual-Info-B-state (e.g., index of Info-B-state). For example, in the example of Fig. 24, in the examples of Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, K A = 1 bit of information can be included in Info-A as information indicating one of the two Info-B-states, and in the example of Case 4, K A = 2 bits of information can be included in Info-A as information indicating one of the four Info-B-states.

[0376] The information contained in Info-A can be expressed as a combination of bits constituting Info-A. For example, if Info-A consists of 2 bits, information of up to 4 states can be expressed through '00', '01', '10', and '11'. Alternatively, the information contained in Info-A can be expressed through the position of the information bit where Info-A is placed. For example, if Info-A consists of N bits, one (or more) of the bit sequences that can be represented by N bits can be designated as Info-A, and the desired information can be expressed according to the position where the bit sequence of the above Info-A is placed on the input bit sequence from the encoder's perspective. One or more methods may be used in combination to express information through the above Info-A.

[0377] The configuration of Info-A includes K AIn addition to the information represented by bits, redundancy and / or parity bit information may be additionally included. This can be viewed as a structure where additional channel coding is applied to Info-A in the form of outer coding. For example, a repetition code structure in which the same information bit is repeated can be used as the additional channel coding applied to Info-A. This can be particularly advantageous in terms of complexity and performance when the amount of information provided through Info-A is small (e.g., 1 bit). As another example, when the amount of information in Info-A is 2 bits or more, the additional channel coding applied to Info-A may include parity bits and / or CRC resulting from bit flipping operations. This can be advantageous in that it increases the efficiency of the code rate to prevent excessive overhead when the amount of information provided through Info-A is large, while in the case of CRC, it can increase the detection probability for multi-bit errors that may occur in Info-A. The application of additional channel coding to Info-A offers the advantage of increasing the reliability of the decoding results of Info-A, which can increase the reliability of the Actual-Info-B-state, which is the information provided by Info-A, and / or the determination results of Rule-B. In particular, the larger the total amount of information transmitted and received, especially the amount of total information that can be included in Info-B, the more advantageous it may be to improve decoding performance through a method that includes additional redundancy and / or parity bits along with the information of Info-A.

[0378] Figure 25 schematically illustrates an example of Info-A being constructed by applying the proposed method. In the example of Figure 25, a situation is considered where the Info-B-state is divided into two states based on the actual size of the transmitted Info-B (FG 301), and the process of determining the bit information of Info-A according to the Active-Info-B-state actually applied among the two Info-B-states is shown (FG 302). If no separate channel coding is applied to Info-A, the Info-A determined in step FG 302 can have channel coding applied together with Info-B based on Rule-A. If separate (additional) channel coding is applied to Info-A, an additional step such as FG 303 is included to generate Info-A in a coded form. The example in Figure 25 shows an example where a repetition code is applied to 1-bit Info-A information. FIG. 25 is an example to explain the concept of the process of configuring Info-A, and the proposed method may be applied in other forms of implementations where Info-A is selected based on Actual-Info-B-state and / or Rule-B and includes (or does not include) additional channel coding.

[0379] In the case where all or part of the information regarding the Actual-Info-B-state and / or Rule-B is provided through Info-A as in the proposed method above, since information regarding the actual transmission state of Info-B can be provided / determined through Info-A simultaneously with the transmission and reception of Info-B, there is no need for a separate transmission and reception process for changing the Info-B-state or instructing the Actual-Info-B-state, thereby providing the advantage of increasing the efficiency of wireless resource utilization and reducing latency for state changes.

[0380] The form in which Info-A and Info-B encoding is applied

[0381] In existing wireless communication systems where polar codes are applied, such as 5G NR, when coded bits are generated through a single encoding process, the positions of the information bits are determined sequentially according to the same standard (e.g., reliability order) for all information included in the encoding process.

[0382] In the proposed method, information necessary for decoding Info-B is provided by utilizing the information of Info-A, and in order to increase the efficiency of improving decoding performance using this, a method is proposed in which the method for determining the information bit positions where Info-A and Info-B are placed is applied differently to Info-A and Info-B, respectively, when channel coding is applied, specifically when a channel coding technique such as polar code is used. For convenience, the method for determining the information bit positions applied to Info-A is referred to as Rule-A, and the method for determining the information bit positions applied to Info-B is referred to as Rule-B.

[0383] In the case of Rule-A, the position of the information bit in Info-A may be determined based on at least one of the reliability order and / or decoding order of the input bit. For example, the decoding order may be related to the index (or order) of each bit within the input bit sequence. Depending on the implementation of the embodiment, the expression "decoding order" used herein may be replaced with "order of bit indices within the input bit sequence." As a specific example, the decoding order may be determined according to the ascending or descending order of bit indices within the input bit sequence.

[0384] Considering a reliability order in Rule-A may be advantageous for ensuring the decoding reliability of Info-A, and considering a decoding order may be advantageous for the purpose of quickly determining information related to Info-B by considering the decoding result of Info-A and reflecting it in the subsequent decoding process. For the specific method of Rule-A, at least one of the following options may be used.

[0385] (Option RA-1) The position of the information bit in Info-A can be configured to be determined based on the Baseline-Info-B-state and the size of Info-A. Specifically, K A Size Info-A and max K Bmax Info-B of size can be transmitted and received, and the maximum size of the total bits that can be transmitted and received is K Tmax (=K A +K Bmax When ), the most reliable K on the input bit sequence Tmax After determining the positions of the input bits, KTmax Among the bits, K is the one with the earliest decoding order (e.g., the bit with the lowest or highest index). A It can be determined that bits are selected as the information bit positions of Info-A. When this method is used, the receiver has the advantage of being able to quickly check the information of Info-A and determine the information of Info-B-state and / or Rule-B based on it when performing decoding. In addition, if there is multiple pieces of information in Info-B and information regarding the existence of specific information is provided through Info-A, the receiver may be able to easily use an early decoding termination function to decide to stop the decoding process if it is not necessary based on the decoding result of Info-A.

[0386] (Option RA-2) The position of the information bit in Info-A can be determined based on the size of the information amount smaller than the Baseline-Info-B-state and the size of Info-A. Specifically, K A Size Info-A and max K Bmax If Info-B of size K can be transmitted and received Bmax K, a specific value smaller than B* Considering K T* (=K A +K B* Determine ), and the most reliable K on the input bit sequence T* After determining the input bit positions, select K that have the earliest decoding order (e.g., the lowest or highest bit index). A It can be determined that bits are selected as the information bit positions of Info-A. For example, the above K B*The value is the Info-B size (K) that has the smallest amount of information among the selectable Info-B-states. Bmin ) may be, and in this case, the above K T* =K Tmin =K A +K Bmin It can be determined as such. When this method is used, the reliability of the information bit selected for the purpose of Info-A can be relatively increased, so a structure advantageous for improving decoding performance can be provided when the reliability of the information provided by Info-A is important.

[0387] (Option RA-3) The information bit positions of Info-A can be determined based on the mother code size used for transmission and reception. Specifically, once the mother code size to be used for transmission and reception is determined, the positions of Info-A can be determined based solely on the determined mother code size and the size of Info-A. When this method is used, relatively fixed information bit positions of Info-A can be used because information related to Info-B is not used, which can provide an advantageous effect in reducing the complexity of transmission and reception implementation.

[0388] (Option RA-4) If the size of Info-A is 2 bits or more, the information bit positions of Info-A can be determined to be distributed according to the decoding order. The specific operation of the method of Option RA-4 can be determined by combining it with other options that define Rule-A. As one specific method, when combined with Option RA-1, the most reliable position is first selected based on the total information amount of Info-A and Info-B, and then K is selected based on a rule based on the decoding order (e.g., the bit index of the selected position).A Info-A can be distributed by selecting bits. For example, the rule based on the decoding order can select the fastest decoding order (e.g., the lowest or highest bit index) and then determine that the intervals between Info-A are evenly distributed in terms of the decoding order, or if the information in Info-B can be divided into multiple sub-groups, Info-A can be similarly subgrouped and corresponded to each sub-group of Info-B, and the position of Info-A can be determined so that the corresponding sub-groups of Info-A and Info-B are consecutive in terms of the decoding order. As another specific method, when combined with Option RA-3, a rule can be established to select a distributed structure when determining the information bit positions of Info-A based on the determined mother code size. This method provides an advantageous structure in that when information about Info-B is subgrouped and information about Info-A corresponding to each subgroup of Info-B is likewise organized into subgroups, decoding using corresponding information can be performed.

[0389] (Option RA-5) The position of the information bit in Info-A can be configured to be determined based on the Actual-Info-B-state and the size of Info-A. Specifically, K A Info-A and K of size Bact When Info-B of size K is transmitted or received Tact (=K A +K Bact Determine ), and the most reliable K on the input bit sequence TactAfter determining the input bit positions, select K that have the earliest decoding order (e.g., the lowest or highest bit index). A It can be determined that bits are selected as the information bit positions of Info-A. This method can provide an advantageous effect in that it distinguishes Info-B-states of different sizes based on the location where Info-A appears, thereby relatively increasing the range of different sizes of Info-B that can be represented within the limited size of Info-A. If different Info-B-states have the same size when this option is used, it can also be determined that additional information can be provided to distinguish them through the bit representation of Info-A.

[0390] In the case of Rule-B, the position of the information bit of Info-B may be determined based on the reliability order of the input bit. However, the position of the information bit of Info-B is determined so that the input bit position selected for the purpose of Info-A cannot be selected. For the specific method of Rule-B, at least one of the following options may be used. For example, among the remaining bits in the input bit sequence excluding the bits selected for Info-A, at least one of the following options may be used for Info-B mapping.

[0391] (Option RB-1) It can be configured to determine the position of the information bits of Info-B in the order of the most reliable input bits based on the amount of information actually transmitted and received by Info-B, i.e., the amount of information determined by the Actual-Info-B-state. Specifically, the amount of information of Info-B to be transmitted and received at a specific time is K BactIn this case, the most reliable K among the bits selectable for the purpose of Info-B on the input bit sequence Bact It is possible to determine that bits are selected as information bit positions of Info-B. As previously proposed, the amount of information in the above Info-B may vary depending on the transmission and reception time, and in this case, the information bit positions of Info-B selected at each transmission and reception time may differ. When this method is used, there is an advantage that decoding performance can be optimized by selecting appropriate (e.g., having the highest reliability) information bit positions according to the amount of information in Info-B.

[0392] (Option RB-2) If the information of Info-B can be divided into sub-groups, the positions of candidate information bits of Info-B are determined in the order of the most reliable input bits based on the maximum amount of information that Info-B can transmit and receive, and it can be determined that the determined information bit positions are assigned to each sub-group of Info-B. In specific situations where Info-B is transmitted and received, the information of the sub-groups included in the transmission and reception utilizes the assigned information bit positions; however, if there are sub-groups not included in the transmission and reception, it can be determined that the information bit positions assigned to those sub-groups are treated the same as frozen bits for transmission and reception. Specifically, the maximum amount of information that can be transmitted through Info-B is K Bmax It is bit and the information of Info-B is N S It can be divided into k sub-groups, and the information amount of each sub-group is K B1 ,..,K BNsIn the case of bits, the most reliable K among the bits selectable for the purpose of Info-B on the input bit sequence Bmax k bits are selected, and the selected bits are each K B1 ,..,K BNs It can be divided into sub-bit groups of bit size, and each sub-bit group can be assigned to each sub-group. This method is expected to have an advantageous effect for purposes such as preventing ambiguity in determining the information bit of Info-B that may occur when Info-B is received by multiple terminals and includes terminals that differ in their interpretation of Info-A and the information of Info-B required (for example, terminals with different UE capabilities), as the interpretation of Info-A may differ between terminals.

[0393] Rule-A and Rule-B may commonly include a rule that excludes the location of a freezing bit, determined based on conditions such as mother code size (e.g., input bit sequence size or encoding matrix size N) and / or rate matching, from the selection of information bit locations in Info-A and Info-B. The location of a freezing bit based on the above conditions refers to bits selected so that they cannot be selected for the purpose of information bits, and, for example, the locations of pre-freezing and extra-freezing bits may fall into this category. For instance, Info-A and / or Info-B may not be mapped / arranged to a freezing bit location within the input bit sequence.

[0394] Figure 26 schematically illustrates an example of the results of determining the information bit positions of Info-A and Info-B by applying Rule-A and Rule-B, respectively, according to the proposed method. In the example of Figure 26, FG 401 represents the decoding order, which may be the order in which decoding is performed when using an SC decoder or an SCL decoder, or it may represent the sequence number of the index corresponding to the input bit on the polar encoder matrix (ascending or descending order of bit indices within the input bit sequence). In this example, the number of the decoding order represents the sequence in which decoding is performed in ascending order. For example, decoding order 0 means that decoding is performed first. FG 402 represents the reliability order, which may be a sequence number representing the degree of reliability of each input bit in the polar code sequentially, or it may represent the sequence number selected as an information bit when polar encoding is performed. In this example, the reliability order refers to the sequence in which the selection of information bits occurs in ascending order. FG 403, FG 404, and FG 405 are when the proposed combination of Rule-A and Rule-B is used, and K A =1 bit of Info-A is transmitted and received, and Info-B is divided into two Info-B states depending on the amount of information; in the case of Info-B-state #0, K B#0 = K when 15-bit Info-B is and Info-B-state #1 B#1 = An example is shown of how each piece of information is arranged on the input bit sequence when 10 bits of Info-B are transmitted and received.

[0395] The example in FG 403 shows a case where the aforementioned Option RA-1 is applied as Rule-A and Option RB-1 is selected as Rule-B, and the position with the earliest decoding order among all information bit positions is selected as Info-A. For example, depending on Option RA-1, K Bmax = 15 bits and K A = 16-bit size (K) summing 1 bit Tmax The most reliable bits of ) are selected, and Info-A is mapped to the position with the fastest decoding order among the most reliable bits, and Info-B can be mapped to the remaining 10 or 15 bit positions depending on the Actual Info-B-state.

[0396] In the example of FG 404, the above-described Option RA-2 is applied as Rule-A and Option RB-1 is selected as Rule-B, and K A +K B#1 We show an example where the position with the fastest decoding order among the most reliable input bit positions is selected as Info-A. For example, depending on Option RA-2, K B* = 10 bits and K A = 11-bit size (K) summing 1 bit T* The most reliable bits of ) are selected, and Info-A is mapped to the position with the fastest decoding order among the most reliable bits, and Info-B can be mapped to the remaining 10 or 15 bit positions depending on the Actual Info-B-state.

[0397] The example in FG 405 shows a case where the above-described Option RA-3 is applied as Rule-A and Option RB-1 is selected as Rule-B, and the N / 2 + 1st input bit is selected as Info-A based on a mother code size of N. It is assumed that a mother code size N / 2 + 1 is used as a specific example of determining the location of the Info-A bit based on the mother code size N in Option RA-3. For example, when N=32, according to Option RA-3, Info-A is mapped to the bit at the (N / 2) + 1st position from the left, i.e., the 17th bit from the left, and according to the Actual Info-B-state, Info-B can be mapped to the remaining 10 or 15 bit positions.

[0398] Figure 26 is merely an example to illustrate the concept of applying the proposed method, and the proposed method can be applied in situations where information bit selection is made other than the structure of Figure 26 (e.g., Info-A / Info-B of different sizes, different mother code size, different decoding / reliability order, etc.).

[0399] Implementation examples of the proposed method

[0400] Examples of how the proposed methods are applied to next-generation wireless communication systems such as 6G are described. The following examples are some examples where the proposed methods can be used, but the proposed methods are not limited to the following examples and can be applied to various transmission and reception systems where channel coding is applied.

[0401] (1) Example of DCI transmission and reception

[0402] For example, the proposed method can be used for channel coding for transmitting and receiving DCI (Downlink Control Information) (e.g., PDCCH).

[0403] Specifically, there may be multiple pieces of information to be transmitted in a specific DCI format, each of which constitutes a DCI field with a number of bits determined by the size of the information, and cases may be considered where the necessity of transmitting or receiving some of the information varies depending on the situation. The configuration of the DCI fields included in Info-B may be set differently for each Info-B-state, and information regarding the configuration of the DCI fields included in the actual transmitted / received DCI format may be included in Info-A. In this case, the difference in the configuration of the DCI fields may include whether some of the DCI fields are included, and / or may include a form in which the size (i.e., number of bits) of some DCI fields is applied differently. To this end, the base station sets information regarding the DCI format for the terminal, and the set information may include configuration information for Info-A as well as information regarding the form in which the DCI fields are configured for actual transmission according to the information represented by Info-A. And / or the form in which the DCI field is configured for actual transmission based on the information represented by Info-A, along with information about Info-A, may be pre-agreed upon (e.g., defined by a standard). Subsequently, the base station determines the configuration of the DCI field necessary to transmit the corresponding DCI format to the terminal, and can encode the Info-A information configured or pre-agreed upon in accordance with this and transmit it to the terminal. The terminal can perform decoding of the received DCI format based on the information configured by the base station or the pre-agreed information; in this process, the terminal can determine the configured form of the DCI field based on the Info-A information and reflect this in the decoding process and the interpretation of the information. Specific examples include the following cases.

[0404] - In the transmission and reception of DCI format for paging purposes, the DCI field for scheduling the PDSCH transmitting and receiving paging messages and the DCI field used for other purposes (e.g., ETWS / CMAS notification, SI change notification, TRS activation, etc.) can be viewed as different sub-groups of Info-B, and in the actual transmission and reception of DCI, only one of the two sub-groups or both sub-groups may be included, and Info-A can provide information about the DCI fields actually configured for the transmission.

[0405] In a scheduling DCI format that supports multiple PDSCH / PUSCH scheduling, the actual number of scheduled PDSCH / PUSCH can be dynamically determined, and the DCI fields configured in this case can be configured such that their presence and size are determined based on the determined number of PDSCH / PUSCH. In this case, the estimation of the actual number of scheduled PDSCH / PUSCH can be calculated based on the information of Info-A encoded together in the corresponding DCI.

[0406] - When a two-step DCI structure is supported (e.g., a structure where the transmission and reception of specific control information is supported by a two-step DCI transmission and reception procedure), the type and size of the DCI fields constituting the first DCI format are set to multiple states, which can be viewed as different Info-B-states, and the transmission and reception of the first DCI may include Info-A information to indicate the Actual-Info-B-state. In this case, Info-A may also express whether the reception of the second DCI is necessary. For example, if the goal is to obtain short latency or terminal power saving effects by providing the desired control information solely through the transmission and reception of the first DCI, the payload size of the first DCI format is increased to transmit and receive with a high amount of information; in general cases, the operation of performing the transmission and reception of the second DCI may be performed instead of reducing the size of the first DCI format.

[0407] As another specific method for applying the proposed method to channel coding for DCI transmission and reception, one can consider a case where multiple terminals can share a PDCCH monitoring occasion, such as PDCCH transmitted and received over a Common Search Space (CSS), and the information included in the DCI transmitted and received over the shared PDCCH monitoring occasion may differ by terminal (or group of terminals). In this case, the information provided by Info-A may include whether information required by a specific terminal (or group of terminals) exists on the transmitted and received DCI, and location information of bits that can be decoded by considering them as frozen bits. For example, information that may be included in the DCI format may be divided into sub-groups according to their purpose, and whether each sub-group is included in the actual transmission and reception of the DCI may be determined as needed. The terminal may perform an operation to receive DCI and, depending on the result of decoding Info-A, perform decoding if the sub-group information it requires is included, and stop decoding otherwise. If the terminal continues decoding, it may determine whether other sub-group information is included through Info-A and perform a decoding operation based on this. To this end, the base station sets information regarding the DCI format for the terminal, and the set information may include information regarding the sub-group whose transmission status is determined by the information expressed by Info-A, along with information regarding the bit area on the DCI payload, along with configuration information for Info-A. And / or such information may be pre-agreed upon (e.g., defined by a standard).Subsequently, the base station may determine whether to include sub-groups of DCI information necessary for transmitting the DCI format to the terminal, and may encode the information of Info-A, which is set / agreed upon in correspondence, together with the DCI format and transmit it to the terminal. The terminal may perform decoding of the received DCI format based on information set by the base station or information agreed upon in advance, and at this time, the terminal may determine the configuration of the sub-group information included in the DCI based on the information of Info-A and reflect this in the decoding process and the interpretation of the information.

[0408] When the proposed method is applied to the transmission and reception of DCI, it offers advantageous effects in that the base station can dynamically adjust the size of the actual transmitted and received DCI payload. This results in a reduction in the effective code rate when the same AL (Aggregation Level) is maintained, which can increase the probability of successful decoding or provide benefits for coverage extension, or it can reduce the required AL, thereby benefiting from the efficient operation of wireless resources. Furthermore, compared to the existing 5G NR wireless standard system, which requires a separate signaling process to change the structure of a DCI format once it has been set, this method offers advantageous effects in terms of reducing signaling overhead and the latency required for setting changes.

[0409] (2) Examples of transmission and reception in UCI

[0410] For example, the proposed method can be applied to channel coding for the transmission and reception of UCI (Uplink Control Information) (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH to which UCI is piggybacked).

[0411] Specifically, when HARQ-ACKs for multiple PDSCHs are multiplexed and reported, the terminal may determine the size of the UCI based on the number of received PDSCHs and perform HARQ-ACK reporting based on this. In this case, the terminal may reflect the determined size of the UCI (or the number of received PDSCHs) in the information of Info-A, encode it together with the HARQ-ACK information, and transmit it. Info-B may include the UCI. In this case, the number of received PDSCHs may be calculated based on the PDSCHs for which the terminal attempted PDSCH decoding after successfully performing DCI monitoring, and may also be determined based only on PDSCHs that meet the multiplexing criteria for HARQ-ACK reporting (e.g., within a time window, a preset number of HARQ processes, etc.). The size of the UCI selected by the terminal may be determined to be selected within a preset range by the base station. This may be intended to reduce the decoding complexity of the base station and to prevent problems arising from ambiguity in the decoding of Info-A by pre-determining the amount of information in Info-A. To this end, the base station may set information to the terminal for performing multiplexing of HARQ-ACKs for multiple PDSCHs, and the set information may include the amount of information in Info-A and the structure of HARQ-ACK multiplexing that can be distinguished through Info-A (e.g., the number of HARQ-ACKs to be multiplexed). And / or such information may be pre-determined (e.g., defined by a standard).Subsequently, the base station can check the information of Info-A during the process of decoding PUCCH or PUSCH transmitted by the terminal and perform a subsequent decoding process based thereon. The terminal determines the size of the UCI based on the above-mentioned set / agreed information and reflects this information in Info-A, and can encode and transmit Info-A and multiplexed HARQ-ACK feedback information together.

[0412] As another specific method for applying the proposed method to channel coding for UCI transmission and reception, when a terminal performs an Event-triggered CSI report, the content and size of the CSI report can be determined according to the generated event, and the CSI report can be performed based on this. To this end, the states of the CSI report, distinguished according to the content included in the CSI report and / or the size of each content, can be determined as Info-B-states. In this case, the content of the CSI report may be whether specific content is included and / or a different representation method for the same content. For example, types of content that may be considered include information on RS used in a measure such as CRI (CSI-RS resource indicator), information related to the rank of the measured channel such as RI (Rank Indicator), additional information about a specific layer such as LI (Layer Indicator), codebook information such as PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), quality information about the channel such as CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), and / or strength of the received signal such as RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power). Different representations of the same content may be distinguished by using the absolute value of the corresponding content information in a quantized form or by using the value relative to a specific state (e.g., previous state or reference state) in a quantized form, or by differences in the degree of quantization within the same method.The above event may be a trigger condition determined based on the state (e.g., above or below) of the result of a measurement when a specific measurement value is measured for a channel in a specific environment, relative to a set / agreed threshold. When the event occurs, the terminal may determine the CSI report content and its size to be reported depending on the state of the event. At this time, the CSI report content and size determined by the terminal may be set in advance by the base station or determined to be performed within a limited range according to an agreement (e.g., defined by a standard). To this end, the base station may set information for the terminal to perform an event-triggered CSI report, and the set information may include the amount of information in Info-A and the form of content on the CSI report that can be distinguished through Info-A (e.g., type, method, and / or size). And / or such information may be agreed upon in advance (e.g., defined by a standard). Subsequently, during the process of decoding the received CSI report, the base station can determine the type of event that occurred at the terminal through the decoding of Info-A, and based on this, can reflect this in decoding the contents of the CSI report. The terminal determines the event based on the above-mentioned configured / agreed information, determines the composition of the contents of the CSI report to be transmitted based on the determined event, and can encode the Info-A and the CSI report contents together and transmit them.

[0413] When the proposed method is applied to the transmission and reception of UCI, there is an advantage in that the decoding performance of the base station can be improved by lowering the applied code rate whenever possible, in that the terminal can dynamically adjust the size of the actual transmitted and received UCI payload according to the situation. In addition, compared to the operation in existing 5G NR wireless standard systems, which requires a separate signaling process to change the structure of a UCI once it has been set, it provides advantageous effects in terms of reducing signaling overhead and the latency required for setting changes.

[0414] (3) Example of transmission and reception of configured scheduling

[0415] For example, the proposed method can be applied to channel coding for transmission and reception in which scheduling information for PUSCH or PDSCH is pre-configured and operated, such as CG (Configured Grant) or SPS (Semi-Persistent Scheduling).

[0416] Specifically, when the transmission of PUSCH or PDSCH is scheduled by the base station setting the terminal via RRC, such as CG or SPS, or when the scheduled PUSCH or PDSCH is activated by instructions such as MAC CE, a case can be considered in which the amount of information transmitted and received through the PUSCH / PDSCH may vary depending on the situation. In this case, the information that can be transmitted and received through CG or SPS (e.g., TB of CG PUSCH / SPS PDSCH) may correspond to Info-B, and candidates for the amount of information that Info-B can include (e.g., TB size) can be distinguished through the Info-B-state. In this case, the information of Info-A can be determined to include the actual amount of information transmitted and received through CG or SPS, that is, the information of the Actual-Info-B-state. To this end, when the base station sets information for CG or SPS, the CG / SPS setting information may include information on the magnitude of the amount of information actually transmitted and received through CG or SPS according to the information represented by Info-A, along with setting information for Info-A. Alternatively, such information may be agreed upon in advance (e.g., defined by a standard).

[0417] Subsequently, in the case of CG, when PUSCH is transmitted according to the configured / agreed scheduling information, the terminal can select one of the configured / agreed amounts of information, encode the information regarding the corresponding Info-A together with the information to be transmitted, and transmit it to the base station via PUSCH. The base station receives the PUSCH transmitted by the terminal based on the configuration / agreed of the CG, and at this time, can determine the amount of information included based on the decoding result of Info-A, and can reflect this in the decoding process and the interpretation of the information.

[0418] In the case of SPS, when PDSCH is transmitted according to the configured / agreed scheduling information, the base station may select one of the configured / agreed amounts of information, encode the information regarding the corresponding Info-A together with the information to be transmitted, and transmit it to the terminal via PDSCH. The terminal receives the PDSCH transmitted by the base station based on the configuration / agreed of SPS, and at this time, can determine the amount of information included based on the decoding result of Info-A, and can reflect this in the decoding process and the interpretation of the information.

[0419] Unlike DCI-based scheduling, which allows for dynamic changes to resources and TBs in PUSCH or PDSCH, existing CG and SPS transmissions are relatively inflexible when it comes to changing resources and TB sizes once they are set. This can lead to unnecessary resource waste depending on the situation, and if a change to the set scheduling is performed, signaling overhead and additional latency will be incurred. On the other hand, when the proposed method is used, the base station and the terminal can dynamically determine the TB size without going through a separate signaling procedure, which can be advantageous in terms of obtaining benefits in transmission efficiency (e.g., coding gain, power efficiency, etc.).

[0420] When the proposed methods are applied to a wireless communication system in which transmission and reception between a base station and a terminal are controlled by a network node (e.g., a base station), such as 6G, examples of terminal and base station operations are explained with reference to FIGS. 27 and 28. In the following description, the entity controlling transmission and reception between two nodes is described using the term "base station," but even if the entity is not a base station, that is, if a specific node performs the role of controlling transmission and reception between two nodes, the operations described in the following examples may be applied.

[0421] FIG. 27 illustrates an example of terminal operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 27 (a) relates to DL reception and decoding of the terminal, and (b) may relate to UL transmission and encoding of the terminal.

[0422] First, referring to FIG. 27(a), in order to apply the proposed method to DL reception, the terminal obtains configuration information related to the transmission and reception of the channel to which the proposed methods are applied from the base station (FG 501). At this time, the configuration information may include at least one of information related to the configuration of Info-A and Info-B and / or information related to Rule-A and Rule-B. For example, the configuration information may be received through higher-layer signaling such as RRC signaling. Subsequently, the terminal may receive a setting / instruction from the base station to start reception for the channel (FG 502). For example, the setting and instruction may be a setting by RRC, an activation instruction by MAC CE, or a dynamic grant by DCI. The terminal that has received the setting / instruction for DL ​​reception may perform a reception operation for the corresponding channel periodically or non-periodically (FG 503). The terminal starts decoding for the DL channel expected to be received, and if the terminal needs to perform the decoding operation before determining the information of Info-A, the terminal may first perform a decoding operation based on the Baseline-Info-B-state (FG 504). If the terminal has decoded the bits of Info-A (FG 505), the terminal may determine the Actual-Info-B-state according to the determined information of Info-A (FG 506) and perform a decoding operation based thereon (FG 507).If the terminal performs an SC decoder-based operation, the Actual-Info-B-state used in step FG 506 can be determined as a single state and decoding can proceed, and if the terminal performs an SCL decoder-based operation, the Actual-Info-B-state used in step FG 506 can be assumed to be multiple depending on the number of lists maintained by the terminal during the decoding process.

[0423] Next, referring to FIG. 27(b), in order to apply the proposed method to UL transmission, the terminal obtains configuration information from the base station regarding the transmission and reception of the channel to which the proposed methods are applied (FG 511). At this time, the configuration information may include at least one of information related to the configuration of Info-A and Info-B and / or information related to Rule-A and Rule-B. For example, the configuration information may be received through higher-layer signaling, such as RRC signaling. Subsequently, the terminal may receive a setting / instruction from the base station to start transmission for the channel (FG 512). For example, the setting and instruction may be a setting by RRC, an activation instruction by MAC CE, or a dynamic grant by DCI. The terminal that has received the setting / instruction for UL transmission may determine the Actual-Info-B-state based on the state of the Info-B to be transmitted (e.g., amount of information and / or type of information, etc.) (FG 513). Based on the determined Actual-Info-B-state and / or based on the information of the associated Rule-B, the terminal can determine the information to be included in Info-A (FG 514). The determined Info-A and Info-B information are encoded together, and the form in which the encoding is performed (e.g., position of information bit) is determined based on Rule-A and Rule-B (FG 515). Subsequently, the terminal performs subsequent steps on the encoded coded bit (e.g., rate matching, modulation, layer / RE mapping, etc.) and transmits it through the target channel (FG 516).

[0424] The method described in the example of FIG. 27 can be performed by the device (200) of FIG. 3. For example, one or more processors (202) of the device (200) of FIG. 3 may be configured to perform the operation according to FIG. 27. Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the device (200) may store instructions for performing the method in the example of FIG. 27 or in various examples of the foregoing specification when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0425] FIG. 28 illustrates an example of base station operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. (a) of 28 relates to DL transmission and encoding of the base station, and (b) may relate to UL reception and decoding of the base station.

[0426] First, referring to FIG. 28 (a), in order to apply the proposed method to DL transmission, the base station provides the terminal with configuration information related to the transmission and reception of the channel to which the proposed methods are applied (FG 601). At this time, the configuration information may include at least one of information related to the configuration of Info-A and Info-B and / or information related to Rule-A and Rule-B. For example, the configuration information may be transmitted through higher-layer signaling such as RRC signaling. Subsequently, the base station may set / instruct the terminal to start reception for the channel (FG 602). For example, the setting and instruction may be a setting by RRC, an activation instruction by MAC CE, or a dynamic grant by DCI. After setting / instructing the terminal to receive DL, the base station may determine the Actual-Info-B-state based on the state of the Info-B to be transmitted (e.g., amount of information and / or type of information, etc.) (FG 603). Based on the determined Actual-Info-B-state and / or based on the information of the associated Rule-B, the base station may determine the information to be included in Info-A (FG 604). The determined Info-A and Info-B information are encoded together, and the form in which the encoding is performed (e.g., position of information bit) is determined based on Rule-A and Rule-B (FG 605). Subsequently, the base station performs subsequent steps on the encoded coded bit (e.g., rate matching, modulation, layer / RE mapping, etc.) and then transmits it through the target channel (FG 606).

[0427] Next, referring to FIG. 28 (b), in order to apply the proposed method to UL reception, the base station provides the terminal with configuration information related to the transmission and reception of the channel to which the proposed methods are applied (FG 611). At this time, the configuration information may include at least one of information related to the configuration of Info-A and Info-B and / or information related to Rule-A and Rule-B. For example, the configuration information may be transmitted via higher-layer signaling, such as RRC signaling. Subsequently, the base station may set / instruct the terminal to start transmission for the channel (FG 612). For example, the setting and instruction may be a setting by RRC, an activation instruction by MAC CE, or a dynamic grant by DCI. After setting / instructing the terminal to transmit UL, the base station performs a reception operation for the corresponding channel periodically or non-periodically (FG 613). The base station begins decoding for the UL channel expected to be received, and if the terminal needs to perform the decoding operation before determining the information of Info-A, the terminal may first perform a decoding operation based on the Baseline-Info-B-state (FG 614). If the terminal has decoded the bits of Info-A (FG 615), the terminal may determine the Actual-Info-B-state according to the determined information of Info-A (FG 616) and perform a decoding operation based thereon (FG 617).If the terminal performs an SC decoder-based operation, the Actual-Info-B-state used in step FG 616 can be determined as a single state and decoding can proceed, and if the terminal performs an SCL decoder-based operation, the Actual-Info-B-state used in step FG 616 can be assumed to be multiple depending on the number of lists maintained by the terminal during the decoding process.

[0428] The method described in the example of FIG. 28 can be performed by the device (200) of FIG. 3. For example, one or more processors (202) of the device (200) of FIG. 3 may be configured to perform the operation according to FIG. 28. Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the device (200) may store instructions for performing the method in the example of FIG. 28 or in various examples of the foregoing specification when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0429] When the methods proposed in this disclosure are used, it is possible to provide an opportunity to perform the type and size of information transmitted and received on a pre-set / directed transmission / redirection channel at each point in time of transmission without additional resetting / redirection procedures. This can provide the benefit of supporting efficient use of wireless resources with relatively low latency by reducing the steps of setting / direction that may be required for transmission / redirection scheduling information.

[0430] For example, when the methods proposed in this disclosure are applied to the transmission and reception of a channel, such as a traffic channel, where scheduling-related information is determined by a control channel, a portion of the control information can be transmitted and received together in the target channel. This can provide an advantage in that it can reduce the overhead required in the control channel.

[0431] When the methods proposed in this disclosure are applied, particularly for adaptive determination of information amount (information amount of Info-B), they can provide the effect of improving decoding performance when a relatively low amount of information is transmitted or received.

[0432] Figure 29 shows the BLER performance observed on an AWGN channel when the proposed method is applied to distinguish between two types of Info-B information amounts and provide information about them through 1 bit of Info-A information. In this case, the two types of Info-B information amounts are 96 bits and 128 bits. In the performance curve of Figure 29, 'Flag 0' represents the case where 96 bits are actually transmitted, and 'Flag 1' represents the case where 128 bits are actually transmitted; in this case, the code rate was fixed at 0.3 based on 128 bits. Additionally, 'Legacy' represents the comparison group where the existing polar code is used under the situation of 128 bits of information and a code rate of 0.3 (where the receiving end performs decoding assuming only a single Info-B size). In all experimental groups, an SCL decoding method using 8 lists was applied. Experimental results confirm that the decoding performance under 'Flag 1' conditions exhibits BLER performance almost identical to that of the existing polar code, and that gain in terms of BLER performance can be obtained when it is determined that some bits are not actually used through 'Flag 0' (a gain of approximately 0.6 dB based on BLER = 0.1 in Fig. 29).

[0433] The methods proposed in this disclosure can provide an advantage in that, when the amount of resources that can be transmitted can be dynamically selected, such as in PDCCH (e.g., AL), less transmission and reception resources can be used by utilizing additional coding gain obtained when a small amount of Info-B information is selected, thereby increasing the efficiency of resource utilization.

[0434] FIG. 30 illustrates a signal transmission and reception procedure between a terminal and a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Since FIG. 30 is an example of implementation for at least some of the embodiments described above, the description described above may be referenced without separate mention.

[0435] Referring to FIG. 30, the terminal may receive at least one upper layer signaling from a base station (A05). The upper layer signaling may include RRC signaling and / or signaling of system information such as SIB. Through the upper layer signaling, the terminal may include configuration information for DL ​​and / or configuration information for UL. The configuration information for DL / UL may include information necessary for decoding / encoding the DL / UL signal (e.g., Info-A configuration information, Info-B configuration information, Info-B state configuration information, Rule A configuration information and / or Rule B configuration information).

[0436] For example, the terminal may receive a DL grant DCI from a base station (A10). In some embodiments, the A10 process may be omitted; for example, in the reception of SPS-based DL data (SPS PDSCH), A10 may be omitted or replaced with an SPS activation signal. Additionally, if the target signal (Info-B) to be received is DCI, A10 may be replaced with A20.

[0437] A base station may perform encoding for a DL signal (A15). For example, the base station may generate first information that includes at least one of information related to the state of second information (e.g., Info-B state) or information related to the encoding of said second information (e.g., Rule B). The base station may obtain coded bits based on the encoding of an input bit sequence that includes said first information and said second information together. The information related to the state of said second information may include information about the size of said second information. The information related to the encoding of said second information may include information about the bit positions of said second information within said input bit sequence. Here, the first information and the second information may be distinguished from the first information and second information for a UL signal described later as first information and second information for a DL signal.

[0438] The base station can transmit a DL signal based on the coded bits (A20).

[0439] The terminal can perform decoding of the DL signal (A25). After receiving the DL signal containing coded bits, the terminal can obtain an input bit sequence containing first information and second information based on the coded bits. The terminal can decode the first information and decode the second information based on the first information.

[0440] For example, the terminal may transmit a UL signal to the base station. The procedure for transmitting the UL signal may be performed separately from the preceding procedure for receiving the DL signal, or it may be for a HARQ-ACK for receiving the DL signal, or for a non-periodic CSI report requested in the DL grant DCI.

[0441] The terminal may receive a UL grant DCI from the base station (A30). However, the reception of the UL grant DCI may be omitted if the transmission of the UL signal is an operation following the reception of a DL signal or a DL grant DCI, if the transmission of the UL signal is a configured grant (CG) UL transmission (CG PUSCH) transmission, or if it is a periodic UCI transmission.

[0442] The terminal can perform encoding for the UL signal (A35). For example, the terminal can generate first information including at least one of information related to the state of the second information (e.g., Info-B state) or information related to the encoding of the second information (e.g., Rule B). The terminal can obtain coded bits based on the encoding of an input bit sequence containing the first information and the second information together. The information related to the state of the second information may include information regarding the size of the second information. The information related to the encoding of the second information may include information regarding the bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence. Here, the first information and the second information may be distinguished from the first information and the second information regarding the DL signal described above as first information and second information regarding the UL signal.

[0443] The terminal can transmit a UL signal based on coded bits (A40).

[0444] A base station can perform decoding of a UL signal (A45). After receiving a UL signal containing coded bits, the base station can obtain an input bit sequence containing first information and second information based on said coded bits. The base station can decode said first information and decode said second information based on said first information.

[0445] FIG. 31 illustrates the flow of a method performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Since FIG. 31 is an example of implementation for at least some of the embodiments described above, the description described above may be referenced unless otherwise noted. The first device may be a terminal that performs UL transmission or a base station that performs DL transmission.

[0446] Referring to FIG. 31, the first device can generate first information (e.g., Info-A) including at least one of information related to the state of the second information (e.g., Info-B-State) or information related to the encoding of the second information (e.g., Rule B) (B05).

[0447] The first device can obtain coded bits based on encoding for an input bit sequence that includes the first information and the second information together (B10).

[0448] The first device can transmit a signal based on the coded bits (B15).

[0449] Information related to the state of the second information may include information regarding the size of the second information. Information related to the encoding of the second information may include information regarding the bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence.

[0450] The bit positions of the first information within the above input bit sequence can be determined based on a specific setting value for the size of the second information and the size of the first information.

[0451] The above specific setting value may be a maximum size value or a minimum size value set for the above second information.

[0452] A specific number of bits greater than or equal to the total information bit size obtained by summing the size of the first information and the size of the second information may be selected from the input bit sequence. The specific number of bits may be bits selected in order of high reliability in the input bit sequence.

[0453] The bits to which the first information is mapped within the aforementioned specific number of bits can be determined based on the bit index order or the decoding order.

[0454] The bit positions of the first information within the above input bit sequence can be determined based on the size of the first information and the size of the input bit sequence.

[0455] The above encoding is performed based on polar coding, and the second information may include at least one of (i) DCI (downlink control information), (ii) UCI ​​(uplink control information), or (iii) TB (transport block) for the downlink or uplink.

[0456] FIG. 32 illustrates the flow of a method performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Since FIG. 32 is an example of implementation for at least some of the embodiments described above, the description described above may be referenced unless otherwise noted. The second device may be a terminal performing DL reception or a base station performing UL reception.

[0457] Referring to FIG. 32, the second device can receive a signal containing coded bits from the first device (C05).

[0458] The second device can acquire (e.g., decode) an input bit sequence including first information and second information based on the coded bits (C10). From the perspective of the second device, the term input bit sequence may be expressed as an information bit sequence or a decoding output bit sequence.

[0459] The first information may include at least one of information related to the state of the second information or information related to the encoding of the second information. The information related to the state of the second information may include information regarding the size of the second information. The information related to the encoding of the second information may include information regarding the bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence.

[0460] The second device above can decode the second information based on the first information.

[0461] The bit positions of the first information within the above input bit sequence can be determined based on a specific setting value for the size of the second information and the size of the first information.

[0462] The above specific setting value may be a maximum size value or a minimum size value set for the above second information.

[0463] The above input bit sequence is obtained through decoding for polar coding, and the second information may include at least one of (i) DCI (downlink control information), (ii) UCI ​​(uplink control information), or (iii) TB (transport block) for the downlink or uplink.

[0464] The embodiments described above are combinations of the components and features of the present disclosure in a specific form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, it is possible to construct embodiments of the present disclosure by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that embodiments may be constructed by combining claims that are not explicitly related in the claims, or that they may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

[0465] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the features of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects and should be considered exemplary. The scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0466] The present disclosure may be used in a terminal, base station, or other equipment of a wireless mobile communication system.

Claims

In a method performed in a first device, Generating first information comprising at least one of information related to the state of the second information or information related to the encoding of the second information; Acquiring coded bits based on encoding for an input bit sequence including the first information and the second information together; and It includes transmitting a signal based on the above-mentioned coded bits, and Information related to the state of the second information includes information regarding the size of the second information, A method in which information related to the encoding of the second information includes information regarding bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence. In Article 1, A method in which bit positions of the first information within the above input bit sequence are determined based on a specific setting value for the size of the second information and the size of the first information. In Article 2, A method in which the above specific setting value is a maximum size value or a minimum size value set for the above second information. In Article 1, A specific number of bits greater than or equal to the total information bit size obtained by summing the size of the first information and the size of the second information are selected from the input bit sequence, and A method in which the above specific number of bits are bits selected in order of high reliability from the above input bit sequence. In Article 4, A method in which the bits to which the first information is mapped within the above specific number of bits are determined based on the bit index order or the decoding order. In Article 1, A method in which bit positions of the first information within the input bit sequence are determined based on the size of the first information and the size of the input bit sequence. In Article 1, The above encoding is performed based on polar coding, and The second information above includes at least one of (i) DCI (downlink control information), (ii) UCI ​​(uplink control information), or (iii) TB (transport block) for a downlink or uplink, and The above first device is a terminal or a base station, a method. In a method performed in a second device, Receiving a signal including coded bits from a first device; and It includes obtaining an input bit sequence including first information and second information based on the above-mentioned coded bits, and The first information includes at least one of information related to the state of the second information or information related to the encoding of the second information, and Information related to the state of the second information includes information regarding the size of the second information, A method in which information related to the encoding of the second information includes information regarding bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence. In Article 8, A method in which the second device decodes the second information based on the first information. In Article 8, A method in which bit positions of the first information within the above input bit sequence are determined based on a specific setting value for the size of the second information and the size of the first information. In Article 10, A method in which the above specific setting value is a maximum size value or a minimum size value set for the above second information. In Article 8, The above input bit sequence is obtained through decoding for polar coding, and The second information above includes at least one of (i) DCI (downlink control information), (ii) UCI ​​(uplink control information), or (iii) TB (transport block) for a downlink or uplink, and The above second device is a terminal or a base station, a method. A computer-readable non-transitory recording medium storing a program for performing the method described in claim 1 or 8. In the first device, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations by being executed by the at least one processor, and The operations of the above processor are, Generating first information comprising at least one of information related to the state of the second information or information related to the encoding of the second information; Acquiring coded bits based on encoding for an input bit sequence including the first information and the second information together; and It includes transmitting a signal based on the above-mentioned coded bits, and Information related to the state of the second information includes information regarding the size of the second information, Information related to the encoding of the second information includes information about bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence, a first device. In the second device, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations by being executed by the at least one processor, and The operations of the above processor are, Receiving a signal including coded bits from a first device; and It includes obtaining an input bit sequence including first information and second information based on the above-mentioned coded bits, and The first information includes at least one of information related to the state of the second information or information related to the encoding of the second information, and Information related to the state of the second information includes information regarding the size of the second information, Information related to the encoding of the second information includes information about bit positions of the second information within the input bit sequence, a second device.

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