Organic mineral fertilizer for increasing crop yield

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and more particularly to a novel next-generation environmentally-friendly organic mineral fertilizer containing structured zeolite, an amino acid component, water, phosphoric acid, cobalt nitrate, iron nitrate, carbamide and / or ammonium nitrate. Said fertilizer can be used for all types of agricultural crops, fruit and berry trees and bushes, decorative plants and forest plantations and is suitable for plants grown in open ground or under cover, the fertilizer enabling a significant increase in crop yield and improving the properties (physical, chemical, biological) of the soil and having an overall positive effect on the soil-plant system.

Description

[0001] An organomineral fertilizer for increasing crop yields when growing environmentally friendly and safe agricultural crops.

[0002] Field of technology

[0003] The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to a new, environmentally friendly, next-generation organomineral fertilizer. This fertilizer can be used for all types of agricultural crops, including fruit and berry trees and shrubs, vegetable crops, ornamental plantings, and forest plantings, both in open and closed ground.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] Currently, the focus in agriculture is on increasing plant production, including field, garden, and vegetable crops, through the use of organic and natural micronutrient fertilizers, microbiological and biological products obtained through the recycling and / or processing of organic waste, raw materials, and natural minerals. An important aspect of agricultural technology is the use of innovative multicomponent organic and natural micronutrient fertilizers to restore soil fertility. These fertilizers are as effective as synthetic mineral fertilizers, while providing the soil with macro- and micronutrients, beneficial microorganisms, humic substances, and other active biochemicals.

[0006] A granulated organomineral fertilizer with buckwheat husk is known from the prior art for increasing the yield of agricultural crops and improving the properties of the soil, characterized in that in order to obtain 1 kg of fertilizer, 500 g of zeolite with a fraction of 3-5 mm and 125 g of crushed dry potassium humate are placed in a drum-type granulator, and then, with the granulator continuously operating, 125 g of crushed buckwheat husk are added and after 10 minutes 125 g of beet molasses and 125 g of water are added, followed by drying the resulting granules in air (RU2813901).

[0007] The prior art discloses a complex fertilizer based on diatomite and zeolite, characterized by the fact that it contains granulated chicken manure and granulated wood ash (RU2805874).

[0008] The prior art discloses a complex fertilizer based on nanostructured zeolite with soil improver and biostimulant functions (RU2781283).

[0009] Despite the availability of various organic and natural microelement fertilizers, there remains a need to develop and create new fertilizers that can significantly increase crop yields while improving soil fertility.

[0010] Disclosure of invention

[0011] The objective of the present invention is to develop and create an organomineral fertilizer to increase crop yields when growing environmentally friendly and safe agricultural crops, while improving soil characteristics.

[0012] The set complex problem is solved by means of development and creation of organomineral fertilizer, including structured zeolite, amino acid complex (component), water, orthophosphoric acid, cobalt nitrate, iron nitrate, urea and / or ammonium nitrate in the following quantities: structured zeolite 1000 kg; amino acid component 3.3 l; water 70 l; urea and / or ammonium nitrate 25 kg; orthophosphoric acid 500 ml; cobalt nitrate 50 mg; iron nitrate 50 mg.

[0013] In particular embodiments of the invention, the amino acid component is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of the blood of productive animals.

[0014] In particular embodiments of the invention, the amino acid component includes aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, glycine, threonine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, cystine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, proline.

[0015] In particular embodiments of the invention, the structured zeolite has granule fractions from 1.00-5.00 mm, a hole size of up to 6 angstroms, and a porosity of 75-90%.

[0016] In particular embodiments of the invention, urea grade B.

[0017] As a result of the invention, the following technical results are achieved: a new and effective organomineral fertilizer has been developed that contributes to a significant increase in the yield of agricultural crops, in particular grain, fruit and berry crops, vegetables, ornamental plants and shrubs;

[0018] - the organomineral fertilizer according to the invention improves the properties of the soil (physical, chemical, biological) and generally has a positive effect on the “soil-plant” system;

[0019] - the organomineral fertilizer according to the invention helps to increase the resistance of plants to diseases, pest attacks, drought and soil pathogens;

[0020] - the organomineral fertilizer according to the invention, due to the rich content of natural chemical elements, prevents plant root diseases, serves as a source of microelements and a soil thermoregulator, reduces the nitrate content in plant fruits, the fruits are distinguished by increased quality, high content of sugars, ascorbic acid; - the organomineral fertilizer according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the frequency of watering agricultural crops by increasing the moisture-holding capacity of the soil;

[0021] - the organomineral fertilizer according to the invention also acts as a soil deoxidizer; the soil pH (hydrogen index) changes by 1 (one) unit, for example, it was 5.5, it increases to 6.5 after using the fertilizer according to the invention.

[0022] The organomineral fertilizer according to the invention is a bio-fertilizer based on natural structured zeolite, enriched with amino acids and nitrogen-containing components. This fertilizer cannot be compared to known mineral fertilizers. It is an organomineral fertilizer whose operating principle differs significantly from the common understanding of the action of N, P, and K.

[0023] The zeolite in the fertilizer according to the invention is a natural mineral of volcanic sedimentary origin, permeated with fine cavities and channels, giving it the properties of a molecular sieve. These voids are filled with alkali and alkaline earth metal cations and water molecules, which have significant freedom of movement, giving the zeolite high ion-exchange capacity, adsorbent and donor properties, the ability to absorb and release moisture, prolong the action of substances with which it is enriched, and provide essential elements to the soil and living organisms.

[0024] The porous microstructure of the zeolites in the fertilizer composition according to the invention determines its unique properties as an ion exchanger, catalyst, molecular sieve, and adsorbent. The dimensions of the openings are mathematically verified and do not exceed 6 angstroms (A). This quality makes the mineral a "molecular sieve." The channel sizes are sufficient for the penetration of organic molecules and cations, and their total volume together with the pores reaches 50%. The total cation exchange capacity of the native zeolite is 80 mg-eq / 100 g, which increases to 160 mg-eq / 100 g after structuring. A significant role in the exchange belongs to amorphous silicon (up to 35%) (up to 60% after activation) and exchangeable calcium (up to 68% after activation) (up to 90%), exchangeable: potassium (up to 3%), sodium (up to 1%), and magnesium (up to 3%). This gives the zeolite according to the invention a high ion-exchange capacity, the properties of an adsorbent and donor, the ability to absorb and release moisture, and prolong the action of the substances with which it is mixed.

[0025] The amino acid component of the fertilizer according to the invention is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of the blood of productive animals, meaning it is of animal origin and contains a high content of not only amino acids but also vitamins and chelated minerals (zinc and copper). Thus, the use of the amino acid component according to the invention in the fertilizer according to the invention, together with other components, unexpectedly achieves the results disclosed herein. Amino acids are organic biostimulants; they do not have a negative impact on the environment, contribute to increased soil fertility, and are highly effective and cost-effective. Amino acids quickly and easily penetrate cell membranes to the cell nucleus, providing access to essential nutrients naturally and more effectively than chemical fertilizers.

[0026] Natural structured zeolite has become an indispensable carrier for introducing amino acids and nitrogen-containing components into the soil. However, to ensure the zeolite works in the desired direction, it must be structured (modified), which involves mechanical activation, thermal activation, and / or ultrasonic activation.

[0027] The effectiveness of zeolite is significantly enhanced by the introduction of appropriate components that enhance soil biogenicity by increasing the activity of soil microorganisms, including nitrogen-fixing ones. Based on the results of three-year microfield experiments, prolonged activation of the phosphate-reducing microbial function of soils under the influence of zeolite was established, resulting in an increase in the content of mobile (available) phosphorus compounds by 19-37 mg / kg of soil, or 22-43%.

[0028] When introducing a fertilizer based on structured zeolite enriched with the necessary components according to the invention into the soil, a significant activation of ammonifiers and cellulose-decomposing organisms occurred.

[0029] The organomineral fertilizer according to the invention is a biologically active and environmentally safe next-generation fertilizer. It has a positive effect on the physicochemical and agrochemical properties of the soil, optimizing its structural state and acid-base balance, as well as the phosphorus and silicon nutrition of crops, which ultimately has a positive impact on their yield and the quality of the resulting products. Furthermore, it exhibits sorption properties for many toxicants (heavy metals, pesticide residues, etc.), thereby promoting the production of environmentally friendly crop products.

[0030] The fertilizer according to the invention allows for a reduction in the frequency of watering by increasing the soil's water-holding capacity. With its high sorption capacity, the zeolite in the fertilizer according to the invention has unique properties: the ability to absorb moisture (night moisture) and then gradually release it to plants. Using the fertilizer according to the invention in arid, hot areas allows for extended periods without watering, without deteriorating the soil layer or plant health. The fertilizer according to the invention is a good soil deoxidizer. Acidic soils have a pH below 6, i.e., 5-5.5. Using the fertilizer according to the invention deoxidizes acidic soils. The pH shifts by 1, i.e., if the soil pH is 5.5, after applying the fertilizer, it becomes 6.5. In Russia, 49.5% of all soils are acidic. Acidic soils are characterized by rapid weed growth, poor germination, low yields, and reduced quality of the resulting product.Some crops don't grow at all in acidic soils. Soil deoxidation, also known as liming, is carried out using chalk, lime, or dolomite flour in large quantities—5 to 10 tons per hectare. The application of a fertilizer according to the invention is more effective, requiring only 250 kg of the fertilizer per hectare. Furthermore, all known deoxidizers are not fertilizers. In this case, a comprehensive effect is achieved—deoxidizer, fertilizer, and soil reclamation agent (improver).

[0031] Detailed disclosure of the invention

[0032] Brief description of the drawings

[0033] Figure 1. Zeolite structure. The zeolite crystal lattice is constructed of rings formed by aluminum-silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons. It has a complex system of microcavities and channels housing exchangeable alkali and alkaline earth metal cations and zeolitic water molecules.

[0034] Definitions (terms)

[0035] For a better understanding of the present invention, certain terms used in this description of the invention are provided below. The following definitions apply throughout this document unless otherwise specified.

[0036] In this description and in the following claims, unless the context otherwise requires, the words "have," "include," and "contain," or variations thereof, such as "has," "having," "includes," "including," "contains," or "comprising," are to be understood as including the stated whole or group of wholes, but not excluding any other whole or group of wholes. These terms are not intended to be construed as "consists solely of."

[0037] The term "and / or" means one, more than one, or all of the listed elements.

[0038] Also here, listing numeric ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range.

[0039] The term "structured zeolite" in this document refers to technologically processed natural zeolite, i.e., one that has undergone mechanical activation under factory conditions, thermal activation at a temperature of exactly 400°C under a high-speed firing regime, from which excess slags and chemically bound water are removed as much as possible, the porosity and diameter of the "entrance windows of the zeolite lattice" are increased, as is the mobility of exchangeable cations. It also refers to ultrasonic activation, which promotes increased ion-exchange capacity, increased porosity (i.e., opening closed pores), facilitates dealumination, and increased amorphous silicon. Zeolite processing modes, i.e., the stages (mechanical, thermal, and / or ultrasonic), are carried out in accordance with the mineralogical and chemical composition of the original quarry zeolite. All three stages, two, or even one may be used.The total cation exchange capacity of the structured zeolite is up to 160 mg-eq / 100 g, the ion exchange capacity is 0.32 mg / eq / g, the true density is 2.20 g / cm. 3 , bulk density 0.7 g / cm 3 , granule fraction - from 1.00-5.00 mm, porosity 75-90%.

[0040] Structured ion exchange zeolite:

[0041] Silicon - 59-70% (amorphous up to 60%); calcium - 11-16% (86...88% exchangeable calcium);

[0042] Potassium - 1.5-2.8%; phosphorus -0.3-0.5%; magnesium -1.3%; iron - 1.9-2.5%; copper - 0.1%; zinc - 0.3-0.5%; manganese - 0.03%; cobalt - 0.02%.

[0043] Structured zeolite is characterized by a high content of amorphous silicon. Amorphous silicon, a key element in structured zeolite, plays a crucial role in plant nutrition. In its free state, it readily enters soil solutions and converts into silicic acid, which facilitates the release of phosphorus, which is inaccessible to plants in the soil, converts it into a more accessible form, and delivers it to the cell membranes of the plant root system.

[0044] Structured zeolites that have undergone thermomechanical processing are capable of adsorbing other substances instead of water: ammonium, alcohol, NO2, H2S, etc. This results in a unique ability to undergo ion exchange and adsorb nanometer-sized molecules. A network of channels and cavities creates a pore system, the surface area of ​​which (the internal surface of the adsorbent) can be hundreds of square meters per gram.

[0045] The term "amino acid complex (component)" in this document means a concentrate consisting of 17 amino acids, with a total protein content of 20 to 37%, having high biological activity and small amino acid sizes (up to 0.4-7.2 nm), the composition includes mineral elements in chelated form (copper, zinc) and vitamins A, D and group B, obtained by the method of enzymatic hydrolysis of animal slaughter products (blood) as described below in Example 2, that is, it is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of the blood of productive animals.

[0046] Aminogram of the amino acid component according to the invention, g / 100 g of product:

[0047] Aspartic acid - 3.31 ±0.50;

[0048] Glutamic acid - 2.88±0.43;

[0049] Serine - 0.70±0.11;

[0050] Histidine - 0.52±0.08;

[0051] Glycine - 0.95±0.14;

[0052] Threonine - 0.60±0.09;

[0053] Arginine -0.89±0.13;

[0054] Alanine -1.30±0.19;

[0055] Tyrosine - 1.15±0.17;

[0056] Cystine - 0.32±0.05;

[0057] Valine - 1.82±0.27;

[0058] Methionine - 0.42±0.06;

[0059] Phenylalanine - 1.76±0.26;

[0060] Isoleucine - 3.18±0.48;

[0061] Leucine - 4.46±0.67;

[0062] Lysine - 7.41±1.11;

[0063] Proline - 3.10±0.46.

[0064] Mass fraction of nutrients - 35.5±0.2.

[0065] The amino acid component also contains vitamins and minerals: vitamin A (retinol) - 8,300±2,000 IU / l, D3 (cholecalciferol) - 510,000±120,000 IU / l, B1 (thiamine) - 4.31±0.26 g / l, B2 (riboflavin) - 3.2±0.26 g / l, B6 (pyridoxine) - 2.38±0.19 g and microelements: copper - 7.6±1.8 mg / kg, zinc - 45.3±9.5 mg / kg.

[0066] Thus, the amino acid component according to the invention is of natural (animal origin), and is enriched not only with amino acids, but also with vitamins and minerals.

[0067] Orthophosphoric acid is an ideal fertilizer for plants that require additional phosphorus for healthy growth and development. Its positive effects on plants include:

[0068] - Root stimulation: phosphorus, contained in orthophosphoric acid, plays a key role in the development of the plant root system. It promotes the formation and strengthening of roots, which ensures the effective absorption of moisture and nutrients from the soil. Orthophosphoric acid is an indispensable tool for stimulating the growth of the root system and ensuring the healthy development of plants; - Improved flower and fruit set: Drip irrigation using orthophosphoric acid promotes more efficient flower and fruit set in many crops. Thanks to its fertilizing properties, orthophosphoric acid promotes the formation of high-quality and abundant harvests. This is especially important for crops such as grapes, strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, tomatoes, and cucumbers;

[0069] - Improved frost resistance of plants: Plants treated with orthophosphoric acid exhibit increased frost resistance. This is especially important in unstable weather conditions, when plants are at risk of frost. Orthophosphoric acid helps plants survive unfavorable temperatures and maintain their viability;

[0070] - Stimulation of soil microflora development: Orthophosphoric acid has a positive effect on the soil, promoting the growth of soil bacteria and other microorganisms. This influences the soil structure, improves its permeability, and facilitates more efficient nutrient utilization. Furthermore, orthophosphoric acid helps suppress the formation of harmful organic matter that can harm plants.

[0071] In plants, cobalt occurs in ionic form and as a component of vitamin B12. The average cobalt content in plants is 0.00002%. Its amount can range from 0.021 to 11.6 mg per 1 kg of dry weight. Plants, like animals, do not synthesize vitamin B12 themselves. It is produced by bacteria in plant root nodules and is involved in the synthesis of methionine. Cobalt is responsible for the accumulation of alkaloids and vitamins and for accelerating the onset of plant developmental phases. In plants, cobalt:

[0072] • affects the accumulation of nitrogenous substances and carbohydrates;

[0073] • intensifies their outflow from vegetative organs to generative ones;

[0074] • increases the intensity of respiration and photosynthesis;

[0075] • promotes the formation of chlorophyll and reduces its breakdown.

[0076] Cobalt also increases the total water content of plants, especially during drought, and is absolutely essential for the proliferation of nodule bacteria and their nitrogen fixation.

[0077] Iron exists in various forms in soil, and in soils with a high organic content, it is found in chelated form. A chelated form is a combination of a mineral, in this case iron, with an amino acid. In this combination, the organic amino acids bind to the iron as ligands (a donor-acceptor interaction). In this molecule, the iron is contained within an amino acid shell, which preserves it and transports it to the plant cell. Chelated compounds can be with various metal ions, such as magnesium, zinc, and manganese. The key to chelated compounds is that plants absorb and utilize chelated forms of metal ions much more efficiently than those with other forms.

[0078] Plants require iron for oxidation-reduction processes involving enzymes. In other words, plants require iron to form chlorophyll. Iron is also involved in the formation of chloroplast proteins. Iron deficiency prevents the formation of cytochromes, which are important components of chloroplasts. In addition to disrupted photosynthesis, iron deficiency in plants also exhibits visible signs of deficiency, which can be identified by specific changes in the leaf blade. Leaf color changes begin, and the plant itself begins to stunt. A typical visual sign is interveinal chlorosis. This causes the leaf blade to lighten in color without affecting the veins. If iron deficiency becomes severe, irreversible damage to the leaf blade begins, and it no longer remains on the stem (branch). A critical iron deficiency can lead to plant death.

[0079] Implementation of the invention

[0080] Example 1. Obtaining a structured zeolite according to the invention.

[0081] The structured zeolite according to the invention is of natural origin—a volcanic-sedimentary mineral rock whose crystal lattice is constructed of rings formed by aluminum-silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons (Figure 1). It has a complex system of microcavities and channels housing exchangeable alkali and alkaline earth metal cations and zeolitic water molecules, which have significant freedom of movement.

[0082] The composition of the mineral rock includes: clinoptilolite, montmorillonite, biocalcite, mordenite, and siliceous opal.

[0083] Natural (native) zeolite is placed in storage, where it undergoes homogenization by aging for at least 1-3 months. The zeolite is then sent to the processing line, where it undergoes cascade mechanical activation. Cascade mechanical activation of natural zeolite alters the mineralogical composition of the feedstock, specifically purifying the natural zeolite from impurities and producing a product with the maximum content of the active components—clinoptilolite and montmorillonite. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms this. Mechanical activation is based on the difference in the Mohs hardness of the minerals that make up the zeolite rock.

[0084] After mechanical activation, the zeolite is transported via a conveyor system to the kiln for thermal activation. The kiln has a complex structure and allows for high-speed structuring at a strictly controlled temperature of 400°C, as the main component of zeolite rock is clinoptilolite, which does not tolerate high temperatures.

[0085] During thermal activation, chemically bound water is removed, pores are opened, the diameter of the “entrance windows of the zeolite lattice” increases, the mobility of exchange cations increases, and most importantly, the content of amorphous silicon increases.

[0086] The mineral then enters refrigeration units, where it is intensively cooled to 30°C. This cooling process stops oxidation-reduction processes. Ventilation systems, which ensure air recirculation, are used in this process.

[0087] The material is then sent to a vibrating screen for sorting into fractions of 1 to 5 mm. Large fractions of 5-10 mm are sent for additional crushing and then again for screening. The ion-exchange capacity of the finished material is 0.32 mg / eq / g, and the true density is 2.22 g / cm. 3 , bulk density 0.7 g / cm 3 Moisture absorption - 5 l per 1 kg.

[0088] Example 2. Obtaining an amino acid component according to the invention.

[0089] The amino acid component of the invention is of animal origin. It can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the blood of productive animals.

[0090] The process of hydrolysis of blood of productive animals is carried out in a reactor with a volume of 1.0 m 3, reactor filling factor of 0.8. In the preparatory stage, 8.0 kg of bovine pancreas are crushed and a suspension is prepared by adding 8.0 kg of water and stirring. Bovine blood mixed with water in a ratio of 2:1 is poured into the reactor (700 l of the mixture), the reactor is heated to a temperature of 50° C and the first stage of enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out for 10 hours using bovine pancreatic enzymes. Next, a citric acid solution is prepared by dissolving 20 kg of citric acid in 100 l of water and adding it to the reaction mixture. The second stage of hydrolysis is carried out at a constant temperature for 2 hours, then the enzymatic hydrolysis is inactivated by increasing the temperature to 80° C for 40 minutes. The mixture is cooled.

[0091] The resulting product is an amino acid component in the composition of the feed additive according to the invention.

[0092] As follows from the methodology above, the present invention provides for the use of by-products of the slaughter of productive animals (blood, endocrine glands), as a result of which emissions and pollution of the environment are reduced, as well as energy costs for the disposal of by-products of the slaughter of productive animals.

[0093] Example 3. Obtaining an organomineral fertilizer according to the invention.

[0094] The fertilizer according to the invention is obtained by enriching a structured zeolite with an amino acid component, as well as urea and / or ammonium nitrate and other components according to the invention, using specialized equipment (for example, as described in RU206018). Preparation of a solution mixture, in accordance with the recipe, is carried out by dissolving 25 kg of urea and / or ammonium nitrate in 70 liters of water (ionized or distilled), where the water should be warm, but not exceeding 35°C, while slowly stirring and adding 3.3 liters of the amino acid component obtained in Example 2 above. Then add 500 ml of orthophosphoric acid, 50 mg of cobalt nitrate and 50 mg of iron nitrate. Using a submersible pump, smoothly mix all components; vigorous stirring is prohibited; foaming is not allowed.

[0095] Zeolite (1000 kg) is saturated with the concentrated aqueous solution obtained above in batch mixers. The structured zeolite is fed into the mixing unit (e.g., as described in RU206018), then the solution mixture is fed through the installed nozzles while being mixed.

[0096] In this installation, a synergistic interaction occurs, rather than a simple mixing of the structured zeolite and the components embedded in it.

[0097] Example 4. Study of the effect of the fertilizer according to the invention on the yield of agricultural crops and soil properties.

[0098] An organomineral fertilizer based on structured zeolite enriched with amino acids and urea and / or ammonium nitrate according to the invention has a complex positive effect on the fundamental properties of the soil (physical, chemical, biological) and on the soil-plant system as a whole, ensuring an increase in the yield of agricultural crops at the level or higher than mineral fertilizers with greater economic efficiency and environmental safety of the products.

[0099] Below are the results of testing zeolite-based fertilizers in agricultural crop cultivation.

[0100] Corn

[0101] Field experiments were conducted at the Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University's experimental field in strict compliance with all methodological requirements. Laboratory analyses of soil and plant samples were conducted in accordance with relevant GOST standards. The soil of the experimental plot consisted of leached, medium-loamy chernozem, characterized by high phosphorus and potassium levels (180 and 145 mg / kg of soil), low humus content (4.5%), and a slightly acidic soil solution (5.4 pH units). Changes in key soil fertility indicators under the influence of the proposed fertilizer are discussed below.

[0102] Agrophysical condition

[0103] The need to study the agrophysical properties of soil and methods for improving them stems from the fact that their regulation is crucial for creating optimal conditions for plants. The most significant indicators of soil physical condition are: structure, bulk density, and the ratio of capillary to non-capillary porosity. These parameters determine the water, air, and nutrient regimes of the soil. The results of a study of the agrophysical properties of chernozem leached by applying the fertilizer according to the invention to corn are presented in Table 1 below.

[0104] The obtained data demonstrate good structure of the leached chernozem in the experimental field (control): the amount of agronomically valuable aggregates during dry sifting is 57.4%, which ensures stable soil structure. However, agricultural use of these aggregates is accompanied by a gradual loss of structure if measures are not taken to preserve the physical condition of the soil, as evidenced by the structure coefficient in the control, which is significantly lower than the optimal value (>2.3). Consequently, the arable layer is sufficiently compacted and does not meet the requirements of the cultivated crop (corn), which requires a soil density of 0.98-1.10 g / cm. 3 .

[0105] Table 1. Agrophysical indicators of the arable layer of leached chernozem depending on the application of fertilizer to the soil (0-30 cm).

[0106] *Aggregates measuring 10-0.25 mm are agronomically valuable.

[0107] Application of the fertilizer according to the invention (containing urea) at a rate of 250 kg / ha significantly improved the physical condition of the arable layer (0-30 cm). Moreover, the number of agronomically valuable aggregates with sizes of 0-0.25 mm increased significantly with dry sifting (by 18.5%, absolute value) and the structure coefficient doubled. The soil acquired an optimal density for corn (1.14 g / cm). 3 ). The loosening of the arable layer undoubtedly occurred under the influence of the structuring effect of the fertilizer according to the invention on the aggregate composition of the soil.

[0108] Biological properties

[0109] The agrophysical condition of the soil has the strongest direct impact on its biological properties. The functions of microorganisms are extremely diverse. As living organisms, they respond most sensitively and quickly to all soil interventions, both natural and anthropogenic. Table 2 shows the abundance of the main ecological and physiological groups of microorganisms that are most important for plant nutrition.

[0110] Table 2. The number of functional groups of microorganisms depending on the application in the corn fertilization system, CFU / 1 g of absolute dry soil.

[0111] As evidenced by the data in Table 2, when introducing the fertilizer according to the invention into the soil, significantly improved data were obtained compared to the control and simply with the introduction of unenriched zeolite, including a significant activation of ammonifiers.

[0112] Zeolite-based fertilizer helps maintain humus content and reserves. Changes in the abundance of ecological groups of microorganisms in the soil were accompanied by corresponding variability in enzymes, since the latter are produced by microorganisms.

[0113] Thus, when applied to the soil, the fertilizer according to the invention has a significant impact on the vital activity of soil microorganisms, primarily by improving its physical condition. This directly determines the soil's nutrient status.

[0114] Agrochemical condition

[0115] Soil nutrient levels are a criterion for optimal soil properties, essential for normal crop growth and development, as well as high crop yields. Table 3 shows the dynamics of the essential nutrient content in available form in the arable layer of leached chernozem, depending on the use of zeolite and the fertilizer according to the invention. Table 3. Dynamics of nutrient content in leached chernozem, mg / kg soil.

[0116] Product yield and quality are integral indicators of the effectiveness of all agricultural practices used in crop cultivation. Regarding the fertilization system, it must ensure a balanced supply of all plant nutrients under any soil and climate conditions. This applies not only to essential macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also silicon and micronutrients. Corn grain yield is presented in Table 4.

[0117] Table 4. Corn grain yield depending on the use of zeolite or fertilizer according to the invention in the system.

[0118] *Azophoska was used as a complete mineral fertilizer.

[0119] Research results showed that applying the fertilizer according to the invention to the soil significantly increased corn grain yield: an average of over 2 tons per hectare over two years. These results demonstrate the high effectiveness of the fertilizer according to the invention. Application of this fertilizer contributed to improvements in all corn grain quality indicators (Table 5).

[0120] Table 5. Quality of corn grain, %.

[0121] Environmental assessment of grain

[0122] Among the large number of various chemical substances entering the environment from anthropogenic sources, a special place is occupied by heavy metals, both those performing certain functions in the body and those not having such, with an atomic mass of more than 50 amu, found in elevated concentrations in environmental objects (soil, water, atmosphere, organisms). According to the degree of toxicity of heavy metals, 3 classes are distinguished: Class 1 - especially toxic (Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn); Class 2 - toxic (B, Co, Cu, Md, Ni, Sb, Cr); Class 3 - slightly toxic (Ba, V, W, Mn, Sr). An environmental assessment of corn grain was carried out, for the cultivation of which zeolite and fertilizer according to the invention were used (Table 6).

[0123] Table 6. Effect of zeolite and mineral fertilizers on the content of mobile heavy metal compounds in soil, mg / kg.

[0124] An environmental assessment of corn grain has shown that the fertilizer according to the invention is a means of not only increasing yields, but also producing environmentally friendly products.

[0125] Potatoes, tomatoes

[0126] Work was carried out on the subsidiary farm in field plots for growing vegetable crops, such as potatoes and tomatoes, using fertilizer according to the invention (containing urea B and ammonium nitrate).

[0127] Table 7 shows data on the dynamics of potato leaf area formation.

[0128] Table 7. Dynamics of potato leaf area formation depending on fertilizer.

[0129] Research results showed that potato yields are significantly higher with the use of the fertilizer according to the invention. The timing of fertilizer application may depend on soil and climate conditions. It is recommended to apply the fertilizer according to the invention in the fall before plowing. Alternatively, this fertilizer can be used in the spring. Furthermore, targeted application during potato planting is possible. Furthermore, the fertilizer can be applied after potato planting during the first phase, after full emergence, before the first inter-row cultivation.

[0130] When growing tomatoes, applying 250 kg / ha of the fertilizer according to the invention to the soil significantly improved the physical condition of the arable layer (0-30 cm). This primarily resulted in an increase in the number of agronomically valuable aggregates sized 10-0.25 cm when dry-sifted (by 18.5%, absolute value) and a doubling of the structure coefficient. Furthermore, the effect of the fertilizer according to the invention on tomato quality was studied; the results are presented in Table 8.

[0131] Table 8. Effect of the fertilizer according to the invention on the quality of tomato products (mg / kg nitrates).

[0132] The application of the fertilizer according to the invention improved plant nutrition with all essential micronutrients. Furthermore, the content of mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer increased by 6.5 mg / kg (35%), and silicon by 10.3 mg / kg (37%). The amount of available phosphorus increased by 16 mg / kg (11%). Tomato yield data is presented below in Table 9.

[0133] Table 9. Tomato yield with the application of different fertilizer options.

[0134] Thus, the data presented in Table 9 convincingly demonstrate a significant increase in tomato yield as a result of using the fertilizer according to the invention.

[0135] Table 10 below provides data on the effect of the fertilizer according to the invention on the content of heavy metals and radioactive elements in tomato fruits, mg / kg in natural substance.

[0136] Table 10. Effect of the fertilizer according to the invention on the content of heavy metals and radioactive elements in tomato fruits, mg / kg in natural substance.

[0137] Sunflower, spring rape

[0138] When cultivating sunflower and spring rapeseed, the amount of fertilizer applied (with urea B) was 250 kg / ha, with the crop area being 1 ha. The yield was measured using a combine harvester across the entire crop area.

[0139] Table 11. Yield and quality indicators of rapeseed and sunflower seeds depending on the use of fertilizer according to the invention.

[0140] As demonstrated by experiments, the use of the fertilizer according to the invention resulted in a very significant increase in rapeseed yield by 0.87 t / ha, or 72.5%, and a 13% increase in sunflower yield. A significant improvement in product quality was also observed, most notably a 4.1% increase in fat content in oilseeds, particularly sunflower seeds. Thus, the results obtained under real-world agricultural conditions demonstrated the fertilizer's high effectiveness in terms of both increased yield and product quality.

[0141] Winter wheat, millet

[0142] The soil of the experimental field is typical medium-deep, medium-loamy chernozem with a humus content of 4.7%, available phosphorus and potassium compounds of 185 and 196 mg / kg, respectively, and a pH of 6.9 units (when cultivating winter wheat and millet).

[0143] When cultivating the above crops, the amount of fertilizer applied (with urea B) was 250 kg / ha, the area of ​​the plot was 20 m 2 , their placement was randomized, and the experiment was repeated four times. The results obtained are presented in Table 12.

[0144] Table 12. Effect of fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat and millet

[0145] The low yield of winter wheat should be noted, not exceeding 2.0 t / ha in the control trial, while under favorable conditions it is capable of producing 4.0-5.0 t / ha of grain. In this case, the droughty autumn conditions played a role, with available moisture in the arable layer reaching critical levels, resulting in late, uneven, and sparse emergence of winter crops.

[0146] Nevertheless, applying 250 kg / ha of zeolite to the soil resulted in a yield 11% higher than the control. However, high grain yields in winter wheat were achieved by applying the same amount of the fertilizer according to the invention as zeolite; the increase in grain yield compared to the pure zeolite application almost doubled, reaching 0.39 t / ha, or 20%. Millet showed exceptional responsiveness to the application of the fertilizer according to the invention: grain yield exceeded the control by 1.17 t / ha (46%).

[0147] Although the invention has been described with reference to the disclosed embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the specific experiments described in detail are provided merely for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. It should be understood that various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

Invention formula 1. An organomineral fertilizer comprising structured zeolite, an amino acid component, water, orthophosphoric acid, cobalt nitrate, iron nitrate, urea and / or ammonium nitrate in the following quantities: structured zeolite 1000 kg; amino acid component 3.3 l; water 70 l; urea and / or ammonium nitrate 25 kg; orthophosphoric acid 500 ml; cobalt nitrate 50 mg; iron nitrate 50 mg.

2. An organomineral fertilizer according to claim 1, in which the amino acid component is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of the blood of productive animals.

3. An organomineral fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the amino acid component includes aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, glycine, threonine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, cystine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, proline.

4. An organomineral fertilizer according to claim 1, in which the structured zeolite has a granule fraction of 1.00-5.00 mm, a hole size of up to 6 angstroms, and a porosity of 75-90%.

5. An organomineral fertilizer according to item 1, in which the urea is grade B.

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