Access control for sensing services

Abstract

An apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network node, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service; means for initiating one of the at least one sensing service; means for performing, based on the access information, access barring check for the initiated sensing service by using the access control barring information associated with the initiated sensing service; and means for, no earlier than the access barring check is passed, transmitting a request for establishing a connection for the initiated sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service.

Description

[0001] ACCESS CONTROL FOR SENSING SERVICES TECHNICAL FIELDVarious example embodiments of present disclosure relate to wireless communications andin particular but not exclusively to a method, apparatuses, network devices, a networksystem, computer readable media and computer program for implementing access controlfor sensing services. BACKGROUND A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network. A communication device may be provided with a service by an application server. The communication networks operate in accordance with standards such as those provided by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute). Examples of standards provided by 3GPP are the so-called 3GPP standards for cellular technology generations, such as 3GPP standards for 4G technology, 5G technology, etc. SUMMARY The invention is specified by independent claims. Exemplified embodiments are defined in dependent claims.Some example embodiments of present disclosure will be described with respect to certainaspects. These aspects are not intended to indicate key or essential features of the various example embodiments of this disclosure, nor are they intended to be used to limit the scope of thereof. Other features, aspects, and elements will be apparent to a person skilled in theart in view of present disclosure. For example, it should be appreciated that further aspectsmay be provided by the combination of any two or more of the various aspects described below. According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from a network node, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service; means for initiating one of the at least one sensing service; means for performing, based on the access information, access barring check for the initiated sensing service by using the access control barring information associated with theinitiated sensing service; and means for, no earlier than the access barring check is passed,transmitting a request for establishing a connection for the initiated sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service.In some embodiments, the access information comprises at least one of the following: atleast one access identity; or at least one access category.In some embodiments, the at least one sensing service comprises at least one of thefollowing: mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; oractions associated with a sensing reference unit.In some embodiments, the access information for the at least one sensing servicecomprises at least one of the following: an access identity indicating that a wireless terminalis configured for Mission Critical Sensing; an access identity indicating that a wirelessterminal is configured as a sensing reference unit; an access category associated with anaccess attempt type for mobile oriented sensing; an access category associated with anaccess attempt type for sensing data reporting over control plane; or an access categoryassociated with an access attempt type for sensing data reporting over user plane. In some embodiment, the access information for the at least one sensing service and the access control barring information for the at least one sensing service are received in system information block 1. In some embodiments, the request for establishing the connection for the initiated sensing service is a radio resource control setup request.In some embodiments, the indication of the initiated sensing service comprises a causevalue for the initiated sensing service. According to an aspect, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, from a network node, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barringinformation for the at least one sensing service; initiating one of the at least one sensingservice; performing, based on the access information, access barring check for the initiatedsensing service by using the access control barring information associated with the initiatedsensing service; and no earlier than the access barring check is passed, transmitting arequest for establishing a connection for the initiated sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service. According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least oneprocessor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network node, accessinformation for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for theat least one sensing service; initiate one of the at least one sensing service; perform, basedon the access information, access barring check for the initiated sensing service by usingthe access control barring information associated with the initiated sensing service; and noearlier than the access barring check is passed, transmit a request for establishing a connection for the initiated sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service.According to an aspect there is provided an apparatus comprising means for transmitting,to a wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and accesscontrol barring information for the at least one sensing service; means for receiving, fromthe wireless terminal, a request for establishing a connection for an initiated sensing service within the at least one sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of theinitiated sensing service; and means for transmitting, to the wireless terminal, a responsemessage for the request based on a determination result of accepting or rejecting the request based on the indication of the initiated sensing service.In some embodiments, the access information comprises at least one of the following: atleast one access identity; or at least one access category.In some embodiments, the at least one sensing service comprises at least one of thefollowing: mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; oractions associated with a sensing reference unit.In some embodiments, the access information for the at least one sensing servicecomprises at least one of the following: an access identity indicating that a wireless terminalis configured for Mission Critical Sensing; an access identity indicating that a wirelessterminal is configured as a sensing reference unit; an access category associated with anaccess attempt type for mobile oriented sensing; an access category associated with anaccess attempt type for sensing data reporting over control plane; or an access categoryassociated with an access attempt type for sensing data reporting over user plane. In some embodiments, the access information for the at least one sensing service and theaccess control barring information for the at least one sensing service are transmitted insystem information block 1.In some embodiments, the request for establishing the connection for the initiated sensingservice is a radio resource control setup request.In some embodiments, the indication of the initiated sensing service comprises a causevalue for the initiated sensing service. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for determining to restrictor to permit the at least one sensing service, wherein means for transmitting, to the wirelessterminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service comprises: means for transmitting, to the wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing servicecomprises based on the determination of restricting or permitting the at least one sensingservice. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from an access and mobility management function, an overload message comprising an indicationof rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service, wherein means for transmitting,to the wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and accesscontrol barring information for the at least one sensing service comprises: means fortransmitting, to the wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service comprises based on the overload message. In some embodiments, the indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensingservice comprise at least one of the following indications: rejecting mobile originatedsignaling for sensing data reporting; rejecting mobile originated data for sensing datareporting; reject the mobile originated signaling and the mobile originated data for sensingdata reporting; rejecting or permitting mobile originated signaling for a sensing referenceunit; or rejecting or permitting mobile originated data for a sensing reference unit.According to an aspect, there is provided a method comprising transmitting, to a wirelessterminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barringinformation for the at least one sensing service; receiving, from the wireless terminal, arequest for establishing a connection for an initiated sensing service within the at least one sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of the initiated sensingservice; and transmitting, to the wireless terminal, a response message for the requestbased on a determination result of accepting or rejecting the request based on the indication of the initiated sensing service. According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least oneprocessor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a wireless terminal, accessinformation for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for theat least one sensing service; receive, from the wireless terminal, a request for establishinga connection for an initiated sensing service within the at least one sensing service, whereinthe request comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service; and transmit, to thewireless terminal, a response message for the request based on a determination result of accepting or rejecting the request based on the indication of the initiated sensing service.According to an aspect there is provided an apparatus comprising means for transmitting,to a network node, an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting at least one sensing service. In some embodiments, the indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensingservice comprise at least one of the following indications: rejecting mobile originatedsignaling for sensing data reporting; rejecting mobile originated data for sensing datareporting; rejecting the mobile originated signaling and the mobile originated data forsensing data reporting; rejecting or permitting mobile originated signaling for a sensingreference unit; or rejecting or permitting mobile originated data for a sensing reference unit.In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for determining to reject orto permit the at least one sensing service; wherein means for transmitting, to the networknode, the overload message comprising the indication of rejecting or permitting the at leastone sensing service comprises: means for transmitting, to the network node, the overloadmessage comprising the indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service based on the determination of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service. According to an aspect, there is provided a method comprising: transmitting, to a network node, an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting at least one sensing service. According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a network node, an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting at least one sensing service.According to an aspect, there is provided a first apparatus comprising: means for receiving,from a second apparatus, an indication of barring at least one sensing service; means for collecting data for the at least one sensing service; and means for avoiding reporting the collected data via the peer device based on the indication of barring the at least one sensing service. In some embodiments, the at least one sensing service comprises at least one of the following:mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or actionsassociated with a sensing reference unit. In some embodiments, the second apparatus is configured as a sidelink relay or a UE-to- Network relay for the first apparatus.According to an aspect, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, from a secondapparatus, an indication of barring at least one sensing service; collecting data for the atleast one sensing service; and avoiding reporting the collected data via the peer devicebased on the indication of barring the at least one sensing service. According to an aspect, there is provided a first apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least oneprocessor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive. from a second apparatus, an indicationof barring at least one sensing service; collect data for the at least one sensing service; andavoid reporting the collected data via the peer device based on the indication of barring the at least one sensing service. According to an aspect, there is provided a second apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from a network node, an indication of access barring of at least one sensing service; and means for transmitting, based on the indication of access barring of at least one sensing service, indication of barring at least one sensing service to a first apparatus. In some embodiments, the at least one sensing service comprises at least one of thefollowing: mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; oractions associated with a sensing reference unit. In some embodiments, the second apparatus is configured to be as a sidelink relay or a UE-to-Network relay for the first apparatus. According to an aspect, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, from a networknode, an indication of access barring of at least one sensing service; and transmitting,based on the indication of access barring of at least one sensing service, indication of barring at least one sensing service to a first apparatus. According to an aspect, there is provided a second apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at leastone processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network node, an indicationof access barring of at least one sensing service; and transmit, based on the indication ofaccess barring of at least one sensing service, indication of barring at least one sensing service to a first apparatus.According to an aspect, there is provided a third apparatus comprising: means for receiving,from a fourth apparatus, an indication of barring at least one sensing service; means forcollecting data for an initiated sensing service of the at least one sensing service; and means for transmitting, to the fourth apparatus, the collected data with an access identity of the initiated sensing service. In some embodiments, the at least one sensing service comprises at least one of the following:mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or actionsassociated with a sensing reference unit.In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus is configured as a sidelink relay or a UE-to-Network relay for the third apparatus.According to an aspect, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, from a fourthapparatus, an indication of barring at least one sensing service; collecting data for aninitiated sensing service of the at least one sensing service; and transmitting, to the fourthapparatus, the collected data with an access identity of the initiated sensing service. According to an aspect, there is provided a third apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at leastone processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a fourth apparatus, anindication of barring at least one sensing service; collect data for an initiated sensing serviceof the at least one sensing service; and transmit, to the fourth apparatus, the collected datawith an access identity of the initiated sensing service. According to an aspect, there is provided a fourth apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from a network node, an indication of access barring of at least one sensing service; means for transmitting, based on the indication of access barring of at least onesensing service, indication of barring at least one sensing service to a third apparatus;means for receiving, from the third apparatus, data of an initiated sensing service in the atleast one sensing service with an access identity of the initiated sensing service; means forperforming access barring check based on the access identity of the initiated sensing service; means for transmitting, to the network node, the data when the access barringcheck is passed; and means for rejecting the data of the initiated sensing service if theaccess barring check fails. In some embodiments, the at least one sensing service comprises at least one of the following:mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or actionsassociated with a sensing reference unit.In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus is configured as a sidelink relay or a UE-to-Network relay for the third apparatus. According to an aspect, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, from a network node, an indication of access barring of at least one sensing service; transmitting, based on the indication of access barring of at least one sensing service, indication of barring at leastone sensing service to a third apparatus; receiving, from the third apparatus, data of aninitiated sensing service in the at least one sensing service with an access identity of theinitiated sensing service; performing access barring check based on the access identity ofthe initiated sensing service; transmitting, to the network node, the data when the accessbarring check is passed; and rejecting the data of the initiated sensing service if the accessbarring check fails. According to an aspect, there is provided a fourth apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at leastone processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network node, an indicationof access barring of at least one sensing service; transmit, based on the indication of access barring of at least one sensing service, indication of barring at least one sensing service toa third apparatus; receive, from the third apparatus, data of an initiated sensing service inthe at least one sensing service with an access identity of the initiated sensing service; perform access barring check based on the access identity of the initiated sensing service;transmit, to the network node, the data when the access barring check is passed; and rejectthe data of the initiated sensing service if the access barring check fails. According to an aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the method according to any of the preceding aspects. In the above, many different aspects have been described. As previously noted, it should be appreciated that further aspects may be provided by the combination of any two or more of the aspects described above. Other features, aspects, and elements will become apparent in view of the following.DESCRIPTION OF FIGURESThe above and other aspects and their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims. FIG.1 shows an example of a 5thgeneration communication system; FIG.2 shows an example of an apparatus for the communication system of FIG.1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;FIG. 3 shows an example an apparatus according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure; FIG.4 shows a schematic diagram of a use case expecting UE assistance is the UAV flighttrajectory tracing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;FIG.5 shows a schematic diagram of a use case of Transparent Sensing and Spatial Mapping / Localization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG.6 shows a schematic diagram of UEs in a target area for 3D mapping according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. ; FIG.7 shows a schematic diagram of a use case of detecting an intruder in a smart home. FIG. 8 a schematic diagram of a process / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG.9 shows a schematic diagram of a process / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG.10 shows a schematic diagram of a process / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG.11 shows a schematic diagram of a process / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 14 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 15 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 16 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 17 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and FIG. 18 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTIONIn the following various example embodiments are described with reference tocommunication devices capable of communicating with a communication system. To helpunderstand various example embodiments in the context better, a 5th generationcommunication system (5GS), an access network and a 5G core network (5GC) thereof,and communication devices are described for illustrative purpose with reference to FIGS.1, 2 and 3. Note that methods and apparatuses in each embodiment of the presentdisclosure are not limited to applications in the 5GS and may be applied in 6G and beyond communication systems. Note that, in the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by person skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a 5GS. The 5GS may comprise a userequipment (UE) (or Terminal (node)), an access network, such as a (radio) access network((R)AN) or a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN), a 5GC, and one or moreapplication functions (AFs). One AF may be deployed in the 5GS as a trusted AF. Inaddition, an AF may be deployed or hosted on one or more application servers of a datanetwork (DN). Such AF, in this instance, are an untrusted AF. The 5GS connects the UE tothe DN via the access network and the 5GC (e.g., a user plane function (UPF) of the 5GC).The (R)AN (e.g., base station (BS)) may comprise one or more radio access nodes, suchas a gNodeB (gNB). The gNB may include one or more gNB distributed units (DUs)connected to one or more gNB centralized units (CUs).The 5GC may comprise the following network functions: a Network Slice Selection Function(NSSF) (not shown in FIG. 1); a Network Exposure Function (NEF); a Network RepositoryFunction (NRF) (not shown in FIG. 1); a Policy Control Function (PCF) (not shown in FIG.1); a Unified Data Management (UDM); Application Function(s) (AF(s)) (not shown in FIG.1); an Authentication Server Function (AUSF); an Access and Mobility ManagementFunction (AMF); a Session Management Function (SMF); a UPF; and sensing managementfunction (SeMF) (not shown in FIG. 1). FIG. 1 also shows various interfaces (N1, N2, …,etc.) that are implemented between the various network elements of the 5GS.FIG.2 illustrates an example of a network apparatus 20 for controlling / implementing one ormore (network) functions or one or more network entities of the 5GS shown in FIG.1 (e.g.,the (R)AN illustrated in FIG.1, a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN), a BS, a gNB gNB-CU, agNB gNB-DU, the NEF, the UDM, the AUSF, the AMF, the SMF, the UPF, …, etc). That is,in some embodiments, each (network) function or each network entity of the 5GC isdeployed or hosted on one the network apparatus 20. In alternative embodiments, two ormore (network) functions or network entities of the access network 102 may share onecontrol apparatus 20. The network apparatus 20 may comprise at least one processor 200(such as a microprocessor or Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), a storage unit210 and a communication unit 220. The storage unit 210 may be any (non-transitory) datastorage device that stores a program code 212, which is accessed and executed by theprocessor 200. Examples of the storage unit 210 include but are not limited to read-onlymemory (ROM), flash memory, random-access memory (RAM), hard-disk, and optical datastorage device. The communication unit 220 may be a transceiver and is used to transmitand receive signals (e.g., signaling, messages or packets) according to processing resultsof the processor 200. In an example, the communication unit 220 transmits and / or receivesthe signals via an interface unit 222. In some embodiments, the interface unit 222 may beinternally or externally arranged to the network apparatus 20 and may comprise one or moreantenna elements. The antenna arrangement may be a multi-input multi output (MIMO)antenna. In some embodiments, the communication unit 220 and / or the interface unit 222may be implemented by an external device (electrically) coupled to the network apparatus 20.In some embodiments, the processor 200, the storage unit 210 (e.g., ROM and the RAM),the communication unit 220 and other circuitry (e.g., a modem) of the network apparatus20 may be provided on a circuit board, in chipsets, or in a system on chip.FIG.3 illustrates an example of a communication device 30, such as the UE in FIG.1 (e.g.,terminal (device)). The communication device 30 may be implemented by any devicecapable of sending and receiving radio signals. Non-limiting examples of a communicationdevice 30 comprise a mobile station (MS) or mobile device, such as a mobile phone or whatis known as a ’smart phone’, a computer provided with a wireless interface card or otherwireless interface facility (e.g., a USB (Universal Serial Bus) dongle), a personal dataassistant (PDA) or a tablet provided with wireless communication capabilities, a machine- type communications (MTC) device, an Internet of things (IoT) type communication deviceor any combinations of these or the like. The communication device 30 may comprise atleast one processor 300 (such as a microprocessor or ASIC), a storage unit 310 and acommunication unit 320. The storage unit 310 may be any (non-transitory) data storagedevice that stores a program code 312, which is accessed and executed by the processor300. Examples of the storage unit 310 include but are not limited to a subscriber identitymodule (SIM), ROM, flash memory, RAM, hard-disk, and optical data storage device. Thecommunication unit 320 may be a transceiver and is used to transmit and receive signals(e.g., signaling, messages or packets) according to processing results of the processor 300.In an example, the communication unit 320 transmits and / or receives the signals via aninterface unit 322. In some embodiments, the interface unit 322 may be internally orexternally arranged to the network apparatus 30 and may comprise one or more antennaelements. The antenna arrangement may be a multi-input multi output (MIMO) antenna. Insome embodiments, the communication unit 320 and / or the interface unit 322 may be implemented by an external device (electrically) coupled to the network apparatus 30.In some embodiments, the communication device 30 may optionally have a user interface,such as keypad 305, a touch sensitive screen or a touch pad, combinations thereof or the like. Optionally one or more of a display, a speaker and a microphone may be provideddepending on the type of communication device 30.In some embodiments, the processor 300, the storage unit 310 (e.g., ROM and / or RAM),the communication unit 320 and other circuitry of the communication device 30 (e.g., amodem) can be provided on a circuit board, in chipsets, or in a system on chip. In the present disclosure, ID refers to identity, identifier or identification.Via sensing services, it is able to obtain awareness of scene surrounding a sensing device,which includes the capability to: detect, localize and track objects; to form images; and / orto extract features for recognition / classification purposes, etc. Up to recently, the mostwidely deployed sensing techniques are not based on communication systems (e.g., 5GS) but on dedicated radar (ranging from ultra-wideband up 80 GHz) as well as optical sensing based on lidar. In recent years, 3GPP has started study of use cases and service requirements on Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC). Wireless sensing enables the acquisition of information about characteristics of the environment and / or objects within theenvironment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, speed, location, distances or relative motionbetween objects, etc.) using wireless signals (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signals). Severaluse cases have been agreed and captured in some latest 3GPP Technical Reports.Amongst the agreed use cases, there are various use cases in which a UE assists inobtaining a sensing data in conjunction with the RAN (i.e., BS). Three relevant use casesare presented below. “UAV FLIGHT TRAJECTORY TRACING BY 5G SYSTEM” USE CASE: One use case expecting UE assistance is the UAV flight trajectory tracing as illustrated inFIG. 4. The UAV flight is traced via sensing performed by the RAN along a flight trajectoryof the UAV. Apart from acquiring sensing data by the RAN, the UEs connected to the RAN can be configured to assist in obtaining the sensing data. The potential scenarios in which the UE aided sensing is beneficial are:- UE is present in a shorter distance away from the UAV than the RAN entities.- UE is in a reflection direction with larger Radar Cross Section (RCS) than the RANentities.For this scenario to work, the 5GS needs to support means to authorize the RAN and theUEs in a certain location area generating and reporting sensing measurement data (e.g.,related to position and velocity of a UAV) to a 5G sensing processing entity.“SPATIAL LOCATION SERVICES ENABLER” USE CASE:Another related use case is Transparent Sensing and Spatial Mapping / Localization. In thisuse case, the sensing data is used to create spatial (i.e., 3D) mapping for localization asshown in FIG.5. Any UEs in the target area for 3D mapping can be involved in producingthe sensing data as illustrated in FIG.6. To support this use case, subject to user consent,a network operator policy and national or regional regulation, the 5GS may support amechanism to enable the RAN and the UEs to acquire NR-based sensing measurementdata, to capture information about the nearby environment. In addition, subject to theoperator policy and relevant regional and national regulation, the 5GS may supportmechanisms for an authorized UE to provide sensor measurement data that can be used to produce or modify a spatial map. “SENSING OPERATION AT HOME” USE CASE The other use case is to detect an intruder in a smart home. The RAN or the UE deployed at home is used as a sensing signal transmitter, receiver or both as shown in FIG.7. In this scenario, specific RAN node(s) and / or UE(s) in or nearby home are selected to perform sensing.For the above exemplified use cases, the following two sensing methods can be used withUE(s) assistance for realizing the sensing service:- RAN (BS) transmits a sensing signal and UE(s) receives the sensing signal to obtainsensing data.- UE transmits a sensing signal and RAN (BS) receives the sensing signal to obtainsensing data.These sensing methods leverages a wireless link between the RAN and the UE. In contrast,there are the other use cases that one or more UEs performs sensing over sidelink which are used for direct UE-to-UE communications, discovery of UE in close proximity and UE-to-NW (network) relay, etc. One intuitive use case is to assist automotive manoeuvring andnavigation. For example, a vehicle equipped with the UE obtains information about othervehicles and / or environment for Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). In thisscenario, the vehicles, the pedestrians and roadside unit(s) (RSU(s)) are involved insensing over the sidelink, to obtain the sensing data / information from each other.For any use case thereof, the UE can be a sensing client to request a sensing service fromthe NW (e.g., RAN or 5GS). In case that the UE collects a sensing data as a sensingreceiver, the UE needs to report the collected sensing data to the NW where the collecteddata is processed to derive sensing results. Sensing operations upon request from asensing client might incur the overload situation in the NW. Thus, the sensing data reporting to the NW could be a root cause of NW congestion. Due to the various and practical uses cases of the ISAC, it is expected that sensing trafficwill significantly grow in future communication systems. If the ISAC is deployed in thenetwork and the traffic overload is observed in the NW, the following items may need to be discussed: How to perform access control for UE as a sensing client? When a UE as a sensing client initiates a Sensing Service Request amid the NW congestion, the NW may wish to restrict the sensing service and prioritize other services (e.g., emergency call, high priority access, etc.) or prioritize the sensing service over otherservices. However, in the existing art, all NAS (non-access stratum) messages areclassified into “MO-Signaling” for which the same Access Class Barring (ACB) parametersare applied. In other words, the NW cannot perform different ACB policies on the Sensing Service Request and the other NAS messages. How to perform access control when a sensing data is reported from UE?When a UE acts as a sensing receiver to assist a sensing operation, the UE collects thesensing data measured over a sensing signal and reports the collected sensing data to thesensing processing entity in the NW. There may be sheer volume of sensing data reportedto the sensing processing entity, depending on the use case and service quality requiredfor the sensing results. The reporting data per se may be a root cause of a NW congestion.Thus, the NW may need to limit the sensing data reporting, especially when the NWcongestion has been observed. However, all Control-plane data is treated with the sameACB parameter setting. Similarly, all User-plane data is treated in the same way, no matterwhat the content is delivered over the User-plane. Thus, the NW cannot restrict the sensing data reporting no matter the sensing data is delivered over the control-plane or the user-plane because the sensing data cannot be distinguished from the other C / U-plane data. Inaddition, the UE may be utilized as a Sensing Reference Unit (SRU) (e.g., PRU) to transmitor to receive the sensing signal. When the SRU acts as a sensing receiver and reports thecollected sensing data to the NW, the NW cannot distinguish the sensing data from the SRUfrom that from normal UE. How to perform access control for UE performing sensing over sidelink?As per 3GPP, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication via sidelink is plausible in E-UTRA(Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) or NR (New Radio). It is also possible that aUE-A acts as RELAY and allows another UE-B to send a message / data to the network viathe UE-A. The transferred message / data could be mobility message or session relatedmessages (PDU (protocol data unit) sessions) or sensing data. In case of the UE-to-UEsensing, where the UE-B operates as a sensing receiver which collects the sensing datameasured over a sensing signal and reports the collected sensing data to the sensingprocessing entity in the NW via the other relay UE-A. In this case, the relay UE-A should beable to apply access barring check based on the data from the UE-B, i.e. the UE-A shouldbe able to accept or reject receiving the sensing data from the UE-B.In the present disclosure, methods and / or apparatuses and / or systems are proposed toenable the NW and / or the UE to apply sensing specific access control which candifferentiated from the access control for other types of communications. In the presentdisclosure, at least the following three types of access control are introduced: Access control for UE as a sensing clientThe access control for the UE as a sensing client enables / allows the NW to differentiate aservice request for sensing services from other service requests received from the UE (e.g.,in case of the NW overload situation). Different parameter settings of access control can beapplied for the sensing service and the other services, therefore.Access control for sensing assisting UEThe access control for sensing assisting UE enables the NW to allow / limit sensing datareporting from the UE (e.g., in case of the NW congestion). For example, the NW may applydifferent access control actions with respect to the reporting method, i.e., either the sensingdata is reported via Control-plane or User-plane. Access control for D2D for sensing signalsThe access control for D2D for sensing signals allows a UE to determine whether to acceptor to reject receiving sensing data from another UE (i.e., via sidelink connection). Forexample, if / when a UE1 acts / works as a sensing receiver which collects the sensing datameasured over a sensing signal and reports the collected sensing data to the sensingprocessing entity in the NW via another UE2 and the UE2 does not allow the UE1 to usesidelink connection for transmitting the sensing data, at least one of the following may beimplemented: -The UE2 sends accessClass barring to the UE1 over PC5 interface (i.e., viaannouncement). Based on the received accessClass barring, the UE1 will not send thesensing data over the D2D communication via the UE2. In other words, the UE1 will not usethe sidelink connection with the UE2 to forward the sensing data;- As an alternative or in addition, the UE1 sends access ID information to theUE2 over the sidelink connection. The UE2 applies access barring check and accordinglydetermine to allow or reject the traffic. In some embodiments, the UE2 can trigger theaccess barring check after receiving accessClass barring of sensing data from the NW andthe UE2 may relay the same information to the UE1. In some embodiments, based on thepolicy, the public safety device or other resource critical device, may send information ofthe accessClass barring of sensing data to neighboring UEs (e.g., UE1) and the neighboringUE should not use sidelink channel via the UE2 to send the sensing data. FIG.8 shows a schematic diagram of a process / procedure according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. Based on the process / procedure shown in FIG. 8, access controlfor UEs initiating sensing service request or mission critical sensing service request can beactivated or deactivated. The process / procedure shown in FIG.8 comprises the following steps:Step 800a / 800b: The AMF or the BS (e.g., RAN) decides / determines to restrict sensingservice request from the UE (i.e., MO (Mobile Originating) sensing) due to e.g., CN or RANoverload, or to permit mission critical sensing even in the overload situation.In some embodiments of 800a, the AMF is triggered to initiate this process (i.e., to restrictsensing service request from the UE) by / based on at least one of the following:- requested by OAM (Operations, Administration and Maintenance);- The BS informs the AMF about the overload. For example, the BS may providesensing overload indications / information to the AMF and the AMF triggers theprocess. Examples of the sensing overload indications / information comprises at least one of: oThe volume of sensing data which BS report to SeMF (via C-plane / U-plane);o The number of concurrent sensing sessions over the BS;o The ratio of sensing radio resources used over the BS.- The BS informs the AMF about the overload condition without any specificreason / conditions. For example, based on AMF internal logic, the AMF may decideto activate access control to prohibit UEs initiating sensing services request andaccordingly informs the BS in step 801.- Configured local policy: Local policy can be time based, or event based (e.g.,if / when some BSs are down, sensing requests in the other BSs may need to bestopped or controlled)Step 801: In case of the AMF decision in step 800a, the AMF issues / transmits, to theBS, an NGAP (Next Generation Application Protocol) overload start message over N2interface which includes / indicates at least one of the following actions / indications:- Overload action: reject MO sensing or permit mission critical sensing;- Traffic load reduction indication which indicates the percentage of rejectingincoming service request from UE. Note that, the AMF may utilize a protocol different from the NGAP to issue / transmit the NGAP overload start message. For example, a 6G protocol equivalent / similar to the NGAP may be used for issuing / transmitting the NGAP overload start message.Step 802: Upon / After / When / If receiving the NGAP overload start message or in caseof the BS decision in step 800b, the BS starts broadcasting SIB1 (system information block1) including:- An access category for MO sensing or an access ID for mission critical sensing;- UAC barring information set such as barring factor (corresponding to the trafficload reduction indication in the NGAP overload start message) and barring time (meaning how long UE should wait for another attempt to initiate sensing service request).Step 803: The UE acquires / receives the SIB1 and, from / based on the received SIB,retrieves the UAC barring information for the MO sensing or the mission critical sensing.Step 804: The UE in RRC_IDLE mode or RRC_INACTIVE mode initiates a sensingservice request or a service request for mission critical sensing.Step 805: According to the UAC barring information obtained in step 803, the UEperforms access barring check for MO sensing or mission critical sensing.Step 806a / 806b: If the access barring check passes, the UE initiates to transmit anRRCSetupRequest message which includes an RRC establishment cause for the MOsensing or the mission critical sensing (806a). If the access barring check fails, the UEinitiates another request for the MO sensing or the mission critical sensing after / when thebarring time expires (806b).Step 807: In response to the RRCSetupRequest message, the BS may accept theRRC setup request from the UE. As an alternative, the BS may still check the received RRCestablishment cause and decide to reject the RRC setup request based on the cause value, e.g., MO sensing.Step 808: According to BS decision in step 807, the RRCSetup or RRCReject messageis sent to the UE from the BS.Step 809a / 809b: If the overload situation is mitigated, the AMF or the BS may decideto stop restricting the sensing service request or to stop prioritizing mission critical sensing.Step 810: In case of AMF decision in step 809, the AMF issues an NGAP overload stopmessage to the BS over N2 interface.Step 811: Upon / After receiving the NGAP overload stop message or in case of BSdecision in step 809b, the BS updates SIB1 contents by releasing UAC barring formation for the MO sensing or the mission critical sensing. Note that the process / procedure shown in FIG. 8 can be applied for the UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode. For example, the UE may perform step 804 while in the RRC_CONNECTED mode and accordingly initiate transmitting the sensing service request (step 806). In some embodiments, steps 800a / 800b to 808 and steps 809a / 809b to 811 may be separated to two procedures / processes. FIG.9 shows a schematic diagram of a process / procedure according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. In the process / procedure shown in FIG. 9, the SeMF is configuredto decide whether the sensing service request is accepted or rejected. The process / procedure shown in FIG.9 comprises the following steps:Step 901: The UE transmits a sensing service request to the SeMF via the RAN. Thesensing service request comprises information / indication of a type of sensing service (e.g., mission critical sensing).Step 902: After / Upon / When receiving the sensing service request, the SeMFdetermines that this service request is for certain sensing service based on the information / indication of the type of sensing service (e.g., mission critical sensing). TheSeMF then determines to accept or to reject the sensing service request of such type ofsensing service, e.g., based on OAM policy / request, threshold value, …, etc.Step 903: In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the SeMF determines to reject thesensing service request and transmits a sensing service request reject message to the UE. The sensing service request reject message may include a case value (e.g., indication of “overload”) associated with the rejection. FIG.10 shows a schematic diagram of a process / procedure according to an embodimentof the present disclosure. In the process / procedure shown in FIG.10, the access control forUE (e.g., an SRU (sensing reference unit)) to report the sensing data can be activated anddeactivated. Particularly, the process / procedure shown in FIG.10 enables / disables access control for sensing data reporting via Control-plane or User-plane and / or allows the UE as the SRU to be distinguished from normal UE. The process / procedure shown in FIG. 10 comprises the following steps:Step 1000a / 1000b: The AMF or the BS (e.g., RAN) decides / determines to restrict sensingservice request from the UE (i.e., MO for sensing) due to e.g., CN or RAN overload, or permit mission critical sensing even in the overload situation.In some embodiments, the AMF is triggered to initiate this process (i.e., to restrict sensingservice request from the UE) by / based on at least one of the following:- requested by OAM;- The BS informs the AMF about the overload. For example, the RAN may providesensing overload indications / information to the AMF and the AMF triggers theprocess. Examples of the sensing overload indications / information comprises at least one of: oThe volume of sensing data which BS report to SeMF (via C-plane / U-plane);o The number of concurrent sensing sessions over the BS;o The ratio of sensing radio resources used over the BS.- The BS informs the AMF about the overload condition without any specificreason / conditions. For example, based on AMF internal logic, the AMF may decideto activate access control to prohibit UEs initiating sensing services request. The AMF accordingly informs the BS in step 801.- Configured local policy. Local policy can be time based, or event based (e.g.,if / when some BSs are down, stop or control sensing requests in the other BSs)Step 1001: Upon / After / When / If AMF decides to restrict sensing data reporting via C-plane,U-plane or both from UE or only SRU, the AMF sends the NGAP overload start messageover the N2 interface, to indicates a corresponding overload action, such as;o Reject MO signaling for sensing data reporting (i.e., data reporting over C-plane)o Reject MO data for sensing data reporting (i.e., data reporting over U-plane)o Reject both MO signaling and MO data for sensing data reporting (i.e., datareporting over both C-plane and U-plane) oReject or permit MO signaling for SRUo Reject or permit MO data for SRUStep 1002: According to the overload action requested in the NGAP overload start messagein step 1001 or the decision made in step 1000b, the BS broadcasts SIB1 comprisinginformation / indication of at least one of the following: oAn access category of MO signaling for sensing data reporting; oro An access category of MO data for sensing data reporting; oro Access categories of MO signaling and data for sensing data reporting; oro An access ID for SRUIn some embodiments, such information / indication is conveyed together with the corresponding UAC barring information set, such as barring factor and barring time.Step 1003: The UE acquires / receives the SIB1 and, from / based on the received SIB,retrieves the UAC barring information for sensing data reporting via CP or UP.Step 1004: The UE initiates a sensing service reporting via CP or UP.Step 1005: According to the UAC barring information obtained in step 1003, the UEperforms access barring check for the sensing data reporting. (via C / U-plane) if / wheninitiating the sensing data reporting.Step 1006a: If / When / After the access barring check passes, the UE transmits anRRCSetupRequest message to the BS, to establish connection for the sensing datareporting. The corresponding cause value of sensing data reporting (e.g., MO signaling forsensing data reporting, MO data for sensing data reporting) or SRU is included in the RRCSetupRequest message.Step 1006b: If / When / After the access barring fails, the UE initiates another request for thesensing data reporting after / when the barring time expires.Step 1007: Based on the cause value in the RRCSetupRequest message, the BS is ableto acknowledges that the RRCSetupRequest message is for the sensing data reporting orfrom SRU and to accordingly determine to accept or reject the RRCSetupRequest message.Step 1008: According to BS decision in step 1007, the RRCSetup or RRCRejectmessage is sent to the UE from the BS.Step 1009a / 1009b: If the overload situation is mitigated, the AMF or the BS may decideto stop restricting the sensing service request or to stop prioritizing mission critical sensing.Step 1010: In case of AMF decision in step 1009a, the AMF issues an NGAP overloadstop message to the BS over N2 interface.Step 1011: Upon / After receiving the NGAP overload stop message or in case of BSdecision in step 1009b, the BS updates SIB1 contents by releasing UAC barring formation for the sensing data reporting. In some embodiments, steps 1000a / 1000b to 1008 and steps 1009a / 1009b to 1011 may beseparated to two procedures / processes.In some embodiments, at least one UE access ID associated with sensing service(s) and / or at least one Access Category associated with the sensing service(s) may bedefined / configured. In these embodiments, different parameter (e.g., access barring checkparameters) can be configured / applied / used for the sensing service(s). That is, based on the UE access identity associated with sensing service(s) and / or Access Category associated with the sensing service(s), the UE may perform / apply different / dedicate policies / parameter (e.g., access barring check parameters) before / when / if initiating / sending a service request for sensing services (e.g., RRCSetupRequest or Sensing Service Request). For example, at least one of the following UE access identities may be defined / configured (by network): a UE access identity for sensing service(s) (e.g., Mission Critical Sensing); and a UE access identity for sensing data reporting (e.g., SRU) may be defined in corresponding standard documents. In addition, at least one of the following UE Access Categories may be defined / configured: a UE Access Category for MO sensing; a UE Access Category for MO signalling for sensing data reporting; and MO data for sensing data reporting. In some embodiments, the Access Identities for UE may be defined / configured as: Access Identity UE configuration number 0UE is not configured with any parameters from this table1 (NOTE 1) UE is configured for Multimedia Priority Service (MPS).2 (NOTE 2) UE is configured for Mission Critical Service (MCS).3 UE for which Disaster Condition applies (note 4)4 UE is configured for Mission Critical Sensing5 UE is configured for Sensing Reference Unit6-10 Reserved for future use11 (NOTE 3) Access Class 11 is configured in the UE.12 (NOTE 3) Access Class 12 is configured in the UE.13 (NOTE 3) Access Class 13 is configured in the UE.14 (NOTE 3) Access Class 14 is configured in the UE.15 (NOTE 3) Access Class 15 is configured in the UE.NOTE 1: Access Identity 1 is used by UEs configured for MPS, in the PLMNs where the configuration isvalid. The PLMNs where the configuration is valid are HPLMN, PLMNs equivalent to HPLMN, and visited PLMNs of the home country. Access Identity 1 is also valid when the UE is explicitly authorized by the network based on specific configured PLMNs inside and outside the home country. NOTE 2: Access Identity 2 is used by UEs configured for MCS, in the PLMNs where the configuration isvalid. The PLMNs where the configuration is valid are HPLMN or PLMNs equivalent to HPLMN and visited PLMNs of the home country. Access Identity 2 is also valid when the UE is explicitly authorized by the network based on specific configured PLMNs inside and outside the home country. NOTE 3: Access Identities 11 and 15 are valid in Home PLMN only if the EHPLMN list is not present or inany EHPLMN. Access Identities 12, 13 and 14 are valid in Home PLMN and visited PLMNs ofhome country only. For this purpose, the home country is defined as the country of the MCC partof the IMSI. NOTE 4: The configuration is valid for PLMNs that indicate to potential Disaster Inbound Roamers that theUEs can access the PLMN. In the above table, the Access Identity numbers 4 and 5 are defined to indicate that the UE is configured for Mission Critical Sensing and that the UE is configured for / as Sensing Reference Unit. In some embodiments, any number of these Access Identities may be barred. In some embodiments, the Access Categories may be defined / configured as: AccessConditions related to UE Type of access attemptCategory number 0All MO signalling resulting from paging1 (NOTE 1) UE is configured for delay tolerant serviceAll except for Emergency, or MO and subject to access control for Access exception data Category 1, which is judged based on relation of UE’s HPLMN and the selected PLMN. 2All Emergency3 All except for the conditions in Access MO signalling on NAS level resultingCategory 1. from other than paging 4All except for the conditions in Access MMTEL voice (NOTE 3)Category 1. 5All except for the conditions in AccessMMTEL video Category 1. 6All except for the conditions in AccessSMS Category 1. 7All except for the conditions in AccessMO data that do not belong to any Category 1. other Access Categories (NOTE 4) 8All except for the conditions in AccessMO signalling on RRC level resulting Category 1 from other than paging 9All except for the conditions in AccessMO IMS registration related signalling Category 1 (NOTE 5) 10 (NOTE 6) All MO exception data11 All except for the conditions in AccessMO sensing Category 1 12 All except for the conditions in AccessMO signalling for sensing data Category 1 reporting 13 All except for the conditions in AccessMO data for sensing data reporting Category 1 14-31 Reserved standardized AccessCategories 32-63 (NOTE 2) All Based on operator classificationNOTE 1: The barring parameter for Access Category 1 is accompanied with information that definewhether Access Category applies to UEs within one of the following categories: a) UEs that are configured for delay tolerant service; b) UEs that are configured for delay tolerant service and are neither in their HPLMN nor in a PLMN that is equivalent to it; c) UEs that are configured for delay tolerant service and are neither in the PLMN listed as most preferred PLMN of the country where the UE is roaming in the operator-defined PLMN selector list on the SIM / USIM, nor in their HPLMN nor in a PLMN that is equivalent to their HPLMN. When a UE is configured for EAB, the UE is also configured for delay tolerant service. In case a UE is configured both for EAB and for EAB override, when upper layer indicates to override Access Category 1, then Access Category 1 is not applicable. NOTE 2: When there are an Access Category based on operator classification and a standardizedAccess Category to both of which an access attempt can be categorized, and the standardized Access Category is neither 0 nor 2, the UE applies the Access Category based on operator classification. When there are an Access Category based on operator classification and a standardized Access Category to both of which an access attempt can be categorized, and the standardized Access Category is 0 or 2, the UE applies the standardized Access Category. NOTE 3: Includes Real-Time Text (RTT).NOTE 4: Includes IMS Messaging.NOTE 5: Includes IMS registration related signalling, e.g. IMS initial registration, re-registration, and subscription refresh. NOTE 6: Applies to access of a NB-IoT-capable UEto a NB-IOT cell connected to 5GC when the UE is authorized to send exception data. In some embodiments, in an overload state (e.g., Network congestion), the BS / RAN may be indicated to apply different policies on request(s) / message(s) for sensing services. Forexample, the AMF may transmit an OVERLOAD START message comprising an OverloadAction information element (IE) which is included the AMF Overload Response IE. TheOverload Action IE indicates which signalling traffic is subject to rejection by the BS (e.g.,RAN or NG-RAN) in an AMF overload situation. The Overload Action IE may be set to oneof the following: " reject all RRC connection establishment for MO sensing " (i.e., reject traffic corresponding to RRC cause “mo-Sensing” and “missionCriticalSensing”), or- "reject RRC connection establishments for MO sensing except for the one forMission Critical Sensing " (i.e., reject traffic corresponding to RRC cause "mo-Sensing", except for the RRC cause "missionCriticalSensing” in), or- " reject RRC connection establishment for MO signalling for sensing data reporting" (i.e., reject traffic corresponding to RRC cause “mo-SigSensingReport”), or- " reject RRC connection establishment for MO data for sensing data reporting " (i.e.,reject traffic corresponding to RRC cause “mo-DataSensingReport”), or- " reject all RRC connection establishment for sensing data reporting " (i.e., rejecttraffic corresponding to RRC cause “mo-SigSensingReport” and “mo- DataSensingReport”)or- " reject all RRC connection establishment for MO sensing " (i.e., reject trafficcorresponding to RRC cause “mo-Sensing” and “missionCriticalSensing”), or- " reject all RRC connection establishment for SRU" (i.e., reject traffic correspondingto RRC cause “sru”). For example, the Overload Action IE may be set based on:

[0002] IE / Group Name Presence IE type and reference Semanticsdescription Overload Action M ENUMERATED(Reject RRC connection establishments for non- emergency MO DT, Reject RRC connection establishments for Signalling, Permit Emergency Sessions and mobile terminated services only, Permit High Priority Sessions and mobile terminated services only, Reject allRRC connection establishment for MO sensing, Reject RRC connection establishment for MO sensing except for the one for Mission Critical Sensing, Reject MO signalling for sensing data reporting, Reject MO data for sensing data reporting, Reject all sensing data reporting,Reject RRC connection establishment for SRU, …) Note that the RRC cause (e.g., EstablishmentCause) of the RRCSetupRequest may be set to one of the following values: “mo-Sensing”, “missionCriticalSensing”, “mo- SigSensingReport”, “mo-DataSensingReport”, “sru”. For example, the RRCSetupRequestmessage may be implemented / defined based on the following pseudo code and tables:RRCSetupRequest message -- ASN1START-- TAG-RRCSETUPREQUEST-START } RRCSetupRequest-IEs ::= SEQUENCE {ue-Identity InitialUE-Identity,establishmentCause EstablishmentCause, spare BIT STRING (SIZE (1))} InitialUE-Identity ::= CHOICE {ng-5G-S-TMSI-Part1 BIT STRING (SIZE (39)),randomValue BIT STRING (SIZE (39))} EstablishmentCause ::= ENUMERATED { emergency, highPriorityAccess, mt-Access, mo- Signalling, mo-Data, mo-VoiceCall, mo-VideoCall, mo-SMS, mps- PriorityAccess, mcs-PriorityAccess,mo-Sensing, missionCriticalSensing, mo- SigSensingReport, mo-DataSensingReport, sru, spare1} -- TAG-RRCSETUPREQUEST-STOP-- ASN1STOP RRCSetupRequest-IEs field descriptions establishmentCause Provides the establishment cause for the RRCSetupRequest in accordance with the information received from upperlayers. gNB is not expected to reject an RRCSetupRequest due to unknown cause value being used by the UE.ue-Identity UE identity included to facilitate contention resolution by lower layers. InitialUE-Identity field descriptions ng-5G-S-TMSI-Part1 The rightmost 39 bits of 5G-S-TMSI. randomValue Integer value in the range 0 to 239 – 1.In some embodiments, if the UE needs to access the network (e.g., 5GS), the UE performsaccess control checks (e.g., access barring check) to determines if the access is allowed.The Access control checks are performed for the access attempts defined by the followinglist of events: -the UE is in CONNECTED mode over a 3GPP access or CONNECTED mode withRRC inactive indication and one of the following events occurs: o5GMM (5G Mobility Management) receives a request from upper layers tosend a mobile originated sensing request unless the request triggered a service request procedure to transition the UE from 5GMM-IDLE mode or 5GMM-IDLE mode with suspend indication to 5GMM-CONNECTED mode; o5GMM receives a request from upper layers to send a mobile originatedsignalling transaction towards the Sensing Processing Unit by sending an UL NAS TRANSPORT message including a sensing data unless the request triggered a service request procedure to transition the UE from 5GMM-IDLE mode to 5GMM-CONNECTED mode; o5GMM is notified that a sensing data is to be sent for a PDU session withsuspended user-plane resources.In some embodiments, if the lower layers (in the UE) indicate that the access attempt isallowed, the NAS (layer of the UE) may / shall take at least one of the following actionsdepending on the event which triggered the access attempt: -if the event which triggered the access attempt was a request from upper layers tosend a mobile originated sensing request, 5GMM shall initiate the NAS transport procedure to send a sensing session establishment message in an UL NAS TRANSPORT message; -if the event which triggered the access attempt was a request from upper layers tosend a mobile originated signalling transaction towards the Sensing Processing Unit by sending an UL NAS TRANSPORT message including a sensing data, 5GMM shall initiate the NAS transport procedure to send the signalling transaction via an UL NAS TRANSPORT message. -if the event which triggered the access attempt was a sensing data to be sent for aPDU session with suspended user-plane resources, 5GMM shall consider that the sensing data is allowed to be sent.In some embodiments, if the lower layers (of the UE) indicate that the access attempt isbarred, the NAS (layer of the UE) may / shall take at least one of the following actionsdepending on the event which triggered the access attempt: -if the event which triggered the access attempt was a request from upper layers (ofthe UE) to send a mobile originated sensing request, 5GMM shall not initiate theNAS transport procedure to send a sensing session establishment message in an UL NAS TRANSPORT message. Upon receiving an indication from the lower layers that the barring is alleviated for the access category with which the access attempt was associated, 5GMM may initiate the NAS transport procedure to send the sensing session establishment message in an UL NAS TRANSPORT message, if still needed; -if the event which triggered the access attempt was a request from upper layers (ofthe UE) to send a mobile originated signalling transaction towards the SensingProcessing Unit by sending an UL NAS TRANSPORT message including a sensing data, 5GMM shall not initiate the NAS transport procedure to send the mobile originated signalling transaction via an UL NAS TRANSPORT message. Upon receiving an indication from the lower layers that the barring is alleviated for theaccess category with which the access attempt was associated, 5GMM may initiate the NAS transport procedure to send the mobile originated signalling transaction via an UL NAS TRANSPORT message, if still needed. -if the event which triggered the access attempt was a sensing data to be sent for aPDU session with suspended user-plane resources, 5GMM shall consider that the sensing data is not allowed to be sent. Upon receiving an indication from the lower layers that the barring is alleviated for the access category with which the access attempt was associated, the NAS shall consider that the barring is alleviated for the access category. FIG.11 shows a schematic diagram of a process / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the access control on D2D (communications) for sensing signals / services is introduced. Specifically, in FIG. 11, a UE1 is servedby / connected to a BS1 and another UE 2 is served by / connected to another BS2 (step1100). In addition, the UE1 and UE2 are connected via PC5 interface (step 1101). In thisembodiment, the UE2 works as a relay and transferring signals / data between the UE1 andthe BS2. In steps 1102 and 1103, the B2 is overloaded (e.g., due to network congestion)and the BS2 sends accessClass barring (information) including sensing service indicationto the UE2. Note that the accessClass barring (information) is sent in periodic SIB (e.g., viabroadcasting). Because the UE2 works as the relay for the UE1, the UE2 sends the BarringClass including sensing service indication to the UE1 when / after / if receiving the accessClass barring (information) including sensing service indication (step 1104). Based on such BarringClass (information), once / if the UE1 works a sensing receiver, collects sensing data measured over sensing signals and wants to report the collected sensing datato the sensing processing entity in the NW, the UE1 will avoid using or prevent from usingsidelink channel of the UE2 to report the collected sensing data (steps 1105 and 1106).As an alternative, the UE1 may still send, to the UE2 over the sidelink, the collected datawith an access identity (information) of the sensing service. The UE2 will apply accessbarring check and determine whether to allow or to reject the traffic from the UE1 (see, e.g.,steps 805 to 806b or steps 1005 to 1006b). FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of a method / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in FIG.12 may be used in a wireless terminal (e.g.,UE, SRU) and comprises the following steps:Step 1201: Receive, from a network node, access information for sensing service(s) andaccess control barring information for the sensing service(s).Step 1202: Initiate one of the sensing service(s).Step 1203: Perform, based on the access information, access barring check for theinitiated sensing service by using the access control barring information associated with theinitiated sensing service.Step 1204: Transmit a request for establishing a connection for the initiated sensingservice if / when / after the access barring check is passed.Specifically, in FIG.12, the wireless terminal receives from a network node (e.g., BS, RANor NG-RAN) access information for sensing service(s) (e.g., at least one of MO sensing,Mission Critical Sensing, sensing data reporting or (actions / operations related to) an SRU)and access control barring information for the sensing service(s).When / If initiating one of the sensing service(s), the wireless terminal performs accessbarring check based on the access information of the initiated sensing service, wherein theaccess barring check is performed by using the access control barring informationassociated with the initiated sensing service. If / When / After the access barring check ispassed, the wireless terminal transmits a request for establishing a connection for theinitiated sensing service, e.g., to the network node. Note that the request comprises anindication of the initiated sensing service. If / when the access barring check fails, thewireless terminal may wait until a barring timer expires to initiate the sensing service (e.g.,perform the access barring check) again (see, e.g., step 806 / 1006). As a result, the access control for the sensing services is introduced. The network congestion problem may be mitigated when the network congestion occurs. In addition, certain type(s) of sensing service (e.g., Mission Critical Sensing) can be prioritized over other types of sensing service, under particular use cases (e.g., during the network congestion).In some embodiments, the access information comprises at least one of the following: atleast one access ID; or at least one access category.In some embodiments, the sensing service(s) comprises at least one of the following:mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or(actions / operations associated with) an SRU. For example, the sensing service(s) of theSRU may refer to sensing service(s) provided by the wireless terminal acting as an SRU oractions / operations associated with acting as an SRU. In some embodiments, the access information for the at least one sensing service comprises at least one of the following: -an access ID indicating that a wireless terminal (e.g., UE) is configured for MissionCritical Sensing; -an access identity indicating that a wireless terminal (e.g., UE) is configured as anSRU; -an access category associated with an access attempt type for MO sensing;- an access category associated with an access attempt type for sensing datareporting over control plane; or- an access category associated with an access attempt type for sensing datareporting over user plane.In some embodiments, the wireless terminal receives the access information for the sensingservice(s) and the access control barring information for the sensing service(s) in SIB1. Thatis the network node broadcasts (the SIB1 comprising) the access information for thesensing service(s) and the access control barring information for the sensing service(s).In some embodiments, the request for establishing the connection for the initiated sensingservice is a radio resource control setup request.In some embodiments, the indication of the initiated sensing service comprises a causevalue for the initiated sensing service. FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of a method / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in FIG.13 may be used in a network node (e.g., BS, RAN, or NG-RAN) and comprises the following steps:Step 1301: Transmit, to a wireless terminal, access information for sensing service(s)and access control barring information for the sensing service(s).Step 1302: Receive, from the wireless terminal, a request for establishing a connectionfor an initiated sensing service within the sensing service(s), wherein the request comprisesan indication of the initiated sensing service.Step 1303: Transmit, to the wireless terminal, a response message for the requestbased on a determination result of accepting or rejecting the request based on the indication of the initiated sensing service.In FIG.13, the network node transmits access information for sensing service(s) and accesscontrol barring information for the sensing service(s), to activate access control for the sensing service(s). After, the network node receives a request for establishing a connectionfor an initiated sensing service within the sensing service(s), wherein the request comprisesan indication of the initiated sensing service. Based on the indication of the initiated sensing service, the network node determines whether to accept or to reject the request. As an alternative, the network node may accept the request if / when assuming that the accessbarring check for the initiated sensing service has been performed at wireless terminal side and has been passed. In this way, the access control for the sensing services can be implemented. The network congestion problem may be mitigated when the network congestion occurs. In addition, certain type(s) of sensing service (e.g., Mission CriticalSensing) can be prioritized over other types of sensing service, under special use cases(e.g., during the network congestion).In some embodiments, the access information comprises at least one of the following: atleast one access ID; or at least one access category.In some embodiments, the sensing service(s) comprises at least one of the following:mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or(actions / operations associated with) an SRU. In some embodiments, the access information for the at least one sensing service comprises at least one of the following: -an access ID indicating that a wireless terminal (e.g., UE) is configured for MissionCritical Sensing; -an access identity indicating that a wireless terminal (e.g., UE) is configured as anSRU; -an access category associated with an access attempt type for MO sensing;- an access category associated with an access attempt type for sensing datareporting over control plane; or -an access category associated with an access attempt type for sensing datareporting over user plane. In some embodiments, the network node transmits the access information for the sensingservice(s) and the access control barring information for the sensing service(s) in SIB1. Thatis the network node broadcasts (the SIB1 comprising) the access information for thesensing service(s) and the access control barring information for the sensing service(s).In some embodiments, the request for establishing the connection for the initiated sensingservice is a radio resource control setup request.In some embodiments, the indication of the initiated sensing service comprises a causevalue for the initiated sensing service. In some embodiments, the network node determines to restrict or to permit the sensing service(s), e.g., when / if determining that the network congestion occurs or that the network (entity) is overloaded. Based on the determination, the network node transmits / broadcaststhe access information for sensing service(s) and the access control barring information forthe sensing service(s). In some embodiments, the network node receives, from an AMF, an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service. Based on the overload message, the network node transmits / broadcasts the access informationfor sensing service(s) and the access control barring information for the sensing service(s).For example, the the indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service comprise at least one of the following (indications): -rejecting MO signaling for sensing data reporting;- rejecting MO data for sensing data reporting;- rejecting the MO signaling and the MO data for sensing data reporting;- rejecting or permitting MO signaling for an SRU; or- rejecting or permitting MO data for an SRU.FIG. 14 shows a flowchart of a method / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in FIG.14 may be used in a network entity (e.g., AMF or a network device comprising AMF) and comprises the following step:Step 1401: Transmit, to a network node, an overload message comprising an indicationof rejecting or permitting sensing service(s). In FIG.14, the network entity transmits, to a network node (e.g., BS, RAN or NG-RAN), an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting sensing service(s), so as to activate access control for the sensing service(s). Therefore, the access control for the sensing services can be implemented. The network congestion problem may be mitigated when the network congestion occurs. In addition, certain type(s) of sensing service (e.g., Mission Critical Sensing) can be prioritized over other types of sensing service, under special use cases (e.g., during the network congestion). In some embodiments, the network node receives, from an AMF, an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service. Based on the overload message, the network node transmits / broadcasts the access informationfor sensing service(s) and the access control barring information for the sensing service(s). For example, the the indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service comprise at least one of the following (indications): -rejecting MO signaling for sensing data reporting;- rejecting MO data for sensing data reporting;- rejecting the MO signaling and the MO data for sensing data reporting;- rejecting or permitting MO signaling for an SRU; or- rejecting or permitting MO data for an SRU.In some embodiments, the network entity determines to reject or to permit the sensing service(s), e.g., based on network congestion status (e.g., when / if network is congested or the network is overloaded). Based on the determination, the network entity transmits the overload message. FIG.15 show a flowchart of a method / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in FIG.15 may be used in a first apparatus (e.g., a UE or UE1 shown in FIG.11) and comprises the following steps:Step 1501: Receive, from a second apparatus, an indication of barring at least onesensing service.Step 1502: Collect data for the at least one sensing service.Step 1503: Avoid reporting the collected data via the peer device based on the indicationof barring the at least one sensing service. In FIG.15, the first apparatus receives an indication of barring sensing service(s) from a second apparatus (e.g., another UE or UE2 shown in FIG. 11). Based on the indication, when / if performing the sensing service(s) (e.g., collecting data for the sensing service(s), the first apparatus would avoid reporting / transmitting the data associated with the sensing service(s) via the second apparatus.In some embodiments, the sensing service(s) comprises at least one of the following:mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or(actions / operations) associated with) a sensing reference unit.In some embodiments, the second apparatus is configured as a sidelink relay or a UE-to- Network relay for the first apparatus. FIG.16 show a flowchart of a method / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in FIG.16 may be used in a second apparatus (e.g., a UE or UE2 shown in FIG.11) and comprises the following steps:Step 1601: Receive, from a network node, an indication of access barring of at least onesensing service.Step 1602: Transmit, based on the indication of access barring of at least one sensingservice, indication of barring the at least one sensing service to a first apparatus.In FIG. 16, the second apparatus receives an indication of access barring of sensing service(s) from a network node. Based on the indication, the second apparatus transmitsan indication of barring the sensing service(s) to a first apparatus, to avoid the firstapparatus reporting / transmitting data of the sensing service(s) via the second apparatus.In some embodiments, the sensing service(s) comprises at least one of the following:mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or(actions / operations) associated with) a sensing reference unit.In some embodiments, the second apparatus is configured as a sidelink relay or a UE-to- Network relay for the first apparatus. FIG.17 show a flowchart of a method / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in FIG.15 may be used in a third apparatus (e.g., a UE or UE1 shown in FIG.11) and comprises the following steps:Step 1701: Receive, from a fourth apparatus, an indication of barring at least onesensing service.Step 1702: Collect data for an initiated sensing service of the at least one sensingservice.Step 1703: Transmit, to the fourth apparatus, the collected data with an access identityof the initiated sensing service. In FIG.17, the third apparatus receives an indication of barring at least one sensing service from a fourth apparatus (e.g., another UE or UE2 shown in FIG. 11). Based on the indication, when / if the third apparatus performing an initiated sensing service (e.g., collecting data for the initiated sensing service), the third apparatus may transmit the collected data with an access identity of the initiated sensing service to the fourth apparatus, to allow the fourth apparatus to decide whether to allow or to reject the traffic from the third apparatus.In some embodiments, the sensing service(s) comprises at least one of the following:mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or(actions / operations) associated with) a sensing reference unit.In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus is configured as a sidelink relay or a UE-to-Network relay for the third apparatus.FIG.18 show a flowchart of a method / procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in FIG.18 may be used in a fourth apparatus (e.g., a UE or UE2 shown in FIG.11) and comprises the following steps:Step 1801: Receive, from a network node, an indication of access barring of at least onesensing service.Step 1802: Transmit, based on the indication of access barring of sensing service(s),indication of barring the sensing service(s) to a third apparatus.Step 1803: Receive, from the third apparatus, data of an initiated sensing service in theat least one sensing service with an access identity of the initiated sensing service.Step 1804: Perform access barring check based on the access identity of the initiatedsensing service.Step 1805: Transmit, to the network node, the data if the access barring check is passed.Step 1806: Reject the data of the initiated sensing service if the access barring checkfails. In FIG. 18, the fourth apparatus receives an indication of access barring of sensing service(s) from a network node. Based on the indication, the fourth apparatus transmits anindication of barring the sensing service(s) to a third apparatus (e.g., another UE or UE1shown in FIG.11). Under such conditions, the fourth apparatus may still receive collected data of an initiated sensing service from the third apparatus, wherein the collected data is received with an access identity of the initiated sensing service. The fourth apparatus performs access barring check based on the access identity of the initiated sensing service.If / When the access barring check is passed, the fourth apparatus transmits the data to thenetwork node; otherwise, the fourth apparatus rejects the data of the initiated sensing service.In some embodiments, the sensing service(s) comprises at least one of the following:mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or(actions / operations) associated with) a sensing reference unit.In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus is configured as a sidelink relay or a UE-to-Network relay for the third apparatus.It is understood that references in the above to various network functions (e.g., to an AMF,an SMF, a UPF, etc.) may be implemented by apparatus (e.g., network apparatus 20) thatperforms at least some of the functionalities associated with those network functions.Further, an apparatus configured to implement a network function may further be configured to implement a virtual network function instance of that network function.In some embodiments, the apparatus / device / entity may be or comprise a network function,such as an AF, NEF, UDM / UDR, AMF, …, etc. In the present disclosure, anapparatus / device / entity being / comprising a network function refers to anapparatus / device / entity configured to provide / perform at least part of the functionalities ofthat network function. It should be understood that the apparatuses may comprise or be coupled to other device,units or modules etc., such as radio parts or radio heads, used in or for transmissions and / orreceptions. Although the apparatuses have been described as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities. It is noted that whilst some embodiments have been described in relation to 5G networks, similar example embodiments can be applied in relation to other networks and communication systems. Therefore, although certain example embodiments were described above by way of example with reference to certain example architectures for wireless networks, technologies and standards, further example embodiments may be applied to any other suitable forms of communication systems than those illustrated and described herein.While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, it shouldbe understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural orconfiguration, which are provided to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understandexemplary features and functions of the present disclosure. Such persons wouldunderstand, however, that the present disclosure is not restricted to the illustrated examplearchitectures or configurations, but can be implemented using a variety of alternativearchitectures and configurations. Additionally, as would be understood by persons ofordinary skill in the art, one or more features of one embodiment can be combined with oneor more features of another embodiment described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope ofthe present disclosure should not be limited by any one of the above-described exemplaryembodiments. As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or”, mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements. As used herein, the expression “and / or” includes any and all combinations of the listed terms, including at least any one of the elements, at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all of the elements. As used herein, the term “or” refers to a non-exclusive “or” unless otherwise indicated (e.g., use of “or else” or “or in the alternative”). As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more interveningsteps may be included. Analogously, performing a step or functionality “based on A” doesnot indicate that the step or functionality is performed solely based on “A” as one or more additional conditions may be included. In general, the various embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purposecircuitry, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects of the disclosure maybe implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device,although the disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the disclosure maybe illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting and illustrative examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof. As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that utilizes software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not utilized for operation.” This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term herein, including in any claims. As a further example, as used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device. The embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented by computer software executable by a data processor of the mobile device, such as in the processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Computer software or program, also called program product, including software routines, applets and / or macros, may be stored in any apparatus-readable data storage medium and they comprise program instructions to perform particular tasks. A computer program product may comprise one or more computer-executable components which, when the program is run, are configured to carry outembodiments. The one or more computer-executable components may be at least one software code or portions of it. Furthermore, a skilled person would understand that various illustrative steps, logical flows,logical blocks, units, devices, components and circuits described herein can beimplemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a generalpurpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field programmable gatearray (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logicalblocks, units, and circuits can further include antennas and / or transceivers to communicatewith various components within the network or within the device. A general purpose processor can be amicroprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor,controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination ofcomputing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality ofmicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any othersuitable configuration to perform the functions described herein. If implemented in software,the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readablemedium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented assoftware (code) stored on a (non-transitory) computer-readable medium.The term “non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (e.g., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM). The memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory. The data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may comprise one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, DSPs, ASIC, FPGA, gate level circuits and processors based on multi core processor architecture, as non- limiting examples.In the present disclosure, the term “unit” as used herein, refers to software, firmware,hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functionsdescribed herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various units are described asdiscrete units; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or moreunits may be combined to form a single unit that performs the associated functionsaccording embodiments of the present disclosure.The scope of protection sought for various example embodiments of the disclosure is setout by the independent claims. The example embodiments and features thereof, if any,described in this disclosure that do not fall under the scope of the independent claims areto be interpreted as examples useful for understanding various example embodiments of the disclosure. The foregoing description has provided, by way of non-limiting and illustrative examples, a full and informative description of the various example embodiments of this disclosure. However, various modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled inthe relevant arts in view of the present disclosure, when read in conjunction with thedrawings and the claims. All such and similar modifications of the teachings will still fallwithin the various example embodiments of this disclosure. By way of non-limiting and illustrative example, there is a further example embodiment comprising a combination of one or more example embodiments with any of the other example embodiments previously discussed.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An apparatus, comprising:means for receiving, from a network node, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service; means for initiating one of the at least one sensing service; means for performing, based on the access information, access barring check for the initiated sensing service by using the access control barring information associated with the initiated sensing service; andmeans for, no earlier than the access barring check is passed, transmitting a request for establishing a connection for the initiated sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the access information comprises at least one ofthe following: at least one access identity; or at least one access category.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one sensing service comprises atleast one of the following: mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or actions associated with a sensing reference unit.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the access information for the at least one sensingservice comprises at least one of the following: an access identity indicating that a wireless terminal is configured for Mission Critical Sensing; an access identity indicating that a wireless terminal is configured as a sensing reference unit; an access category associated with an access attempt type for mobile oriented sensing; an access category associated with an access attempt type for sensing data reporting over control plane; oran access category associated with an access attempt type for sensing data reporting over user plane.

5. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the access information for the at leastone sensing service and the access control barring information for the at least one sensing service are received in system information block 1.

6. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the request for establishing theconnection for the initiated sensing service is a radio resource control setup request.

7. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the indication of the initiated sensingservice comprises a cause value for the initiated sensing service.

8. An apparatus, comprising:means for transmitting, to a wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service; means for receiving, from the wireless terminal, a request for establishing a connection for an initiated sensing service within the at least one sensingservice, wherein the request comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service; and means for transmitting, to the wireless terminal, a response message for the requestbased on a determination result of accepting or rejecting the request based on the indication of the initiated sensing service.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the access information comprises at least one ofthe following: at least one access identity; or at least one access category.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 or 9, wherein the at least one sensing service comprises atleast one of the following: mobile oriented sensing; mission critical sensing; sensing data reporting; or actions associated with a sensing reference unit.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the access information for the at least one sensingservice comprises at least one of the following: an access identity indicating that a wireless terminal is configured for Mission Critical Sensing; an access identity indicating that a wireless terminal is configured as a sensing reference unit; an access category associated with an access attempt type for mobile oriented sensing; an access category associated with an access attempt type for sensing data reporting over control plane; or an access category associated with an access attempt type for sensing data reporting over user plane.

12. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 11, wherein the access information for the at leastone sensing service and the access control barring information for the at least one sensing service are transmitted in system information block 1.

13. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 12, wherein the request for establishing theconnection for the initiated sensing service is a radio resource control setup request.

14. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 13, wherein the indication of the initiated sensingservice comprises a cause value for the initiated sensing service.

15. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 14, further comprising:means for determining to restrict or to permit the at least one sensing service, wherein means for transmitting, to the wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service comprises:means for transmitting, to the wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service comprises based on the determination of restricting orpermitting the at least one sensing service.

16. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 14, further comprising:means for receiving, from an access and mobility management function, an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service,wherein means for transmitting, to the wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service comprises:means for transmitting, to the wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service comprises based on the overload message.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the indication of rejecting or permitting the at leastone sensing service comprise at least one of the following indications:rejecting mobile originated signaling for sensing data reporting;rejecting mobile originated data for sensing data reporting;rejecting the mobile originated signaling and the mobile originated data for sensingdata reporting; rejecting or permitting mobile originated signaling for a sensing reference unit; orrejecting or permitting mobile originated data for a sensing reference unit.

18. An apparatus, comprising:means for transmitting, to a network node, an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting at least one sensing service.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the indication of rejecting or permitting the at leastone sensing service comprise at least one of the following indications: rejecting mobile originated signaling for sensing data reporting;rejecting mobile originated data for sensing data reporting;rejecting the mobile originated signaling and the mobile originated data for sensingdata reporting; rejecting or permitting mobile originated signaling for a sensing reference unit; orrejecting or permitting mobile originated data for a sensing reference unit.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising:means for determining to reject or to permit the at least one sensing service; wherein means for transmitting, to the network node, the overload message comprising the indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service comprises:means for transmitting, to the network node, the overload message comprising the indication of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service based on the determination of rejecting or permitting the at least one sensing service.

21. A method, comprising:receiving, from a network node, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service; initiating one of the at least one sensing service; performing, based on the access information, access barring check for the initiated sensing service by using the access control barring information associated with the initiated sensing service; and no earlier than the access barring check is passed, transmitting a request for establishing a connection for the initiated sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service.

22. A method, comprising:transmitting, to a wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service; receiving, from the wireless terminal, a request for establishing a connection for an initiated sensing service within the at least one sensing service, wherein therequest comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service; and transmitting, to the wireless terminal, a response message for the request based ona determination result of accepting or rejecting the request based on the indication of the initiated sensing service.

23. A method, comprising:transmitting, to a network node, an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting at least one sensing service.

24. An apparatus, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storinginstructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network node, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service; initiate one of the at least one sensing service;perform, based on the access information, access barring check for the initiated sensing service by using the access control barring information associated with the initiated sensing service; and no earlier than the access barring check is passed, transmit a request for establishing a connection for the initiated sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service.

25. An apparatus, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storinginstructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a wireless terminal, access information for at least one sensing service and access control barring information for the at least one sensing service; receive, from the wireless terminal, a request for establishing a connection for an initiated sensing service within the at least one sensing service, wherein therequest comprises an indication of the initiated sensing service; and transmit, to the wireless terminal, a response message for the request based on adetermination result of accepting or rejecting the request based on the indication of the initiated sensing service.

26. An apparatus, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storinginstructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a network node, an overload message comprising an indication of rejecting or permitting at least one sensing service.

27. A computer readable medium, comprising instructions which, when executed by anapparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 21 to 23.

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