Circuit breaker with internal power supply

Abstract

A circuit breaker (100b, 100c) with internal power supply comprises a source side (110) for coupling the circuit breaker to a power grid, and a load side (120) for coupling the circuit breaker to a load. The circuit breaker comprises an internal power supply unit (130) having an input side (131a, 131b, 131c, 131d) to apply an input voltage and an output side (132) to provide a supply voltage for controlling a controllable semiconductor switch (140) of the circuit breaker, wherein the internal power supply unit (130) is configured to generate the supply voltage from the input voltage. The input side (131a, 131b, 131c, 131d) of the internal power supply unit (130) is coupled to the source side (110) and the load side (120) of the circuit breaker.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY

[0003] Technical field

[0004] The disclosure relates to a circuit breaker with an internal power supply to control internal semiconductor switches of the circuit breaker .

[0005] Background

[0006] In electrical power grids, for example AC and / or DC grids, the electrical loads in the grid as well as the supply sources connected to the power grid, such as battery storage devices or energy sources for feeding in electricity generated from alternative energies, must be protected against prolonged overloads and sudden short circuits .

[0007] Circuit breakers are usually used for this purpose .

[0008] In addition to mechanical circuit breakers, so-called solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) , which have purely electrically operated semiconductor switches such as IGBTs, MOSFETs, thyristors, etc . , are increasingly being used. This type of circuit breaker is characterized by its fast switching behavior and lack of mechanical abrasion. Another type of circuit breaker is the so-called hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) which is a combination of a solid-state circuit breaker and a mechanical bypass switch

[0009] Figure 1 shows a configuration of a conventional hybrid circuit breaker 100a comprising a source side 110 for coupling the circuit breaker to a power grid, and a load side 120 for coupling the circuit breaker to a load. The hybrid circuit breaker 100a comprises a current path 111 arranged between a terminal 101 at the source side 110 and a terminal 102 at the load side 120. A parallel connection of a controllable semiconductor switch 140, a voltage clamping circuit 150, and a controllable mechanical switch 160 is arranged in the first current path 111 between terminal 101 and terminal 102. The hybrid circuit breaker 100a further comprises a disconnector device 170 arranged in the current path 111 between terminal 102 and the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch 140, the voltage clamping circuit 150 and the controllable mechanical switch 160 .

[0010] The hybrid circuit breaker 100a further comprises a second current path 112 being arranged between a terminal 103 located at the source side 110 and a terminal 104 located at the load side 120 of the circuit breaker . A disconnector device 180 is arranged in the second current path 112 between terminals 103 and 104. Figure 1 shows a configuration of a 2P breaker with only one pole protected and two poles isolated. It has to be noted that protection function, as shown in current path 111, can be included in current path 112 as well depending on the grid topology.

[0011] Referring to Figure 1, the hybrid circuit breaker comprises voltage measurement unit 191 to measure a voltage between current path 111 and current path 112, and a current measurement unit 192 to measure a current in current path 111. The hybrid circuit breaker 100a further comprises an internal power supply unit 130 which is provided to generate a supply voltage at its output side 132 in response to an input voltage received at an input side 131a, 131b of the internal power supply unit 130. The supply voltage generated by the internal power supply unit 130 is used to control the controllable semiconductor switch 140 as well as the controllable mechanical switch 160 and the disconnector devices 170, 180. The input side 131a of the internal power supply unit 130 is connected to a first internal node 105 located in the first current path 111 at the source side 110. The input side 131b of the internal power supply unit 130 is connected to a second internal node 107 located in the second current path 112 at the source side 110 of the hybrid circuit breaker .

[0012] Figure 2 shows an exemplified configuration of a power grid 1, for example a DC power grid, comprising a positive DC conductor / DC link+ 2a and a negative DC conductor / DC link-2b . The positive DC conductor / DC link+ 2a and the negative DC conductor / DC link- 2b , also called M point, are connected via cables 3a, 3b including parasitic resistors 8 and stray inductances 9 and a DC / DC converter 40 to an energy source configured as battery device 10 to supply power to the DC power grid 1. The positive DC conductor / DC link+ 2a and the negative DC conductor / DC link- 2b are further connected via cables 4a, 4b and a DC / DC converter 50 to an alternative energy source 20 which provides electrical energy for the DC power grid from alternative energies . The alternative energy source 20 may be configured, for example, as a photovoltaic (PV) energy source . The positive DC conductor / DC link+ 2a and the negative DC conductor / DC link- 2b are further connected via cables 5a, 5b and an AC / DC converter or an AFE (active front end) / AIC (active infeed converter) 60 to an AC power grid 30 to supply power to the DC power grid 1 from the AC power grid 30. Electrical loads, such as AC loads 90a or DC loads 90b are connected via a DC / AC inverter 70 or DC / DC converters 80 and cables 6a, 6b or 7a, 7b to the positive DC conductor / DC link+ 2a and the negative DC conductor / DC link-2b .

[0013] Figure 2 shows the circuit breakers 100a being arranged between the positive and negative conductors 2a and 2b of the DC power grid 1 and the electrical energy sources 10 and 20. The circuit breakers 100a are connected on their source side 110 to the positive and negative conductors 2a, 2b of the DC power grid 1 and on their load side 120 to the loads, i . e . the electrical energy sources 10 and 20. Other circuit breakers 100a are connected between the positive and negative conductors 2a, 2b of the DC power grid and the AC power grid 30, AC loads 90a and DC loads 90b .

[0014] To start the DC power grid 1 and switch on the circuit breakers 100a, the DC power grid is pre-charged with a voltage . For this purpose, a pre-charging circuit 200 is connected to the positive and negative conductors 2a, 2b . The pre-charging circuit may be supplied with electrical energy, for example, from the AC grid 30 or an auxiliary power supply such as a small battery charged with AC source .

[0015] Since the circuit breakers 100a are connected with their source side 110 to the positive and negative conductors 2a, 2b of the DC power grid, the pre-charging voltage is applied to the terminals 101 and 103 and thus to the internal nodes 105 and 107 of the hybrid circuit breakers 100a . The internal voltage supply unit 130 is thus supplied with an input voltage on its input side 131a, 131b and can provide the supply voltage for controlling the controllable semiconductor switch 140, the controllable mechanical switch 160 and the disconnectors 170, 180 on its output side 132. To start the DC power grid 1, the controllable switches 140, 160 and the disconnectors 170, 180 of the hybrid circuit breakers 100a are controlled in a switched-on state so that the battery device 10, the alternative energy source 20 and AC AFE and loads can supply electrical energy in the DC power grid 1 .

[0016] If fault occurs on the AC grid side, for example a short-circuit that causes the AC grid 30 to fail, and battery device 10 is not available or discharged and alternative energy source 20 is also not available during this time period, DC power grid 1 faces complete black-out .

[0017] Despite the failure of the AC grid 30, which feeds power into the DC power grid 1 during normal operation, the DC power grid could continue to be operated using the battery device 10 and / or the alternative energy source 20, for example a photovoltaic energy storage system. To do this, the hybrid circuit breakers 100a would have to be switched on again in order to reconnect the battery device 10 and / or the alternative energy source 20 to the DC power grid 1 so that electrical energy from the energy sources 10 and 20 can be supplied to be fed into the DC power grid 1. However, since the pre-charging circuit 200 can no longer be supplied by the faulty AC grid 30, the DC power grid 1 cannot be pre-charged again. Pre-charging circuit 200 could be for instance supplied by an UPS system. However, this solution is expensive and additional components are required.

[0018] As a result, no input voltage is available at the source side 110 of the hybrid circuit breakers 100a and thus at the input side 131a, 131b of the internal power supply unit 130 of the circuit breakers 100a to generate the supply voltage for switching on the controllable semiconductor switch 140, the controllable mechanical switch 160 and the disconnectors 170, 180 .

[0019] In the application case shown in Figure 2, for example in battery applications and photovoltaic applications, when the circuit breakers 100a are connected on their load side 120 to the battery device 10 and the alternative energy source 20, the opened / switched-of f disconnectors 170, 180 prevent the input voltage for the internal voltage supply unit 130 from being provided from the load side 120, i . e . from the energy sources 10 and 20, to the input side 131a, 131b of the internal power supply unit 130 to switch on again the controllable semiconductor switch 140, the controllable mechanical switch 160 and the disconnectors 170, 180.

[0020] There is a desire to provide a circuit breaker, especially a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) or a hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) , in which the internal voltage supply unit can be supplied with an input voltage from both the source side and the load side of the circuit breaker in order to provide the supply voltage required to control the internal controllable switches of the circuit breaker .

[0021] Summary

[0022] An embodiment of a circuit breaker with internal power supply which can be supplied with an input voltage from the source side of the circuit breaker or from the load side of the circuit breaker is specified in claim 1.

[0023] The circuit breaker with internal power supply comprises a source side for coupling the circuit breaker to a power grid, and a load side for coupling the circuit breaker to a load. The load can be a device, for example an energy source device, an AC load device or a DC load device, to be coupled to the power grid. The circuit breaker comprises a controllable semiconductor switch being arranged between the source side and the load side of the circuit breaker . The circuit breaker further comprises an internal power supply unit having an input side to apply an input voltage and an output side to provide a supply voltage for controlling the controllable semiconductor switch. The internal power supply unit is configured to generate the supply voltage from the input voltage . According to the proposed approach of the circuit breaker, the input side of the internal power supply unit is coupled to the source side and the load side of the circuit breaker .

[0024] In the proposed circuit breaker concept, the input voltage for the internal power supply unit can be provided both from the source side and from the load side of the circuit breaker . The internal power supply unit can therefore generate the supply voltage for controlling the controllable semiconductor switch if the input voltage is provided from the source side or from the load side of the circuit breaker .

[0025] For example, when using the circuit breaker to couple a DC power grid with energy sources as loads, such as a battery device and an alternative energy source, the controllable semiconductor switch of the circuit breaker can be switched on by providing the input voltage for the internal power supply unit 130 from the source side of the circuit breaker that is coupled to the DC power grid or from the load side of the circuit breaker which is coupled to the battery device 10 or the alternative energy source 20. With the proposed approach, external precharge with UPS is not required and grid can be started from battery storage or / and PV source . Another advantage is that by starting the grid AC AFE could be started to and battery device could be used to form AC grid .

[0026] According to a possible embodiment, the circuit breaker can be configured as a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) which comprises a voltage clamping circuit that is arranged in parallel to the controllable semiconductor switch. The parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch and the voltage clamping circuit are connected between the source side and the load side of the solid-state circuit breaker . A disconnector device, for example a mechanical galvanic separation relay, is arranged between the load side and the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch and the voltage clamping circuit .

[0027] According to the proposed approach of the circuit breaker in the solid-state configuration, the input side of the internal power supply unit is connected to a first internal node of the circuit breaker being arranged between the source side of the circuit breaker and the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch and the overload protection device . The input side of the internal power supply unit of the solid-state circuit breaker is further connected to a second internal node of the circuit breaker being arranged between the load side of the circuit breaker and the disconnector device .

[0028] According to another possible configuration, the circuit breaker can be configured as a hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) . In comparison to the SSCB, the hybrid circuit breaker comprises a semiconductor switch, a voltage clamping circuit and a controllable mechanical switch, for example a bypass relay, which is connected in parallel to the controllable semiconductor switch and the a voltage clamping circuit . A disconnector device, for example galvanic separation relay, is connected between the load side of the circuit breaker and the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch, the voltage clamping circuit and the controllable mechanical switch.

[0029] According to the proposed approach of the circuit breaker in the hybrid configuration, the input side of the internal power supply unit is connected to a first internal node of the circuit breaker being arranged between the source side of the circuit breaker and the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch, the voltage clamping circuit and the controllable mechanical switch. The input side of the internal power supply unit is further connected to a second internal node of the circuit breaker being arranged between the load side of the circuit breaker and the disconnector device .

[0030] In conventional SSCBs or HCBs, the internal power supply unit is connected only to the source side of the circuit breakers . Consequently, the controllable switches of a conventional SSCB, i . e . the controllable semiconductor switch and the disconnector, and the controllable switches of a conventional HCB, i . e . the controllable semiconductor switch, the controllable mechanical switch and the disconnector, can only be controlled if an input voltage is available on the source side of the breakers . Since the breakers are voltage dependent, if the input voltage on the source side of the breakers is not available, the breakers change from on-state to off-state, and it is not possible to control the circuit breaker .

[0031] It should be mentioned here that there are also SSCB and HCB supplied by an auxiliary power supply such as 24V and 48V. However, this configuration requires source of energy for the auxiliary supply and is complicated and expensive .

[0032] When the circuit breaker is connected with its source side to a DC power grid and with its load side to an energy source, for example a battery device or an energy source using alternative energies, the circuit breaker, particularly the internal power supply unit of the circuit breaker, could basically also be supplied from the load side . However, if the circuit breaker has disconnected the DC power grid from the energy source in the event of a fault, it is not possible to provide the input voltage for the internal power supply unit from the load side, because the disconnector device, for example the galvanic separation relay, is operated in an open state .

[0033] The proposed approach of an SSCB or HCB solves this problem as the breakers' internal power supply cannot only be supplied from the source side but also from the load side . It is thus possible to power up the internal power supply of the breaker to control it from the load side if the input voltage on the source side is not available . With the proposed solution, for example, battery or alternative energy sources, such as photovoltaic sources, in battery or PV applications can also provide the input power to power up the internal power supply for controlling the breaker and to start up the DC link in a DC power grid. The pre-charging circuit can be eliminated from the circuit . Additional features and advantages are set forth in the detailed description that follows . It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claims .

[0034] Brief Description of the Drawing

[0035] The accompanying figures are included to provide further understanding, and are incorporated in, and constitute a part of the specification. As such, the proposed configuration of a circuit breaker with internal power supply will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures of which

[0036] Figure 1 shows a conventional configuration of a hybrid circuit breaker in which the input voltage for an internal power supply unit of the breaker is provided only at the source side of the breaker;

[0037] Figure 2 shows a DC power grid comprising electrical conductors which are coupled to energy sources by conventional circuit breakers;

[0038] Figure 3A shows an embodiment of a solid-state circuit breaker with an internal power supply unit being supplied with an input voltage from the source side and the load side of the circuit breaker;

[0039] Figure 3B shows an embodiment of a hybrid circuit breaker with an internal power supply unit being supplied with an input voltage from the source side and the load side of the circuit breaker; and

[0040] Figure 4 shows a DC power grid comprising electrical conductors which are coupled to energy sources by circuit breakers being powered up from the source side and the load side of the circuit breakers .

[0041] Detailed Description

[0042] Figures 3A and 3B show embodiments of a voltage dependent circuit breakers 100a and 100b in a solid-state configuration (Figure 3A) and in a hybrid state configuration (Figure 3B) . The circuit breakers 100b, 100c comprise a source side 110 for coupling the circuit breakers 100b, 100c to a power grid, for example a DC power grid, and a load side 120 for coupling the circuit breakers 100b, 100c to a load, for example a device, such as an energy source, to be coupled to the power grid. The circuit breakers 100b, 100c comprise a controllable semiconductor switch 140 being arranged between the source side 110 and the load side 120. The circuit breakers 100b, 100c further comprise an internal power supply unit 130 having an input side 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d to apply an input voltage, and an output side 132 to provide a supply voltage for controlling the controllable semiconductor switch 140.

[0043] The internal power supply unit 130 is configured to generate the supply voltage from the input voltage . The input side 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d of the internal power supply unit 130 is coupled to the source side 110 and the load side 120. The proposed configuration of the circuit breakers 100b and 100c enables to supply and thus to power up the internal power supply unit 130 with an input voltage applied at the source side 110 or the load side 120 of the circuit breakers .

[0044] Referring to Figures 3A and 3B, the input side 131a of the internal power supply unit 130 is connected to an internal node 105 of the circuit breakers 100b, 100c . The internal node 105 is arranged between the controllable semiconductor switch 140 and a terminal 101 of the circuit breakers at the source side 110. The circuit breakers 100b, 100c comprise a disconnector device 170 being arranged between the controllable semiconductor switch 140 and a terminal 102 of the circuit breakers at the load side 120. The disconnector device 170 may be configured as a mechanical disconnector, for example a galvanic separation relay. The input side 131b of the internal power supply unit 130 is connected to an internal node 106 of the circuit breakers 100b, 100c being arranged in current path 111 between the disconnector device 170 and the terminal 102 of the circuit breakers at the load side 120.

[0045] The circuit breakers 100b, 100c shown in Figures 3A and 3B comprise a current path 112 being arranged between a terminal 103 of the circuit breakers at the source side 110 and a terminal 104 of the circuit breakers at the load side 120. The circuit breakers 100b, 100c comprises a disconnector device 180 being arranged in the current path 112. The disconnector device 180 may be configured as a mechanical disconnector, for example a galvanic separation relay. The input side 131c of the internal power supply unit 130 is connected to an internal node 107 of the circuit breakers being arranged between the disconnector device 180 and the terminal 103. The input side 131d of the internal power supply unit 130 is connected to an internal node 108 of the circuit breakers 100b, 100c being arranged between the disconnector device 180 and the terminal 104.

[0046] Figure 3A shows an embodiment of a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) that comprises a voltage clamping circuit (VCC) 150 being arranged in parallel to the controllable semiconductor switch 140. The voltage clamping circuit may be configured as a metal oxide varistor (MOV) , a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diode, a Zener diode, a capacitor diode resistor combination snubber circuits . It is used to generate voltage which is larger than source voltage and lower than breakdown voltage of 140 so that current naturally comes to zero and semiconductor is protected against avalanche breakdown. The parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch 140 and the voltage clamping circuit 150 is arranged between the internal node 105 / terminal 101 and the disconnector device 170. The SSCB 100b comprises a current path 111 being arranged between terminal 101 and terminal 102. The disconnector device 170 and the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch 140 and the voltage clamping circuit 150 is arranged in series in the current path 111.

[0047] Figure 3B shows a hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) which comprises a voltage clamping circuit (VCC) 150, for example as discussed with reference to Figure 3A, being arranged in parallel to the controllable semiconductor switch 140 between the disconnector device 170 and the internal node 105. The HCB 100c further comprises a controllable mechanical switch 160, for example a bypass relay, being arranged in parallel to the controllable semiconductor switch 140 and the voltage clamping circuit 150. As shown in Figure 3B, the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch 140 and the voltage clamping circuit 150 and the controllable mechanical switch 160 is arranged between the internal node 105 / terminal 101 and the disconnector device 170.

[0048] The HCB 100c comprises a first current path 111 being arranged between terminal 101 and terminal 102. The disconnector device 170 and the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch 140, the voltage clamping circuit 150 and the controllable mechanical switch 160 are arranged in series in current path 111.

[0049] Figure 4 shows a configuration of a power grid 1, for example a DC power grid, comprising a positive DC conductor / DC link+ 2a and a negative DC conductor / DC link- 2b . Load devices such as energy sources, for example battery device 10, alternative energy source 20, and AC grid 30, are connected via cables 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b and DC / DC converter 40 or DC / DC converter 50 or AC / DC converter, or AFE / AIC to the positive DC conductor 2a and the negative DC conductor 2b . Other loads, such as AC loads 90a and DC loads 90b, are connected via cables 6a, 6b and 7a, 7b and DC / AC inverter 70 or DC / DC converter 80 to the positive DC conductor 2a and the negative DC conductor 2b .

[0050] The proposed SSCB 100b shown in Figure 3A or the proposed HCB 100c shown in Figure 3B is connected with their source side 110 to positive / negative DC conductor 2a, 2b and with their load side 120 to battery device 10 or alternative energy source 20, for example, a photovoltaic energy source .

[0051] Due to the proposed configuration of the SSCB 100b and the HCB 100c, the internal power supply unit 130 of the circuit breakers 100b and 100c can be powered up by providing the input voltage at the input side of the internal power supply unit 130 from the source side 110, i . e . the positive / negative conductors 2a and 2b of the DC power grid 1 or from the load side 120, i . e . from energy source 10 or energy source 20.

[0052] The proposed approach of the SSCB 100b and the HCB 100c thus allows to control the circuit breakers from the energy sources 10 and 20 when a failure occurs so that the input voltage for the internal power supply unit 130 is not available at the source side 110 of the circuit breakers . With the proposed configurations of the SSCB 100b and the HCB 100c, it is possible to power up and control the circuit breakers 100b, 100c from the battery device 10 or the alternative energy source 20, and thus to start up the DC links 2a, 2b when a pre-charge voltage on the positive and negative DC conductors 2a and 2b is not available due to a failure . List of References

[0053] 1 DC power grid

[0054] 2a positive DC conductor / DC link+ 2b negative DC conductor / DC link3a, 7b cable

[0055] 8 parasitic resistor

[0056] 9 stray inductance

[0057] 10 battery device

[0058] 20 alternative energy source

[0059] 30 AC grid

[0060] 40 DC / DC converter

[0061] 50 DC / DC converter

[0062] 60 AC / DC AFE / AIC

[0063] 70 DC / AC inverter

[0064] 80 DC / DC converter

[0065] 90a AC loads

[0066] 90b DC loads

[0067] 100a conventional circuit breaker 100b solid-state circuit breaker 100c hybrid circuit breaker

[0068] 101, ..., 104 terminal

[0069] 105, ..., 108 internal node

[0070] 110 source side

[0071] 111 first current path

[0072] 112 second current path

[0073] 120 load side

[0074] 130 internal power supply unit 131a, ..., 131d input side

[0075] 132 output side

[0076] 140 controllable semiconductor switch 150 voltage clamping circuit

[0077] 160 controllable mechanical switch , 180 disconnector

[0078] voltage measurement unit current measurement unit

Claims

Claims1 . A circuit breaker with internal power supply, comprising : - a source side ( 110 ) for coupling the circuit breaker ( 100b, 100c ) to a power grid,- a load side ( 120 ) for coupling the circuit breaker ( 100b, 100c ) to a load,- a controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) being arranged between the source side ( 110 ) and the load side ( 120 ) ,- an internal power supply unit ( 130 ) having an input side ( 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d) to apply an input voltage and an output side ( 132 ) to provide a supply voltage for controlling the controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) ,- wherein the internal power supply unit ( 130 ) is configured to generate the supply voltage from the input voltage ,- wherein the input side ( 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d) of the internal power supply unit ( 130 ) is coupled to the source side ( 110 ) and the load side ( 120 ) .2 . The circuit breaker of claim 1 ,wherein the input side ( 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d) of the internal power supply unit ( 130 ) is connected to a first internal node ( 105 ) of the circuit breaker ( 100b, 100c ) being arranged between the controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) and a first terminal ( 101 ) of the circuit breaker at the source side ( 110 ) .3 . The circuit breaker of claim 2 , comprising :a disconnector device ( 170 ) being arranged between the controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) and a second terminal ( 102 ) of the circuit breaker ( 100b, 100c ) at the load side4 . The circuit breaker of claim 3 ,wherein the input side ( 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d) of the internal power supply unit ( 130 ) is connected to a second internal node ( 106 ) of the circuit breaker ( 100b, 100c ) being arranged between the disconnector device ( 170 ) and the second terminal ( 102 ) of the circuit breaker at the load side ( 120 ) .5 . The circuit breaker of claim 4 , comprising :a voltage clamping circuit ( 150 ) being arranged in parallel to the controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) between the disconnector device ( 170 ) and the first internal node ( 105 ) .6 . The circuit breaker of claim 5 ,wherein the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) and the voltage clamping circuit ( 150 ) is arranged between the first internal node ( 105 ) and the disconnector device ( 170 ) .7 . The circuit breaker of claim 5 or 6 , comprising :- a first current path ( 111 ) being arranged between the first terminal ( 101 ) and the second terminal ( 102 ) ,- wherein the disconnector device ( 170 ) and the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) and the voltage clamping circuit ( 150 ) is arranged in series in the first current path ( 111 ) .8 . The circuit breaker of any of the claims 5 or 6 , comprising :a controllable mechanical switch ( 160 ) being arranged in parallel to the controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) and the voltage clamping circuit ( 150 ) .9 . The circuit breaker of claim 8 ,wherein the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) and the voltage clamping circuit ( 150 ) and the controllable mechanical switch ( 160 ) is arranged between the first internal node ( 105 ) and the disconnector device ( 170 ) .10 . The circuit breaker of claim 9 ,- a first current path ( 111 ) being arranged between the first terminal ( 101 ) and the second terminal ( 102 ) ,- wherein the disconnector device ( 170 ) and the parallel connection of the controllable semiconductor switch ( 140 ) and the voltage clamping circuit ( 150 ) and the controllable mechanical switch ( 160 ) are arranged in series in the first current path ( 111 ) .11 . The circuit breaker of claim 7 or 10 , comprising :- a second current path ( 112 ) being arranged between a third terminal ( 103 ) of the circuit breaker at the source side ( 110 ) and a fourth terminal ( 104 ) of the circuit breaker at the load side ( 120 ) ,- a second disconnector device ( 180 ) being arranged in the second current path ( 112 ) ,- wherein the input side ( 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d) of the internal power supply unit ( 130 ) is connected to a third internal node ( 107 ) of the circuit breaker being arranged between the second disconnector device ( 180 ) and the third terminal ( 103 ) ,- wherein the input side ( 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d) of the internal power supply unit ( 130 ) is connected to a fourth internal node ( 108 ) of the circuit breaker being arranged between the second disconnector device ( 180 ) and the fourth terminal ( 104 ) .

12. The circuit breaker of any of the claims 1 to 11, wherein the circuit breaker ( 100) is configured as a solid-state circuit breaker or a hybrid circuit breaker .

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