Prediction accuracy for channel state information reports
By setting a prediction accuracy threshold for CSI reports based on beam measurements, the complexity and flexibility issues in wireless communication systems are addressed, ensuring accurate and flexible CSI reporting.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in managing beam measurements for channel state information (CSI) reports, leading to high implementation complexity and restricted scheduling flexibility due to the need for extensive CSI timelines and AI/ML functionalities.
Implementing a prediction accuracy threshold for CSI reports based on a minimum number of or duration of beam measurements, allowing UEs to transmit CSI reports only when the prediction accuracy meets the threshold, thereby reducing the need for additional network complexity and maintaining scheduling flexibility.
This approach ensures that network entities meet prediction accuracy requirements without increasing complexity or restricting scheduling flexibility, enhancing the efficiency of wireless communication systems.
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Figure CN2024123181_09042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PREDICTION ACCURACY FOR CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION REPORTS
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with the prediction accuracy for channel state information reports.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication among multiple wireless communication devices including user devices or other devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Such multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, national, regional, or global level.
[0004] An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other RATs beyond NR) may be designed to better support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of things (IoT) networks or reduced capability device deployments, and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) applications. To support these verticals, NR systems may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases.SUMMARY
[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) . The method may include receiving a scheduling message for a channel state information (CSI) report. The method may include transmitting the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold. The accuracy threshold may include an accuracy requirement (e.g., beam prediction accuracy requirement) . The accuracy threshold may be based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network entity. The method may include transmitting a scheduling message for a CSI report. The method may include receiving the CSI report, where the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, and where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a scheduling message for a CSI report. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit a scheduling message for a CSI report. The one or more processors may be configured to receive the CSI report, where the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold and where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive a scheduling message for a CSI report. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network entity. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to transmit a scheduling message for a CSI report. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to receive the CSI report, where the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, and where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving a scheduling message for a CSI report. The apparatus may include means for transmitting the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a scheduling message for a CSI report. The apparatus may include means for receiving the CSI report, where the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, and where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer- readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, this specification and accompanying drawings.
[0014] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0016] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating examples of beam management procedures, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture of a functional framework for radio access network intelligence enabled by data collection, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artificial intelligence / machine learning based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of using a prediction accuracy threshold, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of varied prediction accuracies, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a channel state inform accuracy, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a prediction accuracy, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network entity or an apparatus of a network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms. The present disclosure is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0030] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0031] A user equipment (UE) may measure reference signals on a channel and provide a beam report (channel state information (CSI) report) to assist a network entity with scheduling communications. The UE may transmit a UE-initiated CSI report based at least in part on detection of a triggering event. For example, the UE may detect a triggering event, such as a reference signal received power (RSRP) dropping below a threshold, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) dropping below a threshold, or a beam failure. The UE may switch beams or provide the beam report without being triggered by the network entity.
[0032] In some examples, a first set of beams may be referred to as Set B beams, and a second set of beams may be referred to as Set A beams. In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may be a subset of the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) . The first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may include wide beams and the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may include narrow beams. Network signaling may start Set B measurements by a UE with respect to a certain functionality or associated identifier (ID) . The UE cannot carry out a prediction before obtaining enough Set B beam measurements during a latency. However, for different UEs to measure Set B beams for different artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) functionalities and / or associated IDs, various CSI timelines need to be stored and handled by the network entity (e.g., gNB) . This would introduce high implementation complexity that consumes processing resources and restricts scheduling flexibility.
[0033] Various aspects relate generally to beam management. Some aspects more specifically relate to using a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for a CSI report to determine to transmit the CSI report. A UE my transmit the CSI report if the prediction accuracy satisfies an accuracy threshold that is based at least in part on a minimum amount of (historical) beam measurements (e.g., for Set B beams) or a duration of the beam measurements. The beam measurements may include Layer 1 (L1) RSRP measurements or SINR measurements of CSI reference signals (CSI-RSs) or synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) . The duration may be based at least in part on one or more periodicity values of the CSI-RSs or SSBs. The amount may be the number of transmission occasions of the CSI-RSs or SSBs that are actually measured. The predicted channel characteristic may be based at least in part on a measurement of a measurement resource, and the minimum amount (e.g., number) or the duration may be specified for the measurement resource. In some aspects, different prediction accuracy levels may be associated with different amounts or different durations of Set B measurements. The UE may be expected to feed back prediction results in a CSI report as long as the prediction results satisfy accuracy thresholds. The CSI report may indicate the predicted channel characteristic.
[0034] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. The network entity may meet the prediction accuracy threshold. As a result, there is no need for the network entity to implement additional complexity or to restrict the scheduling flexibility for restricted CSI timelines.
[0035] As described above, wireless communication systems may be deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Some wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) . The multiple-access RATs may be capable of supporting communication with multiple wireless communication devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0036] Multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of Things (IoT) networks or reduced capability (RedCap) device deployments, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) applications, and / or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , among other examples.
[0037] To support these and other target verticals, a wireless communication system may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , beamforming, IoT device or RedCap device connectivity and management, industrial connectivity, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , frequency spectrum expansion, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication (for example, sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) ) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, network energy savings (NES) , low-power signaling and radios, and / or AI / ML, among other examples.
[0038] The foregoing and other technological improvements may support use cases, such as wireless fronthauls, wireless midhauls, wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples.
[0039] As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies or new technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases or new use cases.
[0040] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110. For example, in Fig. 1, the wireless communication network 100 includes a network node (NN) 110a and a network node 110b. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120. For example, in Fig. 1, the network nodes 110 support communication with a UE 120a, a UE 120b, and a UE 120c. In some examples, a UE 120 may also communicate with other UEs 120 and a network node 110 may communicate with a core network and with other network nodes 110.
[0041] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency bands or ranges. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with other RATs. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may support communication over unlicensed spectrum, where access to an unlicensed channel is subject to a channel access mechanism. For example, in a shared or unlicensed frequency band, a transmitting device may perform a channel access procedure, such as a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure, to contend against other devices for channel access before transmitting on a shared or unlicensed channel.
[0042] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into the mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to mid-band frequencies or to frequencies that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-aor FR4-1, FR5, and / or the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz.
[0043] A network node 110 and / or a UE 120 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. For example, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may each include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system, such as a processing system 140 of the UE 120 or a processing system 145 of the network node 110. A processing system (for example, the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145) includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set. In some other examples, each of a group of processors may be configurable or configured to perform a same set of functions.
[0044] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0045] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a cellular (for example, a 5G or 6G compliant) modem) . In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may also include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains, or transceivers. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by the processing system 140 of the UE 120 or by the processing system 145 of the network node 110) .
[0046] A network node 110 and a UE 120 may each include one or multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Typical network nodes 110 and UEs 120 may include multiple antennas, which may be organized or structured into one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. As used herein, the term “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. The term “antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters associated with the group of antennas. The term “antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas as well as one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device such as the network node 110 and the UE 120.
[0047] A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) . In various deployments, a network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements a part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node having an aggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single physical structure in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that operates with a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0048] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , having a disaggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may operate with a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. An example disaggregated network node architecture is described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 2. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating network functionality into multiple units or modules that can be individually deployed.
[0049] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layers, such as a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host a lower PHY layer that is configured to perform functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (IFFT) , beamforming, and / or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. An RU may perform RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an IFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer split (LLS) . In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some examples, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples, which may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as in a cloud deployment.
[0050] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. The term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or more cells (for example, each cell may support communication within an angular (for example, 60 degree) range around the network node) . In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may also allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0051] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas (for example, a cell 130a and a cell 130b) , and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110.
[0052] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the coverage area of the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry, a gaming device, an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0053] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between that of the UEs 120 of the first category and that of the UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capability UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0054] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (for example, frames, subframes, slots, and symbols) , frequency domain resources (for example, frequency bands, component carriers (CCs) , subcarriers, resource blocks, and resource elements) , and spatial domain resources (for example, particular transmit directions or beams) .
[0055] Frequency domain resources may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous set of resource blocks (RBs) within a full component carrier bandwidth) that may be configured at a UE-specific level. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (which may be the same or different) . Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) ) . A BWP may be dynamically configured or activated (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a downlink control information (DCI) configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured (for example, in real-time or near-real-time) according to changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. An active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 120 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell. The use of BWPs enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor and reduce UE power consumption by enabling the UE to monitor fewer frequency domain resources) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability (for example, RedCap) UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120 and / or by facilitating reduced UE power consumption.
[0056] As used herein, a downlink signal may be or include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, downlink reference signals include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , an SS block (SSB) (for example, that includes a PSS, an SSS, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , a tracking reference signal (TRS) , and a CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) , among other examples. A downlink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via a downlink channel. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Downlink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, downlink control channel communications and / or downlink data channel communications. A downlink control channel may be specifically used to transmit DCI from a network node 110 to a UE 120. DCI generally contains the information the UE 120 needs to identify RBs in a subsequent subframe and how to decode them, including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or redundancy version parameters. Different DCI formats carry different information, such as scheduling information in the form of downlink or uplink grants, slot formal indicators (SFIs) , preemption indicators (PIs) , transmit power control (TPC) commands, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, new data indicators (NDIs) , among other examples. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PDCCH and PDSCH, respectively. For example, a PDCCH can carry DCI, while a PDSCH can carry a MAC control element (MAC-CE) , an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. Each PDSCH may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data.
[0057] As used herein, an uplink signal may include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, uplink reference signals include a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a PTRS, and a DMRS, among other examples. An uplink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via an uplink channel. An uplink channel may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Uplink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, uplink control channel communications and / or uplink data channel communications. An uplink control channel may be specifically used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PUCCH and PUSCH, respectively. For example, a PUCCH can carry UCI, while a PUSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. UCI can include a scheduling request (SR) , HARQ feedback information (for example, a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) indication or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication) , uplink power control information (for example, an uplink TPC parameter) , and / or CSI, among other examples. CSI can include a channel quality indicator (CQI) (indicative of downlink channel conditions to facilitate selection of transmission parameters, such as an MCS, by a network node 110) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit a CSI-RS) , an SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit an SSB) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and / or measurement information (for example, a layer 1 (L1) -reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, among other examples) which can be used for beam management, among other examples. Each PUSCH may carry one or more TBs of data.
[0058] The information (for example, data, control information, or reference signal information) transmitted by a network node 110 to a UE 120, or vice versa, may be represented as a sequence of binary bits that are mapped (for example, modulated) to an analog signal waveform (for example, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a CP-OFDM waveform) that is transmitted by the network node 110 or UE 120 over a wireless communication channel. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively) may select an MCS (for example, an order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , such as 64-QAM, 128-QAM, or 256-QAM, among other examples) for a downlink signal or an uplink signal. For example, the network node 110 may select an MCS for a downlink signal in accordance with UCI received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may transmit, to the UE 120, an indication of the selected MCS for the downlink signal, such as via DCI that schedules the downlink signal. As another example, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of an MCS to be applied for the one or more uplink signals, such as via DCI scheduling transmission of the one or more uplink signals.
[0059] The network node 110 or the UE 120 (such as by using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing on the information (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, an IFFT operation, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, and / or encoding, among other examples) to generate a processed signal in accordance with the selected MCS. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled encoders or modems) may perform a channel coding operation or a forward error correction (FEC) operation to control errors in transmitted information. For example, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform an encoding operation to generate encoded information (such as by selectively introducing redundancy into the information, typically using an error correction code (ECC) , such as a polar code or a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) . The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 and / or one or more modems) may further perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the encoded information to generate one or more processed or precoded signals for downlink or uplink transmission, respectively. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform codebook-based precoding or non-codebook-based precoding. Codebook-based precoding may involve selecting a precoder (for example, a precoding matrix) using a codebook. For example, the network node 110 may provide precoding information indicating which precoder, defined by the codebook, is to be used by the UE 120. Non-codebook-based precoding may involve selecting or deriving a precoder based on, or otherwise associated with, one or more downlink or uplink signal measurements. The network node 110 or the UE 120 may transmit the processed downlink or uplink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas.
[0060] The network node 110 or the UE 120 may receive uplink signals or downlink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing (for example, in accordance with the MCS) on the received uplink or downlink signals, respectively (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, an FFT operation, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, and / or decoding, among other examples) , to map the received signal (s) to a sequence of binary bits (for example, received information) that estimates the information transmitted by the network node 110 or the UE 120 via the downlink or uplink signals. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or a coupled decoder or one or more modems) may decode the received information (such as by using an ECC, a decoding operation, and / or an FEC operation) to detect errors and / or correct bit errors in the received information to generate decoded information. The decoded information may estimate the information transmitted via the downlink or uplink signals.
[0061] In some examples, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. A network node 110 and / or UE 120 may communicate using massive MIMO, multi-user MIMO, or single-user MIMO, which may involve rapid switching between beams or cells. For example, the amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating a phase shift, a phase offset, and / or an amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. For example, the network node 110b may generate one or more beams 160a, and the UE 120b may generate one or more beams 160b. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction, a directional reception of a wireless signal from a transmitting device or otherwise in a desired direction, a direction associated with a directional transmission or directional reception, a set of directional resources associated with a signal transmission or signal reception (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal, among other examples.
[0062] MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may include a massive MIMO technique which may be associated with an increased (for example, “massive” ) quantity of antennas at the network node 110 and / or at the UE 120, such as in a network implementing mmWave technology. Massive MIMO may improve communication reliability by enabling a network node 110 and / or a UE 120 to communicate the same data across different propagation (or spatial) paths. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ MIMO techniques, such as multi-TRP (mTRP) operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0063] To support MIMO techniques, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may perform one or more beam management operations, such as an initial beam acquisition operation, one or more beam refinement operations, and / or a beam recovery operation. For example, an initial beam acquisition operation may involve the network node 110 transmitting signals (for example, SSBs, CSI-RSs, or other signals) via respective beams (for example, of the beams 160a of the network node 110) and the UE 120 receiving and measuring the signal (s) via respective beams of multiple beams (for example, from the beams 160b of the UE 120) to identify a best beam (or beam pair) for communication between the UE 120 and the network node 110. For example, the UE 120 may transmit an indication (for example, in a message associated with a random access channel (RACH) operation) of a (best) identified beam of the network node 110 (for example, by indicating an SSBRI or other identifier associated with the beam) . A beam refinement operation may involve a first device (for example, the UE 120 or the network node 110) transmitting signal (s) via a subset of beams (for example, identified based on, or otherwise associated with, measurements reported as part of one or more other beam management operations) . A second device (for example, the network node 110 or the UE 120) may receive the signal (s) via a single beam (for example, to identify the best beam for communication from the subset of beams) . The beam (s) may be identified via one or more spatial parameters, such as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state and / or a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter, among other examples. The network node 110 and the UE 120 may increase reliability and / or achieve efficiencies in throughput, signal strength, and / or other signal properties for massive MIMO operations by performing the beam management operations.
[0064] Some aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an artificial intelligence (AI) program (for example, referred to herein as an “AI / ML model” ) , such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) model and / or an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The AI / ML model may be deployed at one or more devices 165 (for example, a network node 110 and / or UEs 120) . For example, the one or more devices 165 may include a UE 120 (for example, the processing system 140) , a network node 110 (for example, the processing system 145) , one or more servers, and / or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples. In some examples, the AI / ML model (or an instance of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at multiple devices (for example, a first portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110) . In other examples, a first AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110. The AI / ML model (s) may be configured to enhance various aspects of the wireless communication network 100. For example, the AI / ML model (s) may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to the wireless communication network 100, a device, and / or an air interface, among other examples. The AI / ML model (s) may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services.
[0065] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., a UE 120) may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive a scheduling message for a CSI report; and transmit the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0066] In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., a network node 110) may include a communication manager 155. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 155 may transmit a scheduling message for a CSI report; and receive the CSI report where the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, and where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 155 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0067] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture 200, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated network node architecture 200 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated network node architecture 200 may include a CU 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 220 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a non-real-time (Non-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 250 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 260 and / or a near-real-time (Near-RT) RIC 270 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 210 may communicate with one or more DUs 230 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 230 may communicate with one or more RUs 240 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 240 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0068] Each of the components of the disaggregated network node architecture 200, including the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, the Near-RT RICs 270, the Non-RT RICs 250, and the SMO Framework 260, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0069] In some aspects, the CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. For example, a DU 230 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 210. Each RU 240 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230.
[0070] The SMO Framework 260 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 210, a DU 230, an RU 240, a non-RT RIC 250, and / or a Near-RT RIC 270. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 280, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 240 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0071] The Non-RT RIC 250 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 270. The Non-RT RIC 250 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 270. The Near-RT RIC 270 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, and / or an O-eNB 280 with the Near-RT RIC 270.
[0072] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 270, the Non-RT RIC 250 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 270 and may be received at the SMO Framework 260 or the Non-RT RIC 250 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 250 or the Near-RT RIC 270 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 250 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 260 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0073] The network node 110, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, the RU 240, or any other component (s) of Fig. 1 and / or Fig. 2 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with the accuracy of CSI reports, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1000 of Fig. 10 process 1100 of Fig. 11, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . Memory of the network node 110 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the network node 110, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240. In some examples, the memory of the network node 110 may store data relating to a UE 120, such as RRC state information or a UE context. Memory of a UE 120 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the UE 120, such as context information. In some examples, the memory of the UE 120 or the memory of the network node 110 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. For example, the set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors (for example, of the processing system 145 or the processing system 140) of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1000 of Fig. 10, process 1100 of Fig. 11, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0074] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., a UE 120) includes means for receiving a scheduling message for a CSI report; and / or means for transmitting the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements. The means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1202 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1204 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) , among other examples.
[0075] In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., a network node 110) includes means for transmitting a scheduling message for a CSI report; and / or means for receiving the CSI report, where the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, and where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements. In some aspects, the means for the network entity to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 155, processing system 145, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1302 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 13) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1304 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 13) , among other examples. In some aspects, the means for the network entity to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1202 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1204 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) , among other examples.
[0076] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating examples 300, 310, and 320 of beam management procedures, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 3, examples 300, 310, and 320 include a UE 120 in communication with a network entity (e.g., network node 110) in a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100) . However, the devices shown in Fig. 3 are provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between a UE 120 and a network node 110 or TRP, between a mobile termination node and a control node, between an IAB child node and an IAB parent node, and / or between a scheduled node and a scheduling node) . In some aspects, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may be in a connected state (e.g., an RRC connected state) .
[0077] As shown in Fig. 3, example 300 may include a network node 110 (e.g., one or more network node devices such as an RU, a DU, and / or a CU, among other examples) and a UE 120 communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Example 300 depicts a first beam management procedure (e.g., P1 CSI-RS beam management) . The first beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selection procedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam sweeping procedure, a cell search procedure, and / or a beam search procedure. As shown in Fig. 3 and example 300, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling) , semi-persistent (e.g., using MAC CE signaling) , and / or aperiodic (e.g., using DCI) .
[0078] The first beam management procedure may include the network node 110 performing beam sweeping over multiple transmit (Tx) beams. The network node 110 may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam for beam management. To enable the UE 120 to perform receive (Rx) beam sweeping, the network node may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) each CSI-RS at multiple times within the same RS resource set so that the UE 120 can sweep through receive beams in multiple transmission instances. For example, if the network node 110 has a set of N transmit beams and the UE 120 has a set of M receive beams, the CSI-RS may be transmitted on each of the N transmit beams M times so that the UE 120 may receive M instances of the CSI-RS per transmit beam. In other words, for each transmit beam of the network node 110, the UE 120 may perform beam sweeping through the receive beams of the UE 120. As a result, the first beam management procedure may enable the UE 120 to measure a CSI-RS on different transmit beams using different receive beams to support selection of network node 110 transmit beams / UE 120 receive beam (s) beam pair (s) . The UE 120 may report the measurements to the network node 110 to enable the network node 110 to select one or more beam pair (s) for communication between the network node 110 and the UE 120. While example 300 has been described in connection with CSI-RSs, the first beam management process may also use SSBs for beam management in a similar manner as described above.
[0079] As shown in Fig. 3, example 310 may include a network node 110 and a UE 120 communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Example 310 depicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., P2 CSI-RS beam management) . The second beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a network node beam refinement procedure, a TRP beam refinement procedure, and / or a transmit beam refinement procedure. As shown in Fig. 3 and example 310, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI) . The second beam management procedure may include the network node 110 performing beam sweeping over one or more transmit beams. The one or more transmit beams may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with the network node 110 (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UE 120 in connection with the first beam management procedure) . The network node 110 may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam of the one or more transmit beams for beam management. The UE 120 may measure each CSI-RS using a single (e.g., a same) receive beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure) . The second beam management procedure may enable the network node 110 to select a best transmit beam based at least in part on measurements of the CSI-RSs (e.g., measured by the UE 120 using the single receive beam) reported by the UE 120.
[0080] As shown in Fig. 3, example 320 depicts a third beam management procedure (e.g., P3 CSI-RS beam management) . The third beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beam refinement procedure, and / or a receive beam refinement procedure. As shown in Fig. 3 and example 320, one or more CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI) . The third beam management process may include the network node 110 transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs using a single transmit beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UE 120 in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . To enable the UE 120 to perform receive beam sweeping, the network node may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) CSI-RS at multiple times within the same RS resource set so that UE 120 can sweep through one or more receive beams in multiple transmission instances. The one or more receive beams may be a subset of all receive beams associated with the UE 120 (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . The third beam management procedure may enable the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 to select a best receive beam based at least in part on reported measurements received from the UE 120 (e.g., of the CSI-RS of the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams) .
[0081] A CSI report configuration may be a Layer 1 (L1) CSI report configuration and may indicate periodic PUSCH or PUCCH resources, a semi-persistent PUCCH, a semi-persistent PUSCH, or an aperiodic PUSCH or PUCCH. A network entity may request CSI (e.g., via a CSI-AperiodicTriggerStateList message) . The CSI report configuration may be defined for a gNB-triggered CSI report. In some aspects, the CSI report configuration may be defined for UE-initiated beam reporting.
[0082] In some aspects, the UE may be configured for UE-initiated beam reporting, with an enhanced L1 CSI report configuration that indicates a resource for a first PUCCH message. The first PUCCH message may indicate whether an event is detected by the UE. The resource for the first PUCCH may be associated with a set of PUCCH occasions used for transmission of the beam report.
[0083] In some aspects, the first PUCCH resource may be configured under the L1 CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) . The L1 CSI report configuration may be associated with an event. The L1 CSI report configuration may include an identifier (ID) that is associated with an event configuration. In some aspects, the first PUCCH resource may be configured under a report configuration type (e.g., reportConfigType) in the CSI-ReportConfig. However, it is not clear which reference signal resource is to be used for measurement of a current beam.
[0084] Set B beams include beams for measurement, or measured beams. Set A beams include beams targeted for prediction. Set A may have more beams than Set B, and Set B may be a subset of Set A. However, the UE will not measure all of the Set A beams. The UE may first try to predict which Set A beams are more optimal and then focus on the predicted Set A beams that are expected to better than the Set A beams. Data collected from Set B may be used in relation to Set A for AI training purposes. In an example, a network entity (e.g., gNB) instructs a UE to measure and report the RSRP from the 16 beams in Set B. Separately, the network entity may have a configuration for Set A, which includes a wider set of 64 beams. This larger set is used for more detailed measurement and AI model training. The UE performs the measurements and sends the data back to the network entity, which uses this information to associate the results from Set B to Set A. This association is used to train the AI model, where RSRP measurements are the input and the best beam ID from Set A is the desired output.
[0085] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example of beam management procedures. Other examples of beam management procedures may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 3. For example, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform the third beam management procedure before performing the second beam management procedure, and / or the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform a similar beam management procedure to select a UE transmit beam.
[0086] Different forms of RAN intelligence may be used to improve beam management, reduce overhead, and conserve resources. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture 400 of a functional framework for RAN intelligence enabled by data collection, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some scenarios, the functional framework for RAN intelligence may be enabled by further enhancement of data collection through use cases and / or examples. For example, principles or algorithms for RAN intelligence enabled by AI / ML and the associated functional framework (e.g., the AI functionality and / or the input / output of the component for AI enabled optimization) have been utilized or studied to identify the benefits of AI enabled RAN through possible use cases (e.g., beam management, energy saving, load balancing, mobility management, and / or coverage optimization, among other examples) . In one example, as shown by the architecture 400, a functional framework for RAN intelligence may include multiple logical entities, such as a model training host 402, a model inference host 404, data sources 406, and an actor 408.
[0087] The model inference host 404 may be configured to run an AI / ML model based on inference data provided by the data sources 406, and the model inference host 404 may produce an output (e.g., a prediction) with the inference data input to the actor 408. The actor 408 may be an element or an entity of a core network or a RAN. For example, the actor 408 may be a UE, a network node, a network entity, a base station (e.g., a gNB) , a CU, a DU, and / or an RU, among other examples. In addition, the actor 408 may also depend on the type of tasks performed by the model inference host 404, type of inference data provided to the model inference host 404, and / or type of output produced by the model inference host 404. For example, if the output from the model inference host 404 is associated with beam management, the actor 408 may be a UE, a DU or an RU; whereas if the output from the model inference host 404 is associated with Tx / Rx scheduling, the actor 408 may be a CU or a DU.
[0088] After the actor 408 receives an output from the model inference host 404, the actor 408 may determine whether to act based on the output. For example, if the actor 408 is a DU or an RU and the output from the model inference host 404 is associated with beam management, the actor 408 may determine whether to change / modify a Tx / Rx beam based on the output. If the actor 408 determines to act based on the output, the actor 408 may indicate the action to at least one subject of action 410. For example, if the actor 408 determines to change / modify a Tx / Rx beam for a communication between the actor 408 and the subject of action 410 (e.g., a UE 120) , then the actor 408 may transmit a beam (re-) configuration or a beam switching indication to the subject of action 410. The actor 408 may modify its Tx / Rx beam based on the beam (re-) configuration, such as switching to a new Tx / Rx beam or applying different parameters for a Tx / Rx beam, among other examples. As another example, the actor 408 may be a UE and the output from the model inference host 404 may be associated with beam management. For example, the output may be one or more predicted measurement values for one or more beams. The actor 408 (e.g., a UE) may determine that a measurement report (e.g., an L1-RSRP report) is to be transmitted to a network node 110.
[0089] The data sources 406 may also be configured for collecting data that is used as training data for training an ML model or as inference data for feeding an ML model inference operation. For example, the data sources 406 may collect data from one or more core network and / or RAN entities, which may include the subject of action 410, and provide the collected data to the model training host 402 for ML model training. For example, after a subject of action 410 (e.g., a UE 120) receives a beam configuration from the actor 408, the subject of action 410 may provide performance feedback associated with the beam configuration to the data sources 406, where the performance feedback may be used by the model training host 402 for monitoring or evaluating the ML model performance, such as whether the output (e.g., prediction) provided to the actor 408 is accurate. In some examples, if the output provided by the actor 408 is inaccurate (or the accuracy is below an accuracy threshold) , then the model training host 402 may determine to modify or retrain the ML model used by the model inference host, such as via an ML model deployment / update.
[0090] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0091] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of an AI / ML based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, an AI / ML model 510 may be deployed at or on a UE 120. For example, a model inference host (such as a model inference host 404) may be deployed at, or on, a UE 120. The AI / ML model 510 may enable the UE 120 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input to the AI / ML model 510.
[0092] For example, as shown by reference number 515, an input to the AI / ML model 510 may include beam measurements associated with a first set of beams. For example, a network node 110 may transmit one or more signal values respective beams from the first set of beams. The UE 120 may perform measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements or other measurements) of the first set of beams to obtain a first set of measurements. For example, each beam, from the first set of beams, may be associated with one or more measurements performed by the UE 120. The UE 120 may input the first set of measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values) into the AI / ML model 510 along with information associated with the first set of beams and / or a second set of beams, such as a beam direction (e.g., spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beams from the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams.
[0093] As shown by reference number 520, the AI / ML model 510 may output one or more predictions. The one or more predictions may include predicted channel characteristics or measurement values (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurement values) associated with the second set of beams. This may reduce a quantity of beam measurements that are performed by the UE 120, thereby conversing power of the UE 120 and / or network resources that would have otherwise been used to measure all beams included in the first set of beams and the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction.
[0094] As another example, an output of the AI / ML model 510 may include a point-direction, an angle of departure (AoD) , and / or an angle of arrival (AoA) of a beam included in the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a non-codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction. As another example, multiple measurement report or values, collected at different points in time, may be input to the AI / ML model 510. This may enable the AI / ML model 510 to output codebook based and / or non-codebook based predictions for a measurement value, an AoD, and / or an AoA, among other examples, of a beam at a future time. The output (s) of the AI / ML model 510, as described herein, may facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., a P2 beam management procedure or a P3 beam management procedure as described above in connection with Fig. 4) , link quality or interference adaptation procedure, beam failure and / or beam blockage predictions, and / or radio link failure predictions, among other examples. This may lead to better management accuracy without excessive beam sweeping.
[0095] In some examples, the first set of beams may be referred to as Set B beams and the second set of beams may be referred to as Set A beams. In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may be a subset of the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) . In some other examples, the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold, SSB-like beams) and the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold, CSI-RS like beams) . In one example, the AI / ML model 510 may perform spatial-domain downlink beam predictions for beams included in the Set A beams based on measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams. As another example, the AI / ML model 510 may perform temporal downlink beam prediction for beams included in the Set A beams based on historic measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams.
[0096] As described above, to perform the predictions described herein, the UE 120 and / or the AI / ML model 510 may expect information associated with the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams in order to accurately perform the predictions. For example, the UE 120 and / or the AI / ML model 510 may use information such as a beam direction (e.g., spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beams from the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams to accurately perform the predictions described above. However, this information may be associated with beamforming techniques performed at a network entity (e.g., network node 110) . Therefore, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive the information (e.g., a beam direction (e.g., spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beams from the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams) . However, this may consume significant signaling overhead, especially in cases where the network node 110 may dynamically change beamforming techniques or shapes (e.g., thereby requiring another transmission of the information described above) . Further, explicit indications of the beamforming techniques performed at a network node 110 may expect detailed disclosures of proprietary or confidential information. Therefore, in some cases, a network node 110 may not provide explicit indications of some, or all, of the information needed by the UE 120 to accurately perform the predictions described above. As a result, AI / ML predictions performed by the UE 120 may be degraded because the UE 120 may not have access to information of beam characteristics or shapes of beams associated with the AI / ML predictions.
[0097] In some aspects, there may be connections between resources for predictive beam management. For example, the UE 120 may receive an indication of a first set of resources and a second set of resources and an indication of one or more connections between the first set of resources and the second set of resources. The one or more connections may include a connection associated with a resource, included in the first set of resources or the second set of resources, that is defined with respect to one or more resources included in a different set of resources from the first set of resources or the second set of resources. In other words, the connections may be implicit connections defining beam characteristics associated with a given resource with respect to beams associated with other resources (s) that are included in a different set. In some examples, the connection described herein may be referred to as an implicit connection, an association, a relation, a relationship, a correspondence, a mapping, and / or a link, among other examples. The connection may indicate a relationship between a first spatial direction or a first beam associated with the resource and second spatial directions or second beams of the one or more resources included in the different set of resources. The first set of resources may be channel measurement resources for a CSI report and the second set of resources may be resources that are not to be actually measured by the UE 120 (e.g., nominal resources) . For example, the first set of resources may be associated with Set B beams and the second set of resources may be associated with Set A beams. In some aspects, the connections may be graph-based connections or may be linear combinations.
[0098] The UE 120 may transmit a CSI report indicating measurement values associated with the first set of resources and the second set of resources. A first one or more measurement values, from the measurement values, associated with the first set of resources may be measured by the UE 120. A second one or more measurement values, from the measurement values, associated with the second set of resources may be predicted by the UE 120 based at least in part on the first one or more measurement values and the one or more connections. In other words, the UE 120 may use the connections between the first set of resources and the second set of resources to obtain beam characteristics or beam shapes associated with the first set of resources and the second set of resources. The UE 120 may use the beam characteristics or beam shapes associated with the first set of resources and the second set of resources to perform one or more AI / ML predictions associated with the first set of resources and the second set of resources.
[0099] In some aspects, one or more resources included in the second set of resources may be used for a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state indication. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more resources included in the second set of resources may be used by the UE 120 as a source reference for a quasi-co-location (QCL) source (e.g., even though the UE 120 has not actually received and / or measured signal (s) via the second set of resources) .
[0100] Beam prediction at the network node 110 can utilize more powerful computation capabilities than at the UE 120. The network node 110 also has access to historical or location-wise L1 report distributions and may access other UE feedback and location information. The network node 110 may also be aware of transmit beam shapes (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB) and pointing directions. However, only the strongest beams are reported from the UE 120 and it is hard to know the receive beams used to derive the L1 reports or CSI feedback. The UE feedback may be quantized and it may be difficult to determine the UE’s orientation or rotation status.
[0101] Beam prediction at the UE 120 may benefit from instant access to filtered measurements of all beams. The UE 120 has access to the receive beams used to derive the measurements. The measurements may be either raw or quantized. The UE 120 may be aware of or able to predict its own orientation and rotation status. Accordingly, the UE 120 may utilize an ML model to predict one or more beam parameters for a predicted beam group based on a nominal reference signal group. In this regard, the ML model executed by the UE 120 may utilize measurements and / or other information (e.g., UE mobility, UE location) associated with the nominal reference signal group and / or previously acquired data to determine one or more beam parameters (e.g., predicted beam measurements, predicted beam ranking order) for the predicted beam group.
[0102] The predicted beam group may be associated with a future reference signal monitoring occasion (e.g., reference signal monitoring occasions associated with nominal reference signal groups) . The predicted beam groups may be associated with a time period between reference signal monitoring occasions. The predicted beam groups may be associated with time periods between reference signal monitoring occasions where reference signal transmissions are omitted but would occur if a standard reference signal periodicity was being used.
[0103] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0104] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of using a prediction accuracy threshold, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0105] Example 600 shows that network signaling may start Set B measurements by a UE of a measurement resource (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB) of one or more prediction targets (e.g., beam, channel, TRP) with respect to a certain AI / ML functionality or associated identifier (ID) . The UE may not carry out a prediction of a channel characteristic before obtaining enough Set B beam measurements during latency L. The latency may be based at least in part on UE capabilities with respect to functionalities or associated IDs. The configuration of a periodic CSI report, an activation of a semi-periodic (SP) CSI report, or a triggering of an aperiodic (AP) CSI report is not expected before the latency expires. The UE does not provide prediction accuracy requirements.
[0106] For different UEs to measure Set B beams for different AI / ML functionalities and / or associated IDs, various CSI timelines need to stored and handled by the network entity (e.g., gNB) . This would introduce high implementation complexity that consumes processing resources and restricts scheduling flexibility.
[0107] According to various aspects described herein, a UE may use a prediction accuracy that is based at least in part on a smaller (e.g., minimum) amount of (historical) beam measurements (e.g., for Set B beams) or a time duration of the beam measurements. The beam measurements may include L1-RSRP measurements or SINR measurements of measurement resource (e.g., CSI-RSs or SSBs) . The duration may be based at least in part on one or multiple periodicity values of the CSI-RSs or SSBs. The amount may be the number of transmission occasions of the CSI-RSs or SSBs that are actually measured.
[0108] In some aspects, as shown by reference number 602, different prediction accuracy levels may be associated with different numbers or durations of Set B measurements. The UE may be expected to provide prediction results of channel characteristics in a CSI report as long as the prediction results meets beam prediction accuracy requirements (e.g., reusing a legacy CSI timeline) . The accuracy requirement may be a threshold, such as a minimum accuracy percentage. The network entity may determine how to use the prediction results. The network entity may determine the achievable prediction accuracy. There is no need for the network entity to implement additional complexity (e.g., UE / functionality / associated ID-dependent) and to limit scheduling flexibility for restricted CSI timelines.
[0109] In some aspects, a prediction accuracy level may be based at least in part on a probability of predicted top K prediction targets, which may include optimally AI / ML-predicted (genie) or measured top K targets (or vice versa) . A prediction accuracy level may be based at least in part on a difference between predicted and genie / measured L1-RSRPs and / or SINRs with respect to the top K targets. A prediction accuracy level may be based at least in part on a difference between predicted and genie / measured L1-RSRPs and / or SINRs with respect to the predicted top K targets and genie / measured top K targets.
[0110] In some aspects, the network entity may indicate a pairing of the number and the prediction accuracy level or a pairing of the duration and the prediction accuracy level. Different groups of pairs may be specified for CSI-RSs or specified for SSBs. Different groups of pairs may be specified for different AI / ML functionalities and / or associated IDs (for functionalities, parameters, or models) . Different groups of pairs may be specified for different numbers of CSI-RSs / SSBs and / or for different numbers of prediction targets.
[0111] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
[0112] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of varied prediction accuracies, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0113] In some aspects, the minimum number or the duration may be based at least in part on whether discontinuous reception (DRX) is activated at the UE. Example 700 of Fig. 7 shows that if DRX is not used by the UE, there may be more frequent Set B measurements over a certain historical duration. Without DRX, there may be more measurements for a more accurate prediction. With DRX, there may be fewer measurements for a less accurate prediction.
[0114] In some aspects, the minimum number or the duration may be based at least in part on a periodicity of the DRX. For a shorter DRX period, there may be fewer measurements for a less accurate prediction. For a longer DRX period, there may be more measurements for a more accurate prediction. Example 702 shows that a shorter DRX period can have the same number of measurements as a longer DRX period, and the prediction accuracies may be the same. The minimum number or the duration may be based at least in part on a length of the DRX-on duration. A shorter DRX periodicity and / or a longer DRX-on duration may lead to fewer CSI-RS / SSB measurements or a shorter duration of CSI-RS / SSB measurements for a certain accuracy level, or lead to a higher accuracy level for a certain number / duration of CSI-RS / SSB measurements.
[0115] In some aspects, other dependencies may be considered. The minimum number or the duration may be based at least in part on a measurement gap parameter configured at the UE. The measurement gap parameter may include a periodicity of the measurement gaps and / or a component carrier (CC) of the measurement gaps. The measurement gap parameter may be specific to a cell (e.g., serving cell, target cell) .
[0116] The minimum number or the duration may be based at least in part on a smart mesh technology communication (SMTC) parameter configured at the UE for one or more cells. A SMTC parameter may include a periodicity. Other SMTC parameters may include parameters for spatial multiplexing (e.g., ability to transmit multiple data streams) , modulation (e.g., MCS) , a transmit power level, and / or channel estimation. The SMTC parameter may be specific to a cell (e.g., serving cell, target cell) . If a SMTC is with respect to a cell or CC comprising the SSBs, a shorter periodicity and / or a longer duration may lead to a lower number or a shorter duration of SSB measurements for a certain accuracy level, or lead to higher accuracy level for a certain number / duration of SSB measurements.
[0117] The minimum number or the duration may be based at least in part on a monitoring reference signal (RS) parameter. The RS may be transmitted via Set A beams and / or their periodicity (frequency of transmission) . A shorter monitoring RS periodicity may lead to a smaller number or a shorter duration for a certain accuracy level, or lead to higher accuracy level for a certain number / duration of CSI-RS / SSB measurements.
[0118] The minimum number or the duration may be based at least in part on a beam prediction timeline. The beam prediction timeline may have a start time and a length.
[0119] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.
[0120] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 of an accuracy prediction, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0121] Example 800 shows considerations for satisfying a required accuracy. There may be K prediction targets (e.g., target beams, target measurements) that are associated with a period (e.g., PSSB for SSB) . The K targets may be the top K targets (e.g., K greatest measurements in order, starting with the greatest) . Predicted channel characteristics may include the top K target IDs, predicted L1-RSRPs / SINRs with respect to the top K targets, predicted probabilities being Top 1 and / or Top K targets, and / or a confidence level with respect to the predicted L1-RSRPs / SINRs with respect to the top K targets. If there are two choices for transmitting a CSI report, one choice may have fewer targets (e.g., choice 2) . The network may expect that a required prediction accuracy is met if the prediction accuracy is greater than a prediction accuracy threshold value associated with K × PSSB.
[0122] In an example with DRX, the UE may report the duration of CSI-RSs / SSBs as a UE capability, for a given AI / ML functionality and an associated ID. SSBs may be considered to be Set B beams. A first capability (if no DRX is used) may be associated with an accuracy requirement (or threshold) of 10×PSSB. A second capability (DRX is used where DRX periodicity (PDRX) ≤320 ms) may be associated with an accuracy requirement of 15×PSSB. A third capability (DRX is used where PDRX>320 ms) may be associated with an accuracy requirement of 20×PDRX.
[0123] An accuracy requirement may evaluated according to one metric or any combination of metrics. In some aspects, the accuracy requirement may be a prediction accuracy, such as an RSRP accuracy. The accuracy requirement may be a beam prediction accuracy. For example, the top 1 (%) may be the percentage of the top 1 strongest beam as the top 1 predicted beam. The top K / 1 (%) may be the percentage of the top 1 strongest beam as one of the top K predicted beams. The top 1 / K (%) may be the percentage of the top 1 predicted beam as one of the top K strongest beams.
[0124] In some aspects, an accuracy metric may include the successful rate for the correct prediction that is considered as a maximum RSRP among top K predicted beams larger than the RSRP of the strongest beam –x decibels (dB) . The related measurement accuracy may be considered to determine x.
[0125] While a prediction accuracy threshold may depend on specific scenarios or use cases (e.g., involving UE moving speed, number of beams) , examples of prediction accuracy thresholds for K prediction targets may include {top 1 accuracy, K} = {≤ 30%, 1-4} , {30%-40%, 5-10} , {40%-50%, 11-15} , {50%-60%, 16-20} , and {at least 60%, ≥20} . In these examples, the top 1 prediction accuracy may be defined as an optimal (genie) top 1 Set A beam is equal to a predicted top 1 Set A beam. These examples may involve 32 Set A beams and 8 Set B beams, where Set A beams and Set B beams are totally non-overlapping (e.g., wide-to-narrow beam prediction) .
[0126] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 8.
[0127] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 associated with a prediction accuracy, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 9, a network entity 910 (e.g., network node 110) and a UE 920 (e.g., UE 120) may communicate with one another via a wireless network (e.g., wireless communication network 100) .
[0128] As shown by reference number 925, the network entity 910 may transmit a scheduling message that requests and / or schedules a CSI report. As shown by reference number 930, the network entity 910 may transmit an indication of an accuracy threshold (requirement) for beam predictions. The indication may indicate the minimum number of and / or a duration of measurements (e.g., Set B measurements) of a measurement resource for calculation of a prediction accuracy. One or more predicted channel characteristics may be based at least in part on one or more measurements of the measurement resource. These may be historical measurements used to predict, via an AI / ML model or functionality, channel characteristics. The minimum number or duration may be specified, such as indicate by the network entity 910 or obtained from stored configuration information at the UE 920. In some aspects, the indication may indicate an accuracy threshold or requirement. The accuracy threshold may be associated with a signal strength (e.g., RSRP) accuracy, a beam prediction accuracy (e.g., percentage of best beams that were selected had measurements confirming that the best beam was selected) , a prediction accuracy level, or a prediction success rate (e.g., measurements confirm a level of prediction success) .
[0129] In some aspects, the indication of the accuracy threshold, the minimum number, and / or the duration may be specific to a type of reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS or SSB) . The indication may be specific to an AI / ML functionality or ID. The indication may be specific to the number of reference signals and / or the number of prediction targets.
[0130] As shown by reference number 935, the network entity 910 may transmit a reference signal. As shown by reference number 940, the UE 920 may determine whether a calculated prediction accuracy satisfies the accuracy threshold. If so, as shown by reference number 945, the UE 920 may transmit the CSI report. In some aspects, the CSI report may indicate the predicted channel characteristics.
[0131] As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 9.
[0132] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120, UE 920) performs operations associated with accuracy for a CSI report.
[0133] As shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving a scheduling message for a CSI report (block 1010) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1202 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may receive a scheduling message for a CSI report, as described above.
[0134] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements (block 1020) . For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may transmit the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy requirement is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements, as described above. In some aspects, the predicted channel characteristic may be based at least in part on a measurement of a measurement resource, and the minimum number or the duration may be specified for the measurement resource. In some aspects, the CSI report may indicate the predicted channel characteristic.
[0135] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0136] In a first aspect, the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on whether DRX is used (active) at the UE.
[0137] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a periodicity of the DRX.
[0138] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a measurement gap parameter configured at the UE for one or more cells.
[0139] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on an SMTC parameter configured at the UE for one or more cells.
[0140] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a monitoring RS parameter.
[0141] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a beam prediction timeline.
[0142] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the CSI report includes a set of target IDs (e.g., for target beams) associated with the accuracy threshold (e.g., accuracy requirement applies to the identified targets) .
[0143] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the CSI report includes predicted signal measurements associated with the accuracy threshold.
[0144] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, process 1000 includes receiving an indication of one or more of the accuracy threshold, the minimum number, or the duration.
[0145] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the indication is specific to a type of RS.
[0146] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the indication is specific to an AI / ML functionality or ID.
[0147] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the indication is specific to a number of reference signals.
[0148] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the indication is specific to a number of prediction targets.
[0149] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the accuracy threshold is associated with a signal strength (e.g., L1-RSRP) accuracy.
[0150] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the accuracy threshold includes a beam prediction accuracy.
[0151] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the accuracy threshold includes a beam prediction accuracy.
[0152] Although Fig. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0153] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at a network entity or an apparatus of a network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example where the apparatus or the network entity (e.g., network node 110, network entity 910) performs operations associated with accuracy for channel state information report.
[0154] As shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include transmitting a scheduling message for a CSI report (block 1110) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using transmission component 1304 and / or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may transmit a scheduling message for a CSI report, as described above.
[0155] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving the CSI report, where the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements (block 1120) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using reception component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may receive the CSI report, where the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements, as described above.
[0156] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0157] In a first aspect, the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on whether DRX is used (active) at a UE.
[0158] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on an SMTC parameter configured at a user equipment for one or more cells.
[0159] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a monitoring RS parameter.
[0160] Although Fig. 11 shows example blocks of process 1100, in some aspects, process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.
[0161] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204. The communication manager 1206 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 140 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the UE.
[0162] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 1-9. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0163] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more components of the UE described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the UE.
[0164] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more components of the UE described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202.
[0165] The communication manager 1206 may support operations of the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0166] The reception component 1202 may receive a scheduling message for a CSI report. The transmission component 1204 may transmit the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements. The reception component 1202 may receive an indication of one or more of the accuracy threshold, the minimum number, or the duration.
[0167] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 12.
[0168] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1300 may be a network entity, or a network entity may include the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 includes a reception component 1302, a transmission component 1304, and / or a communication manager 1306, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 is the communication manager 155 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1300 may communicate with another apparatus 1308, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1302 and the transmission component 1304. The communication manager 1306 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 145 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the network entity.
[0169] In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 1-9. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1100 of Fig. 11. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may include one or more components of the network entity described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0170] The reception component 1302 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1308. The reception component 1302 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may include one or more components of the network entity described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network entity.
[0171] The transmission component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1300 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may include one or more components of the network entity described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network entity described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may be co-located with the reception component 1302.
[0172] The communication manager 1306 may support operations of the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304. For example, the communication manager 1306 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1302 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1304. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1306 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0173] The transmission component 1304 may transmit a scheduling message for a CSI report. The reception component 1302 may receive the CSI report, where the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, where the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0174] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 13 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 13. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 13 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 13.
[0175] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0176] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving a scheduling message for a channel state information (CSI) report; and transmitting the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, wherein the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0177] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on whether discontinuous reception (DRX) is used at the UE.
[0178] Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a periodicity of the DRX.
[0179] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a measurement gap parameter configured at the UE for one or more cells.
[0180] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a smart mesh technology communication parameter configured at the UE for one or more cells.
[0181] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a monitoring reference signal parameter.
[0182] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a beam prediction timeline.
[0183] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the CSI report includes a set of target identifiers associated with the accuracy threshold.
[0184] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the CSI report includes predicted signal measurements associated with the accuracy threshold.
[0185] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, further comprising receiving an indication of one or more of the accuracy threshold, the minimum number, or the duration.
[0186] Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the indication is specific to a type of reference signal.
[0187] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the indication is specific to a machine learning functionality or identifier.
[0188] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the indication is specific to a number of reference signals.
[0189] Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the indication is specific to a number of prediction targets.
[0190] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the accuracy threshold is associated with a signal strength accuracy.
[0191] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, wherein the accuracy threshold includes a beam prediction accuracy, a prediction accuracy level, or a prediction success rate.
[0192] Aspect 17: A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising: transmitting a scheduling message for a channel state information (CSI) report; and receiving the CSI report, wherein the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, wherein the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.
[0193] Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 17, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on whether discontinuous reception (DRX) is used at a user equipment.
[0194] Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 17-18, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a smart mesh technology communication parameter configured at a user equipment for one or more cells.
[0195] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 17-19, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a monitoring reference signal parameter.
[0196] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 1-20, wherein the predicted channel characteristic is based at least in part on a measurement of a measurement resource, and wherein the minimum number or the duration is specified for the measurement resource.
[0197] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, wherein the CSI report indicates the predicted channel characteristic.
[0198] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-22.
[0199] Aspect 24: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-22.
[0200] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-22.
[0201] Aspect 26: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-22.
[0202] Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-22.
[0203] Aspect 28: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-22.
[0204] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-22.
[0205] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects. No element, act, or instruction described herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such.
[0206] It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0207] As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to refer to one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” or “at least one. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or “asingle one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” “comprise, ” “comprising, ” “include” and “including, ” and derivatives thereof or similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0208] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, estimating, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , searching, inferring, ascertaining, and / or measuring, among other possibilities. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information) , accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory) or transmitting (such as transmitting information) , among other possibilities. Additionally, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing, and / or other such similar actions.
[0209] As used herein, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based at least in part on” or “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0210] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the scope of all aspects described herein. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to:receive a scheduling message for a channel state information (CSI) report; andtransmit the CSI report based at least in part on a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets for the CSI report satisfying an accuracy threshold, wherein the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum amount of or a duration of measurements.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predicted channel characteristic is based at least in part on a measurement of a measurement resource, and wherein the minimum number or the duration is specified for the measurement resource.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the CSI report indicates the predicted channel characteristic.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on whether discontinuous reception (DRX) is used at the UE.5.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a periodicity of the DRX.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a measurement gap parameter configured at the UE for one or more cells.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a smart mesh technology communication parameter configured at the UE for one or more cells.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a monitoring reference signal parameter.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a beam prediction timeline.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the CSI report includes a set of target identifiers associated with the accuracy threshold.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to predict signal measurements associated with the accuracy threshold.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to receive an indication of one or more of the accuracy threshold, the minimum number, or the duration.13.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the indication is specific to a type of reference signal.14.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the indication is specific to a machine learning functionality or identifier.15.The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the indication is specific to a number of reference signals.16.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the indication is specific to a number of prediction targets.17.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the accuracy threshold is associated with one or more of a signal strength accuracy, a beam prediction accuracy, a prediction accuracy level, or a prediction success rate.18.An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to:transmit a scheduling message for a channel state information (CSI) report; andreceive the CSI report, wherein the CSI report has a prediction accuracy of a predicted channel characteristic of one or more prediction targets that satisfies an accuracy threshold, and wherein the accuracy threshold is based at least in part on a minimum number of or a duration of measurements.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on whether discontinuous reception (DRX) is used at a user equipment.20.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the minimum number or the duration is based at least in part on a smart mesh technology communication parameter or a monitoring reference signal parameter configured at a user equipment for one or more cells.
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