Methods and apparatus for enhancements on cell reselection in wireless communications
Elevation-based and beam-SSB-based cell reselection methods enhance NTN cell selection accuracy by using satellite elevation angles and beam distances, reducing failure rates and improving cell reselection efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK SINGAPORE PTE LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Current cell reselection methods in Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) scenarios, such as distance-triggered and RSRP-based approaches, are inadequate due to dynamic signal conditions and UE movement, leading to inaccurate cell selection and high failure rates.
Implementing elevation-based cell reselection triggers, elevation-based cell ranking criteria, beam-SSB-based cell reselection in multi-beam operations, and signaling of cell reselection parameters, including reference service elevations, beam hopping synchronization signal blocks, and distance-based measurements to enhance cell reselection accuracy.
Improves the efficiency and success rate of cell reselection processes in NTN by leveraging satellite elevation angles and beam distances for more informed decision-making.
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Figure CN2025128625_07052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCEMENTS ON CELL RESELECTION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application claiming the priority benefit of PCT Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 128510, filed 30 October 2024, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to enhancements on cell reselection in wireless communications (e.g., for non-terrestrial network (NTN) ) .BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 17, NTN is introduced as a terminal-satellite direct communication technology based on the new radio (NR) interface. With the integration of satellite network and ground cellular network (e.g., 5th generation (5G) network) , NTN may provide ubiquitous coverage without being restricted by terrain and landform. As NTN continues to evolve in the 5G-Advanced (5G-A) stage, it has become an important part of 3GPP Release 18 work plan. Currently, NTN may include two workgroups: Internet-of-Things (IoT) NTN and New Radio (NR) NTN. IoT NTN focuses on satellite IoT services that support low-complexity enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) user equipment (UE) and narrowband Internet-of-things (NB-IoT) UE. NR NTN uses the 5G NR framework to enable direct connection between satellites and smartphones to provide voice and data services.
[0005] In NTN scenarios, ensuring the overall performance of the communication system is paramount, and cell selection and reselection in idle mode are critical to this objective. Under the current 5G-A NTN framework, a UE utilizes distance-triggered and reference signal received power (RSRP) -based methods for cell reselection. However, such methods may be insufficient in NTN scenarios due to their dynamic and unique characteristics. For example, in NTN scenarios with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , the accuracy of RSRP measured at the UE may be significantly reduced, thereby degrading the accuracy of selecting the best satellite or cell based on the measured RSRP. Furthermore, when the UE is in motion, the measured RSRP may fluctuate considerably due to the UE’s movement, which also degrades the accuracy of selecting the best satellite or cell based on the measured RSRP.
[0006] Therefore, there is a need to provide proper schemes to address the issues.SUMMARY
[0007] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0008] One objective of the present disclosure is proposing schemes, concepts, designs, systems, methods and apparatus pertaining to enhancements on cell reselection in wireless communications (e.g., for NTN) . It is believed that the above-described issues would be avoided or otherwise alleviated by implementing one or more of the proposed schemes described herein.
[0009] In one aspect, a method may involve an apparatus receiving a configuration from a serving cell, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following parameters: (i) a first parameter indicating a first reference service elevation of the serving cell associated with a first satellite; (ii) a second parameter indicating one or more second reference service elevations of one or more neighbor cells associated with one or more second satellites; (iii) a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to average for cell measurement derivation; (iv) a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of layer-1 (L1) measurements per beam SSB index; and (v) a fifth parameter defined as a sum of a received signal power term and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors, wherein the received signal power term is defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measured over a set of resource blocks, and the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius. The method may also involve the apparatus performing measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells based on the configuration.
[0010] In one aspect, a method may involve a network node forming a serving cell to wirelessly communicate with an apparatus. The method may also involve the network node transmitting a configuration to the apparatus, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following parameters: (i) a first parameter and a second parameter for assisting the apparatus with an elevation-based cell reselection, the first parameter indicates a first reference service elevation of the serving cell associated with a first satellite, and the second parameter indicates one or more second reference service elevations of one or more neighbor cells associated with one or more second satellites; (ii) a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping SSBs to average for cell measurement derivation; (iii) a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of L1 measurements per beam SSB index; and (iv) a fifth parameter defined as a sum of a received signal power term and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors, wherein the received signal power term is defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier RSSI measured over a set of resource blocks, and the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius.
[0011] In one aspect, an apparatus may comprise a transceiver that, during operation, wirelessly communicates with a serving cell and one or more neighbor cells. The apparatus may also comprise a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver. The processor, during operation, may perform operations comprising receiving, via the transceiver, a configuration from the serving cell, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following parameters: (i) a first parameter indicating a first reference service elevation of the serving cell associated with a first satellite; (ii) a second parameter indicating one or more second reference service elevations of the one or more neighbor cells associated with one or more second satellites; (iii) a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping SSBs to average for cell measurement derivation; (iv) a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of L1 measurements per beam SSB index; and (v) a fifth parameter defined as a sum of a received signal power term and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors, wherein the received signal power term is defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier RSSI measured over a set of resource blocks, and the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius. The processor may also perform operations comprising performing, via the transceiver, measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells based on the configuration.
[0012] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, 5G, 5G-A, NR, IoT and NB-IoT, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) , beyond 5G (B5G) , and 6th Generation (6G) , the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the distance-triggered method for cell reselection in the current 5G-A NTN framework.
[0015] FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the RSRP-based method for cell reselection in the current 5G-A NTN framework.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0017] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the elevations between the UE and different satellites in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the elevation-based cell ranking in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the multi-beam coverages within an NTN cell in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example communication system in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 9 is a flowchart of another example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0023] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0024] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to enhancements on cell reselection in wireless communications (e.g., for NTN) . According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0025] In the present disclosure, NTN refers to a network that uses RF and information processing resources carried on high, medium and low orbit satellites or other high-altitude communication platforms to provide communication services for UEs. According to the load capacity on the satellite, there are two typical scenarios, namely: transparent payload and regenerative payload. In transparent payload mode, the satellite does not process the signal and waveform in the communication service but, rather, only functions as an RF amplifier to forward data. In regenerative payload mode, the satellite, other than RF amplification, also has the processing capabilities of modulation / demodulation, coding / decoding, switching, routing and so on. It is noteworthy that the present disclosure is motivated by, but not limited to, an NTN scenario.
[0026] Currently, for mobility enhancement in 5G-A NR NTN, in the quasi-earth fixed cell case, 3GPP RAN2 has discussed the distance-triggered method / condition and the RSRP-based cell ranking criterion. However, the distance-triggered method / condition may be rendered useless or insufficient, and relying solely on the RSRP-based cell ranking criterion may lead to a high failure rate. FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario 100 of the distance-triggered method for cell reselection in the current 5G-A NTN framework. Scenario 100 depicts the case of satellites operating in the regenerative payload mode, in which each satellite, other than the capability of radio frequency (RF) amplification, also has the processing capabilities of modulation / demodulation, coding / decoding, switching, routing and so on. As shown in FIG. 1, when satellite 1 (denoted as SAT#1) is about to stop serving the current cell of the UE, the distance between the UE and the reference location or reference point (denoted as RP1) of the serving cell is still shorter than the distance threshold (denoted as distanceThresh) for triggering the cell reselection / measurement. As a result, the UE will perform cell reselection only after the UE detects that it is out of service of SAT#1, i.e., the distance-triggered method is clearly insufficient for NTN operating in the regenerative payload mode.
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates an example scenario 200 of the RSRP-based method for cell reselection in the current 5G-A NTN framework. As shown in part (A) of FIG. 2, due to the distance between the UE and the reference location or reference point (denoted as RP1) of the serving cell being larger than distanceThresh, the cell measurement for cell reselection is triggered. If the power flux density (PFD) limit is not considered, the UE may perform the RSRP-based cell ranking for all neighbor satellites (i.e., SAT#1 to SAT#9) . Part (B) of FIG. 2 depicts the measurement result with respect to RSRP and satellite ID, where SAT#1 and SAT#6 have great RSRP values but with limited-service duration (as they are about to stop serving the area where the UE is located) . That is, reselecting either SAT#1 or SAT#6 will cause a high failure rate for the UE.
[0028] In view of the above, the present disclosure is motivated by, but not limited to, NTN scenarios, and accordingly proposes a number of schemes pertaining to enhancements on cell reselection in wireless communications. Specifically, the proposed schemes of the present disclosure introduces innovative approaches on the following aspects: (i) elevation-based cell reselection trigger condition, which employes the elevation angle of the satellite as a dynamic parameter for triggering cell reselection; (ii) elevation-based cell ranking criterion, which employes the elevation angle to determine the preference of cells to improve the chances of selecting the best available cell; (iii) beam-SSB-based or distance-based cell reselection in multi-beam operations, which leverages the beam-SSB or the actual distance between the UE and the beam center among multiple beams to make more informed cell reselection decisions; and (iv) signaling of cell reselection parameters. Accordingly, by applying the schemes of the present disclosure, the efficiency and success rate of the cell reselection and measurement processes may be improved significantly.
[0029] FIG. 3 illustrates an example scenario 300 of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. Scenario 300 involves a UE 310 in wireless communication with a network 320 (e.g., a wireless network including an NTN and a TN) via at least one terrestrial network node 322 (e.g., a base station (BS) such as an evolved Node-B (eNB) , a next generation Node-B (gNB) , or a transmission / reception point (TRP) ) and one or more non-terrestrial network nodes 324 (e.g., satellite (s) ) . In some implementations, the terrestrial network node 322 and the non-terrestrial network node (s) 324 may communicate through an NTN or satellite gateway (not shown) . For example, in the transparent payload mode, the terrestrial network node 322 and each of the non-terrestrial network node (s) 324 may form an NTN cell for wireless communication with the UE 310. In the regenerative payload mode, each of the non-terrestrial network nodes 324 may have a full / part of gNB function and may be able to form an NTN serving cell for wireless communication with the UE 310, with or without involving the terrestrial network node 322. Alternatively, the terrestrial network node 322 may form a TN serving cell for wireless communication with the UE 310. In such a communication environment as shown in FIG. 3, the UE 310, the terrestrial network node 321, and the non-terrestrial network node (s) 322 may implement various schemes pertaining to enhancements on cell reselection in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure, as described below. It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations, some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0030] Under the first scheme of the present disclosure, the elevation-based cell reselection trigger condition is proposed. Specifically, when the elevation between the UE and the serving satellite is larger than a first threshold (e.g., serviceElevation_S which indicates the reference service elevation of the serving cell to be used in the elevation-based measurement initiation for NTN cell) or is smaller than a second threshold (e.g., 180-serviceElevation_S) , it means that the serving satellite is going to stop servicing the serving cell (i.e., the area where the UE is located) , and accordingly, the UE may perform intra-frequency and / or inter-frequency measurements for cell reselection. The elevation between the UE and a satellite may be calculated by the UE as the angle between the horizontal vector of the satellite’s moving direction and the vector of the satellite pointing to the UE.
[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario 400 of the elevations between the UE and different satellites in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Part (A) of FIG. 4 depicts the case of the satellites’ moving direction towards the left / west of the UE, while part (B) of FIG. 4 depicts the case of the satellites’ moving direction towards the right / east of the UE.
[0032] In some implementations, the following rules in Table 1 may be used by the UE to limit needed measurements. Table. 1
[0033] In some implementations, when evaluating Srxlev and Squal of non-serving cells for reselection evaluation purposes, the UE may use parameters provided by the serving cell and for the final check on cell selection criterion, the UE may use parameters provided by the target cell for cell reselection.
[0034] Under the second scheme of the present disclosure, the elevation-based cell ranking criterion is proposed. Specifically, the elevation-based cell ranking uses the elevation angles of the serving satellite and the neighbor satellites as the key factors in cell ranking, such that the best ranked cell would correspond to a satellite with longer service duration.
[0035] In the first phase of the elevation-based cell ranking, for the case where threshServingLowQ is broadcast in system information (e.g., SIB) and more than X seconds have elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell, cell reselection to a cell on a higher priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency may be performed if a cell of a higher priority NR or EUTRAN RAT / frequency fulfills Squal > ThreshX, HighQ during a time interval TreselectionRAT. Otherwise, cell reselection to a cell on a higher priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency may be performed if: (i) a cell of a higher priority RAT / frequency fulfills Srxlev > ThreshX, HighP during a time interval TreselectionRAT; and (ii) more than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell. Cell reselection to a cell on an equal priority NR frequency may be based on ranking for intra-frequency cell reselection as defined in clause 5.2.4.6 of the 3GPP technical specification (TS) 38.331. For the case where threshServingLowQ is broadcast in system information and more than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell, cell reselection to a cell on a lower priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency may be performed if the serving cell fulfills Squal <ThreshServing, LowQ and a cell of a lower priority NR or E-UTRAN RAT / frequency fulfills Squal >ThreshX, LowQ during a time interval TreselectionRAT. Otherwise, cell reselection to a cell on a lower priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency may be performed if: (i) the serving cell fulfills Srxlev < ThreshServing, LowP, and a cell of a lower priority RAT / frequency fulfills Srxlev > ThreshX, LowP during a time interval TreselectionRAT; and (ii) more than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell. Cell reselection to a higher priority RAT / frequency may take precedence over a lower priority RAT / frequency if multiple cells of different priorities fulfill the cell reselection criteria.
[0036] In the second phase of the elevation-based cell ranking, if more than one cell meets the above criteria in the first phase, the UE may reselect a cell with the following cell-ranking criterion Rs for the serving cell and Rn for the neighbor cells. If serviceElevation is broadcast in SIB19 (or NTN_SIB) and the UE supports elevation-based measurement for the NTN cell and has obtained its location information and satellite ephemeris information, then the UE may calculate Rs (by Rs = 180 + serviceElevation_S–Es) and Rn (by Rn = 180 + serviceElevation_N –En) . Otherwise, the UE may calculate Rs (by Rs = Qmeas, s+Qhyst –Qoffsettemp) and Rn (by Rn = Qmeas, n -Qoffset –Qoffsettemp) . The UE may perform a ranking of all cells that fulfill the cell selection criterion S. The cells may be ranked according to the R criteria specified above calculating the R values, and the UE may perform cell reselection to the highest ranked cell. In all cases, the UE may reselect the new cell only if the following conditions are met: (i) the new cell is better than the serving cell according to the cell reselection criteria specified above during a time interval TreselectionRAT; and (ii) more than X seconds have elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.
[0037] The definitions of the parameters used in the elevation-based cell ranking are provided below in Table 2. Table. 2
[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates an example scenario 500 of the elevation-based cell ranking in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in part (A) of FIG. 5, due to the distance between the UE and the reference location or reference point (denoted as RP1) of the serving cell being larger than distanceThresh, the cell measurement for cell reselection is triggered. If the PFD limit is not considered, the UE may perform the elevation-based cell ranking for all satellites (i.e., SAT#1 to SAT#9) . Part (B) of FIG. 5 depicts the measurement result with respect to RSRP and satellite ID, where SAT#5 and SAT#9 have a minimum elevation (i.e., have a longer or the longest service duration among all satellites) . That is, reselecting to either SAT#5 or SAT#9 will have a very low failure rate compared to other satellites.
[0039] Under the third scheme of the present disclosure, the beam-SSB-based cell reselection in multi-beam operations is proposed. For cell reselection in beam hopping of the NTN system, including inter-RAT reselection, the measurement quantity of a cell may be derived amongst the beams corresponding to the same cell based on beam hopping SSB as follows. If numofBeamSS-BlocksToAverage is not configured in SIB for cell reselection, or if absThreshBeamSS-BlocksConsolidation is not configured in SIB for cell reselection, or if the highest beam measurement quantity value is below or equal to absThreshBeamSS-BlocksConsolidation, then the UE may derive a cell measurement quantity as the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value. Otherwise, if none of the above three conditions is met, then the UE may derive a cell measurement quantity as the linear average of the power values of up to nrofBeamSS-BlocksToAverage of the highest beam measurement quantity values above absThreshBeamSS-BlocksConsolidation. Note that when beam hopping of NTN is considered, different thresholds for different beam-SSB may be configured, given that different beam coverage may cause different beam width angles and different antenna gains of the satellite.
[0040] The definitions of the parameters used in the beam-SSB-based cell reselection are provided below in Table 3. Table. 3
[0041] Under the fourth scheme of the present disclosure, the distance-based cell reselection in multi-beam operations is proposed. For cell reselection in beam hopping of the NTN system, including inter-RAT reselection, the distance-based measurement quantity of a cell may be derived amongst the beams corresponding to the same cell based on beam hopping SSB as follows. If numofBeamSS-BlocksToAverage is not configured in SIB for cell reselection, or if absThreshBeamSS-BlocksConsolidation is not configured in SIB for cell reselection, or if the highest beam measurement quantity value is below or equal to absThreshBeamSS-BlocksConsolidation, then the UE may derive a cell distance-based measurement quantity as the highest beam hopping SS / PBCH block distance-based measurement quantity value, where each beam distance-based measurement quantity is equal to SS-RSRQ_D. Otherwise, if none of the above three conditions is met, then the UE may derive a cell distance-based measurement quantity as the sum of (factor_RSRP *average_RSRP) and (factor_D *the ratio of DistanceToBeamcentre / BeamRadius) , where average_RSRP is the linear average of the power values of up to nrofBeamSS-BlocksToAverage of highest beam measurement quantity values above absThreshBeamSS-BlocksConsolidation, DistanceToBeamcentre is the absolute distance value from UE to beam hopping center for the responsible beam hopping index, the BeamRadius is the absolute beam radius value for the responsible beam hopping index. Note that when beam hopping of NTN is considered, the UE may prioritize the RSRP value of the nearest beam and deprioritize the RSRP value of the farthest beam, as shown in FIG. 6.
[0042] Under the fifth scheme of the present disclosure, the signaling of cell reselection parameters is proposed. Specifically, the cell reselection parameters, at least including the above-mentioned numofBeamSS-BlocksToAverage, absThreshBeamSS-BlocksConsolidation, SS-RSRQ_D, serviceElevation_S, and serviceElevation_N, may be broadcast in system information (e.g., SIB19 / 32, or others) and may be read from the serving cell. Illustrative Implementations
[0043] FIG. 7 illustrates an example communication system 700 having an example communication apparatus 710 and an example network apparatus 720 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of communication apparatus 710 and network apparatus 720 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to enhancements on cell reselection in wireless communications, including scenarios / schemes described above as well as processes 800 and 900 described below.
[0044] Communication apparatus 710 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a UE such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 710 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, an electronic control unit (ECU) in a vehicle, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Communication apparatus 710 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT, NB-IoT, IIoT, BL, or CE UE such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a roadside unit (RSU) , a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 710 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. Alternatively, communication apparatus 710 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. Communication apparatus 710 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 7 such as a processor 712, for example. Communication apparatus 710 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of communication apparatus 710 are neither shown in FIG. 7 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0045] Network apparatus 720 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a network node such as a satellite, a BS, a small cell, a router or a gateway of an NTN. For instance, network apparatus 720 may be implemented in a satellite and / or an eNB / gNB / TRP in a 4G / 5G, NR, IoT, NB-IoT or IIoT network. Alternatively, network apparatus 720 may be implemented in the form of one or more IC chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more RISC or CISC processors. Network apparatus 720 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 7 such as a processor 722, for example. Network apparatus 720 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of network apparatus 720 are neither shown in FIG. 7 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0046] In one aspect, each of processor 712 and processor 722 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 712 and processor 722, each of processor 712 and processor 722 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 712 and processor 722 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 712 and processor 722 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks, including inter-satellite measurement and handover for NTN, in a device (e.g., as represented by communication apparatus 710) and a network node (e.g., as represented by network apparatus 720) in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0047] In some implementations, communication apparatus 710 may also include a transceiver 716 coupled to processor 712 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 716 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs and / or wireless networks of different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some implementations, transceiver 716 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 716 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. In some implementations, transceiver 716 may be equipped with a rotor if mechanical steering antenna is used. Alternatively, transceiver 716 may be equipped with phase antenna (s) if electronic steering antenna is used. In some implementations, network apparatus 720 may also include a transceiver 726 coupled to processor 722. Transceiver 726 may include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 726 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs of different RATs. In some implementations, transceiver 726 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 726 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for MIMO wireless communications.
[0048] In some implementations, communication apparatus 710 may further include a memory 714 coupled to processor 712 and capable of being accessed by processor 712 and storing data therein. In some implementations, network apparatus 720 may further include a memory 724 coupled to processor 722 and capable of being accessed by processor 722 and storing data therein. Each of memory 714 and memory 724 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 714 and memory 724 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 714 and memory 724 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0049] Each of communication apparatus 710 and network apparatus 720 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of communication apparatus 710, as a UE, and network apparatus 720, as a network node (e.g., satellite and / or BS) , is provided below with processes 800 and 900. Illustrative Processes
[0050] FIG. 8 illustrates an example process 800 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 800 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to enhancements on cell reselection in wireless communications. Process 800 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 710. Process 800 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 810 to 840. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 800 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 800 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 8 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 800 may be implemented by or in communication apparatus 710 or any suitable UE. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 800 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 710, as a UE. Process 800 may begin at block 810.
[0051] At 810, process 800 may involve processor 712 of communication apparatus 710, receiving, via transceiver 716, a configuration from a serving cell, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following parameters: (i) a first parameter indicating a first reference service elevation of the serving cell associated with a first satellite (e.g., network apparatus 720) ; (ii) a second parameter indicating one or more second reference service elevations of one or more neighbor cells associated with one or more second satellites; (iii) a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping SSBs to average for cell measurement derivation; (iv) a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of L1 measurements per beam SSB index; and (v) a fifth parameter defined as a sum of a received signal power term and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors, wherein the received signal power term is defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier RSSI measured over a set of resource blocks, and the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius. Process 800 may proceed from 810 to 820.
[0052] At 820, process 800 may involve processor 712 performing, via transceiver 716, measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells based on the configuration.
[0053] In some implementations, in an event that the first parameter and the second parameter is are configured, the measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells may be performed based on a first elevation between the apparatus and the first satellite and the first reference service elevation, and process 800 may further involve processor 712 determining an elevation-based cell ranking for the serving cell and at least one of the one or more neighbor cells selected based on a result of the measurements, and performing a cell reselection to a highest ranked cell in the elevation-based cell ranking.
[0054] In some implementations, the elevation-based cell ranking may be determined based on the first reference service elevation, the first elevation, the one or more second reference service elevations, and one or more second elevations between communication apparatus 710 and the one or more second satellites.
[0055] In some implementations, the first elevation may be calculated as a first angle between a horizontal vector of a satellite moving direction and a first vector of the first satellite pointing to communication apparatus 710, and each of the one or more second elevations is calculated as a second angle between the horizontal vector of the satellite moving direction and a second vector of one of the one or more second satellites pointing to communication apparatus 710.
[0056] In some implementations, the measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells may be performed in an event that the first elevation is larger than the first reference service elevation or is smaller than a value obtained by subtracting the first reference service elevation from 180. Additionally, process 800 may further involve processor 712 determining not to perform the measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells in an event that the first elevation is not larger than the first reference service elevation or is not smaller than the value obtained by subtracting the first reference service elevation from 180.
[0057] In some implementations, a result of the measurements may include a cell measurement quantity for each of the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells that support multi-beam operations, and the cell measurement quantity may be derived as a highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value or as a linear average of power values of up to X of highest beam measurement quantity values exceeding Y, where X is defined as a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping SSBs to average for cell measurement derivation, and Y is defined as a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of L1 measurements per beam SSB index.
[0058] In some implementations, the cell measurement quantity may be derived as the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value in an event that X or Y is not configured or the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value is below or equal to Y. Alternatively, cell measurement quantity may be derived as the linear average of the power values of up to X of highest beam measurement quantity values exceeding Y in an event that X and Y are configured and the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value is greater than Y.
[0059] In some implementations, a result of the measurements may include a cell measurement quantity for each of the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells that support multi-beam operations, and the cell measurement quantity may be derived as a highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value, with each beam hopping SSB measurement quantity equal to the fifth parameter.
[0060] In some implementations, the received signal power term may be defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier RSSI measured over a set of resource blocks. Additionally, or optionally, the beam distance ratio term may be defined as a ratio of a distance between communication apparatus 710 and a beam center to a beam radius. Additionally, or optionally, the respective weighting factors may be pre-defined or configured in a SIB.
[0061] In some implementations, the cell measurement quantity may be derived in an event that the third parameter or the fourth parameter is not configured or the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value is below or equal to the fifth parameter.
[0062] In some implementations, a result of the measurements may include a cell measurement quantity for each of the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells that support multi-beam operations, and the cell measurement quantity may be derived as a sum of an average received signal power and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors.
[0063] In some implementations, the average received signal power may include a linear average of power values of up to X of highest beam measurement quantity values exceeding Y, where X indicates a number of beam hopping SSBs to average for cell measurement derivation, and Y indicates a threshold for consolidation of L1 measurements per beam SSB index. Additionally, or optionally, the beam distance ratio term may be defined as a ratio of a distance between communication apparatus 710 and a beam center to a beam radius. Additionally, or optionally, the respective weighting factors may be pre-defined or configured in a SIB.
[0064] In some implementations, the cell measurement quantity may be derived in an event that the third parameter and the fourth parameter are configured and the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value is greater than the fourth parameter.
[0065] In some implementations, the configuration may be received in a SIB.
[0066] FIG. 9 illustrates an example process 900 in accordance with another implementation of the present disclosure. Process 900 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to enhancements on cell reselection in wireless communications. Process 900 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of network apparatus 720. Process 900 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 910 and 920. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 900 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 900 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 9 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 900 may be implemented by or in network apparatus 720 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 900 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 710, as a UE, and network apparatus 720, as a network node (e.g., a satellite and / or BS) . Process 900 may begin at block 910.
[0067] At 910, process 900 may involve processor 722 of network apparatus 720, forming, via transceiver 726, a serving cell to wirelessly communicate with communication apparatus 710. Process 900 may proceed from block 910 to block 920.
[0068] At 920, process 900 may involve processor 722 transmitting, via transceiver 726, a configuration to communication apparatus 710, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following parameters: (i) a first parameter and a second parameter for assisting the apparatus with an elevation-based cell reselection, wherein the first parameter indicates a first reference service elevation of the serving cell associated with a first satellite, and the second parameter indicates one or more second reference service elevations of one or more neighbor cells associated with one or more second satellites; (ii) a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping SSBs to average for cell measurement derivation; (iii) a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of L1 measurements per beam SSB index; and (iv) a fifth parameter defined as a sum of a received signal power term and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors, wherein the received signal power term is defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier RSSI measured over a set of resource blocks, and the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius.
[0069] In some implementations, the configuration may be received in a SIB. Additional Notes
[0070] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0071] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0072] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0073] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:receiving, by a processor of an apparatus, a configuration from a serving cell, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following parameters:a first parameter indicating a first reference service elevation of the serving cell associated with a first satellite;a second parameter indicating one or more second reference service elevations of one or more neighbor cells associated with one or more second satellites;a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to average for cell measurement derivation;a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of layer-1 (L1) measurements per beam SSB index; anda fifth parameter defined as a sum of a received signal power term and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors, wherein the received signal power term is defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measured over a set of resource blocks, and the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius; andperforming, by the processor, measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells based on the configuration.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein, in an event that the first parameter and the second parameter are configured, the measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells are performed based on a first elevation between the apparatus and the first satellite and the first reference service elevation, and the method further comprises:determining, by the processor, an elevation-based cell ranking for the serving cell and at least one of the one or more neighbor cells selected based on a result of the measurements; andperforming, by the processor, a cell reselection to a highest ranked cell in the elevation-based cell ranking.3.The method of Claim 2, wherein the elevation-based cell ranking is determined based on the first reference service elevation, the first elevation, the one or more second reference service elevations, and one or more second elevations between the apparatus and the one or more second satellites.4.The method of Claim 3, wherein the first elevation is calculated as a first angle between a horizontal vector of a satellite moving direction and a first vector of the first satellite pointing to the apparatus, and each of the one or more second elevations is calculated as a second angle between the horizontal vector of the satellite moving direction and a second vector of one of the one or more second satellites pointing to the apparatus.5.The method of Claim 2, wherein the measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells are performed in an event that the first elevation is larger than the first reference service elevation or is smaller than a value obtained by subtracting the first reference service elevation from 180, and the method further comprises:determining, by the processor, not to perform the measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells in an event that the first elevation is not larger than the first reference service elevation or is not smaller than the value obtained by subtracting the first reference service elevation from 180.6.The method of Claim 1, wherein a result of the measurements comprises a cell measurement quantity for each of the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells that support multi-beam operations, and the cell measurement quantity is derived as a highest beam hopping synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement quantity value or as a linear average of power values of up to X of highest beam measurement quantity values exceeding Y, where X is defined as a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping SSBs to average for cell measurement derivation, and Y is defined as a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of layer-1 (L1) measurements per beam SSB index.7.The method of Claim 6, wherein the cell measurement quantity is derived as the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value in an event that X or Y is not configured or the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value is below or equal to Y; or cell measurement quantity is derived as the linear average of the power values of up to X of highest beam measurement quantity values exceeding Y in an event that X and Y are configured and the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value is greater than Y.8.The method of Claim 1, wherein a result of the measurements comprises a cell measurement quantity for each of the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells that support multi-beam operations, and the cell measurement quantity is derived as a highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value, with each beam hopping SSB measurement quantity equal to the fifth parameter.9.The method of Claim 8, wherein:the received signal power term is defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier RSSI measured over a set of resource blocks;the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius; andthe respective weighting factors are pre-defined or configured in a system information block (SIB) .10.The method of Claim 8, wherein the cell measurement quantity is derived in an event that the third parameter or the fourth parameter is not configured or the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value is below or equal to the fifth parameter.11.The method of Claim 1, wherein a result of the measurements comprises a cell measurement quantity for each of the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells that support multi-beam operations, and the cell measurement quantity is derived as a sum of an average received signal power and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors.12.The method of Claim 11, wherein:the average received signal power comprises a linear average of power values of up to X of highest beam measurement quantity values exceeding Y, where X indicates a number of beam hopping SSBs to average for cell measurement derivation, and Y indicates a threshold for consolidation of L1 measurements per beam SSB index;the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius; andthe respective weighting factors are pre-defined or configured in a system information block (SIB) .13.The method of Claim 11, wherein the cell measurement quantity is derived in an event that the third parameter and the fourth parameter are configured and the highest beam hopping SSB measurement quantity value is greater than the fourth parameter.14.The method of Claim 1, wherein the configuration is received in a system information block (SIB) .15.A method, comprising:forming, by a processor of a network node, a serving cell to wirelessly communicate with an apparatus; andtransmitting, by the processor, a configuration to the apparatus, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following parameters:a first parameter and a second parameter for assisting the apparatus with an elevation-based cell reselection, wherein the first parameter indicates a first reference service elevation of the serving cell associated with a first satellite, and the second parameter indicates one or more second reference service elevations of one or more neighbor cells associated with one or more second satellites;a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to average for cell measurement derivation;a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of layer-1 (L1) measurements per beam SSB index; anda fifth parameter defined as a sum of a received signal power term and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors, where the received signal power term is defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measured over a set of resource blocks, and the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius.16.The method of Claim 15, wherein the configuration is received in a system information block (SIB) .17.An apparatus, comprising:a transceiver which, during operation, wirelessly communicates with a serving cell and one or more neighbor cells; anda processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver such that, during operation, the processor performs operations comprising:receiving, via the transceiver, a configuration from the serving cell, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following parameters:a first parameter indicating a first reference service elevation of the serving cell associated with a first satellite;a second parameter indicating one or more second reference service elevations of the one or more neighbor cells associated with one or more second satellites;a third parameter indicating a number of beam hopping synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to average for cell measurement derivation;a fourth parameter indicating a threshold for consolidation of layer-1 (L1) measurements per beam SSB index; anda fifth parameter defined as a sum of a received signal power term and a beam distance ratio term with respective weighting factors, wherein the received signal power term is defined as a ratio of an SSB received power to a carrier received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measured over a set of resource blocks, and the beam distance ratio term is defined as a ratio of a distance between the apparatus and a beam center to a beam radius; andperforming, via the transceiver, measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells based on the configuration.18.The apparatus of Claim 17, wherein, in an event that the first parameter and the second parameter are configured, the measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells are performed based on a first elevation between the apparatus and the first satellite and the first reference service elevation, and the processor, during operation, further performs operations comprising:determining an elevation-based cell ranking for the serving cell and at least one of the one or more neighbor cells selected based on a result of the measurements; andperforming a cell reselection to a highest ranked cell in the elevation-based cell ranking.19.The apparatus of Claim 18, wherein:the elevation-based cell ranking is determined based on the first reference service elevation, the first elevation, the one or more second reference service elevations, and one or more second elevations between the apparatus and the one or more second satellites;the first elevation is calculated as a first angle between a horizontal vector of a satellite moving direction and a first vector of the first satellite pointing to the apparatus; andeach of the one or more second elevations is calculated as a second angle between the horizontal vector of the satellite moving direction and a second vector of one of the one or more second satellites pointing to the apparatus.20.The apparatus of Claim 18, wherein the measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells are performed in an event that the first elevation is larger than the first reference service elevation or is smaller than a value obtained by subtracting the first reference service elevation from 180, and the processor, during operation, further performs operations comprising:determining not to perform the measurements on the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells in an event that the first elevation is not larger than the first reference service elevation or is not smaller than the value obtained by subtracting the first reference service elevation from 180.
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