Beam-group power scaling

Abstract

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for reducing transmit power on some beams. One method may include receiving, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator; determining, based on the received power scaling factor, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power associated with a layer; and transmitting, to the network entity, a channel state information including a CQI calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit powers associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank. The portion of PDSCH transmit power may be restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank.

Description

TITLE BEAM-GROUP POWER SCALING TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Some example embodiments may generally relate to mobile or wireless telecommunication systems, such as 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5thgeneration (5G) radio access technology (RAT), new radio (NR) access technology, 6thgeneration (6G), and / or other communications systems. For example, certain example embodiments may relate to systems and / or methods for reducing transmit power on some beams. BACKGROUND

[0002] Examples of mobile or wireless telecommunication systems may include radio frequency (RF) 5G RAT, the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), LTE Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-A Pro, NR access technology, and / or MulteFire Alliance. 5G wireless systems refer to the next generation (NG) of radio systems and network architecture. A 5G system is typically built on a 5G NR, but a 5G (or NG) network may also be built on E-UTRA radio. It is expected that NR can support service categories such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency- communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC). NR is expected to deliver extreme broadband, ultra-robust, low-latency connectivity, and massive networking to support the Internet of Things (IoT). The next generation radioaccess network (NG-RAN) represents the radio access network (RAN) for 5G, whichmay provide radio access for NR, LTE, and LTE-A. It is noted that the nodes in 5G providing radio access functionality to a user equipment (e.g., similar to the Node B in UTRAN or the Evolved Node B (eNB) in LTE) may be referred to as next-generation Node B (gNB) when built on NR radio, and may be referred to as next-generation eNB (NG-eNB) when built on E-UTRA radio.SUMMARY

[0003] In accordance with some example embodiments, a method may includereceiving, by a user equipment, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator. The method may further include determining, by the user equipment, based on the received power scaling factor, at least a portion of physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmit power associated with a layer. The portion of PDSCH transmit power is restricted to be one orless over a PDSCH transmission rank. The method may further include reporting achannel state information including a channel quality indicator (CQI) calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with therespective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank.

[0004] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may includemeans for receiving, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator. The apparatus may further include means for determining, based on the received power scaling factor, at least aportion of PDSCH transmit power associated with a layer. The portion of PDSCHtransmit power is restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank. The apparatus may further include means for reporting a channel state information including a CQI calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank.

[0005] In accordance with various example embodiments, a non-transitory computerreadable medium may include program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a method. The method may include receiving, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator. The method may further include determining, based on the received power scaling factor, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power associated with a layer. The portion of PDSCH transmit power is restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank. The method may further include reporting a channel state information including a CQI calculated assuming thedetermined portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank.

[0006] In accordance with some example embodiments, a computer program productmay perform a method. The method may include receiving, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator. The method may further include determining, based on the received power scaling factor, at least a portion of of PDSCH transmit power associated with a layer. The portion of PDSCH transmit power is restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank. The method may further include reporting a channel state information including a CQI calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank.

[0007] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include atleast one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to receive, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator. The at least one memory and instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus at least to determine, based on the received power scaling factor, at least a portion of of PDSCH transmit power associated with a layer. The portion of PDSCH transmit power is restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank. The at least one memory and instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus at least to report a channel state information including a CQI calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank.

[0008] In accordance with various example embodiments, an apparatus may includereceiving circuitry configured to receive, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator. The apparatus may further include determining circuitry configured to determine, based on thereceived power scaling factor, at least a portion of of PDSCH transmit power associatedwith a layer. The portion of PDSCH transmit power is restricted to be one or less overa PDSCH transmission rank. The apparatus may further include reporting circuitryconfigured to report a channel state information including a CQI calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank.

[0009] In accordance with some example embodiments, a method may includeconfiguring, by a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator.

[0010] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may includemeans for configuring a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator.

[0011] In accordance with various example embodiments, a non-transitory computerreadable medium may include program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a method. The method may include configuring a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator.

[0012] In accordance with some example embodiments, a computer program productmay perform a method. The method may include configuring a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator.

[0013] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include atleast one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to configure a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator.

[0014] In accordance with various example embodiments, an apparatus may includeconfiguring circuitry configured to configure a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] For a proper understanding of example embodiments, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an expectation process in calculating expectedEIRP spectral density;

[0017] FIG.2 illustrates an example of a signaling diagram according to certain exampleembodiments;

[0018] FIG. 3 illustrates a technique for configuring transmit power restrictions per beamforming directions;

[0019] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the transmit power per beam and per layer calculated by a UE configured with beam group power restriction;

[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates another example of the transmit power per beam and per layer calculated by a UE configured with beam group power restriction;

[0021] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method that may be performed by a user equipment according to various example embodiments;

[0022] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method that may be performed by a network entity according to various example embodiments;

[0023] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of various network devices according to someexample embodiments; and

[0024] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a 5G network and system architecture accordingto certain example embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] It will be readily understood that the components of certain exampleembodiments, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of some example embodiments of systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for reducing transmit power on some beams is not intended to limit the scope of certain example embodiments, but is instead representative of selected example embodiments.

[0026] In World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC)-23, the InternationalTelecommunication Union (ITU) introduced limits to the expected effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) spectral density within the frequency band 6425–7125 MHzfor different ranges of elevation angles above the horizon. The table below providesan example of vertical angle ranges with expected EIRPs. Vertical angle range θL ≤ θ < θH (vertical angle θ above horizon) Expected EIRP (dBm / MHz)0^^≤ θ < 5^ 275^^≤ θ < 10^ 2310^≤ θ < 15^ 1915^≤ θ < 20^ 1820^≤ θ <30^ 1630^≤ θ < 60^ 1560^≤ θ ≤ 90^ 15The expected EIRP may be defined as the average value of the EIRP, with theaveraging being performed over horizontal angles from −180° to +180°, with theInternational Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) base station beamforming in aspecific direction within its horizontal and vertical steering range, over different beamforming directions within the IMT base station horizontal and vertical steering range, and over the specified vertical angle range θL ≤ θ < θH.

[0027] These radiated power limits are intended to control interference between terrestrial mobile services (e.g., IMT) and fixed satellite services (FSS) (e.g., Earth- to-space) such that they can coexist in the same frequency band. An expected EIRP mask may set a regulatory limit on the expected EIRP within each vertical (e.g.,elevation) angle (^) window at or above the horizon (0° ≤ ^ ≤ 90°). The proposedexpected EIRP mask may define a statistical expectation (e.g., averaging) process, and state the stochastic parameters involved in the expectation process. There may also be a definition of explicit conditions required for verification of the derived expected EIRP limits, ensuring that the defined limits are clear and cannot be misinterpreted.

[0028] As shown in FIG.1, the expectation process in calculating the expected EIRP spectral density of an IMT base station may be over the horizontal angles, beamforming directions, and vertical (i.e., elevation) angle windows. The EIRP of an IMT base station in the horizontal (i.e., azimuth) direction − π ≤ φ ≤ π and vertical (i.e., elevation) direction 0 ≤ θ ≤ π / 2 above the horizon may be written as P(θ, φ; α, β). The parameters α and β may be the horizontal and vertical beamforming directions(i.e., the angles towards which the base station electronically steers a beam).

[0029] For active antenna system base stations within a given horizontal and vertical steering range, averaging over beamforming directions for a given vertical angle θ0and horizontal angle φ0 the expectation of the EIRP spectral density may be obtainedby averaging over a sufficient sampling of N beamforming directions (αn, βn) n = 1 ...N.

[0030] The beamforming directions (αn, βn) may have a uniform statistical angulardistribution within the steering range of the IMT base station (e.g., ^^=^^^(^^, ^^; ^^ , ^^)), where the EIRP spectral densities are in units ofmW / MHz, and wn refers to the weight for the n-th beamforming direction (i.e., thefraction of the steering range represented by the n-th beamforming direction). For example, wn= 1 / N in the case that N uniform equispaced beams may be assumed in the azimuth and elevation, respectively, and where each beam covers an equal rangeof angles. Each beam direction may be associated with a downlink transmission ofany supported rank; thus, the maximum allowed transmit power per layer may depend on the number of layers transmitted in the same beam direction.

[0031] Per-beam transmit power back-off can be used to satisfy an expected EIRP spectral density limit at elevation angles above the horizon to control interference between mobile terrestrial and fixed satellite services. For a rank-1 precoding matrix indicator (PMI), configuring a maximum transmit power per beam may be sufficient to control the radiated power in a given beamforming direction, because in Type-I PMI, one layer may be transmitted on a single beam (SD basis).

[0032] However, for ranks larger than 1, multiple beams, each mapped to a layer- group of one or two layers, may contribute to the radiated power in a restricted beamforming direction. If the power scaling factor is configured per beam, the gNB would need to configure the maximum transmit power per beam assuming the worst case that all the selected beams in a reported PMI are selected in the same power- restricted beamforming direction. This conservative per-beam power restriction configuration penalizes PMIs with fewer than selected beams in the same restricted beamforming direction, as the UE assumes a maximum transmit power per layer that is lower than EIRP mask would allow.

[0033] Certain example embodiments described herein may have various benefits and / or advantages to overcome the disadvantages described above. For example, certainexample embodiments may reduce transmit power on some beams. Thus, certainexample embodiments discussed below are directed to improvements in computer- related technology.

[0034] In certain example embodiments, a beam-group scaling factor may beconfigured that limits the maximum transmit power across all the beams in the beam- group that are selected for a reported PMI. As an example, for a beam group j, formed by at least two beams, pointing in a beamforming direction where the maximum fraction of total transmit power allowed in that beamforming direction is 1 / 2 and the maximum allowed reported rank is 8, the gNB configures a power scaling factor 1 / 16, such that, in the worst case of 4 beams being selected in the same beamforming direction, the transmit power across the 4 beams is 1 / 2 of the total transmit power.However, for a rank-1 PMI with a single beam selected in the power-restrictedbeamforming direction, the configured power scaling factor is too restrictive as it results in assuming a fraction of transmit power for that single beam of just 1 / 12 instead of 1 / 2.

[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a signaling diagram 200 depicting for reducingtransmit power on some beams. NE 210 and UE 220 may be similar to NE 810 and UE820, as illustrated in FIG.8, according to certain example embodiments.

[0036] At operation 201, UE 220 may transmit to NE 210 a UE capability indication of power scaling (e.g., on SD bases).

[0037] At operation 202, NE 210 may transmit to UE 220 a CSI configuration, which may include transmission power restrictions on beam groups of a PMI codebook.

[0038] At operation 203, UE 220 may calculate CSI including per-beam / layer powerscaling factors in order to reduce transmit power on some beams. For example, UE 220may assign a transmit power to at least one layer of a PMI. The assigned power may depend on the number of beams associated with a beamforming direction. The PDSCH signals may be precoded by a PMI associated with a plurality of beams and a plurality of layers where each layer is associated with at least one beam.

[0039] At operation 204, UE 220 may transmit to NE 210 a CSI report, which may include an indication of the calculated per-beam / layer power scaling factors.

[0040] At operation 205, NE 210 may perform PMI reconstruction and calculate a precoder.

[0041] At operation 206, NE 210 may transmit PDSCH to UE 220.

[0042] For Rel-19 Type-I PMI, calculated on up to 128 ports, for rank ^ > 1, thenumber of selected beams (SD bases) may depend on the reported rank and theconfigured codebook mode. For ModeA, and ^ = 2, one or two different beams maybe selected, whereas for 2 < ^ ≤ 8, the number of different selected beams is^^^^(^ / 2). For ModeB and 2 ≤ ^ ≤ 4, the number of different selected beams canbe in the range ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^, whereas for 5 < ^ ≤ 8 the number of different selectedbeams is ^^^^(^ / 2). In some example embodiments, some or all of these beams may be selected in the same beamforming direction. In one example, as shown in FIG.3,a beamforming direction is associated with a group of ^^ × ^^ beams of anoversampled DFT grid of size ^^^^ × ^^^^, where ^^ and ^^ are the number of portsin the horizonal and vertical direction for each polarization and ^^and ^^are the oversampling factors in the two directions, respectively.

[0043] As an example, ^^ may be a generic beam-group of index ^ comprising ^^^^beam indices, {^^,^, ^^,^, … , ^^,^^^^}, with ^ ∈ ^1,^ may be defined as the^scaling factor configured by the gNB for beam group ^^, such that the fraction of total transmit power allocated across all selected beams in beam-group ^^cannot exceed ^^^. ^^may be defined as the number of layers mapped to a beam of index ^. The fraction of PDSCH power allocated to a layer mapped to a beam without any transmitpower restriction is 1 / ^, for a rank-^ PMI, which corresponds to a power scalingfactor per layer of 1. The number of layers in a PMI transmitted in the beamformingdirection of beam group ^^ may be given by ∑^∈^^ ^^ , where the sum is over all theselected beams belonging to beam group ^^ . If the beam group of beam ^ is powerrestricted, then the maximum fraction of transmit power per layer for that beamcannot exceed ^^^ ^^ , which corresponds to a power scaling factor per layer of^^^ ⋅ ^ / ∑^∈^^ ^^ . Therefore, to fulfil the max transmit power per beamformingdirection of beam group ^, a UE may apply a power scaling factor to each layermapped to a beam in ^^ given by power scaling factor per layer of SD basis i:

[0044] Since the PDSCH transmit power may be equally distributed across layers when no power restrictions are configured on SD beams, the above power scaling factors per layer may correspond to the following transmit powers for each layercarried on SD basis ^ transmit power per layer of SD basis ^:

[0045] In terms of transmit power per beam ^, this may be calculated by multiplyingthe transmit power per layer by the number of layers carried in the same beam ^ (i.e.,transmit power per SD basis ^: min

[0046] FIG. 3 illustrates a technique for configuring transmit power restrictions per beamforming directions, where a beamforming direction corresponds to a group ^^,^ = 1,2 of SD bases of size ^^ × ^^ = 16 × 4.

[0047] FIG.4 and FIG.5 illustrate two examples of the transmit power per beam andper layer calculated by a UE configured with beam group power restriction. In FIG.4, each SD basis carries a single layer and a single beam is selected for each beam group, whereas in FIG.5, two beams are selected in beam group 2 and one beam in beam group 1. In FIG. 5, beam 1 of beam group 2 carries a single layer (layer 1), whereas beam 2 of beam group 2 carries 2 layers (layer 2 and 3). The total transmit power in the beamforming direction corresponding to beam group 2 may be restricted to a fraction ^^^of the total configured PDSCH power, regardless of the number of beams and layers transmitted in that beamforming direction, which allows the network to avoid excessive transmit power restrictions targeting the worst case of a maximum rank transmission in the same beamforming direction.

[0048] FIG.6 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method 600 that may be performed by a UE, such as UE 820 illustrated in FIG. 8, according to various example embodiments.

[0049] At step 601, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, such as NE 810 illustrated in FIG. 8, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator.

[0050] At step 602, the method may further include determining, based on thereceived power scaling factor, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power associatedwith a layer. The portion of PDSCH transmit power may be restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank.

[0051] At step 603, the method may further include transmitting CSI, to the NE, including a CQI calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmitpower associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank. CQImay be calculated under a certain transmit power assumption for the PDSCH. The total transmit power may be configured by the network, and in legacy behavior, this power may be split equally between the PDSCH layers. The UE may determine the portions of transmit power to allocate to the layers based on the configured power scaling factors.

[0052] In certain example embodiments, the method may further include assigning atransmit power to at least one layer of the PMI. The assigned power may depend (e.g.,inversely proportional) on the number of beams associated with a beamformingdirection. The PDSCH signals may be precoded by a PMI associated with a plurality of beams and a plurality of layers where each layer is associated with at least onebeam. This may apply for ranks>1 where the transmit power per layer depends onhow many beams of the PMI are associated with the same beamforming direction. The NE may configure maximum transmit power for a beamforming direction, and the UE may determine the transmit power for each layer depending on how many PMI beams are in that beamforming direction.

[0053] In some example embodiments, the method may further include obtainingCSI. For example, a beamforming direction may correspond to a configured beamgroup or a configured port group, and at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI may be scaled by the configured scaling factor of the beam group where the selected beam for the layer is found. The portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to the layer of the PMI may depend on the total number of layers of the PMI mapped to beams selected from the same beam group or port group. The portion of PDSCH transmit power per layer may be one over the reported rank when the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI is larger than one over the reported rank. Thus, a specific definition of beamforming direction may be used. Port group may be used for certain types of CSI reports where the CSI- RS ports are already precoded by the PMI; a power restriction of a beamformingdirection may apply to a port group rather than a beam group of a codebook. Theconfigured power scaling factors may set a limit to the maximum power, but the UE may assume equal power allocation across layers if the power limit on that beamforming direction is not exceeded.

[0054] FIG.7 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method 700 that may beperformed by a NE, such as NE 810 illustrated in FIG. 8, according to variousexample embodiments.

[0055] At step 701, the method may include configuring a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator. For example,the NE may transmit to a user equipment, such as UE 820 illustrated in FIG. 8, apower scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator.

[0056] At step 702, the method may further include receiving, from the user equipment, CSI including a CQI calculated assuming the determined portion of PDSCH transmit powers associated with the respective layers of the PDSCHtransmission rank. CQI may be calculated under a certain transmit power assumptionfor the PDSCH. The total transmit power may be configured by the network, and in legacy behavior, this power may be split equally between the PDSCH layers. The UE may determine the portions of transmit power to allocate to the layers based on the configured power scaling factors.

[0057] In certain example embodiments, the method may further include configuringCSI reporting. For example, the NE may transmit CSI to the UE. A beamformingdirection may correspond to a configured beam group or a configured port group, atleast a portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI may be scaledby the configured scaling factor of the beam group where the selected beam for thelayer is found, and the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to the layer of thePMI may depend on the total number of layers of the PMI mapped to beams selectedfrom the same beam group or port group. The portion of transmit power per layermay be one over the reported rank when the portion of PDSCH transmit powerallocated to a layer of a PMI is larger than one over the reported rank.

[0058] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a system according to certain exampleembodiments. In one example embodiment, a system may include multiple devices, such as, for example, NE 810 and / or UE 820.

[0059] NE 810 may be one or more of a base station (e.g., 3G UMTS NodeB, 4G LTEEvolved NodeB, or 5G NR Next Generation NodeB), a serving gateway, a server,and / or any other access node or combination thereof.

[0060] NE 810 may further include at least one gNB-centralized unit (CU), which may be associated with at least one gNB-distributed unit (DU). The at least one gNB-CU and the at least one gNB-DU may be in communication via at least one F1 interface, at least one Xn-C interface, and / or at least one NG interface via a 5thgeneration core (5GC).

[0061] UE 820 may include one or more of a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, smart phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet, or portable media player, digital camera, pocket video camera, video game console, navigation unit, such as a global positioning system (GPS) device, desktop or laptop computer, single-location device, such as a sensor or smart meter, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, NE 810 and / or UE 820 may be one or more of a citizens broadband radio service device (CBSD).

[0062] NE 810 and / or UE 820 may include at least one processor, respectively indicated as 811 and 821. Processors 811 and 821 may be embodied by any computational or data processing device, such as a central processing unit (CPU), application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), or comparable device. The processors may be implemented as a single controller, or a plurality of controllers or processors.

[0063] At least one memory may be provided in one or more of the devices, as indicated at 812 and 822. The memory may be fixed or removable. The memory may include computer program instructions or computer code contained therein. Memories 812 and 822 may independently be any suitable storage device, such as a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium. The term “non-transitory,” as used herein, maycorrespond to a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposedto a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., random access memory (RAM) vs.read-only memory (ROM)). A hard disk drive (HDD), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, or other suitable memory may be used. The memories may be combined on a single integrated circuit as the processor, or may be separate from the one or more processors. Furthermore, the computer program instructions stored in the memory, and which may be processed by the processors, may be any suitable form of computer program code, for example, a compiled or interpreted computer program written in any suitable programming language.

[0064] Processors 811 and 821, memories 812 and 822, and any subset thereof, may beconfigured to provide means corresponding to the various blocks of FIGs.1-7. Althoughnot shown, the devices may also include positioning hardware, such as GPS or micro electrical mechanical system (MEMS) hardware, which may be used to determine a location of the device. Other sensors are also permitted, and may be configured to determine location, elevation, velocity, orientation, and so forth, such as barometers, compasses, and the like.

[0065] As shown in FIG.8, transceivers 813 and 823 may be provided, and one or more devices may also include at least one antenna, respectively illustrated as 814 and 824. The device may have many antennas, such as an array of antennas configured for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communications, or multiple antennas for multiple RATs. Other configurations of these devices, for example, may be provided. Transceivers 813 and 823 may be a transmitter, a receiver, both a transmitter and a receiver, or a unit or device that may be configured both for transmission and reception.

[0066] The memory and the computer program instructions may be configured, with the processor for the particular device, to cause a hardware apparatus, such as UE, toperform any of the processes described above (i.e., FIGs. 1-7). Therefore, in certainexample embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may be encoded with computer instructions that, when executed in hardware, perform a process such as one of the processes described herein. Alternatively, certain example embodiments may be performed entirely in hardware.

[0067] In certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include circuitryconfigured to perform any of the processes or functions illustrated in FIGs. 1-7. Asused in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry), (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions), and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0068] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a 5G network and system architecture accordingto certain example embodiments. Shown are multiple network functions that may be implemented as software operating as part of a network device or dedicated hardware,as a network device itself or dedicated hardware, or as a virtual function operating as anetwork device or dedicated hardware. The NE and UE illustrated in FIG. 9 may besimilar to NE 810 and UE 820, respectively. The user plane function (UPF) may provide services such as intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, routing and forwarding of data packets, inspection of packets, user plane quality of service (QoS) processing, buffering of downlink packets, and / or triggering of downlink data notifications. The application function (AF) may primarily interface with the core network to facilitate application usage of traffic routing and interact with the policy framework.

[0069] According to certain example embodiments, processors 811 and 821, andmemories 812 and 822, may be included in or may form a part of processing circuitryor control circuitry. In addition, in some example embodiments, transceivers 813 and 823 may be included in or may form a part of transceiving circuitry.

[0070] In some example embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., NE 810 and / or UE 820)may include means for performing a method, a process, or any of the variants discussed herein. Examples of the means may include one or more processors, memory, controllers, transmitters, receivers, and / or computer program code forcausing the performance of the operations.

[0071] In various example embodiments, apparatus 820 may be controlled by memory822 and processor 821 to receive, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator; determine, basedon the received power scaling factor, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit powerassociated with a layer; and transmit, to the network entity, CSI including a CQIcalculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit powers associatedwith the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank. The portion of PDSCHtransmit power may be restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank.

[0072] Certain example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus that includes means for performing any of the methods described herein including, for example, means for receiving, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator; determining, based on the received power scaling factor, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power associatedwith a layer; and transmitting, to the network entity, CSI including a CQI calculatedassuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit powers associated with therespective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank. The portion of PDSCH transmitpower may be restricted to be one or less over the PDSCH transmission rank.

[0073] In various example embodiments, apparatus 810 may be controlled by memory812 and processor 811 to configure a power scaling factor for a beamforming directionassociated with a precoding matrix indicator.

[0074] Certain example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus that includes means for performing any of the methods described herein including, for example,means for configuring a power scaling factor for a beamforming direction associatedwith a precoding matrix indicator.

[0075] The features, structures, or characteristics of example embodiments described throughout this specification may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more example embodiments. For example, the usage of the phrases “various embodiments,” “certain embodiments,” “some embodiments,” or other similar language throughout this specification refers to the fact that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an example embodiment may be included in at least one example embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in various embodiments,” “in certain embodiments,” “in some embodiments,” or other similar language throughout this specification does not necessarily all refer to the same group of example embodiments, and the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more example embodiments.

[0076] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or,” mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.

[0077] Additionally, if desired, the different functions or procedures discussed above may be performed in a different order and / or concurrently with each other. Furthermore, if desired, one or more of the described functions or procedures may be optional or maybe combined. As such, the description above should be considered as illustrative of the principles and teachings of certain example embodiments, and not in limitation thereof.

[0078] One having ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that the example embodiments discussed above may be practiced with procedures in a different order, and / or with hardware elements in configurations which are different than those which are disclosed. Therefore, although some embodiments have been described based upon these example embodiments, it would be apparent to those of skill in the art that certain modifications, variations, and alternative constructions would be apparent, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the example embodiments.

[0079] Partial Glossary

[0080] 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project

[0081] 5G 5th Generation

[0082] 5GC 5th Generation Core

[0083] 5GS 5th Generation System

[0084] 5QI 5th Generation Quality of Service Indicator

[0085] 6G 6th Generation

[0086] ACK Acknowledgement

[0087] AF Application Function

[0088] AMF Access and Mobility Management Function

[0089] ARQ Automatic Repeat Request

[0090] ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit

[0091] BS Base Station

[0092] BSD Bucket Size Duration

[0093] BSR Buffer Status Report

[0094] CAPC Channel Access Priority Class

[0095] CBSD Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device

[0096] CCCH Common Control Channel

[0097] CE Control Elements

[0098] CG Configured Grant

[0099] CN Core Network

[0100] CPU Central Processing Unit

[0101] CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0102] CU Centralized Unit

[0103] DAI Downlink Assignment Index

[0104] DCCH Dedicated Control Channel

[0105] DCI Downlink Control Information

[0106] DL Downlink

[0107] DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal

[0108] DRB Data Radio Bearer

[0109] DU Distributed Unit

[0110] eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband

[0111] eMTC Enhanced Machine Type Communication

[0112] eNB Evolved Node B

[0113] eOLLA Enhanced Outer Loop Link Adaptation

[0114] EPS Evolved Packet System

[0115] FDD Frequency Division Duplex

[0116] FR Frequency Range

[0117] gNB Next Generation Node B

[0118] GPS Global Positioning System

[0119] HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

[0120] HARQ PID Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Process Identifier

[0121] HDD Hard Disk Drive

[0122] IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

[0123] IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

[0124] IoT Internet of Things

[0125] IPTV Internet Protocol Television

[0126] L1 Layer 1

[0127] L2 Layer 2

[0128] LBT Listen Before Talk

[0129] LCH Logical Channel

[0130] LCP Logical Channel Prioritization

[0131] LTE Long-Term Evolution

[0132] LTE-A Long-Term Evolution Advanced

[0133] MAC Medium Access Control

[0134] MBS Multicast and Broadcast Systems

[0135] MC Multicast

[0136] MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme

[0137] MEMS Micro Electrical Mechanical System

[0138] MIB Master Information Block

[0139] MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0140] MME Mobility Management Entity

[0141] mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication

[0142] MPDCCH Machine Type Communication Physical Downlink ControlChannel

[0143] MTC Machine Type Communication

[0144] NACK Negative Acknowledgement

[0145] NAS Non-Access Stratum

[0146] NB-IoT Narrowband Internet of Things

[0147] NE Network Entity

[0148] NG Next Generation

[0149] NG-eNB Next Generation Evolved Node B

[0150] NG-RAN Next Generation Radio Access Network

[0151] NR New Radio

[0152] NR-U New Radio Unlicensed

[0153] OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0154] OLLA Outer Loop Link Adaptation

[0155] PBR Prioritized Bit Rate

[0156] PDA Personal Digital Assistance

[0157] PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0158] PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

[0159] PDU Protocol Data Unit

[0160] PHY Physical

[0161] PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator

[0162] PO Paging Occasion

[0163] PQI Packet Quality of Service Identifier

[0164] PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

[0165] PRB Physical Resource Block

[0166] P-RNTI Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0167] PTM Point-to-Multipoint

[0168] PTP Point-to-Point

[0169] PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel

[0170] PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0171] QCI Quality of Service Class Identifier

[0172] QFI Quality of Service Flow Identifier

[0173] QoS Quality of Service

[0174] RAM Random Access Memory

[0175] RAN Radio Access Network

[0176] RAT Radio Access Technology

[0177] RE Resource Element

[0178] RF Radio Frequency

[0179] RLC Radio Link Control

[0180] RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0181] ROM Read-Only Memory

[0182] RRC Radio Resource Control

[0183] RS Reference Signal

[0184] RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

[0185] SC-PTM Single Cell – Point-to-Multipoint

[0186] SDU Service Data Unit

[0187] SFN System Frame Number

[0188] SIB System Information Block

[0189] SMF Session Management Function

[0190] SR Scheduling Report

[0191] SRB Signaling Radio Bearer

[0192] SSB Synchronization Signal Block

[0193] TB Transport Block

[0194] TDD Time Division Duplex

[0195] TR Technical Report

[0196] TS Technical Specification

[0197] TTI Transmission Time Interval

[0198] Tx Transmission

[0199] UCI Uplink Control Information

[0200] UE User Equipment

[0201] UL Uplink

[0202] UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

[0203] UPF User Plane Function

[0204] URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication

[0205] UTRAN Universal Mobile Telecommunications System TerrestrialRadio Access Network

[0206] WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

Claims

WE CLAIM:

1. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamformingdirection associated with a precoding matrix indicator for physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH) signals;determine, based on the received power scaling factor, at least a portion ofPDSCH transmit power associated with a layer, wherein the portion of PDSCH transmitpower is restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank; andtransmit, to the network entity, channel state information including a channelquality indicator (CQI) calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and theinstructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus at least to: assign a transmit power to at least one layer of a precoding matrix indicator(PMI), wherein the assigned power depends on the number of beams associated with a beamforming direction, wherein the PDSCH signals are precoded by a PMI associated with a plurality of beams and a plurality of layers where each layer is associated with at least one beam.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one memory and theinstructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus at least to: obtain channel state information, whereina beamforming direction corresponds to a configured beam group or a configured port group, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI is scaled by the configured scaling factor of the beam group where the selected beam for the layer is found, and the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to the layer of the PMI depends on the total number of layers of the PMI mapped to beams selected from the same beam group or port group.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the portion of PDSCH transmit powerper layer is one over the reported rank when the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI is larger than one over the reported rank.

5. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: configure a user equipment with a power scaling factor for a beamformingdirection associated with a precoding matrix indicator for physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH) signals;receive channel state information including a channel quality indicator (CQI) calculated assuming portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with respectivelayers of PDSCH transmission rank, and wherein the portion of PDSCH transmit poweris restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the PDSCH signals are precoded by aPMI associated with a plurality of beams and a plurality of layers where each layer is associated with at least one beam.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 or 6, wherein at least a portion of the PDSCHtransmit power associated with a layer is determined based on the power scaling factor.

8. The apparatus of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the at least one memory andthe instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus at least to: configure channel state information reporting, whereina beamforming direction corresponds to a configured beam group or a configured port group, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI is scaled by the configured scaling factor of the beam group where the selected beam for the layer is found, and the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to the layer of the PMI dependson the total number of layers of the PMI mapped to beams selected from the same beam group or port group.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the portion of transmit power per layer is one over the reported rank when the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI is larger than one over the reported rank.

10. A method comprising:receiving, by a user equipment, from a network entity, a power scaling factor fora beamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator for physicaldownlink shared channel (PDSCH) signals; determining, by the user equipment, based on the received power scaling factor,at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power associated with a layer, wherein the portion of PDSCH transmit power is restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank; andtransmitting, to the network entity, channel state information including a channelquality indicator (CQI) calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit powers associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:assigning, by the user equipment, a transmit power to at least one layer of thePMI, wherein the assigned power depends on the number of beams associated with a beamforming direction, wherein the PDSCH signals are precoded by a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) associated with a plurality of beams and a plurality of layers where each layer is associated with at least one beam.

12. The method of claim 10 or 11, further comprising:obtaining channel state information, whereina beamforming direction corresponds to a configured beam group or a configured port group, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI is scaled by the configured scaling factor of the beam group where the selected beam for the layer is found, and the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to the layer of the PMI depends on the total number of layers of the PMI mapped to beams selected from the same beam group or port group.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the portion of PDSCH transmit power perlayer is one over the reported rank when the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI is larger than one over the reported rank.

14. A method comprising:configuring, by a network entity, a power scaling factor for a beamformingdirection associated with a precoding matrix indicator for physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH) signals; receive channel state information including a channel quality indicator (CQI) calculated assuming portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with respective layers of PDSCH transmission rank, and wherein the portion of PDSCH transmit power is restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the PDSCH signals are precoded by a PMIassociated with a plurality of beams and a plurality of layers where each layer is associated with at least one beam.

16. The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein at least a portion of the PDSCH transmitpower associated with a layer is determined based on the power scaling factor.

17. The method of any one of claims 14-16, further comprising:configuring channel state information reporting, whereina beamforming direction corresponds to a configured beam group or aconfigured port group, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI is scaled by the configured scaling factor of the beam group where the selected beam for the layer is found, and the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to the layer of the PMI depends on the total number of layers of the PMI mapped to beams selected from the same beam group or port group.

18. The method of any one of claims 14-17, wherein the portion of transmitpower per layer is one over the reported rank when the portion of PDSCH transmit power allocated to a layer of a PMI is larger than one over the reported rank.

19. An apparatus, comprising: means for receiving, from a network entity, a power scaling factor for abeamforming direction associated with a precoding matrix indicator for physicaldownlink shared channel (PDSCH) signals; means for determining, based on the received power scaling factor, at least a portion of PDSCH transmit power associated with a layer, wherein the portion of PDSCH transmit power is restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank; and means for transmitting, to the network entity, channel state information including a channel quality indicator (CQI) calculated assuming the determined portions of PDSCH transmit powers associated with the respective layers of the PDSCH transmission rank.

20. An apparatus, comprising: means for configuring a power scaling factor for a beamforming directionassociated with a precoding matrix indicator for physical downlink shared channel(PDSCH) signals; receive channel state information including a channel quality indicator (CQI) calculated assuming portions of PDSCH transmit power associated with respective layers of PDSCH transmission rank, and wherein the portion of PDSCH transmit power is restricted to be one or less over a PDSCH transmission rank.

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