Oral care composition and use thereof for treating a sleep disorder

Abstract

The present invention provides a non-therapeutic use of a gourmand flavouring agent in a toothpaste for one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

Description

[0001] COMPOSITION AND USE

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to the use of a gourmand flavouring agent in a toothpaste product. The present invention also relates to an oral care product, a process for producing said product, and use of the oral care product.

[0004] BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention relates to products particularly those for use in contact with the human body, preferably for use as an oral care product, for example as a composition for cleaning teeth (e.g. as a toothpaste or toothpaste replacement). The present invention relates to the increasing demand for fresh and natural cosmetics, which are free from preservatives.

[0006] The rise of cosmetics to the pinnacle of the modern beauty industry is not a recent phenomenon. Humans have been using moisturisers since the Mesolithic era (10,000 years ago). The Sumerians combined wine, tree oils and plant, animal or mineral materials before applying to the body. The ancient Egyptian civilisation is known to have used olive oil, sesame oil, myrrh resin as well as bitter almonds, honey and cardamom to care for the skin. Ancient civilisations have also made great efforts to take care of their teeth, using sticks and twigs to clean and also substances such as charcoal and soot to scour and whiten the teeth. Tooth decay could lead to health issues which were fatal. Exploration of Egyptian mummies has shown deaths from abscesses and such. Today, modern dentistry has made a high standard of oral care more accessible. However, personal care is still needed to maintain healthy teeth.

[0007] Modern cosmetic products are formulated to have a very long shelf-life. The shelf-life of a typical product is thirty one months. However, before products reach a retail environment, they are shipped and then stored in warehouses, sometimes for years before sale. Products may be labelled with a ‘best used by date’ but without an indication of when they were made. Consequently many formulations are assembled with longevity more in mind than effect.

[0008] Consumers are increasingly concerned with the ingredients used in their cosmetics. There have been numerous reports in the media linking various materials in cosmetics with increased risk of various diseases including cancer. One materials category that has been associated with these stories on numerous occasions is preservatives. The purpose of cosmetic preservatives is to prevent the growth of microorganisms (including yeasts & moulds), which would have a detrimental influence on the effect or the appearance of the product as well as being a risk to human health. However excessive use of preservatives can be employed to increase shelf-life and therefore the profitability of cosmetics. In response to media or consumer pressure, the industry may switch from one preservative system to another; however it would be more desirable to provide a range of effective preservative-free cosmetics. By eliminating preservative systems from cosmetics, it would be possible to eliminate worries of consumers, such as bioaccumulation through repetitive use. It would also be possible to reduce the environmental impact of the cosmetic products. The use of preservatives in the manufacture of products and use by the consumer leads to the contamination of the environment by these materials.

[0009] Many consumers also find that modern lifestyles lead to increased stress and an associated difficulty with falling asleep and / or staying asleep overnight. Consumers are therefore increasingly turning to herbal teas and also to cosmetics and aromatherapy in order to help them wind down and relax after a busy day. For example, bubble baths and other bathing oils / salts that contain mixtures of calming essential oils have been used to promote good sleep health. However, it is also standard for the brushing of one’s teeth to form part of their normal bedtime routine, but it has been reported that some toothpastes (and particularly conventional mint-containing toothpastes that contain mint as a natural stimulator) promote brain awareness I wakefulness.

[0010] The present invention seeks to provide an oral care composition, such as a toothpaste, that can promote feelings of relaxation in the user and may improve quality / quantity of sleep. The present invention also seeks to provide an oral care composition, such as a toothpaste, that has a relatively long shelf-life without requiring any preservatives.

[0011] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] According to a first aspect, there is provided a non-therapeutic use of a gourmand flavouring agent in a toothpaste for one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

[0013] According to a second aspect, there is provided a toothpaste comprising a gourmand flavouring agent for use in one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a subject; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a subject; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a subject, wherein the subject has a sleep disorder.

[0014] Also described herein is the use of a gourmand flavouring agent in a toothpaste for one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

[0015] According to a third aspect, there is provided an oral care composition comprising (i) a sugar alcohol; (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent.

[0016] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided an oral care composition comprising (i) a sugar alcohol; and (ii) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising at least cyclotene.

[0017] According to a fifth aspect, there is provided a non-therapeutic use of an oral care composition as defined herein for one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

[0018] According to a sixth aspect, there is provided an oral care composition as defined herein for use in one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a subject; (ii) improving quality of sleep in a subject; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep in a subject, wherein the subject has a sleep disorder.

[0019] According to various aspects described herein, there is provided an oral care composition. An oral care composition is a cosmetic composition that may be used as a tooth cleansing composition (toothpaste or toothpaste-like), a breath freshening agent, a mouthwash, or the like. Preferably, the oral care composition may be a tooth cleaning composition, such as a toothpaste.

[0020] Throughout the specification, any reference to a “composition” may also refer to an “oral care composition”.

[0021] In some embodiments, the composition may be a pharmaceutical composition. It is noted that the composition may have a dual purpose or effect. For example, the composition may be regarded as a cosmetic composition as it maintains the appearance of the user, but may also have a secondary effect such as avoiding or treating tooth decay. Nevertheless, since the composition still maintains the appearance of a user, such composition may still be regarded as a cosmetic composition.

[0022] The oral care composition may have a paste-like consistency such that it may be applied in a similar fashion to a conventional toothpaste. The oral care composition may thus be provided in a conventional toothpaste tube as packaging. However, it is preferred that the oral care composition be provided in recyclable pots or tubs in place of non-recyclable toothpaste tubes. Thus, the oral care composition may have a texture or consistency such that it may be stored in a pot and scooped from the pot using a toothbrush for application to the user. The texture or consistency may thus be softer than a conventional toothpaste that is stored in a tube. The oral care composition may nevertheless be referred to as a toothpaste since it fulfils the same function as a toothpaste and may be suitable for cleaning the teeth of a user.

[0023] In some embodiments, the composition may be free from or substantially free from preservatives. The term “substantially free from preservatives” means that the composition contains any of the preservatives listed in Table 1 in amounts of no greater than the amounts specified. Preferably, the composition is entirely free from all of the preservatives listed in Table 1 , and is thus “free from preservatives”. Preferably, the composition is entirely free from all synthetic preservatives (including but not limited to those listed in Table 1).

[0024] Table 1 In the process for manufacturing the composition as described herein, the process preferably excludes a step of addition of one or more prohibited preservatives. The prohibited preservatives are those listed in Table 2. Preferably, the process excludes a step of addition of one or more of any synthetic preservatives.

[0025] Table 2

[0026] The composition described herein may be free from preservatives, and yet is still resistant to microbial growth. The composition may provide the user with a desirable product that is capable of being stored at room temperature and that may have a shelf-life of from six weeks to fourteen months. Due to its self-preserving nature, there may be no need to store the composition in a refrigerator in order to prolong shelf-life. Typically, the product will be packaged in a pot or bottle with a label noting when the product was made, and advising when it should be used by.

[0027] As used herein, the term “by weight of the composition” means that the percentage is given by weight of the total composition.

[0028] As described herein, the composition is suitable for use as an oral care product, for example as a composition for cleaning teeth (e.g. a toothpaste or toothpaste replacement).

[0029] Application of the product may be effected as for any conventional toothpaste. For example, once a suitable size portion of the product has been taken from the composition using a toothbrush, said portion is then applied to the teeth of the user using the toothbrush. Optionally, said portion may be mixed with a bit of water and then applied to the teeth of the user. The user may then brush their teeth using the toothbrush having the product thereon, and after a couple / several minutes, the product may then be rinsed off the teeth using water.

[0030] It has been surprisingly found by the present inventors that the inclusion of a gourmand flavouring agent in a toothpaste may have the effect of the user feeling calmer and / or more relaxed following use of the toothpaste, especially where the product is utilised in the evening or before going to bed. In particular, the inclusion of a gourmand flavouring agent has been found to provide an oral care composition, such as a toothpaste, that may be used to induce sleep, improve quality of sleep and / or increase duration / quantity of sleep in any given sleep period. Without wishing to be bound, the inventors have noted that sleep may be aided by the consumption of good food; a.k.a. comfort food. To have a good meal before sleeping keeps the body relaxed and the mind in a quiet state. Lack of calories before sleeping is not helpful in inducing rest and the mind becomes restless. The action of waking from a restless slumber is helped by the familiar routine of cleaning the teeth. The regular routine is comforting, removing negative thoughts. The present inventors also surprisingly found that, with the addition of a toothpaste flavoured with gourmand based ingredients, the thought of comfort food assists with soothing and relaxing the senses so much so that rest is restored and sleep follows.

[0031] It has also been found by the present inventors that the combination of a gourmand flavouring agent with a lavender extract, such as lavender and / or lavandin oil, may provide a synergistic effect. In particular, it has been found that such combination may provide for a synergistic improvement in the effect on relaxation compared to the use of e.g. lavender oil alone. Indeed, while lavender oil has been previously known for its use in relaxation, the effect in combination with a gourmand flavouring agent when applied in an oral care composition such as a toothpaste, was considered to be surprising.

[0032] For ease of reference, these and further aspects of the present invention are now discussed under appropriate section headings. However, the teachings under each section are not necessarily limited to each particular section.

[0033] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] As discussed herein, there is provided a non-therapeutic use of a gourmand flavouring agent in a toothpaste for one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

[0035] There is also provided a toothpaste comprising a gourmand flavouring agent for use in one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a subject; (ii) improving quality of sleep in a subject; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep in a subject, wherein the subject has a sleep disorder.

[0036] In addition, there is provided an oral care composition comprising: (i) a sugar alcohol; (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent.

[0037] There is also provided an oral care composition comprising: (i) a sugar alcohol; and (ii) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising at least cyclotene.

[0038] Gourmand flavouring agent

[0039] As used herein, the term “gourmand flavouring agent” refers to a flavouring ingredient credible fragrance that comprises or consists primarily of edible notes, such as natural and / or synthetic edible notes. The gourmand flavouring agent may capture the notes of certain edible foods and / or spices, providing sweet and / or rich notes to the user. The term “gourmand flavouring agent” is well understood in the art to refer to an ingredient that is suitable for use as a flavour and which provides edible notes to the user, preferably sweet, savoury and / or rich notes. The term “gourmand flavouring agent” may be used interchangeably with the term “gourmand flavouring ingredient”. For example, the gourmand flavouring agent may comprise or consist primarily of edible notes, such as honey, chocolate, vanilla, caramel, or the like.

[0040] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the gourmand flavouring agent may comprise or consist of dessert-like, chocolate- 1 ike, toffee-like, honey-like and / or candy-like notes. For example, the gourmand flavouring agent may provide comforting gourmand notes that come from rich, sweet flavours, such as cinnamon, sugar, caramel, chocolate and / or honey.

[0041] The gourmand flavouring agent is for use in the composition of the present invention, preferably an oral care composition. Therefore, the gourmand flavouring agent is one that is suitable for application to the oral cavity and may be regarded as being edible.

[0042] In some embodiments, the gourmand flavouring agent is selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, the gourmand flavouring agent is selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, gingerol, maltol, ethyl maltol, and combinations thereof.

[0044] In some advantageous embodiments, the gourmand flavouring agent comprises at least cyclotene. Cyclotene may provide edible notes akin to that of Tonka bean, which may provide a warming and relaxing effect on the user. The gourmand flavouring agent may consist of cyclotene (meaning that cyclotene is the only gourmand flavouring agent present in the composition). Alternatively, the gourmand flavouring agent may comprise cyclotene in combination with one or more additional gourmand flavouring agents, such as benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, or combinations thereof. The gourmand flavouring agent may be present in an amount of at least about 0.001% by weight of the composition, preferably in an amount of at least about 0.01% by weight of the composition, more preferably in an amount of at least about 0.1 % by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the gourmand flavouring agent is present in an amount of no greater than about 5% by weight of the composition, preferably no greater than about 4% by weight of the composition, more preferably no greater than about 3% by weight of the composition.

[0045] The gourmand flavouring agent may be present in an amount of from about 0.001 % to about 5% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the gourmand flavouring agent is present in an amount of 0.001 % to about 4% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.1 % to about 1 % by weight of the composition.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments, the gourmand flavouring agent may be present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In some preferred embodiments, the gourmand flavouring agent may be present in an amount of from about 0.1 % to about 0.5% by weight of the composition.

[0047] Where the gourmand flavouring agent is or comprises cyclotene, the composition may comprise cyclotene in an amount of from about 0.0001% to about 1% by weight of the composition, such as in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.001 % to about 0.1 % by weight of the composition.

[0048] In some embodiments, the gourmand flavouring agent comprises cyclotene in addition to at least one additional gourmand flavouring agent. In such embodiments, the composition may comprise cyclotene in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 0.1 % by weight of the composition, and wherein the total amount of gourmand flavouring agent (including the amount of cyclotene) is from about 0.01 to about 1% by weight of the composition.

[0049] It has been surprisingly found by the present inventors that the use of a gourmand flavouring agent in an oral care composition, such as a toothpaste, may result in benefits for the quality and duration of rest and sleep experienced by the user. In particular, it has been surprisingly found that the inclusion of a gourmand flavouring agent may provide a relaxing effect such that sleep is induced and / or improved in the user. By inducement of sleep is meant that the user feels more relaxed and feelings of tiredness are promoted to the extent that the user finds it easier to fall asleep. It has also been found that the use of a gourmand flavouring agent may improve the quality of sleep experienced by the user. This means that the sleep may be less broken and may be a deeper, more restful sleep such that the user wakes feeling more rested. In addition, it has been found that the use of a gourmand flavouring agent may increase the quantity or amount of sleep that the user has following use of the composition. In other words, the duration of sleep may be lengthened through the use of the composition comprising the gourmand flavouring agent.

[0050] Brushing one’s teeth generally forms part of a bedtime routine that sends signals to the user’s brain that the user is winding down to sleep. Some consumers have reported that simply the action of brushing their teeth makes them feel more relaxed and tired, and helps them to wind down. However, it has also been reported that some toothpastes, and particularly mint-based toothpastes promote brain awareness / wakefulness. The present inventors have surprisingly found that the feeling of relaxation and tiredness that can be achieved through brushing one’s teeth as part of a bedtime routine may be enhanced through the inclusion of a gourmand flavouring ingredient.

[0051] Sugar Alcohol

[0052] As discussed herein, in some embodiments, the composition comprises a sugar alcohol. Sugar alcohols are generally considered safe and beneficial for use in oral care compositions, such as toothpastes. In contrast to sugar, the sugar alcohol of the present invention does not have a detrimental effect on oral health, but conversely can have positive antimicrobial effect. Furthermore, the literature has shown that certain sugar alcohols, such as xylitol, can have remineralising effect in combination with other active oral care materials.

[0053] The sugar alcohol may be any sugar alcohol suitable for use in oral care compositions. In some embodiments, the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, isomalt, maltitol, mannitol, lactitol, and combinations thereof.

[0054] In some embodiments, the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, isomalt, and combinations thereof. In some preferred embodiments, the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the sugar alcohol is or comprises sorbitol. In some embodiments, the sugar alcohol is sorbitol.

[0055] In some embodiments, the sugar alcohol is or comprises xylitol. In some embodiments, the sugar alcohol is xylitol.

[0056] In some advantageous embodiments, the sugar alcohol is a combination of sorbitol and xylitol.

[0057] In embodiments where the sugar alcohol is a combination of sorbitol and xylitol, the sorbitol and xylitol may be present in a weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1 :10, such as from about 5:1 to about 1 :5, such as from about 1 :1 to about 1 :5, such as from about 1 :1 to about 1 :3, such as from about 1 :1 to about 1 :2.

[0058] In some embodiments, the sugar alcohol (such as sorbitol and / or xylitol) is present in the composition in an amount of from about 1% to about 50% by weight of the composition. As used herein, the amount of sugar alcohol referred to is the total amount of all sugar alcohols present in the composition.

[0059] In some embodiments, the sugar alcohol (such as sorbitol and / or xylitol) is present in the composition in an amount of from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 15% to about 40% by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the composition, even more preferably from about 20% to about 30% by weight of the composition.

[0060] Extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus

[0061] The composition may comprise an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus. The Lavandula genus has the common name “lavender”, and is a genus of numerous species of perennial flowering plants in the mints family, Lamiaceae.

[0062] In some embodiments, the extract may be an extract from a plant of the species L. angustifolia, L. latifolia, L. stoechas, L. dentata, L. pedunculata, or L. lanata.

[0063] In some embodiments, the composition comprises an extract selected from the group consisting of lavender oil, lavandin oil, and combinations thereof. As used herein, the term “lavender oil” describes the essential oil obtained (e.g. by distillation) from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. In certain embodiments, the lavender oil may be obtained as an extract from English lavender ( angustifolia) or as lavender spike oil from the herb L latifolia. In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises lavender oil that is an extract from L. angustifolia.

[0064] As used herein, the term “lavandin”, also known as Lavandula x intermedia or Dutch lavender, refers to a hybrid, otherwise known as Lavandula Hybride. In some embodiments, the lavandin may be an extract Lavandin that is a hybrid of L. angustifolia and L. latifolia. The extract of lavandin used herein may comprise the essential oil obtained by distillation of lavandin, which is more commonly referred to as lavandin oil.

[0065] In some embodiments, the composition comprises an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus (preferably lavender oil and / or lavandin oil) in an amount of from about 0.001 % to about 5% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.01 % to about 2.5% by weight of the composition, such as form about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of the composition.

[0066] Preferably, the composition comprises an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus (preferably lavender oil and / or lavandin oil) in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 0.5% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.1% to about 0.25% by weight of the composition.

[0067] As noted above, the composition may comprise lavender oil in some embodiments. In such embodiments, the composition may comprise lavender oil in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.05% to about 0.25% by weight of the composition.

[0068] As noted above, the composition may comprise lavandin oil in some embodiments. In such embodiments, the composition may comprise lavandin oil in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.025% to about 0.1 % by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.05% to about 0.1 % by weight of the composition.

[0069] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a combination of lavender oil and lavandin oil in a weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1 :1 , preferably from about 5:1 to about 1 :1 , more preferably from about 2:1 to about 1 :1.

[0070] Lavender oil has been known for years to promote relaxation, and lavender oil is commonly used in bathing products, such as bubble baths and bath oils to soothe and comfort a user. However, the application of lavender oil to an oral care composition has not previously been widely reported. As noted above, it has been found by the present inventors that the combination of a gourmand flavouring agent with a lavender extract, such as lavender and / or lavandin oil, may provide a synergistic effect. In particular, it has been found that such combination may provide for a synergistic improvement in the effect on relaxation compared to the use of e.g. lavender oil alone.

[0071] Water

[0072] In various embodiments, the composition may comprise water. Where present, the water may be provided by any suitable liquid or aqueous source. The water may be provided by distilled water, tap water, rain water, sea water, plant infusions, decoctions (such as tea and / or coffee), alcohol solutions (such as beer, wine and / or spirits), vinegar, fruit juice, vegetable juice or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the water is provided by distilled water, tap water, rain water, sea water, plant infusions, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the water is provided by distilled water, tap water, rain water, plant infusions, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the water is provided by distilled water, tap water, or mixtures thereof. The water may also be provided as a dilution agent in any commercially available surfactant and / or humectant products that may be utilised in the composition.

[0073] For example, in embodiments in which the composition is an oral care agent, it may be preferred that the water be provided by distilled water, tap water, rain water, or mixtures thereof.

[0074] In some embodiments, the water (such as distilled water, tap water, rain water, or mixtures thereof) is present in an amount of from about 10% to about 60% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the water (such as distilled water, tap water, rain water, or mixtures thereof) is present in an amount of from about 15% to about 50% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the water (such as distilled water, tap water, rain water, or mixtures thereof) is present in an amount of from about 20% to about 40% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the water (such as distilled water, tap water, rain water, or mixtures thereof) is present in an amount of from about 20% to about 30% by weight of the composition. It was found by the present inventors that it was possible to include water in such relatively high amounts without also requiring the use of preservatives in order to maintain a shelf-life of several weeks. This was particularly possible when the above-described amounts of sugar alcohol are included. Inclusion of humectants and optionally gelling and / or thickening agents, such as modified starch, carrageenan or xanthan gum may further increase the amount of water that can be included without requiring preservatives.

[0075] Gelling or Thickening Agent

[0076] In various embodiments, the composition may further comprise a gelling or thickening agent. The gelling or thickening agent may be selected from any suitable gelling or thickening agent.

[0077] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a gelling or thickening agent selected from a hydrocolloid. As the skilled person will appreciate, hydrocolloids are a heterogeneous group of long chain polymers characterised by their property of forming viscous dispersions and / or gels when dispersed in water. Some hydrocolloids have the ability to modify the rheology of compositions comprising water. However, there are two distinct types of hydrocolloid: gelling agents (i.e. those that modify the texture and / or solidity of the composition) and thickening agents (i.e. those that modify the viscosity of the composition). The water-thickening property is common to all hydrocolloids, whilst only a few hydrocolloids have the ability to form gels (i.e. to act as a gelling agent). Gel formation is typically regarded as the phenomenon involving the association or cross-linking of the polymer chains to form a three-dimensional network that traps or immobilises the water within it to form a rigid structure that is resistant to flow. In other words, the composition becomes viscoelastic exhibiting both the characteristics of a liquid and a solid. In contrast, thickening of a composition merely involves the non-specific entanglement of conformationally disordered polymer chains, and is essentially a polymer-solvent interaction (see, for example, D. Saha and S. Bhattacharya, J. Food Sci. Technol., 2010, 47(6): 597-597).

[0078] Gels may be defined as a form of matter intermediate between solid and liquid, and which show mechanical rigidity. They comprise polymer molecules cross-linked to form a tangled and interconnected molecular network immersed in a liquid medium. The word “gel” typically refers to high moisture compositions that substantially sustain their physical shape when released from their container. More specifically, gels are viscoelastic systems with a storage modulus (G’) larger than the loss modulus (G”). Though all hydrocolloids may thicken aqueous dispersions, only a comparatively few hydrocolloids are understood to form gels. Hydrocolloids that may act as gelling agents include modified starch, agar, carrageenan, pectin, gellan gum, alginate (when combined with calcium ions), methyl cellulose, and hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose. Hydrocolloids such as xanthan gum, guar gum, konjac gum, gum tragacanth and gum Arabic are known thickening agents. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a hydrocolloid selected from the group consisting of modified starch, agar, carrageenan, pectin, gellan gum, alginate, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, guar gum, konjac gum, gum tragacanth, gum Arabic, and combinations thereof.

[0079] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a hydrocolloid selected from the group consisting of modified starch, xanthan gum, guar gum, and combinations thereof.

[0080] Where present, the modified starch may include, for example, sodium carboxymethyl starch.

[0081] Where present, the composition may include a gelling / thickening agent (e.g. a hydrocolloid, such as modified starch, xanthan gum, guar gum, and combinations thereof) in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.5% to about 7.5% by weight of the composition, such as from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the composition.

[0082] Where present, the gelling / thickening agent (e.g. hydrocolloid) may reduce the water activity of the composition; i.e. may reduce the amount of free water present in the composition. This may allow for the inclusion of relatively high amounts of water without requiring the use of a preservative. Additionally, the inclusion of a gelling agent or thickening agent may provide for a desirable ‘toothpaste’ like texture that allows the user to easily apply a dose of the composition to a toothbrush and provides a desirable smooth texture when applied to the teeth. The inclusion of a gelling agent or thickening agent may provide for a nice soft texture that may be easily applied to teeth, and which may be easily collected in a sufficient amount on a toothbrush when dipped into the container.

[0083] Where present in combination with water, the composition may include water and a gelling / thickening agent (e.g. a hydrocolloid) in a weight ratio of from about 30:1 to about 1 :1 , such as from about 20: 1 to about 2:1 , such as from about 10: 1 to about 5: 1 .

[0084] Humectant

[0085] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a humectant. The humectant is preferably provided in liquid form. The humectant may be selected from suitable humectants. As used herein, the term “humectant” does not encompass sugar alcohols. Therefore, any reference to “humectant” as used herein shall be taken to mean a humectant in addition to the sugar alcohol that is included as described hereinabove. In some embodiments, the humectant is selected from the group consisting of honey, glycerine, monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1 ,3-propanediol, butanediol, agave nectar, fruit syrups, herbal syrups, golden syrup, sugar solutions, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the humectant is selected from honey, glycerine, monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1 ,3-propanediol, butanediol, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the humectant is selected from glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.

[0086] In some embodiments, the composition comprises humectant (such as glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof) in an amount of at least about 1% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises humectant (such as glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof) in an amount of at least about 5% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises humectant (such as glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof) in an amount of at least about 10% by weight of the composition.

[0087] In some embodiments, the composition comprises humectant (such as glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof) in an amount of from about 1 % to about 50% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises humectant (such as glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof) in an amount of from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises humectant (such as glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof) in an amount of from about 10% to about 30% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises humectant (such as glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof) in an amount of from about 10% to about 25% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises humectant (such as glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof) in an amount of from about 10% to about 20% by weight of the composition.

[0088] In some preferred embodiments, the composition comprises humectant (such as glycerine, monopropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof) in an amount of from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the composition.

[0089] The present inventors have found that inclusion of a humectant may improve flavour of the toothpaste, and may also reduce any drying effect of the toothpaste on the tongue or mouth of the user. Inorganic Material

[0090] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an inorganic material. The inorganic material may be any inorganic material suitable for use in a composition, such as a cosmetic composition.

[0091] In some embodiments, the inorganic material is an abrasive material (or ‘abrasive agent’). As such, in some embodiments, the composition further comprises an abrasive material. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is an abrasive material selected from the group consisting of micas, zeolites, silica, carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates, metal oxides, salts, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is an abrasive material selected from the group consisting of micas, zeolites, silica, bicarbonates, phosphates, metal oxides, salts, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is an abrasive material selected from the group consisting of micas, zeolites, silica, carbonates, bicarbonates, metal oxides, salts, and mixtures thereof.

[0092] In some embodiments, the inorganic material is an abrasive material selected from the group consisting of silica, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, hydrated aluminium oxide, dicalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is an abrasive material selected from the group consisting of silica, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof.

[0093] In some embodiments, the inorganic material is or comprises silica. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is silica. The silica may preferably be hydrated silica (i.e. SiC^.nFW, where n is an integer from 1 to 10).

[0094] In some embodiments, the inorganic material is not or does not comprise calcium carbonate. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is not or does not comprise sodium bicarbonate. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is not or does not comprise dicalcium phosphate.

[0095] In some embodiments, the inorganic material is not or does not comprise a clay. In some embodiments, the composition is free from or substantially free from a clay. By “substantially free from a clay”, it is meant that the composition comprises less than 1 % of a clay, such as nor more than 0.5% clay, such as no more than 0.1 % clay. Where the inorganic material is an abrasive material, it has been surprisingly found that it is possible to tailor the amount of abrasive material without negatively affecting the function of the composition. Indeed, the present inventors surprisingly found that any suitable amount of abrasive material can be included in the composition in order to provide the desired level of abrasivity without affecting the physical properties and / or function of the composition. Furthermore, it was surprisingly found that, even when the compositions comprise relatively high amounts of abrasive material (e.g. up to about 15% by weight), the total abrasivity of the composition was considered to be ‘low’ to ‘medium’ (with a relative enamel abrasivity (REA) value of between 0 and 7 and a relative dentine abrasivity (RDA) value of between 0 and 100) as compared with other known oral care compositions. This is desirable as it reduces the damage done to the user’s teeth and gums when using the oral care agent, whilst still providing an oral care agent that cleans the user’s teeth.

[0096] In some embodiments, the inorganic material may be a material that is suitable as an oral care agent. Examples of oral care agents may include abrasive materials as described hereinabove, such as silica.

[0097] Alternatively or in addition, the inorganic material may comprise fluoride as an inorganic material. The fluoride may be provided by any suitable compound, such as for example sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, olaflur, sodium monofluorophosphate, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is or comprises a fluoride. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is or comprises sodium fluoride.

[0098] In some embodiments, the inorganic material is or comprises a combination of two or more oral care agents. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is or comprises a combination of an abrasive material in combination with a fluoride. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is or comprises a combination of component (a) and component (b), where component (a) is or comprises silica, and component (b) is selected from the group consisting of sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, olaflur, sodium monofluorophosphate, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is or comprises a combination of component (a) and component (b), where component (a) is or comprises silica, and component (b) is or comprises sodium fluoride. In some embodiments, the inorganic material is or comprises a combination of silica and sodium fluoride.

[0099] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an inorganic material (such as an abrasive material, such as silica) in an amount of from about 1 % to about 25% by weight of the total composition. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an inorganic material (such as an abrasive material, such as silica) in an amount of from about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total composition. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an inorganic material (such as an abrasive material, such as silica) in an amount of from about 10% to about 15% by weight of the total composition.

[0100] In some embodiments, the composition comprises silica in an amount of from about 1 % to about 20% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 5% to about 15% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 10% to about 15% by weight of the total composition.

[0101] In some embodiments, the composition comprises sodium fluoride (optionally in combination with silica) in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.1 % to about 1 % by weight of the composition. The sodium fluoride may optionally be provided in combination with silica as described above.

[0102] The inorganic material (such as an abrasive material, such as silica) may be provided in powder form. Alternatively, the inorganic material may be provided as a colloidal dispersion.

[0103] It has been found by the present inventors that the inclusion of an inorganic material (such as an abrasive material, such as silica) may further reduce the inhibition of the growth of microorganisms, whilst also providing the composition with an active ingredient that may make said composition suitable for a particular cosmetic purpose, such as for use as an oral care agent. Without wishing to be bound, it is considered that the presence of the inorganic material (such as an abrasive material, such as silica) results in the dispersion of waterwithin a colloidal matrix. This dispersion of the water across the matrix further inhibits the growth of microorganisms.

[0104] Composition

[0105] As noted above, in some embodiments, the composition comprises a gourmand flavouring agent in combination with an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus. It has been found by the present inventors that such combination may result in a synergistic improvement in the relaxing and soothing effect of the composition on the user. In such embodiments, the composition may comprise the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus and a gourmand flavouring agent in a weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1 :5, preferably from about 5:1 to about 1 :2, more preferably from about 2:1 to about 1 :1. It has been surprisingly found by the present inventors that the careful balance between the ratio of lavender extracts and gourmand flavouring agents may further improve the relaxing and sleep-inducing effects of the composition as described herein.

[0106] According to one aspect, an oral care composition is described herein that comprises (i) a sugar alcohol; (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent.

[0107] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises:

[0108] (i) a sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, and combinations thereof;

[0109] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus selected from the group consisting of lavender oil, lavandin oil, and combinations thereof; and

[0110] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof.

[0111] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises:

[0112] (i) a sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, and combinations thereof, wherein the sugar alcohol is present in an amount of from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the composition;

[0113] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus selected from the group consisting of lavender oil, lavandin oil, and combinations thereof, wherein the extract is present in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 0.5% by weight of the composition; and

[0114] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof, wherein the gourmand flavouring agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 0.5% by weight of the composition.

[0115] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises: (i) a sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, and combinations thereof, wherein the sugar alcohol is present in an amount of from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the composition;

[0116] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus selected from the group consisting of lavender oil, lavandin oil, and combinations thereof, wherein the extract is present in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 0.5% by weight of the composition; and

[0117] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising at least cyclotene, wherein the cyclotene is present in an amount of from about 0.001 % to about 0.1% by weight of the composition.

[0118] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises:

[0119] (i) a sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, and combinations thereof;

[0120] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus selected from the group consisting of lavender oil, lavandin oil, and combinations thereof;

[0121] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof; and

[0122] (iv) an inorganic material comprising an abrasive agent selected from the group consisting of silica, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and combinations thereof, more preferably wherein the abrasive agent comprises silica.

[0123] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises:

[0124] (i) a sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, and combinations thereof, wherein the sugar alcohol is present in an amount of from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the composition;

[0125] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus selected from the group consisting of lavender oil, lavandin oil, and combinations thereof, wherein the extract is present in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 0.5% by weight of the composition;

[0126] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof, wherein the gourmand flavouring agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 0.5% by weight of the composition; and

[0127] (iv) silica in an amount of from about 1 % to about 20% by weight of the composition.

[0128] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises:

[0129] (i) a sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, and combinations thereof;

[0130] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus selected from the group consisting of lavender oil, lavandin oil, and combinations thereof;

[0131] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof; and

[0132] (iv) a hydrocolloid selected from the group consisting of modified starch, xanthan gum, guar gum, and combinations thereof.

[0133] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises:

[0134] (i) a sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, and combinations thereof, wherein the sugar alcohol is present in an amount of from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the composition;

[0135] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus selected from the group consisting of lavender oil, lavandin oil, and combinations thereof, wherein the extract is present in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 0.5% by weight of the composition;

[0136] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof, wherein the gourmand flavouring agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 0.5% by weight of the composition; and

[0137] (iv) a hydrocolloid selected from the group consisting of modified starch, xanthan gum, guar gum, and combinations thereof, wherein the hydrocolloid is present in an amount of from about 0.1 % to about 10% by weight of the composition.

[0138] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises: (i) a sugar alcohol;

[0139] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus;

[0140] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent;

[0141] (iv) water;

[0142] (v) a gelling or thickening agent, preferably a hydrocolloid.

[0143] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises:

[0144] (i) a sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, and combinations thereof;

[0145] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus selected from the group consisting of lavender oil, lavandin oil, and combinations thereof; and

[0146] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof;

[0147] (iv) water; and

[0148] (v) a hydrocolloid selected from the group consisting of modified starch, xanthan gum, guar gum, and combinations thereof.

[0149] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises:

[0150] (i) a sugar alcohol in an amount of from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the composition;

[0151] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition;

[0152] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition;

[0153] (iv) water in an amount of from about 20% to about 40% by weight of the composition; and

[0154] (v) a gelling or thickening agent, preferably a hydrocolloid, in an amount of from about 0.1 % to about 5% by weight of the composition.

[0155] In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises:

[0156] (i) a sugar alcohol in an amount of from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the composition;

[0157] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition;

[0158] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition; (iv) water in an amount of from about 20% to about 40% by weight of the composition;

[0159] (v) a gelling or thickening agent, preferably a hydrocolloid, in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the composition; and

[0160] (vi) an inorganic material comprising an abrasive agent, preferably silica, in an amount of from about 1 % to about 20% by weight of the composition.

[0161] According to one aspect, an oral care composition is described herein that comprises (i) a sugar alcohol; and (ii) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising at least cyclotene.

[0162] The various combinations and additions as noted hereinabove may equally be applied to the oral care composition according to this aspect.

[0163] Also described herein is an oral care composition comprising:

[0164] (i) silica;

[0165] (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and

[0166] (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent.

[0167] Also described herein is an oral care composition comprising:

[0168] (i) silica; and

[0169] (ii) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising at least cyclotene.

[0170] The various combinations and additions as noted hereinabove may equally be applied to the oral care composition according to these aspects.

[0171] In addition to the above, the composition may further comprise one or more cosmetically acceptable additives. The person skilled in the art is aware of a range of cosmetically acceptable additives which are suitable for incorporation into such compositions. In some embodiments, the one or more cosmetically acceptable additives are selected from a surfactant, thickening or gelling agent, binder, filler, sweetener, opacifier, vegetable butter, vegetable oil, vitamin, perfume, fragrance, flavouring agent, colouring, protein, decorative item, acidity modifier, herb and / or herb extract, fruit and / or fruit extract, botanical extract, and mixtures thereof.

[0172] Fragrances or flavouring agents may be added to the product to make the experience of using the present composition more pleasant. Combining essential oils such as lavender, chamomile, menthol or rose absolute into fragrances or flavouring agents for the invention ensures the user has a pleasant experience. In particular, the combination of lavender and menthol may be particularly advantageous for the oral care compositions as described herein. The lavender essential oils may stimulate a relaxing and sleep-inducing effect for the user as described herein, while the menthol may provide the familiar minty taste that users typically associate with a toothpaste.

[0173] In some embodiments, the composition may further comprise a fragrance or flavouring agent. It is noted that fragrances or flavouring agents described in this section are in addition to the extracts from lavender and / or gourmand flavouring agents described hereinabove. The amount of fragrance or flavouring agent is preferably from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 0.1 % to about 5% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 0.1 % to about 4% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 1 % to about 5% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 0.5% to about 4% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 0.5% to about 3% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight of the total composition, such as from about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight of the total composition.

[0174] The essential oils may be selected based on the fragrance or flavour desired, skin type to be treated and other effects desired based on the well-known properties of essential oils. The addition of essential oils, when taken in to the nose or mouth, are known to alter mood. For example, essential oils may create effects of drowsiness or stimulating the senses. Many well documented effects can be achieved by the use of essential oils. Likewise, if the composition is an oral care agent, the addition of essential oils can impart a pleasant sensation in the mouth.

[0175] In one embodiment, the one or more essential oils present in the product are selected from tea tree, tarragon, jasmine, ylang ylang, corn mint, peppermint rose otto, sweet violet, hydrangea, cardamom, clove, Wintergreen, myrrh, eucalyptus and chamomile blue. In one embodiment, the one or more essential oils present in the composition comprises menthol.

[0176] Vitamins, particularly B, C and E are very beneficial for the user. In one embodiment, the vitamins are selected from vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E and mixtures thereof. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the vitamin may be provided from any suitable source. For example the vitamin(s) may be provided from a synthetic source or from incorporation into the product of a material, such as a natural material, that has a high vitamin content. As described herein, the composition is preferably an oral care composition. Nevertheless, the advantages of the present invention discussed herein may be applied to any product. Other categories that would be applicable under the present invention include: shaving preparations, shower gels, moisturisers, skincare & body lotions, shampoos, conditioners & hair dressings and lip balms.

[0177] Materials which may be included in the present composition include but are not limited to: Oil, Butter & Waxes - such as almond oil, sesame oil, evening primrose oil, jojoba oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, mango butter, cupuacu butter, lanolin, beeswax, rose wax, orange peel wax - if included, typically used in a range of from about 5% to about 70% by weight of the composition.

[0178] Capsules - such as a combination of a salt of alginic acid (such as sodium alginate) and a calcium salt (such as calcium lactate) to prepare a capsule dispersed in the composition - if included, typically used in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

[0179] Whole Fruits & Vegetables - such as avocado, banana, strawberries, blueberries - if included, typically used in a range of from about 0.5% to about 25% by weight of the composition.

[0180] Fragrance materials - if included, typically used in a range of from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the composition.

[0181] Flavouring agent - if included, typically used in a range of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

[0182] Colorant materials - if included, typically used in a range of from about 0.001% to about 2% by weight of the composition.

[0183] Sunscreens (UV absorbing and / or reflecting materials) - such as octocrylene, titanium dioxide, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, sulisobenzone and salts thereof (such as benzophenone-4 and / or benzophenone-5), octyl methoxycinnamate, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, homosalate, ecamsule, and mixtures thereof - if included, typically used in a range of from about 1% to about 25% by weight of the composition.

[0184] Sea salt - if included, typically used in a range of from about 0.001 % to about 1 % by weight of the composition.

[0185] Herbs, Cereals, Plant Materials and Beans - such as oats, rice, cinnamon, vanilla, adzuki beans, coffee beans, seaweeds, ground bamboo, cocoa powder, arrowroot powder - if included, typically used in a range of from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of the composition.

[0186] Starches - such as corn starch, potato starch, tapioca starch, rice starch, and mixtures thereof - if included, typically used in a range of from about 0.1 to about 15% by weight of the composition Protein Sources - such as tofu, banana, soya, soya lecithin, eggs - if included, typically used in a range of from about 1% to about 30% by weight of the composition.

[0187] Decorative Items - glitter, paper such as rice paper, sequins, popping candy, dried or fresh flowers, dried or fresh fruit, herbs, vegetables, parts thereof or mixtures thereof - if included, typically used in a range of from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the composition.

[0188] Sweeteners - such as acesulfame K, aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, stevia, or mixtures thereof - if included, typically used in a range of from about 0.01 % to about 5% by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of the composition. Charcoal or activated charcoal - if included, typically in a range of from about 0.1 % to about 10% by weight of the composition.

[0189] Surfactant

[0190] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a surfactant. The inclusion of a surfactant may help to dissolve the sticky layer that can build up on the teeth which is called pellicle. If not removed, pellicle may lead to decay and poor dental hygiene.

[0191] Products comprising a surfactant may be suitable for use in cleaning the teeth of a user, as well as the skin and / or hair. As the skilled person will appreciate, surfactants are typically sold as commercial products in which the pure surfactant (i.e. the active surfactant) is either diluted in water or is provided as a solid product (e.g. as solid surfactant needles). As used herein, the amounts of the surfactant do not relate to the commercially available diluted products, but rather to the amount of pure surfactant.

[0192] In some embodiments, the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, N-lauroyl sarcosine, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium cocosulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium myreth sulfate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium olefin sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, lauryl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, trimethyl glycine betaine, sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, disodium lauroamphodiacetate, cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cetrimonium chloride, behentrimonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

[0193] In some embodiments, the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium cocosulfate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, and mixtures thereof.

[0194] In some embodiments, the surfactant is or comprises sodium methyl cocoyl taurate. In some embodiments, the surfactant is or comprises sodium lauroyl sarcosinate. In some embodiments, the surfactant is or comprises sodium cocamidopropyl betaine.

[0195] Preferably the surfactant comprises sodium methyl cocoyl taurate. This is a mild surfactant acceptable for oral use, which may provide the composition with a gentle foaming action.

[0196] In some embodiments, the surfactant (such as sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, and mixtures thereof) is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the solid cosmetic composition, such as from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the solid cosmetic composition, such as from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the solid cosmetic composition, such as from about 5% to about 10% by weight of the solid cosmetic composition.

[0197] As used herein, the surfactant may be in addition to any “inorganic material” present; i.e. the terms “surfactant” and “inorganic material” are intended to be used to define separate and distinct components.

[0198] The above ranges provide preferred amounts of each of the components. Each of these ranges may be taken alone or combined with one or more other component ranges to provide a preferred aspect of the invention.

[0199] Use

[0200] According to some aspects described herein, there is provided the use of an oral care composition as described herein for one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

[0201] Such use covers both therapeutic uses and non-therapeutic uses. For example, the composition may simply be used by a user having no sleep disorder or other related condition in order to achieve an enhanced state of relaxation and promote good sleep. Such use is considered to be a non-therapeutic use as it is not intended to treat or prevent any disorder or disease. Alternatively, the composition may be used to treat patients that have a sleep disorder, and may thus be regarded as a therapeutic use.

[0202] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and / or (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal, comprising administering an oral care composition as described herein to the human or animal.

[0203] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and / or (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal, comprising administering an oral care composition as described herein to the human or animal, wherein the human or animal has no known sleep disorder.

[0204] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and / or (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal, comprising administering an oral care composition as described herein to the human or animal, wherein the human or animal has a sleep disorder.

[0205] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a sleep disorder in a subject, comprising administering an oral care composition as described herein to the subject.

[0206] In some embodiments, there is provided a non-therapeutic use of an oral care composition as described herein for one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

[0207] The non-therapeutic use may simply be used to enhance or promote relaxation and quality of sleep in a user who does not suffer from any sleep disorder but may be looking to wind down before bed time. Thus, the use is not considered to be therapeutic as it is not aiming to prevent or treat any specific disease, condition or disorder.

[0208] In some embodiments, there is provided an oral care composition as described herein for use in treating a sleep disorder.

[0209] In some embodiments, there is provided an oral care composition as described herein for use in one or more of: (i) inducing sleep in a subject; (ii) improving quality of sleep in a subject; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep in a subject, wherein the subject has a sleep disorder. As used herein, the term “subject” refers to a human or animal to which the composition may be applied in order to treat the condition. The term “subject” may be used synonymously with “patient”.

[0210] In some embodiments, the sleep disorder may be selected from the group consisting of insomnia, sleep apnoea, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, sleep-related hypoventilation, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder. In some embodiments, the sleep disorder may be insomnia. The insomnia may be episodic, recurrent or persistent.

[0211] The oral care composition for use in the above embodiments is an oral care composition as described generally herein. Any of the above combinations and ranges may be utilised when providing the oral care composition for such uses.

[0212] For example, in some embodiments, there is provided a non-therapeutic use of an oral care composition for one or more of:

[0213] (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal;

[0214] (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and

[0215] (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal, wherein the oral care composition comprises:

[0216] (a) a sugar alcohol;

[0217] (b) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and

[0218] (c) a gourmand flavouring agent.

[0219] For example, in some embodiments, there is provided an oral care composition for use in one or more of:

[0220] (i) inducing sleep in a subject;

[0221] (ii) improving quality of sleep of a subject; and

[0222] (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a subject, wherein subject has a sleep disorder, and wherein the oral care composition comprises:

[0223] (a) a sugar alcohol;

[0224] (b) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and

[0225] (c) a gourmand flavouring agent.

[0226] In some embodiments, there is provided an oral care composition for use in treating a sleep disorder, wherein the oral care composition comprises: (a) a sugar alcohol;

[0227] (b) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and

[0228] (c) a gourmand flavouring agent.

[0229] In some embodiments, there is provided a non-therapeutic use of an oral care composition for one or more of:

[0230] (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal;

[0231] (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and

[0232] (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal, wherein the oral care composition comprises:

[0233] (a) a sugar alcohol; and

[0234] (b) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising at least cyclotene.

[0235] For example, in some embodiments, there is provided an oral care composition for use in one or more of:

[0236] (i) inducing sleep in a subject;

[0237] (ii) improving quality of sleep of a subject; and

[0238] (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a subject, wherein subject has a sleep disorder, and wherein the oral care composition comprises:

[0239] (a) a sugar alcohol; and

[0240] (b) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising at least cyclotene.

[0241] In some embodiments, there is provided an oral care composition for use in treating a sleep disorder, wherein the oral care composition comprises:

[0242] (a) a sugar alcohol; and

[0243] (b) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising at least cyclotene.

[0244] In addition to the above, there is also provided herein a use of a gourmand flavouring agent in a toothpaste for one or more of:

[0245] (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal;

[0246] (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and

[0247] (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

[0248] Also provided herein is a method of (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal; (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and / or (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal, comprising administering a gourmand flavouring agent to the human or animal. According to one aspect, there is provided a non-therapeutic use of a gourmand flavouring agent in a toothpaste for one or more of:

[0249] (i) inducing sleep in a human or animal;

[0250] (ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and

[0251] (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

[0252] The gourmand flavouring agent may be as described above in the section titled “Gourmand flavouring agent”. For example, the gourmand flavouring agent is selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof. In some preferred embodiments, the gourmand flavouring agent comprises at least cyclotene.

[0253] In some embodiments, the toothpaste in the non-therapeutic use may comprise a total amount of gourmand flavouring agent as described above in the section titled “Gourmand flavouring agent” and noting that each of the ranges discussed in this section equally apply to this aspect of the invention. For example, the toothpaste in the non-therapeutic use may comprise a total amount of gourmand flavouring agent of from about 0.001% to about 0.5% by weight of the toothpaste. In some embodiments, the toothpaste comprises at least cyclotene present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 0.1 % by weight of the toothpaste.

[0254] The gourmand flavouring agent may be administered to the user in a toothpaste, such as an oral care composition as described herein in any of the sections described above (and in any combinations as described hereinabove). Each of the above embodiments relating to the oral care composition is not repeated here for conciseness but is intended to be applicable to these non-therapeutic uses. For example, the gourmand flavouring agent may be administered to the user in a toothpaste further comprising a sugar alcohol and / or an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus. Preferably, the gourmand flavouring agent is administered to the user in a toothpaste further comprising an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus.

[0255] The toothpaste in such uses may be an oral care composition as described herein. For example, the toothpaste may comprise the gourmand flavouring agent and an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus. In some embodiments, the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus comprises lavender oil, lavandin oil, or combinations thereof, preferably wherein the extract comprises a combination of lavender oil and lavandin oil. In some embodiments, the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus comprises lavender oil and lavandin oil, preferably in a weight ratio of from about 5: 1 to about 1 :1.

[0256] In addition to the above, there is also provided herein a toothpaste comprising a gourmand flavouring agent for use in treating a sleep disorder. There is also provided a method of treating a sleep disorder in a subject, comprising administering a toothpaste comprising a gourmand flavouring agent to the subject.

[0257] In some embodiments, the toothpaste comprising a gourmand flavouring agent may be for use in one or more of:

[0258] (i) inducing sleep in a subject;

[0259] (ii) improving quality of sleep of a subject; and

[0260] (iii) increasing amount of sleep of a subject, wherein the subject has a sleep disorder.

[0261] In such embodiments, the toothpaste and the gourmand flavouring agent may comprise the same features as those noted above for the non-therapeutic use. For example, the toothpaste may be an oral care composition as described more generally herein. Each of these embodiments is not repeated here for conciseness but is intended to be applicable to these therapeutic uses.

[0262] Process

[0263] Also described herein is a process for the production of a composition comprising (i) a sugar alcohol; (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent; the process comprising the following steps:

[0264] (a) preparing a preparatory composition comprising a gourmand flavouring agent and an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and

[0265] (b) contacting the preparatory composition with a sugar alcohol to provide a resulting composition.

[0266] In some embodiments, the composition produced by this process is a composition as defined hereinabove.

[0267] In some embodiments, the process comprises combining additives with the sugar alcohol before, during or after addition of the sugar alcohol to the preparatory composition. In some embodiments, the process comprises combining additives with the sugar alcohol before addition of the sugar alcohol to the preparatory composition. For example, the process may comprise combining water, a humectant and / or a surfactant with the sugar alcohol, and then contacting the resulting mixture with the preparatory composition. Alternatively, any water, humectant and / or surfactant may be added to the mixture at the same time as the sugar alcohol is contacted with the preparatory composition. Alternatively or in addition, any water, humectant and / or surfactant may be added to the mixture after the sugar alcohol has been contacted with the preparatory composition.

[0268] In some embodiments, the process comprises an additional step (c) of adding a gelling or thickening agent to the resulting composition prepared in step (b). For example, a hydrocolloid gelling or thickening agent as described herein may be added in an additional step (c). Step (c) may comprise mixing or blending the gelling or thickening agent with the resulting composition.

[0269] Also described herein is a product obtained or obtainable by a process for the production of a composition comprising (i) a sugar alcohol; (ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent; the process comprising the following steps:

[0270] (a) preparing a preparatory composition comprising a gourmand flavouring agent and an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and

[0271] (b) contacting the preparatory composition with a sugar alcohol to provide a resulting composition.

[0272] The composition obtained or obtainable by the process as described herein is preferably an oral care composition as defined hereinabove.

[0273] Also described herein is a process for the production of a composition comprising (i) a sugar alcohol; and (iii) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising cyclotene; the process comprising the following step:

[0274] (a) contacting the gourmand flavouring agent comprising cyclotene with a sugar alcohol.

[0275] Method

[0276] In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method comprising contacting the teeth of a user with the composition as defined herein. Preferably, the method comprises contacting the teeth of a user with the composition. Preferably, the method is a cosmetic method comprising contacting the teeth of a user with the cosmetic composition as defined herein.

[0277] In some embodiments, the composition (such as cosmetic composition) is an oral care agent. Preferably, the composition is a composition for cleaning (e.g. brushing) the teeth of a user. The composition may be applied to the teeth of the user either directly, or after the user has taken a suitable sized, smaller portion of the composition from the total composition using their fingers or a separate applicator (e.g. toothbrush). For example, when the composition is a composition for cleaning the teeth of a user, the user may dip a toothbrush into the composition and scoop a portion of the composition onto the toothbrush for subsequent application to the teeth.

[0278] The composition may be applied to the teeth of the user as with a conventional toothpaste. In other words, the user may apply the composition to the teeth, brush their teeth so as to rub the composition onto and over the enamel, and then subsequently rinse their mouth with water to remove the composition from the teeth. It has been surprisingly found by the present inventors that the composition as defined herein has a ‘low’ to ‘medium’ abrasivity (with an REA value of between 0 and 7, and an RDA value of between 0 and 100) even when including abrasive materials in an amount of up to about 15% by weight.

[0279] It has been surprisingly found by the present inventors that the composition described herein may promote or enhance relaxation in a user such that sleep may be induced, quality of sleep may be improved and / or amount of sleep may be increased.

[0280] EXAMPLES

[0281] Example 1

[0282] A product having the following composition is prepared:

[0283] The product is prepared using the following method:

[0284] 1. Prepare a flavouring composition by mixing lavender oil, lavandin oil, cyclotene, vanillin, veltol and benzoin.

[0285] 2. Infuse mint in water by heating the water to around 100°C and adding mint.

[0286] 3. Blend sorbitol, 7% of the glycerine and surfactant, and add to the infused water.

[0287] 4. Subsequently add xylitol and silica, and gently mix.

[0288] 5. Add the flavouring composition to the remaining glycerine, mix and then add to the composition mixture and gently blend.

[0289] 6. Stir together the sodium carboxymethyl starch and xanthan gum, and then add to the composition mixture and blend to thicken the composition.

[0290] Example 2

[0291] An oral care composition was prepared in accordance with the present claims (and in particular claims 13 and claim 34). The oral care composition included the following ingredients:

[0292] - Water

[0293] - Xylitol

[0294] - Glycerine

[0295] - Silica

[0296] - Sorbitol

[0297] - Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate

[0298] - Sodium carboxymethyl starch

[0299] - Xanthan gum - Menthol

[0300] - Extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus o Combination of lavender oil and lavandin oil

[0301] - Gourmand flavouring agent o Combination of cyclotene, vanillin, veltol, benzoin

[0302] Samples of the oral care composition were provided to a panel of 58 independent testers in order to test each of the samples. The age range of the independent testers was from 20 to 78 years old. Each of the testers was asked to use the composition in place of their usual toothpaste as part of their usual daily toothbrushing regime. All of the testers used the composition for brushing their teeth at least before bedtime in the evening. Five of the testers used the product for a period of less than 7 days. All remaining testers used the product for at least 7 days.

[0303] The panel of testers were each asked the question: “Do you struggle to fall asleep or wake frequently in the night?” 56 out of the 58 testers (96.6%) responded with “Yes”. The majority of those who reported that they struggle to fall asleep or wake frequently did not report a particular sleep disorder but indicated that it can be difficult to wind down or “switch off after a busy day”.

[0304] The panel of testers were also asked the question: “Did this product help you to wind down before bed?”

[0305] In response, 33 of the testers answered “Yes”, while 2 of the testers did not answer the question.

[0306] Other questions that the panel of testers were asked were:

[0307] - Did using this product have any effect on the amount of sleep you had? (In other words, did you sleep longer than you normally do on average?) o 29 of the testers answered “yes”, while 1 tester did not answer

[0308] - Did using this product have any effect on the quality of sleep you had? For example, did you feel better rested on waking in the morning than you normally do on average? o 23 of the testers answered “yes”, while 1 tester did not answer

[0309] - Would you recommend this product to friends or family who struggle to get adequate rest? o 34 of the testers answered “yes”, while 1 tester did not answer

[0310] - Does your mouth feel fresh and your teeth clean after using this product? o 45 of the testers answered “yes”

[0311] One tester reported that they have sleep apnoea and fibromyalgia. Their responses to the questions indicated that this product helped them to wind down before bed, noting “I did sleep all night after using this 1 st time which was amazing”. They also indicated that they slept longer and had better quality of sleep (i.e. felt better rested upon waking) after using the composition.

[0312] Another tester reported that they have long-term insomnia. Their responses to the questions indicated that this product helped them to wind down before bed and that the product “became a more soothing part of my nightly routine”. They also reported an increase in amount of sleep and improvement in quality of sleep, noting in particular that “I felt like I slept a little deeper and for slightly longer than usual.”

[0313] Various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing form the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in chemistry, biology or related fields are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1 . A non-therapeutic use of a gourmand flavouring agent in a toothpaste for one or more of:(i) inducing sleep in a human or animal;(ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and(iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

2. The use according to claim 1 , wherein the toothpaste comprises the gourmand flavouring agent and an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus.

3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus comprises lavender oil, lavandin oil, or combinations thereof.

4. The use according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus comprises lavender oil and lavandin oil, preferably in a weight ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1 :1.

5. The use according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the toothpaste.

6. The use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gourmand flavouring agent is selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof.

7. The use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the total amount of gourmand flavouring agent is from about 0.001% to about 0.5% by weight of the toothpaste.

8. The use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gourmand flavouring agent comprises at least cyclotene, preferably wherein the cyclotene is present in an amount of from about 0.001 % to about 0.1 % by weight of the toothpaste.

9. The use according to any one of the claims 2 to 8, wherein the weight ratio of the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus to the gourmand flavouring agent is from about 5:1 to about 1 :2, preferably from about 2:1 to about 1 :1.

10. A toothpaste comprising a gourmand flavouring agent for use in treating a sleep disorder.

11. The toothpaste comprising a gourmand flavouring agent for use of claim 10, wherein the toothpaste is for use in one or more of:(i) inducing sleep in a subject; (ii) improving quality of sleep in a subject; and (iii) increasing amount of sleep in a subject, wherein the subject has a sleep disorder.

12. The toothpaste for use of claim 10 or 11 , wherein the toothpaste is as defined in any one of claims 2 to 9.

13. An oral care composition comprising:(i) a sugar alcohol;(ii) an extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus; and(iii) a gourmand flavouring agent.

14. The oral care composition according to claim 13, wherein the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, isomalt, maltitol, mannitol, lactitol, and combinations thereof, preferably wherein the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol and combinations thereof.

15. The oral care composition according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the total amount of sugar alcohol is from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the composition.

16. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the sugar alcohol comprises a combination of sorbitol and xylitol present in a weight ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1 :5.

17. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus comprises lavender oil, lavandin oil, or combinations thereof.

18. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus comprises lavender oil and lavandin oil, preferably in a weight ratio of from about 5: 1 to about 1 :1.

19. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition.

20. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the gourmand flavouring agent is selected from the group consisting of benzoin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin acetate, carob resin, vanilla absolute, coumarin, tonka bean, maltol, ethyl maltol, honeycomb absolute, isoamyl acetate, veltol, furaneol, cyclotene, cocoa extract, gingerol, zingiberene, cinnamal, limonene, lemon myrtle, labdanum, lemongrass, grapefruit, rosemary, armoise, lemon, neroli, orange, litsea cubeba, coffee extract, acetyl propionyl, and combinations thereof.

21. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the total amount of gourmand flavouring agent is from about 0.001% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition.

22. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 21 , wherein the gourmand flavouring agent comprises at least cyclotene, preferably wherein the cyclotene is present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 0.1 % by weight of the composition.

23. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 22, wherein the weight ratio of the extract from a plant of the Lavandula genus to the gourmand flavouring agent is from about 5:1 to about 1 :2, preferably from about 2:1 to about 1 :1.

24. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 23, wherein the composition further comprises an inorganic material, preferably wherein the inorganic material is an abrasive agent.

25. The oral care composition according to claim 24, wherein the abrasive agent is selected from the group consisting of silica, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and combinations thereof, more preferably wherein the abrasive agent comprises silica.

26. The oral care composition according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the abrasive agent is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition.

27. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 26, wherein the composition further comprises water, preferably wherein the water is present in an amount of from about 20% to about 40% by weight of the composition.

28. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 27 further comprising a humectant, preferably wherein the humectant is present in an amount of from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the composition.

29. The oral care composition according to claim 28, wherein the humectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerine, monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3- propanediol, butanediol, and mixtures thereof.

30. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 29 further comprising a surfactant, preferably wherein the surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

31. The oral care composition according to claim 30, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, N-lauroyl sarcosine, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium cocosulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium myreth sulfate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium olefin sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, lauryl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, trimethyl glycine betaine, sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, disodium lauroamphodiacetate, cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cetrimonium chloride, behentrimonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

32. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 31 , wherein the composition further comprises one or more cosmetically acceptable additives selected from a thickening agent, binder, filler, sweetener, opacifier, vegetable butter, vegetable oil, vitamin, perfume, fragrance, colouring, protein, decorative item, acidity modifier, herb and / or herb extract, fruit and / or fruit extract, botanical extract, and mixtures thereof.

33. The oral care composition according to any one of claims 13 to 32, wherein the composition further comprises sodium fluoride, preferably wherein the sodium fluoride is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of the composition.

34. An oral care composition comprising:(i) a sugar alcohol;(ii) a gourmand flavouring agent comprising at least cyclotene.

35. An oral care composition according to claim 34, wherein the composition comprises the features as defined in any one of claims 13 to 33.

36. A non-therapeutic use of an oral care composition as defined in any one of claims 13 to 35 for one or more of:(i) inducing sleep in a human or animal;(ii) improving quality of sleep of a human or animal; and(iii) increasing amount of sleep of a human or animal.

37. An oral care composition as defined in any one of claims 13 to 35 for use in one or more of:(i) inducing sleep in a subject;(ii) improving quality of sleep in a subject; and(iii) increasing amount of sleep in a subject, wherein the subject has a sleep disorder.

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