Working platform for functional hydro structures

Abstract

A working platform that may be used at a site of a functional hydro structure, such as a dam, powerhouse, impoundment structure, sea wall, levee, tailings dam, or the like, constructed at least in part of precast segments is described herein. The working platform supports the functional hydro structure assembled thereon, which includes, at least in part, precast segments. Related methods for constructing a functional hydro structure are provided.

Description

Docket No. 4420.1013003Working Platform for Functional Hydro StructuresRELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 712,974, filed on October 28, 2024, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 701,484, filed on September 30, 2024. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] In constructing functional hydro structures, conventional techniques often suffer from drawbacks such as extensive costs and time required to cure materials such as poured concrete at the site of construction. Conventionally, time and resources are needed to allow concrete that is used at each stage of assembly to cure in its position in the assembled structure. The resulting delay in construction can, for example, produce great opportunity costs in assembling a functional hydro structure. For example, the structure can often not be used to produce power or perform other beneficial hydro roles until the extensive time to complete curing of concrete at each of the multiple structural stages of the functional hydro structure is sufficiently complete.SUMMARY

[0003] In accordance with embodiments of the invention, a working platform may be used at a site of a functional hydro structure, such as a dam, powerhouse, impoundment structure, sea wall, levee, tailings dam, or the like, constructed at least in part of precast segments. The working platform supports a structure assembled thereon that includes, at least in part, precast segments. Related methods for constructing a functional hydro structure are provided.

[0004] In one embodiment according to the invention, there is provided a working platform for use at a site of a functional hydro structure, the functional hydro structure being constructed at least in part of a plurality of precast modules. The embodiment of the working platform comprises a layer of material configured to support the functional hydro structure thereon. A plurality of alignment elements is configured to align the plurality of precast modules to couple to a hydro facing surface of the working platform. A plurality of cleat projections extends from a ground facing surface of the working platform. A plurality of ground-couple elements are configured to couple the working platform to ground, at least some of the plurality of ground-- 1 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 couple elements projecting from at least some of the cleat projections extending from the ground facing surface of the working platform.

[0005] In further, related embodiments, the working platform may further comprise a connection bar embedded within the working platform, the connection bar being configured to stabilize a relative position of the plurality of alignment elements when the plurality of precast modules is coupled to the working platform. A coupler may be embedded in the working platform, the coupler configured to reinforce the at least one alignment element when the plurality of precast modules is coupled to the working platform. An alignment element of the plurality of alignment elements may comprise (i) a threaded rod extending between the connection bar and the coupler and (ii) a linkage extending from the coupler through a surface of a precast module of the plurality of precast modules. The working platform may further comprise a plate element coupled to an end of an alignment element of the plurality of alignment elements that extends through a surface of a precast module of the plurality of precast modules. At least one cross-brace bar may be embedded within the working platform and that connects on at least one end to the connection bar. A cut-off wall may extend from the working platform, the cut-off wall being configured to prevent leakage of water into an area adjacent to the working platform.

[0006] In further, related embodiments, the working platform may comprise at least one higher elevation portion configured to form a substantially horizontal support of a first portion of the functional hydro structure thereon; at least one lower elevation portion configured to form a substantially horizontal support of a second portion of the functional hydro structure thereon; and at least one substantially vertical portion joining the at least one higher elevation portion to the at least one lower elevation portion. At least a portion of the plurality of ground-couple elements may be configured to support the at least one substantially vertical portion of the working platform, and may be angled at an angle between vertical and horizontal relative to the at least one higher elevation portion of the working platform and the at least one lower elevation portion of the working platform. The working platform may further comprise a precast retaining toe structure mounted to the hydro facing surface of the working platform, the precast retaining toe structure forming at least one opening on a surface of the working platform configured to accept the plurality of precast modules to be mounted to the working platform.

[0007] In further, related embodiments, the working platform may further comprise the plurality of precast modules, which may be linked to each other by a precast module interlinkage. The at least one of the plurality of precast modules may comprise at least one of (i) a precast form, and (ii) a precast segment. The plurality of ground-couple elements may comprise- 2 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 a plurality of rock anchors. The functional hydro structure may comprise at least one of a dam, a powerhouse, an impoundment structure, a sea wall, a levee, and a tailings dam. The working platform may further comprise at least one keyway to form at least one of an orientation and a position of at least one precast module of the plurality of precast modules to at least one of (i) fit to the hydro facing surface of the working platform and (ii) align relative to at least one other precast module of the plurality of precast modules. The working platform may further comprise a planar cross brace on the hydro facing surface of the working platform, the planar cross brace coupling at least some of the plurality of alignment elements. At least one precast module of the plurality of precast modules may be fitted to a support of excavation wall by a keyway. The plurality of precast modules may comprise a collection of precast modules configured to fit together to hold a flow tube element of the functional hydro structure. The plurality of precast modules may comprise a collection of precast modules configured to fit together to hold a turbine seat of the functional hydro structure. At least some of the plurality of ground-couple elements may be configured to support at least a portion of the working platform at a nonhorizontal slope along the ground.

[0008] In another embodiment according to the invention, there is provided a method for constructing a functional hydro structure. The method comprises coupling a plurality of groundcouple elements into ground upon which a working platform will be supported; forming a plurality of cleat projections, at least some of the plurality of cleat projections being mounted to a working platform facing end of at least some of the plurality of ground-couple elements; forming a layer of material of the working platform to support the functional hydro structure thereon, the layer of material being supported by the plurality of ground-couple elements, such that the plurality of cleat projections extend from a ground facing surface of the working platform; and positioning a plurality of alignment elements within the layer of material to permit alignment of a plurality of precast modules to a hydro facing surface of the working platform.

[0009] In further, related embodiments, the method may further comprise forming a cut-off wall extending from the working platform, the cut-off wall being configured to prevent leakage of water into an area adjacent to the working platform. The plurality of precast modules may be mounted to the hydro facing surface of the working platform. A collection of precast modules may be assembled to hold a flow tube element of the functional hydro structure. The method may further comprise assembling a collection of precast modules to hold a turbine seat of the functional hydro structure. Mounting the plurality of precast modules to the hydro facing surface of the working platform may comprise mounting at least one precast form to the hydro facing- 3 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 surface of the working platform. The method may comprise fitting at least one precast segment within the at least one precast form on the hydro facing surface of the working platform. The method may comprise, prior to forming the working platform, removing water from the site at which the working platform is to be formed. The method may further comprise pre-treating ground at the site prior to forming the working platform. At least some of the plurality of ground-couple elements may be configured to support at least a portion of the working platform at a non-horizontal slope along the ground.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The foregoing will be apparent from the following more particular description of example embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating embodiments.

[0011] FIGS. 1A-1C show example embodiments of working platforms.

[0012] FIG. 2A shows a perspective view of an example embodiment of a working platform coupled to multiple rock bolts.

[0013] FIG. 2B shows a perspective view of an example embodiment of a working platform coupled to multiple cleats, rock bolts, and diffusers, the diffusers being coupled to a downstream side of the working platform.

[0014] FIGS. 3A and 3B show an example embodiment of a working platform comprising cutoff walls, cleats, and rock bolts.

[0015] FIG. 4A shows an example embodiment of a precast module.

[0016] FIG. 4B shows an example embodiment of a working platform.

[0017] FIG. 5 shows an example embodiment of a working platform.

[0018] FIGS. 6A-6D show example embodiments of working platforms and embedment (i.e., embedded) components.

[0019] FIGS. 7A-7C show example embodiments of elements inside a working platform.

[0020] FIGS. 8A-8C show example embodiments of embedment components that may be associated with a working platform.

[0021] FIGS. 9 A and 9B show example embodiments of embedment components.

[0022] FIG. 10 shows example embodiments of embedment components.

[0023] FIGS. 11 A-l 1C shows example embodiments of components that may be associated with a dam.

[0024] FIGS. 12A and 12B show example embodiments of a dam assembly.- 4 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003

[0025] FIGS. 13A and 13B show an example embodiment of a dam assembly.

[0026] FIGS. 14A-14C shows example embodiments of working platforms.

[0027] FIGS. 15A and 15B show an example embodiment of working platform linkages.

[0028] FIGS. 16A and 16B show example embodiments of unitary working platform linkages.

[0029] FIGS. 17A and 17B show example embodiments of working platform linkages.

[0030] FIG. 18 shows example embodiments of embedment linkages.

[0031] FIG. 19 shows example embodiments of block-to-block linkages (also referred to as module-to-module linkages).

[0032] FIG. 20 shows an example embodiment of an intake wall comprising modular precast concrete blocks.

[0033] FIG. 21 shows an example embodiment of a module to support of excavation (SOE) wall connections.

[0034] FIGS. 22A and 22B show example embodiments of draft tube module connections.

[0035] FIG. 23 shows example embodiments of precast draft tubes.

[0036] FIG. 24 shows example embodiments of column connections.

[0037] FIG. 25 shows example embodiments of hatch cover connections.

[0038] FIG. 26 shows example embodiments of turbine seat connections.

[0039] FIG. 27 shows example embodiments of turbine seat connections.

[0040] FIG. 28 shows example embodiments of turbine seat connections.

[0041] FIGS. 29A and 29B show example embodiments of turbine seat connections.

[0042] FIGS. 30A-30C show an example embodiment of turbine seat assembly.

[0043] FIG. 31 shows an example embodiment in which ground-couple elements can support portions of the working platform that ascend and descend at any slope along the ground.

[0044] FIG. 32 shows a side view of the example embodiment of FIG. 31, in which groundcouple elements support a portion that conforms to a hill or mountain surface, while groundcouple elements are anchored on a riverbed.

[0045] FIG. 33 shows a projection view of a finished functional hydro structure supported on a working platform of FIGS. 31 and 32 that conforms to a hill or mountain surface.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] A description of example embodiments follows.

[0047] In accordance with embodiments of the invention, a working platform may be used at a site of a functional hydro structure, such as a dam, powerhouse, impoundment structure, sea- 5 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 wall, levee, tailings dam, or the like, where the functional hydro structure is constructed at least in part of precast segments. The working platform may be entirely made of poured concrete that may be of any thickness, from several inches to multiple tens of feet. The working platform may be made of any material that can be poured or otherwise constructed to form a working platform to support a structure assembled thereon that includes, at least in part, precast segments.

[0048] FIGS. 1A-1C show example embodiments of working platforms. The working platform 100 is used at a site of a functional hydro structure 105, which is constructed at least in part of precast modules 107. As shown in FIGS. 1 A-1C, working platforms can be configured to support a variety of different possible sizes and shapes of functional hydro structures, including those that have a first portion 333 and a second portion 337 that operate on two different elevation portions 331 and 335, as discussed further in connection with FIGS. 3 A and 3B (below).

[0049] Turning to FIG. 5, the working platform 100 includes a layer 108 of material configured to support the functional hydro structure 105. Alignment elements 109 are configured to align the precast modules 107 to couple to a hydro facing surface 111 of the working platform 100. The hydro facing surface 111 can, for example, be the surface of the working platform 100 that is opposite the ground facing surface 113 of the working platform 100, which can, for example, face a riverbed or other ground upon which the working platform 100 is supported. Cleat projections 115 extend from the ground facing surface 113. Ground-couple elements 117, which couple the working platform 100 firmly to the ground beneath the working platform, can for example be or include rock anchors, rock bolts, caissons, pile caps or similar that link the working platform 100 to the most stable soil or other geological layer beneath the ground-facing surface 113 of the working platform. Rock anchors or other ground-couple elements 117 can, for example, be formed of mild steel, hardened steel, or an abrasion-resistant steel (such as Hardox® steel, sold by SSAB AB of Stockholm, Sweden). The working platform 100, or the cleat projections 115, can define ports 119 therethrough for the ground-couple elements 117 to couple the working platform 100 to bedrock or other sub-surface feature or structure beneath the ground, such as within a riverbed or hydro location, including natural and man-made hydro locations. After a ground-couple element 117 is projected through a respective port 119, the projected port is filled with material, sealant, or both to prevent leakage therethrough. At least some of the ground-couple elements 117 can project from at least some of the cleat projections 115 that extend from the ground facing surface 113 of the working platform 100. Alternatively, all of the ground-couple elements 117 can project from the cleat projections 115; and in addition,- 6 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 or alternatively, all of the cleat projections 115 can include ground-couple elements 117 projecting from them.

[0050] FIG. 2A shows a perspective view of an example embodiment of a working platform 100 coupled to multiple rock anchors or other ground-couple elements 117, which support the working platform 100. The working platform 100 links to the riverbed or other underlying ground, and accepts the precast modular dam and powerhouse components (or other functional hydro components), which are supported on the working platform 100. The dimensions and design of the ground-couple elements 117 can be determined based on on-site analysis and structural analysis of the working platform 100. A cut-off wall 221, shown further in FIG. 3 A, can be used to prevent leakage under the functional hydro structure, such as a dam. In FIGS. 2A and 2B, example flow directions of water 223 are shown, which indicate the direction in which water will flow over the completed functional hydro structure. Any of a variety of different possible flow directions 223 can be used.

[0051] FIG. 2B shows a perspective view of an example embodiment of a working platform 100 that defines multiple cleat projections 115 on a ground-facing surface 113 of the working platform 100. The cleat projections 115 can, for example, provide auxiliary stress / strain transfer to the soil beneath the working platform 100. Rock anchors or other ground-couple elements 117 project from the cleat projections 115. Diffusers 225 can be coupled on a hydro facing surface 111 of a downstream side of the working platform. In alternative embodiments, the working platform 100 may not be coupled to or define cleat projections 115; and / or may not be coupled to rock anchors or other ground-couple elements 117. In alternative embodiments, the working platform 100 may be coupled to diffusers 225 at the upstream side of the cutoff wall 221; or may not have diffusers 225 coupled to the hydro facing surface 111.

[0052] The cleat projections 115 may be spaced with symmetric or asymmetric distribution, evenly spaced, randomly spaced, strategically placed in accordance with particular below-ground features, or otherwise positioned to provide stability and strength to the working platform 100.

[0053] FIGS. 3A and 3B show an example embodiment of a working platform 100 that includes cutoff walls 221, cleat projections 115, and rock bolts or other ground-couple elements 117. Example flow directions 223 are shown. A cut-off wall 221 extends from the working platform, and is configured to prevent leakage of water into an area 329 adjacent to the working platform, such as an area underneath the working platform 100. The working platform 100 can include at least one higher elevation portion 331 configured to form a substantially horizontal support of a first portion 333 (see FIG. 1 A) of the functional hydro structure thereon, which can- 7 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 be supported above the higher elevation portion 331 in FIGS. 3 A and 3B. In addition, the working platform 100 can include at least one lower elevation portion 335 configured to form a substantially horizontal support of a second portion 337 (see FIG. 1 A) of the functional hydro structure thereon. In addition, at least one substantially vertical portion 339 can join the at least one higher elevation portion 331 to the at least one lower elevation portion 335. For example, a vertical drop of water over a dam or other portion of a functional hydro structure can extend downwards adjacent to a hydro-facing surface 111 of the substantially vertical portion 335.

[0054] The system of cleat projections 115, which are designed to provide auxiliary stress / strain transfer to the soil, can support portions of the working platform that ascend and descend at any slope along the ground. Some or all of the ground-couple elements 117 can be configured to support the substantially vertical portion 339 of the working platform (or to support portions of the working platform at other non-horizontal slopes along the ground), and can be angled at an angle 341 between vertical and horizontal relative to the higher elevation portion 331 and lower elevation portion 335 of the working platform. The anchor angle 341 can be defined based on a geotechnical engineering report.

[0055] The working platform can also include a precast retaining toe structure 343 mounted to the hydro facing surface 111 of the working platform. The precast retaining toe structure 343 forms at least one opening 345 on a surface of the working platform, which is configured to accept the precast modules to be mounted to the working platform 100, such as the example precast module 107 shown in FIG. 4 A. The precast module 107 (see FIG. 4 A) can, for example, be mounted to the working platform 100 using alignment elements 109, as shown in FIG. 4B. In the example of FIG. 4B, a precast module 107 (of FIG. 4 A) can fit within a defined area (marked by lines 451 in FIG. 4B) on the hydro facing surface 111 of the working platform 100, with each precast module 107 (of FIG. 4 A) of a first layer of precast modules of the functional hydro structure being aligned with a defined set of alignment elements 109 (of FIG. 4B), such as four alignment elements 109 that fit into openings (not shown) in the base of the precast module 107 near each of the four corners of the base of the precast module 107.

[0056] Further to the description of FIG. 5 presented above, FIG. 5 shows an example embodiment of a working platform 100. The working platform 100 includes a connection bar 551 embedded within the working platform 100. The connection bar 551 is configured to stabilize the relative position of the alignment elements 109 when the precast modules 107 are coupled to the working platform 100. The embedded connection bar 551 and alignment elements 109 can help to resist overturn and shear on the structure, and can aid in positioning the precast- 8 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 modules 107. Couplers 553 can be embedded in the working platform 100, which reinforce the alignment elements 109 when the precast modules 107 are coupled to the working platform 100. The precast retaining toe structure 343 can be a modular precast structure, and can include a keyway on its bottom surface matching a slot in the working platform 100. The working platform 100 can be cast-in-place or can be at least in part a modular precast structure.

[0057] The working platform 100 can have coupled thereto various elements that can be used by construction teams to align and couple the precast modules 107 to the working platform 100, such as alignment elements 109. Examples of such alignment elements 109 can be dowels, braces, truss systems, prestressed cables, and / or other elements coupled to or embedded within material forming the working platform 100. The alignment elements 109 can, for example, include a threaded rod 967, which is double galvanized chemically and / or physically bonded. The working platform of FIG. 5 further includes the precast modules 107, the precast retaining toe structure 343, cut-off wall 221, the cleat projections 115, and the ground-couple elements 117. Further matting can be used in addition to cut-off wall 221, for example rubber matting placed upstream or downstream of the cut-off wall 221, to provide additional protection from water. The cut-off wall 221 can, for example, be placed at an angle (such as a 45-degree angle) to the flow stream of water, in a manner that is configured to promote deflection of water.

[0058] The reinforcement and ground-couple elements 117 of the working platform 100 (as well as other components taught herein) can be placed using equipment that allows exact placement, such as a total station instrument (or similar equipment to achieve tolerances), which is an electronic / optical instrument in which, typically, an electronic transit theodolite is integrated with electronic distance measurement (EDM) to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an on-board computer to collect data and perform triangulation and other calculations. In some example embodiments, the working platform may not include or be coupled to one or more of the elements shown in FIG. 5. Some embodiments may include rebar, but rebar is not shown in FIG. 5 (for clarity).

[0059] FIGS. 6A-6D shows example embodiments of working platforms and embedment components. In FIG. 6A, there is shown a top view of a first layer of precast modules 107 linked to the working platform 100. As shown in FIG. 6A, the precast modules 107 can be precast forms, which include an open space 657 into which other components can fit. For example, a precast segment can be fit into the open space 657 within a precast form, including a precast segment that is configured to function as dead weight or ballast within the functional hydro structure. The precast modules 107 can, alternatively, themselves be precast segments, without- 9 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 an open space 657 within them. In FIGS. 6C and 6D, there is shown a side view of an embedded reinforcement within the working platform 100, which includes the connection bar 551 and the alignment elements 109 that accept the precast modules 107. In FIG. 6B, there is shown a section view of the working platform and the precast modules 107 linked to it, in which the precast modules 107 are linked to each other by a precast module inter-linkage 659. In some embodiments, one or more layers of protective material can be applied on any side of the precast modules 107, such as one or more of neoprene, water stop, and grout. In one example, a neoprene layer can be applied on one side of a precast module 107 that is opposite from another side of the precast module 107 that has water stop applied to it, so that the neoprene layer provides the ability to adjust tolerances between blocks as the precast modules 107 are placed next to each other. In some embodiments, both neoprene layer and a water stop layer can be applied to at least one side of a precast module 107. One or more layers of one or more protective materials, such as neoprene, water stop, and grout, can be applied to one or more sides of a precast module 107, including between precast modules 107, and between a precast module 107 and the working platform 100. Outer layers of an assembled structure that includes precast modules 107 can use such layers of protective materials. In some embodiments, a tolerance between precast modules 107 can be one-quarter inch or less, such as one-sixteenth of an inch or less; and tolerances between linkages can be one-quarter inch or less, such as one-sixteenth of an inch or less. Seismic relief protection can be applied in or between linkages and / or precast modules and other components. In some example embodiments, certified manufacturer and 1 / 16” tolerance on elements applies. In alternative embodiments, a different tolerance may apply. Components can be moisture resistant, and can be seismic resistant depending on the site loading criteria. Water stop can, for example, be used between members of the structure.

[0060] FIGS. 7A-7C show example embodiments of linkage elements inside a working platform. The linkage elements include alignment elements 109 connected to connection bar 551, and are embedded in the working platform 100. They can assist with transferring loads to the working platform’s foundation. Laser layout of the linkage elements can, for example, be used to avoid misplacement. The connection bar 551 keeps the alignment elements 109 in place and helps to ensure tolerances for placement of the precast modules (not shown in FIGS. 7A- 7C). The connection bar 551 can, for example, be a steel longitudinal bar. The alignment elements 109 can, for example, be or include double galvanized threaded bars or bolts. A plate element 761, such as a steel plate, can be placed over the floor of the working platform, and can be tightened with a nut over a threaded bar of the alignment element 109.- 10 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003

[0061] FIGS. 8A-8C show example embodiments of embedment components that may be associated with a working platform. In FIG. 8B, there is shown the alignment elements 109 and connection bar 551, which are embedded in the working platform and linked to the precast modules 107, with the working platform hidden for clarity. In FIG. 8C, there is shown a section view of a first layer of precast modules 107 linked to the working platform 100 using the alignment elements 109 and connection bar 551. The precast module 107a is an example of a precast form 863 with an opening therein, while the precast module 107b contains a precast segment 865 positioned within the opening of a precast form.

[0062] FIGS. 9 A and 9B show example embodiments of embedment components, including alignment elements 109 and connection bar 551. An alignment element 109 can include: a threaded rod 967 that extends between the connection bar 551 and the coupler 553; and a linkage 969 that extends from the coupler 553 through a surface 871 of a precast module 107. A plate element 761 is coupled to an end of alignment element 109 that extends through a surface 871 of the precast module 107. The linkage 969 can be double galvanized, and physical and / or chemical bonding may be applied in gaps between the linkage 969, the working platform 100, and the precast module 107. The coupler 553 can be fixed to the end of the threaded rod 967 and can receive the linkage 969 from the precast module 107 above, with physical and / or chemical bonding applied in any gaps as need be. The threaded rod 967 can be a double galvanized steel threaded rod, fixed to the connection bar 551 (for example by threading, welding, a chemical bond, and / or a physical bond). The connection bar 551 can connect multiple alignment elements 109 that are embedded in the working platform 100. The working platform fill level 975 is also shown.

[0063] FIG. 10 shows example embodiments of embedment components. In this example, a plug 1073 can be used to protect the coupler 553 during pouring of concrete, and can be a removable plug. The plug 1073 can, for example, be formed of nylon.

[0064] FIGS. 11 A-l 1C show example embodiments of components that may be associated with a dam. In FIG. 11 A, the alignment elements 109 are shown connected to the connection bar 551 prior to embedding in the working platform. In FIG. 1 IB, alignment elements 109 are shown placed on a working platform 100.

[0065] FIGS. 12A and 12B show example embodiments of a dam assembly, showing alternative alignment elements 109 that can be cast-in-place. In this example, the alignment elements 109 are anchor bolts, which are cast-in-place with the working platform 100 along with couplers. Hex nuts 1277 are positioned on the end of the anchor bolts of the alignment elements- 11 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003109 that extend through the ground facing side of the working platform 100; and hex nuts 1277 are also placed on the end of the anchor bolts that extend through the hydro facing side of the precast modules 107. In alternative embodiments, one or more of the dimensions listed may be different.

[0066] FIGS. 13A and 13B show an example embodiment of a dam assembly, showing alternative alignment elements 109 in which receptive elements are used in the working platform. In this embodiment, the alignment elements 109 are receptive elements 1379 (such as threaded nuts), which can be cast-in-place with the working platform 100, and which receive anchor bolts 1381 from the precast modules 107 above. In alternative embodiments, one or more of the dimensions listed may be different.

[0067] FIGS. 14A-14C show example embodiments of working platforms, in which a crossbrace bar 1483 is embedded within the working platform 100 and connects on at least one end to the connection bar 551, which aligns the alignment elements 109. In some example embodiments, such as the one in FIG. 14A, a working platform is cast-in-place with a flushed plug-in over threaded rod / bolts to protect a coupler while leveling concrete surface. In some example embodiments, a working platform is cast-in-place with flushed plug-in place of threaded rod / bolts to level surface with precision (“female receptors”). In FIG. 14B, the precast modules 107 are shown aligned to the alignment elements 109, which are connected to the connection bar 551 and cross-brace bar 1483. In some example embodiments, such as the one in FIG. 14B, the working platform includes an assembly of threaded rod (alignment elements 109) and base plate (connection bar 551) to which to affix precast modules 107. The precast modules 107 can be physically and / or chemically bonded to surroundings, as needed, to ensure tight fit and uniformity throughout the working platform. In some example embodiments, the working assembly includes an assembly of threaded rods with receptive alignment elements 109 to which to affix the precast modules 107 with “male” inserts. In some example embodiments, grouted surroundings may be used as needed to ensure a tight fit and uniformity throughout the working platform. In FIGS. 14A-14C, the working platform rebar is not shown for clarity.

[0068] FIGS. 15A-15B show an example embodiment of working platform linkages. In FIG. 15B, both a longitudinal connection bar 551 and a cross brace 1483 are shown being used. Extra reinforcement bars may be necessary for deep working platforms. The cross brace 1483 can help to strengthen the reinforcement structure. The working platform rebar is not shown for clarity.

[0069] FIGS. 16A and 16B show example embodiments of unitary working platform linkages. In FIGS. 16A and 16B, the working platform rebar is not shown for clarity. In this- 12 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 embodiment, the working platform 100 includes a planar cross brace 1685 on the hydro facing surface of the working platform. The planar cross brace 1685 couples at least some of the alignment elements 109, and can, for example, be a steel frame with bracing soldered together. It can enhance strength in reinforcement.

[0070] FIGS. 17A and 17B show example embodiments of working platform linkages. In this embodiment, a planar cross brace 1685 is used as an immobilizing linkage of the alignment elements 109 while pouring concrete. The planar cross brace 1685 forms a “bolt pattern,” which assists with securing the alignment elements 109 while casting concrete on site. Different shapes or materials may be used. The planar cross brace 1685 can be reusable, and can be picked up and moved to the next section being filled with concrete or other pourable material.

[0071] FIG. 18 shows example embodiments of embedment linkages. In this embodiment, precast modules 107 include complementary shapes 1887 that fit together, thereby helping the precast modules 107 to resist overturn, resist shear, and aid in positioning the precast modules 107.

[0072] FIG. 19 shows example embodiments of precast module inter-linkages 659, which can also be referred to as block-to-block linkages or module-to-module linkages. In this example, the precast module inter-linkages 659 include 1 ’A” bolts, double-galvanized, grade 8 or equivalent; 6 x 6 x 0.5” steel plates, double-galvanized, grade 8 or equivalent; and a side bracket fixed to an embedded anchor. In alternative embodiments, the bolts and / or steel plate characteristics may be different.

[0073] FIG. 20 shows an example embodiment of an intake wall 2089 comprising precast modules 107, such as modular precast concrete blocks.

[0074] FIG. 21 shows an example embodiment of precast modules to support of excavation (SOE) wall connections. The precast modules 107 can be fitted to a support of excavation wall 2191 by a keyway in the wall 2191 that matches the block 107 (or vice versa). Anchor rebar is embedded in the SOE wall, guiding installation of the precast module 107, or locking the precast module 107. Cables, threaded rods, bolts, clips can be used between the SOE wall and the precast modules 107.

[0075] FIGS. 22 A and 22B show example embodiments of intake or draft tube module connections. In this embodiment, a collection 2293 of precast modules 107 is configured to fit together to hold a flow tube element 2295 of the functional hydro structure, such as an intake tube or draft tube.- 13 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003

[0076] FIG. 23 shows example embodiments of precast draft tubes. In this example, the flow tube element 2295 is designed into transportable, weight efficient precast components 2293, which can, for example, minimize form work to only two or three different forms that are scalable and re-usable across similar projects.

[0077] FIG. 24 shows example embodiments of column connections. Here, a column connection 2497 is formed between the working platform 100 and a column, which can be a precast column that is embedded in the working platform 100. This can help with moment resistance.

[0078] FIG. 25 shows example embodiments of hatch cover connections. An L-bracket 2599 can be bolted to the hatch and parapet.

[0079] FIG. 26 shows example embodiments of turbine seat connections. In some example embodiments, turbine seats are concrete reinforced with mesh and / or steel. In some example embodiments, eye hook embedments are used to transfer loads through reinforcement (soldering if needed). Precast elements may be consistent, predictable, and therefore stronger.

[0080] FIG. 27 shows example embodiments of turbine seat connections, in which a turbine seat 2701 is casted around a turbine, and then mounted into a collection 2703 of precast modules that are configured to fit together to hold a turbine seat 2701 of the functional hydro structure.

[0081] FIG. 28 shows example embodiments of turbine seat connections. The dimensions shown are examples. In alternative embodiments, one or more of the dimensions may be different.

[0082] FIGS. 29A and 29B show example embodiments of turbine seat connections. In this embodiment, a neoprene or other dampening ring 2905 surrounds the turbine parts for dampening vibration. In FIG. 29A, a precast ring (such as a concrete ring) 2907 is precasted over the turbine seat part, with shear keyway notches 2909 to lock to other components. In FIG. 29B, concrete precast modules of collection 2703, include shear keyways 2911 embedded in their geometry to match and lock with the precast ring 2907 of the turbine seat.

[0083] FIGS. 30A-30C show an example embodiment of turbine seat assembly. In this embodiment, the turbine seat collection of FIG. 29A and 29B is assembled together around the turbine seat. In FIG. 30A, the base 2703a is assembled; in FIG. 30B, the turbine seat, which has been previously inserted into the precast ring 2907, is inserted into the base components 2703a; and in FIG. 30C, the precast units are locked together with topping components 2703b (potentially post-tensioning all parts together). Dowels and other similar components can be used to assist components 2703a, 2703b to stay in place.- 14 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003

[0084] FIG. 31 shows an example embodiment in which ground-couple elements 117 can support portions of the working platform that ascend and descend at any slope along the ground. For example, in FIG. 31, ground-couple elements 117 are shown configured to be mounted into a hill or other slope. Some or all of the ground-couple elements 117 can be configured to support portions of the working platform at a non-horizontal slopes along the ground, and can be angled at an angle 341 between vertical and horizontal relative to the working platform 100. At least a portion 3114 of the working platform 100 can follow a non-horizontal contour of a ground surface, such as following a contour of a hill or mountain surface. Concrete or other cast-in-place material can be filled in between portion 3114 of the working platform 100 that follow the non- horizontal contour of the ground surface, in order to conform to the contour of the surface. For example, high-PSI concrete or other cast-in-place material can be used.

[0085] FIG. 32 shows a side view of the example embodiment of FIG. 31, in which groundcouple elements 117 support a portion 3114 that conforms to a hill or mountain surface, while other ground-couple elements 117 are anchored on a riverbed.

[0086] FIG. 33 shows a projection view of a finished functional hydro structure 3316 supported on a working platform of FIGS. 31 and 32 that conforms to a hill or mountain surface.

[0087] In embodiments, the working platform 100 may also define features, such as keyways 1909 (see FIG. 19), that enable coupling and unique orientation of precast segments to a hydrofacing surface of the working platform, as well as potentially ensuring precast segments are arranged at a correct location on the working platform with precision alignment relative to other precast segments. Such features and other elements on a hydro-facing surface of the working platform enables rapid and accurate assembly of a functional hydro structure constructed on the hydro-facing surface of the working platform. Grout or other filler may be used to fill gaps between the precast segments. Prestressed cables or similar elements may be employed to secure adjacent precast segments to each other and, if used, precast segments to the working platform.

[0088] Various embodiments of the working platform may include nanotechnology to provide extra sealing capability to prevent water from penetrating the material, such as cement, defining the working platform. The working platform may be constructed in various configurations to provide extra stability, such as with a shape that fills a base of a riverbed from riverbank to riverbank. The working platform made define a unique structure on a ground-facing surface of the working platform, whereby the structure may define a series of projections below the working platform interspersed with locations of non-projections to form a cleat pattern that provides an extra motion-resistant coupling to the ground beneath the working platform, such as- 15 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 to resist sudden motions caused by floods produced by extreme weather and ground motions caused by earthquakes.

[0089] The cementitious material may include rebar or other such reinforcement materials to provide for long term stability and integrity of the working platform. As described herein, various support structures above and below the working platform may be employed for keeping the working platform firmly in place and for maintaining integrity of the working platform, as well as to provide for rapid assembly of a functional hydro or non-hydro structure positioned on top of the working platform.

[0090] Prior to construction of a working platform in a riverbed or other hydro environment, water is removed from a construction site at which the working platform is to be constructed. Ground at the construction site is pre-treated prior to depositing cementitious or other material(s) used to construct the working platform. Pretreating the ground may include removing layers of ground material or removing many feet or tens of feet of ground material from the construction site.

[0091] It should be understood that the construction site may be at a riverbed, dry land, mountainous plateau or slope, tens or hundreds of feet below the surface of the earth, at or beneath an ocean or large lake, or other location at which a working platform may be useful for a construction project.

[0092] Various techniques to reduce construction time of the working platform may be employed, such as: including accelerants, such as calcium, in the cementitious material; and employing cooling tubes from inches to feet in diameter and, after the cementation material has cooled and the working platform has solidified, injecting grout or other filler into the cooling tubes.

[0093] On an upstream edge or any edge of the working platform, and beneath the working platform, a cutoff wall may project downward into the ground multiple feet, tens of feet, or hundreds of feet toward preventing water from getting beneath the working platform that would be deleterious to the stability and integrity of the working platform. Nanotechnology or other sealant may be used inside the cutoff wall toward effectuating prevention of water from collecting or flowing beneath the working platform.

[0094] It should be understood that the working platform may be fully formed of poured concrete or, alternatively, may be defined by precast segments that are coupled together with grout, sealant, or otherwise fused together to prevent water from flowing beneath the working platform. A combination of poured concrete and precast segments may also form the working- 16 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 platform. In one embodiment, precast segments that are coupled together in some manner may serve as base for poured concrete that serves as a working platform. Various alternative embodiments may be employed that do not depart from principles of a working platform described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

[0095] In another embodiment according to the invention, there is provided a method for constructing a functional hydro structure, described here with reference numerals from various figures herein. The method comprises coupling a plurality of ground-couple elements 117 into ground upon which a working platform 100 will be supported; forming a plurality of cleat projections 115 mounted to a working platform facing end of the plurality of ground-couple elements; forming a layer of material of the working platform 100 to support the functional hydro structure thereon, the layer of material being supported by the plurality of ground-couple elements 117 via mounting to the plurality of cleat projections 115, such that the plurality of cleat projections 115 extend from a ground facing surface 113 of the working platform; and positioning a plurality of alignment elements 109 within the layer of material to permit alignment of a plurality of precast modules 107 to a hydro facing surface 111 of the working platform. The method can include forming a cut-off wall 221 extending from the working platform, the cut-off wall 221 being configured to prevent leakage of water into an area adjacent to the working platform. The plurality of precast modules 107 can be mounted to the hydro facing surface 111 of the working platform. A collection of precast modules 2293 may be assembled to hold a flow tube element 2295 of the functional hydro structure. The method may further include assembling a collection of precast modules 2703 to hold a turbine seat 2701 of the functional hydro structure. Mounting the plurality of precast modules to the hydro facing surface 111 of the working platform can include mounting at least one precast form 863 to the hydro facing surface 111 of the working platform. The method may include fitting at least one precast segment 865 within the at least one precast form 863 on the hydro facing surface 111 of the working platform. The method may include, prior to forming the working platform, removing water from the site at which the working platform is to be formed. The method may further include pre-treating ground at the site prior to forming the working platform.

[0096] Example embodiments of working platforms may include cut-off walls of any size and / or shape, where cut-off walls extend below a ground-facing surface of a working platform and prevent all or substantially all water from flowing underneath a working platform to prevent deleterious effects of such effects over time. Example embodiments of working platforms may include tie-backs, anchor bolts, or the equivalent. Example embodiments of working platforms- 17 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 may include one or more cleats configured to be positioned underground. Example embodiments of working platforms may include one or more embedded receptive reinforcements for a precast module assembly. Example embodiments of working platforms may include one or more reinforcements for strength. In some embodiments, equipment is used that ensures the exact placement of a reinforcement or anchor (such as Total Station or equivalent). Example embodiments of working platforms may include one or more cast-in-place concrete parts. Example embodiments of working platforms may include one or more modular precast concrete parts. Example embodiments shown and described herein may involve professional engineers and site specific reports (geotechnical, hydrological, and other as needed). Example embodiments shown and described herein may be applicable to hydropower, water control, fish passage, spillways, or pumped storage hydropower. Embodiments shown and described herein may be used to provide a working platform for a functional hydropower structure, such as a hydropower dam defined at least in part by precast segments, pumped storage impoundment structure defined at least in part by precast segments for creating reservoirs in pumped storage systems and man-made reservoir systems, powerhouses defined at least in part by precast segments employed to convert flowing water into electrical power and / or pump water from a lower elevation to an upper elevation, and other functional hydropower structures defined at least in part by precast segments, such as sea walls and levies, whereby the working platform in combination with pre-cast segments enable rapidly deployable and predictable construction of a functional hydropower structure.

[0097] In some example embodiments, systems and methods herein allow for rapid assembly with precision placement. In some example embodiments, systems and methods herein allow for increased asset service life. In some example embodiments, systems and methods herein allow for redundancy in linkages and design safety factors. In some example embodiments, systems and methods herein allow for proven efficacy of solutions and high rate of reliability. In some example embodiments, systems and methods herein allow for impact to precast forms.

[0098] In some example embodiments, one or more linkages may be configured to safely transfer loads and / or ensure stability.

[0099] Some example embodiments include one or more embedment linkages. In some example embodiments, embedment linkages are configured to resist overturn of a structure defined by precast segments potentially caused by water flow. In some example embodiments, embedment (i.e., embedded) linkages are configured to resist shear of a structure defined by precast segments. In some example embodiments, embedment linkages are configured to aid in- 18 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003 positioning precast segments to define a functional hydropower structure. Embedment linkages may couple working platforms to blocks. Embedment linkages may couple working platforms to support of excavation (SOE) walls.

[0100] Some example embodiments include: one or more slippage linkages; one or more block-to-block linkages; one or more block-to-SOE wall linkages; one or more block-to-draft tube linkages; one or more slab-to-column linkages (under and over); and one or more hatch-to- parapet / roof floor linkages.

[0101] In at least one embodiment, sensor elements (see 806 in FIG. 8A), such as smart concrete, strain gauges, and / or accelerometers, are integrated within or coupled to the material forming the working platform, to enable a system used to monitor the working platform to identify any structural changes over time of the working platform, which may indicate a slow or rapid deterioration or change of integrity of the working platform.

[0102] Signals from the sensor elements may be transmitted via wire, fiber optic, or wirelessly to a monitoring system (not shown), which can be at a remote site, and, in some embodiments, transmitted to a server (not shown) configured to interpret individual and collective data, collectively referred to as “sensor information,” from any of the sensor elements or a combination of sensor elements. The monitoring system or server may generate alerts or produce a graphical depiction of the working platform as a function of the sensor information.

[0103] Such information may be particularly useful for monitoring integrity of localized or regional locations of the working platform during construction of the working platform or construction of a structure, such as a functional hydro structure, positioned on the working platform. The information may also be useful to monitor changes over time after a structure coupled to the working platform is constructed and the structure, in the case of a functional hydro structure, is put into service. Any such changes during any of the foregoing phases of construction of the working platform or assembly of or long-term operation of the functional structure on the working platform may alert the monitoring system or monitoring personnel to determine actions to maintain long-term integrity of the working platform and functional structure arranged thereon.

[0104] In at least one embodiment, the monitoring system may be dedicated to a given working platform or multiple working platforms located at a common waterway, such as a river or pumped storage system, and the server may be configured to receive and process the sensor information from an individual monitoring system or multiple monitoring systems within a region, country, or worldwide.- 19 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.1013003

[0105] It should also be understood that the monitoring system and server may support bidirectional communications and be able to send reports or commands to controllers (not shown) located at, or in communication with, a working platform associated with a functional unit (e.g., dam system) positioned thereon to cause the functional unit to take appropriate action or provide local notice consistent with identification that a change of status of the working platform is occurring or has occurred.

[0106] As used herein, “precast” structures and components can, for example, be made of precast concrete, or other suitable precast materials. “Poured” materials can, for example, include poured cast-in-place concrete, or other suitable poured materials.

[0107] The features and / or dimensions shown and / or described in this application are not necessarily to scale. Features and / or dimensions may be any size and / or any shape. Example specifications may be provided herein. In alternative embodiments, one or more of the example specifications may be different. In some embodiments, one or more characteristics described in connection with an embodiment described herein may be used with any other embodiment described herein.

[0108] While example embodiments have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the embodiments encompassed by the appended claims.- 20 -4226510. vl

Claims

Docket No. 4420.1013003CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A working platform for use at a site of a functional hydro structure, the functional hydro structure being constructed at least in part of a plurality of precast modules, the working platform comprising: a layer of material configured to support the functional hydro structure thereon; a plurality of alignment elements configured to align the plurality of precast modules to couple to a hydro facing surface of the working platform; a plurality of cleat projections extending from a ground facing surface of the working platform; and a plurality of ground-couple elements configured to couple the working platform to ground, at least some of the plurality of ground-couple elements projecting from at least some of the cleat projections extending from the ground facing surface of the working platform.

2. The working platform of Claim 1, further comprising: a connection bar embedded within the working platform, the connection bar configured to stabilize a relative position of the plurality of alignment elements when the plurality of precast modules is coupled to the working platform.

3. The working platform of Claim 2, further comprising: a coupler embedded in the working platform, the coupler configured to reinforce the at least one alignment element when the plurality of precast modules is coupled to the working platform.

4. The working platform of Claim 3, wherein an alignment element of the plurality of alignment elements comprises (i) a threaded rod extending between the connection bar and the coupler and (ii) a linkage extending from the coupler through a surface of a precast module of the plurality of precast modules.

5. The working platform of Claim 2, further comprising a plate element coupled to an end of an alignment element of the plurality of alignment elements that extends through a surface of a precast module of the plurality of precast modules.- 21 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.10130036. The working platform of Claim 2, further comprising at least one cross-brace bar embedded within the working platform and connecting on at least one end to the connection bar.

7. The working platform of Claim 1, further comprising: a cut-off wall extending from the working platform, the cut-off wall being configured to prevent leakage of water into an area adjacent to the working platform.

8. The working platform of Claim 1, wherein the working platform comprises: at least one higher elevation portion configured to form a substantially horizontal support of a first portion of the functional hydro structure thereon; at least one lower elevation portion configured to form a substantially horizontal support of a second portion of the functional hydro structure thereon; and at least one substantially vertical portion joining the at least one higher elevation portion to the at least one lower elevation portion.

9. The working platform of Claim 8, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of groundcouple elements is configured to support the at least one substantially vertical portion of the working platform.

10. The working platform of Claim 9, wherein the plurality of ground-couple elements configured to support the at least one substantially vertical portion of the working platform are angled at an angle between vertical and horizontal relative to the at least one higher elevation portion of the working platform and the at least one lower elevation portion of the working platform.

11. The working platform of Claim 1, further comprising a precast retaining toe structure mounted to the hydro facing surface of the working platform, the precast retaining toe structure forming at least one opening on a surface of the working platform configured to accept the plurality of precast modules to be mounted to the working platform.- 22 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.101300312. The working platform of Claim 1, further comprising the plurality of precast modules, at least one pair of precast modules being linked to each other by a precast module interlinkage.

13. The working platform of Claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of precast modules comprises at least one of (i) a precast form, and (ii) a precast segment.

14. The working platform of Claim 1, wherein the plurality of ground-couple elements comprise a plurality of rock anchors.

15. The working platform of Claim 1, wherein the functional hydro structure comprises at least one of a dam, a powerhouse, an impoundment structure, a sea wall, a levee, and a tailings dam.

16. The working platform of Claim 1, further comprising at least one keyway to form at least one of an orientation and a position of at least one precast module of the plurality of precast modules to at least one of (i) fit to the hydro facing surface of the working platform and (ii) align relative to at least one other precast module of the plurality of precast modules.

17. The working platform of Claim 1, further comprising a planar cross brace on the hydro facing surface of the working platform, the planar cross brace coupling at least some of the plurality of alignment elements.

18. The working platform of Claim 1, further comprising the plurality of precast modules, at least one precast module of the plurality of precast modules being fitted to a support of excavation wall by a keyway.

19. The working platform of Claim 1, further comprising the plurality of precast modules, wherein the plurality of precast modules comprises a collection of precast modules configured to fit together to hold a flow tube element of the functional hydro structure.- 23 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.101300320. The working platform of Claim 1, further comprising the plurality of precast modules, wherein the plurality of precast modules comprises a collection of precast modules configured to fit together to hold a turbine seat of the functional hydro structure.

21. The working platform of Claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of ground-couple elements are configured to support at least a portion of the working platform at a nonhorizontal slope along the ground.

22. A method for constructing a functional hydro structure, the method comprising: coupling a plurality of ground-couple elements into ground upon which a working platform will be supported; forming a plurality of cleat projections, at least some of the plurality of cleat projections being mounted to a working platform facing end of at least some of the plurality of ground-couple elements; forming a layer of material of the working platform to support the functional hydro structure thereon, the layer of material being supported by the plurality of groundcouple elements such that the plurality of cleat projections extends from a ground facing surface of the working platform; and positioning a plurality of alignment elements within the layer of material to permit alignment of a plurality of precast modules to a hydro facing surface of the working platform.

23. The method of Claim 22, further comprising forming a cut-off wall extending from the working platform, the cut-off wall being configured to prevent leakage of water into an area adjacent to the working platform.

24. The method of Claim 22, further comprising mounting the plurality of precast modules to the hydro facing surface of the working platform.

25. The method of Claim 24, further comprising assembling a collection of precast modules to hold a flow tube element of the functional hydro structure.- 24 -4226510. vlDocket No. 4420.101300326. The method of Claim 24, further comprising assembling a collection of precast modules to hold a turbine seat of the functional hydro structure.

27. The method of Claim 24, wherein mounting the plurality of precast modules to the hydro facing surface of the working platform comprises mounting at least one precast form to the hydro facing surface of the working platform.

28. The method of Claim 27, further comprising fitting at least one precast segment within the at least one precast form on the hydro facing surface of the working platform.

29. The method of Claim 22, comprising, prior to forming the working platform, removing water from the site at which the working platform is to be formed.

30. The method of Claim 29, further comprising pre-treating ground at the site prior to forming the working platform.

31. The method of Claim 22, wherein at least some of the plurality of ground-couple elements are configured to support at least a portion of the working platform at a nonhorizontal slope along the ground.- 25 -4226510. vl

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