Communication method and related apparatus

Abstract

A communication method and a related apparatus. In the method, a first communication apparatus transmits, within a specific angle range and on the basis of an indication of first information, an NTN signal having signal power less than or equal to a threshold. Generally, in NTN scenarios, because of reasons such as long distances between different communication devices and significant signal path losses, NTN signals may require relatively large transmission power. However, in the above solution, the first information received by the first communication apparatus can limit the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication apparatus. In this way, the signal power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication apparatus within the specified angle range will be less than or equal to the threshold specified by the first information, which can reduce or mitigate interference of the NTN signal with signal transmission of other systems (such as a radio telescope system, and communication systems other than the NTN system to which the first communication apparatus belongs) within the specified angle range, thereby improving the signal transmission performance of the other systems.

Description

Communication methods and related devices

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. CN202411412421.5, filed on October 10, 2024, entitled "Communication Method and Related Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to a communication method and related apparatus. Background Technology

[0003] Wireless communication can be a transmission communication between two or more communication devices that propagate electromagnetic waves. These communication devices generally include network equipment and terminal equipment. Traditional network equipment can be devices fixed at a certain location on the ground, such as ground base stations in a terrestrial network (TN).

[0004] With the development of communication technology, network equipment may not be fixed in a certain place on the ground. For example, the network equipment can be a high-speed mobile device in a non-terrestrial network (NTN), including but not limited to drones, high-altitude platforms; or satellite equipment such as low-orbit satellites, medium-orbit satellites and high-orbit satellites.

[0005] However, in NTN scenarios, due to the long distance between different communication devices, the NTN signals transmitted by the communication devices will inevitably interfere with other systems (such as radio telescope systems, other communication systems other than the NTN system to which the communication device belongs) during long-distance transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a communication method and related apparatus for reducing signal interference.

[0007] This application provides a communication method applied to a first communication device, for example, the method being executed by the first communication device. The first communication device may be a communication equipment (such as a terminal device or network device), or it may be a component of a communication equipment (such as a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core, or a system-in-package (SIP) chip), or it may be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the communication equipment. In this method, the first communication device receives first information indicating a threshold value for the transmission power of an NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range; the first communication device transmits the NTN signal based on the first information.

[0008] Based on the above scheme, the first information received by the first communication device can indicate a threshold for the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range, and the first communication device can transmit the NTN signal based on the threshold indicated by the first information. In other words, the first communication device transmits an NTN signal with a signal power lower than or equal to the threshold within a specific angular range based on the indication of the first information. Generally, in NTN scenarios, due to the long distance between different communication devices and the large signal path loss, the NTN signal may require a large transmission power. In the above scheme, the first information received by the first communication device can limit the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device. In this way, the signal power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the specified angular range will be lower than or equal to the threshold specified by the first information, which can reduce or minimize the interference of the NTN signal on the signal transmission of other systems (such as radio telescope systems, other communication systems other than the NTN system to which the first communication device belongs) within the specified angular range, thereby improving the signal transmission performance of these other systems.

[0009] It should be noted that the first communication device sends an NTN signal based on the first information, which can be understood as the first communication device sending an NTN signal with a signal power lower than or equal to the threshold indicated by the first information within a first angular range based on the first information.

[0010] Optionally, if the threshold indicated by the first information is 0 or close to 0, the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device based on the threshold may not be successfully received or parsed by the receiving end. Therefore, in this case, the process of the first communication device transmitting the NTN signal based on the first information can be replaced by: the first communication device not transmitting the NTN signal (or being determined not to transmit it) within the first angle range based on the first information, or the first communication device remaining silent within the first angle range based on the first information.

[0011] In this application, transmission power may be replaced by other terms, such as power, signal power, signal transmission power, energy, signal energy, or signal transmission energy.

[0012] Optionally, the transmission power threshold includes at least one of the following: effective isotropic radiation power (EIRP) threshold, power flux density (PFD) threshold, adjacent channel leakage ratio (ALCR) threshold, or out-of-band PFD threshold.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0014] The first indication information indicates the range of the first angle;

[0015] The second indication information indicates the effective time corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power;

[0016] The third indication information indicates the effective frequency point corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power; or

[0017] The fourth indication information indicates the effective polarization information corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power.

[0018] Based on the above scheme, the first information received by the first communication device may include at least one of the above, thereby reducing the interference generated by the NTN signal sent by the first communication device based on the at least one.

[0019] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first instruction information indicates at least one of the following:

[0020] The azimuth angle range of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range;

[0021] The angular range of the pitch angle of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range; or

[0022] The area covered by the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range.

[0023] Based on the above scheme, the first indication information can indicate the first angle range in the above-mentioned multiple ways, so as to improve the flexibility of the scheme implementation.

[0024] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: the first communication device sending second information, the second information being used to request the first information.

[0025] Based on the above scheme, the first communication device can also send second information to request the first information, so that the recipient of the second information (e.g., the second communication device) can provide the first information to the first communication device based on the request of the second information. In this way, the first communication device can actively obtain the transmission threshold of the NTN signal through the request information, so as to reduce the interference of the NTN signal sent by the first communication device to other systems.

[0026] Optionally, the first communication device may periodically send the second information.

[0027] Optionally, the first communication device may trigger the transmission of the second information based on a certain triggering condition.

[0028] For example, the triggering condition could be: if the energy of other signals received by the first communication device within a certain angle range (e.g., the first angle range) is greater than a certain threshold, then the first communication device can determine that it needs to request the first information through the second information in order to send the NTN signal through the threshold indicated by the first information, thereby avoiding or reducing interference with the transmission process of the other signals.

[0029] For example, the triggering condition could be: the first communication device determines that it will send an NTN signal to a certain angular range (e.g., a first angular range). To avoid the NTN signal to be sent interfering with other systems, the first communication device can request the first information through the second information to send the NTN signal at the threshold indicated by the first information, thereby avoiding or reducing interference with the transmission of other signals.

[0030] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the second information includes status information of the first communication device, which is used to determine the first information.

[0031] Based on the above scheme, the second information used to request the first information may include the status information of the first communication device, so that the recipient of the second information can provide the first communication device with the first information adapted to the status information of the first communication device based on the request of the second information, so that the first communication device can subsequently perform the corresponding signal transmission process based on the first information.

[0032] Optionally, the above status information is used to indicate at least one of the following:

[0033] The location of the first communication device;

[0034] The correspondence between the location and time of the first communication device;

[0035] The frequency points of the communication beam supported by the first communication device;

[0036] The scanning angle range of the communication beam supported by the first communication device;

[0037] The first communication device supports the transmission power of the communication beam; or

[0038] The out-of-band radiated power of the communication beam supported by the first communication device.

[0039] A second aspect of this application provides a communication method applied to, or executed by, a second communication device. This second communication device can be a communication equipment (e.g., a network device or a server), or it can be a component of the communication equipment (e.g., a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a SoC chip or SIP chip containing a modem core), or it can be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the communication equipment. In this method, the second communication device determines first information, which indicates a threshold value for the transmission power of an NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range; the second communication device then transmits the first information.

[0040] Based on the above scheme, the first information sent by the second communication device to the first communication device can indicate a threshold for the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range, and the first communication device can transmit the NTN signal based on the threshold indicated by the first information. In other words, the first communication device transmits an NTN signal with a signal power lower than or equal to the threshold within a specific angular range based on the indication of the first information. Generally, in NTN scenarios, due to the long distance between different communication devices and the large signal path loss, the NTN signal may require a large transmission power. In the above scheme, the first information received by the first communication device can limit the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device. In this way, the signal power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the specified angular range will be lower than or equal to the threshold specified by the first information, which can reduce or minimize the interference of the NTN signal on the signal transmission of other systems (such as radio telescope systems, other communication systems other than the NTN system to which the first communication device belongs) within the specified angular range, thereby improving the signal transmission performance of other systems.

[0041] Optionally, the transmission power threshold includes at least one of the following: effective isotropic radiation power (EIRP) threshold, power flux density (PFD) threshold, adjacent channel leakage ratio (ALCR) threshold, or out-of-band PFD threshold.

[0042] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0043] The first indication information indicates the range of the first angle;

[0044] The second indication information indicates the effective time corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power;

[0045] The third indication information indicates the effective frequency point corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power; or

[0046] The fourth indication information indicates the effective polarization information corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power.

[0047] Based on the above scheme, the first information sent by the second communication device may include at least one of the above-mentioned items, thereby reducing the interference generated by the NTN signal sent by the first communication device based on the at least one item.

[0048] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the first instruction information indicates at least one of the following:

[0049] The azimuth angle range of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range;

[0050] The angular range of the pitch angle of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range; or

[0051] The area covered by the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range.

[0052] Based on the above scheme, the first indication information can indicate the first angle range in the above-mentioned multiple ways, so as to improve the flexibility of the scheme implementation.

[0053] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes: the second communication device receiving second information for requesting the first information.

[0054] Based on the above scheme, the second communication device can also receive second information requesting the first information, enabling the second communication device to provide the first information to the first communication device based on the request of the second information. In this way, the first communication device can proactively obtain the transmission threshold of the NTN signal through the request information, thereby reducing the interference of the NTN signal sent by the first communication device to other systems.

[0055] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the second information includes status information of the first communication device, which is used to determine the first information.

[0056] Based on the above scheme, the second information used to request the first information may include the status information of the first communication device, so that the second communication device can provide the first communication device with the first information adapted to the status information of the first communication device based on the request of the second information, so that the first communication device can subsequently perform the corresponding signal transmission process based on the first information.

[0057] Optionally, the above status information is used to indicate at least one of the following:

[0058] The location of the first communication device;

[0059] The correspondence between the location and time of the first communication device;

[0060] The frequency points of the communication beam supported by the first communication device;

[0061] The scanning angle range of the communication beam supported by the first communication device;

[0062] The first communication device supports the transmission power of the communication beam; or

[0063] The out-of-band radiated power of the communication beam supported by the first communication device.

[0064] A third aspect of this application provides a communication device, which includes a processing unit and a transceiver unit; the transceiver unit is configured to receive first information, the first information being configured to indicate a threshold value of the transmission power of an NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range; the transceiver unit is configured to transmit the NTN signal based on the first information.

[0065] In the third aspect of this application, the constituent modules of the communication device can also be used to execute the steps performed in various possible implementations of the first aspect and achieve the corresponding technical effects. For details, please refer to the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0066] A fourth aspect of this application provides a communication device, which includes a processing unit and a transceiver unit; the processing unit is configured to determine first information, the first information being configured to indicate a threshold value of the transmission power of an NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range; the transceiver unit is configured to transmit the first information.

[0067] In the fourth aspect of this application, the constituent modules of the communication device can also be used to perform the steps executed in various possible implementations of the second aspect and achieve the corresponding technical effects. For details, please refer to the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0068] The fifth aspect of this application provides a communication device including at least one processor for executing computer programs or instructions to enable the device to implement the methods described in any one of the first to second aspects and any possible implementation thereof.

[0069] Optionally, the at least one memory is coupled to a memory used to store computer programs or instructions.

[0070] Optionally, the communication device includes the memory.

[0071] The sixth aspect of this application provides a communication device including at least one logic circuit and an input / output interface; the logic circuit is used to perform the method as described in any one of the possible implementations of the first to second aspects described above.

[0072] The seventh aspect of this application provides a communication system, which includes the first communication device and the second communication device described above.

[0073] An eighth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, perform the method as described in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects described above.

[0074] The ninth aspect of this application provides a computer program product (or computer program) that, when executed by a processor, performs the method described in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects described above.

[0075] The tenth aspect of this application provides a chip or chip system including at least one processor for supporting a communication device in implementing the methods described in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects. For example, the chip may be a baseband chip, a modem chip, a system-on-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core, a system-in-package (SIP) chip, or a communication module, etc.

[0076] In one possible design, the chip or chip system may further include a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary for the communication device. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices. Optionally, the chip system may also include interface circuitry that provides program instructions and / or data to the at least one processor.

[0077] The technical effects of any of the design methods in aspects three through ten can be found in the technical effects of the different design methods in aspects one through two above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0078] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the communication system provided in this application;

[0079] Figures 2a to 2d are some schematic diagrams of the satellite communication process provided in this application;

[0080] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the satellite communication process in the 5G system provided in this application;

[0081] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the communication method provided in this application;

[0082] Figures 5a to 5f are some schematic diagrams showing the application of the communication method provided in this application;

[0083] Figures 6 and 7 are some schematic diagrams showing the application of the communication method provided in this application;

[0084] Figures 8 to 11 are some schematic diagrams of the communication device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0085] First, some terms used in the embodiments of this application will be explained to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0086] (1) Terminal device: can be a wireless terminal device that can receive network device scheduling and instruction information. The wireless terminal device can be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to the user, or a handheld device with wireless connection function, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.

[0087] Terminal devices can be various communication kits with wireless communication capabilities (kits may include, for example, antennas, power supply modules, cables, and Wi-Fi modules). Terminal devices can also be communication modules with satellite communication capabilities, satellite phones or components thereof, and very small aperture terminals (VSATs). Terminal devices can be mobile terminal devices, such as mobile phones (or "cellular" phones), computers, and data cards. For example, they can be portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-embedded, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices that exchange voice and / or data with a wireless access network. Examples include personal communication service (PCS) phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablets, and computers with wireless transceiver capabilities. Wireless terminal equipment can also be referred to as a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), remote station, access point (AP), remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, subscriber station (SS), customer premises equipment (CPE), terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile terminal (MT), drone, etc. Terminal equipment can also be wearable devices and next-generation communication systems, such as terminal equipment in 6G communication systems or terminal equipment in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs). Of course, in this application, terminal equipment can also refer to chips, modems, system-on-a-chip (SoC), or communication platforms that may include radio frequency (RF) components, etc., that are primarily responsible for related communication functions.

[0088] (2) Network equipment: This can be equipment within a wireless network. For example, network equipment can be a RAN node (or device) that connects terminal devices to the wireless network, and can also be called a base station. Currently, some examples of RAN equipment include: base station, evolved NodeB (eNodeB), gNB (gNodeB) in 5G communication systems, transmission reception point (TRP), evolved Node B (eNB), radio network controller (RNC), Node B (NB), home base station (e.g., home evolved Node B, or home Node B, HNB), base band unit (BBU), or wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) access point (AP), etc. In addition, in a network architecture, network equipment can include centralized unit (CU) nodes, distributed unit (DU) nodes, or RAN equipment including CU nodes and DU nodes.

[0089] Optionally, RAN nodes can also be macro base stations, micro base stations, indoor stations, relay nodes, donor nodes, or radio controllers in cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenarios. RAN nodes can also be servers, wearable devices, vehicles, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU).

[0090] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with each RAN node performing a portion of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), CU-control plane (CPs), CU-user plane (UPs), or radio units (RUs), etc. CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs).

[0091] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an open access network (open RAN, O-RAN, or ORAN) system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules.

[0092] Communication between access network devices and terminal devices follows a specific protocol layer structure. This protocol layer may include a control plane protocol layer and a user plane protocol layer. The control plane protocol layer may include at least one of the following: radio resource control (RRC) layer, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer, media access control (MAC) layer, or physical (PHY) layer, etc. The user plane protocol layer may include at least one of the following: service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer, or physical layer, etc.

[0093] The correspondence between network elements and their achievable protocol layer functions in the ORAN system can be found in Table 1 below.

[0094] Table 1

[0095] Network devices can be other devices that provide wireless communication functions for terminal devices. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or form of the network device. For ease of description, the embodiments of this application are not limited.

[0096] Network equipment may also include core network equipment, such as the Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Serving Gateway (S-GW), Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), and Public Data Network Gateway (PDN Gateway, P-GW) in 4th generation (4G) networks; and access and mobility management function (AMF), user plane function (UPF), or session management function (SMF) in 5G networks. Furthermore, this core network equipment may also include other core network equipment in 5G networks and next-generation networks of 5G networks.

[0097] In this embodiment of the application, the network device can also be a network node with artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities, which can provide AI services to terminals or other network devices. For example, it can be an AI node, computing power node, RAN node with AI capabilities, core network element with AI capabilities, etc. on the network side (access network or core network).

[0098] In this application embodiment, the device for implementing the function of the network device can be the network device itself, or it can be a device capable of supporting the network device in implementing that function, such as a chip system, which can be installed in the network device. In the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment, the example of a network device being used to implement the function of the network device is used to describe the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment.

[0099] (3) Configuration and Pre-configuration: In this application, both configuration and pre-configuration are used. Configuration refers to the network device sending configuration information or parameter values ​​of some parameters to the terminal device through messages or signaling, so that the terminal device can determine the communication parameters or resources during transmission based on these values ​​or information. Pre-configuration is similar to configuration; it can be parameter information or parameter values ​​that the network device and the terminal device have negotiated in advance, or it can be parameter information or parameter values ​​that the network device or the terminal device uses as specified by the standard protocol, or it can be parameter information or parameter values ​​that are pre-stored in the network device or the terminal device. This application does not limit this.

[0100] Furthermore, these values ​​and parameters can be changed or updated.

[0101] (4) The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of this application can be used interchangeably. "At least one" means one or more, and "more" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of A, B and C" includes A, B, C, AB, AC, BC or ABC. And, unless otherwise specified, the ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" mentioned in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish multiple objects and are not used to limit the order, sequence, priority or importance of multiple objects.

[0102] (5) In the embodiments of this application, "send" and "receive" indicate the direction of signal transmission. For example, "send information to XX" can be understood as the destination of the information being XX, which may include sending directly through the air interface or sending indirectly through the air interface by other units or modules. "Receive information from YY" can be understood as the source of the information being YY, which may include receiving directly from YY through the air interface or receiving indirectly from YY through the air interface by other units or modules. "Send" can also be understood as the "output" of the chip interface, and "receive" can also be understood as the "input" of the chip interface.

[0103] In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between network devices and terminal devices, or within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within the device via buses, wiring, or interfaces.

[0104] It is understandable that information may undergo necessary processing, such as encoding and modulation, between the source and destination, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar statements in this application can be interpreted in a similar way and will not be elaborated further.

[0105] (6) Geographical region. In the embodiments of this application, a geographic region may be replaced with a region. Herein, a region is fixed relative to the Earth, or it can be understood as a geographic area that is fixed relative to the Earth.

[0106] For example, a region may have at least one of the following attributes: shape, outline, size, radius, area, geographic location, etc. Furthermore, a "region" may also have an altitude attribute, meaning a region can be understood as a geographic area at a given altitude or within a given altitude range. For instance, a region may refer to a geographic area on the ground with an elevation of 0 km or within a range of 0 km ± 2 km, or a geographic area at a certain average altitude, or a geographic area at a specific altitude, such as an elevation of 10 km or within a range of 10 km ± 3 km.

[0107] Alternatively, the aforementioned region fixed relative to the Earth can also be referred to as a "wave position," "geographic region," etc. Of course, other names are also possible, and this application does not specifically limit the name of the region fixed relative to the Earth.

[0108] In one possible implementation, the shapes, outlines, sizes, radii, and areas of different regions may be the same or different. The geographical locations of the different regions may differ. There may or may not overlap between the different regions.

[0109] In one possible implementation, the region being fixed relative to the Earth can be understood as follows: the region's outline, size, or geographical location remains unchanged; for example, the region's outline, size, or geographical location does not change over time. Alternatively, the region being fixed relative to the Earth can be understood as follows: the region's outline and the points within it can be described using a fixed Earth coordinate system, or the coordinates of each point on the region's outline in the fixed Earth coordinate system remain constant.

[0110] In one possible implementation, the shape of the region can be a regular hexagon, or other shapes such as a regular pentagon, circle, ellipse, etc. Alternatively, the shape of the region can also be irregular, without restriction.

[0111] For example, the shape of a region can be defined by a protocol or by a network device. Regions defined by different network devices can have the same or different shapes. The same network device can also define multiple region shapes. Similarly, the size, radius, and area of ​​a region can also be defined by a protocol or by a network device. Regions defined by different network devices can have the same or different sizes, radii, or areas. The same network device can also define multiple region sizes, multiple region radii, or multiple region areas.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the Earth's surface can be divided into multiple regions, and these regions can be indexed (e.g., numbered). Terminal devices and network devices can agree on the numbering method for these regions (e.g., starting from 1 or 0) and the correspondence between regions and indexes. Alternatively, the protocol can define the numbering method for these regions and the correspondence between regions and indexes. Based on the region indexes, information such as the region's geographical location can be determined.

[0113] Optionally, the multiple regions can completely cover the Earth's surface, such as any location on the Earth's surface belonging to a certain region; or, the multiple regions can also cover part of the geographical location on Earth, for example, the multiple regions may not cover the Earth's South Pole and / or North Pole, that is, the South Pole and / or North Pole may not exist in the region.

[0114] Optionally, the method of dividing the network into multiple zones can be defined by a protocol or by the network device. Different network devices can define the same or different division methods. The same network device can also define multiple division methods.

[0115] As a first possible method of partitioning, the Earth's surface can be divided using a latitude and longitude grid with a granularity, for example, a latitude and longitude grid with a granularity of 1 degree. If only this discretization method is used, the globe can be divided into 360×360=129600 regions. Terminal devices and network devices can define the indexes of these 129600 regions as 0,1,…,129599, or they can also define them as 1,2,…,129600.

[0116] Optionally, when introducing the altitude attribute of a geographic region, multiple grids can be defined to divide the Earth's surface. For example, a grid at an altitude of 0 km or within a range of 0 km ± 2 km can be divided into 1-degree latitude and longitude grids, generating 129,600 regions. At an altitude of 10 km or within a range of 10 km ± 3 km, another 1-degree latitude and longitude grid can be used, generating yet another 129,600 regions. When indexing these grids, the index range of a single-layer grid needs to be expanded. For example, the total index could be 0, 1, ..., 129599, 129600, 129601, ..., 259199, where the first 129,600 indices represent the grid index at an altitude of 0 km, and the last 129,600 indices represent the grid index at an altitude of 10 km.

[0117] For example, the granularity of the latitude and longitude grid can be determined based on the type of network device. For instance, a relatively small granularity can be used for discretization when the network device is a LEO satellite, and a relatively large granularity can be used when the network device is a GEO satellite.

[0118] As a second possible method of division, the Earth's surface can be divided using latitude and longitude grids of various granularities. For example, a portion of the Earth's surface or a portion of its administrative region can be divided using a latitude and longitude grid with a granularity of 1 degree, while another portion of the surface or administrative region can be divided using a latitude and longitude grid with a granularity of 2 degrees.

[0119] Alternatively, by introducing the altitude attribute of a geographic region, the Earth's surface can be divided using a latitude and longitude grid with a granularity of 1 degree at an altitude of 0 km, and the Earth's surface can be divided using a latitude and longitude grid with a granularity of 2 degrees at an altitude of 10 km.

[0120] As a third possible method of division, the Earth's surface can be divided by administrative regions. For example, a township-level administrative region could be considered as a region.

[0121] As a fourth possible division method, for GEO satellites, the projection of one of the GEO satellite's beams onto the ground can be considered as a region. Since GEO satellites are stationary relative to the Earth, the projection of the GEO satellite's beams onto the ground can be considered fixed relative to the Earth.

[0122] In practical applications, the Earth's surface can be divided using a combination of different methods. For example, a portion of the Earth's surface or a part of its administrative region can be divided using a latitude and longitude grid with a granularity of 1, while another portion of the surface or administrative region can be divided according to its administrative region.

[0123] In one possible implementation, when the Earth's surface is divided into multiple regions, different levels of region division can be applied to the same surface area. For example, for a given surface area, a first level of region division can be performed using a 10-degree granularity latitude and longitude grid, a second level using a 6-degree granularity grid, and a third level using a 1-degree granularity grid. In this case, within the surface area, the number of regions at the first level is greater than the number at the second level, and the number of regions at the second level is greater than the number at the third level. Furthermore, in this scenario, each level of region can be individually numbered.

[0124] (7) In the embodiments of this application, "instruction" may include direct instruction and indirect instruction, as well as explicit instruction and implicit instruction. The information indicated by a certain piece of information (as described below, the instruction information) is called the information to be instructed. In the specific implementation process, there are many ways to indicate the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly indicating the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly indicate the information to be instructed by indicating other information, where there is an association between the other information and the information to be instructed; or it can only indicate a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts of the information to be instructed are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction can be implemented by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol predefined) arrangement order of various information, thereby reducing the instruction overhead to a certain extent. This application does not limit the specific method of instruction. It is understood that for the sender of the instruction information, the instruction information can be used to indicate the information to be instructed; for the receiver of the instruction information, the instruction information can be used to determine the information to be instructed.

[0125] (8) A radio telescope is a specialized antenna and radio receiver used in radio astronomy to receive radio waves from astronomical radio sources in the sky. Radio telescopes vary greatly in shape, ranging from single-aperture spherical radio telescopes fixed to the ground to satellite-like antennas that can rotate in all directions, to radio telescope arrays, and even radio telescopes made of metal rods. The limiting resolution of an astronomical telescope depends on its aperture and the wavelength used for observation. Larger apertures and shorter wavelengths result in higher resolution.

[0126] Generally, because the signals observed by radio telescopes are very weak, from a communication perspective, a radio telescope is a ground-based receiver with extremely high sensitivity and adjustable receiving direction. It is undesirable for other communication signals on the same frequency to interfere with the direction observed by the radio telescope.

[0127] In this application, unless otherwise specified, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. In the various embodiments of this application, and the various methods / designs / implementations within each embodiment, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments and between the various methods / designs / implementations within each embodiment are consistent and can be mutually referenced. The technical features in different embodiments and the various methods / designs / implementations within each embodiment can be combined to form new embodiments, methods, or implementations based on their inherent logical relationships. The following descriptions of the embodiments of this application do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0128] This application can be applied to long-term evolution (LTE) systems, new radio (NR) systems, or new radio vehicle-to-everything (NR V2X) systems; it can also be applied to systems with hybrid LTE and 5G networks; or device-to-device (D2D) communication systems, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, or drone communication systems; or communication systems supporting multiple wireless technologies, such as LTE and NR technologies; or non-terrestrial communication systems, such as satellite communication systems and high-altitude communication platforms. Optionally, this communication system can also be applied to narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) systems or other communication systems, wherein the communication system includes network devices and terminal devices, with the network devices acting as configuration information sending entities and the terminal devices acting as configuration information receiving entities. Specifically, in this communication system, one entity sends configuration information to another entity and sends data to or receives data from another entity; the other entity receives the configuration information and, based on the configuration information, sends data to or receives data from the entity that sent the configuration information. This application can be applied to terminal devices in a connected or active state, as well as to terminal devices in an inactive or idle state.

[0129] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system 10 used in the embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system includes a radio access network (RAN) 100 and a core network 200. Optionally, the communication system 10 may also include an Internet 300. The RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (110a and 110b in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 110), and may also include at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 120). The RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 1). The terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to the RAN node 110, and the RAN node 110 is wirelessly or wiredly connected to the core network 200. The core network equipment in the core network 200 and the RAN node 110 in the RAN 100 can be independent and different physical devices, or they can be the same physical device integrating the logical functions of the core network equipment and the logical functions of the RAN node. Terminals can be connected to each other, as can RAN nodes, via wired or wireless means.

[0130] It should be noted that the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are applicable to terrestrial communication systems. Alternatively, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are applicable to communication systems that integrate terrestrial and satellite communication, which can also be called non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication systems. For example, RAN100 in Figure 1 may include a terrestrial base station, wherein the terrestrial base station may include a TN cell (i.e., the signal of the TN cell can be transmitted and received through the terrestrial base station); and RAN100 in Figure 1 may also include a non-terrestrial base station, taking a satellite as an example, the satellite may include an NTN cell (i.e., the signal of the NTN cell can be transmitted and received through the satellite). The terrestrial communication system may be, for example, a long term evolution (LTE) system, a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), a 5G communication system, or a new radio (NR) system, or a communication system that is the next step in the development of the 5G communication system, etc., and is not limited here.

[0131] Compared to traditional mobile communication systems, satellite communication offers advantages such as wider coverage, communication costs independent of transmission distance, and the ability to overcome natural geographical barriers like oceans, deserts, and mountains. To overcome the shortcomings of traditional communication networks, satellite communication can serve as an effective supplement. It is generally believed that non-terrestrial network communication has different channel characteristics compared to terrestrial network communication, such as large transmission delays and Doppler frequency offsets. For example, the round-trip time (RTT) of GEO satellite communication is 238–270 milliseconds (ms), while that of LEO satellite communication is 8 ms–20 ms. Based on orbital altitude, satellite communication systems can be classified into three types: geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite communication systems (also known as geosynchronous orbit satellite systems); medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite communication systems; and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems.

[0132] GEO satellites, also known as geostationary orbit satellites, orbit at an altitude of 35,786 kilometers. Their main advantages are relative stationary position and large coverage area. However, GEO satellites also have significant drawbacks: their large distance from Earth necessitates larger antennas; their transmission latency is relatively high, around 0.5 seconds, failing to meet the demands of real-time services; and their orbital resources are relatively scarce, resulting in high launch costs and an inability to provide coverage to polar regions. MEO satellites, orbiting at altitudes between 2,000 and 35,786 km, can achieve global coverage with a relatively small number of satellites, but their transmission latency is higher than that of LEO satellites, and they are primarily used for positioning and navigation. Furthermore, satellites orbiting at altitudes between 300 and 2,000 km are called Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. LEO satellites are lower in altitude than MEO and GEO satellites, resulting in lower data propagation latency, lower power loss, and relatively lower launch costs. Therefore, LEO satellite communication networks have made significant progress and attracted considerable attention in recent years.

[0133] In one possible implementation, satellite equipment can be categorized into transparent mode and regenerative mode based on its operating mode.

[0134] The two modes will be illustrated below using the implementation methods shown in Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d.

[0135] In the transparent transmission mode implementation shown in Figure 2a, the satellite and the gateway station (i.e., the NTN Gateway in Figure 2a) act as relays, specifically the Remote Radio Unit (RTU) shown in Figure 2a. Communication between the terminal equipment and the gNB requires this relay process. In other words, in transparent transmission mode, the satellite has a relay forwarding function.

[0136] For example, in the transparent transmission mode implementation shown in Figure 2b, when the satellite (including GEO satellites, MEO satellites, LEO satellites, etc.) operates in transparent transmission mode, the satellite has a relay forwarding function. The gateway station (or signaling station) has the function of a base station or part of the function of a base station; in this case, the gateway station can be regarded as a base station. Alternatively, the base station can be deployed separately from the gateway station, in which case the delay of the feeder link includes two parts: the delay from the satellite to the gateway station and the delay from the gateway station to the gNB.

[0137] Optionally, the transparent transmission mode can be used as an example where the gateway station and gNB are together or in close proximity. For cases where the gateway station and gNB are far apart, the feeder link delay can be calculated by adding the delay from the satellite to the gateway station and the delay from the gateway station to the gNB.

[0138] As shown in Figure 2c, in the regeneration mode implementation, the satellite and the gateway station (i.e., the NTN Gateway in Figure 2c) act as gNBs and can communicate with the terminal devices. In other words, in regeneration mode, the satellite has the functions of a base station or some of the functions of a base station, and in this case, the satellite can be regarded as a base station.

[0139] For example, in the regeneration mode implementation shown in Figure 2d, when the satellite (including GEO satellites, MEO satellites, LEO satellites, etc.) is working in regeneration mode, compared with the implementation shown in Figure 2b, the satellite has the function of a base station or part of the function of a base station. In this case, the satellite can be regarded as a base station (i.e., an airborne base station).

[0140] Alternatively, in Figures 2b and / or 2d, the satellite can be implemented in other ways, such as by a drone or a high-altitude platform as shown in the figures.

[0141] It should be noted that NTN and terrestrial network base stations can be interconnected through a shared core network. They can also achieve more timely assistance and interconnection through interfaces defined between base stations. In NR, the interface between base stations is called the Xn interface, and the interface between the base station and the core network is called the NG interface. In a converged network, both NTN nodes and terrestrial nodes can achieve interoperability and collaboration through these interfaces.

[0142] Furthermore, satellites acting as network devices can transmit ephemeris information so that the recipient of this ephemeris information (e.g., a terminal device, its base station, or other satellites) can determine relevant information about the satellite's orbit based on the ephemeris information. As one implementation example, the ephemeris information may include one or more of the information in Table 2 below. Alternatively, the terminal device may obtain one or more of the information in Table 2 through pre-configuration.

[0143] Table 2

[0144] It should be noted that, in practical applications, the last parameter in Table 2, the time of near-Earth (t), can be used instead. p The same effect can be achieved by replacing the representation with true anterior angle or level anterior angle, as shown in Table 3.

[0145] Table 3

[0146] It should be noted that this application can be applied to long term evolution (LTE) systems, new radio (NR) systems, or future communication networks / systems.

[0147] Taking 5G as an example, a 5G satellite communication system architecture is shown in Figure 3. Ground terminal equipment accesses the network through the 5G New Radio interface, while 5G base stations are deployed on satellites and connected to the ground core network via wireless links. Simultaneously, wireless links exist between satellites to facilitate signaling interaction and user data transmission between base stations. The devices and interfaces in Figure 3 are described below:

[0148] 5G Core Network: This includes services such as user access control, mobility management, session management, user security authentication, and billing. It consists of multiple functional units, which can be divided into control plane and data plane functional entities. The Access and Mobility Management Unit (AMF) is responsible for user access management, security authentication, and mobility management. The User Plane Unit (UPF) is responsible for managing user plane data transmission and traffic statistics. The Session Management Function (SMF) is mainly used for session management in the mobile network, such as session establishment, modification, and release.

[0149] Ground station: Responsible for forwarding signaling and service data between satellite base stations and the 5G core network.

[0150] 5G New Radio: The wireless link between a terminal and a base station.

[0151] Xn interface: The interface between 5G base stations, mainly used for signaling interactions such as handover.

[0152] NG interface: The interface between 5G base stations and 5G core networks, mainly used for exchanging non-access stratum (NAS) signaling of the core network and user service data.

[0153] Furthermore, network devices in terrestrial network communication systems and satellites in NTN communication systems can be uniformly considered as network devices. The apparatus used to implement the functions of a network device can be a network device itself; it can also be an apparatus capable of supporting the network device in implementing that function, such as a chip system, which can be installed within the network device. In the following description of the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application, a satellite is used as an example to illustrate the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. It is understood that when the methods provided by the embodiments of this application are applied to terrestrial network communication systems, the actions performed by the satellite can be applied to the base station or network device for execution.

[0154] In this application embodiment, the device for implementing the functions of the terminal device can be the terminal device itself; it can also be a device capable of supporting the terminal device in implementing the functions, such as a chip system, which can be installed in the terminal device. In this application embodiment, the chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete devices. In the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment, the device for implementing the functions of the terminal device is a terminal or UE as an example to describe the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment.

[0155] In addition, the aforementioned satellites can be geostationary satellites, non-geostationary satellites, artificial satellites, low-Earth orbit satellites, medium-Earth orbit satellites, and high-Earth orbit satellites, etc., which are not specifically limited here.

[0156] The foregoing content describes various wireless communication scenarios involved in this application. It should be understood that the above content is merely an illustrative description of the scenarios in which this application can be applied, and this application can also be applied to other application scenarios, which are not limited here. The wireless communication process involved in this application will be described below.

[0157] With the development of communication technology, network equipment (as shown in Figure 2a / Figure 2b / Figure 2c / Figure 2d / Figure 3) may not be fixed in a certain place on the ground. For example, the network equipment may be a high-speed mobile device belonging to the NTN cell, including but not limited to drones, high-altitude platforms; or satellite equipment such as low-orbit satellites, medium-orbit satellites and high-orbit satellites.

[0158] However, in NTN scenarios, due to the long distances between different communication devices, the NTN signals transmitted by these devices will inevitably interfere with other systems (such as radio telescope systems, and other communication systems outside the NTN system to which the communication device belongs) during long-distance transmission. The following examples illustrate the potential interference issues associated with NTN signals.

[0159] As an example, co-channel interference can exist between different satellite systems, meaning that the NTN signal of one satellite system may interfere with other satellite systems. Generally, in cellular communications, operators use different spectrums, so there is no risk of co-channel interference between operators. However, the situation is completely different in satellite communications. Historically, LEO satellites and GEO satellites could use the same frequency bands under certain conditions. In recent years, with the emergence of numerous LEO constellations and different LEO satellite systems applying for the same millimeter-wave frequency bands, the risk of co-channel interference between different systems has arisen.

[0160] For example, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has principled design guidelines for avoiding interference between LEO and GEO systems. For instance, GEO satellite systems have higher priority than LEO satellite systems, and LEO satellite systems should avoid interfering with GEO systems. Another example is that LEO satellite systems do not transmit or receive near the communication direction of GEO satellite systems to avoid "coaxial interference."

[0161] Furthermore, unlike the issue of avoiding co-channel interference between GEO and LEO satellites, there is currently no discussion on methods for coexistence between LEO systems. Specifically, when applying for frequency and orbital resources, new LEO satellite constellations need to coordinate with existing LEO satellite systems to ensure that interference remains within a low range. Without any interference coordination, random interference may occur between different LEO satellite systems, and the severity of the interference is related to user density and satellite scale.

[0162] As another example, there can be interference issues between satellite systems and radio telescopes; that is, the NTN signal from a satellite system can potentially interfere with the radio telescope system. For instance, a signal emitted by a satellite system can cause strong interference once it enters the receiving beam of a radio telescope. Because radio telescopes have very high receiving sensitivity, even a small amount of energy from the satellite beam can interfere with the radio telescope's observations.

[0163] For example, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires practical measures to prevent radio telescope systems from being interfered with by spaceborne or airborne systems. These measures include taking all feasible steps to protect the radio astronomy service from harmful interference. Emissions from spaceborne or airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to the radio astronomy service. In such cases, satellites cannot transmit signals at the same frequency as the radio telescope, nor can they transmit signals at adjacent frequencies.

[0164] Furthermore, the ITU imposes very clear restrictions on the signal strength at different frequencies entering a radio telescope. For example, around 2 GHz, the power factor (PFD) entering the radio telescope must be below -210 dBW / m² / MHz. However, the in-band signal strength of typical communication satellites is -80 to -90 dBW / m² / MHz, and the out-of-band leakage signal strength (according to FCC regulations) is no higher than -120 dBW / m² / MHz, which is still far above the ITU's restrictions. Therefore, even if the beam of a communication satellite operates on a frequency adjacent to that of the radio telescope, it cannot transmit signals directly in the direction in which the radio telescope receives the signal.

[0165] As the above process shows, NTN signals may interfere with other systems (such as other satellite systems, radio telescope systems, etc.). Current satellite communication systems lack the corresponding signaling capabilities for real-time control and management of satellite beams. Therefore, it is necessary to limit satellite communication capabilities on a larger scale (e.g., restricting the satellite communication system from sending any signals in the direction associated with the other system at any given time). Taking radio telescope systems as an example, to avoid interference, the radio telescope system and the satellite system negotiate the observation time and the satellite system's beam service strategy. Based on the negotiation results, the satellite system controls the beam emitted by the satellite to prevent the signals emitted by the satellite system from interfering with the radio telescope system (e.g., restricting the satellite communication system from sending any signals in the direction that may interfere with the radio telescope system at any given time). However, while this approach can avoid interference, its poor timeliness and high degree of service disruption make this interference avoidance method potentially unsuitable.

[0166] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a communication method and related apparatus, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0167] Please refer to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of an implementation of the communication method provided in this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0168] It should be understood that the following description uses different communication devices as examples to illustrate the method, but this application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction. For example, any of the first to fourth communication devices can be a communication device, or a component of the communication device (e.g., a chip, baseband chip, modem chip, SoC chip containing a modem core, SIP chip, communication module, chip system, processor, logic module, or software, etc.).

[0169] As an example, the first communication device can be a network device, and the second communication device can be other network devices, servers, or operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) devices used to manage / control / schedule the threshold of the transmission power of the NTN signal sent by the network device.

[0170] As another example, the first communication device can be a terminal device, and the second communication device can be a network device, server, or OAM device, etc., used to manage / control / schedule the threshold of the transmission power of the NTN signal sent by the terminal device.

[0171] Optionally, the aforementioned network equipment can be an access network device, which can be an ORAN network element.

[0172] For example, the first communication device can be an access network device. The access network device may include an O-CU, an O-DU, and an O-RU. In step S401 below, the first communication device can receive first information through the O-RU. In step S402 below, the first communication device can generate an NTN signal through the O-CU and / or the O-DU, and control the O-RU to transmit the NTN signal through the O-CU and / or the O-DU.

[0173] For example, the second communication device can be an access network device. The access network device may include an O-CU, an O-DU, and an O-RU. In step S401 below, the second communication device can generate first information through the O-CU and / or the O-DU, and control the O-RU to send the first information through the O-CU and / or the O-DU.

[0174] S401. The second communication device sends first information, and correspondingly, the first communication device receives the first information. The first information is used to indicate a threshold value for the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range.

[0175] Optionally, the first and second communication devices can transmit communication signals (e.g., messages, signaling, or data), and these communication signals and the first information can be transmitted through the same link. In other words, the second communication device can send the first information through the communication link between the two communication devices, which can be called an accompanying control link. In this way, the communication link between the first and second communication devices can be reused to transmit the first information. For example, when the first communication device is a UE or mobile termination (MT) (or a device containing an MT) and the second communication device is a network device, the first information can be transmitted through the downlink, for example, through downlink control information (DCI), medium access control control element (MAC CE), radio resource control (RRC) signaling, etc.

[0176] Optionally, the device containing the MT can be implemented in various ways. For example, the device can be a network controlled repeater (NCR) containing the MT and forwarding (Fwd), an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) containing the MT and DU, an NTN node containing the MT and forwarding unit (FU), or a terrestrial relay node containing the MT and FU, etc.

[0177] For example, as shown in Figure 5a, taking the NCR as an example, the NCR includes an MT part (denoted as NCR-MT in the figure) and an Fwd part (denoted as NCR-Fwd in the figure). NCR-MT can be considered as a UE, and NCR-Fwd can be considered as an amplify and forward (AF) device / module. For example, the UE and AF are bundled together to form the NCR. Generally, in the NCR, the UE has relatively weak capabilities, used to receive signaling / information / messages (such as the first information involved in this application) from network devices (e.g., gNB) via the control link for functions such as adjusting transmit power and beam pointing, and / or to send request / response signaling / information / messages (such as the second information involved in this application) to network devices via the control link. Furthermore, the AF may not process the data; the AF can forward the data according to the instructions received by the bundled UE. In this way, compared to traditional AF, the NCR can achieve a certain resource scheduling capability at a lower cost. Optionally, the NCR can communicate with other terminal devices (such as UEs) via an access link.

[0178] S402. The first communication device sends an NTN signal based on the first information.

[0179] It should be noted that the first communication device transmitting an NTN signal based on the first information can be understood as the first communication device transmitting an NTN signal with a signal power lower than or equal to the threshold indicated by the first information within a first angular range. Optionally, the receiver of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device can be a terminal device or a network device.

[0180] Optionally, if the threshold indicated by the first information is 0 or close to 0, the NTN signal sent by the first communication device based on the threshold may not be successfully received or parsed by the receiving end. Therefore, in this case, the process of the first communication device sending the NTN signal based on the first information in step S402 can be replaced by: the first communication device not sending the NTN signal (or determined not to be within the first angle range) based on the first information, or the first communication device remaining silent within the first angle range based on the first information.

[0181] In this application, transmission power may be replaced by other terms, such as power, signal power, signal transmission power, energy, signal energy, or signal transmission energy.

[0182] Optionally, the transmission power threshold includes at least one of the following: effective isotropic radiation power (EIRP) threshold, power flux density (PFD) threshold, adjacent channel leakage ratio (ALCR) threshold, or out-of-band PFD threshold.

[0183] Based on the scheme shown in Figure 4, the first information received by the first communication device in step S401 can indicate a threshold for the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range. In step S402, the first communication device can transmit the NTN signal based on the threshold indicated by the first information. In other words, the first communication device transmits an NTN signal with a signal power lower than or equal to the threshold within a specific angular range based on the indication of the first information. Generally, in NTN scenarios, due to the long distance between different communication devices and the large signal path loss, the NTN signal may require a large transmission power. In the above scheme, the first information received by the first communication device can limit the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device. In this way, the signal power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the specified angular range will be lower than or equal to the threshold specified by the first information, which can reduce or minimize the interference of the NTN signal on the signal transmission of other systems (such as radio telescope systems, other communication systems other than the NTN system to which the first communication device belongs) within the specified angular range, thereby improving the signal transmission performance of these other systems.

[0184] It should be noted that the method shown in Figure 4 can be applied to various scenarios. For example, this scenario can include situations where the capacity of inter-satellite links (ISL) in hotspot areas of future high-throughput satellite networks is limited, and where it is difficult to deploy ground equipment connecting to the network in uninhabited areas. Some implementation examples will be introduced below.

[0185] As an example scenario, ground-based network devices can act as relays for inter-satellite forwarding, and these network devices can also provide services to UEs.

[0186] As shown in Figure 5b, the network equipment located on the ground can be a terrestrial base station. Transceiver equipment supporting the relaying of satellite signals is deployed on the terrestrial base station; this equipment can be called a terrestrial relaying device (as shown in the example of the BS & relaying equipment in a remote area). This scenario is applicable to situations where existing terrestrial base stations are deployed. For example, a terrestrial relay device can act as a relay for inter-satellite data transmission, forwarding the NTN signal from one satellite to another; a terrestrial relay device can also act as a UE (User Equipment) surrounding the BS service, processing signals sent by the UE to the satellite into NTN signals and forwarding them to the satellite, or forwarding NTN signals sent by the satellite to the UE to the UE.

[0187] It should be understood that in the example shown in Figure 5b, devices such as BS, UE, BS & forwarding equipment, and GW can transmit NTN signals. Any of these devices can act as the first communication device mentioned above and transmit NTN signals through the threshold indicated by the first information, so as to avoid or reduce the interference of the signals transmitted by these devices on the signal transmission of other systems.

[0188] As another example of a scenario, ground-based network devices (including ground in land areas and / or ground in marine areas, etc.) can act as relays for inter-satellite relays, and these network devices are capable of serving as ground relays for inter-satellite signal transmission.

[0189] As shown in Figure 5c, network devices located in marine areas can serve as ground relay devices suitable for deployment in uninhabited land areas or marine environments where there may be few or no users nearby.

[0190] It should be understood that in the example shown in Figure 5c, devices such as the UE located in the ocean area, the strong terrestrial relay, and the GW & BS located in the land area can transmit NTN signals. Any of these devices can act as the aforementioned first communication device and transmit NTN signals through the threshold indicated by the first information, so as to avoid or reduce the interference of the signals transmitted by these devices on the signal transmission of other systems.

[0191] As described above, ground relay equipment and satellites can be categorized into transparent and regenerative modes based on their operating modes. In transparent mode, the equipment amplifies and forwards radio frequency signals and performs frequency shifting. In regenerative mode, the equipment has data processing capabilities (including encoding / decoding, reassembly, and retransmission), functioning as a base station or partially as a base station (e.g., IAB node, gNB-DU, or UE relay). For example, depending on whether the satellite and ground relay equipment have processing capabilities, there are several potential architectures, which will be described below with reference to the examples shown in Figures 5d to 5f.

[0192] Figure 5d illustrates an example of a fully transparent transmission architecture. Both the satellite and ground relay equipment are transparent transmission devices, without performing data encoding / decoding, reassembly, or retransmission. The BS node perceived by the UE is the ground-based BS (gNB in ​​the figure).

[0193] Figure 5e illustrates one example of a fully regenerative architecture. Both satellite and ground relay equipment are regenerative devices; each node can perform data encoding / decoding, reassembly, and retransmission. The node perceived by the UE is the satellite serving that UE; that is, the node perceived by the UE is the BS node closest to the UE in the multi-hop link.

[0194] Figure 5f illustrates an example of a partially regenerated and partially transparent architecture. Some satellite and ground relay equipment are transparent nodes, while others are regenerated nodes. For example, using satellites as transparent nodes and ground relays as regenerated nodes can minimize payload costs while maintaining similar performance. The node perceived by the UE is the BS node closest to the UE in the multi-hop link.

[0195] It should be understood that in the examples shown in Figures 5d to 5f, devices such as UE, satellite, and gNB can transmit NTN signals. Any of these devices can act as the first communication device described above and transmit NTN signals through the threshold indicated by the first information, so as to avoid or reduce the interference of the signals transmitted by these devices on the signal transmission of other systems.

[0196] In one possible implementation of the method shown in Figure 4, the first information received by the first communication device in step S401 includes at least one of the following:

[0197] The first indication information indicates the range of the first angle;

[0198] The second indication information indicates the effective time corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power;

[0199] The third indication information indicates the effective frequency point corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power; or

[0200] The fourth indication information indicates the effective polarization information corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power.

[0201] Therefore, the first information received by the first communication device may include at least one of the above-mentioned items, thereby reducing the interference generated by the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device based on the at least one item.

[0202] Optionally, the first information may carry at least one of the above information through tables, indexes, formulas, or other means.

[0203] Optionally, the first indication information may indicate the first angular range in a variety of ways, for example, the first indication information may indicate at least one of the following:

[0204] ① The azimuth angle range of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range;

[0205] ② The angular range of the pitch angle of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range (optionally, the pitch angle may include depression and / or elevation angles); or

[0206] ③ The area covered by the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range.

[0207] For example, azimuth can be the angle between a reference direction (commonly north) on a defined horizontal plane and the line of sight. Alternatively, the angle between the vector projected orthogonally from the observer (origin) to the point of interest onto a reference plane and the projection vector and the reference vector (north) on the reference plane is called azimuth. Optionally, azimuth can be replaced with azimuth direction or other terms.

[0208] For example, a pitch angle can include a depression angle and / or an elevation angle. For instance, if the line of sight is above the horizontal line, the angle between the line of sight and the horizontal line is called the elevation angle. The opposite concept to the elevation angle is: if the line of sight is below the horizontal line, the angle between the line of sight and the horizontal line is called the depression angle.

[0209] It should be noted that the first communication device can be implemented in many different ways, and the first information obtained by the first communication device may be different. The following will describe this with some examples.

[0210] Example 1: The first communication device is an NTN node such as a satellite, drone, or high-altitude platform. The first information can be configured by the signal transmission direction of the NTN node sending NTN signals.

[0211] In Example 1, the second communication device can send first information to the NTN node via the in-line control link. When the NTN node transmits a beam, the transmission energy in a given time and direction does not exceed the configured radio frequency threshold.

[0212] For example, in the implementation of Example 1, the first information is carried through a table, as shown in Table 4 below.

[0213] Table 4

[0214] It should be understood that in Table 4, the service angle range is an example of the first indication information mentioned above (e.g., ① and ②), the time range is an example of the second indication information mentioned above, the frequency point is an example of the third indication information mentioned above, and the EIRP threshold, landing PFD threshold, ALCR threshold, and out-of-band landing PFD threshold are examples of the thresholds indicated by the first information.

[0215] It should be noted that the service angle range can be achieved in various ways, which will be described below with some examples.

[0216] As an example, as shown in Figure 6, the forward direction of the NTN node (i.e., the satellite's forward direction) is the x-axis, and the geocentric direction is the z-axis. The service angle range can be described using the azimuth angle (Phi) and elevation angle (Theta) of the agreed coordinate system.

[0217] As another example, the service angle range can also be achieved in other ways, as shown in Table 5 below.

[0218] Table 5

[0219] In Table 5, the spatial angles seen by the satellite can be discretized and pre-configured or pre-defined with discrete numbers. Using numbers or indexes to represent the range of service angles can reduce indication overhead.

[0220] Furthermore, in Table 4, the time range can indicate absolute time, or it can be the relative time built into the communication system, such as the system frame number (SFN), or implemented in other ways, which are not limited here.

[0221] Alternatively, the time range can also be achieved in other ways, as shown in Table 6 below.

[0222] Table 6

[0223] In Table 6, the numbering of time patterns can be pre-configured or predefined. Using numbers or indices to represent time ranges can reduce indication overhead.

[0224] Optionally, in Table 4, either the EIRP threshold or the landing PFD threshold can be selected.

[0225] Optionally, in Table 4, the ALCR threshold may include multiple values, such as first neighboring frequency, second neighboring frequency, with the first neighboring frequency distance being the most commonly used in the table.

[0226] Optionally, Table 4 may include multiple out-of-band landing PFD thresholds, such as the first adjacent frequency out-of-band landing PFD, the second adjacent frequency out-of-band landing PFD, and the second harmonic landing PFD. The table uses the commonly used first adjacent frequency as an example.

[0227] Example 2: The first communication device is a ground node such as a ground base station or a ground relay node (UE). The first information can be configured by the signal transmission direction of the NTN signal sent by the ground node.

[0228] In Example 2, the second communication device can send first information to the ground node via the in-line control link. When the ground node sends a beam, the transmission energy in a given time and direction does not exceed the configured radio frequency threshold.

[0229] For example, in Example 2, the first information is carried through a table, as shown in Table 7 below.

[0230] Table 7

[0231] It should be understood that in Table 7, the service angle range is an example of the first indication information (e.g., ① and ②) mentioned above, the time range is an example of the second indication information mentioned above, the frequency point is an example of the third indication information mentioned above, and the EIRP threshold, ALCR threshold, and out-of-band power are examples of the thresholds indicated by the first information.

[0232] It should be noted that the service angle range can be achieved in various ways, which will be described below with some examples.

[0233] As an example, as shown in Figure 7, the x-axis represents east, the y-axis represents north, and the z-axis represents directly above. The service angle range can be described using the azimuth angle (Phi, denoted as φ in the figure) and the pitch angle (Theta, denoted as θ in the figure) of the agreed coordinate system.

[0234] As another example, the service angle range can also be implemented in other ways, as shown in Table 8 below.

[0235] Table 8

[0236] In Table 8, the spatial angles seen by ground nodes can be discretized and pre-configured or pre-defined with discrete numbers. Using numbers or indices to represent the range of service angles can reduce indication overhead.

[0237] Furthermore, in Table 7, the time range can indicate absolute time, or it can be the relative time built into the communication system, such as the system frame number (SFN), or implemented in other ways, which are not limited here.

[0238] Alternatively, the time range can also be achieved in other ways, as shown in Table 9 below.

[0239] Table 9

[0240] In Table 9, time pattern numbers can be pre-configured or predefined. Using numbers or indices to represent time ranges can reduce indication overhead.

[0241] Optionally, in Table 7, the ALCR threshold may include one or more, such as first neighboring frequency, second neighboring frequency, with the first neighboring frequency distance commonly used in the table.

[0242] Optionally, in Table 7, out-of-band power may include one or more, such as first adjacent frequency band out-of-band power, second adjacent frequency band out-of-band power, and second harmonic power.

[0243] In Example 3, the first communication device can be an NTN node or a ground node, and the first information can be configured from the direction of the radio telescope system or other protected systems.

[0244] In Example 3, the second communication device sends first information to the ground node or NTN node via the in-line control link. The ground node or NTN node transmits a beam according to the first information, and the beam radiation characteristics in the radio telescope area meet the threshold required by the configuration.

[0245] For example, in Implementation Example 1, the first information is carried through a table, as shown in Table 10 below.

[0246] Table 10

[0247] It should be understood that in Table 10, the service angle range is an example of the first indication information mentioned above (e.g., ③) (lat represents latitude, long represents longitude), the time range is an example of the second indication information mentioned above, the frequency point is an example of the third indication information mentioned above, and the EIRP threshold, landing PFD threshold, ALCR threshold, and out-of-band landing PFD threshold are examples of the thresholds indicated by the first information.

[0248] Optionally, in Table 10, the geographical region can be described directly (latitude and longitude) or described using the index described in the preceding terminology introduction.

[0249] Furthermore, in Table 10, the time range can indicate absolute time, or it can be the relative time built into the communication system, such as the system frame number (SFN), or implemented in other ways, which are not limited here.

[0250] Alternatively, the time range can also be implemented in other ways, as shown in Table 11 below.

[0251] Table 11

[0252] Optionally, in Table 10, either the EIRP threshold or the landing PFD threshold can be selected.

[0253] Optionally, in Table 10, the ALCR threshold may include one or more, such as first neighboring frequency, second neighboring frequency, with the first neighboring frequency distance commonly used in the table;

[0254] Optionally, Table 10 may include one or more out-of-band grounding PFD thresholds, such as the first adjacent frequency out-of-band grounding PFD, the second adjacent frequency out-of-band grounding PFD, and the second harmonic grounding power. The table uses the commonly used first adjacent frequency as an example.

[0255] In one possible implementation, the method shown in Figure 4 further includes:

[0256] Step S400. The first communication device sends second information, and correspondingly, the second communication device receives the second information. The second information is used to request the first information.

[0257] In other words, the first communication device can also send a second message requesting the first information, enabling the recipient of the second message (e.g., the second communication device) to provide the first information to the first communication device based on the request of the second message. In this way, the first communication device can proactively obtain the transmission threshold of the NTN signal through the request message, thereby reducing the interference of the NTN signal sent by the first communication device to other systems.

[0258] Optionally, the first communication device may periodically send the second information.

[0259] Optionally, the first communication device may trigger the transmission of the second information based on a certain triggering condition.

[0260] For example, the triggering condition could be: if the energy of other signals received by the first communication device within a certain angle range (e.g., the first angle range) is greater than a certain threshold, then the first communication device can determine that it needs to request the first information through the second information in order to send the NTN signal through the threshold indicated by the first information, thereby avoiding or reducing interference with the transmission process of the other signals.

[0261] For example, the triggering condition could be: the first communication device determines that it will send an NTN signal to a certain angular range (e.g., a first angular range). To avoid the NTN signal to be sent interfering with other systems, the first communication device can request the first information through the second information to send the NTN signal at the threshold indicated by the first information, thereby avoiding or reducing interference with the transmission of other signals.

[0262] Optionally, in the above process, the second information sent by the first communication device in step S400 includes the status information of the first communication device, which is used to determine the first information. In other words, the second information used to request the first information may include the status information of the first communication device, so that the recipient of the second information can provide the first communication device with first information that matches the status information of the first communication device based on the request of the second information, so that the first communication device can subsequently perform the corresponding signal transmission process based on the first information.

[0263] Optionally, the above status information is used to indicate at least one of the following:

[0264] The location of the first communication device (e.g., a second message subsequently sent by the second communication device indicates an angle and / or threshold applicable to that location);

[0265] The correspondence between the position and time of the first communication device (for example, the correspondence can be indicated by the ephemeris information of the satellite, and the second information sent by the subsequent second communication device indicates the angle and / or threshold applicable to the ephemeris of the satellite).

[0266] The first communication device supports the frequency point or frequency domain resources of the communication beam (e.g., the second information sent by the subsequent second communication device indicates the angle and / or threshold applicable to the frequency point or frequency domain resources);

[0267] The scanning angle range of the communication beam supported by the first communication device (e.g., the second information sent by the subsequent second communication device indicates a first angle range contained within the scanning angle range);

[0268] The transmit power of the communication beam supported by the first communication device (e.g., the second information transmitted by the subsequent second communication device indicates a threshold within the range of that transmit power); or

[0269] The out-of-band radiated power of the communication beam supported by the first communication device (e.g., a threshold included in the range of the out-of-band radiated power in a second message subsequently sent by the second communication device).

[0270] Optionally, if the beam transmission power information carried by the second information does not exceed the radiation limit information, the second communication device may not send the corresponding configuration information (i.e., the first information) to save overhead.

[0271] Please refer to Figure 8. This application embodiment provides a communication device 800, which includes a transceiver unit 802 and a processing unit 801.

[0272] It should be understood that the communication device 800 can perform the functions of any communication device (e.g., the first communication device or the second communication device) in the above method embodiments, and therefore can also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of this application, the communication device 800 can be any communication device in the above method embodiments, or it can be an integrated circuit or component, such as a chip, inside any communication device in the above method embodiments.

[0273] In one possible implementation, when the device 800 is used to execute the method performed by the first communication device in the foregoing embodiments, the transceiver unit 802 is used to receive first information, which is used to indicate a threshold of the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device in a first angular range; the transceiver unit 802 is used to transmit the NTN signal based on the first information.

[0274] In another possible implementation, when the device 800 is used to perform the method executed by the network device in the foregoing embodiments, the processing unit 801 is used to determine first information, which is used to indicate the threshold of the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device in a first angular range; the transceiver unit 802 is used to transmit the first information.

[0275] It should be noted that the information execution process and corresponding technical effects of the unit of the above-mentioned communication device 800 can be specifically described in the method embodiments shown above in this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0276] Please refer to Figure 9, which is another schematic structural diagram of the communication device 900 provided in this application. The communication device 900 includes at least an input / output interface 901. The communication device 900 can be a chip or an integrated circuit.

[0277] Optionally, the communication device also includes logic circuitry 902.

[0278] In Figure 8, the transceiver unit 802 can be a communication interface, which can be the input / output interface 901 in Figure 9. The input / output interface 901 can include an input interface and an output interface. Alternatively, the communication interface can also be a transceiver circuit, which can include an input interface circuit and an output interface circuit.

[0279] Optionally, the input / output interface 901 is used to receive first information, which indicates a threshold value of the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range; the logic circuit 902 is used to transmit the NTN signal based on the first information.

[0280] Optionally, logic circuit 902 is used to determine first information, which indicates a threshold value of the transmission power of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range; input / output interface 901 is used to transmit the first information.

[0281] The logic circuit 902 and the input / output interface 901 can execute the method executed by any of the communication devices (e.g., terminal devices or network devices) in the aforementioned method embodiments and achieve the corresponding beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0282] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 801 shown in FIG8 can be the logic circuit 902 in FIG9.

[0283] Optionally, the logic circuit 902 can be a processing device, the functions of which can be partially or entirely implemented in software.

[0284] Optionally, the processing apparatus may include a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor reads and executes the computer program stored in the memory to perform the corresponding processing and / or steps in any of the method embodiments.

[0285] Optionally, the processing device may consist of only a processor. A memory for storing computer programs is located outside the processing device, and the processor is connected to the memory via circuitry / wires to read and execute the computer programs stored in the memory. The memory and processor may be integrated together or physically independent of each other.

[0286] Optionally, the processing device may be one or more chips, or one or more integrated circuits. For example, the processing device may be one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), system-on-chips (SoCs), central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontroller units (MCUs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), or other integrated chips, or any combination of the above chips or processors.

[0287] Please refer to Figure 10, which shows the communication device 1000 involved in the above embodiments provided in the embodiments of this application. Specifically, the communication device 1000 can be any of the communication devices in the above embodiments.

[0288] The present invention provides a possible logical structure diagram of the communication device 1000, which may include, but is not limited to, at least one processor 1001 and a communication interface 1002.

[0289] Further optionally, the device may also include at least one of a memory 1003 and a bus 1004. In the embodiments of this application, the at least one processor 1001 is used to control the operation of the communication device 1000.

[0290] Furthermore, the processor 1001 can be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. The processor can also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, etc. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0291] It should be noted that the communication device 1000 shown in Figure 10 can be used to implement the steps implemented by the terminal device in the aforementioned method embodiments and to achieve the corresponding technical effects of the terminal device. The specific implementation of the communication device shown in Figure 10 can be referred to the description in the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0292] Please refer to Figure 11, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device involved in the above embodiments provided in the embodiments of this application. The communication device can specifically be the network device in the above embodiments, and the structure of the communication device can be referred to the structure shown in Figure 11.

[0293] The communication device includes at least one processor 1111 and at least one network interface 1114.

[0294] Optionally, the communication device further includes at least one memory 1112, at least one transceiver 1113, and one or more antennas 1115. The processor 1111, memory 1112, transceiver 1113, and network interface 1114 are connected, for example, via a bus. In this embodiment, the connection may include various interfaces, transmission lines, or buses, etc., and this embodiment is not limited thereto. The antenna 1115 is connected to the transceiver 1113. The network interface 1114 is used to enable the communication device to communicate with other communication devices through a communication link. For example, the network interface 1114 may include a network interface between the communication device and core network equipment, such as an S1 interface. The network interface may also include a network interface between the communication device and other communication devices (e.g., other network devices or core network equipment), such as an X2 or Xn interface.

[0295] The processor 1111 is primarily used to process communication protocols and communication data, control the entire communication device, execute software programs, and process data from the software programs, for example, to support the actions described in the embodiments of the communication device. The communication device may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor is primarily used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU is primarily used to control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process data from the software programs. The processor 1111 in Figure 11 can integrate the functions of both a baseband processor and a CPU. Those skilled in the art will understand that the baseband processor and CPU can also be independent processors interconnected via technologies such as buses. Those skilled in the art will understand that a terminal device may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, and multiple CPUs to enhance its processing capabilities. Various components of the terminal device can be connected via various buses. The baseband processor can also be described as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The CPU can also be described as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing communication protocols and communication data can be built into the processor or stored in memory as a software program, which is then executed by the processor to implement the baseband processing function.

[0296] The memory is primarily used to store software programs and data. The memory 1112 can exist independently or be connected to the processor 1111. Optionally, the memory 1112 can be integrated with the processor 1111, for example, integrated into a single chip. The memory 1112 can store program code that executes the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and its execution is controlled by the processor 1111. The various types of computer program code being executed can also be considered as drivers for the processor 1111.

[0297] Figure 11 shows only one memory and one processor. In actual terminal devices, there may be multiple processors and multiple memories. Memory can also be called storage medium or storage device, etc. Memory can be a storage element on the same chip as the processor, i.e., an on-chip storage element, or it can be a separate storage element; the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0298] Transceiver 1113 can be used to support the reception or transmission of radio frequency signals between a communication device and a terminal. Transceiver 1113 can be connected to antenna 1115. Transceiver 1113 includes a transmitter Tx and a receiver Rx. Specifically, one or more antennas 1115 can receive radio frequency signals. The receiver Rx of transceiver 1113 is used to receive the radio frequency signals from the antennas, convert the radio frequency signals into digital baseband signals or digital intermediate frequency signals, and provide the digital baseband signals or digital intermediate frequency signals to processor 1111 so that processor 1111 can perform further processing on the digital baseband signals or digital intermediate frequency signals, such as demodulation and decoding. In addition, the transmitter Tx in transceiver 1113 is also used to receive the modulated digital baseband signals or digital intermediate frequency signals from processor 1111, convert the modulated digital baseband signals or digital intermediate frequency signals into radio frequency signals, and transmit the radio frequency signals through one or more antennas 1115. Specifically, the receiver Rx can selectively perform one or more stages of downmixing and analog-to-digital conversion on the radio frequency signal to obtain a digital baseband signal or a digital intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The order of these downmixing and IF conversion processes is adjustable. The transmitter Tx can selectively perform one or more stages of upmixing and digital-to-analog conversion on the modulated digital baseband signal or digital IF signal to obtain a radio frequency signal. The order of these upmixing and IF conversion processes is also adjustable. The digital baseband signal and the digital IF signal can be collectively referred to as digital signals.

[0299] The transceiver 1113 can also be called an interface unit, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver device, interface module, etc. Optionally, the device in the interface unit that implements the receiving function can be regarded as the receiving unit, and the device in the interface unit that implements the transmitting function can be regarded as the transmitting unit. That is, the interface unit includes a receiving unit and a transmitting unit. The receiving unit can also be called a receiver, input port, receiving circuit, etc., and the transmitting unit can be called a transmitter, transmitter, or transmitting circuit, etc.

[0300] It should be noted that the communication device shown in Figure 11 can be used to implement the steps implemented by the network device in the aforementioned method embodiments and to achieve the corresponding technical effects of the network device. The specific implementation of the communication device shown in Figure 11 can be referred to the descriptions in the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0301] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a computer, the processor performs the method as described in any possible implementation of a communication device (e.g., a terminal device or a network device) in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0302] This application also provides a computer program product (or computer program) including instructions. When the instructions in the computer program product are executed by a processor, the processor performs a method that may be implemented by any of the communication devices (e.g., terminal devices or network devices) described in the above method embodiments.

[0303] This application also provides a chip system including at least one processor for implementing the functions involved in any possible implementation of the communication device (e.g., terminal device or network device) in the above method embodiments.

[0304] Optionally, the chip system further includes interface circuitry that provides program instructions and / or data to the at least one processor. In one possible design, the chip system may also include a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary for the terminal device. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete components.

[0305] In one possible design, the chip system may further include a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary for any of the communication devices described in the above method embodiments. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete components.

[0306] This application also provides a communication system, the network system architecture of which includes a first communication device and a second communication device in any of the above embodiments.

[0307] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are illustrative; for instance, the division of units is a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0308] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0309] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated units can be implemented in hardware or as software functional units. If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the essential contribution of the technical solution of this application, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0310] The above description is merely a specific implementation of the embodiments of this application, but the protection scope of the embodiments of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first communication device, and the method includes: Receive first information, the first information being used to indicate a threshold value for the transmission power of the non-terrestrial network (NTN) signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range; The NTN signal is sent based on the first information.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first information includes at least one of the following: The first indication information indicates the first angle range; The second indication information indicates the effective time corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power; The third indication information indicates the effective frequency point corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power; or The fourth indication information indicates the effective polarization information corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates at least one of the following: The azimuth angle range of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range; The angular range of the pitch angle of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range; or The area covered by the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The threshold for transmission power includes at least one of the following: Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) threshold, Ground-based Power Flux Density (PFD) threshold, Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ALCR) threshold, or Out-of-band Ground-based PFD threshold.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a second message, which is used to request the first message.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second information includes the status information of the first communication device, which is used to determine the first information.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The status information is used to indicate at least one of the following: The location of the first communication device; The correspondence between the location and time of the first communication device; The frequency points of the communication beams supported by the first communication device; The scanning angle range of the communication beam supported by the first communication device; The transmit power of the communication beam supported by the first communication device; or The out-of-band radiated power of the communication beam supported by the first communication device.

8. A communication method, characterized in that, include: Determine first information, which is used to indicate a threshold value for the transmission power of the non-terrestrial network (NTN) signal transmitted by the first communication device within a first angular range; Send the first message.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first information includes at least one of the following: The first indication information indicates the first angle range; The second indication information indicates the effective time corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power; The third indication information indicates the effective frequency point corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power; or The fourth indication information indicates the effective polarization information corresponding to the threshold of the transmission power.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates at least one of the following: The azimuth angle range of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range; The angular range of the pitch angle of the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range; or The area covered by the NTN signal transmitted by the first communication device within the first angular range.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, The threshold for transmission power includes at least one of the following: Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) threshold, Ground-based Power Flux Density (PFD) threshold, Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ALCR) threshold, or Out-of-band Ground-based PFD threshold.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive second information, which is used to request the first information.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second information includes the status information of the first communication device, which is used to determine the first information.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The status information is used to indicate at least one of the following: The location of the first communication device; The correspondence between the location and time of the first communication device; The frequency points of the communication beams supported by the first communication device; The scanning angle range of the communication beam supported by the first communication device; The transmit power of the communication beam supported by the first communication device; or The out-of-band radiated power of the communication beam supported by the first communication device.

15. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor; the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory; the at least one processor is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. A chip or chip system, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor, said at least one processor being used to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.

17. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

18. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a communication device, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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