A modified dual-targeting t cell receptor complex and its pharmaceutical application thereof
The modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex addresses the limitations of CAR-T and TCR-T therapies by simultaneously targeting multiple tumor antigens, enhancing T-cell activation and persistence, thereby improving treatment efficacy against solid tumors.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SCG CELL THERAPY PTE LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing CAR-T and TCR-T cell therapies face challenges in treating solid tumors due to antigen loss, insufficient single-target targeting, tumor antigenic heterogeneity, and inhibitory immune microenvironments, leading to incomplete eradication and tumor escape.
A modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex comprising a TCR and a TCR fusion protein that binds to both antigenic peptides presented by MHC molecules and tumor-specific membrane proteins, enhancing targeting efficacy by recognizing multiple antigens and activating T cells through natural pathways.
The dual-targeting TCR complex efficiently recognizes both intracellular and membrane tumor antigens, overcoming heterogeneity and inhibitory microenvironments, achieving sustained anti-tumor activity with reduced toxicity and improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Figure CN2025128398_23042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex and its pharmaceutical application thereof
[0001] Field of the present application
[0002] The present application relates to the field of immunotherapy, specifically to a dual-targeting T cell receptor complex and its pharmaceutical application thereof.Background
[0003] Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) , referring to an allogenic / autologous T cell product that has been genetically modified using viral / non-viral vectors encoding tumor-associated / specific antigen / antigenic peptide-recognizable antigen binding fragment / T cell receptor, is infused into the patient to directly kill tumor cells or stimulate the body's immune response to kill tumor cells. It’s such an attractive approach to tumor immunotherapy, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T, TCR-T, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies, that it has achieved great breakthroughs in tumor immunotherapy. By now, over ten CAR-T products and one TCR-T product have been approved for commercialization, with more than 300 ACT products undergoing clinical investigation. This therapeutic approach not only brings curative benefits to patients with hematological tumors but also exerts encouraging clinical efficacy in solid tumors. Particularly, TCR-T therapy can not only recognize antigens on the surface of tumors but also those within tumors, presenting a promising future for the treatment of solid tumors.
[0004] Obviously, adoptive immunotherapy faces numerous common challenges in the field of solid tumors. Firstly, CAR-T and TCR-T cell therapies face challenges related to antigen loss and insufficient single-target targeting. Preclinical studies have shown that single-antigen-targeted CAR-T cells can’t eradicate pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and neuroblastoma cells, as tumor cells that are negative for or lowly expressing the target antigen, leading to incomplete tumor eradication. Additionally, tumor cells can escape immune surveillance of T cells by down-regulating the expression levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) . Secondly, the intensive vascular structure and tumor-associated fibroblasts within solid tumors establish an antigenic heterogeneity barrier for TCR-T / CAR-T cells, inhibiting the infiltration of T cells. Finally, the inhibitory immune microenvironment within solid tumors limits the in vivo expansion and persistence of CAR-T / TCR-T cells, impairing their ability to exert sustained antitumor effects.
[0005] Given this, the present application is thereby proposed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T / TCR-T cells in solid tumors.
[0006] Summary of the present application
[0007] In order to solve the aforementioned problems, improve the therapeutic efficacy of engineered T cells against solid tumors, and broaden the clinical application setting of T cell therapy, the first aspect of the present application provides a modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex. The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex comprises a T cell receptor (TCR) and a TCR fusion protein; the TCR comprises a TCRα chain and a TCRβ chain pairing or a TCRγ chain and a TCRδ chain pairing, and the TCR specifically binds to an antigenic peptide presented by an MHC molecule; the TCR fusion protein comprises a fragment comprising an antigen binding domain and a TCR-CD3 subunit, and the TCR fusion protein specifically binds to a membrane protein or an antigenic peptide presented by an MHC molecule. It is to be understood that the antigenic peptides presented by MHC molecules to which the TCR specifically binds may be the MHC molecules-presented antigenic peptides or combinations thereof known to those skilled in the art; and the membrane proteins or antigenic peptides presented by MHC molecules to which the TCR fusion protein specifically binds may be the MHC molecules-presented membrane proteins or antigenic peptides or combinations thereof known to those skilled in the art.
[0008] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR specifically binds to the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule, and the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule comprises at least one selected from the group of HBV, EBV, HPV, CMV, HIV, MCPyV, gp100, KRAS, TP53, PIK3CA, EGFR, AFP, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A6, MAGE-A10, MAGE-A12, Tyrosinase, MART-1, CEA, Thyroglobulin, TGFβII frameshift antigen, HA-1, NY-ESO-1, NY-ESO-1&LAGE-1A, HERV-E, WT1, PSA, MSLN, GPC3, CD19, and PRAME.
[0009] In one embodiment of the present application, the fragment comprising the antigen binding domain of the TCR fusion protein derives from at least one selected from the group of murine antibodies, rabbit antibodies, human antibodies, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, nanobodies, and TCR-like antibody fragments.
[0010] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR fusion protein specifically binds to the membrane protein or the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule, and the membrane protein or the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule comprises at least one selected from the group of GPC3, B7H3, B7H4, CEACAM1, CEACAM 5, CEACAM 6, HER2, HER3, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD28, CD30, CD33, CD38, CD40, CD45, CD52, CD56, CD70, CD79, CD80, CD81, CD86, CD123, CD133, CD137, CD171, CLL-1, cMET, EGFR, CLDN18.2, Claudin 6, TROP2, Tissue factor, Nectin-4, 5T4, MUC1, MUC16, MUC18, FAP, BCMA, DLL3, IL3RA, IL13RA2, NKG2DL, GPCR5D, PD-L1, MLSN, EPHA2, EPHA5, FRa, EpCAM, LIV1, Napi2b, SEZ6, ALPP, CDH6, CDH17, PSMA, SLAMF6, PTK7, STEAP1, ROR1, ROR2, CLEC12A, VEGFR-2, PMSA, c-Met, EGFRvIII, HER-2, HER3, HER-4, IGF1R, GUCY2C, GD2, GD3, GHRHR, GHR, Flt1, KDR, Flt4, CD44V6, CA125, CD151, CTLA-4, GITR, BTLA, TGFBR2, TGFBR1, IL6R, gp130, Lewis, TNFR1, TNFR2, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, HVEM, MAGE-A, MSLN, RANK, TNFRSF4, TWEAK-R, LTPR, LIFRP, LRP5, MUC1, TLR7, TLR9, PTCH1, WT-1, Robol, Frizzled, OX40, CD79b, Notch-1-4, HBV, EBV, HPV, CMV, HIV, MCPyV, gp100, KRAS, TP53, PIK3CA, EGFR, AFP, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A6, MAGE-A10, MAGE-A12, Tyrosinase, MART-1, CEA, Thyroglobulin, TGFβII frameshift antigen, HA-1, NY-ESO-1, NY-ESO-1&LAGE-1A, HERV-E, WT1, PSA, and PRAME.
[0011] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR specifically binds to the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule, and the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule is selected from the group of HBV, EBV, HPV, KRAS, AFP, MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1, and PRAME; and the TCR fusion protein specifically binds to the membrane protein or the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule, and the membrane protein or the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule is selected from the group of GPC3, AFP, B7H3, FAP, CLDN18.2, MSLN, GD2, HER2, CD70, EPCAM, TROP2, EGFR, and CDH17. In one embodiment of the present application, a combination of targets specifically binding to the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex are selected from the group consisting of: (a) HBV and GPC3; (b) HBV and AFP; (c) EBV and B7H3; (d) HBV and FAP; (e) AFP and GPC3; (f) KRAS and FAP; (g) KRAS and MSLN (h) EBV and CLDN18.2; (i) EBV and CD70; (j) HPV and TROP2; (k) NYESO1 and EPCAM; (l) MAGE-A4 and GD2; (m) PRAME and HER2; (n) KRAS and EGFR; (o) KRAS and CDH17; (p) EBV and CDH17; (q) EBV and HER2; (r) KRAS and B7H3; (s) KRAS and CLDN18.2; (t) PRAME and FAP; (u) PRAME and Trop2; (v) PRAME and EPCAM; (w) NYESO1 and EGFR; (x) NYESO1 and GD2; (y) MAGE-A4 and EPCAM; and (z) MAGE-A4 and TROP2.
[0012] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR fusion protein comprises an antigen-binding domain fragment (e.g., scFv) and a TCR-CD3 subunit coupled with it.
[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR-CD3 subunit comprises CD3ε, CD3γ, CD3δ, and / or CD3ζ.
[0014] In one embodiment of the present application, the fragment comprising the antigen binding domain is linked to CD3ε.
[0015] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR-CD3 subunit comprises an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain.
[0016] In one embodiment of the present application, the extracellular domain, the transmembrane domain, and the intracellular signaling domain are derived from CD3ε, CD3γ, CD3δ, CD3ζ, TCRα, or TCRβ, or amino acid sequences thereof with at least one, two, or three modifications.
[0017] In one embodiment of the present application, at least either two domains from the extracellular domain, the transmembrane domain, and the intracellular signaling domain are derived from the same subunit.
[0018] In one embodiment of the present application, the extracellular domain, the transmembrane domain, and the intracellular signaling domain are derived from CD3ε.
[0019] In one embodiment of the present application, the CD3ε signaling domain comprises the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0020] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR comprises a TCRα chain and a TCRβ chain, and the TCR comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
[0021] (a) the amino acid sequence of HBs TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 1;
[0022] (b) the amino acid sequence of EBV TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 2;
[0023] (c) the amino acid sequence of HPV TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 3;
[0024] (d) the amino acid sequence of KRAS TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 4;
[0025] (e) the amino acid sequence of NYESO1 TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 5;
[0026] (f) the amino acid sequence of AFP TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 6;
[0027] (g) the amino acid sequence of MAGE-A4 TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 7; and
[0028] (h) the amino acid sequence of PRAME TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0029] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR fusion protein comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
[0030] (a) the amino acid sequence of GPC3 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 9;
[0031] (b) the amino acid sequence of AFP TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 10;
[0032] (c) the amino acid sequence of B7H3 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 11;
[0033] (d) the amino acid sequence of FAP TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 12;
[0034] (e) the amino acid sequence of CLDN18.2 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 13;
[0035] (f) the amino acid sequence of MSLN TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 14;
[0036] (g) the amino acid sequence of GD2 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 15;
[0037] (h) the amino acid sequence of HER2 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 16;
[0038] (i) the amino acid sequence of CD70 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 17;
[0039] (j) the amino acid sequence of EPCAM TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 18;
[0040] (k) the amino acid sequence of TROP2 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 19;
[0041] (l) the amino acid sequence of EGFR TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 20; and
[0042] (m) the amino acid sequence of CDH17 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 21. In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR comprises a TCR α chain and a TCR β chain, which are linked by a self-cleaving polypeptide; the TCR fusion protein comprises a fragment comprising the antigen binding domain and a TCR-CD3 subunit, which are linked by a linker; and the TCR and the TCR fusion protein are linked by a self-cleaving polypeptide.
[0043] It should be noted that the TCR fusion protein can be linked to the C-terminus or N-terminus of the TCR α chain via a self-cleaving polypeptide, or the TCR fusion protein can be linked to the C-terminus or N-terminus of the TCR β chain via a self-cleaving polypeptide.
[0044] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR-CD3 subunit comprises an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain; the extracellular domain of the TCR-CD3 subunit is linked to the C-terminus of the fragment comprising the antigen-binding domain via a linker.
[0045] In one embodiment of the present application, the sequence of the linker comprises (G4S) n, where n = 1 to 4.
[0046] In one embodiment of the present application, the self-cleaving polypeptide comprises P2A, T2A, and / or F2A.
[0047] In one embodiment of the present application, the P2A has the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 52.
[0048] In one embodiment of the present application, the T2A has the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 53.
[0049] In one embodiment of the present application, the F2A has the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 54..
[0050] In one embodiment of the present application, the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex further comprises a signal peptide.
[0051] In one embodiment of the present application, the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex comprises at least one selected from the group of HBs-GPC3 TCR, HBs-AFP TCR, EBV-B7H3 TCR, HBs-FAP TCR, AFP-GPC3 TCR, KRAS-FAP TCR, KRAS-MSLN TCR, EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR, EBV-CD70 TCR, HPV-TROP2 TCR, NYESO1-EPCAM TCR, MAGE-A4-GD2 TCR, PRAME-HER2 TCR, KRAS-EGFR TCR, KRAS-CDH17 TCR, EBV-CDH17 TCR, EBV-HER2 TCR, KRAS-B7H3 TCR, KRAS-CLDN18.2 TCR, PRAME-FAP TCR, PRAME-Trop2 TCR, PRAME-EPCAM TCR, NYESO1-EGFR TCR, NYESO1-GD2 TCR, MAGE-A4-EPCAM TCR and MAGE-A4-TROP2 TCR.
[0052] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR and the TCR fusion protein are linked via self-cleaving polypeptides. Taking HBs-GPC3 TCR as an example, the encoded α chain, βchain of HBV TCR, and GPC3 scFv-CD3ε TCR fusion protein are co-translated, processed by 2A polypeptide self-cleaving, and then HBV TCR and GPC3 TCR fusion proteins are assembled independently. Likewise, the GPC3-HBV TCR encoded GPC3 scFv-CD3ε TCR fusion protein, α chain, and β chain of HBV TCR are co-translated, processed by 2A polypeptide self-cleaving, and then GPC3 TCR fusion proteins and HBV TCR are assembled independently. Therefore, the term “HBs-GPC3 TCR” merely denotes a combination and does not indicate the linking orientation, referring to both HBs-GPC3 TCR and GPC3-HBs TCR.
[0053] In one embodiment of the present application, the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
[0054] (a) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 22;
[0055] (b) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting HBs-AFP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 24;
[0056] (c) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-B7H3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 26;
[0057] (d) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting HBs-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 28;
[0058] (e) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting AFP-GPC3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 30;
[0059] (f) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 32;
[0060] (g) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-MSLN TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 34;
[0061] (h) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 36;
[0062] (i) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-CD70 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 38;
[0063] (j) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting HPV-TROP2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 40;
[0064] (k) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting NYESO1-EPCAM TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 42;
[0065] (l) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting MAGE-A4-GD2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 44;
[0066] (m) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting PRAME-HER2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 46;
[0067] (n) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-EGFR TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 48;
[0068] (o) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-CDH17 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 50;
[0069] (p) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-CDH17 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 56;
[0070] (q) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-HER2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 57;
[0071] (r) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-B7H3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 58;
[0072] (s) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-CLDN18.2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 59;
[0073] (t) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting PRAME-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 60;
[0074] (u) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting PRAME-TROP2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 61;
[0075] (v) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting PRAME-EPCAM TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 62;
[0076] (w) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting NYESO1-EGFR TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 63;
[0077] (x) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting NYESO1-GD2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 64;
[0078] (y) the amino acid sequence of the dual-target MAGE-A4-EPCAM TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 65; and
[0079] (z) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting MAGE-A4-TROP2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 66. The second aspect of the present application provides the nucleic acid molecule encoding the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in the first aspect of the present application.
[0080] In one embodiment of the present application, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
[0081] (a) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 23;
[0082] (b) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting HBs-AFP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 25;
[0083] (c) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting EBV-B7H3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 27;
[0084] (d) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting HBs-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 29;
[0085] (e) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting AFP-GPC3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 31;
[0086] (f) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting KRAS-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 33;
[0087] (g) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting KRAS-MSLN TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 35;
[0088] (h) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 37;
[0089] (i) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting EBV-CD70 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 39;
[0090] (j) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting HPV-TROP2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 41;
[0091] (k) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting NYESO1-EPCAM TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 43;
[0092] (l) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting MAGE-A4-GD2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 45;
[0093] (m) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting PRAME-HER2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 47;
[0094] (n) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting KRAS-EGFR TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 49;
[0095] (o) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting KRAS-CDH17 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 51.
[0096] The third aspect of the present application provides a vector, which comprises the nucleic acid molecule described in the second aspect of the present application.
[0097] In one embodiment of the present application, the vector comprises at least one selected from the group of plasmids, binary vectors, DNA vectors, mRNA vectors, retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, transposon-based vectors, and artificial chromosomes.
[0098] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a host cell, which comprises the vector described in the third aspect of the present application.
[0099] The fifth aspect of the present application provides an immune cell, which comprises the modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex described in the first aspect of the present application, the nucleic acid molecule described in the second aspect of the present application, or the vector described in the third aspect of the present application.
[0100] In one embodiment of the present application, the immune cell comprises at least one selected from the group of lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and mast cells.
[0101] In one embodiment of the present application, the immune cell is a T cell.
[0102] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR and the TCR fusion protein form one TCR-CD3 complex.
[0103] In one embodiment of the present application, the TCR and the TCR fusion protein form two independent TCR-CD3 complexes, wherein the TCR forms the first TCR-CD3 complex with endogenous CD3 subunits, and the TCR fusion protein forms the second TCR-CD3 complex with endogenous TCR.
[0104] The sixth aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the immune cell described in the fifth aspect of the present application, which comprises the step of transducing the nucleic acid molecule described in the second aspect of the present application or the vector described in the third aspect of the present application into immune cell.
[0105] The seventh aspect of the present application provides a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises the modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex described in the first aspect of the present application, the nucleic acid molecule described in the second aspect of the present application, the vector described in the third aspect of the present application, the host cell described in the fourth aspect of the present application, or the immune cell described in the fifth aspect of the present application.
[0106] In one embodiment of the present application, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an anti-tumor drug.
[0107] In one embodiment of the present application, the anti-tumor drug comprises at least one selected from the group of interferons, immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, interleukins, and chemotherapeutic drugs.
[0108] In one embodiment of the present application, the chemotherapeutic drugs comprise at least one selected from the group of cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, epirubicin, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, paclitaxel, and albumin-bound paclitaxel.In one embodiment of the present application, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0109] The present application does not impose special limitations on pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. For example, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients include, but are not limited to solvents, diluents, disintegrants, precipitation inhibitors, surfactants, glidants, binders, lubricants, dispersants, suspending agents, isotonic agents, thickeners, emulsifiers, preservatives, stabilizers, hydrating agents, emulsion accelerators, buffers, absorbents, colorants, fragrances, sweeteners, ion exchangers, mold release agents, coating agents, flavoring agents, and antioxidants.
[0110] The present application does not impose special limitations on the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition, as long as it can achieve the objectives of the present application. For example, the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of ointments, creams, transdermal patches, gels, powders, tablets, solutions, aerosols, granules, pills, suspensions, emulsions, capsules, syrups, elixirs, extracts, tinctures, or fluid extracts, etc.
[0111] The eighth aspect of the present application provides the use of the modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex described in the first aspect of the present application, the nucleic acid molecule described in the second aspect of the present application, the vector described in the third aspect of the present application, the host cell described in the fourth aspect of the present application, the immune cell described in the fifth aspect of the present application, and the pharmaceutical composition described in the seventh aspect of the present application in the preparation of a drug for prevention and / or treatment and / or adjunctive treatment of cancer, delaying cancer progression, and reducing and / or inhibiting tumor recurrence.
[0112] In one embodiment of the present application, the cancer is malignant tumor.
[0113] In one embodiment of the present application, the cancer comprises at least one selected from the group of liver cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, urothelial carcinoma, osteosarcoma, glioma and hematological tumors.
[0114] In one embodiment of the present application, the lung cancer is selected from at least one of small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous carcinoma; the head and neck cancer is selected from at least one of laryngeal cancer, oral cancer and thyroid cancer.
[0115] In one embodiment of the present application, the hematological tumor comprises at least one selected from the group of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, small cell follicular lymphoma, large cell follicular lymphoma, malignant lymphoproliferative disorder, MALT lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplasia, myelodysplastic syndrome, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, and macroglobulinemia.
[0116] The ninth aspect of the present application provides a method for prevention and / or treatment and / or adjunctive treatment of cancer, delaying cancer progression, and reducing and / or inhibiting tumor recurrence, which comprises the step of administering to a patient in need with therapeutically effective amount of the modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex described in the first aspect, the nucleic acid molecule described in the second aspect of the present application, the vector described in the third aspect of the present application, the host cell described in the fourth aspect of the present application, the immune cell described in the fifth aspect of the present application, or the pharmaceutical composition described in the seventh aspect of the present application.
[0117] The present application does not impose special limitations on the administration method, as long as it can achieve the objectives of the present application. For example, administration can be via intra-arterial, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intramedullary, intrathecal, intraventricular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrauterine, intravaginal, sublingual, or intranasal routes, etc.
[0118] The tenth aspect of the present application provides a device for engineering production of the immune cells described in the fifth aspect of the present application, and the device comprises:
[0119] 1) A lymphocyte enrichment system which is used for enriching a population of lymphocytes obtained from a donor subject;
[0120] 2) A T cell activation system which is used for activating the population of lymphocytes with one or more T-cell stimulating agents to produce a population of activated T cells;
[0121] (3) A transduction system which is used for transducing the population of activated T cells with a viral vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule encoding the dual-targeting T cell receptor complex; and
[0122] (4) An expansion system which is used for expanding the population of transduced T cells described in step 3) to produce a population of engineered T cells;
[0123] wherein the device is a fully enclosed device, and “fully enclosed” means that the cell in the process of production is not contact with air directly.
[0124] In one embodiment of the present application, compared with non-fully enclosed production devices, the fully enclosed production device improves the proliferation efficiency and survival rate of engineered immune cells.
[0125] In one embodiment of the present application, the device is capable of performing the following operations: apheresis resuscitation, T-cell sorting, T-cell activation, T-cell transduction, static culture, inoculation into a bioreactor after washing, and dynamic culture.
[0126] In one embodiment of the present application, the total time for the entire process of producing engineered immune cells is no more than 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36 hours.
[0127] The present application has the following beneficial effects:
[0128] The modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex adopts a combination strategy of TCR and TCR fusion protein, where genes encoding the TCR targeting tumor-specific antigen peptides and the TCR fusion protein gene targeting tumor-specific / associated antigens are simultaneously transduced into T cells, followed by in vitro expansion. The obtained engineered immune cells modified with the dual-targeting TCR complex can not only recognize the intracellular antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule or virus antigen peptides related to DNA integration mechanisms through exogenous TCRs, activate T cell activation pathways, and then trigger cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic effects to directly or indirectly eliminate tumor cells; but also target tumor-specific / associated membrane protein or the antigenic peptide presented by an MHC molecule through exogenously transduced TCR fusion proteins, activate T cells by using the natural TCR activation mechanism, and secrete multiple cytokines such as IFN-γ at the same time, thereby achieving efficient and sustained anti-tumor activity. The modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex of the present application solves the problems of insufficient targeting of single-target and recurrence after treatment; meanwhile, the modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex can target both membrane and intracellular antigens, retain the natural TCR-mediated T-cell activation mechanism to the greatest extent, and exhibit superior safety; moreover, the modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex also overcomes tumor heterogeneity and prevents tumor escape caused by low or absent antigen expression. Compared to engineered T cells with chimeric antigen receptors or T cell receptors, the engineered T cells modified with the dual-targeting TCR complex of the present application can eliminate target cells more efficiently, accompanied by the release of a small amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and have lower dose limiting toxicity.
[0129] The differences and advantages of the engineered T cells modified with the dual-targeting T cell receptors complex of the present application, the engineered T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) , and the engineered T cells with T cell receptors (TCR-T) are as shown in Table 1:
[0130] Table 1
[0131] Besides, the implement of any product or method of the present application does not necessarily achieve all the aforementioned advantages simultaneously.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0132] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the figures used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. It is evident that the figures described below are merely some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments based on these figures.
[0133] Figure 1A depicts the schematic diagram of the dual-targeting T cell receptor complex-mediated signaling pathway; Figure 1B depicts exemplary combinations of modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complexes.
[0134] Figure 2 shows the flowchart of the production process for immune cells with a dual-targeting T cell receptor complex.
[0135] Figures 3A to 3C show the positive expression and phenotypical properties of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells and HBs-AFP TCR T cells.
[0136] Figures 4A to 4C show the expression levels of GPC3 / AFP on the surface of HCC tumor cell lines.
[0137] Figures 5A to 5C show the in vitro cytotoxicity of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells and HBs-AFP TCR T cells against various hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.
[0138] Figures 6A to 6C show the sustainable killing potency of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells against various hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.
[0139] Figures 7A to 7D show the in vitro cytotoxicity of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells against HBs+GPC3+ and HBs-GPC3+ mixed tumor cells.
[0140] Figures 8A to 8F show the in vivo efficacy and expansion properties of HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cells in HepAD38 (HBs+GPC3+AFP+) tumor-bearing mice model.
[0141] Figures 9A to 9F show the in vivo efficacy and expansion properties of HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cells in HepG2 (HBs-GPC3+AFP+) tumor-bearing mice model.
[0142] Figures 10A to 10F show the in vivo efficacy of HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cells in HepG2-LMS (HBs+GPC3+) and HepG2 (HBs-GPC3+) dual tumor-bearing mice model.
[0143] Figure 11 shows the positive expression of EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells.
[0144] Figures 12A to 12B show the expression level of EBV / B7H3 on the surface of tumor cell lines.
[0145] Figures 13A to 13C show the killing potency of EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells on PanC-1 series target cells.
[0146] Figures 14A to 14B show the killing potency of EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells on AGS series target cells.
[0147] Figure 15A shows the positive expression of dual-targeting HBs-FAP TCR T cells; Figure 15B to 15D show the in vitro cytotoxicity of HBs-FAP TCR T cells against various hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.
[0148] Figure 16A shows the positive expression of dual-targeting AFP-GPC3 TCR; Figure 16B to 16D show the in vitro cytotoxicity of AFP-GPC3 TCR T cells against various hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.
[0149] Figure 17A shows the positive expression of dual-targeting KRAS-FAP TCR T cells; Figure 17B to 17D show the in vitro cytotoxicity of KRAS-FAP TCR T cells against various tumor cell lines.
[0150] Figure 18A shows the positive expression of dual-targeting KRAS-MSLN TCR T cells; Figure 18B to 18D show the in vitro cytotoxicity of KRAS-MSLN TCR T cells against various tumor cell lines.
[0151] Figure 19A shows the positive expression of dual-targeting EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR T cells; Figure 19B to 19D show the in vitro cytotoxicity of EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR T cells against various tumor cell lines.
[0152] Figure 20A shows the positive expression of dual-targeting EBV-CD70 TCR T cells; Figure 20B to 20D show the in vitro cytotoxicity of EBV-CD70 TCR T cells against various tumor cell lines.
[0153] Figure 21A shows the positive expression of dual-targeting HPV-TROP2 TCR T cells; Figure 21B to 21D show the in vitro cytotoxicity of HPV-TROP2 TCR T cells against various tumor cell lines.
[0154] Figure 22A shows the proliferation curves of three batches of dual-targeting HBs-GPC3TCR T cells produced by the fully enclosed automated -system and manually made methods, respectively; Figure 22B shows the variability ratio of three batches of dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells produced by the fully enclosed automated-system and manually made methods, respectively.
[0155] Detailed Description Of the Present Application
[0156] Definition
[0157] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present application are consistent with the common understanding of a person skilled in the art to which the present application pertains. The following terms are used in accordance with the definitions below when describing and claiming protection for this disclosure.
[0158] The term “at least 85%sequence identity” refers to at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity. In some preferred embodiments, the sequence identity described in the present application may be at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. Sequence comparison and determination of identical percentage between two sequences may be performed using the BLASTN / BLASTP algorithm available on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
[0159] The term “T cell” generally refers to an immune system cell that matures in the thymus and produces a T cell receptor. T cells include but are not limited to natural killer T cells, regulatory T cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, memory T cells, γδ T cells, and mucosal-resident T cells. T cells also include but are not limited to CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, Th1 T cells, and Th2 T cells. T cells can be primary T cells or T cell lines.
[0160] The term “T cell receptor” or “TCR” refers to the molecules present on the surface of T cells, which are responsible for recognizing antigenic peptides bound to MHC molecules, thereby activating T cells through a series of enzymes, co-receptors, and specialized accessory molecules. In 95%of T cells, the TCR is a heterodimer composed of α and β chains, while 5%of T cells have a TCR composed of γ and δ chains. Each chain of TCR is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, comprising an N-terminal Ig variable (V) domain, an Ig constant (C) domain, a transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic tail at the C-terminal end. The variable domains of both TCR α-chain and β-chain contain three hypervariable or complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) , whereas CDR3 is responsible for recognizing processed antigenic peptide, CDR1 of the α-chain interacts with the N-terminal portion of the antigenic peptide, and CDR1 of the β-chain interacts with the C-terminal portion of the peptide; CDR2 is responsible for recognizing MHC molecules. The TCR α / β chains interact with the subunits of CD3 (γ / ε, δ / ε, and ζ / ζ) , forming the TCR-CD3 receptor complex and mediating signal transduction. This TCR-CD3 complex transmits signals from extracellular into intracellular compartments, determining T cell development, activation, and immune responses to pathogens. Additionally, the TCR-CD3 complex signaling can be further enhanced through simultaneous binding to MHC and co-stimulatory receptors.
[0161] Therefore, the term “T cell receptor” generally refers to molecules that can recognize peptides presented by MHC molecules. This molecule can be a heterodimer of two chains, αand β (or optionally γ and δ) , or it can be a single-chain TCR fragment. T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-T cells) are novel immunotherapy targeting tumor-specific pMHC molecules. Using gene transduction technology, nucleotide sequences encoding T cell receptors and T cell activation elements are introduced into patient T cells, enabling these TCR-expressing T cells to directly recognize pMHC on the surface of tumor cells, activate, and subsequently kill cancer cells.
[0162] The term “T cell receptor fusion protein” refers to recombinant peptides derived from various peptides that compose the TCR, generally capable of i) binding to surface antigens on target cells; and ii) typically interacting with other peptide components of the complete TCR complex when co-localized on or within the T cell surface.
[0163] The term “antibody” is synonymous with immunoglobulin and refers to a tetramer composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains connected by interchain disulfide bonds. Based on differences in the amino acid composition and arrangement of the constant regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain, immunoglobulins can be classified into five classes: IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, with corresponding heavy chains μ, δ, γ, α, and ε, respectively. Within the same class of immunoglobulin, further subclasses can be distinguished based on differences in the amino acid composition of the hinge region and the number and position of disulfide bonds in the heavy chains. For example, IgG can be subdivided into IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. The constant regions of light chains are classified into either κ chain or λ chain. Each of the five Ig classes can have either κ chain or λ chain.
[0164] The term “antigen” refers to a molecule that is capable of being bound specifically by an antibody or otherwise provokes an immune response. This immune response may involve either antibody production or the activation of specific immunologically competent cells, or both.
[0165] The term “antigen-binding fragment” refers to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to bind to an antigen. Examples of binding fragments included in the “antigen-binding fragment” include: (i) . Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL, and CH1 domains; (ii) . F (ab') 2 fragment, a bivalent fragment consisting of two Fab fragments connected by disulfide bonds across the hinge region; (iii) . Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CH1 domains; (iv) . Fv fragment consisting of the VH and VL domains of the antibody's single arm; (v) . A single-domain or dAb fragment consisting of the VH domain; (vi) . Isolated complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) ; or (vii) . A combination of two or more isolated CDRs connected by a linker; (viii) . Additionally, single-chain Fv (scFv) molecules produced by connecting VL and VH via a linker are also included in the term “antigen-binding fragment” .
[0166] The term “vector” refers to a nucleic acid carrier into which a nucleic acid sequence encoding a desired molecule is inserted. The nucleic acid sequence encoding the desired molecule may be obtained using known recombinant methods in the art, including screening a library from cells expressing the gene, obtaining the gene from a known vector containing the gene, or directly isolating the gene from cells and tissues containing the gene using standard techniques. Optionally, the gene of interest may be synthetically produced. The vector may be introduced into host cells via transformation, transduction, or transfection, enabling the genetic material it carries to be expressed in the host cells. The vector of the present application may be any vector used for propagation, amplification, and expression, and may be used to transform or transfect any suitable host cells. It includes but is not limited to plasmids, bacteriophages, Kos plasmids, artificial chromosomes, bacteriophages, viruses or viral vectors, plant vectors, and animal vectors etc. Viruses that can be used as vectors include, but are not limited to, reverse transcriptase viruses (including lentiviruses) , adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviral vectors, herpesviruses (such as herpes simplex virus) , poxviruses, baculoviruses, papillomaviruses, and papillomatous vacuolar viruses (such as SV40) , etc.
[0167] The term “host cell” refers to prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells into which the vector of the present application can be introduced, expressed, and / or replicated. Microbial host cells are cells of prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, microscopic fungi, and the microscopic phases of the life cycles of fungi and slime molds. Typical prokaryotic host cells include various strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) . Typical eukaryotic host cells are yeast, filamentous fungi, or mammalian cells, such as Chinese hamster ovary cells, mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, HEK293 cells, or rodent myeloma or hybridoma cells.
[0168] The term “Major histocompatibility complex" (MHC) generally refers to glycoproteins that deliver peptide antigens to the cell surface of all nucleated cells. MHC class I molecules are heterodimers having a membrane-spanning α chain (with three α domains) and a non-covalently associated β2 microglobulin. MHC class II molecules are composed of two transmembrane glycoproteins, α and β, both of which span the membrane. Each chain comprises two domains. MHC class I molecules deliver peptides of endogenous viral antigen / tumor antigen originating from the cytosol to the cell surface, where a peptide-MHC complex is recognized by CD8+ T cells. MHC class II molecules deliver peptides of exogenous bacterial antigen originating from the vesicular system to the cell surface, where they are recognized by CD4+ T cells. Human MHC is referred to as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) . HLAs corresponding to "class I" MHC present peptides from inside the cell and include, for example, HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. Alleles include, for example, HLA A*11, such as HLA-A*11: 01. HLAs corresponding to "class II" MHC present peptides from outside the cell and include, for example, HLA-DP, HLA-DM, HLA-DOA, HLA-DOB, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR. The term “patient” refers to an individual suffering from a disease, condition, or disorder, or at risk of developing a disease, condition, or disorder, or otherwise in need of the compositions and methods provided herein.
[0169] The term “subject” refers to living organisms capable of eliciting an immune response. It includes, but is not limited to, mammals such as humans or non-human mammals, e.g., domesticated, agricultural, or wild animals, as well as birds and aquatic animals.
[0170] As used herein, “treating” or “treatment” refers to any indicia of success in the treatment or amelioration of the disease or condition. Treating can include, for example, reducing, delaying or alleviating the severity of one or more symptoms of the disease or condition, or it can include reducing the frequency with which symptoms of a disease, defect, disorder, or adverse condition, and the like, are experienced by a patient.
[0171] The term “treat or prevent” is sometimes used to refer to a method that results in some level of treatment or amelioration of the disease or condition, and contemplates a range of results directed to that end, including but not restricted to prevention of the condition entirely. The term “prevention" refers to the prevention or protection of the disease or condition, e.g., tumor formation, in the patient. For example, if an individual at risk of developing a tumor or other form of cancer is treated with the methods of the present application and does not later develop the tumor or other form of cancer, then the disease has been prevented, at least over a period of time, in that individual.
[0172] The term “therapeutically effective amount" is the amount of a composition or an active component thereof sufficient to provide a beneficial effect or to otherwise reduce a detrimental non-beneficial event to the individual to whom the composition is administered. By “therapeutically effective dose” herein is meant a dose that produces one or more desired or desirable (e.g., beneficial) effects for which it is administered, such administration occurring one or more times over a given period. The exact dose will depend on the purpose of the treatment, and will be ascertainable by one skilled in the art using known techniques
[0173] The term “cancer” refers to a disease characterized by the rapid and uncontrolled growth of aberrant cells. Cancer cells can spread locally or through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body. Examples of various cancers are described herein, including but not limited to breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cancer, liver cancer, brain cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, lung cancer, etc.
[0174] The term “intracellular signaling domain, " as the term is used herein, refers to an intracellular portion of a molecule. The intracellular signaling domain generates a signal that promotes the immune effector function of the TCR fusion protein-containing cell, e.g., a TCR fusion protein-expressing T-cell. Examples of immune effector function, e.g., in a TCR fusion protein-expressing T-cell, include cytolytic activity and T helper cell activity, including the secretion of cytokines.
[0175] The term “encoding” refers to the inherent property of specific sequences of nucleotides in a polynucleotide, such as a gene, a cDNA, or an mRNA, to serve as templates for synthesis of polymers and macromolecules in biological processes having either a defined sequence of nucleotides (e.g., rRNA, tRNA and mRNA) or a defined sequence of amino acids and the biological properties resulting therefrom. Thus, a gene, cDNA, or RNA, encodes a protein if transcription and translation of mRNA corresponding to that gene produces the protein in a cell or other biological system. Both the coding strand, the nucleotide sequence that is identical to the mRNA sequence and is usually provided in sequence listings, and the non-coding strand, used as the template for transcription of a gene or cDNA, can be referred to as encoding the protein or other product of that gene or cDNA.
[0176] The term "expression" refers to the transcription and / or translation of a specific nucleotide sequence driven by a promoter. The following description provides further details of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The examples are provided solely for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
[0177] Example 1: Vector construction for dual-targeting T cell receptor complexes and lentivirus production
[0178] a. Vector construction of dual-targeting T cell receptor complexes
[0179] Structurally, the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex is composed of a TCR targeting one target and a TCR fusion protein targeting another target. The variable regions of the TCR β-chain and α-chain are codon-optimized and linked with the constant regions of the TCR β-chain and α-chain via a 2A self-cleaving peptide to form a complete TCR. The constant regions have been modified to reduce the risk of mispairing with endogenous TCR chains. In addition, the TCR fusion protein is formed by linking an antibody single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to the CD3ε subunit. The TCR β-chain, TCR α-chain, and TCR fusion protein are linked via 2A self-cleaving peptides (Figure 1B) . The illustrative combined sequences of the dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex and their respective targets are shown in Table 2.
[0180] Table 2. Combined Sequences and Targets of the Dual-Targeting T Cell Receptor Complexes
[0181] The codon-optimized DNA sequences of the above constructs were synthesized by GENEWIZ, and subcloned into the lentiviral backbone vector pCCL to construct a lentiviral plasmid expressing the dual-targeting T cell receptor complex. Afterwards, correct constructs with sequencing were inoculated into 300 mL LB medium for overnight culturing, and purified following the instructions of the NucleoBond Xtra MaxiEF kit.
[0182] b. Lentivirus packaging
[0183] The lentivirus was packaged by transient transfection of 293T cells using a third-generation four-plasmid system and subsequent purification. The four-plasmid system consists of three packaging plasmids (also known as “helper plasmids” ) and one backbone plasmid. The packaging plasmid RRE encodes the viral structural protein Gag and the reverse transcriptase Pol, with the former forming the viral core structure and the latter being essential for RNA reverse transcription and integration. The packaging plasmid REV encodes the Rev protein, which binds to RNA to promote mRNA transport and protein expression. The packaging plasmid VSVG encodes the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope protein VSV-G, which replaces the HIV envelope protein, enabling the lentiviral vector to infect nearly all cell types derived from various tissues and enhancing the stability of lentiviral particles.
[0184] M10 cell complete medium: DMEM (Gibco, catalog number: 11965-092) : FBS (Gibco, catalog number: 10099141) : Sodium pyruvate (Gibco, catalog number: 11360070) : HEPES (Gibco, catalog number: 15630080) : NEAA (Gibco, catalog number: 11140-050) with the volume ratio of 87%: 10%: 1%: 1%: 1%, stored at 4℃ for using.
[0185] The procedure of lentivirus packaging with cationic polymer PEI (Polyplus, catalog number: 101000033) is as follows:
[0186] On Day 0, 293T cells (< 20th passage) were collected and plated into a 150 mm dish at a density of 2 × 107 cells / dish in 20 mL M10 medium for overnight incubation at 37℃. Day 1, 70μL PEI and the lentiviral packaging plasmids (viral backbone plasmid, RRE, REV and VSVG at the ratio of 18μg: 10μg: 7μg: 7μg) were diluted separately into 1 mL serum-free Opti-MEM (Gibco, catalog number: 31985-062) and vortexed for approximately 20 seconds to mix thoroughly. Then, the PEI / Opti-MEM mixture was added to the plasmid / Opti-MEM mixture, mixed thoroughly, and incubated for 15 minutes. Afterward, the plasmid-PEI mixture was added to 293T cell culture and incubated at 37℃ in 5%CO2 incubator for 60~72 hours. Finally, viral supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 3000g at 4℃ for 10 minutes to remove debris, purified with Pre-sterilize the Centricon Plus-70 (Millipore, catalog number: UFC710008) , aliquoted, and stored at -80℃ long-term.
[0187] Example 2: Production of the engineered T cells with dual-targeting T cell receptor complex.
[0188] The production process of the modified immune cells of the present application is shown in Figure 2. The steps of apheresis blood resuscitation, T cell sorting, T cell activation, T cell transduction, static culture, inoculation into Xuri bioreactor after washing, dynamic culture and harvesting are all completed under fully enclosed conditions in Figure 2, and “fully enclosed” means that the cell production process is not in direct contact with air. The reagents and the detailed process flow involved in the production process are as follows:
[0189] Complete culture medium: CTS OpTmizerTM , Supplement (Gibco, catalog number: A379040-01) , 5%CTS Immune Cell SR (Gibco, catalog number: A25961-01) , 2%Glutamax (Gibco, catalog number: A12860-01) and400 IU / mL injectable IL-2 (Shandong Quangang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., catalog number: 08-102) were inverted and mixed thoroughly, then stored at 4℃ for using.
[0190] T cell cryopreservation solution: 75%CS10 (ThermoFisher, catalog number: A2596101) +25%HSA (FLEXBUMIN, catalog number: S20181007) .
[0191] a. T cell separation and activation
[0192] CD3+ T cells were isolated from apheresis blood using magnetic beads and stored in CS10 cryopreservation solution (2E7 M / vial) .
[0193] Day 0: The cryopreserved CD3+ T cells were thawed and resuspended in T cell complete medium, with the cell density adjusted to 1.43×106 / ml. T cells were activated using Transact (CD3 / CD28 microspheres) , with the volume ratio of Transact (CD3 / CD28 microspheres) to T cells =1: 50.
[0194] b. Lentiviral transduction
[0195] Day 1: After 24 hours of activation, T cells were counted, resuspended to a density of 5~7×105 cells / mL, and transduced with lentiviral solution based on MOI calculation.
[0196] Day 2~Day 6: After transduction, T cell culture medium with 400 IU / mL IL-2 was supplemented every two days to maintain T cell density at 5×105 / mL for efficient cell expansion.
[0197] c. Cell Cryopreservation
[0198] Day 8~Day 12: Once the desired cell count was reached, T cells were harvested for the detection of TCR+%. Additional T cells were washed with physiological saline solution containing 5%human serum albumin, centrifuged at 500g for 5 minutes, resuspended in T cell cryopreservation solution at a density of 5 ×107 cells / mL, aliquoted into cryopreservation tubes or bags, and stored in liquid nitrogen after cryopreservation using a programmable freezer.
[0199] Example 3: Positive expression and phenotypical properties of dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cells
[0200] To assess the positive expression of HBs TCR, GPC3 scFv, or AFP scFv in HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells or HBs-AFP TCR T cells from Example 2, sufficient HBs TCR T cells, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells, HBs-AFP TCR T cells, and Mock T cells (control group) were collected at different time points. After washing with FACS buffer, the cells were stained with the following reagents at the recommended ratios: APC Hamster Anti-mTCRβ Ab (BD, catalog number: 553174) , PE HLA-A*02: 01 AFP Tetramer (ACRO, catalog number: HLA-PH2H5) , FITC-labeled hGPC3 Ab (ACRO, catalog number: GP3-HF2H1) , and APC-Cy7 Anti-hCD3 Ab (BD, catalog number: 557832) , PerCP / Cy5.5 anti-human CD8a Ab (Biolegend, catalog number: 301032) , and incubated at 4℃ for 60 minutes. Afterward, the cells were washed three times with FACS buffer, resuspended, and analyzed by flow cytometry. The data was processed with FlowJo.
[0201] To characterize the phenotype of HBs-GPC3 TCR or HBs-AFP TCR T cells from Example 2, an adequate amount of HBs TCR T cells, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells, HBs-AFP TCR T cells, and Mock T cells (control group) on Day11 were collected, washed and stained with the following antibodies at the recommended ratios: APC Hamster Anti-mTCRβ (BD, catalog number: 553174) , FITC Mouse Anti-hCD4 Ab (BD, catalog number: 566911) , Mouse Anti-hCD8 Ab (BD, catalog number: 743064) ; BV650 Mouse Anti-hCD45RA Ab (BD, catalog number: 563963) , BB700 Rat Anti-hCCR7 Ab (BD, catalog number: 566437) , PE-Cy7 Anti-hLAG-3 Ab (Biolegend, catalog number: 369310) , BV421 Mouse Anti-hPD-1 Ab (BD, catalog number: 562516) , FITC Mouse Anti-hCD4 Ab (BD, catalog number: 566911) , APC Anti-hCD25 Ab (Biolegend, catalog number: 302610) , BV421 Mouse Anti-hCD127 Ab (BD, catalog number: 562436) , and incubated at 4℃ for 60 minutes. Afterward, the cells were washed three times with FACS buffer, resuspended, and analyzed by flow cytometry. The data was processed with FlowJo.
[0202] As shown in Figure 3A, the HBs TCR and GPC3 TCR fusion protein in HBs-GPC3 TCR cells, the HBs TCR and AFP TCR fusion protein in HBs-AFP TCR cells, were co-expressed and stably maintained until Day 11. The proportions of HBs+GPC3+ and HBs+AFP+ T cells were 78.7%and 86.9%, respectively. During continuous culture of HBs-GPC3 TCR / HBs-AFP TCR T cells, TCR expression level remained stable, and the proportion of CD8-positive cells continuously increased, ultimately above 50%on Day11 (Figure 3B) . The proportion of memory T cells (Tscm+Tcm, CD45RA+ / -CCR7+) remained above 30%, and exhaustion markers and Treg cells (CD4+CD25+CD127-) remained at low levels (Figure 3C) , which is consistent with the HBs TCR-T control group. This finding indicates that the HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR complexes do not significantly affect the positive expression of TCR and relevant antigen-binding fragments, memory properties, and exhaustion phenotypes of T cells. In summary, HBs-GPC3 TCR T / HBs-AFP TCR T cells can simultaneously target HBs and GPC3 or AFP, with long-term stable expression of TCR and relevant antigen-binding fragments, maintaining T cell memory phenotypes and low levels of exhaustion and Treg ratios.
[0203] Example 4: Cytotoxic activity of HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cells against single / dual target tumor cells
[0204] The recognition and killing functionality of HBs-GPC3 TCR / HBs-AFP TCR T cells from Example 2 was assessed on several HCC tumor cell lines with heterogeneous antigen expression: HepAD38 (HBs+ / GPC3+ / AFP+) , HepG2 (HBs- / GPC3+ / AFP+) , SKHEP1-LMS (HBs+ / GPC3- / AFP-) , and SKHEP1 (HBs- / GPC3- / AFP-) .
[0205] a. Detection of HBs / GPC3 / AFP expression levels on the surface of HCC tumor cell lines
[0206] HepAD38, HepG2, and SKHEP1 cells were collected in FACS buffer, aliquoted into 1×106 cells / tube, and then followed by the addition of APC-labeled anti-Glypican 3 antibody (Abcam, catalog number: ab275695) at the recommended ratio. After incubation at 4℃ for 60 minutes, the cell pellet was centrifuged (3 minutes, 300×g) , washed twice with FACS buffer, resuspended, and analyzed by flow cytometry. The data was processed with FlowJo.
[0207] The supernatant of HepAD38, HepG2, and SKHEP1 cells was collected, and soluble AFP was measured by the human alpha-fetoprotein ELISA kit (BBI, catalog number: D711034) , according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
[0208] b. Cytotoxicity analysis of HBs-GPC3 TCR / HBs-AFP TCR T cells on single / dual-target liver cancer cells
[0209] Day 0: HepAD38 (HBs+ / GPC3+ / AFP+) , HepG2 (HBs- / GPC3+ / AFP+) , SKHEP1-LMS (HBs+ / GPC3- / AFP-) and SKHEP1 (HBs- / GPC3- / AFP-) cells were collected, adjusted to the cell density of 4×105 cells / mL, and seeded 2×104 cells into each well of the collagen-precoated RTCA E-plate after baseline measurement with the addition of 50μL / well of M10 medium. After 5 minutes resting, the 96-well E-plate was placed into the RTCA (ACEA Biosciences, model: xCELLigence) for continuous monitoring. Day 1: HBV-GPC3 TCR / HBV-AFP TCR-T cells were added into each well at the target cell: effector cell (E: T) ratio of 2: 1 and 1: 2. Each group had at least two replicate wells. Target cells co-cultured with un-transduced T cells served as negative control groups (Mock T) . The E-plate was placed on the detection devices for real-time cell killing monitoring for 68 hrs.
[0210] c. Cytokine detection
[0211] The supernatant was collected after 48hrs, and cytokine secretion was detected using CBA kit (Human Th1 / Th2 Cytokine Cytometric Bead Array Kit II, BD, catalog number: 551809) , following the manufacturer's instructions.
[0212] As shown in Figure 4A, both HepAD38 and HepG2 highly expressed GPC3. AFP secretion could be detected in the culture supernatant of these two cell lines (Figure 4B) . SKHEP1 neither expresses GPC3 nor secretes AFP. The SKHEP1-LMS cell line constructed by HBV-LMS lentiviral transduction serves as HBs+GPC3-AFP-single-target cell line (Figure 4C) .
[0213] As shown in Figure 5A, at the E: T ratio of 1: 2, both HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cells exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect on HepAD38 and HepG2, with a half-time killing of 12 hours; HBs TCR T cells exhibited a specific cytotoxic effect only on HepAD38 but not HepG2. HBs-GPC3 TCR / HBs-AFP TCR T cells exhibited comparable cytotoxic effects on SKHEP1-LMS (HBs-positive) with those of HBs TCR T cells. At the E: T ratio of 2: 1, HBs-GPC3 TCR / HBs-AFP TCR T cells and HBs TCR T cells exhibited no cytotoxic activity on the negative target cell SKHEP1 (Figure 5A) . After 68 hours of co-culture, HBs-GPC3 TCR / HBs-AFP TCR and HBs TCR T cells achieved 100%killing efficiency on HepAD38, approximately 50%killing efficiency on SKHEP1-LMS, while only HBs-GPC3 TCR / HBs-AFP TCR T cells could achieve 100%killing efficiency on HepG2 cells (GPC3 or AFP single-positive) (Figure 5B) . IFN-γ release was detected in the supernatant collected after 48 hours of co-culture, and results showed that all positive killing groups exhibited significant cytokine release (Figure 5C) .
[0214] In summary, the dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR / HBs-AFP TCR T cells exhibit significant functional activity against GPC3 / AFP single-positive target cells and exhibit comparable or stronger activity against double-positive HCC tumor cell lines, while HBs TCR T cells can only recognize and kill HBs+ target cells.
[0215] Example 5: Repeated killing potency of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells on different target cells
[0216] To evaluate the sustainable killing potency of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells from Example 2 on different hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, we used tumor rechallenged model to monitor the repeated killing potency of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells on target cells by RTCA and measured cytokine secretion in the supernatant, following the procedures described in Example 4. In brief, tumor cells with high and low antigen expression of HBs and GPC3 (HepG2-LMS [HBs+ / GPC3++] , HepG2.2.15 [HBs+ / GPC3-] , HepG2 [HBs- / GPC3++] , HUH7 [HBs- / GPC3+] , and SKHEP1 [HBs- / GPC3-) were used as target cell and seeded into E-plate, with the addition of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells on the follow-up day. After 4-day monitoring on RTCA devices, T cells were collected and transferred into another RTCA plate with pre-seeded target cells for repeated killing. The survival curves of the target cells were plotted as a continuous spectrum using Graphpad Prism. Additionally, the culture supernatant from the re-stimulated cells was collected for cytokine detection.
[0217] As shown in Figure 6A, at the E: T ratio of 1: 5 or 1: 1, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells exhibited more significantly enhanced killing activity against HepG2-LMS after re-stimulation than that of the first round stimulation, with a markedly shorter half-time of killing, compared to HBs TCR T cells. After 48 hours of re-stimulation, the killing ratios of HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs TCR T cells against HepG2.2.15 were both above 60%. Interestingly, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells retained their antitumor activity against HepG2 and HUH7 cells that express only GPC3 after re-stimulation, whereas HBs TCR T cells showed no killing activity. HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells continuously exerted cytotoxic effects on target cells with different antigen expression levels, including HepG2-LMS, HepG2.2.15, HepG2, and HUH7 (Figure 6B) . IFN-γ release was detected in the supernatant, and the results were consistent with the cytotoxic results (Figure 6C) .
[0218] In summary, compared to HBs TCR T cells, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells exhibit more significant cytotoxic effects on tumor cells with high or low expression levels of HBs and GPC3 across multiple stimulations, avoiding immune escape caused by loss or downregulation of antigen expression, maintaining antitumor activity.
[0219] Example 6: Cytotoxic activity of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells against HBs+GPC3+ and HBs-GPC3+ mixed tumor cells
[0220] To evaluate whether the HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells from Example 2 can address the challenge of immune escape caused by heterogeneity, we monitored the killing potency of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells on the mixed HBs+GPC3+ (HepG2-LMS) and HBs-GPC3+ (HepG2) tumor cells by real-time cell analysis and measured cytokine secretion in the supernatant, following the procedures described in Example 4. In brief, equal numbers of HepG2-LMS (HBs+GPC3+) and HepG2 (HBs-GPC3+) were mixed as target cells and seeded into a 96-well plate. After the addition of HBs-GPC3 TCR, HBs TCR, and Mock T cells, the E-plate was placed back into RTCA device for continuous monitoring for 48 hours. The survival curves of the target cells were plotted as a continuous spectrum using Graphpad Prism. Additionally, the culture supernatant was collected for cytokine detection.
[0221] As shown in Figure 7A, at the E: T ratio of 1: 1, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells exhibited cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 and HepG2-LMS cell mixture, completely lysing the heterogeneous tumor populations, whereas the HBs TCR T cells failed to completely eliminate the target cells. At the end of the experiment, residual target cells in the culture wells were digested and analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the ratio of HepG2 to HepG2-LMS cells in the Mock T group was approximately 1: 1; while the residual target cells in HBs TCR-T group were HepG2 cells, indicating that HBs TCR T cells had no unspecific elimination effect on HBs-negative HepG2 target cells in the heterogeneous tumor model (Figure 7B) . After 48 hours of co-culture, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells achieved nearly 100%killing efficiency against both HepG2 and HepG2-LMS cells, while HBs TCR T cells achieved approximately 80%killing efficiency (Figure 7C) . Cytokine release was detected, with twice fold of IFN-γ release from HBs-GPC3 TCR T group to that of HBs TCR T group (Figure 7D) .
[0222] In summary, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells maintained their dual-targeting effector function against mixed tumor cells expressing different antigens, efficiently overcoming tumor heterogeneity and immune escape, compared to HBs TCR T cells.
[0223] Example 7 Antitumor activity of HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cells in HepAD38 (HBs+GPC3+AFP+) tumor-bearing mouse model
[0224] The in vivo antitumor activities and expansion properties of HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR T cells were evaluated in HepAD38 (HBs+GPC3+AFP+) tumor-bearing mouse model.
[0225] Thirty NPG mice (female only) were subcutaneously inoculated with HepAD38 cells (8 × 106 tumor cells per mouse) in the right axillary region. Seven days later, mice were randomly divided into four groups (five mice per group) based on tumor volume and administered with Mock (un-transduced ) T cells (8 × 106 T cells / mouse) , HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR T cells (8 × 106 TCR T+ cells / mouse) via intravenous injection (the day of administration was set as Day 0) (Figure 8A) . Tumor volume and body weight were measured twice per week. Mice's blood was taken on Day 1, Day 8, Day 15, Day 22, Day 27 post-administration, and the number of hCD45+CD3+ mTCRβ+ cells per unit volume was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines in plasma were measured on Day 1, Day 8, and Day 15 post-administration. On Day 28, tumors were dissected, excised, and weighed.
[0226] Tumor volume: On Day 27, the averaged tumor volumes of animals from Mock T group, HBs TCR group, HBs-GPC3 TCR group, and HBs-AFP TCR group were 977.59 ± 195.41, 49.82 ± 45.82, 7.8 ± 2.33, 7.8 ± 2.33 mm3, respectively. The tumor growth inhibition (TGI) ratios of HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR T cell groups were 94.90%, 99.20%, and 99.20%, respectively. Compared with Mock T group, HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR T cell groups significantly inhibited tumor progression on HepAD38 CDX model (P<0.01, Figure 8B and Figure 8C) .
[0227] Tumor weight: On Day 28, the averaged tumor weights of animals from Mock T group, HBs TCR group, HBs-GPC3 TCR group, and HBs-AFP TCR T cell group were 0.37 ± 0.1, 0.01 ±0.01, 0 ± 0, and 0 ± 0 g, respectively. Specifically, only 1 / 5 animals from the HBs-GPC3 TCR group harbored tumor tissue, while no tumor tissue was observed in the HBV-AFP TCR group.
[0228] Body weight: During the experiment, the body weight of animals from Mock T group declined from Day 15, while the body weights of animals from other groups remained normal. Before grouping, the body weights of animals from Mock T, HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR T cell groups were 22.66 ± 0.53, 22.72 ± 0.55, 22.98 ± 0.67, and 23.5 ± 0.38 g, respectively. By Day 27, the weights of animals from each group were 18.62 ± 0.9, 23.04 ±0.97, 23.38 ± 0.71, and 26.08 ± 0.55 g, respectively (Figure 8D) .
[0229] Lymphocyte subsets: During the experiment, hCD45+CD3+mTCRβ+ cells were barely detectable in the peripheral blood of animals from Mock T group. In HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR T cell groups, hCD45+CD3+mTCRβ+ cells significantly expanded and peaked on Day 8 post-infusion, then gradually declined (Figure 8E) .
[0230] Cytokines: IFN-γ level in the blood of all experimental groups significantly increased on Day 7 post-infusion, then markedly decreased by Day 14. IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF showed no significant changes during the experiment (Figure 8F) .
[0231] In summary, HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cells exhibited significant anti-tumor effects on HBs+GPC3+AFP+ HepAD38 tumor-bearing mice, slightly better than that of HBs TCR group, accompanied by T cell expansion peaking on Day 8 post-reinfusion.
[0232] Example 8: Antitumor activity of HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cells in (HBs-GPC3+AFP+) HepG2 tumor-bearing mouse model
[0233] The in vivo anti-tumor activities and expansion properties of HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR T cells were evaluated in HBs-GPC3+AFP+ HepG2 tumor-bearing mouse model.
[0234] Forty NPG mice (female only) were subcutaneously inoculated with HepG2 cells (8 × 106tumor cells per mouse) in the right axillary region. Six days later, mice were randomly divided into four groups based on tumor volume (five mice per group) and administered Vehicle control group (solvent) , HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR cells (8 × 106 TCR T+cells / mouse) via intravenous injection (day of administration was set as Day 0) (Figure 9A) . Tumor volume and body weight changes were measured twice per week. Mice's blood was taken on Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 21, and Day 28 post-infusion, and the number of hCD45+CD3+ mTCRβ+, hCD45+CD3+ mTCRβ+ cell were counted by flow cytometry. Cytokines in plasma were measured on Days 1, 7, and 14 post-infusion. Animals in the Vehicle control group and Mock T cell control group were euthanized on Day 21 as the average tumor volumes exceeded 2000 mm3, following animal welfare requirements. Animals in other groups were euthanized on Day 26.
[0235] Tumor volume: On Day 21, the tumor volumes of animals from HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR T cell groups were 3187.52 ± 92.69 mm3, 882.41 ± 301.68 mm3, and 93.98 ± 43.62 mm3, respectively. The TGI ratios of HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR treatment groups were -7.32%, 71.11%, and 97.68%, respectively. Compared with the HBs TCR group, HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cell groups significantly inhibited tumor progression in HeoG2 CDX model (P<0.01, Figure 9B and Figure 9C) .
[0236] Body weight: During the experiment, the body weight of HBs TCR group gradually decreased, which contributed to tumor progression. The body weight changes in HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR groups were not significant. Before grouping, the body weights of animals from HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR groups were 21.93 ± 0.73, 23.08 ± 0.58, and 22.46 ± 0.46 g, respectively. By Day 21, the body weights of animals from each group were 20.65 ± 0.73 g, 21.78 ± 0.65 g, and 22.23 ± 0.54 g, respectively (Figure 9D) .
[0237] Lymphocyte subsets: During the experiment, hCD45+CD3+mTCRβ+ cells were detectable in the peripheral blood of animals from HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR, and HBs-AFP TCR T cell groups on Day 1. In the HBs TCR group, the number of hCD45+CD3+mTCRβ+ cells decreased subsequently on Day 7 post-infusion and was barely detectable after Day 14. In the HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR groups, hCD45+CD3+mTCRβ+ cells in peripheral blood showed significant expansion on Day 7 post-reinfusion, followed by a gradual decrease (Figure 9E) .
[0238] Cytokines: IFN-γ level in the blood of the HBs-AFP TCR group significantly increased on Day 7 post-infusion and then gradually decreased. IFN-γ level in the blood of the HBs-GPC3 TCR group dramatically increased on Day 14 post-infusion, then decreased. Other cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF, showed no significant changes during the experiment (Figure 9F) .
[0239] In summary, HBs TCR T cells did not affect the tumor progression of HBs-GPC3+AFP+HepG2 CDX model, while HBs-GPC3 TCR and HBs-AFP TCR T cell groups exhibited significant antitumor effects, accompanied by T cell expansion peaking on Day 7 post-reinfusion.
[0240] Example 9: Antitumor activity of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells in HepG2-LMS (HBs+GPC3+) and HepG2 (HBs-GPC3+) dual tumor bearing mouse model
[0241] The in vivo anti-tumor activities and expansion properties of HBs TCR and HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells were evaluated in HepG2-LMS (HBs+GPC3+) and HepG2 (HBs-GPC3+) dual tumor-bearing mouse model.
[0242] Fifty NPG mice (female only) were subcutaneously inoculated with HepG2-LMS tumor cells (8 × 106 cells per mouse) in the right axillary region and HepG2 tumor cells (8 × 106 cells per mouse) in the left axillary region on the same day. Seven days later, mice were randomly divided into six groups based on tumor volume on both sides (six mice per group) and administered Vehicle control group (solvent) and Mock T cells (1 × 107 T cells / mouse) , HBs TCR, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells (1 × 107 TCR+ T cells / mouse via intravenous injection (day of administration was set as Day 0) (Figure 10A) . Tumor volume and body weight changes were measured twice per week. Mice's blood was taken on Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 21, and Day 28 post-infusion, and the number of hCD45+CD3+mTCRβ+ cells was detected by flow cytometry. Following animal welfare requirements, animals with an average tumor volume exceeding 2000 mm3 were euthanized. Therefore, animals in the Vehicle control group and Mock T cell control group were euthanized on Day 21, those in the HBs TCR treatment group on Day 24, and those in other groups on Day 27.
[0243] Tumor volume: On Day 21, the averaged volumes of HepG2-LMS (HBs+GPC3+) tumors in animals from the Vehicle group, Mock T group, HBs TCR group, and HBs-GPC3 TCR group were 2831.34 ± 249.60 mm3, 2125.92 ± 168.33 mm3, 21.67 ± 8.17 mm3, and 4 ± 0 mm3, respectively. The TGI ratios of Mock T, HBs TCR group, and HBs-GPC3 TCR group were 24.91%, 99.23%, and 99.86%, respectively. Compared with Vehicle, HBs TCR group and HBs-GPC3 TCR group significantly inhibited the tumor progression of HepG2-LMS (P < 0.01, Figure 10B and Figure 10D) . On the same day, the averaged volumes of HepG2 (HBs-GPC3+) tumor in animals from Vehicle, Mock T group, HBs TCR group, and HBs-GPC3 TCR T group were 2634.39 ± 156.48 mm3, 1750.19 ± 422.58 mm3, 2629.81 ± 86.56 mm3, and 309.59 ±185.22 mm3, respectively. The TGI ratios of Mock T, HBs TCR group, and HBs-GPC3 TCR group were 0.17%, 33.56%, and 88.25%, respectively. Compared with Vehicle, only HBs-GPC3 TCR group significantly inhibited the tumor progression of HepG2 (P < 0.01, Figure 10C and Figure 10D) .
[0244] Body weight: During the experiment, the body weights of the Vehicle group, Mock T group, and HBs TCR group gradually decreased after infusion, while the body weight of HBs-GPC3 TCR group slowly increased after infusion, then declined from Day 21. Before grouping, the body weights of Vehicle, Mock T, HBs TCR group, and HBs-GPC3 TCR group were 22.18 ±0.26 g, 22.03 ± 0.28 g, 21.45 ± 0.43 g, and 22.05 ± 0.53 g, respectively. By Day 21, the body weights of the Vehicle and Mock T group were 20.87 ± 0.24 and 19.03 ± 0.64, respectively. By Day 24, the body weight of the HBs TCR group was 19.02 ± 0.68 g. By Day 27, the body weight of the HBs-GPC3 TCR group was 21.12 ± 0.76 g (Figure 10E) .
[0245] Lymphocyte subsets: During the experiment, hCD45+CD3+mTCRβ+ cells were barely detectable in the peripheral blood of animals from the Mock T group. In the HBs TCR group and HBs-GPC3 TCR group, hCD45+CD3+mTCRβ+ cells showed significant expansion on Day 7 post-infusion, followed by a gradual decrease (Figure 10F) .
[0246] In summary, HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells exhibited significant antitumor effects against both HepG2 (HBs-GPC3+) and HepG2-LMS (HBs+GPC3+) xenografts, while HBs TCR T cells only exhibited antitumor effects on HepG2-LMS (HBs+GPC3+) transplanted tumor. Both groups showed T cell expansion, peaking on Day 7 post-reinfusion.
[0247] Example 10: Functionality characterization of EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells against B7H3 / EBV-positive tumor cells
[0248] To assess the positive expression of EBV TCR and B7H3 scFv in EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells from Example 2, sufficient EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells and un-transduced T cells were collected, washed with FACS buffer, stained with APC anti--m TCRβ Ab (BD, catalog number: 553174) and FITC-CD276 (Acro Biosystem, catalog number: B7B-HF2E7) at the recommended ratio, then incubated at room temperature for 60 minutes. Afterward, the cells were washed three times with FACS buffer, resuspended, and analyzed by flow cytometry. The data was processed with FlowJo. As shown in Figure 11, the transduction efficacy ratio of EBV TCR and B7H3 scFv was approximately 82%of total T cells, indicating successful preparation of EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells.
[0249] The recognition and killing functions of EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells against single / dual-target tumor cell lines in Example 2 were evaluated on several tumor cell lines expressing different antigens, including PanC-1 / LAMP2A-PanC-1 / and AGS / LAMP2A-AGS.
[0250] a. Detection of B7H3 / LAMP2a expression levels on tumor cell lines
[0251] PanC-1 and AGS cells were collected, washed with FACS buffer, and then stained with APC Anti-B7H3 antibody (Biolegend, catalog number: 351006) at the recommended ratio. After incubation at 4℃ for 60 minutes, the cell pellet was collected, washed twice with FACS buffer, resuspended, and analyzed using a flow cytometer. The data was processed using FlowJo.
[0252] b. Killing activity and cytokine secretion of EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells against single / dual target liver cancer cells
[0253] Referring to the description in Example 4, Day 0: PanC-1 (EBV- / B7H3+) , LAMP2A-PanC-1(EBV+ / B7H3+) , AGS (EBV- / B7H3+) , LAMP2A-AGS (EBV+ / B7H3+) cells were collected, adjusted to the cell density of 4 × 105 cells / mL and seeded 2 × 104 cells into each well of the collagen-precoated RTCA E-plate after baseline measurement with the addition of 50 μL / well of 10%FBS-RPMI1640 medium. After 5 minutes resting, the 96-well E-plate was placed into the RTCA for continuous monitoring. Day 1: EBV TCR / EBV-B7H3 TCR-T cells were added into each well at the E: T ratio of 2: 1 and 1: 2. Each group had at least two replicate wells. Target cells co-cultured with un-transduced T cells served as negative control groups (Mock T) . Finally, the E-plate was placed on the detection platform for real-time dynamic cell killing detection. The cell supernatant was collected at 24hrs post-co-culture, and IFN-γ was detected using the ELISA method. The killing rate of EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells at the specified time point was calculated.
[0254] As shown in Figure 12A, both AGS and PanC-1 cells highly express B7H3. LAMP2A-PanC-1 and LAMP2A-AGS cells transduced with LAMP2a lentivirus were both LAMP2a-positive (Figure 12B) .
[0255] As shown in Figures 13A and 13B, EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against B7H3+LAMP2a+ LAMP2A-PanC-1 cells at E: T ratios of 2: 1 and 1: 2, with corresponding cytotoxic ratios of 73%and 100%, respectively. Under the same conditions, the killing ratios of EBV TCR T cells against LAMP2A-PanC-1 were 68%and 97%, respectively. Meanwhile, EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells also exhibited markedly cytotoxic activity against B7H3+LAMP2A-single-positive PanC-1 cells at the E: T ratios of 2: 1 and 1: 2, with corresponding killing rates of 89%and 100%, respectively. Under the same conditions, EBV TCR T cells showed no non-specific killing activity against PanC-1 cells. IFN-γ release was detected in the co-culture supernatant, and the results showed that cytokine release was consistent with the killing trend (Figure 13C) . In summary, EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells can efficiently recognize and kill B7H3+LAMP2a+ and B7H3+LAMP2a-PanC-1 cells.
[0256] As shown in Figures 14A and 14B, EBV-B7H3 TCR-T cells exhibited strong killing activity against B7H3+ LMP2a+ double-positive LMP2A-AGS cells at the E: T ratios of 2: 1 and 1: 2, with corresponding killing ratios of 84%and 63%, respectively. Under the same conditions, the killing ratios of EBV TCR T cells against LAMP2A-AGS cells were 68%and 10%, respectively. Meanwhile, EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells also exhibited markedly cytotoxic activity against B7H3+LMP2A-single-positive AGS cells at the E: T ratios of 2: 1 and 1: 2, with corresponding killing rates of 100%and 87%, respectively. Under the same conditions, EBV TCR T cells showed no non-specific killing activity against AGS cells. In summary, EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells can efficiently recognize and kill B7H3+LMP2a+ and B7H3+LMP2a-AGS cells.
[0257] In conclusion, dual-targeting EBV-B7H3 TCR T cells exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against EBV / B7H3 single-positive target cells, with stronger killing activity against double-positive tumor cells. In contrast, EBV TCR T cells can only recognize and eliminate EBV+target cells.
[0258] Example 11: Functionality characterization of HBs-FAP TCR T cells against HBs / FAP-positive tumor cells
[0259] To assess the positive expression of HBs TCR and FAP scFv in HBs-FAP TCR T cells from Example 2, sufficient HBs-FAP TCR T cells and un-transduced T cells were collected, washed with FACS buffer, stained with APC anti-m TCRβ Ab (BD, catalog number: 553174) and PE anti-GGGGS linker Ab (PreScience, catalog number: GS-ARPE100) at the recommended ratio, then incubated at room temperature for 60 minutes. Afterward, the cells were washed three times with FACS buffer, resuspended, and analyzed by flow cytometry. The data was processed with FlowJo.
[0260] As shown in Figure 15A, the positive expression of HBs TCR and FAP scFv on HBs-FAP TCR T cells was approximately 80%, which is comparable to that of single-target HBs TCR and FAP TCR fusion-T cells, respectively.
[0261] The recognition and killing functions of HBs-FAP TCR T cells against single / dual-target tumor cell lines in Example 2, were evaluated on several tumor cell lines expressing different antigens, including HepG2 (HBs-FAP-) , HepG2.2.15 (HBs+ FAP-) , SNU398 (HBs-FAP+) , SNU886-A02 (HBs+ FAP+) .
[0262] Referring to the description in Example 4, Day 0: HepG2 (HBs-FAP-) , HepG2.2.15 (HBs+FAP-) , SNU398 (HBs-FAP+) , SNU886-A02 (HBs+ FAP+) cells were collected, adjusted to the density of 4×105 cells / mL, and seeded 2×104 cells into each well of the collagen-precoated RTCA E-plate after baseline measurement with the addition of 50 μL / well of 10%M10 medium. After 5 minutes resting, the 96-well E-plate was placed into the RTCA for continuous monitoring. Day 1: HBs TCR / FAP TCR fusion / HBs-FAP TCR T cells were added into each well at the E: T ratio of 2: 1. Each group had at least two replicate wells. Target cells co-cultured with un-transduced T cells served as negative control groups (Mock T) . Finally, the E-plate was placed on the detection platform for real-time dynamic cell killing detection. The cell supernatant was collected at 24hrs post-co-culture, and IFN-γ was detected using the ELISA method. the killing rate of HBs-FAP TCR T cells at the specified time point was calculated. As shown in Figures 15B~D, at the E: T ratio of 2: 1, HBs-FAP TCR T cells exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2.2.15 (HBs+ FAP-) , SNU398 (HBs-FAP+) , SNU886-A02 (HBs+ FAP+) , but not on HepG2 (HBs-FAP-) cells, with corresponding cytotoxic ratios of 100%and dramatic IFN-γ secretion. In contrast, HBs TCR T cells only exhibited cytotoxic effect on HBs (+) HepG2.215, but not on HBs (-) SNU398 cells. Similarly, FAP TCR fusion T cells specifically recognized and eliminated FAP (+) SNU398, but not on HepG2.2.15 (FAP-) cells.
[0263] In conclusion, dual-targeting HBs-FAP TCR T cells exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against HBs / FAP single-positive target cells, with stronger killing activity against HBs / FAP double-positive tumor cells. In contrast, HBs TCR T cells can only recognize and eliminate HBs+ target cells; FAP TCR fusion T cells can only recognize and kill FAP+ target cells.
[0264] Example 12: Functionality characterization of AFP-GPC3 TCR T cells against AFP / GPC3-positive tumor cells
[0265] To assess the positive expression of AFP TCR and GPC3 scFv in AFP-GPC3 TCR T cells from Example 2, sufficient AFP-GPC3 TCR T cells and un-transduced T cells were collected, washed with FACS buffer, stained with APC anti-m TCRβ Ab (BD, catalog number: 553174) and PE anti-GGGGS linker Ab (PreScience, catalog number: GS-ARPE100) , and analyzed as described in Example 12.
[0266] As shown in Figure 16A, the positive expression of AFP TCR and GPC3 scFv on AFP-GPC3 TCR T cells was approximately 75%, which is comparable to or even higher than that of single-target AFP TCR T and GPC3 TCR fusion-T cells, respectively.
[0267] The recognition and killing functions of AFP-GPC3 TCR T cells against single / dual-target tumor cell lines in Example 2, were evaluated on several tumor cell lines expressing different antigens, including SNU886-A02 (AFP-GPC3-) , HepG2.2.15 (AFP+ GPC3-) , SNU398 (AFP-GPC3+) , HepG2 (AFP+ GPC3+) .
[0268] Referring to the description in Example 4, Day 0: SNU886-A02 (AFP-GPC3-) , HepG2.2.15 (AFP+ GPC3-) , SNU398 (AFP-GPC3+) , HepG2 (AFP+ GPC3+) cells were collected, adjusted to the density of 4 × 105 cells / mL and seeded 2 × 104 cells into each well of the collagen-precoated RTCA E-plate after baseline measurement with the addition of 50 μL / well of 10%M10 medium. After 5 minutes resting, the 96-well E-plate was placed into the RTCA for continuous monitoring. Day 1: AFP TCR / GPC3 TCR fusion / AFP-GPC3 TCR-T cells were added into each well at the E: T ratio of 2: 1. Each group had at least two replicate wells. Target cells co-cultured with un-transduced T cells served as negative control groups (Mock T) . Finally, the E-plate was placed on the detection platform for real-time dynamic cell killing detection. The cell supernatant was collected at 24hrs post-co-culture, and IFN-γ was detected using the ELISA method. The killing rate of AFP-GPC3 TCR T cells at the specified time point was calculated.
[0269] As shown in Figures 16B~D, at the E: T ratio of 2: 1, AFP-GPC3 TCR T cells exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on HepG2.2.15 (AFP+GPC3-) , SNU398 (AFP-GPC3+) , HepG2 (AFP+GPC3+) , but not on SNU886-A02 (AFP-GPC3-) cells, with corresponding cytotoxic ratios of 100%and dramatic IFN-γ secretion. In contrast, AFP TCR T cells only exhibited cytotoxic effect on AFP (+) HepG2.215, but not on AFP (-) SNU398 cells. Similarly, GPC3 TCR fusion T cells specifically recognized and eliminated GPC3 (+) SNU398, but not HepG2.2.15 (GPC3-) cells.
[0270] In conclusion, dual-targeting AFP-GPC3 TCR T cells exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against AFP / GPC3 single-positive target cells, with stronger killing activity against AFP / GPC3 double-positive tumor cells. In contrast, AFP TCR T cells can only recognize and eliminate AFP+ target cells; GPC3 TCR fusion T cells can only recognize and kill GPC3+target cells.
[0271] Example 13: Functionality characterization of KRAS-FAP TCR T cells against KRAS / FAP-positive tumor cells
[0272] To assess the positive expression of KRAS TCR and FAP scFv in KRAS-FAP TCR T cells from Example 2, sufficient KRAS-FAP TCR T cells and un-transduced T cells were collected, washed with FACS buffer, stained with APC anti-m TCRβ Ab (BD, catalog number: 553174) and PE anti-GGGGS linker Ab (PreScience, catalog number: GS-ARPE100) , and analyzed as described in Example 12.
[0273] As shown in Figure 17A, the positive expression of KRAS TCR and FAP scFv on KRAS-FAP TCR T cell was above 75%, which is comparable to that of single target KRAS TCR T cells and FAP TCR fusion-T cells, respectively.
[0274] The recognition and killing functions of KRAS-FAP TCR T cells against single / dual-target tumor cell lines in Example 2, were evaluated on several tumor cell lines expressing different antigens, including AGS-A11 (G12V-FAP-) , SW480-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) , SW620-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) , and SNU398 (G12V-FAP+) .
[0275] Referring to the description in Example 4, Day 0: AGS-A11 (G12V-FAP-) , SW480-A11(G12V+ FAP-) , SW620-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) , and SNU398 (G12V-FAP+) cells were collected, adjusted to the cell density of 4 × 105 cells / mL and seeded 2 × 104 cells into each well of the collagen-precoated RTCA E-plate after baseline measurement with the addition of 50 μL / well of 10%M10 medium. After 5 minutes resting, the 96-well E-plate was placed into the RTCA for continuous monitoring. Day 1: KRAS TCR / FAP TCR fusion / KRAS-FAP TCR-T cells were added into each well at the target E: T ratio of 2: 1. Each group had at least two replicate wells. Target cells co-cultured with un-transduced T cells served as negative control groups (Mock T) . Finally, the E-plate was placed on the detection platform for real-time dynamic cell killing detection. The cell supernatant was collected at 24hrs post-co-culture, and IFN-γ was detected using the ELISA method. The killing rate of KRAS-FAP TCR T cells at the specified time point was calculated.
[0276] As shown in Figures 17B~D, at the E: T ratio of 2: 1, KRAS-FAP TCR T cells exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on SW480-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) , SW620-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) and SNU398 (G12V-FAP+) cells, but not on AGS-A11 (G12V-FAP-) cells, with corresponding cytotoxic ratios of 100%and dramatic IFN-γ secretion. In contrast, KRAS TCR T cells exhibited cytotoxic effect on SW480-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) and SW620-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) cells, but not KRAS (-) SNU398 cells. Similarly, FAP TCR fusion T cells specifically recognized and eliminated FAP (+) SNU398, but not SW480-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) and SW620-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) cells.
[0277] In conclusion, dual-targeting KRAS-FAP TCR T cells exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against KRAS / FAP single-positive target cells, with stronger killing activity against KRAS / FAP double-positive tumor cells. In contrast, KRAS TCR can only recognize and eliminate G12V+ target cells; FAP TCR fusion T cells can only recognize and kill FAP+ target cells.
[0278] Example 14: Functionality characterization of KRAS-MSLN TCR T cells against KRAS / MLSN-positive tumor cells
[0279] To assess the positive expression of KRAS TCR and MSLN scFv in KRAS-MSLN TCR T cells from Example 2, sufficient KRAS-MSLN TCR T cells and un-transduced T cells were collected, washed with FACS buffer, stained with APC anti-m TCRβ Ab (BD, catalog number: 553174) and PE anti-GGGGS linker Ab (PreScience, catalog number: GS-ARPE100) , and analyzed as described in Example 12.
[0280] As shown in Figure 18A, the positive expression of KRAS TCR and MSLN scFv on KRAS-MSLN TCR T cell was above 70%, which is comparable to that of single target KRAS TCR T and MSLN TCR fusion T cells, respectively.
[0281] The recognition and killing functions of KRAS-MSLN TCR T cells against single / dual-target tumor cell lines in Example 2 were evaluated on several tumor cell lines expressing different antigens, including SNU398 (G12V-MSLN-) , AGS-A11 (G12V-MSLN+) , SW480-A11 (G12V+ MSLN+) , and SW620-A11 (G12V+ MSLN+) .
[0282] Referring to the description in Example 4, Day 0: SNU398 (G12V-MSLN-) , AGS-A11 (G12V-MSLN+) , SW480-A11 (G12V+ MSLN+) , and SW620-A11 (G12V+ MSLN+) cells were collected, adjusted to the cell density of 4 × 105 cells / mL and seeded 2 × 104 cells into each well of the collagen-precoated RTCA E-plate after baseline measurement with the addition of 50 μL / well of 10%M10 medium. After 5 minutes resting, the 96-well E-plate was placed into the RTCA for continuous monitoring. Day 1: KRAS TCR / MSLN TCR fusion / KRAS-MSLN TCR-T cells were added into each well at the E: T ratio of 2: 1. Each group had at least two replicate wells. Target cells co-cultured with un-transduced T cells served as negative control groups (Mock T) . Finally, the E-plate was placed on the detection platform for real-time dynamic cell killing detection. The cell supernatant was collected at 24 hrs post-co-culture, and IFN-γ was detected using the ELISA method. The killing rate of KRAS-MSLN TCR T cells at the specified time point was calculated.
[0283] As shown in Figures 18B~D, at the E: T ratio of 2: 1, KRAS-MSLN TCR T cells exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on AGS-A11 (G12V-MSLN+) , SW480-A11 (G12V+ MSLN+) , SW620-A11 (G12V+ MSLN+) cells, but not SNU398 (G12V-MSLN-) cells, with corresponding cytotoxic ratios of 100%and dramatic IFN-γ secretion. In contrast, KRAS TCR T cells exhibited cytotoxic effect on SW480-A11 (G12V+ FAP-) and SW620-A11 (G12V+FAP-) cells, but not KRAS (-) SNU398 and AGS-A11 (G12V-MSLN+) cells. Similarly, MSLN TCR fusion T cells specifically recognized and eliminated SW480-A11 (G12V+ MSLN+) and SW620-A11 (G12V+ MSLN+) cells.
[0284] In conclusion, dual-targeting KRAS-MSLN TCR T cells exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against KRAS / MSLN single-positive target cells, with stronger killing activity against KRAS / MSLN double-positive tumor cells. In contrast, KRAS TCR can only recognize and eliminate G12V+ target cells; MSLN TCR fusion T cells can only recognize and kill MSLN+ target cells.
[0285] Example 15: Functionality characterization of EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR T cells against EBV / CLDN18.2-positive tumor cells
[0286] To assess the positive expression of EBV TCR and CLDN18.2 scFv in EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR T cells from Example 2, sufficient EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR T cells and un-transduced T cells were collected, washed with FACS buffer, stained with APC anti-m TCRβ Ab (BD, catalog number: 553174) and PE anti-GGGGS linker Ab (PreScience, catalog number: GS-ARPE100) , and analyzed as described in Example 12.
[0287] As shown in Figure 19A, the positive expression of EBV TCR and CLDN18.2 scFv on EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR T cells was above 70%, which is comparable to that of single target EBV TCR and CLDN18.2 TCR fusion T cells, respectively.
[0288] The recognition and killing functions of EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR T cells against single / dual-target tumor cell lines in Example 2 were evaluated on several tumor cell lines expressing different antigens, including AGS-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A+CLDN18.2-) , AGS-A11-LMP2A-CLDN18.2 (LMP2A+ CLDN18.2+) , and SNU601-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CLDN18.2+) .
[0289] Referring to the description in Example 4, Day 0: AGS-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A+CLDN18.2-) , AGS-A11-LMP2A-CLDN18.2 (LMP2A+ CLDN18.2+) , and SNU601-LMP2A (LMP2A+CLDN18.2+) . cells were collected, adjusted to the density of 4 × 105 cells / mL and seeded 2 × 104 cells into each well of the collagen-precoated RTCA E-plate after baseline measurement with the addition of 50 μL / well of 10%M10 medium. After 5 minutes resting, the 96-well E-plate was placed into the RTCA for continuous monitoring. Day 1: EBV TCR / CLDN18.2 TCR fusion / EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR-T cells were added into each well at the E: T ratio of 2: 1. Each group had at least two replicate wells. Target cells co-cultured with un-transduced T cells served as negative control groups (Mock T) . Finally, the E-plate was placed on the detection platform for real-time dynamic cell killing detection. The cell supernatant was collected at 24 hrs post-co-culture, and IFN-γ was detected using the ELISA method. The killing rate of EBV_CLDN18.2 TCR T cells at the specified time point was calculated.
[0290] As shown in Figures 19B~D, at the E: T ratio of 2: 1, EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR T cells exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on AGS-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A+CLDN18.2-) , AGS-A11-LMP2A-CLDN18.2 (LMP2A+ CLDN18.2+) , and SNU601-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CLDN18.2+) cells, with corresponding cytotoxic ratios of 100%and dramatic IFN-γ secretion. Comparatively, EBV TCR T cells exhibited cytotoxic effects on the three target cells. In contrast, CLDN18.2 TCR fusion T cells specifically recognized and eliminated AGS-A11-LMP2A-CLDN18.2 (LMP2A+ CLDN18.2+) , SNU601-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CLDN18.2+) cells, but not AGS-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A+CLDN18.2-) cells.
[0291] In conclusion, dual-targeting EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR T cells exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against EBV / CLDN18.2 single-positive target cells, with stronger killing activity against EBV / CLDN18.2 double-positive tumor cells. In contrast, EBV TCR T cells can recognize and eliminate EBV+ target cells; CLDN18.2 TCR fusion T cells can only recognize and kill CLDN18.2+ target cells.
[0292] Example 16: Functionality characterization of EBV-CD70 TCR T cells against EBV / CD70-positive tumor cells
[0293] To assess the positive expression of EBV TCR and CD70 scFv in EBV-CD70 TCR T cells from Example 2, sufficient EBVCD70 TCR T cells and un-transduced T cells were collected, washed with FACS buffer, stained with APC anti-m TCRβ Ab (BD, catalog number: 553174) and PE anti-GGGGS linker Ab (PreScience, catalog number: GS-ARPE100) , and analyzed as described in Example 12.
[0294] As shown in Figure 20A, the positive expression of EBV TCR and CD70 scFv on EBV-CD70 TCR T cells was above 70%, which is comparable to that of single target EBV TCR and CD70 TCR fusion T cells, respectively.
[0295] The recognition and killing functions of EBV-CD70 TCR T cells against single / dual-target tumor cell lines in Example 2 were evaluated on several tumor cell lines expressing different antigens, including AGS-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CD70-) , SNU601-LMP2A (LMP2A+CD70-) and Hela-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A-CD70+) .
[0296] Referring to the description in Example 4, Day 0: AGS-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CD70-) , SNU601-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CD70-) and Hela-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A-CD70+) cells were collected, adjusted to the cell density of 4 × 105 cells / mL and seeded 2 × 104 cells into each well of the collagen-precoated RTCA E-plate after baseline measurement with the addition of 50 μL / well of 10%M10 medium. After 5 minutes resting, the 96-well E-plate was placed into the RTCA for continuous monitoring. Day 1: EBV TCR / CD70 TCR fusion / EBV-CD70 TCR-T cells were added into each well at E: T ratio of 2: 1. Each group had at least two replicate wells. Target cells co-cultured with un-transduced T cells served as negative control groups (Mock T) . Finally, the E-plate was placed on the detection platform for real-time dynamic cell killing detection. The cell supernatant was collected at 24hrs post-co-culture, and IFN-γ was detected using the ELISA method. The killing rate of EBV-CD70 TCR T cells at the specified time point was calculated.
[0297] As shown in Figures 20B~D, at the E: T ratio of 2: 1, EBV-CD70 TCR T cells exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on AGS-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CD70-) , SNU601-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CD70-) , Hela-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A-CD70+) cells, with corresponding cytotoxic ratios of 100%and dramatic IFN-γ secretion. In contrast, EBV TCR T cells exhibited cytotoxic effect on AGS-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CD70-) , SNU601-LMP2A (LMP2A+ CD70-) cells. CD70 TCR fusion T cells specifically recognized and eliminated Hela-A11-LMP2A (LMP2A-CD70+) cells.
[0298] In conclusion, dual-targeting EBV-CD70 TCR T cells exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against EBV / CD70 single-positive target cells, with stronger killing activity against EBV / CD70 double-positive tumor cells. In contrast, EBV TCR can recognize and eliminate EBV+ target cells; CD70 TCR fusion T cells can only recognize and kill CD70+ target cells.
[0299] Example 17: Functionality characterization of HPV-TROP2 TCR T cells against HPV / TROP2-positive tumor cells
[0300] To assess the positive expression of HPV TCR and TROP2 scFv in HPV-TROP2 TCR T cells from Example 2, sufficient HPV-TROP2 TCR T cells and un-transduced T cells were collected, washed with FACS buffer, stained with APC anti-m TCRβ Ab (BD, catalog number: 553174) and PE anti-GGGGS linker Ab (PreScience, catalog number: GS-ARPE100) , and analyzed as described in Example 12.
[0301] As shown in Figure 21A, the positive expression of HPV TCR and TROP2 TCR fusion on HPV-TROP2 TCR T cells was above 75%, which is comparable to that of single target HPV TCR T and TROP2 TCR fusion T cells, respectively.
[0302] The recognition and killing functions of HPV-TROP2TCR T cells against single / dual-target tumor cell lines in Example 2 were evaluated on several tumor cell lines expressing different antigens, including SCC152 (HPV+ TROP2-) , BxPC3 (HPV-TROP2+) , and Caski (HPV+TROP2+) .
[0303] Referring to the description in Example 4, Day 0: SCC152 (HPV+ TROP2-) , BxPC3 (HPV-TROP2+) , and Caski (HPV+ TROP2+) cells were collected, adjusted to the cell density of 4 ×105 cells / mL and seeded 2 × 104 cells into each well of the collagen-precoated RTCA E-plate after baseline measurement with the addition of 50 μL / well of 10%M10 medium. After 5 minutes resting, the 96-well E-plate was placed into the RTCA for continuous monitoring. Day 1: HPV TCR / TROP2 TCR fusion / HPV-TROP2 TCR-T cells were added into each well at the E: T ratio of 2: 1. Each group had at least two replicate wells. Target cells co-cultured with un-transduced T cells served as negative control groups (Mock T) . Finally, the E-plate was placed on the detection platform for real-time dynamic cell killing detection. The cell supernatant was collected at 24 hrs post-co-culture, and IFN-γ was detected using the ELISA method. The killing rate of HPV-TROP2 TCR T cells at the specified time point was calculated.
[0304] As shown in Figures 21B~D, at the E: T ratio of 2: 1, HPV-TROP2 TCR T cells exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on SCC152 (HPV+ TROP2-) , BxPC3 (HPV-TROP2+) , Caski (HPV+ TROP2+) , with corresponding cytotoxic ratios of 100%and dramatic IFN-γ secretion. In contrast, HPV TCR T cells only exhibited cytotoxic effect on SCC152 (HPV+ TROP2-) and Caski (HPV+ TROP2+) cells; TROP2 TCR fusion T cells only specifically recognized and eliminated BxPC3 (HPV-TROP2+) and Caski (HPV+ TROP2+) cells.
[0305] In conclusion, dual-targeting HPV-TROP2 TCR T cells exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against HPV / TROP2 single-positive target cells, with stronger killing activity against HPV / TROP2 double-positive tumor cells. In contrast, HPV TCR T cells can only recognize and eliminate HPV+ target cells; TROP2 TCR fusion T cells can only recognize and kill TROP2 target cells.
[0306] Example 18: Fully enclosed Automated Device for Engineering the Production of Dual-Targeting TCR-T Cells
[0307] The present application provides a fully enclosed device for engineered production of immune cells, comprising:
[0308] 1) A lymphocyte enrichment systemwhich is used for enriching a population of lymphocytes obtained from a donor subject;
[0309] 2) A T cell activation system which is used for activating the population of lymphocytes with one or more T-cell stimulating agents to produce a population of activated T cells;
[0310] 3) A transduction system which is used for transducing the population of activated T cells with a viral vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule encoding the dual-targeting T cell receptor complex; and
[0311] 4) An expansion system which is used for expanding the population of transduced T cell described in step (3) to produce a population of engineered T cells;
[0312] wherein the device is a fully enclosed device, and “fully enclosed” means that the cell in the process of production is not contact with air directly.
[0313] The above apparatus enables automated production of dual-targeting TCR-T cells according to the process steps in Figure 2. Compared to non-fully enclosed production systems, the fully enclosed production apparatus enhances the proliferation efficiency and cell survival rate of engineered immune cells.
[0314] To evaluate the stability of this fully closed automated system, three batches of dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells were produced by the fully closed automated system. In comparison, three additional batches of dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells were prepared by traditional manual process, following the standard procedure of lymphocyte sorting, T cell activation, lentiviral transduction, and static expansion culture (manual cell preparation) . Proliferation count and variability ratio were recorded for the six batches of HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells.
[0315] As shown in Figure 22A, the proliferation rate of three independent batches of dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells produced by the fully closed automated system was significantly higher than that of the manually produced cells. Till Day 12 for harvesting, the average cell count from fully closed automated system was approximately 10 times as many as manually prepared cells. As shown in Figure 22B, the survival rate of three independent batches of dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR T cells produced by the fully closed automated system was significantly higher than that of manually prepared cells. Till Day 12 for harvesting, the average viability rate of T cells from fully closed automated system was approximately 10%higher than that of the manual process. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the fully closed automated system is superior to the manual process, obtaining higher proliferation and variability of dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR-T cells.
[0316] In the production of engineered immune cells, rapid cell preparation processes can also be employed to control the entire production cycle to no more than 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36 hours.
[0317] The engineered T cells with the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex provided in the present application can not only specifically kill single-positive target cells but also eliminate double-positive tumor cells with high efficiency, which greatly reduces the risk of immune escape caused by the loss of single-target antigens. Meanwhile, the adoption of the dual-targeting strategy enables intracellular and extracellular signal transduction through the natural TCR-CD3 complex pathway to activate T cells, significantly lowering the probability of severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS) . The modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complex can target both surface and internal antigens, retain the natural TCR-mediated T cell activation mechanism to the greatest extent, and exhibit superior safety; Moreover, the modified dual-targeting T-cell receptor complexes also overcome tumor heterogeneity and prevents tumor escape caused by low or absent antigen expression.
[0318] It is particularly noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art to the present application shall fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
[0319] Sequence list:
Claims
1.A modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex, wherein the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex comprises a T cell receptor and a TCR fusion protein; the TCR comprises a TCRα chain and a TCRβ chain pairing or a TCRγ chain and a TCRδ chain pairing, and the TCR specifically binds to an antigenic peptide presented by an MHC molecule; the TCR fusion protein comprises a fragment comprising an antigen binding domain and a TCR-CD3 subunit, and the TCR fusion protein specifically binds to a membrane protein or an antigenic peptide presented by an MHC molecule.2.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex of claim 1, wherein the TCR specifically binds to the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule, and the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule comprises at least one selected from the group of HBV, EBV, HPV, CMV, HIV, MCPyV, gp100, KRAS, TP53, PIK3CA, EGFR, AFP, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A6, MAGE-A10, MAGE-A12, Tyrosinase, MART-1, CEA, Thyroglobulin, TGFβII frameshift antigen, HA-1, NY-ESO-1, NY-ESO-1&LAGE-1A, HERV-E, WT1, PSA, MSLN, GPC3, CD19, and PRAME.3.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the fragment comprising the antigen binding domain of the TCR fusion protein derives from at least one selected from the group of murine antibodies, rabbit antibodies, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, nanobodies, and TCR-like antibody fragments.4.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the TCR fusion protein specifically binds to the membrane protein or the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule, and the membrane protein or the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule comprises at least one selected from the group of GPC3, B7H3, B7H4, CEACAM1, CEACAM 5, CEACAM 6, HER2, HER3, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD28, CD30, CD33, CD38, CD40, CD45, CD52, CD56, CD70, CD79, CD80, CD81, CD86, CD123, CD133, CD137, CD171, CLL-1, cMET, EGFR, CLDN18.2, Claudin 6, TROP2, Tissue factor, Nectin-4, 5T4, MUC1, MUC16, MUC18, FAP, BCMA, DLL3, IL3RA, IL13RA2, NKG2DL, GPCR5D, PD-L1, MLSN, EPHA2, EPHA5, FRa, EpCAM, LIV1, Napi2b, SEZ6, ALPP, CDH6, CDH17, PSMA, SLAMF6, PTK7, STEAP1, ROR1, ROR2, CLEC12A, VEGFR-2, PMSA, c-Met, EGFRvIII, HER-2, HER3, HER-4, IGF1R, GUCY2C, GD2, GD3, GHRHR, GHR, Flt1, KDR, Flt4, CD44V6, CA125, CD151, CTLA-4, GITR, BTLA, TGFBR2, TGFBR1, IL6R, gp130, Lewis, TNFR1, TNFR2, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, HVEM, MAGE-A, MSLN, RANK, TNFRSF4, TWEAK-R, LTPR, LIFRP, LRP5, MUC1, TLR7, TLR9, PTCH1, WT-1, Robol, Frizzled, OX40, CD79b, Notch-1-4, HBV, EBV, HPV, CMV, HIV, MCPyV, gp100, KRAS, TP53, PIK3CA, EGFR, AFP, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A6, MAGE-A10, MAGE-A12, Tyrosinase, MART-1, CEA, Thyroglobulin, TGFβII frameshift antigen, HA-1, NY-ESO-1, NY-ESO-1&LAGE-1A, HERV-E, WT1, PSA, and PRAME.5.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the TCR specifically binds to the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule, and the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule is selected from the group of HBV, EBV, HPV, KRAS, AFP, MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1, and PRAME; andthe TCR fusion protein specifically binds to the membrane protein or the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule, and the membrane protein or the antigenic peptide presented by the MHC molecule is selected from the group of GPC3, AFP, B7H3, FAP, CLDN18.2, MSLN, GD2, HER2, CD70, EPCAM, TROP2, EGFR, and CDH17.6.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-5, wherein a combination of targets specifically binding to the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex are selected from the group consisting of:(a) HBV and GPC3;(b) HBV and AFP;(c) EBV and B7H3;(d) HBV and FAP;(e) AFP and GPC3;(f) KRAS and FAP;(g) KRAS and MSLN;(h) EBV and CLDN18.2;(i) EBV and CD70;(j) HPV and TROP2;(k) NYESO1 and EPCAM;(l) MAGE-A4 and GD2;(m) PRAME and HER2;(n) KRAS and EGFR;(o) KRAS and CDH17;(p) EBV and CDH17;(q) EBV and HER2;(r) KRAS and B7H3;(s) KRAS and CLDN18.2;(t) PRAME and FAP;(u) PRAME and Trop2;(v) PRAME and EPCAM;(w) NYESO1 and EGFR;(x) NYESO1 and GD2;(y) MAGE-A4 and EPCAM; and(z) MAGE-A4 and TROP2.7.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the TCR-CD3 subunit comprises an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain.8.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the TCR-CD3 subunit comprises CD3ε, CD3γ, CD3δ, and / or CD3ζ.9.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the fragment comprising the antigen binding domain of the TCR fusion protein is linked to CD3ε.10.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:(a) the amino acid sequence of HBs TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 1;(b) the amino acid sequence of EBV TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 2;(c) the amino acid sequence of HPV TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 3;(d) the amino acid sequence of KRAS TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 4;(e) the amino acid sequence of NYESO1 TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 5;(f) the amino acid sequence of AFP TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 6;(g) the amino acid sequence of MAGE-A4 TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 7; and(h) the amino acid sequence of PRAME TCR shown as SEQ ID NO: 8.11.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:(a) the amino acid sequence of GPC3 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 9;(b) the amino acid sequence of AFP TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 10;(c) the amino acid sequence of B7H3 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 11;(d) the amino acid sequence of FAP TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 12;(e) the amino acid sequence of CLDN18.2 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 13;(f) the amino acid sequence of MSLN TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 14;(g) the amino acid sequence of GD2 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 15;(h) the amino acid sequence of HER2 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 16;(i) the amino acid sequence of CD70 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 17;(j) the amino acid sequence of EPCAM TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 18;(k) the amino acid sequence of TROP2 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 19;(l) the amino acid sequence of EGFR TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 20; and(m) the amino acid sequence of CDH17 TCR fusion protein shown as SEQ ID NO: 21.12.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-11, wherein the TCR comprises a TCR α chain and a TCR β chain, which are linked by a self-cleaving polypeptide; the TCR fusion protein comprises a fragment comprising the antigen binding domain and a TCR-CD3 subunit, which are linked by a linker; and the TCR and the TCR fusion protein are linked by a self-cleaving polypeptide.13.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-11, wherein the TCR-CD3 subunit comprises an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain; the extracellular domain of the TCR-CD3 subunit is linked to the C-terminus of the fragment comprising the antigen-binding domain via a linker.14.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the sequence of the linker comprises (G4S) n, where n = 1 to 4.15.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex of claim 12, wherein the self-cleaving polypeptide comprises P2A, T2A, and / or F2A.16.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-15, wherein the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex further comprises a signal peptide.17.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-16, wherein the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex comprises at least one selected from the group of HBs-GPC3 TCR, HBs-AFP TCR, EBV-B7H3 TCR, HBs-FAP TCR, AFP-GPC3 TCR, KRAS-FAP TCR, KRAS-MSLN TCR, EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR, EBV-CD70 TCR, HPV-TROP2 TCR, NYESO1-EPCAM TCR, MAGE-A4-GD2 TCR, PRAME-HER2 TCR, KRAS-EGFR TCR, KRAS-CDH17 TCR, EBV-CDH17 TCR, EBV-HER2 TCR, KRAS-B7H3 TCR, KRAS-CLDN18.2 TCR, PRAME-FAP TCR, PRAME-Trop2 TCR, PRAME-EPCAM TCR, NYESO1-EGFR TCR, NYESO1-GD2 TCR, MAGE-A4-EPCAM TCR and MAGE-A4-TROP2 TCR.18.The modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex of claim 17, wherein the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:(a) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 22;(b) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting HBs-AFP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 24;(c) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-B7H3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 26;(d) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting HBs-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 28;(e) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting AFP-GPC3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 30;(f) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 32;(g) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-MSLN TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 34;(h) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 36;(i) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-CD70 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 38;(j) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting HPV-TROP2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 40;(k) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting NYESO1-EPCAM TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 42;(l) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting MAGE-A4-GD2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 44;(m) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting PRAME-HER2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 46;(n) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-EGFR TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 48;(o) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-CDH17 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 50;(p) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-CDH17 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 56;(q) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting EBV-HER2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 57;(r) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-B7H3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 58;(s) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting KRAS-CLDN18.2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 59;(t) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting PRAME-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 60;(u) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting PRAME-TROP2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 61;(v) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting PRAME-EPCAM TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 62;(w) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting NYESO1-EGFR TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 63;(x) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting NYESO1-GD2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 64;(y) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting MAGE-A4-EPCAM TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 65; and(z) the amino acid sequence of the dual-targeting MAGE-A4-TROP2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 66.19.A nucleic acid molecule encoding the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-18.20.The nucleic acid molecule of claim 19, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:(a) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting HBs-GPC3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 23;(b) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting HBs-AFP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 25;(c) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting EBV-B7H3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 27;(d) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting HBs-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 29;(e) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting AFP-GPC3 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 31;(f) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting KRAS-FAP TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 33;(g) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting KRAS-MSLN TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 35;(h) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting EBV-CLDN18.2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 37;(i) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting EBV-CD70 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 39;(j) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting HPV-TROP2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 41;(k) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting NYESO1-EPCAM TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 43;(l) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting MAGE-A4-GD2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 45;(m) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting PRAME-HER2 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 47;(n) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting KRAS-EGFR TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 49;(o) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the dual-targeting KRAS-CDH17 TCR complex shown as SEQ ID NO: 51.21.A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 19 or claim 20.22.The vector of claim 21, wherein the vector comprises at least one selected from the group of plasmids, binary vectors, DNA vectors, mRNA vectors, retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, transposon-based vectors, and artificial chromosomes.23.A host cell comprising the vector of claim 21 or claim 22.24.An immune cell comprising the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-18, the nucleic acid molecule of claim 19 or claim 20, or the vector of claim 21or claim 22.25.The immune cell of claim 24, wherein the immune cell comprises at least one selected from lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and mast cells.26.The immune cell of claim 25, wherein the immune cell is a T cell.27.The immune cell of claim 24, wherein the TCR and the TCR fusion protein form one TCR-CD3 complex.28.The immune cell of claim 24, wherein the TCR and the TCR fusion protein form two independent TCR-CD3 complexes, wherein the TCR forms the first TCR-CD3 complex with endogenous CD3 subunits, and the TCR fusion protein forms the second TCR-CD3 complex with endogenous TCR.29.A method for preparing the immune cell in any one of claims 24-28, wherein the method comprises the step of transducing the nucleic acid molecule in any one of claim19-20 or the vector in any one of claim 21-22 into immune cell.30.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-18, the nucleic acid molecule of claim19 or claim 20, the vector of claim 21or claim 22, the host cell of claim 23, or the immune cell in any one of claims 24-28.31.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 30, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an anti-tumor drug, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.32.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the anti-tumor drug comprises at least one selected from the group of interferons, immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, interleukins, and chemotherapeutic drugs.33.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 32, wherein the chemotherapeutic drugs comprise at least one selected from the group of cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, epirubicin, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, paclitaxel, and albumin-bound paclitaxel.34.Use of the modified dual-targeting T cell receptor complex in any one of claims 1-18, the nucleic acid molecule of claim 19 or claim 20, the vector of claim 21or claim 22, the host cell of claim 23, the immune cell in any one of claims 24-28, or the pharmaceutical composition in any one of claims 30-33 in the preparation of a drug for prevention and / or treatment and / or adjunctive treatment of cancer, delaying cancer progression, and reducing and / or inhibiting tumor recurrence.35.The use of claim 34, wherein the cancer comprises at least one selected from the group of liver cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, glioma, nasopharyngeal cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, urothelial carcinoma, osteosarcoma, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, small cell follicular lymphoma, large cell follicular lymphoma, malignant lymphoproliferative disorder, MALT lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplasia, myelodysplastic syndrome, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, and macroglobulinemia.36.A device for engineering production of the immune cell of claim 24, wherein the device comprises:1) A lymphocyte enrichment system which is used for enriching a population of lymphocytes obtained from a donor subject;2) A T cell activation system which is used for activating the population of lymphocytes with one or more T-cell stimulating agents to produce a population of activated T cells;3) A transduction system which is used for transducing the population of activated T cells with a viral vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule encoding the dual-targeting T cell receptor complex of claim 1; and4) An expansion system which is used for expanding the population of transduced T cells described in step 3) to produce a population of engineered T cells;wherein the device is a fully enclosed device, and “fully enclosed” means that the cell in the process of production is not contact with air directly.
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