Air filter with at least one fixed-length portion and at least one adjustable-length portion
A length-adjustable pleated air filter for mini-split systems addresses the space constraint by offering external installation and improved filtration, enhancing PM2.5 capture through adjustable pleat configurations.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-09
AI Technical Summary
Mini-split air-conditioning systems face challenges in accommodating conventional pleated air filters due to limited internal space in their indoor air-handling units, necessitating a solution for effective filtration of fine particles without compromising installation space.
A conformable, unframed, length-adjustable pleated air filter with at least one fixed-length portion and at least one adjustable-length portion, designed for external installation atop the air inlet, allowing for adjustable expansion and compaction to fit various air-handling unit configurations.
The solution provides enhanced filtration performance by increasing pleat height and surface area, enabling easy installation and effective capture of fine particles like PM2.5, while conforming to the shape of the air-handling unit without requiring additional internal space.
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Figure CN2024123196_09042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AIR FILTER WITH AT LEAST ONE FIXED-LENGTH PORTION AND AT LEAST ONE ADJUSTABLE-LENGTH PORTIONBackground
[0001] So-called mini-split air-conditioning systems are becoming more prevalent throughout the world, particularly in dwellings that cannot be easily fitted with ducting for a centralized heating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. The indoor air-handling units of mini-split air-conditioning units have very little internal space into which conventional pleated air filters can be installed.Summary
[0002] Disclosed herein are conformable, unframed, length-adjustable air filters for external installation atop an air inlet of an indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system. Such an air filter may comprise a conformable, unframed, length-adjustable pleated filter assembly comprising at least one conformable fixed-length portion and at least one conformable adjustable-length portion, the at least one adjustable-length portion being reversibly adjustable along an expansion-compaction direction of the pleated filter assembly between at least compacted condition and an at-rest condition that is expanded relative to the compacted condition. These and other aspects will be apparent from the detailed description below. In no event, however, should the above summaries be construed as limitations on the claimed subject matter, which subject matter is defined solely by the attached claims, as may be amended during prosecution.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0003] Fig. 1 is a perspective view, generally from the front and slightly above, of an exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system.
[0004] Fig. 2 is a perspective view, generally from the front and slightly below, of another exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system.
[0005] Fig. 3 is a perspective view, generally from the front and slightly above, of another exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system.
[0006] Fig. 4 is a side plan view of another exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system.
[0007] Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary length-adjustable air filter as disclosed herein, viewed from an upper side.
[0008] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the exemplary length-adjustable air filter of Fig. 5, viewed from a lower side.
[0009] Fig. 7 is a side plan view of an exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system, with an exemplary length-adjustable air filter installed atop the indoor air-handling unit.
[0010] Fig. 8 is a side plan view of a front section of an exemplary length-adjustable air filter.
[0011] Fig. 9 is a side plan view of a rear section of an exemplary length-adjustable air filter.
[0012] Fig. 10 is a perspective view of another exemplary length-adjustable air filter as disclosed herein, viewed from an upper side.
[0013] Like reference numbers in the various figures indicate like elements. Unless otherwise indicated, all figures and drawings in this document are not to scale and are chosen for the purpose of illustrating different embodiments of the invention. In particular the dimensions of the various components are depicted in illustrative terms only, and no relationship between the dimensions of the various components should be inferred from the drawings, unless so indicated.
[0014] As used herein as a modifier to a property, attribute or relationship, the term “generally” , unless otherwise specifically defined, means that the property, attribute or relationship would be readily recognizable by a person of ordinary skill but without requiring absolute precision or a perfect match (e.g., within + / -20 %for quantifiable properties) . The term “substantially” , unless otherwise specifically defined, means to a high degree of approximation (e.g., within + / -10%for quantifiable properties) but again without requiring absolute precision or a perfect match. The term “essentially” , unless otherwise specifically define, means to a very high degree of approximation (e.g. within + / -2%) . However, even such terms as “essentially” do not necessarily require an exact or “perfect” match.
[0015] The term “configured to” and like terms is at least as restrictive as the term “adapted to” , and requires actual design intention to perform the specified function rather than mere capability of performing such a function. The term “integral” denotes items that are portions of the same overall entity, are of the same composition, and that were made concurrently in the same manufacturing process, e.g. by folding a piece of sheet-like material to provide panels or segments that are integrally connected to each other at a fold line therebetween. Terms such as “attach” , “attached” , “attachable” , etc., unless otherwise specified, denote permanent attachment such that an entity cannot be detached from an item to which it is attached, without unacceptably damaging or destroying the entity and / or the item. The terminology of first and second is for convenience of description and does not imply any classification as to function or order, unless specifically noted.Detailed Description
[0016] Disclosed herein is a length-adjustable air filter that is configured to be externally installed atop an air inlet of an indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system. Exemplary indoor air-handling units 100 are depicted in perspective view in Figs. 1-3 and in side plan view in Fig. 4. Any such indoor air-handling unit 100 will typically be installed on a vertical wall 200 (e.g. a wall of a room of a residential dwelling, office, etc. ) . Often, such a unit will be installed near (e.g., within 5-20 cm of) a ceiling 300 of the room, as shown in generic representation in Fig. 4. Such a unit will comprise a housing 101, which will comprise an air inlet 102 through which room air is admitted, and an air outlet 103 through which conditioned air exits the interior of the unit. In general, such a unit will have an upper portion 104 and a front portion 105 (as well as a lower portion) . In this regard, terms such as forward, front, and like terminology, and terms such as rear, rearward, and like terminology, are defined with respect to an air-handling unit 100 (and to an air filter 1 installed thereon) as mounted on a wall. For all such items and components thereof, forward, front, and like terminology denote a direction generally away from the wall; rear, rearward and like terminology denotes an opposing direction generally toward the wall. (In other words, the “rear” of the air-handling unit faces the wall. ) Terms such as upward, downward, upper, lower, and so on, as applied to a wall-mounted air-handling unit and an air filter installed thereon, all have their ordinary meaning.
[0017] In many such air-handling units 100, air inlet 102 will be located at least generally in the upper portion 104 of the unit, and air outlet 103 will be located in a lower portion of the unit (and / or in a lower section of the front portion 105 of the unit) , so that ambient air can be drawn into the unit from near the ceiling and so that conditioned air can be expelled from the unit in a generally downward and / or outward (forward) direction. Air inlet 102 will often have a lattice 106 of multiple struts, and will have a front edge 111 and a rear edge 112. Unit 100 will have at least one internal fan (often, a cross-flow fan) that motivates ambient air to enter the housing through inlet 102 and conditioned air to leave the housing through outlet 103. Many such air-handling units 100 will comprise one or more mesh screens (not visible in any Figure) within the interior of housing 101 (and accessible (in some instances, removable) by opening one or more covers in housing 101) . Such mesh screens typically serve only to remove gross debris, pet hair, and the like, from the incoming air, and have nearly zero efficiency for capturing fine particles such as PM2.5 particles. It is possible to install a fine-particle air filter (e.g. comprising an electret filter media) within the interior of housing 101, e.g. by mounting it on a mesh screen of the general type described above. Arrangements of this general type are disclosed e.g. in U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2023 / 0372854, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. However, in many cases there is very little room within housing 101 for installing a fine-particle filter therein; in particular, it may be difficult to install a pleated filter media within housing 101 due to the limited space available.
[0018] The herein-disclosed arrangements avoid such difficulties by providing a pleated air filter 1 that is configured to be installed externally on a housing 101 of an air-handling unit 100 rather than internally within the housing. Specifically, air filter 1 can be installed atop air inlet 102 so as to filter a significant amount of the incoming air before it enters housing 101 through inlet 102. An externally-installed pleated air filter 1 will be able to have a greater pleat height and commensurately higher surface area (and thus can achieve significantly higher filtration performance) in comparison to an internally-installed air filter. Air filter 1 is length-adjustable, which allows air filter 1 to be easily installed atop an air-handling unit.
[0019] An exemplary length-adjustable air filter 1 is depicted in Fig. 5 as viewed from an upper side of the air filter, in Fig. 6 as viewed from a lower side of the air filter, and in Fig. 7 as installed atop an air-handling unit 100. Various components, portions, areas, etc. of air filter 1 may be present in pairs (or, in general, in multiples) ; all such items may not be individually labeled with reference numbers but general descriptions herein will be understood to apply to all such pairs, multiples, etc. Length-adjustable air filter 1 comprises a conformable, unframed, adjustable pleated filter assembly 10. By pleated is meant a sheet-like entity that has been folded into rows of generally parallel, oppositely oriented folds ( “pleats” ) 21 that provide alternating peaks and valleys on both sides of the entity. As indicated e.g. in Fig. 5, pleated filter assembly 10 comprises filter media 15 formed into a plurality of pleat-panels (indicated generically by reference number 22) and comprises an upper side 11 with upper pleat tips 23 and upper pleat valleys 24, and a lower side 12 with lower pleat tips 25 and lower pleat valleys 26. Pleated filter assembly 10 exhibits a pleat direction (Dp, indicated in Figs. 5 and 6) that is parallel to the long axes of the pleat tips.
[0020] Pleated filter assembly 10 is length-adjustable (e.g., expandable and compactible) along an expansion-contraction direction Dec that is generally perpendicular to pleat direction Dp. Along this direction, assembly 10 will have a forward direction F and a rearward direction R (all as labeled in Figs. 5 and 6) , in accordance with the terminology previously introduced. Pleated filter assembly 10 (and air filter 1) will have opposing primary ends; specifically, a forward end 13 and a rearward end 14. Pleated filter assembly 10 will have opposing secondary edges 17 that are corrugated edges. By a corrugated edge is meant an edge that exhibits a readily recognizable zig-zag shape when viewed along the pleat direction Dp of the assembly. (Primary ends 13 and 14 are thus non-corrugated according to this definition. )
[0021] By unframed is meant that pleated filter assembly 10 (and filter 1 as a whole) does not comprise any kind of perimeter support frame that is mounted (at least) on the edges and ends of the pleated filter assembly. This proviso applies to rigid frames that hold an air filter stably in a particular shape and size, as well to adjustable frames (e.g. with members that are sliding, telescoping, and / or repositionable) that support an air filter while allowing the size and or shape of the air filter to be adjusted. Frames that are excluded from being present in a herein-disclosed unframed pleated filter assembly 10 and air filter 1 include, but are not limited to, so-called channel frames, pinch frames, and box frames. These restrictions apply to air filter 1 as packaged, and as installed atop an air-handling unit.
[0022] By conformable is meant that pleated filter assembly 10 (and filter 1 as a whole) can be reversibly conformed from a planar condition (in which pleated filter assembly 10 exhibits a radius of curvature of essentially infinity) to a conformed condition in which pleated filter assembly 10 exhibits an average radius of curvature of less than 100 cm, without unacceptably damaging pleated filter assembly 10 or any component thereof. Any such conforming will be along a conforming axis that is at least generally perpendicular to the pleat direction Dp of the pleated filter assembly 10. Such a radius of curvature will be measured in terms of an imaginary polygonal curve defined by the lower pleat tips (as defined herein) of the pleated filter assembly when viewing the conformed pleated filter assembly along the pleat direction Dp. In various embodiments, pleated filter assembly 10 and filter 1, when conformed, may exhibit an average radius of curvature of less than 80, 60 or 40 cm. Such conformability will allow air filter 1 to easily conform to the shape of an upper portion 104 of an indoor air-handling unit, regardless of whether the shape of the upper portion is e.g. flat, rounded, undulating, etc.
[0023] Pleated filter assembly 10 may be equipped with at least a front, securing tab 50 to form air filter 1. Tab 50 is configured to be detachably secured to an indoor air-handling unit 100 of a mini-split air-conditioning system to maintain air filter 1 in place atop the indoor air-handling unit. In many embodiments, tab 50 is configured to be detachably secured (e.g., by way of a removable pressure-sensitive adhesive) to an outside surface 107 of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit. Air filter 1 may further comprise a rear, abutting tab 70 that, with air filter 1 in place atop the air-handling unit, is configured to abut against (but not necessarily to attach to) a surface that is rearward of a rear edge 112 of air inlet 102.
[0024] Air filter 1, and pleated air filter assembly 10 thereof, is configured to be length-adjustable (e.g., expandable and compactible) along an expansion-contraction direction Dec. This is achieved by providing pleated air filter assembly 10 with at least one fixed-length portion and at least one adjustable-length portion. By definition, the at least one fixed-length portion and the at least one adjustable-length portion are pleated as defined and described above. In many embodiments, the fixed-length portion (s) and the adjustable-length portion (s) will be made of the same pleated filter media 15 and will be identically pleated (i.e., they will have the same pleat distance as defined later herein) . In some such embodiments, an adjustable-length portion is provided by some pleat-panels of a pleated filter assembly and a fixed-length portion is provided by other pleat-panels of the same pleated filter assembly, with the adjustable-length portion being integrally connected to the fixed-length portion (e.g. at a junction of pleat-panels) .
[0025] Any such fixed-length portion of pleated filter assembly 10, and any such adjustable-length portion of pleated filter assembly 10, by definition will be a portion of pleated filter assembly 10 and as such will comprise pleated filter media 15) . Therefore, any separately-made item (e.g. a tab, strap, flange, frame, etc. ) that is attached to a pleated filter media cannot be considered to constitute a fixed-length portion or an adjustable-length portion of a pleated filter assembly as defined herein (noting however that a front adjustable-length portion 5 may have a separately-made front, securing tab attached to it and / or a rear adjustable-length portion may have a separately-made rear, abutting tab attached to it, as discussed in detail later herein) .
[0026] The length of an adjustable-length portion along the Dec direction can be adjusted as discussed later herein, to allow the total length of filter 1 to be adjusted to fit atop a particular air-handling unit. By definition, an adjustable-length portion will exhibit a compaction ratio (as discussed in detail later herein) of less than 50 %. In contrast, a fixed-length portion by definition will exhibit a compaction ratio of greater than 90 %. In many embodiments, the adjusting of the total length of an air filter 1 will be performed by adjusting the length of one or more adjustable-length portions, while the fixed-length portion (s) may remain at least generally at a fixed length. The at least one adjustable-length portion will be conformable as defined above. In some embodiments, the at least one fixed-length portion and the at least one adjustable-length portion will both be conformable. However, the portions do not necessarily have to exhibit the same radius of curvature; e.g., in some embodiments an adjustable-length portion may be able to be conformed to a smaller radius of curvature than a fixed-length portion.
[0027] In some embodiments a pleated air filter assembly may comprise a single adjustable-length portion, with the balance of the pleated air filter assembly being a fixed-length portion 2. In some such embodiments, such an adjustable-length portion may be a rear adjustable-length portion 7 that is located at a rearward end 14 of air filter 1. For example, a rear adjustable-length portion 7 may comprise two or more rearward pleat-panels of pleated filter assembly 10, with the fixed length portion 2 comprising the remaining pleat-panels of pleated filter assembly 10. In some such embodiments, a front, securing tab 50 that is at a front end of air filter 1, may be provided by, and / or attached to, one or more forward pleat-panels of a fixed-length portion 2 of pleated filter assembly 10. A rear, abutting tab 70 may be provided by, and / or attached to, one or more rearward (e.g. rearmost) pleat-panels of the rear adjustable-length portion 7 of pleated filter assembly 10. In some embodiments, a pleated air filter assembly may comprise a single adjustable-length portion, with the balance of the pleated air filter assembly being a fixed-length portion 2, and with the adjustable-length portion being a front adjustable-length portion bearing a front, securing tab 50. In such a case, a rear, abutting tab 70 may be provided by, and / or attached to, one or more rearward (e.g. rearmost) pleat-panels of the fixed-length portion.
[0028] In some embodiments, two adjustable-length portions may be present; e.g. a front adjustable-length portion 5, and a rear adjustable-length portion 7. In such embodiments, a fixed-length portion 2 may be centrally located (along the Dec direction) between the front and rear adjustable-length portions 5 and 7, as in the exemplary arrangements depicted in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. In some such embodiments, a front, securing tab 50 that is at a forward end 13 of air filter 1, may be provided by, and / or attached to, one or more forward pleat-panels (e.g. a frontmost pleat-panel 31) of the front adjustable-length portion 5 of pleated filter assembly 10. In some such embodiments, a rear, abutting tab 70 that is at a rearward end 14 of air filter 1, may be provided by, and / or attached to, one or more rearward (e.g. rearmost) pleat-panels of the rear adjustable-length portion of pleated filter assembly 10.
[0029] A fixed-length portion 2 may comprise any desired number of pleat-panels 22, e.g. from 6 to 100 and any number therebetween. Similarly, an adjustable-length portion may comprise any desired number of pleat-panels 22, e.g. from 2 to 12 and any number therebetween. In particular embodiments, a fixed-length portion may comprise from 40 to 80 pleat-panels, and an adjustable-length portion may comprise from 4 to 10 pleat-panels (noting that if a front adjustable-length portion 5 and a rear adjustable-length portion 7 are present, they may, but do not necessarily need to, have the same number of pleat-panels) .
[0030] The ratio of the total length (along the expansion-compaction direction Dec) of the one or more fixed-length portions of air filter 1, to the total length of the one or more adjustable-length portions of air filter 1, can be any suitable value. By way of a specific example, if an air filter comprises a front adjustable-length portion with an at-rest length of 2 cm, a rear adjustable-length portion with an at-rest length of 4 cm, and a single central fixed-length portion with an at-rest (and e.g. essentially unchanging) length of 15 cm, this ratio would be 15 / (2+4) or 2.5. In various embodiments, this ratio may range from at least 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0, to at most 15, 10, 8, 6, or 4. Such lengths, and the resulting ratios, will be measured with reference to the ends of the pleat-panels of the respective portions (with the air filter in an overall planar, at-rest condition as discussed later herein) ; such measurements thus will not include, e.g., the length of a front, securing tab that extends forwardly beyond a front adjustable-length portion.
[0031] A fixed-length portion 2 of pleated air filter assembly 10 will be a fixed-length portion by virtue of comprising at least one length-fixing member 80. Such a length-fixing member 80 may be located on a lower major side 12 of air filter 1 or on an upper major side 11 of air filter 1; or, length-fixing members 80 may be provided on both the lower and upper major sides of air filter 1. In a presently-preferred arrangement, length-fixing member (s) 80 are located only on the lower major side 12 of air filter 1, as shown in Figs. 6-8. In many embodiments, a fixed-length portion 2 of pleated filter assembly 10 will comprise the same pleated media 15 as the adjustable-length portion (s) . In many embodiments, the pleated media 15 will be adjustable-as-made, meaning that media 15, once it is pleated, will be easily expandable and compactable along the Dec direction unless it is constrained by one or more length-fixing members 80. Length-fixing members 80 can be disposed on any portion of pleated media 15 that is desired to be configured as a fixed-length portion, with remaining portion (s) of pleated media 15, which are not provided with length-fixing members 80, thus becoming the adjustable-length portion (s) of the pleated filter assembly.
[0032] In some embodiments, a length-fixing member 80 may take the form of an elongate strand of hardened adhesive. In some embodiments, such an adhesive may be provided as a flowable liquid (e.g. a hot-melt adhesive heated to a suitable temperature) that is applied to at least one major side of a portion of pleated media 15 that is to serve as a fixed-length portion 2. The flowable liquid may be deposited e.g. as a continuous or discontinuous elongate bead extending along the expansion-compaction direction Dec of the media. In some embodiments, the flowable adhesive may be applied with at least the desired portion of the media temporarily expanded along this direction, after which at least this portion of the media is compacted (with the adhesive still in an at least semi-flowable state) along the Dec direction of the media to a final pleated configuration that exhibits the final pleat spacing and pleat height that is desired for the fixed-length portion 2 of the air filter. The adhesive-bearing media can be held in this condition until the adhesive has sufficiently hardened to form a strand (the flowable adhesive is referred to herein as being deposited as a bead; the hardened adhesive is referred to as a strand) . Upon hardening of the adhesive to a strand, the fixed-length portion of the pleated media will be stably held in the desired pleated configuration. Multiple such beads may be applied that harden to form multiple strands 80, e.g. spaced along the pleat direction Dp of the pleated media as shown in Fig. 6. Any such strand 80 of hardened adhesive may often exhibit e.g. a generally zig-zag or undulating shape when viewed along the pleat direction Dp of the media. Such a strand 80 will typically exhibit an elongate, e.g. linear, appearance (and will be aligned with the Dec direction of the pleated media) when viewed generally along the upward-downward axis of the pleated filter assembly, as will be the case with adhesive strands 80 as shown in Fig. 6. It is in this sense that strands 80 are denoted as being elongate (noting that some such strands may be discontinuous, as discussed later herein, while nevertheless being elongate) .
[0033] A pleated filter media 15 with a portion that has been provided with at least one length-fixing member 80 (e.g., an elongate strand of hardened adhesive) so that the portion is a fixed-length portion, will be termed a pleated filter assembly 10 herein. In some embodiments, such elongate strands 80 of hardened adhesive may be provided on both the upper major side 11 of pleated filter assembly 10 and the lower major side 12 of assembly 10. In some embodiments, such elongate strands may be provided only on an upper major side 11 of pleated filter assembly. However, a presently preferred arrangement is to provide elongate strands 80 only on a lower major side 12 of pleated filter assembly, as evident from Figs. 5, 6 and 7. With this as an exemplary basis, further details of such elongate strands will be described.
[0034] An elongate strand 80 of hardened adhesive can be considered to be provided by multiple, e.g. integrally-connected, parcels of adhesive. (The term parcels is used to identify particular sections of a strand for convenience of description; it does not imply that the parcels were deposited as separate, individual droplets of liquid adhesive. ) In some embodiments, at least some such parcels may be in direct contact with adjacent parcels so that the strand is continuous (along the Dec direction of the pleated media) along at least portions of the strand. In some embodiments, all such parcels are in direct contact with adjacent parcels so that the strand is continuous along its entirety, as is the case with strands 80 as depicted in Fig. 6. (In such cases, the denoting of where one parcel ends and an integrally-adjacent parcel begins, may be somewhat arbitrary. )
[0035] Adhesive bridge
[0036] Whatever the specific arrangements, at least some parcels of adhesive that face each other across a pleat valley will be in integral, bonded contact with each other along at least a portion of the pleat valley. In other words, such opposing parcels will form an adhesive bridge that is adhesively bonded to both pleat-panels that define a pleat valley, so that the adhesive bridge at least substantially prevents the pleat-panels from being expanded away from each other and from being compacted toward each other. Many of the adhesive parcels of strands 80 in the various Figures herein depict such an arrangement; one such exemplary bridge is identified as item 88 in Fig. 9. In order to allow such arrangements to be more easily visualized, certain adhesive parcels have been highlighted with stippling in Fig. 8. For example, item 83 of Fig. 8 indicates a configuration in which opposing adhesive parcels both extend to the valley floor of a lower pleat valley 26 so that, in addition to forming an adhesive bridge between their pleat-panels, they substantially fill the entire lower pleat valley. A variation is indicated by item 84 of Fig. 8, in which the opposing adhesive parcels do not extend to the valley floor. Rather, they terminate so as to leave an empty cavity 85 within a portion of the lower pleat valley. Nevertheless, these parcels still provide an adhesive bridge.
[0037] In further detail, an adhesive bridge may be formed e.g. by temporarily holding a portion of pleated media in a suitable geometric arrangement that is at least partly expanded in comparison to the envisioned final pleat spacing. With the portion of pleated media in this condition, a first parcel of flowable adhesive may be deposited on at least a portion of a first pleat-panel and a second parcel of flowable adhesive may be deposited on at least a portion of a second, nearest-neighbor pleat-panel that faces the first pleat-panel across a pleat valley. (In many embodiments the first and second parcels may be portions of a single, continuously-deposited stream of adhesive. ) The pleated media can then be manipulated to decrease the pleat-spacing so that the above-described pleat-panels are brought close enough together that the first and second parcels of not-yet-hardened adhesive come into contact with each other (e.g., are “kissed” together) and merge at least at one or more locations. The pleated media can then be held in this configuration until the adhesive has fully hardened, thus bonding the first and second parcels of adhesive to their respective pleat-panels as well as bonding the first and second parcels to each other at their merged locations, thus forming the adhesive bridge. In some embodiments, it may not be necessary to deposit flowable adhesive on locations of filter media that correspond to both of the opposing pleat-panels that will define a pleat-valley. Rather, in some embodiments, flowable adhesive may be deposited only an area of one such pleat-panel, with this parcel of adhesive coming into contact with the other, opposing pleat-panel to form an adhesive bridge, when the pleat-spacing is decreased.
[0038] A pleat-panel to which is bonded an adhesive bridge in this manner (with the other end of the bridge being bonded to a nearest-neighbor pleat-panel) will be considered to be a constrained pleat-panel (i.e., a pleat-panel that is at least generally prevented from expanding and from compacting along the Dec direction) . A constrained pleat-panel will belong to a fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly. In contrast, a pleat-panel to which no such adhesive bridge is bonded and that is thus unconstrained, will belong to an adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly. This is the case with the pleat-panels that are denoted in Fig. 8 as belonging to front adjustable-length portion 5, and with the pleat-panels denoted in Fig. 9 as belonging to rear adjustable-length portion 7.
[0039] Such arrangements (in which some pleat-panels are provided with adhesive bridges and some are not) can be achieved by periodically interrupting the flow of flowable adhesive at various locations along the length of the pleated media during the adhesive-deposition process. In some instances, intermediate arrangements and variations may be present depending on the particular manner in which the adhesive flow is stopped and / or is restarted. Thus for example, in some embodiments an adhesive strand can end at or very close to a pleat tip of a pleat-panel, as with exemplary parcel 87 in Fig. 6, which ends at lower pleat-tip 37 rather than extending along the forward face 36 of pleat-panel 34. In some embodiments, an adhesive strand may continue for some distance from a pleat tip before ending (e.g., tapering) . These are illustrated by exemplary parcel 86 that (in Fig. 8) extends along a short portion of a pleat-panel 78 before ending, and with exemplary parcel 86 that (in Fig. 9) extends along a (longer) portion of a pleat-panel 78 before ending. (It will be understood that the Figures herein are idealized representations and that in actuality, an elongate adhesive strand and the parcels thereof, may exhibit slight variations and irregularities arising from inevitable statistical variations in the adhesive-deposition process. )
[0040] A pleat-panel bearing adhesive strands that all end in this general manner, and / or that lacks any adhesive strand (s) that provide an adhesive bridge, will not be considered to be a constrained pleat-panel. Pleat-panel 34 of Fig. 6, and pleat-panels 78 of Figs. 8 and 9, are thus examples of unconstrained pleat-panels. As noted, an unconstrained pleat-panel will be part of an adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly rather than a part of a fixed-length portion. In the depicted embodiments, front adjustable-length portion 5 of Fig. 6 comprises two unconstrained pleat-panels (panels 31 and 34) , whereas the front adjustable-length portion 5 of Fig. 8, and the rear adjustable-length portion 7 of Fig. 9, each comprise eight unconstrained pleat-panels.
[0041] The presence or absence of adhesive bridging, and the particular character of the bridging, will be dictated e.g. by the amount of flowable adhesive that is deposited, the closeness to which the pleat-panels are moved toward each other after the adhesive is applied, and so on. In particular, whether the adhesive parcels substantially fill a pleat valley to form a bridge of the general type exemplified by item 83 in Fig. 8, or only partially fill the pleat valley to form a bridge of the general type exemplified by item 84 in Fig. 8, can be governed e.g. by interrupting the stream of flowable adhesive each time a valley floor (or, strictly speaking, what will become a valley floor in the final pleated filter assembly) is approached, and restoring the adhesive flow after the valley floor location has been passed. With flowable-adhesive-depositing equipment, the cutoff of the flow may not necessarily be instantaneous; thus, in some instances an adhesive parcel may taper in the general manner exhibited by parcels 86. Also, even in cases in which the opposing adhesive parcels collectively substantially fill a pleat valley, there may sometimes exist a visible notch where the parcels have not yet met each other, with the end of the notch being the location at which the bridging starts (e.g., location 79 as denoted in Fig. 8) .
[0042] Arrangements in which elongate strands of hardened adhesive provide adhesive bridges to constrain certain pleat-panels while leaving other pleat-panels unconstrained, encompass many variations. Some have to do with the presence / absence, and geometric form, of adhesive parcels in pleat-valleys, and have already been mentioned above (adhesive bridges that completely fill pleat-valleys, adhesive bridges that only partially fill pleat-valleys, no adhesive bridge is present in the pleat-valley, etc. ) . Other variations have to do with the presence / absence, and geometric form, of adhesive parcels in the neighborhood of pleat-tips. For example, in some embodiments, the adhesive-deposition process can be controlled so that flow of flowable adhesive continues, uninterrupted, at pleat-tip-to-be locations of the filter media, so that the resulting strands of hardened adhesive include parcels that extend, uninterrupted, over the pleat tips (exemplary pleat-tip-overlying parcels are identified by reference number 77 in Figs. 8 and 9. ) In some such embodiments, the adhesive strands may extend continuously, without interruption, along the entire length (in the Dec direction) of a fixed-length portion of pleated filter assembly 10.
[0043] In other embodiments, the flow of flowable adhesive may be interrupted at the location of each pleat-tip-to-be. In other words, the flowable adhesive may be dispensed intermittently so as to be deposited only at locations of the filter media that will become pleat-valleys; locations of the filter media that provide pleat tips will not bear any adhesive parcels thereon. In such embodiments, the resulting adhesive strand will not be continuous, but rather will take the form of discrete parcels that are present in pleat-valleys; the parcels do not integrally connect with each other but rather are separated from each other by pleat-tips. Each such parcel will still provide an adhesive bridge between opposing pleat-panels of a pleat valley, and such a set of parcels will nevertheless provide an elongate strand of hardened adhesive, as a special case in which the elongate strand is collectively provided by discrete parcels. In some embodiments, discrete parcels of this general type may resemble items 83 or 84 as denoted in Fig. 8, except not being connected to each other by pleat-tip-overlying parcels 77. In some such embodiments, discrete bridge-forming parcels may be provided only on one side of the pleated filter media (e.g., on the lower side) ; in other embodiments, discrete bridge-forming parcels may be provided on both sides of the pleated filter media.
[0044] In some embodiments, an elongate strand of hardened adhesive may be provided at a location that is proximate (e.g., with 5, 3 or 1 cm of) a corrugated edge 17 of the pleated filter media. In some such embodiments, the adhesive strand may serve at least to some degree as an edge seal 81 that at least generally, or substantially, blocks lower pleat valleys 26 so as to prevent unfiltered air from bypassing around the corrugated edges 17 of the air filter. (Generally blocking is defined as blocking, on average, at least 60 %of the pleat-valley area as viewed along the pleat direction; substantially blocking is defined as blocking, on average, at least 90 %of this area. ) Such arrangements may be most effective if the adhesive at least substantially blocks the lower pleat valleys as with exemplary item 83 of Fig. 8. However, the present investigations have found that if adhesive strands are only provided on a single side (e.g. the lower side 12) of a pleated filter media, the opposing-side (in this case, the upper side) pleat tips 23 can be distorted by the adhesive (e.g. they can bulge) if the pleat-valleys are at least substantially filled with adhesive. This being the case, in some presently preferred arrangements, the deposition of flowable adhesive is controlled so that the adhesive only partially fills the lower pleat valleys, so as to generally block them in the manner of exemplary item 84 as shown in Fig. 8. In other words, empty (adhesive-free) cavities will remain in the lower pleat valleys 26, of the general type represented by cavity 85 of Fig. 8. Such arrangements leave the upper pleat tips 23 substantially free from any distortion, while still providing at least some general blocking of the lower pleat valleys. As discussed later herein, such arrangements can provide satisfactory air filtration that is not unacceptably compromised by the fact that the lower pleat valleys may not be fully blocked by the adhesive strands. The term edge seal, as used herein, thus does not require complete or “hermetic” sealing of the pleat valleys.
[0045] In some embodiments, additional elongate adhesive strands may be provided e.g. in addition to elongate adhesive strands that provide edge seals 81 at first and second corrugated edges of the pleated filter assembly. Such adhesive strands may be e.g. provided in the interior of the assembly (i.e., between the edge seals) , and may be spaced along the pleat direction of the pleated filter assembly. While they may not necessarily provide any blocking or sealing function, they may nevertheless advantageously further stabilize and rigidify the fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly in which they reside. Any such elongate adhesive strand will be referred to herein as an interior adhesive dam; three such interior adhesive dams 82 are visible in Fig. 6. Further details of edge seals, interior adhesive dams, deposition of flowable adhesive to form such structures, and so on, can be found in U.S. provisional patent application 63 / 680372. The ‘372 provisional patent application, and any PCT applications and / or any directly-filed United States patent applications resulting therefrom, are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
[0046] As noted, in some embodiments length-fixing members 80 may be comprised of elongate strands of hardened adhesive. The term “adhesive” is used broadly to signify any material that can be deposited, e.g. as a bead, onto a major surface of pleated media 15 in a state (e.g., liquid, molten, softened, or semi-softened) in which the adhesive is sufficiently flowable that it can enter pleat valleys to satisfactorily perform the functions disclosed herein. Any suitable material may be used, including e.g. hot-melt adhesives, UV-cure adhesives, thermally-cured adhesives, moisture-cure adhesives, and so on. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be a hot-melt adhesive that is deposited through e.g. conventional hot-melt deposition methods (e.g. by use of a grid melter) , after which the adhesive is cooled to harden. The adhesive is not required to necessarily exhibit any pressure-sensitive adhesive functionality after being hardened; in other words, the “adhesive” may be a non-tacky, e.g. hard material after being hardened (e.g., when it has cooled to room temperature) . Thus in some embodiments, a suitable thermoplastic organic polymeric material (that can be transformed into a flowable state for deposition) can be used.
[0047] In at least some embodiments, the flowable adhesive may be deposited as a bead that extends along the Dec direction of the pleated media, e.g. by passing the media underneath an adhesive-deposition nozzle or by moving the adhesive-deposition nozzle along the media. In some embodiments, such nozzles may be independently controllable so that, e.g. an adhesive bead that forms an edge seal may be applied at a somewhat greater flowrate than an adhesive bead that forms an interior dam. As noted, in some embodiments, the adhesive may be applied while the pleated media is held in a first, relatively open pleating pattern (that is, with a fairly large pleat spacing) , with the pleated media then being compacted along its Dec direction to achieve the final (i.e. more tightly-spaced) pleating pattern, after which the adhesive is allowed to harden. Also as noted, in some embodiments, the flow of adhesive through some or all of the adhesive-deposition nozzles can be periodically interrupted, reduced, increased, etc., for various purposes as discussed herein. Aspects of this general type of adhesive deposition are discussed in U.S. Patent Application 18 / 780963, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. In some embodiments, a flowable adhesive (e.g. a molten hot-melt adhesive) may be deposited e.g. as a continuous layer on a transfer surface (e.g. a smooth, continuous surface of a roll or belt) and the pleated media (e.g. at its final pleat spacing) can be brought into close proximity with the transfer surface so as to transfer the adhesive layer to the pleat tips and to form adhesive bridges across at least upper portions (proximate the pleat tips) of the pleat valleys. Such approaches (often referred to as using “tip glue” ) are described e.g. in U.S. Patent 8419817.
[0048] Air filter 1 can be provided to an end-user with pleated filter assembly (and air filter 1 as a whole) in any suitable condition. In some embodiments, air filter 1 may be provided to an end user in a compacted condition, e.g. in a maximally-compacted condition in which the adjustable-length portion (s) are compacted to their minimum length. In other embodiments, an air filter 1 may be provided to an end-user in a compacted condition that is not necessarily a maximally-compacted condition. In still other embodiments, an air filter 1 may be provided to an end-user while not in a compacted condition; e.g., the adjustable-length portion (s) in an at-rest condition as discussed in detail later herein.
[0049] In many embodiments, an air filter 1 or multiple air filters 1 may be packaged in a suitable container e.g. for shipping, inventory, and sales. In some embodiments, such packaging may maintain the air filter in a compacted, e.g. maximally-compacted, condition. Any such container might be e.g. a shrink-wrap wrapper, a paper or chipboard wrapper, a bag, a box, and so on. Any such container may completely encompass air filter 1 on all sides; or, it may only partially encompass air filter 1, as long as it is able to hold air filter 1 in a desired (e.g. compacted) packaged condition. In any such embodiment, an end-user can remove the packaging (or, in general, any item that holds the air filter in a compacted condition) so that the air filter is ready for installation and use. In some embodiments, a kit may comprise multiple (e.g. two, three, four, or more) air filters 1 in a suitable container. In such a case, each individual air filter may or may not be individually wrapped.
[0050] Expansive biasing and at-rest condition
[0051] In some embodiments, the adjustable-length portion (s) of pleated filter assembly 10 may be expansively biased. By this is meant that if the adjustable-length portion is compacted from an at-rest condition (e.g. by an applied compressive force) , the adjustable-length portion will exhibit a readily observable tendency to expand (along the aforementioned expansion-compaction direction Dec) from the compacted condition back to the at-rest condition. By an at-rest condition is meant a condition that the adjustable-length portion will assume when not subjected to a compacting force or to an expanding force. (An adjustable-length portion can be configured at the factory to exhibit an at-rest condition that comprises a desired length, pleat spacing, pleat height, etc. ) An at-rest condition, and various geometric properties of the adjustable-length portion in the at-rest condition, can be evaluated by placing the air filter on a smooth, horizontal, planar, low-friction surface, e.g. a smooth tabletop such as varnished wood, polished metal, smooth marble, etc. (If necessary, an auxiliary layer of smooth-surfaced, low-friction material, e.g. a sheet of biaxially-oriented polypropylene or the like, may be placed on the horizontal surface. ) For any such evaluation, the air filter will be oriented so that the major side of the air filter that comprises the previously-mentioned length-fixing elements 80, will be the side of the air filter that is in contact with the smooth, horizontal planar surface. The adjustable-length portion (s) of the air filter can be allowed to expand to its / their at-rest condition (the air filter may be momentarily slightly lifted or jiggled to ensure that its expansion is not held back by friction) . Various properties of adjustable-length air filters and portions thereof (e.g., the length of an adjustable-length portion, the length of a fixed-length portion, the total length of the pleated filter assembly, and various ratios of such parameters) , can be similarly evaluated. All such evaluations will be performed on a smooth, horizontal, planar low-friction surface unless specifically noted. Also, the length of pleated filter assembly 10 and of an adjustable-length portion or a fixed-length portion thereof, will be measured based on the pleat-panels of the pleated filter assembly or portion. In other words, a separately-made item that is attached to the pleated filter assembly and that extends beyond an end-pleat panel of the pleated filter assembly, will not be included in such measurements.
[0052] Thus in some embodiments, an adjustable-length portion of a pleated filter assembly 10 will be expansively biased toward an expanded, at-rest condition so that in the absence of a compacting force applied to the pleated filter assembly to hold the adjustable-length portion in a compacted condition, the pleated filter assembly will assume the at-rest condition. In some embodiments, a biasing layer may be applied to the pleated filter media 15 in portions that are to serve as adjustable-length portions (and may be omitted in locations that are to serve as fixed-length portions) , to provide this property. Such a biasing layer may be, e.g. chosen from any of the arrangements disclosed in copending provisional patent application __ / ______, filed evendate with the present application and entitled AIR FILTER FOR EXTERNAL INSTALLATION ATOP AN AIR-HANDLING UNIT, attorney docket number PA102942US01. The PA102942US01 provisional patent application, and any PCT applications and / or any directly-filed United States patent applications resulting therefrom, are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In various embodiments, a biasing layer may take the form of a wire mesh made of a suitable metal (e.g. as described in the PA102942US01 provisional application) ; or, a biasing layer may be made of organic polymeric material. For example, a biasing layer might take the form of a polymeric netting, a nonwoven scrim, or the like, that is e.g. laminated to the filter media and then co-pleated with the filter media.
[0053] However, in some embodiments, an adjustable-length portion may be provided by a filter media that, when pleated, exhibits a suitable self-biasing toward expansion. That is, such filter media, unless equipped with (and constrained by) one or more length-fixing members 80, will, upon being compacted, exhibit an inherent tendency to expand to an at-rest state. Filter media that suitably exhibit such properties are described later herein; in many embodiments, such self-biasing filter media will not need, and will not have, any separately-made biasing layer attached thereto. A fixed-length portion, in contrast to an adjustable-length portion, will not exhibit the above-discussed adjustability. Rather, by virtue of the presence of the one or more length-fixing members 80, the fixed-length portion will at least generally exhibit a fixed length as discussed elsewhere herein. However, such a fixed-length portion will nevertheless be conformable, to ensure that air filter 1 can be conformed e.g. to a mini-split indoor air-handling unit housing 101 that is arcuate rather than substantially flat or planar.
[0054] With an air filter 1 configured as disclosed herein, an end-user can (e.g. after removing any wrapping or packaging) position the air filter 1 atop the upper portion 104 of housing 101 of indoor air-handling unit 100, so that the pleated filter assembly 10 is positioned generally atop the air inlet 102 of unit 100. The user can allow the adjustable-length portion (s) of the pleated filter assembly 10 to expand generally along the expansion-compaction direction Dec (which will correspond to the forward-rearward axis of air-handling unit 100 and of air filter 1) . Some expansion may have already occurred prior to the air filter being positioned atop unit 100; if so, any additional expansion can be allowed e.g. so that pleated filter assembly 10 assumes its at-rest state. Depending on the degree to which the adjustable-length portion (s) are self-biasing toward expansion, the user can assist the adjustable-length portion (s) to expand (rather than e.g. merely holding the air filter in a manner that allows the adjustable-length portion (s) to expand without any assistance) . If anything obstructs the expansion (e.g. if a lower pleat tip 25 of pleated filter assembly 10 snags on a strut of a lattice 106 that covers air inlet 102) , the air filter, or any specific portion thereof, may be momentarily lifted upward from housing 101 to allow the expansion to occur, after which the air filter can be lowered so that it rests atop housing 101 of unit 100. At this point, the user can e.g. verify that a rear, abutting tab 70 of rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly 10, is abutted against a surface that is rearward of a rear edge 112 of air inlet 102. (In many embodiments, a surface against which rear, abutting tab 70 abuts will be a surface of wall 200 on which air-handling unit 100 is mounted, e.g. a wall area 201 that is located just above the rearward end of upper portion 104 of housing 101 of unit 100, as indicated in Figs. 4 and 7. ) The end-user can detachably secure a front, securing tab 50 of forward end 13 of pleated filter assembly 10, to a chosen area of housing 101 of unit 100, to complete the installation process. In some embodiments, the securing of tab 50 of air filter 1 to housing 101 will occur at an area 110 of outside surface 107 of housing 101 as indicated in Figs. 1-4; e.g., an area that is generally forward and / or generally downward of the front edge 111 of air inlet 102. However, other modes of securing are possible, as discussed later herein. During all of the above operations, the fixed-length portion (s) of the pleated filter assembly will remain at least generally at their fixed length. In other words, generally all of the adjusting of the overall length of the air filter to fit atop a particular air-handling unit will occur by way of adjusting the length of the adjustable-length portion (s) of the pleated filter assembly of the air filter.
[0055] Many variations of the above general procedures are possible. For example, in some instances a user may have allowed air filter 1 to expand to its at-rest condition while (or before) the user positions the air filter above or atop unit 100. With the air filter in its expanded, at-rest condition and with the rearward end of the air filter being abutted (e.g. against wall 200) , front, securing tab 50 may be located somewhat forward of the area of housing 101 that it is desired to secure tab 50 to. In such a case, it may be necessary for the user to apply slight manual rearward (wallward) pressure to tab 50 and / or to at least a forward portion of pleated filter assembly 10 so that tab 50 is moved rearward (wallward) into the proper location to secure tab 50 to the chosen area of housing 101. Thus, in some instances, a user may manually compact air filter 1 from an at-rest condition during the installation process.
[0056] In another example, in some instances a user may maintain air filter 1 in a compacted condition (e.g., in the same state of compaction that the air filter was packaged in) as the user positions the air filter above or atop unit 100. With the air filter in a compacted condition and with the rearward end of the air filter being abutted (e.g. against wall 200) , front, securing tab 50 may be located somewhat rearward (wallward) of the area of housing 101 that it is desired to secure tab 50 to. In such a case, it may be necessary for the user to allow air filter 1 to expand (and / or to assist such expansion) so that tab 50 is moved forward (away from the wall) into the proper location to secure tab 50 to the chosen area of housing 101. Thus, in some instances (e.g. in which the user does not allow the air filter to expand to an at-rest condition before or during installation) the user may not necessarily perform any step of compacting air filter 1 during the installation.
[0057] In addition, the order of performing various operations can vary. For example, tab 50 may be secured to a chosen area of housing 101 as a first step, after which any expanding and / or compacting steps can be performed. Still further, once air filter 1 is in place atop unit 100 and tab 50 is secured to unit 100, a portion, or even the entirety, of pleated filter assembly 10 may be momentarily lifted off of unit 100 (e.g. by lightly holding the air filter by its corrugated edges 17) to ensure that air filter 1 is / has expanded such that its rearward end is properly abutted e.g. against wall 200. (If the positioning does not appear satisfactory, securing tab 50 may be temporarily detached from housing 101 of unit 100 and the air filter may be repositioned and securing tab 50 re-secured to housing 101. )
[0058] Regardless of the manner or order in which various steps of the installation process are carried out, in some embodiments air filter 1 as installed atop air-handling unit 100 will be in an at least slightly compacted condition so that air filter 1 is in a state of compression, as described in detail below. In many embodiments, air filter 1 will, at the very least, not be in a state of expansion (i.e., will not be in a stretched condition in which it is subjected to a tensile force) after being installed atop the air-handling unit.
[0059] The result of these installation operations will be an arrangement of the general type depicted in exemplary embodiment in Fig. 7 (noting that Fig. 7 depicts an exemplary arrangement in which air filter 1 comprises a single, central fixed-length portion 2, a front adjustable-length portion 5, and a rear adjustable-length portion 7) . Air filter 1 is now installed atop indoor air-handling unit 100 so that the pleated filter assembly 10 of air filter 1 is positioned generally atop the air inlet 102 of unit 100, so that a large proportion of the ambient air that is drawn into unit 100 through inlet 102 will pass through the filter media 15 of assembly 10 and be filtered thereby. (The upper side 11 of air filter 1 will thus be the “upstream” side upon which ambient air impinges; the lower side 12 of air filter 1 will be the “downstream” side through which filtered air exits air filter 1. )
[0060] In some embodiments, with air filter 1 so installed, air inlet 102 will be overlain by a fixed-length portion of air filter 1, e.g. by a central fixed-length portion 2, of the air filter. In other embodiments, air inlet 102 may be overlain in part by a fixed-length portion, and in part by an adjustable-length portion. For example, in the exemplary arrangement depicted in Fig. 7, the majority of air inlet 102 is overlain by central fixed-length portion 2, but a rear section of air inlet 102 is overlain by a small section of rear adjustable-length portion 7. It is emphasized that air filter 1, as installed atop a unit 100, remains in an unframed condition.
[0061] In at least some embodiments, pleated filter assembly 10 (in particular, adjustable-length portion (s) thereof) will be configured so that when assembly 10 is installed atop unit 100 as described above, it will exhibit an installed length (along the expansion-compaction direction Dec) that is less than the length of assembly 10 when it is in its at-rest condition. In other words, when air filter 1 is installed atop unit 100 in the general manner depicted in Fig. 7, pleated filter assembly 10 may be held in a state of compaction (by which is meant that the actual length of pleated filter assembly 10 as installed, is less than 95 %of its at-rest length) . Air filter 1 may be held in this compacted condition by way of the forward end 13 of assembly 10 being secured to unit 100 by front, securing tab 50, and by way of the rearward end 14 of assembly 10 being abutted against a surface (e.g. against area 201 of wall 200) . Air filter 1, when installed, may thus be maintained under a compressive force so that it remains at an installed length that is less than the at-rest length that the expansive-biasing of the adjustable-length portion (s) would otherwise cause the air filter to assume.
[0062] The advantages of the herein-disclosed arrangements are subtle but substantial. Such arrangements can achieve stable external installation of an air filter 1 atop an air-handling unit 100, without requiring the rearward end 14 of air filter 1 to be attached to anything (e.g., to an area 201 of wall 200 or to an area 120 of housing 101) . As evident from Figs. 4 and 7, it is common for indoor air-handling units 100 of mini-split air-conditioning systems to be installed high on a wall 200, e.g. as close as 10 or even 5 centimeters to the ceiling 300. Therefore, it can be difficult for an end-user to access the top-rear of such a unit 100. For example, it may be difficult to access an area 201 on wall 200 above the rear of unit 100 to an extent that allows the end-user to use tape, thumbtacks, or some other attachment mechanism to attach the rearward end of an air filter to the wall. The herein-disclosed arrangements avoid such difficulties by configuring pleated filter assembly 10 in a way that allows, without necessitating the aid of any frame or external mechanical device, the rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly 10 to be abutted against a surface that is rearward of the rear edge 112 of the air inlet 102 of an air-handling unit 100. This abutting of rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly 10 will cause the rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly to “self-seal” e.g. against area 201 of wall 200.
[0063] In short, the herein-disclosed arrangements eliminate any need to attach, bond, or otherwise connect any portion of an air filter 1 to any area of a wall that is rearward of an air inlet 102 of an indoor air-handling unit 100. Similarly, the herein-disclosed arrangements eliminate any need to attach any portion of an air filter 1 to any area 120 of housing 101 of unit 100 that is rearward of the air inlet 102 of the unit. Rather, the user can simply “flop” the air filter 1 atop the unit 100. All of the manipulations that may be needed in order to secure the air filter in place atop the unit 100, can occur toward the front (that is, the most easily accessible portion) of unit 100 and air filter 1. The most a user might need to do is, e.g., momentarily lift at least one or more portions of air filter 1 off of unit 100 (e.g., they can “jiggle” the air filter while holding it lightly by its corrugated edges) to induce the air filter to expand so that the rearward end 14 of the air filter is abutted in the manner described above.
[0064] It is further noted that the use of externally-installed air filters as disclosed herein can advantageously reduce the frequency with which an end-user needs to access the interior of an indoor air-handling unit 100 in order to clean an internal mesh screen of the indoor air-handling unit 100. That is, a large proportion of airborne debris and the like, that would otherwise accumulate on the internal mesh screen, will be intercepted by the externally-installed air filter before reaching the internal mesh screen.
[0065] The arrangements disclosed herein differ from conventional pleated air filters that do not comprise at least one fixed-length portion along with at least one adjustable-length portion. In many embodiments, the arrangements herein are also distinguished from conventional arrangements in which no portion of an air filter is maintained in a state of compression during use. In particular, the arrangements herein differ from those in which an air filter is held in a state of expansion, and tension, when in use; e.g., those in which a pleated air filter is stretched from an at-rest state to an in-use state, and is installed (e.g. with the front and rear ends of the air filter being attached to a housing of an air-handling unit) in such a way as to maintain the air filter in this stretched state during use. And, of course, the rear (wallward) end of any such stretchable air filter would have to be secured to something (e.g. to the wall above the rear of the air-handling unit, or to the rear of the air-handling unit itself) in order to maintain the air filter in this stretched-and-tensioned state. Such arrangements thus differ in fundamental aspects from the herein-disclosed arrangements.
[0066] An air filter 1 as disclosed herein can be expanded from a compacted condition (e.g. in which the air filter is packaged) to an expanded, in-use condition, along an expansion-compaction direction Dec. In many embodiments, the pleated air filter can expand / compact only along this direction and cannot expand or compact along a pleat direction DP that is perpendicular to the expansion-compaction direction Dec. In many embodiments, this expansion and compaction is fully reversible and repeatable so that air filter 1 can be repeatedly transitioned back and forth between an expanded, in-use condition and a compacted condition. The expansion will be facilitated by the one or more adjustable-length portions of the pleated filter media.
[0067] An adjustable-length portion of an air filter 1 may be characterized by way of a compaction ratio (expressed in %) , which is the ratio of the length (along the Dec direction) of the portion in a maximally-compacted condition, to its length in an expanded, at-rest condition. By a maximally-compacted condition is meant a condition in which the portion is compacted the maximum extent from which it can subsequently (when the compacting force is removed) expand substantially to an at-rest condition. (By substantially to an at-rest condition is meant within plus or minus 5 %. ) In some embodiments, when an adjustable-length portion is in a maximally-compacted condition, at least some nearest-neighbor pleat-panels (i.e., those that face each other across a pleat valley) of the adjustable-length portion may closely approach each other or even contact each other in some locations. In other words, an adjustable-length portion that is in a maximally-compacted condition may exhibit a very small pleat spacing such as e.g. 1.0 mm, 0.5 mm, or even 0.2 mm (the absolute minimum pleat-spacing will be limited by the thickness of the filter media itself) . By definition, an adjustable-length portion of air filter 1 will exhibit a compaction ratio of less than 50 %. In various embodiments, an adjustable-length portion of air filter 1 may exhibit a compaction ratio of from less than 30, 20, 15, 10 or 5 %. In further embodiments, an adjustable-length portion may exhibit a compaction ratio of at least 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16 %.
[0068] Air filter 1 is configured to be installed atop an indoor air-handling unit. However, the housings of such air handling units vary in slope, curvature, surface texture, and so on, and moreover may comprise struts, louvers, knobs, buttons, etc. on which pleat tips or other components of the air filter can snag. So, a compaction ratio and associated parameters as discussed below will be evaluated with the air filter on a smooth, horizontal, planar, low-friction surface, excepting any parameters that are specified as being measured for the air filter as installed atop an air-handling unit. All such parameters will be evaluated by measuring the positions of items (e.g. the ends of pleat-panels) that are on the side of the pleated filter assembly that bears the length-fixing members 80 (in many embodiments, this will be the lower side of the air filter) .
[0069] A fixed-length portion of an air filter 1 may be similarly characterized in terms of a compaction ratio. In many embodiments, the compactability (and expandability) of a fixed-length portion will be limited by the effects of the previously-described adhesive bridges that will physically block neighboring pleat-panels from moving closer to each other along the Dec direction. (The adhesive bridges may also prevent the neighboring pleat-panels from moving apart from each other. ) By definition, the compaction ratio of a fixed-length portion will be greater than 90 % (and will be greater than that of an adjustable-length portion) . In various embodiments, a fixed-length portion will exhibit a compaction ratio of at least 93, or 96 %. In some embodiments, a fixed-length portion may exhibit a compaction ratio of essentially 100 %, meaning that the length of the fixed-length portion remains essentially unchanged (i.e., within plus or minus 2 %) regardless of any compressive force applied to the fixed-length portion. (In some embodiments, the length of the fixed-length portion may similarly remain essentially unchanged regardless of whether or not any expansion force is applied to it. )
[0070] The overall compactibility of an air filter will be affected not only by the above-described compaction ratios, but also by how much of the total length of the air filter is occupied by fixed-length portion (s) versus occupied by adjustable-length portion (s) . The overall compactability of an air filter may be characterized by way of an adjustability parameter. This parameter is the ratio of the total length (along the Dec direction) of a pleated filter assembly 10 of an air filter 1 in an expanded, at-rest condition, to the total length of the pleated filter assembly as compacted (e.g. manually) in a maximally-compacted condition. As usual, these lengths are evaluated with the air filter on a smooth, horizontal, planar low-friction surface, measured using the ends of the frontmost and rearmost pleat-panels of the pleated filter assembly, and not encompassing any extra length provided by e.g. a front, securing tab that extends forwardly beyond a frontmost pleat-panel 31 in the manner of front, securing tabs 50 as depicted in Figs. 5 and 8. By way of a specific example, an air filter whose pleated filter assembly exhibits a total length of 25 cm when in an expanded, at-rest condition, and a total length of 15 cm when compacted to a maximally-compacted condition, will exhibit an adjustability parameter of 1.67. In various embodiments, an air filter may exhibit an adjustability parameter of from at least 1.05, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, or 1.4, to at most 2.0, 1.8 or 1.6 (dimensionless) .
[0071] An air filter 1 may be provided to an end-user (e.g. within packaging that maintains the air filter 1 in a chosen packaged condition) in a condition of any suitable length, e.g. in an overall at-rest condition, an overall compacted condition, or an overall maximally-compacted condition. (In many embodiments, these overall conditions of the air filter will reflect the particular state of the one or more adjustable-length portions of the air filter, since the length of the fixed-length portion may vary only a small amount with any compressing force. ) An air filter 1 may be configured to comprise an expanded, at-rest condition with any suitable length. In some embodiments, such a length can be chosen to ensure that with the forward end 13 of the air filter secured to the housing 101 of an air-handling unit 100 at a location forward of a front edge 111 of the unit’s air inlet 102 and with the rearward end 14 of the air filter abutted against a surface rearward of a rear edge 112 of the unit’s air inlet 102, the air filter is held under compression that causes the air filter to be in a compacted condition. In other words, in many embodiments the length of air filter 1 as installed atop an air inlet 102 may be less than the at-rest length of the air filter 1.
[0072] The at-rest length of air filter 1 can be chosen (and established at the factory) in view of the forward-rearward length of air inlets 102 of air-handling units 100. The forward-rearward length of air inlets 102 of indoor air-handling units 100 differs for different manufacturers and for mini-split air-conditioning systems of different cooling capacities. In general, many such air inlets 102 have a forward-rearward length of from approximately 18 to 25 cm, often in the range of approximately 20-22 cm. In order to be compatible with many such units 100, in various embodiments an air filter 1 may comprise an at-rest length of from at least 18, 20, 22 or 24 cm, to at most 30, 28, or 26 cm. (Such numbers will again be measured using the ends of the frontmost and rearmost pleat-panels. ) Similarly, an air filter 1 can be configured so as to exhibit an installed, in-use length that is at least slightly greater than the forward-rearward length of the majority of air inlets 102 of mini-split air-conditioning systems (e.g., that is greater than 21, 23 or 25 cm) , noting that whatever the absolute value of these numbers, the installed, in-use length will typically be less than the at-rest length. Such selections, along with the ability of the air filter to expand to a variety of lengths as disclosed herein, can allow such air filters to be “universal” fit rather than having to be supplied in a wide variety of sizes. In some embodiments, an air filter as disclosed herein may be cut (e.g. with scissors) by an end-user, e.g. in order to fit the air filter to a unit 100 that has an air inlet of a particularly short forward-rearward length.
[0073] An air filter 1 as disclosed herein may be characterized by way of an installed compaction ratio, which is the ratio of the actual length of the pleated filter assembly of the air filter as installed atop an air- handling unit, to the at-rest length of the pleated filter assembly of the air filter as measured in an at-rest condition on a smooth, horizontal, planar low-friction surface. Thus for example, an air filter whose pleated filter assembly exhibits an installed length of 22 cm and an at-rest length of 27 cm will have an installed compaction ratio of 81 %. In many embodiments, an air filter as disclosed herein will exhibit an installed compaction ratio that is less than 95 %. In various embodiments, an air filter 1 may exhibit an installed compaction ratio of less than 90, 80, or 70 %. In further embodiments, an air filter 1 may exhibit an installed compaction ratio of greater than 20, 40, or 60 %.
[0074] Pleated filter assembly 10 will comprise a length along the expansion-compaction direction Dec, and a width along the pleat direction Dp, that are considerably greater than the local thickness of the pleated filter assembly 10 air filter and its filter media 15. Herein, the term “width” is used for the dimension of pleated filter assembly 10 along the pleat direction Dp; the term “length” is used for the dimension of pleated filter assembly 10 along its expansion-compaction direction Dec. These terms are used purely for convenience of description; the “length” of pleated filter assembly 10 need not necessarily be greater than its “width” . In fact, the air inlet 102 of an indoor air-handling unit 100 of a mini-split air-conditioning system often has a lateral “width” that is much greater than its forward-rearward “length” . To be configured for installation atop such an air inlet, a pleated filter assembly 10 (and air filter 1 as a whole) will often have a “width” that is greater than its “length” . In various embodiments, an air filter 1 as disclosed herein may exhibit a “width” / “length” aspect ratio (when in an at-rest, expanded condition) of from 1.5: 1 to 5: 1.
[0075] In some embodiments, the “width” of air filter 1 (along the pleat direction Dp) can be chosen so that air filter 1 is wide enough to cover the entire width of an air inlet 102 of most indoor-air-handling units 100 from various manufacturers. In some embodiments, air filter 1 will have sufficient width that the corrugated edges 17 of air filter 1 are positioned at least a few (e.g. 2-5) cm beyond the lateral edges of the air inlet 102, e.g. in order to minimize any air that bypasses the corrugated edges 17 as discussed later herein. In some instances, e.g. for an air-handling unit that has an air inlet 102 that is rather narrow in lateral width, significant sections (e.g., 5-10 cm or even more) of the corrugated edge portions of the air filter may extend beyond the lateral edges of the air inlet, so that these edge sections of the air filter overlap areas of the housing 101 that laterally bracket the air inlet. Such arrangements do not have deleterious effects; in fact they may further reduce any bypassing of air around the corrugated edges of the air filter, and / or the extended edge portions may serve as dust covers that minimize the extent to which the overlapped areas of the housing become dusty. Such arrangements are thus encompassed within the disclosures herein. In various embodiments, an air filter 1 may have a width, along the pleat direction Dp, of at least 30, 50, 70, 90, or 110 cm. In some embodiments, two air filters 1 may be laterally (side-to-side) abutted i.e. with a corrugated edge of one of the air filters being abutted against a corrugated edge of the other air filter, so that the two air filters combine to cover the entire width of the air inlet. Such arrangements may be used e.g. with an air-handling unit that has an air inlet 102 that is extremely wide.
[0076] Air filter 1 and pleated filter assembly 10 thereof will comprise first and second opposing ends 13 and 14, which are termed “primary” ends as noted earlier. First end 13 is a forward end and will comprise a front, securing tab 50 as discussed in detail later herein. Second end 14 is a rearward end and will comprise a rear, abutting tab 70 also as discussed in detail later herein. Air filter 1 and pleated filter assembly 10 thereof will also comprise first and second opposing, corrugated edges 17, which are termed “secondary” opposing edges.
[0077] The various portions (e.g. a fixed-length portion and an adjustable-length portion) of pleated filter assembly 10 will exhibit a pleat height, a pleat spacing, and a pleat distance, all as will be well understood by artisans in the field. These parameters are described in detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2023 / 0372854 (and are indicated in Fig. 5 thereof) , which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The pleat distance is the distance along an individual pleat-panel from fold line to fold line (e.g. from an upper pleat tip 23 to a lower pleat tip 25) and is established when the individual pleat-panels are defined (e.g. by imparting fold lines into filter media 15 by scoring) and will not change thereafter. In many embodiments, the pleat distance of the adjustable-length portion will be the same as that of the fixed-length portion. However, the pleat height, and in particular the pleat spacing (i.e. the distance, along the Dec direction, between successive same-side pleat tips) of an adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly will vary depending on the degree to which the pleated filter assembly 10 is expanded or compacted. (All such parameters of an adjustable-length portion will be understood to be measured with the pleated filter assembly in an at-rest, expanded condition, unless otherwise indicated. ) In some embodiments, the at-rest pleat spacing of an adjustable-length portion will be greater than the pleat spacing of a fixed-length portion. For example, a fixed-length portion may be constrained by length-fixing members, in an arrangement with a rather small pleat spacing in comparison to the pleat spacing that the unconstrained filter media is able to achieve in the absence of the length-fixing members.
[0078] In further detail, the previously-described length-fixing members may hold the fixed-length portion in a configuration (e.g., at a pleat spacing) that is at least generally, substantially or essentially constant, regardless of any compacting force (or expanding force) that the fixed-length portion is subjected to. In various embodiments, a fixed-length portion may exhibit an at least generally constant (time-invariant) pleat spacing of from at least 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 mm, to at most 14, 11, or 7.0 mm. In various embodiments, a fixed-length portion may exhibit a pleat height (which, again, may remain at least generally constant regardless of any compacting force) of from at least 20, 30 or 40 mm, to at most 90, 70 or 50 mm.
[0079] An air filter 1, when installed atop an air-handling unit 100 as disclosed herein, may exhibit at least some asymmetry in pleat spacing. For example, in some embodiments the pleats of a fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly may exhibit a pleat spacing that is different from that of the pleats of an adjustable-length portion. The exact difference may depend on the nature of the installation; in particular, it may depend on the particular length that the adjustable-length portion (s) of the pleated filter assembly needs to be adjusted to in order for the pleated filter assembly to suitably overlie the air inlet of the air-handling unit. For example, if the top of the air-handling unit has a rather large forward-rearward space to be filled, the adjustable-length portion of the air filter may be allowed to assume expand to a length in which it exhibits a wide pleat spacing, e.g. significantly wider than the pleat spacing of the fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly. Or, if the top of the air-handling unit has a rather small forward-rearward space to be filled, the adjustable-length portion of the air filter may be compacted to a length in which it exhibits a pleat spacing that is approximately equal to, or is smaller than, the pleat spacing of the fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly.
[0080] If multiple adjustable-length portions are present, the adjustable-length portions need not necessarily exhibit the same pleat spacing. Also, in some instances, some pleat-spacing asymmetry may be apparent within an individual adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly. That is, in some instances, pleats that are closest to an applied compressive force (i.e., pleats at or near the rearward end of a rear adjustable-length portion 7 of pleated filter assembly 10) may tend to assume a closer pleat spacing, whereas pleats that are the most distant from the applied compressive force (i.e., pleats at or near the forward end of the rear adjustable-length portion 7) may tend to assume a somewhat wider pleat spacing. It is thus emphasized that any such self-biasing of a pleated filter media toward an expanded, at-rest configuration, will not necessarily cause the pleats of an installed air filter 1 to be held at a uniform in-use pleat spacing. This being the case, any such biasing tendency cannot be equated with the use of a conventional pleat-stabilizing layer that serves to hold pleats at an in-use pleat spacing that is uniform along the length of a pleated filter assembly.
[0081] Filter media 15 of air filter 1 may have any suitable composition. In some embodiments, filter media may be, or include, a nonwoven material such as e.g. a meltspun / spunbonded nonwoven web or a meltblown nonwoven web. In some embodiments, filter media may comprise fiberglass fibers. In some embodiments, the filter media may be configured to perform air filtration so as to remove particulates from a stream of moving air. Nonwoven webs which may be used as, or as a layer, of, air filter media can be a high loft spunbond web, such as described, for example, in U.S. Patent 8162153. In some embodiments, the filter media can include, a low loft spunbond web, such as those described in U.S. Patent 7947142. In some embodiments, the filter media 15 is not electrostatically charged. In other embodiments, an electrostatic charge is optionally imparted into or on to material (s) of the filter media. Thus, the filter media can be an electret nonwoven web. Electric charge can be imparted to the filter media in a variety of ways as is well known in the art, for example by hydrocharging, corona charging, etc. (e.g. as described in U.S. Patent 7947142) . In some embodiments, an electret web may be a tribocharged web that comprises electrostatically charged staple fibers. In many embodiments, electret filter media of the general type in air filters available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN, under the trade designation FILTRETE MPR 700 Dust, Pollen &Pet Dander Reduction, may be satisfactory. In some embodiments, the filter media may include one or more adsorbent and / or chemically reactive materials (e.g. particulate adsorbent materials such as activated carbon) configured to remove nuisance odors, volatile organic chemicals, and the like.
[0082] In some embodiments, filter media 15 may include any suitable filtration layer (e.g. an electret nonwoven web) picked without regard to its physical properties (in particular, stiffness and resilience) , along with at least one layer that imparts the desired physical properties. For example, in some embodiments such a layer may be a stiffening layer that does not contribute (or contributes very little) to the filtration that is achieved. However, in some embodiments, a filter media may be chosen that exhibits suitable physical properties without requiring the presence of, e.g. a stiffening layer. Suitable filter media that may be used in such a single-layer, stand-alone configuration include e.g. the general type of nonwoven fibrous materials disclosed in U.S. Patent 7947142 and the general type of nonwoven fibrous materials disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2016 / 0206984, both of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein. Such materials may be e.g. self-biasing toward an expanded, at-rest condition without requiring the assistance of, e.g., a stiffening layer, a wire mesh, etc.
[0083] Filter media 15 (whether e.g. single-layer or multi-layer) will exhibit the ability to be pleated; and, once pleated, it will exhibit an ability to be length-adjusted along the Dec direction if not constrained by a length-fixing member. In other words, it will be length-adjustable as-made. In some embodiments, such a filter media may be self-biasing in the general manner discussed herein. In various embodiments, filter media 15 may exhibit any suitable stiffness. Stiffness of filter media 15 (in the absence of any length-fixing member 80) can be characterized by way of a Gurley stiffness, measured according to the apparatus and procedures described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2022 / 0266180, which is incorporated by reference herein for this purpose. In some embodiments, filter media 15 may comprise sufficient stiffness to impart filter media 15 with sufficient resiliency to exhibit a tendency to unfold along the fold lines of the pleated filter media; in other words, to be self-biased toward expansion as discussed elsewhere herein. In various embodiments, filter media 15 may exhibit a Gurley stiffness of less than 1500, 1000, 600, 400, or 200 mg. In some embodiments, the filter media may exhibit a Gurley stiffness of at least 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, or 150 mg.
[0084] Pleats can be formed in filter media 15 in any suitable manner. Such pleating may use any of various methods and apparatus as are well known in the art, for example those described in U.S. Patents 6740137 and 7622063. In particular embodiments, the pleats may be formed using a rotary pleater or a folding blade style pleater. In some embodiments, a post-pleating process may be performed (e.g., a pleated filter assembly may be held in a suitable fixture at a desired, e.g. highly compacted, pleat spacing) to augment or further adjust the at-rest length and pleat-spacing of the pleated filter assembly, in order to set these parameters to appropriate ranges. In some embodiments, the pleating may be performed so that the thus-formed pleats exhibit upper pleat tips 23 and lower pleat tips 25 that are relatively sharp, e.g. so that the pleat tips exhibit an average radius of curvature (measured on the inside of each pleat tip) of less than 4, 3, 2, 1.0, or 0.5 mm.
[0085] Front, securing tab
[0086] As noted, a front, securing tab 50 of air filter 1 can be detachably secured to an outside surface 107 of housing 101 of indoor air-handling unit 100, in order to install, and maintain, air filter 1 in position atop unit 100. A front, securing tab 50 can be provided in a variety of ways. However provided, in some embodiments a front, securing tab 50 may comprise a lower major surface 51 to which is attached a detachable securing mechanism 52 that is configured to be detachably secured to housing 101.
[0087] In some embodiments, such a detachable securing mechanism may take the form of an elongate strip of double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive. One face of the double-faced adhesive is attached (e.g. at the factory) to lower major surface 51 of securing tab 50. The other face may be used (e.g. after removal of a factory-installed release liner) to bond the adhesive, and thus tab 50, to outside surface 107 of housing 101 of unit 100. In some embodiments, such double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive may be removable, e.g. it may comprise a stretch-releasable adhesive of the general type described e.g. in U.S. Patents 4024312, 5516581, and 7824753. In some particular embodiments, such a double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive may be repositionable (in addition to being removable) . Repositionable adhesive compositions are disclosed e.g. in U.S Patents 4166152, 4495318, 5045569, and 5571617. In some embodiments, a double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive may be configured to exhibit differential adhesion, with higher adhesion to securing tab 50 of air filter 1 and with lower adhesion to outside surface 107 of housing 101. (Such products include those of the general type available from 3M Company under the trade designation 3M REMOVABLE REPOSITIONABLE DOUBLE COATED TAPE 9425. ) This can provide that when an air filter 1 is removed for replacement, the adhesive is removed along with the air filter. With some such adhesives, the lower-adhesion (removable) adhesive may be repositionable (as with 3M Tape 9425) , thus allowing the securing tab to be detached from an initially-adhesively-bonded position on housing 101, moved to a more-suitable position, and reattached to the housing at that position.
[0088] In some embodiments, front, securing tab 50 of air filter 1 may comprise a detachable securing mechanism 52 that operates in combination with a securing structure 90. By a securing structure is meant an item that is provided separately from front, securing tab 50, and is detachably attachable to outside surface 107 of housing 101 of unit 100. A detachable securing mechanism 52 of front, securing tab 50 can then be detachably attached to securing structure 90. Exemplary securing structures 90 are depicted generic representation in Figs. 1-3. In some embodiments, such an arrangement may use a detachable securing mechanism 52 that comprises a mechanical area-fastener, and that operates in combination with a securing structure 90 that comprises a securing element 91 in the form of a complementary mechanical area-fastener to which the mechanical area-fastener of detachable securing mechanism 52 can detachably fasten. By a mechanical area-fastener is meant a fastener that comprises a relatively large area (e.g., of at least 100 square mm) ; a mechanical area-fastener is distinguished from mechanical point-fasteners such as staples, pins, thumbtacks, and so on.
[0089] A prototypical mechanical area-fastener is a hook-and-loop fastener. Thus in some embodiments, a securing structure 90 may comprise a securing element 91 in the form of a hook layer that is backed by a pressure-sensitive adhesive (indicated generally by reference number 92) so that the hook layer can be adhesively attached to surface 107 of housing 101. (Auser can thus install securing structure 90 at a desired location on housing 101 of unit 100, as a preliminary step before securing air filter 1 on unit 100. ) Front, securing tab 50 of air filter 1 can in turn comprise a securing mechanism 52 in the form of a loop layer that is attached (e.g. by way of being adhesive-backed, or by ultrasonic bonding, stitching, etc. ) to securing tab 50.With such an arrangement, air filter 1 can be positioned as desired and the loop layer of securing mechanism 52 can be firmly pushed onto the hook layer of securing structure 90, to perform the desired securing.
[0090] In some embodiments, the above exemplary arrangement can be reversed, so that securing structure 90 comprises a securing element in the form of a loop layer, with securing mechanism 52 of air filter 1 correspondingly comprising a hook layer. In still further variations, multiple, individual patches of securing mechanism 52 may be provided on securing tab 50, and / or multiple, individual patches of securing structure 90 may be mounted on housing 101 of unit 100. In still other variations, some other type of mechanical area-fastener (not a hook and loop) may be used. In some embodiments, such a mechanical area-fastener may take the form of a pair of strips comprising pins or posts with enlarged (e.g. generally mushroom-shaped) heads that can reversibly interlock so that the strips can be mated together and detached from each other multiple times. Any such mechanical area-fastener of this general type will be referred to herein as an interlocking mechanical area-fastener (Each such strip may have e.g. a pressure-sensitive adhesive so that the strip can be attached to housing 101 of unit 100; and / or, it may be configured to be attached to a front, securing tab 50 by any suitable method. ) Interlocking mechanical area-fasteners of this general type are exemplified by the products available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN, under the trade designation DUAL-LOCK. Other potentially useful mechanical area-fasteners are disclosed in U.S. Patents 4875259, 5201101, 5344177, 5360270, and 6223401.
[0091] In some embodiments, a front end pleat-panel 31 (e.g., a frontmost pleat-panel) of pleated filter assembly 10 may be configured to serve as a front, securing tab 50. For example, a strip of double-faced adhesive may be attached to a major face of front end pleat-panel 31; or, a strip of mechanical area-fastener may be attached thereto. In some embodiments, the front end pleat-panel 31 may be stiffened or reinforced (e.g. it may be impregnated with a liquid resin that is then solidified; or, a piece of sheetlike reinforcing material may be laminated or otherwise attached thereto) to facilitate such arrangements. In some such embodiments, filter media 15 itself (in front end pleat-panel 31) may be able to serve as a loop layer of a securing mechanism 52, if filter media 15 is of a fibrous nature that facilitates such an arrangement. In such a case, an added loop layer on front end pleat-panel 31 may not be needed. In some embodiments, a front end pleat-panel 31 that serves as a front, securing tab 50, may be a front end pleat-panel of a fixed-length portion of a pleated filter assembly (e.g., a pleated assembly whose only adjustable-length portion is a rear adjustable-length portion) . However, in some embodiments, it may be desired that a front end pleat-panel 31 that serves as a securing tab 50, be a frontmost pleat-panel of a front adjustable-length portion, so that the end-user has much more freedom to manipulate the front adjustable-length portion, e.g. the frontmost pleat-panel in particular, so as to be able secure the tab to an air-handling unit comprising any particular shape, size, and so on. Thus in many embodiments, a front end pleat-panel 31 that serves as a front, securing tab 50 (or, to which a separate item is attached to form a front, securing tab 50) will be a frontmost pleat-panel of a front adjustable-length portion 5 of the pleated filter assembly 10.
[0092] In some embodiments, a separately-made entity may be attached to at least one front end pleat-panel (e.g. a frontmost pleat-panel 31) with the separately-made entity serving as, or otherwise providing, the front, securing tab 50. Such an arrangement is shown in generic representation in Fig. 5. In the depicted arrangement, securing tab 50 is formed from a piece 53 of sheetlike securing material (which may be e.g. chipboard, plastic, etc., of a suitable thickness and dimensions) that has a first segment 54 that is attached to a major face (in the depicted case, to an outward / front face) of front end pleat-panel 31. Segment 54 may be attached to pleat-panel 31 in any desired manner, e.g. by a pressure-sensitive adhesive, by a hot-melt adhesive, by a water-based adhesive (e.g. a water-based polyvinyl-acetate adhesive of the type commonly referred to as “white glue” ) , by ultrasonic bonding, by one or more mechanical fasteners such as staples, and so on. Piece 53 further comprises a second segment 55 that provides front, securing tab 50. In the depicted arrangement, second segment 55 is directly connected to first segment 54; in fact, second segment 55 integrally extends from an end of first segment 54. However, in some cases, a second segment 55 that provides a securing tab 50 may be indirectly connected to a first segment 54 that is attached to front end pleat-panel.
[0093] A lower major surface 51 of second segment 55 may have a detachable securing mechanism 52 (e.g., a layer of double-faced adhesive 65, a hook layer, a loop layer, an interlocking mechanical area-fastener, etc. ) attached thereto in similar manner as described above. Any such securing mechanism 52 may be secured directly to housing 101 of unit 100 (e.g. if the securing mechanism comprises a double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive) ; or, may be secured to a securing structure 90 that is in turn detachably secured to housing 101 of unit 100 in the general manner outlined above.
[0094] A front, securing tab 50 may have any suitable dimensions. In particular, the dimension of such a tab 50 along the expansion-contraction direction Dec (with tab 50 oriented as in Fig. 5) may range from e.g. 1 or 2 cm, to 8, 6, 4 or 3 cm. This dimension of tab 50 may also be characterized in terms of the ratio of this dimension to the previously-described pleat distance. In various embodiments, a front, securing tab 50 may have such a dimension that ranges from 20, 40, 60, or 80 %of the pleat distance, to at most 300, 200, or 100 %of the pleat distance.
[0095] In some embodiments, front, securing tab 50, in whatever form it is provided, may be pivotably movable relative to front end pleat-panel 31 through an arc of partial rotation (indicated by double-headed arrow 58 in Fig. 5) , about a pivot axis that is parallel to the pleat direction Dp of the pleated filter assembly 10.In various embodiments, tab 50 may be able to pivot through an arc of partial rotation of at least 40, 80, 120, or 160 degrees. Such arrangements can provide that tab 50 can be manipulated (pivoted) into an orientation that allows securing mechanism 52 to be brought into contact with securing structure 90 that is on housing 101 (or, brought into direct contact with outside surface 107 of housing 101) , regardless of the particular geometric orientation of the area of housing 101 that securing mechanism 52 is to be secured to. (In some embodiments, tab 50 may be able to rotate through an arc of partial rotation of 180 degrees; such arrangements may allow tab 50 to be folded flush against end pleat-panel 31, thus allowing air filter 1 to be compressed into a very compact form e.g. for packaging. )
[0096] Such arrangements can enhance the ability of air filter 1 to be installed on a variety of indoor air-handling units 100. As evident from Figs. 1-4, indoor air-handling units 100 as available from various manufacturers can exhibit a variety of shapes and profiles. For example, housing 101 of unit 100 as shown in Fig. 1 exhibits a somewhat rounded upper portion 104 that smoothly curves into front portion 105 of housing 101. In contrast, with units 100 of the general type shown in Figs. 3 and 4, upper portion 104 is rather flat and transitions to front portion 105 by way of a sharp corner. Unit 100 as depicted in Fig. 2 is intermediate between these two designs.
[0097] Such variations being the norm, the location 110 of housing 101 that is most suitable for mounting securing structure 90 thereon (or, for directly attaching securing mechanism 52 thereto) may vary with different air-handling units 100. For example, in some embodiments, an optimum location 110 may be on an upper portion 104 of housing 101, directly in front of the front edge 111 of air inlet 102, as in the exemplary depictions of Figs. 3, 4 and 7. In other embodiments, an optimum location 110 may be toward the top of front portion 105 of housing 101, as in the exemplary depiction of Fig. 2. In other embodiments, an optimum location 110 may be intermediate between these two, as in the exemplary depiction of Fig. 1. Providing securing tab 50 with the ability to pivot as described above and as generically illustrated in Fig. 5, can allow securing tab 50 to be closely abutted against a desired mounting location 110, regardless of the particular orientation and location of the desired mounting location 110 (as dictated by the shape and configuration of the housing 101 of the air-handling unit 100) . Such pivotability may be achieved e.g. by providing a fold line 59 e.g. at the junction of segments 54 and 55, as enabled e.g. by cut-scoring, crease-scoring, perforation, etc., or by any combination thereof. In some embodiments, such a fold line 59 may be a fully formed fold line that allows segment 55 to easily pivot (bodily, as a whole) relative to segment 54.
[0098] In a variation of such approaches, in some embodiments a front, securing tab 50 may be provided in a particular angular orientation, and may be relatively stable in that orientation (e.g., it cannot be pivoted away from that orientation by a small amount of force) , but may be manipulable if subjected to a larger amount of force, in order to render tab 50 pivotable if needed in certain instances. Thus for example, an air filter 1 may be configured so that front, securing tab 50 (as provided by segment 55 of piece 53) extends generally in the same plane as an end pleat-panel 31 from which tab 50 extends. When air filter 1 is installed atop an air-handling unit, tab 50 may be already suitably positioned and oriented (e.g., extending generally downward) to bond to a desired mounting location 110 of the type shown in Fig. 2.
[0099] Piece 53 may include a line of weakness e.g. between first and second segments 54 and 55. Rather than being a fully-formed fold line, such a line of weakness (as provided e.g. by partial scoring, by widely spaced perforations, etc. ) can provide an incipient fold line, so that an end-user can grasp segment 55 and apply sufficient force to pivot segment 55 (bodily, as a whole) relative to segment 54. This will “break” (but not fully sever) the existing connections along the line of weakness to transform the line of weakness into a fully-formed fold line 59. With a fully-formed fold line having thus been established, segment 55 may now be pivoted to any desired angular configuration, e.g. to a configuration as shown in Fig. 5. Segment 55 is now positioned so that when air filter 1 is installed atop an air-handling unit, segment 55 is suitably oriented (e.g. extending generally horizontally) to bond to a desired mounting location 110 of the type shown in Fig. 3. Or, segment 55 may be pivoted to an intermediate configuration in which it is suitably positioned and oriented to bond to a desired mounting location 110 of the type shown in Fig. 1.
[0100] The above discussions illustrate a variety of forms that a front, securing tab 50 can take and the variety of ways in which such a tab can be secured to an air-handling unit 100. In still other variations, a front, securing tab 50 may comprise a detachable securing mechanism 52 in the form of one or more flexible securing members (e.g., in the form of elongate ribbons) . Noting that air-handling units 100 of mini-split air-conditioners typically have a front cover that is openable (e.g., is hingedly openable or is separable from the rest of housing 101) , such a flexible securing member can be tucked into an interior space within housing 101 that is revealed when the front cover is opened or removed. The front cover can then be closed, thus pinning the securing member between a portion of the front cover and an adjoining portion of the housing. It is noted that such arrangements do not necessarily require the presence of, e.g., adhesive tape or a mechanical area-fastener.
[0101] In some embodiments, a front, securing tab 50 may comprise a detachable securing mechanism in the form of one or more (e.g. two, three, four, or more) rigid securing members. In some embodiments, each such rigid securing member may take the general form of an elongate member that extends from a panel, tab or segment thereof (e.g., segment 54 as shown in Fig. 10) that is mounted on end pleat-panel 31. (An exemplary rigid securing member 93 is depicted in generic representation in Fig. 10. ) Any such elongate members may be factory-installed; e.g. they may each extend integrally from segment 54. Or, each may be a separate piece of e.g. chipboard that is factory-attached to segment 54 (e.g. by staples, adhesive bonding, ultrasonic welding, etc. ) . In some embodiments, such elongate members may be provided to an end-user (e.g. as part of a kit) e.g. for optional attachment to tab 50 if desired. However provided, one or more of any such securing members 93 may be tucked (e.g. generally downward) into an air inlet 102 of an air-handling unit 100, e.g. at a location just inside the front edge 111 of the air inlet 102. One or more such members will thus be in a securing position in which the member is abutted against front edge 111 of air inlet 102, and can serve to hold the forward end 13 of air filter 1 in place at its proper location. Such arrangements may not require the presence of an adhesive or a mechanical area-fastener (although any such securing member 93 may be equipped with such if desired) .
[0102] A potential issue with such an approach is that a rigid securing member may impinge on a strut of a previously-mentioned lattice 106 that covers air inlet 102, thus preventing the securing member from entering air inlet 102 in the desired manner. Any such issue may be mitigated e.g. by providing several (e.g., two, three, four, or more) rigid securing members. Any rigid securing member that happens to be positioned so that it impinges on a strut, can be moved out of the way (e.g. it can be positioned so that it generally overlies air inlet 102 and / or a portion of housing 101 close to air inlet 102 rather then extending into air inlet 102) , can be folded or bent out of the way, or can be torn off. (All such operations are encompassed by the generic terminology of a rigid securing member being “deflected” so as to not enter air inlet 102. ) As long as a sufficient number (e.g., one, two, three or more) of rigid securing members are able to be placed in securing positions within air inlet 102, the non-use or removal of other rigid securing members will be of no consequence. Of course, in some instances it may be possible to simply laterally slide air filter 1 a small amount to the right or left, so as to move a strut-blocked rigid securing member away from the blocking strut, without bringing any other rigid securing member into a strut-blocked position. Once again, such arrangements do not necessarily require the presence of, e.g., adhesive tape or a mechanical area-fastener.
[0103] Any such arrangement of flexible and / or rigid securing members may be used instead of, or as an adjunct to, any of the previously-discussed arrangements. For example, a front, securing tab 50 may have a detachable securing mechanism in the form of a double-faced adhesive and / or a mechanical area-fastener, and may additionally have one or more flexible and / or rigid securing members that can be optionally used if the housing and front cover of the air-handling unit are configured in a way that allows such securing members to be used.
[0104] Filter life indicator
[0105] In embodiments in which a piece of sheetlike securing material 53 that is used to provide a securing tab 50, has a segment 54 that is attached to a major face of front end pleat-panel 31 in the general manner depicted in Fig. 10 (or, in which a piece of such material is attached to front end pleat-panel 31 to reinforce it for use as a securing tab 50) , further arrangements can be advantageously used. For example, one or more through-holes 56 may be provided in segment 54, through which an area 16 of filter media 15 of front end pleat-panel 31 is exposed as evident in Fig. 10. Any such exposed area 16 of filter media 15 can serve as a filter life indicator. That is, as air filter 1 remains in place atop unit 100, filtering ambient air, filter media 15 will gradually darken (e.g., it will change from a generally white or off-white appearance to a dark grey appearance due to the accumulation of particles) . Since the indoor air-handling units 100 of mini-split air-conditioners are typically mounted high on a wall (indeed, very close to the ceiling as noted earlier) , this change in the color of filter media 15 may not be easily apparent unless the user e.g. climbs a ladder or stepstool. The exception to this is area 16, which, being at the very front of air filter 1, may be easily visible without the necessity of e.g. climbing a ladder. The gradual discoloration of area (s) 16 e.g. over weeks to a few months, can thus serve as an easily-visually-ascertainable indication of the remaining useful life of air filter 1.
[0106] To enhance such arrangements, in some embodiments the front face of (at least) segment 54 of securing tab 50 may be generally white or off-white in appearance, e.g. by way of at least one major surface of piece 53 (of which segment 54 is a portion) being rendered white or off-white in appearance. This can be done e.g. by coating the appropriate major surface (or both major surfaces) of piece 53 with a white-pigmented coating (e.g., comprising titanium dioxide, barium sulphate, kaolin clay, or like materials) . In some embodiments, this may be achieved by way of piece 53 being a sheetlike piece of chipboard (paperboard) of the general type known as solid bleached board (SBB) , solid bleached sulphate (SBS) , solid unbleached sulfate (SUS) , or clay-coated recycled board (CRB) ; such chipboard materials can typically be obtained with a white surface layer (e.g. a coating) on one or both major surfaces thereof. In further embodiments, a color-scale can be provided on the front face of segment 54, e.g. with reference areas ranging from off white to light gray to dark gray, indicative of various states of the air filter. Even if a filter life indicator of the above-described type is not included in air filter 1, in some embodiments it still may be desired to use coated materials of this general type for front, securing tab 50, e.g. for cosmetic or aesthetic reasons. For example, in some embodiments, it may be desirable that the front face (and in general, any visible faces) of securing tab 50 be colored white or off-white, since the housings of many air-handling units 100 are of such a color.
[0107] With reference to Figs. 8 and 10, in order for an above-described arrangement to most effectively provide an indication of the filter condition, the air that passes through area 16 of filter media 15 after flowing through through-hole 56 of segment 54, should enter a lower pleat valley 26 rather than an upper pleat valley 24. Specifically, such air should enter a frontmost lower pleat valley 35 as denoted in Figs. 8 and 10. Thus in some embodiments, a front end pleat-panel 31 that comprises such an arrangement will have a terminus 32 that is a lower terminus, with an upper end of front end pleat-panel 31 being integrally connected to front penultimate pleat-panel 34 at an upper pleat tip 33, both as shown in Figs. 8 and 10. If arrangements are used in which, e.g. a second segment of sheetlike securing material is present on the rear major face of front end pleat-panel 31 in addition to a first segment on the front major face of pleat-panel 31, a similar through-hole can be provided in the second segment that is aligned with the through-hole of the first segment. In some embodiments, a spacer element may be provided in pleat-valley 35, whether in the form of a local spacer element that is proximate to the through-hole or holes, or in the form of a strip that extends along a considerable portion of pleat-valley 35. Such a spacer may ensure that pleat-valley 35 does not e.g. partially close to an extent that might affect the reliability of the filter life indicator. Such a spacer may be, e.g., a relatively air-transmissive material such as e.g. an open-celled foam, a reticulated foam or netting, etc.
[0108] Rear, abutting tab
[0109] In at least some embodiments, air filter 1 may comprise a rear, abutting tab 70 that is configured to be abutted against a surface that is rearward of rear edge 112 of air inlet 102 of unit 100. In some embodiments, the surface against which tab 70 will abut will be an area 201 of wall 200 at the rear of air-handling unit 100. However, in some embodiments such a surface may be an area 120 of outside surface 107 of housing 101, area 120 being rearward of the rear edge 112 of air inlet 102 as indicated in general manner in Fig. 4.
[0110] In some embodiments (e.g. in which a rear adjustable-length portion is not present) , a rear end pleat-panel of a fixed-length portion may serve as a rear, abutting tab. In embodiments in which a rear adjustable-length portion 7 is present, a rear end pleat-panel 61 of the rear adjustable-length portion 7 may serve as, or as part of, a rear, abutting tab 70. In some embodiments, a rear end pleat-panel 61 may serve, as-is, as a rear, abutting tab 70, e.g. with a lower terminus 62 of pleat-panel 61 serving as a lower terminus of rear, abutting tab 70. In some embodiments, rear end pleat-panel 61 may be treated, e.g. impregnated with a liquid resin that is then hardened, to impart rear end pleat-panel 61 with any desired stiffness. In some embodiments, multiple pleat-panels of a rear adjustable-length portion 7 may be e.g. gathered and attached to each other to collectively provide a rear, abutting tab. In some embodiments, a sheetlike piece of reinforcing material (e.g. chipboard) may be attached to (at least) rear end pleat-panel 61 so that pleat-panel 61, bearing the sheetlike piece of reinforcing material, serves as a rear, abutting tab. In still other embodiments, a piece of sheetlike material that has a segment that is attached at least to rear end pleat-panel 61, may have an additional segment that extends away from pleat-panel 61 and that serves as a rear, abutting tab70. (Such an arrangement might look much like the arrangement of sheetlike material 53 and its segments 54 and 55, as may be used at the front end of the air filter and as depicted in Fig. 5. ) However, a presently preferred arrangement is simply to use a rear end pleat-panel 61 (by itself and without the pleat-panel having been specially treated e.g. with an impregnating liquid) as a rear, abutting tab 70, as with the exemplary arrangement depicted in Fig. 7.
[0111] With air filter 1 installed atop an air-handling unit 100 as described herein, rear, abutting tab 70 will reside rearwardly of rear edge 112 of air-inlet 102. In many such cases, a lower terminus 74 of rear, abutting tab 70 may naturally end up abutting against an area 201 of wall 200 that is at a corner where the rear of unit 100 meets wall 200, as illustrated in exemplary manner in Fig. 7. However, the exact location does not necessarily matter (and in some cases lower terminus 74 of rear, abutting tab 70 may abut an area 120 of housing 101) , as long as it is sufficiently rearward to provide that pleated filter assembly 10 extends rearwardly over air-inlet 102 at least to, e.g. past, the rear edge 112 of air-inlet 102.
[0112] As noted, in many embodiments, rear, abutting tab 70 need only perform an abutting function and is not necessarily required to stick, bond, or otherwise adhere to any surface (e.g. to location 201 of wall 200 and / or to location 120 of outside surface 107 of housing 101 of unit 100) . However, if desired, a rear, abutting tab 70 could optionally be provided with a detachable securing mechanism that allows the rear, abutting tab to form at least a weak, but tangible, adhesive bond to a surface that the rear, abutting tab is abutted against. Thus for example, a piece of double-faced adhesive tape might be provided (at the factory) on the outward (rearward) major face of rear, abutting tab 70, so that if the adhesive tape does contact wall 200, it will at least form a weak bond thereto. Such a bond is envisioned as only serving to slightly enhance the security with which air filter 1 is held in place; it should not be strong enough that a user would be required to access the rear end of air filter 1 in order to detach rear, abutting tab 70 from wall 200. It is further noted in passing that a mechanical area-fastener would not likely be used on rear, abutting tab 70, since this would require the user to mount a complementary area-fastener on wall 200.
[0113] Thus in many embodiments, a rear, abutting tab will not be secured, bonded, or in any way attached to an air-handling unit, nor to a wall on which the air-handling unit is mounted. In general, a rear section of air filter 1 (encompassing e.g. a rear third of the air filter) will not be secured, bonded, or in any way attached to the air-handling unit or to the wall. In fact, in many embodiments, a previously-described front, securing tab 50 will provide the only securing mechanism (not counting friction, the air filter’s own weight, etc. ) by which air filter 1 is held in place on the air-handling unit. In such embodiments, items of air filter 1 other than front, securing tab 50 (e.g., lower pleat tips 25, adhesive parcels 77 that overlie lower pleat tips 25, etc. ) will not be secured, bonded, or otherwise attached to the air-handling unit.
[0114] Given the possible variations in rear, abutting tab 70 that are disclosed herein, it will be understood that an arrangement in which a rear end pleat-panel 61 itself serves as a rear, abutting tab, is encompassed, as a special case, within arrangements in which a rear, abutting tab is attached to a rear end pleat-panel. Similarly, an arrangement in which a front end pleat-panel 31 itself serves as a front, securing tab, is encompassed, as a special case, within arrangements in which a front, securing tab is attached to a front end pleat-panel. It will also be understood that in some embodiments, multiple pleat-panels at the forward end 13 of pleated filter assembly 10 (e.g., front end pleat-panel 31 and front penultimate pleat-panel 34, possibly along with one or more additional pleat-panels) may be gathered and pressed together. In some embodiments, a piece of sheetlike material 53 can be wrapped around the gathered stack of front end pleat-panels to form a front, securing tab 50; or, in some embodiments, the gathered pleat-panels themselves may serve as a front, securing tab without the need for an added piece 53. In some such embodiments, a front end pleat-panel 31, or a set of front end pleat-panels, may be treated (e.g. impregnated with a liquid that, once solidified, serves to stiffen or rigidify the pleat-panel (s) ) to enhance their ability to serve as a front, securing tab 50. Any such arrangement is encompassed as a special case of a front, securing tab 50 being attached at least to a front end pleat-panel. The same holds for gathering multiple pleat-panels at the rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly (e.g., rear end pleat-panel 61 and one or more neighboring pleat-panels) and wrapping a sheetlike piece around the gathered stack of rear end pleat-panels to form rear, abutting tab 70; it also holds for using a gathered stack of rear end pleat-panels as a rear, abutting tab 70, for impregnating an end pleat-panel, or multiple end pleat-panels, with a stiffening-imparting liquid, etc. It is however once again emphasized that the presence of a front, securing tab 50, and / or a rear, abutting tab 70, does not provide a perimeter frame. Rather, pleated filter assembly 10, and air filter 1 as a whole, are unframed as discussed earlier herein.
[0115] At a desired time (e.g. if it is considered that the air filter 1 is approaching the end of its useful life) air filter 1 can be easily removed and replaced. If a removable adhesive was used to secure the front, securing tab 50 to the air-handling unit 100, the adhesive may be removed. If a securing structure 90 was installed on air-handling unit 100, the front, securing tab 50 of the air filter may be detached from the securing element 91 of the securing structure 90 (the securing structure 90 can be left in place for the next air filter) . A replacement air filter 1 can then be installed according to the procedures discussed earlier herein.
[0116] In some embodiments, at least one air filter 1 may be provided as part of a kit, in any suitable format. Such a kit may comprise a number of air filters (e.g. two, three, four, five, or more) , e.g. in a compacted condition. In some embodiments such a kit may further comprise one or more securing elements. In this regard it is noted that any such securing element will not necessarily be used on a one-to-one basis with the air filters; rather, a securing element may last through the use of several, or even numerous, air filters.
[0117] In some embodiments, corrugated edges 17 of air filter 1 may be at least partially blocked, sealed, or otherwise occluded to reduce the amount of ambient air that bypasses corrugated edges 17 so as to reach the interior of air-handling unit 100 without having been filtered by air filter 1. In some embodiments, such arrangements may be achieved by the use of blocking elements that are factory-installed on each corrugated edge of air filter 1. If such a blocking element is to block the adjustable-length portion (s) of the air filter in addition to the fixed-length portion (s) , any such factory-installed blocking element will need to be able to expand as needed concurrently with any expansion of the adjustable-length portion of the air filter. Such a factory-installed blocking element might be e.g. a sheetlike piece of material (e.g., a thin film, a suitable nonwoven, etc. ) that has an adhesive on an interior surface thereof so that the piece of material can be bonded edgewise to the corrugated edges of air filter 1. In other embodiments, a blocking element (e.g. a sheetlike, adhesive-backed piece of material) may be provided (e.g. as part of a kit) to an end-user so that the end-user can apply the blocking element to the corrugated edges of air filter 1.
[0118] In other embodiments, the corrugated edges of air filter 1 (particularly if they extend e.g. at least a few centimeters laterally beyond the lateral edges of air inlet 102) may be blocked by the simple expedient of deforming them down against the housing 101 of the air-handling unit 100 and e.g. taping them down. In some embodiments, upper pleat tips 23 could be individually folded downward (along fold lines that are generally aligned with the pleat direction Dp) along the corrugated edges 17 of pleated filter assembly 10 (e.g., in similar manner to forming darts in fabric) , to at least partially occlude the lateral entrances to lower pleat valleys 26. Any such blocking element may be factory-formed; or, instructions may be provided to an end-user as to how to form such blocking elements. Any such arrangements may be facilitated by having filter media 15 extend well beyond (e.g., 3 cm or more) any previously-described edge seals 81.
[0119] This being said, the present investigations have so far indicated that there does not appear to be any pressing need to add any additional entities (whether at the factory, or by the end user) to further block, e.g. to totally seal, the corrugated edges 17 of air filter 1. A first reason for this is the presence of previously-described edge seals 81 along the corrugated edges of the pleated filter media. Such edge seals, even if they do not completely (hermetically) occlude the lower pleat valleys 26 of the pleated media (and even if the adjustable-length portion (s) of the pleated filter media are not equipped with such edge seals) , have still been found to significantly reduce air leakage through the corrugated edges of the air filter. Another contributor is the fact that an air inlet 102 of an air-handling unit 100 of a mini-split air-conditioning system typically has a rather high aspect ratio. That is, the forward-rearward “length” of the air inlet, along which the corrugated edges of the air filter are positioned, is typically rather small relative to the lateral “width” , and thus the overall size, of the air inlet. An air filter 1 that is installed atop such an air inlet will have a similar aspect ratio. The corrugated edges of the air filter thus typically do not offer a large leakage pathway in comparison to the air that flows through the filter itself. Still another factor that seems to eliminate any need for additional edge-sealing is that air filter 1, as installed on an air-handling unit 100 of a mini-split air-conditioning system, will function in a recirculating, multi-pass mode of filtration. In such a mode of operation, ambient air (in a room in which unit 100 is located) is repeatedly filtered, returned to the room, filtered again, and so on. Such an arrangement, involving multi-pass recirculation, can be contrasted to a situation in which, e.g., air that is to enter an ISO-certified cleanroom is subjected to rigorous, one-pass filtering. This being the case, the fact that the single-pass filtration performance of air filter 1 may be somewhat lowered by the fact that a certain amount of air bypasses the filter by way of leaking around the corrugated edges of the filter, has not been found to unduly reduce the overall filtration performance of the air filter as operated in recirculation mode.
[0120] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the specific exemplary embodiments, elements, structures, features, details, arrangements, configurations, etc., that are disclosed herein can be modified and / or combined in numerous ways. In summary, numerous variations and combinations are contemplated as being within the bounds of the conceived invention, not merely those representative designs that were chosen to serve as exemplary illustrations. Thus, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the specific illustrative structures described herein, but rather extends at least to the structures described by the language of the claims, and the equivalents of those structures. Any of the elements that are positively recited in this specification as alternatives may be explicitly included in the claims or excluded from the claims, in any combination as desired. Any of the elements or combinations of elements that are recited in this specification in open-ended language (e.g., comprise and derivatives thereof) , are considered to additionally be recited in closed-ended language (e.g., consist and derivatives thereof) and in partially closed-ended language (e.g., consist essentially, and derivatives thereof) . Although various theories and possible mechanisms may have been discussed herein, in no event should such discussions serve to limit the claimable subject matter. To the extent that there is any conflict or discrepancy between this specification as written and the disclosure in any document that is incorporated by reference herein but to which no priority is claimed, this specification as written will control.
Claims
1.A conformable, unframed, length-adjustable air filter for external installation atop an air inlet of an indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system, the air filter comprising:a conformable, unframed, length-adjustable, pleated filter assembly with a forward end and a rearward, opposing end, and with an upper major side and a lower, opposing major side, the pleated filter assembly comprising at least one conformable fixed-length portion and at least one conformable adjustable-length portion that is integrally connected to the at least one fixed-length portion;the at least one adjustable-length portion being reversibly adjustable along an expansion-compaction direction of the pleated filter assembly at least between a compacted condition and an at-rest condition that is expanded relative to the compacted condition.2.The air filter of claim 1 wherein at least one of the adjustable-length portions exhibits a compaction ratio of less than 50 %and at least one of the fixed-length portions exhibits a compaction ratio of greater than 90 %.3.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the at least one conformable fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly comprises a central fixed-length portion, and wherein the at least one conformable adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly comprises a front adjustable-length portion at the forward end of the pleated filter assembly and a rear adjustable-length portion at the rearward end of the pleated filter assembly.4.The air filter of claim 3 wherein the front adjustable-length portion comprises from two to eight unconstrained pleat-panels, the rear adjustable-length portion comprises from two to eight unconstrained pleat-panels, and the central fixed-length portion comprises from 40 to 80 constrained pleat-panels.5.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the pleated filter assembly comprises a pleated filter media that is adjustable as-made, and wherein the at least one fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly comprises at least two length-fixing members on an upper major side and / or on a lower major side of the pleated filter media, the at least two length-fixing members being attached to the pleated filter media, being spaced apart along a pleat direction of the pleated filter assembly, being elongate along the expansion-compaction direction of the pleated filter assembly, and serving to hold the fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly at least substantially at the fixed length;and, wherein in the at least one adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly, at least two pleat-panels of the pleated filter media are unconstrained pleat-panels that are not constrained by any length-fixing member.6.The air filter of claim 5 wherein the at least two length-fixing members of the at least one fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly comprise at least two elongate strands of hardened adhesive on a lower major side of the pleated filter media, wherein each strand of hardened adhesive includes adhesive parcels that are present in lower pleat valleys of the fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly, at least some such adhesive parcels providing adhesive bridges that bridge lower pleat valleys between faces of opposing pleat-panels that define the lower pleat-valleys;and, wherein at least one lower pleat valley of the adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly does not comprise any lower-pleat-valley-bridging adhesive parcel.7.The air filter of claim 6 wherein a first elongate strand is positioned within 5 cm of a first corrugated edge of the pleated filter media and a second elongate strand is positioned within 5 cm of a second, opposing corrugated edge of the pleated filter media, and wherein the adhesive parcels of the first and second elongate strands partially fill the lower pleat valleys of the fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly so that the first and second elongate strands serve as first and second adhesive edge seals that at least generally block the lower pleat valleys of the fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly.8.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the air filter comprises a front, securing tab that is attached at least to a front end pleat-panel of the pleated filter assembly and that comprises a detachable securing mechanism configured to be detachably secured to the indoor air-handling unit.9.The air filter of claim 8 wherein the front end pleat-panel of the pleated filter assembly, to which the front, securing tab is attached, is a frontmost pleat-panel of a front adjustable-length portion of the pleated air filter assembly.10.The air filter of claim 8 wherein the detachable securing mechanism comprises at least one piece of double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive with a first face that is adhesively attached to a major lower surface of the front, securing tab and with a second, opposing face that is configured to be adhesively attached to an outer surface of a housing of the indoor air-handling unit.11.The air filter of claim 8 wherein the front, securing tab is formed from a piece of sheetlike tab material with a first segment that is attached to at least the front end pleat-panel of the pleated filter assembly and with a second segment that is integrally connected to the first segment and that provides the front securing tab, with the second segment comprising a major lower surface to which the detachable securing mechanism is attached.12.The air filter of claim 11 wherein the second segment of the piece of sheetlike tab material is pivotally movable relative to the first segment of the piece of sheetlike tab material, so that the front, securing tab is pivotably movable relative to the pleated filter assembly through an arc of partial pivoting, about a pivot axis that is parallel to a pleat direction of the pleated filter assembly.13.The air filter of claim 11 wherein the first segment of the piece of sheetlike tab material comprises at least one through-hole through which is exposed an area of the nonwoven electret filter media of the front end pleat-panel, the exposed area being configured to serve as a filter life indicator.14.The air filter of claim 8 wherein the front, securing tab comprises a plurality of rigid securing members, at least one of the rigid securing members being configured to be inserted into the air inlet of the indoor air-handling unit so as to assume a securing position in which the rigid securing member abuts a front edge of the air inlet.15.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the at least one adjustable-length portion includes a rear adjustable-length portion at the rearward end of the pleated filter assembly, the rear adjustable-length portion comprising a rear, abutting tab that is configured to be abutted against a surface that is rearward of a rear edge of the air inlet of the indoor air-handling unit of the mini-split air-conditioning system.16.The air filter of claim 15 wherein the rear, abutting tab comprises at least a rearmost pleat-panel of the rear adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly, with the proviso that the rear, abutting tab does not include any entity that is not a pleat-panel of the rear adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly.17.The air filter of claim 1 wherein a pleated filter media of the pleated filter assembly comprises secondary edge areas and wherein at least some upper pleat tips of the pleated filter media are each folded downward to form a blocking element that at least partially occludes a lateral entrance to a lower pleat valley of the pleated filter assembly.18.A method of externally installing a conformable, unframed, length-adjustable air filter atop an air inlet of an indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system, the method comprising:positioning the air filter generally atop the indoor air-handling unit so that a pleated filter assembly of the air filter is positioned generally atop the air inlet,abutting a rear, abutting tab of a rearward end of the air filter against a surface that is rearward of a rear edge of the air inlet,and,detachably securing a front, securing tab of a forward end of the air filter to a housing of the indoor air-handling unit, at a location of the housing that is generally forward and / or generally downward of a front edge of the air inlet,with the proviso that the rear, abutting tab is not secured to the indoor air-handling unit nor to any portion of a wall on which the indoor air-handling unit is mounted, so that the only securing of the air filter in place on the indoor air-handling unit is by way of the detachable securing of the front, securing tab of the forward end of the air filter to the housing of the indoor air-handling unit.19.The method of claim 18 wherein the air filter comprises a conformable, unframed, length-adjustable, pleated filter assembly with a forward end and a rearward, opposing end, and with an upper major side and a lower, opposing major side, the pleated filter assembly comprising at least one conformable fixed-length portion and at least one conformable adjustable-length portion that is integrally connected to the at least one fixed-length portion and that is reversibly adjustable along an expansion-compaction direction of the pleated filter assembly between at least a compacted condition and an at-rest condition that is expanded relative to the compacted condition, and wherein the method comprises a step of adjusting a length of the at least one conformable adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly so that the rear, abutting tab of the rearward end of the air filter is positioned to be abutted against the surface that is rearward of the rear edge of the air inlet and so that the front, securing tab of the forward end of the air filter is positioned to be detachably secured to the housing of the indoor air-handling unit at the location of the housing that is generally forward and / or generally downward of the front edge of the air inlet.20.The method of claim 19 with the proviso that the at least one fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly remains at least substantially at its fixed length during the installing of the air filter atop the indoor air-handling unit and after the air filter is installed atop the indoor air-handling unit; and, wherein after the air filter is installed atop the indoor air-handling unit, at least some lower pleat tips of the at least one adjustable-length portion of the pleated filter assembly exhibit a pleat spacing that differs by at least plus or minus 30 %from a pleat spacing exhibited by lower pleat tips of the at least one fixed-length portion of the pleated filter assembly.21.The method of claim 18 wherein the surface against which the rear, abutting tab of the rearward end of the air filter is abutted, is a vertical surface of a wall on which the indoor air-handling unit is mounted or is an outer surface of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit.22.The method of claim 18 wherein positioning the air filter generally atop the indoor air-handling unit so that the pleated filter assembly of the air filter is positioned generally atop the air inlet, abutting the rear, abutting tab of a rearward end of the air filter against a surface that is rearward of a rear edge of the air inlet, and detachably securing the front, securing tab of the forward end of the air filter to the housing of the indoor air-handling unit at the location of the housing that is generally forward and / or generally downward of the front edge of the air inlet, is done in any order.23.The method of claim 18, wherein the method further comprises operating the indoor air-handling unit of the mini-split air-conditioning system so that ambient air is drawn generally downwardly through the pleated air filter assembly of the air filter and is filtered thereby, with the filtered air being drawn generally downward into the indoor air-handling unit;and,wherein the filtering of the ambient air by the air filter is performed with the air filter in an unframed configuration.
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