Arabinoxylan compositions

Abstract

This document describes compositions containing arabinoxylan (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions), methods for making arabinoxylan compositions, and methods for using arabinoxylan compositions. For example, arabinoxylan compositions provided herein can be used as food ingredients, dietary supplements, and / or pharmaceutical compositions.

Description

ARABINOXYLAN COMPOSITIONSCLAIM OF PRIORITYThis application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 710,441, filed on October 22, 2024. The disclosure of the prior application is considered part of, and is incorporated by reference in, the disclosure of this application.TECHNICAL FIELDThis document relates to compositions containing arabinoxylan (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions), methods for making arabinoxylan compositions, and methods for using arabinoxylan compositions. For example, arabinoxylan compositions provided herein can be used as food ingredients, dietary supplements, and / or pharmaceutical compositions.BACKGROUNDFiber can be found in plant-based foods and is a common dietary supplement. Fiber can include prebiotic fiber (sometimes called soluble fiber) and / or insoluble fiber.Prebiotic fiber is a non-digestible part of foods that goes through the small intestine undigested and is fermented when it reaches the colon. The fermentation process can feed beneficial bacteria colonies in the digestive tract and may help to increase the number of desirable bacteria in a digestive system, which may reduce the risk of certain diseases and improve overall health. Non-limiting examples of prebiotic fiber include arabinoxylan, inulin, pectin, alginic acids, raffinose, and xylose.Fiber compositions that are derived from plant sources can be a source of prebiotic fiber. According to the Dietary Guidelines produced by the United States Department of Agriculture, the recommended daily intake of fiber on a 2,000 calorie diet is about 28 g. Fiber compositions also can include naturally occurring sweetening agents or added sweetening agents. Fiber compositions can be used to provide bulk in calorie reduced products, as long chain fibers are not readily digested and pass through the gut. Soluble fiber in the diet can improve digestion by drawing water into the intestines. Fiber compositions also can create a feeling of fullness and prevent bloodglucose and insulin spikes, thereby reducing food cravings and reducing or preventing intake of inappropriate foods or inappropriate amounts of foods.SUMMARYThis document provides arabinoxylan compositions, methods for making arabinoxylan compositions, and methods for using arabinoxylan compositions. For example, this document provides compositions containing predominately arabinoxylan (e.g., containing greater than about 50% (e.g., by dry weight) arabinoxylan) and having a light color (e.g., a light yellow color). In some cases, arabinoxylan compositions provided herein (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be used as, for example, food ingredients, dietary supplements, and / or pharmaceutical compositions having a need or desire for a lighter colored material.In general, one aspect of this document features compositions having about 55% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, where the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 500 Da to about 2500 Da, and where the composition is light yellow in color. A solution consisting of 9 mL of ddfbO and 1 g of the composition at 23 °C, when compared to a brown standard, can result in a dE CMC value from 15 to 38 when the brown standard and a yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value of 0 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value from 38 to 39, where the solution, when compared to the yellow standard, can result in a dE CMC value from 20 to 26 when the brown standard and the yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value from 26 to 27 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value of 0, where the brown standard has an L* value from 54 to 55, an a* value from 32.5 to 33.5, a b* value from 76 to 77, a C* value from 82.5 to 83.5, and an h value from 66 to 67, and where the yellow standard has an L* value from 91.5 to 92.5, an a* value from -14 to -15, ab* value from 85 to 86, a C* value from 86 to 87, and an h value from 99.5 to 100.5. The solution can result in a dE CMC value that is from 15 to 37, from 15 to 36, from 15 to 34, from 15 to 32, from 15 to 31, from 18 to 38, from 20 to 38, from 22 to 38, from 24 to 38, from 26 to 38, from 28 to 38, from 30 to 38, from 24 to 36, from 26 to 34, from 28 to 32, or from 29 to 31 when compared to the brown standard. The solution can result in a dE CMC value that is from 21 to 26, from 22 to 26, from 20 to 25, from 20 to 24, from 20to 23, from 21 to 25, from 21 to 24, from 21 to 23, from 22 to 25, from 22 to 24, or from 22 to 23, when compared to the yellow standard. The brown standard can be Brown Chefmaster 5425, and the yellow standard is Yellow Chefinaster 5490. The composition can include from about 0.5% to about 1.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, polypeptide, and ash. The composition can include from about 3% to about 8% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. The arabinoxylan can include about 1% to about 6% by dry weight of arabinose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 75% to about 90% by dry weight of xylose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units. The arabinoxylan can include less than about 3% by dry weight of mannose units. The arabinoxylan can include arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the arabinose units and xylose units can be about 0.03 to about 0.3. The arabinoxylan can include glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the glucose units and xylose units can be about 0.03 to about 0.4. The composition can include less than about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan. The composition can include about 0% to about 4% by dry weight of polypeptide. The composition can include about 0% to about 3% by dry weight of ash. The composition can include about 55% to about 85% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition can include about 60% to about 80% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The arabinoxylan can have a Mwof about 800 Da to about 1400 Da. The arabinoxylan can have a Mwof about 1000 Da to about 1200 Da.In another aspect, this document features food products comprising a composition having about 55% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, where the arabinoxylan has a Mwof about 500 Da to about 2500 Da, and where the composition is light yellow in color. A solution consisting of 9 mL of ddtfrO and 1 g of the composition at 23 °C, when compared to a brown standard, can result in a dE CMC value from 15 to 38 when the brown standard and a yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value of 0 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value from 38 to 39, where the solution, when compared to the yellow standard, can result in a dE CMC value from 20 to 26 when the brown standard and the yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value from 26 to 27 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value of 0, where the brown standard has an L*value from 54 to 55, an a* value from 32.5 to 33.5, a b* value from 76 to 77, a C* value from 82.5 to 83.5, and an h value from 66 to 67, and where the yellow standard has an L* value from 91.5 to 92.5, an a* value from -14 to -15, ab* value from 85 to 86, a C* value from 86 to 87, and an h value from 99.5 to 100.5. The solution can result in a dE CMC value that is from 15 to 37, from 15 to 36, from 15 to 34, from 15 to 32, from 15 to 31, from 18 to 38, from 20 to 38, from 22 to 38, from 24 to 38, from 26 to 38, from 28 to 38, from 30 to 38, from 24 to 36, from 26 to 34, from 28 to 32, or from 29 to 31 when compared to the brown standard. The solution can result in a dE CMC value that is from 21 to 26, from 22 to 26, from 20 to 25, from 20 to 24, from 20 to 23, from 21 to 25, from 21 to 24, from 21 to 23, from 22 to 25, from 22 to 24, or from 22 to 23, when compared to the yellow standard. The brown standard can be Brown Chefmaster 5425, and the yellow standard is Yellow Chefrnaster 5490. The composition can include from about 0.5% to about 1.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, polypeptide, and ash. The composition can include from about 3% to about 8% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. The arabinoxylan can include about 1% to about 6% by dry weight of arabinose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 75% to about 90% by dry weight of xylose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units. The arabinoxylan can include less than about 3% by dry weight of mannose units. The arabinoxylan can include arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the arabinose units and xylose units can be about 0.03 to about 0.3. The arabinoxylan can include glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the glucose units and xylose units can be about 0.03 to about 0.4. The composition can include less than about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan. The composition can include about 0% to about 4% by dry weight of polypeptide. The composition can include about 0% to about 3% by dry weight of ash. The composition can include about 55% to about 85% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition can include about 60% to about 80% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The arabinoxylan can have a Mwof about 800 Da to about 1400 Da. The arabinoxylan can have a Mwof about 1000 Da to about 1200 Da.In another aspect, this document features dietary supplements comprising a composition having about 55% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, where thearabinoxylan has a Mwof about 500 Da to about 2500 Da, and where the composition is light yellow in color. A solution consisting of 9 mL of ddffO and 1 g of the composition at 23 °C, when compared to a brown standard, can result in a dE CMC value from 15 to 38 when the brown standard and a yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value of 0 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value from 38 to 39, where the solution, when compared to the yellow standard, can result in a dE CMC value from 20 to 26 when the brown standard and the yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value from 26 to 27 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value of 0, where the brown standard has an L* value from 54 to 55, an a* value from 32.5 to 33.5, a b* value from 76 to 77, a C* value from 82.5 to 83.5, and an h value from 66 to 67, and where the yellow standard has an L* value from 91.5 to 92.5, an a* value from -14 to -15, ab* value from 85 to 86, a C* value from 86 to 87, and an h value from 99.5 to 100.5. The solution can result in a dE CMC value that is from 15 to 37, from 15 to 36, from 15 to 34, from 15 to 32, from 15 to 31, from 18 to 38, from 20 to 38, from 22 to 38, from 24 to 38, from 26 to 38, from 28 to 38, from 30 to 38, from 24 to 36, from 26 to 34, from 28 to 32, or from 29 to 31 when compared to the brown standard. The solution can result in a dE CMC value that is from 21 to 26, from 22 to 26, from 20 to 25, from 20 to 24, from 20 to 23, from 21 to 25, from 21 to 24, from 21 to 23, from 22 to 25, from 22 to 24, or from 22 to 23, when compared to the yellow standard. The brown standard can be Brown Chefmaster 5425, and the yellow standard is Yellow Chefrnaster 5490. The composition can include from about 0.5% to about 1.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, polypeptide, and ash. The composition can include from about 3% to about 8% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. The arabinoxylan can include about 1% to about 6% by dry weight of arabinose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 75% to about 90% by dry weight of xylose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units. The arabinoxylan can include less than about 3% by dry weight of mannose units. The arabinoxylan can include arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the arabinose units and xylose units can be about 0.03 to about 0.3. The arabinoxylan can include glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the glucose units and xylose units can be about 0.03 to about 0.4. Thecomposition can include less than about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan. The composition can include about 0% to about 4% by dry weight of polypeptide. The composition can include about 0% to about 3% by dry weight of ash. The composition can include about 55% to about 85% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition can include about 60% to about 80% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The arabinoxylan can have a Mwof about 800 Da to about 1400 Da. The arabinoxylan can have a Mwof about 1000 Da to about 1200 Da.In another aspect, this document features pharmaceutical compositions comprising a composition having about 55% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, where the arabinoxylan has a Mwof about 500 Da to about 2500 Da, and where the composition is light yellow in color. A solution consisting of 9 mL of ddtCO and 1 g of the composition at 23°C, when compared to a brown standard, can result in a dE CMC value from 15 to 38 when the brown standard and a yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value of 0 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value from 38 to 39, where the solution, when compared to the yellow standard, can result in a dE CMC value from 20 to 26 when the brown standard and the yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value from 26 to 27 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value of 0, where the brown standard has an L* value from 54 to 55, an a* value from 32.5 to 33.5, ab* value from 76 to 77, a C* value from 82.5 to 83.5, and an h value from 66 to 67, and where the yellow standard has an L* value from 91.5 to 92.5, an a* value from -14 to -15, a b* value from 85 to 86, a C* value from 86 to 87, and an h value from 99.5 to 100.5. The solution can result in a dE CMC value that is from 15 to 37, from 15 to 36, from 15 to 34, from 15 to 32, from 15 to 31, from 18 to 38, from 20 to 38, from 22 to 38, from 24 to 38, from 26 to 38, from 28 to 38, from 30 to 38, from 24 to 36, from 26 to 34, from 28 to 32, or from 29 to 31 when compared to the brown standard. The solution can result in a dE CMC value that is from 21 to 26, from 22 to 26, from 20 to 25, from 20 to 24, from 20 to 23, from 21 to 25, from 21 to 24, from 21 to 23, from 22 to 25, from 22 to 24, or from 22 to 23, when compared to the yellow standard. The brown standard can be Brown Chefrnaster 5425, and the yellow standard is Yellow Chefmaster 5490. The composition can include from about 0.5% to about 1.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, polypeptide, and ash. The composition can include from about 3% to about 8% by dry weight of one ormore polyphenols. The arabinoxylan can include about 1% to about 6% by dry weight of arabinose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 75% to about 90% by dry weight of xylose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units. The arabinoxylan can include about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units. The arabinoxylan can include less than about 3% by dry weight of mannose units. The arabinoxylan can include arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the arabinose units and xylose units can be about 0.03 to about 0.3. The arabinoxylan can include glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the glucose units and xylose units can be about 0.03 to about 0.4. The composition can include less than about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan. The composition can include about 0% to about 4% by dry weight of polypeptide. The composition can include about 0% to about 3% by dry weight of ash. The composition can include about 55% to about 85% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition can include about 60% to about 80% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The arabinoxylan can have a Mwof about 800 Da to about 1400 Da. The arabinoxylan can have a Mwof about 1000 Da to about 1200 Da.Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used to practice the invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThis document provides arabinoxylan compositions, methods for making arabinoxylan compositions, and methods for using arabinoxylan compositions as, for example, food ingredients, dietary supplements, and / or pharmaceutical compositions.In some cases, this document provides arabinoxylan compositions containing greater than about 50% (e.g., by dry weight) arabinoxylan and having a light color (e.g., a light yellow color). In some cases, this document provides methods for using arabinoxylan compositions provided herein (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color). For example, arabinoxylan compositions provided herein (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be used as food ingredients, dietary supplements, and / or pharmaceutical compositions.Arabinoxylan is a copolymer found in many plants that contain arabinose and xylose. Typically, arabinoxylan contains a xylose backbone (e.g., a chain of 1,4-linked xylose units) having one or more arabinose units linked (e.g., covalently linked) to the xylose backbone.Arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have any appropriate chain length. For example, arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a chain length of from about 3 degrees of polymerization (dp) to about 35 dp (e.g., from about 3 dp to about 30 dp, from about 3 dp to about 25 dp, from about 3 dp to about 20 dp, from about 3 dp to about 15 dp, from about 3 dp to about 10 dp, from about 3 dp to about 5 dp, from about 5 dp to about 35 dp, from about 10 dp to about 35 dp, from about 15 dp to about 35 dp, from about 20 dp to about 35 dp, from about 25 dp to about 35 dp, from about 30 dp to about 35 dp, from about 5 dp to about 30 dp, from about 10 dp to about 25 dp, from about 15 dp to about 20 dp, from about 5 dp to about 15 dp, from about 10 dp to about 20 dp, from about 15 dp to about 25 dp, or from about 20 dp to about 30 dp). In some cases, from about 50% to about 60% of the arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a chain length of from about 3 dp to about 10 dp, about 20% to about 30% of the arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a chain length of from about 10 dp to about 20 dp, and about 15% to about 20% of the arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a chain length of from about 20 dp to about 35 dp.Arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can have any appropriate molecular weight (Mw). In some cases,arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a molecular weight of from about 500 daltons (Da) to about 2500 Da (e.g., from about 500 Da to about 2200 Da, from about 500 Da to about 2000 Da, from about 500 Da to about 1800 Da, from about 500 Da to about 1500 Da, from about 500 Da to about 1200 Da, from about 500 Da to about 1000 Da, from about 500 Da to about 800 Da, from about 700 Da to about 2500 Da, from about 1000 Da to about 2500 Da, from about 1200 Da to about 2500 Da, from about 1500 Da to about 2500 Da, from about 1700 Da to about 2500 Da, from about 2000 Da to about 2500 Da, from about 2200 Da to about 2500 Da, from about 700 Da to about 2200 Da, from about 800 Da to about 2000 Da, from about 1000 Da to about 1800 Da, from about 1200 Da to about 1500 Da, from about 700 Da to about 1000 Da, from about 1000 Da to about 1500 Da, from about 1500 Da to about 2000 Da, from about 800 Da to about 1400 Da, or from about 1000 Da to about 1200 Da). A molecular weight can be determined by any appropriate method. For example, a molecular weight can be determined using size exclusion (sometimes also called gel permeation) chromatography (SEC).Arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can have any appropriate amount of arabinose. In some cases, arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 5% to about 40% (e.g., by dry weight) of arabinose units (e.g., from about 5% to about 35%, from about 5% to about 30%, from about 5% to about 25%, from about 5% to about 20%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 15% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 25% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 35% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 35%, from about 15% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 25%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 15%to about 25%, from about 20% to about 30%, or from about 25% to about 25% of arabinose units).Arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can have any appropriate amount of xylose. In some cases, arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 60% to about 95% (e.g., by dry weight) of xylose units (e.g., from about 60% to about 90%,from about 60% to about 85%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 60% to about 75%, from about 60% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 65%, from about 65% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 80% to about 95%, from about 85% to about 95%, from about 90% to about 95%, from about 65% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 65% to about 75%, from about 70% to about 80%, from about 75% to about 85%, or from about 80% to about 90% of xylose units).In some cases, arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) also can contain one or more additional sugar units. For example, arabinoxylan also can contain glucose, galactose, and / or mannose.When arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes glucose, the glucose can be present in any appropriate amount. In some cases, arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 8% to about 15% (e.g., by dry weight) of glucose units (e.g., from about 8% to about 12%, from about 8% to about 10%, from about 10% to about 15%, from about 12% to about 15%, or from about 10% to about 12% of glucose units).When arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes galactose, the galactose can be present in any appropriate amount. In some cases, arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 2% to about 6% (e.g., by dry weight) of galactose units (e.g., from about 2% to about 5%, from about 2% to about 4%, from about 3% to about 6%, from about 4% to about 6%, or from about 3% to about 5% of galactose units).When arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes mannose, the mannose can be present in any appropriate amount. In some cases, arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include less than about 3% by dry weight of mannose units.When arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes arabinose units and xylose units, the arabinose units and xylose units can be present in any appropriate ratio (e.g., any appropriate molar ratio). For example, arabinose units and xylose units present in arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a molar ratio of from about 0.03 to about 0.3 (e.g., from about 0.03 to about 0.1, from about 0.03 to about 0.07, from about 0.03 to about 0.05, from about 0.05 to about 0.3, from about 0.08 to about 0.3, from about 0.1 to about 0.3, from about 0.05 to about 0.2, from about 0.08 to about 0.1, from about 0.05 to about 0.1, or from about 0.08 to about 0.2).When arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes glucose units and xylose units, the glucose units and xylose units can be present in any appropriate ratio (e.g., any appropriate molar ratio). For example, glucose units and xylose units present in arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a molar ratio of from about 0.03 to about 0.4 (e.g., from about 0.03 to about 0.2, from about 0.03 to about 0.08, from about 0.03 to about 0.05, from about 0.05 to about 0.4, from about 0.08 to about 0.4, from about 0.2 to about 0.4, from about 0.05 to about 0.2, from about 0.08 to about 0.1, from about 0.05 to about 0.1, or from about 0.08 to about 0.2).Arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can have any appropriate bulk density. In some cases, arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a bulk density of from about 0.3 grams per cubic centimeter (g / cc) to about 0.5 g / cc.An arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can have any appropriate light color. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be clear (e.g., can be colorless). In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be translucent. For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a yellow tint (e.g., can be light yellow in color).In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a color (e.g., a light yellow color) such that a solution consisting of 9 mb of ddFFO and 1 g ofthe arabinoxylan composition at 23 °C, (a) when compared to a brown standard, results in a dE CMC value from 15 to 38 (e.g., from about 15 to about 37, from about 15 to about 36, from about 15 to about 34, from about 15 to about 32, from about 15 to about 31, from about 18 to about 38, from about 20 to about 38, from about 22 to about 38, from about 24 to about 38, from about 26 to about 38, from about 28 to about 38, from about 30 to about 38, from about 24 to about 36, from about 26 to about 34, from about 28 to about 32, or from about 29 to about 31) when the brown standard and a yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value of 0 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value from 38 to 39, and (b) when compared to the yellow standard, results in a dE CMC value from 20 to 26 (e.g., from about 21 to about 26, from about 22 to about 26, from about 20 to about 25, from about 20 to about 24, from about 20 to about 23, from about 21 to about 25, from about 21 to about 24, from about 21 to about 23, from about 22 to about 25, from about 22 to about 24, or from about 22 to about 23) when the brown standard and the yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value from 26 to 27 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value of 0 as determined using ASTM D2244-15 (see, e.g., ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015;DOI: 10.1520 / D2244-15; see also, Example 2). In such cases, the brown standard is to have an L* value from 54 to 55, an a* value from 32.5 to 33.5, a b* value from 76 to 77, a C* value from 82.5 to 83.5, and an h value from 66 to 67, and the yellow standard is to have an L* value from 91.5 to 92.5, an a* value from -14 to -15, a b* value from 85 to 86, a C* value from 86 to 87, and an h value from 99.5 to 100.5. An example of such a brown standard is Brown Chefrnaster 5425, and an example of such a yellow standard is Yellow Chefmaster 5490.In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a color (e.g., a light yellow color) such that a solution consisting of 9 mb of ddtCO and 1 g of the arabinoxylan composition at 23 °C, (a) when compared to a brown standard, results in a dE CMC value from 15 to 38 (e.g., from about 15 to about 37, from about 15 to about 36, from about 15 to about 34, from about 15 to about 32, from about 15 to about 31, from about 18 to about 38, from about 20 to about 38, from about 22 to about 38, from about 24 to about 38, from about 26 to about 38, from about 28 to about 38, from about 30 to about 38, from about 24 to about 36, from about 26 to about 34, from about 28 to about 32, or from about 29 to about 31) when the brownstandard and a yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value of 0 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value from 38 to 39, and (b) when compared to the yellow standard, results in a dE CMC value from 20 to 26 (e.g., from about 21 to about 26, from about 22 to about 26, from about 20 to about 25, from about 20 to about 24, from about 20 to about 23, from about 21 to about 25, from about 21 to about 24, from about 21 to about 23, from about 22 to about 25, from about 22 to about 24, or from about 22 to about 23) when the brown standard and the yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value from 26 to 27 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value of 0 as determined using ASTM D2244-15 (see, e.g., ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015;DOI: 10.1520 / D2244-15; see also, Example 2), where the arabinoxylan composition was not bleached or otherwise treated to alter the color of arabinoxylan composition. In such cases, the brown standard is to have an L* value from 54 to 55, an a* value from 32.5 to 33.5, ab* value from 76 to 77, a C* value from 82.5 to 83.5, and an h value from 66 to 67, and the yellow standard is to have an L* value from 91.5 to 92.5, an a* value from -14 to -15, a b* value from 85 to 86, a C* value from 86 to 87, and an h value from 99.5 to 100.5. An example of such a brown standard is Brown Chefmaster 5425, and an example of such a yellow standard is Yellow Chefmaster 5490.An arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can have any appropriate flavor. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be flavorless. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a wheat flavor. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a bitter flavor. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can have a sweet flavor.An arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can have any appropriate viscosity (e.g., when 1 gram of the arabinoxylan composition is dissolved in 10 mb of ddEEO). In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein when 1 gram of the arabinoxylan composition is dissolved in 10 mb of ddEEO can have a viscosity of from about 5 millipascal second (mPa s) to about 20 mPa s (e.g., from about 5 mPa s to about 15 mPa s, from about 5 mPa s to about 10mPa s, from about 10 mPa- s to about 20 mPa s, from about 15 mPa s to about 20 mPa s, from about 8 mPa s to about 17 mPa s, from about 10 mPa- s to about 15 mPa s, from about 7 mPa s to about 12 mPa s, from about 10 mPa s to about 15 mPa s, or from about 12 mPa- s to about 17 mPa s).An arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can include any appropriate amount of arabinoxylan. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include greater than about 50% (e.g., by dry weight) arabinoxylan. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 50% to about 99% (e.g., by dry weight) arabinoxylan (e.g.,from about 50% to about 95%, from about 50% to about 90%, from about 50% to about 85%, from about 50% to about 80%, from about 50% to about 75%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 50% to about 65%, from about 50% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 55%, from about 55% to about 99%, from about 60% to about 99%, from about 65% to about 99%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 99%, from about 85% to about 99%, from about 90% to about 99%, from about 95% to about 99%, from about 55% to about 95%, from about 60% to about 90%, from about 65% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 80%, from about 60% to about 70%, from about 70% to about 80%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 55% to about 85%, or from about 60% to about 80% arabinoxylan).In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can include one or more additional components. For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include one or more additional sugars (e.g., one or more sugars other than arabinoxylan), one or more degradation products, one or more polypeptides, one or more polyphenols, ash, pectins, and / or uronic acids.When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes one or more additional sugars (e.g., one or more sugars other than arabinoxylan), the composition can include any appropriate one or more additional sugars. In some cases, an additional sugar (e.g., a sugar other than arabinoxylan) present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be a sugar monomer (e.g.,a free sugar monomer). In some cases, an additional sugar (e.g., a sugar other than arabinoxylan) present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be a carbohydrate polymer (e.g., an oligosaccharide or a polysaccharide). Examples of additional sugars (e.g., sugars other than arabinoxylan) that can be present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein include, without limitation, xylotriose, xylobiose, glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, cellulose (e.g., cellulose oligomers such as cellobiose and cellotriose), amylose, amylopectin, glucuronoxylan, glucuronoarabinoxylan, glucomannan, starches, and beta glucans.When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes one or more additional sugars (e.g., one or more sugars other than arabinoxylan), the composition can include any appropriate amount of the one or more additional sugars. For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 0% to about 20% (e.g., by dry weight) one or more additional sugar monomers (e.g., from about 0% to about 15%, from about 0% to about 10%, from about 0% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 15% to about 20%, or from about 5% to about 15% one or more additional sugar monomers). For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 50% to about 55% (e.g., by dry weight) one or more additional oligosaccharides. For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 10% to about 45% (e.g., by dry weight) one or more additional polysaccharides (e.g., from about 10% to about 35%, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10% to about 15%, from about 20% to about 45%, from about 30% to about 45%, from about 40% to about 45%, from about 15% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 35%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 25% to about 35%, or from about 30% to about 40% one or more additional polysaccharides).When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes one or more degradation products, the composition can include any appropriate one or more degradation products. Examples of degradation products that can be present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein include, without limitation, glycolic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, 5hmf, and furfural.In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can lack one or more degradation products. Examples of degradation products that can be absent from an arabinoxylan composition provided herein include, without limitation, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, levulinic, and acrylamide.When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes one or more polypeptides, the composition can include any appropriate polypeptide(s). In some cases, polypeptides that are naturally present in a lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., wheat straw material) used to generate arabinoxylan can be present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein. In some cases, polypeptides derived from (e.g., polypeptide fragments) polypeptides that are naturally present in a lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., wheat straw material) used to generate arabinoxylan can be present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein.When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes one or more polypeptides, the composition can include any appropriate amount of the polypeptide(s) (e.g., can have any appropriate polypeptide content). For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 0% to about 4% (e.g., by dry weight) one or more polypeptides.When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes one or more polyphenols, the composition can include any appropriate polyphenol(s). In some cases, a polyphenol can be a part of a polyphenol (e.g., can be a polyphenol unit). In some cases, a polyphenol (or polyphenol unit) can be covalently attached to arabinoxylan present in the composition provided herein. In some cases, a polyphenol (of polyphenol unit) can be covalently attached to one or more additional sugars (e.g., one or more sugars other than arabinoxylan) present in the composition provided herein. In some cases, a polyphenol (or polyphenol unit) can be a free polyphenol. Examples of polyphenols that can be present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein include, without limitation, ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, rosemarinic acid,vanillin, protocatechuic acid, 2, 5 -dihydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and salicylic acid.When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes one or more polyphenols, the composition can include any appropriate amount of the polyphenol (s). For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 3% to about 8% (e.g., by dry weight) one or more polyphenols (e.g., from about 3% to about 5% or from about 5% to about 8% one or more polyphenols).When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) includes ash, the composition can include any appropriate type of ash. In some cases, ash the composition provided herein can be plant-based ash. In some cases, ash the composition provided herein can include one or more of calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and silica.When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) herein includes ash, the composition can include any appropriate amount of ash. For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can include from about 0% to about 3% (e.g., by dry weight) ash.In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can include (e.g., can be designed to include) little, if any, amounts of one or more particular components. For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be designed to lack one or more particular components that may be present within a starting material used to produce the composition (e.g., a lignocellulosic material such as wheat straw). In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be designed to include little, if any, of one or more particular components to provide the compositions with an improved odor or smell, improved or desirable visual appearance or color, and / or improved tastes or flavors as compared to the starting material. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be designed to include little, if any, of one or more particular components found in common sweeteners such as com syrups.In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can include (e.g., can be designed to include) (a) from about 55% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 99% (e.g., by dry weight) arabinoxylan having a molecular weight of from about 500 Da to about 2500 Da, (b) from about 0.5% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 1.5% (e.g., by dry weight) of one or more carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, one or more polypeptides, and ash, (c) and from about 3% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 6% (e.g., by dry weight) one or more polyphenols, where the arabinoxylan in the composition includes from about 1% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 6% (e.g., by dry weight) arabinose, from about 75% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 90% (e.g., by dry weight) xylose, from about 8% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 15% (e.g., by dry weight) glucose, from about 2% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 6% (e.g., by dry weight) galactose, and less than about 3% (e.g., by dry weight) mannose.In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can include (e.g., can be designed to include) from about 62% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 77% (e.g., by dry weight) arabinoxylan having a molecular weight of from about 500 Da to about 2500 Da, about 1% (e.g., by dry weight) one or more carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan (e.g., about 1% (e.g., by dry weight) one or more sugar monomers), and from about 5% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 6% (e.g., by dry weight) one or more polyphenols, where the arabinoxylan in the composition includes from about 3% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 4% (e.g., by dry weight) arabinose, from about 80% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 82% (e.g., by dry weight) xylose, about 12% (e.g., by dry weight) glucose, from about 4% (e.g., by dry weight) to about 5% (e.g., by dry weight) galactose, and about 2% (e.g., by dry weight) mannose.An arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be in any appropriate form. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be in a solid form (e.g., crystals, tablets, capsules, pills, powders, and granules). In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be in aliquid form (e.g., a syrup). In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be in a gel form.Any appropriate method can be used to obtain arabinoxylan for use in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color). In some cases, lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., wheat straw material) can be processed to generate a product containing arabinoxylan. Lignocellulosic biomass can include plant material that is not typically considered suitable for direct human digestion, such as hard or soft wood, plant stems, and stalks. Sources of lignocellulosic biomass that can be used to make arabinoxylan include, without limitation, straw (e.g., wheat straw), bran, com stover, sugarcane bagasse, hardwoods, softwoods, com fiber, hulls (e.g., oat hulls, pea hulls, and soybean hulls), spent grains (e.g., spent grains remaining after brewing and spent grains remaining after distilling), brans (e.g., wheat brans), and combinations thereof. In some cases, the lignocellulosic biomass can be obtained as a by-product (e.g., waste biomass) of another industry, such as agriculture, forestry, and energy crops. In some cases, arabinoxylan present in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass by extracting hemicellulose from the lignocellulosic biomass, rendering the crude arabinoxylan present in the hemicellulose water soluble, extracting the water-soluble portion, and isolating arabinoxylan from the water-soluble portion. Extracting hemicellulose from a lignocellulosic biomass can be accomplished by any appropriate method. In some cases, a method described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 0119188 or International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2016 / 161515, can be used to extract hemicellulose from a lignocellulosic biomass. Rendering cmde arabinoxylan present in the hemicellulose water soluble can be accomplished by any appropriate method. In some cases, a lignocellulosic biomass can be combined with water, the lignocellulosic biomass can be activated (e.g., using a combination of moisture, heat, and pressure) to render crude arabinoxylan present in the hemicellulose water soluble, and the activated lignocellulosic biomass can be washed to extract the water-soluble arabinoxylan. In some cases, water-soluble arabinoxylan can be separated from a washed lignocellulosic biomass by filtration (e.g., vacuum filtration). In some cases, arabinoxylan can be obtained from a lignocellulosic biomass as described elsewhere(see, e.g., International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2020 / 22997 at, for example, paragraphs

[0060] -

[0085] and Figure 1).In some cases, the methods described herein for obtaining arabinoxylan for use in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be used to obtain large volumes of arabinoxylan. For example, the methods described herein for obtaining arabinoxylan for use in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be used to produce arabinoxylan in amounts of about 20 kg of arabinoxylan per container (e.g., bag). For example, the methods described herein for obtaining arabinoxylan for use in an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be used to obtain greater than 1 ton of arabinoxylan in a day (e.g., in a 24-hour period).In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be produced by combining wheat straw with water, activating the wheat straw with steam to render crude arabinoxylan present in the hemicellulose water soluble, extracting a crude hemicellulose solution, fdtering this hemicellulose solution using a series of membrane filtration steps, collecting the filtration permeate from one or more filtration steps that are below 5000 Da, performing ion exchange and / or activated carbon treatment on the permeate, and concentrating the resulting liquid stream to a syrup or powder.An arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be formulated for any appropriate use. For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be formulated for use as a food ingredient (e.g., a solid food ingredient or a beverage ingredient), a dietary supplement, a pharmaceutical composition, a cosmetic ingredient, and a fermentation ingredient.In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be (e.g., can be formulated for use as) a food ingredient. For example, this document provides food ingredients containing an arabinoxylan composition provided herein. Examples of food ingredients that can include an arabinoxylan composition provided herein include, without limitation, sweeteners, fiber additives, preservatives, and emulsifiers.In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be (e.g., can be designed to be) a sweetener. A sweetener composition can be any appropriate sweetener composition that is formulated to include an arabinoxylan composition provided herein. In some cases, a sweetener composition provided herein can be a reduced-calorie sweetener composition. In some cases, a sweetener composition provided herein (e.g., a sweetener composition including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) can be a reduced glycemic-index sweetener composition.In some cases, a sweetener composition provided herein (e.g., a sweetener composition including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) can have a dextrose equivalent (DE) of from about 0 to about 30 (e.g., from about 0 to about 25, from about 0 to about 20, from about 0 to about 15, from about 0 to about 10, from about 0 to about 5, from about 5 to about 30, from about 10 to about 30, from about 15 to about 30, from about 20 to about 30, from about 25 to about 30, from about 5 to about 25, from about 10 to about 20, from about 5 to about 15, from about 10 to about 20, or from about 15 to about 25). Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that a sweetener composition provided herein with a DE that is within about 10 percent as a commercially available sweetener may be substituted in approximately equal volume (or within about 10 percent) for the commercially available sweetener. In some embodiments, a sweetener composition provided herein can have a glycemic index (GI) of from about 5 to about 50 (e.g., from about 5 to about 40, from about 5 to about 30, from about 5 to about 20, from about 5 to about 10, from about 15 to about 50, from about 25 to about 50, from about 35 to about 50, from about 45 to about 50, from about 10 to about 45, from about 20 to about 35, from about 10 to about 20, from about 15 to about 25, from about 20 to about 30, from about 25 to about 35, from about 30 to about 40, or from about 35 to about 45). The glycemic index of glucose (e.g., dextrose) is typically reported to be 100. The glycemic index of sucrose is typically reported to be 65. Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that sweeteners with lower GI values can aid in management of blood sugar and insulin levels and / or be useful in controlling appetite and weight loss. In some embodiments, a sweetener composition provided herein can have a calorie content of about 2 calories per gram (cal / g) to about 4 cal / g of the sweetener composition.Sweetener properties described can be measured using any appropriate method. For example, a glycemic index (GI) can be measured as described in Magaletta et al., Cereal Chemistry 87(4):363-369 (2010). For example, in some embodiments, a DE can be measured using Lane-Eynon titration. In some embodiments, a DE can be determined using osmometry.In some cases, a sweetener composition provided herein (e.g., a sweetener composition including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) also can include one or more traditional sweeteners. Examples of traditional sweeteners that can be included in a sweetener composition provided herein include, without limitation, com syrup, sucrose (sugar), glucose, fructose, sorbitol, mannitol, high fructose com syrup, saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, and stevia.Combining one or more compositions or items as described herein can include any appropriate steps. For example, combining two or more materials can include mixing, blending, agitating, dissolving, emulsifying, or a combination thereof. In some cases, dry glucose and a dry composition provided herein can be mixed together, and, optionally, water can be added to form a syrup (e.g., at about 70% to about 80% dry matter). In some cases, a dry composition provided herein can be added to a glucose symp (e.g., by mixing, blending, dissolving, or a combination thereof). In some cases, dry glucose can be added to an arabinoxylan composition provided herein in the form of a symp (e.g., by mixing, blending, dissolving, or a combination thereof). In some cases, a glucose symp can be combined (e.g., by mixing or blending) with an arabinoxylan composition provided herein in the form of a symp.In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be (e.g., can be designed to be) a fiber additive. A fiber additive can be any appropriate fiber additive that is formulated to include an arabinoxylan composition provided herein. In some cases, a fiber additive provided herein can be a prebiotic (e.g., soluble) fiber additive composition. In some cases, a fiber additive provided herein can be an insoluble fiber additive.In some cases, a fiber additive composition provided herein (e.g., a fiber additive composition including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) can have a from about 1 g to about 15 g of fiber (e.g., soluble fiber) per serving (e.g., from about 1 g to about 12 g, from about 1 g to about 10 g, from about 1 g to about 8 g,from about 1 g to about 5 g, from about 3 g to about 15 g, from about 5 g to about 15 g, from about 8 g to about 15 g, from about 10 g to about 15 g, from about 12 g to about 15 g, from about 3 g to about 12 g, from about 5 g to about 10 g, from about 3 g to about 8 g, or from about 5 g to about 12 g of fiber (e.g., soluble fiber) per serving).Fiber additive properties described can be measured using any appropriate method. For example, soluble fiber can be measured by AOAC Official Methods of Analysis 2011.25.When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) is used as a food ingredient, the food ingredient can be included in (e.g., can be used to produce) any appropriate food product. For example, this document provides food products including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein. In some cases, a food product can be a food (e.g., a solid food). For example, a food product can be a baked food. In some cases, a food product can be a beverage (e.g., liquid beverages and powders that can be reconstituted into liquid beverages). For example, a food product can be a ready-to-drink (RTD) beverage. For example, a food product can be a powdered beverage mix. Examples of food products that can include an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) include, without limitation, breads (e.g., leavened breads such as loaf breads, pizza doughs, and gluten-free breads, and unleavened breads such as crackers), cookies (e.g., sugar cookies, molasses cookies, and chocolate chip cookies), cakes (e.g., cupcakes), muffins, brownies, fruit snacks and other gummy confections (e.g., gelatin gummies and pectin gummies), chocolates (e.g., milk chocolates, dark chocolates, and white chocolates), frostings, bars (e.g., cereal bars and raw bars), granolas (e.g., loose granolas and granola bars such as chewy granola bars), yogurts, juices (e.g., fruit juices), carbonated beverages (e.g., sodas), energy drinks, coffees, espresso drinks (e.g., cafe lattes such as caramel lattes and mocha lattes), milks (e.g., dairy milks and non-dairy milks (e.g., plant milks) such as pea protein milks and almond milks), lemonades, teas, protein shakes, and condiments (e.g., salad dressings). In some cases, a food product provided herein can fall under a definition of a food by a regulatory agency (e.g., the United States Food and Drug Administration) under an appropriate statute (e.g., 21 U.S.C. § 321).When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) is used as a food ingredient, the composition provided herein can be present in the food product in any appropriate amount. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be present in a food product at from about 0.1 % to about 99% (e.g., by dry weight) (e.g., from about 0.1% to about 95%, from about 0.1% to about 90%, from about 0.1% to about 85%, from about 0.1% to about 80%, from about 0.1% to about 75%, from about 0.1% to about 70%, from about 0.1% to about 65%, from about 0.1% to about 60%, from about 0.1% to about 55%, from about 0.1% to about 50%, from about 0.1% to about 45%, from about 0.1% to about 40%, from about 0.1% to about 35%, from about 0.1% to about 30%, from about 0.1% to about 25%, from about 0.1% to about 20%, from about 0.1% to about 15%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.1% to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 99%, from about 5% to about 99%, from about 10% to about 99%, from about 15% to about 99%, from about 20% to about 99%, from about 25% to about 99%, from about 30% to about 99%, from about 35% to about 99%, from about 40% to about 99%, from about 45% to about 99%, from about 50% to about 99%, from about 55% to about 99%, from about 60% to about 99%, from about 65% to about 99%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 99%, from about 85% to about 99%, from about 90% to about 99%, from about 95% to about 99%, from about 1% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 40% to about 50%, from about 1% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 80%, or from about 70% to about 90%). In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be present in a food product at from about 1 g to about 15 g (e.g., per serving) (e.g., from about 1 g to about 12 g, from about 1 g to about 10 g, from about 1 g to about 8 g, from about 1 g to about 5 g, from about 1 g to about 3 g, from about 3 g to about 15 g, from about 5 g to about 15 g, from about 8 g to about 15 g, from about 10 g to about 15 g, from about 12 g to about 15 g, from about 3 g to about 12 g, from about 5 g to about 10 g, from about 3 g to about 8 g, or from about 5 g to about 12 g (e.g., per serving)). It will be appreciated that the particular amount of an arabinoxylan composition provided herein(e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) present in a food product can be (e.g., can be selected to be) suitable for the particular food product.In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be (e.g., can be formulated for use as) a dietary supplement. For example, this document provides dietary supplements including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein. A dietary supplement can be any appropriate dietary supplement that is formulated to include an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition provided herein). In some cases, a dietary supplement provided herein can be a fiber supplement. In some cases, a dietary supplement provided herein can be a prebiotic fiber supplement. In some cases, a dietary supplement provided herein also can include one or more agents typically used as a dietary supplement. Examples of agents typically used as a dietary supplement that can be included in a dietary supplement provided herein (e.g., a dietary supplement including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) include, without limitation, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, nutraceuticals, polyphenols, and plant extracts. In some cases, a dietary supplement provided herein can fall under a definition of a dietary supplement by a regulatory agency (e.g., the United States Food and Drug Administration) under an appropriate statute (e.g., 21 U.S.C. § 321).When an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) is used as a dietary supplement, the composition provided herein can be present in the dietary supplement in any appropriate amount. In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be present in a dietary supplement at from about 1% to about 99% (e.g., by dry weight) (e.g., from about 1% to about 95%, from about 1% to about 90%, from about 1% to about 85%, from about 1% to about 80%, from about 1% to about 75%, from about l%to about 50%, from about 1% to about 65%, from about 1% to about 60%, from about 1% to about 55%, from about 1% to about 50%, from about l%to about 45%, from about l%to about 40%, from about l%to about 35%, from about 1% to about 30%, from about l%to about 25%, from about l%to about 20%, from about 1% to about 15%, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 99%, from about 10% to about 99%, from about 15% to about 99%, from about 20% to about 99%, from about 25% to about99%, from about 30% to about 99%, from about 35% to about 99%, from about 40% to about 99%, from about 45% to about 99%, from about 50% to about 99%, from about 55% to about 99%, from about 60% to about 99%, from about 65% to about 99%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 99%, from about 85% to about 99%, from about 90% to about 99%, from about 95% to about 99%, from about 5% to about 95%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 40% to about 50%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 25% to about 35%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 35% to about 45%, from about 40% to about 50%, from about 45% to about 55%, from about 50% to about 60%, from about 55% to about 65%, from about 60% to about 70%, from about 65% to about 75%, from about 70% to about 80%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 80% to about 90%, or from about 85% to about 95% (e.g., by dry weight)). In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be present in a dietary supplement at from about 1 g to about 5 g (e.g., per serving) (e.g., from about 1 g to about 3 g, from about 1 g to about 2 g, from about 2 g to about 5 g, from about 3 g to about 5 g, or from about 2 g to about 4 g (e.g., per serving)). It will be appreciated that the particular amount of an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) present in a food product can be (e.g., can be selected to be) suitable for the particular dietary supplement. For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be present in a prebiotic fiber supplement at from about 1 g to about 5 g (e.g., per serving). For example, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein can be present in a prebiotic fiber supplement at from about 3 g to about 4 g (e.g., per serving).In some cases, an arabinoxylan composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) can be (e.g., can be formulated for use as) a pharmaceutical composition. For example, this document provides pharmaceutical compositions including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein. In some cases, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) also can include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (additives), excipients, and / or diluents. Examplesof pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, and diluents that can be used in a pharmaceutical composition provided herein (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) include, without limitation, cyclodextrins (e.g., beta-cyclodextrins such as KLEPTOSE®), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), gelatin, polymers (e.g, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (crospovidone), carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, and crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (croscarmellose sodium)), titanium oxide, azo dyes, silica gel, fumed silica, talc, magnesium carbonate, vegetable stearin, magnesium stearate, aluminum stearate, stearic acid, antioxidants (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, retinyl palmitate, and selenium), citric acid, sodium citrate, parabens (e.g., methyl paraben and propyl paraben), petrolatum, dimethyl sulfoxide, mineral oil, serum proteins (e.g., human serum albumin), glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, water, salts or electrolytes (e.g., saline such as phosphate buffered saline, protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, and zinc salts), colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyacrylates, waxes, wool fat, lecithin, and com oil. In some cases, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) also can include one or more active ingredients (e.g., one or more active ingredients in a pharmaceutically effective amount). Examples of active ingredients that can be included in a pharmaceutical supplement provided herein (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition including an arabinoxylan composition provided herein) include, without limitation, antibiotics, anti-cancer agents, and vaccines.This document also provides uses of any one or more of the arabinoxylan compositions (e.g., one or more arabinoxylan compositions containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light color) described herein. For example, this document provides the use of any one or more of the compositions described herein in food ingredients, dietary supplements, and / or pharmaceutical compositions.The invention will be further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.EXAMPLESExample 1 : Process for making arabinoxylan composition containing greater than about 50% arabinoxylan and having a light colorAn unpurified arabinoxylan produced using the methods described in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2016 / 161515 was filtered through a 5 kDa ultrafiltration membrane. The resulting permeate was then filtered using a 300 Da nanofiltration membrane. The retentate from this membrane was then purified by ion exchange chromatography using a cationic resin (Amberlite FPC88) followed by an anionic resin (Amberlite FPA66). The resulting solution was concentrated via falling film evaporation and then spray dried to a powder.Example 2: Color ComparisonsThis Example describes the differences in color seen in various arabinoxylan compositions. For example, the intensity (or Chroma) of the following liquid samples was determined.Table 1. Samples assessed.SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE NAME1 Arrabina P 20134A02AL 1%2 Arrabina V VD56CZ89 1%3 Control Brown Chefmaster 54254 Control Yellow Chefmaster 5490Color was assessed using the following Hunter Colorimeter UltraScan Pro settings:CIE Lab and LCh Color SpaceD65 illuminant10 Degree observerSpherical geometryTransmission, Total, zeroed on empty path10 mm PS cuvetteBi UVF Nominal ssSAt room temperature, samples 1 and 2 were somewhat hazy while samples 3 and 4 were clear. Comparing colors of solutions with different optical properties such as this set contains can skew the intended purpose of the measurement. The settings (Total transmission) were chosen to help minimize the differences that might becaused by scattering in the Arrabina samples and lack of scattering in the Chefinaster colors because it measured light that was transmitted through the sample and light that was scattered by the haze.The CIE color space was provided in both 3 dimensional cartesian (L*, a*, b*) and cylindrical (L*, C*, h) coordinates. Both systems describe the same point in space that represents a given color. The cylindrical coordinate system has as one of its variables a radial distance, C*, that directly represents the Chroma, or intensity of the color in the sample.In Tables 2 and 3 below the first row contains the values for the control or standard. The L*a*b* and L*C*h column values are the absolute measured values for each of those two respective color spaces. All column names that start with a “d” are difference or delta values showing the comparison between that row’s sample and the control for the chart. The control compared to itself gives a difference of zero.Table 2.iD L* a* b* 1? c* j; di* da* dL* dC* dE* dECMC «« is VSOS- OB2023-009119-01 6220 17.63 / il / it? &2.2D 76.38 Z7.12 ' 15.9$ 7.44 -6.61 16 S3 1 7.69 11.16 2023-009119-02 9955 'Z. AZ iil 10 90.55 14.29 ®35 35.75 ' 39.31 -62.05 35.79 -68.70 •j z Z Z 9.86 30.12w SS ss ill 111 lii 111 111 111 i2023-<X>5'l 19-04 ysi cut 31.33 -14.83 83.20 91.99 9983 37.23 -47.82 3.95 37 23 3.49 33.30 5 1.28 38.39Table 3.it} <1 tr L* C’ dl* db* dl* dC* dh dE’ dE CMC 91.99 85.2 91,98 86,38 99.9? 91.99 -14.83 85.20 51.89 86.48 99.8?202.3-009119-01 62.2£5 1; x}_< 74.46 62,29 76 3S 77.12 '2979 -10.74 ■29.79 -10.10 44,92 18.90 202.3-009119-02 5£5.5S -2.32 14.10 90.99 14 29 99.35 -1.44 12 51 '71.19 -1.44 -72.19 -0.52 72,21 22.39ill 111. 111 -ss iiOii2923-009il9-Myc.-i itfl 91.99 14.83 8333 91.99 86.48 99 gg G O 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GO 0.0 0.0The dC* column is a calculated difference between the Chroma of control sample and the test sample. This was the primary value used to answer the question about the intensity of the sample colors compared to each other.The dE* is a linear difference in the 3D color space between the sample and control.The dE CMC value is a weighted difference in 3D space that represents the appearance of differences rather than measured absolute differences. A rule of thumb for a flat uniform colored surface is that a difference of 1 begins to appear different.The measurements were done with a 2: 1 (lightness: chroma) ratio.Example 3: Exemplary CompositionsTable 4.Component Arrabina P Arrabina V Percent by dry weight of AX in the composition 82-86 62-77 Average molecular weight of AX in the composition 3500-6000 1100 Percent by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than AX, sugar 1 1 monomers, polypeptide(s), and ash in the compositionPercent by dry weight of any polyphenols in the composition 5.8-7.3 5-6 Percent by dry weight of arabinose units in the AX in the composition 3-4 3-4 Percent by dry weight of xylose units in the AX in the composition 58-60 80-82 Percent by dry weight of glucose units in the AX in the composition 16 12 Percent by dry weight of galactose units in the AX in the composition 3-4 4-5 Percent by dry weight of mannose unites in the AX in the 2 2compositionExample 4: Exemplary EmbodimentsEmbodiment 1. A composition comprising about 55% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 500 Da to about 2500 Da, and wherein the composition is light yellow in color.Embodiment 2. The composition of Embodiment 1, wherein a solution consisting of 9 mb of ddEEO and 1 g of the composition at 23 °C, when compared to a brown standard, results in a dE CMC value from 15 to 38 when the brown standard and a yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value of 0 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value from 38 to 39,wherein the solution, when compared to the yellow standard, results in a dE CMC value from 20 to 26 when the brown standard and the yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value from 26 to 27 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value of 0,wherein the brown standard has an L* value from 54 to 55, an a* value from 32.5 to 33.5, a b* value from 76 to 77, a C* value from 82.5 to 83.5, and an h value from 66 to 67, andwherein the yellow standard has an L* value from 91.5 to 92.5, an a* value from -14 to -15, a b* value from 85 to 86, a C* value from 86 to 87, and an h value from 99.5 to 100.5.Embodiment 3. The composition of Embodiment 2, wherein the solution results in a dE CMC value that is from 15 to 37, from 15 to 36, from 15 to 34, from 15 to 32, from 15 to 31, from 18 to 38, from 20 to 38, from 22 to 38, from 24 to 38, from 26 to 38, from 28 to 38, from 30 to 38, from 24 to 36, from 26 to 34, from 28 to 32, or from 29 to 31 when compared to the brown standard.Embodiment 4. The composition of any one of Embodiments 2-3, wherein the solution results in a dE CMC value that is from 21 to 26, from 22 to 26, from 20 to 25, from 20 to 24, from 20 to 23, from 21 to 25, from 21 to 24, from 21 to 23, from 22 to 25, from 22 to 24, or from 22 to 23, when compared to the yellow standard.Embodiment 5. The composition of any one of Embodiments 2-4, wherein the brown standard is Brown Chefrnaster 5425, and the yellow standard is Yellow Chefmaster 5490.Embodiment 6. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-5, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 1.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, polypeptide, and ash.Embodiment 7. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-6, wherein the composition comprises from about 3% to about 8% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.Embodiment 8. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-7, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 1% to about 6% by dry weight of arabinose units.Embodiment 9. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-8, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 75% to about 90% by dry weight of xylose units.Embodiment 10. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-9, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units.Embodiment 11. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-10, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units.Embodiment 12. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-11, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises less than about 3% by dry weight of mannose units.Embodiment 13. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-12, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the arabinose units and xylose units is about 0.03 to about 0.3.Embodiment 14. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-13, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the glucose units and xylose units is about 0.03 to about 0.4.Embodiment 15. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-14, wherein the composition comprises less than about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan.Embodiment 16. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-15, wherein the composition comprises about 0% to about 4% by dry weight of polypeptide.Embodiment 17. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-16, wherein the composition comprises about 0% to about 3% by dry weight of ash.Embodiment 18. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-17, wherein said composition comprises about 55% to about 85% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.Embodiment 19. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-17, wherein said composition comprises about 60% to about 80% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.Embodiment 20. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-19, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 800 Da to about 1400 Da.Embodiment 21. The composition of any one of Embodiments 1-19, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 1000 Da to about 1200 Da.Embodiment 22. A food product comprising the composition of any one of Embodiments 1-21.Embodiment 23. A dietary supplement comprising the composition of any one of Embodiments 1-21.Embodiment 24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition of any one of Embodiments 1-21.OTHER EMBODIMENTSIt is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

WHAT Is CLAIMED IS:

1. A composition comprising about 55% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 500 Da to about 2500 Da, and wherein the composition is light yellow in color.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein a solution consisting of 9 mL of ddlEO and 1 g of the composition at 23°C, when compared to a brown standard, results in a dE CMC value from 15 to 38 when the brown standard and a yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value of 0 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value from 38 to 39,wherein the solution, when compared to the yellow standard, results in a dE CMC value from 20 to 26 when the brown standard and the yellow standard are used with the brown standard having a dE CMC value from 26 to 27 and the yellow standard having a dE CMC value of 0,wherein the brown standard has an L* value from 54 to 55, an a* value from 32.5 to 33.5, a b* value from 76 to 77, a C* value from 82.5 to 83.5, and an h value from 66 to 67, andwherein the yellow standard has an L* value from 91.5 to 92.5, an a* value from -14 to -15, a b* value from 85 to 86, a C* value from 86 to 87, and an h value from 99.5 to 100.5.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the solution results in a dE CMC value that is from 15 to 37, from 15 to 36, from 15 to 34, from 15 to 32, from 15 to 31, from 18 to 38, from 20 to 38, from 22 to 38, from 24 to 38, from 26 to 38, from 28 to 38, from 30 to 38, from 24 to 36, from 26 to 34, from 28 to 32, or from 29 to 31 when compared to the brown standard.

4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the solution results in a dE CMC value that is from 21 to 26, from 22 to 26, from 20 to 25, from 20 to 24, from 20 to 23, from 21 to 25, from 21 to 24, from 21 to 23, from 22 to 25, from 22 to 24, or from 22 to 23, when compared to the yellow standard.

5. The composition of claim 2, wherein the brown standard is Brown Chefmaster 5425, and the yellow standard is Yellow Chefinaster 5490.

6. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 1.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, polypeptide, and ash.

7. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the composition comprises from about 3% to about 8% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

8. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 1% to about 6% by dry weight of arabinose units.

9. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 75% to about 90% by dry weight of xylose units.

10. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units.

11. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units.

12. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises less than about 3% by dry weight of mannose units.

13. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the arabinose units and xylose units is about 0.03 to about 0.3.

14. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of the glucose units and xylose units is about 0.03 to about 0.4.

15. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the composition comprises less than about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan.

16. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the composition comprises about 0% to about 4% by dry weight of polypeptide.

17. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the composition comprises about 0% to about 3% by dry weight of ash.

18. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein said composition comprises about 55% to about 85% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

19. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein said composition comprises about 60% to about 80% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

20. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 800 Da to about 1400 Da.

21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 1000 Da to about 1200 Da.

22. A food product comprising the composition of any one of claims 1-21.

23. A dietary supplement comprising the composition of any one of claims 1-21.

24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition of any one of claims 1-21.

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