GLP-1r\GIPR\GCGR modulator in combination with THR-beta modulator for treatment of metabolic diseases
A combination of GLP-1R/GIPR/GCGR and THR-β modulators provides a therapeutic approach for obesity management, achieving weight loss without muscle loss and ensuring tolerability, improving upon existing weight management strategies.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ASCLETIS PHARMA (CHINA) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing weight management strategies fail to effectively prevent, treat, or ameliorate obesity and overweight without causing muscle loss, posing significant health risks.
A combination therapy involving GLP-1R/GIPR/GCGR modulators and THR-β modulators, administered in specific formulations, targets fat for weight loss while preserving muscle mass and ensuring good tolerability.
The therapy achieves healthy weight reduction by targeting fat without muscle loss and demonstrates good tolerability, addressing the limitations of existing methods.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025131228-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025131228-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025131228-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR MODULATOR IN COMBINATION WITH THR-BETA MODULATOR FOR TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISEASES
[0001] CRO SS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present disclosure claims the benefits of the PCT application No. PCT / CN2024 / 128507 entitled “A compound or a method for the treatment of metabolic diseases and alopecia areata diseases” filed October 30, 2024, the PCT application No. PCT / CN2024 / 139948 entitled “A compound or a method for the treatment of metabolic diseases and alopecia areata diseases” filed December 17, 2024, and the PCT application No. PCT / CN2025 / 092873 entitled “A compound or a method for the treatment of metabolic diseases and alopecia areata diseases” filed May 6, 2025, which are incorporated herein by their entireties.Field
[0003] The present invention is related to a combination therapy or a method for the treatment of metabolic diseases..Background
[0004] Thyroid hormones are critical for normal growth and development and for maintaining metabolic homeostasis (Paul M. Yen Physiological Review, Vol. 81 (3) : pp. 1097-1126 (2001) ) . Circulating levels of thyroid hormones are tightly regulated by feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamus / pituitary / thyroid (HPT) axis. Thyroid dysfunction leading to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism clearly demonstrates that thyroid hormones exert profound effects on cardiac function, body weight, metabolism, metabolic rate, body temperature, cholesterol, bone, muscle and behavior. The thyroid hormone receptors are derived from two separate genes, αandβ. These distinct gene products produce multiple forms of their respective receptors through differential RNA processing. The major thyroid receptor isoforms areαl, α2, βl and β2. Thyroid hormone receptorsαl, βl andβ2 bind thyroid hormone. It has been shown that the thyroid hormone receptor subtypes can differ in their contribution to particular biological responses. Recent studies suggest that TRβl plays an important role in regulating TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) and on regulating thyroid hormone actions in the liver. TRβ2 plays an important role in the regulation of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) . TRβl plays an important role in regulating heart rate.
[0005] GIP (Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) , GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) , and GCGR (Glucagon Receptor) are hormones and receptors closely related to the regulation of blood glucose levels. These three hormones and receptors in the body is crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis and regulating energy balance. GIP and GLP-1 are typically secreted in increased amounts after meals, working synergistically on pancreaticβ-cells to promote insulin secretion, while GCGR promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis through the action of glucagon when blood glucose levels are low, to maintain blood glucose levels. Research on these receptors and hormones provides important targets and strategies for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
[0006] Obesity, or over weight is a common metabolic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat to the extent that it becomes detrimental to health. Obesity is typically associated with a variety of health issues, including but not limited to: cardiovascular diseases: such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, etc. Metabolic syndrome: a cluster of symptoms that includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, abnormal cholesterol levels, and abdominal obesity. Type 2 diabetes: obesity is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Respiratory problems: such as sleep apnea. Certain cancers: including breast, colon, and endometrial cancers. Musculoskeletal and joint problems: such as osteoarthritis. Psychological impacts: such as depression and anxiety.
[0007] Given the significant health risks associated with obesity, patients with weight imbalance require chronic weight management strategies. Although various methods for weight management exist, they often fail to fully meet clinical needs. This shortfall highlights the necessity for new and effective therapies that can prevent, treat, or ameliorate obesity, chronic weight management, weight management and overweight.SUMMARY
[0008] The disclosure provides a therapeutic method involving administering an THR-βmodulator and in combination with GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator that can target fat, achieve weight loss without muscle loss, realize healthy weight reduction, and at the same time has good tolerability. The THR-βmodulator of the present disclosure is disclosed in PCT patent publication WO2024167961A2, and Some of the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator of the present disclosure is disclosed in PCT patent publication WO2025057134A2 and WO2025109387A1, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0009] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating obesity or overweight, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-β modulator, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula I,
[0010] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0011] wherein:
[0012] G is selected from the group consisting of -O-and -C (X9X8) -;
[0013] T is selected from the group consisting of - (C (Rd)2)m-and -O- (C (Rd)2)m-;
[0014] m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3;
[0015] X is selected from the group consisting of and
[0016] each of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;
[0017] wherein Rc is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-aryl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C0-6 alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted -C3-8 cycloalkyl;
[0018] wherein Rc is optionally substituted with one to ten substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, H and D;
[0019] each of Rd is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl;
[0020] wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;
[0021] wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, and C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0022] wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0023] wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -COOR6, CH2OC (O) OR7, -CONHR6, -CONR7R10, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, -CH2OCONHR6, and
[0024] wherein each of R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30 alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;
[0025] wherein R7is selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl, wherein each of -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;
[0026] or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0027] wherein each of R8and R9is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1-6 alkyl, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of C1-6 alkyl, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of OH, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
[0028] or R8 and R9 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, which is optionally substituted with one to four R6, wherein each R6is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and alkoxy;
[0029] wherein R10 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl, wherien each of the C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
[0030] wherein X8 and X9are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;
[0031] wherein n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3;
[0032] wherein each 5-10 membered heteroaryl has one to four heteroatoms, and each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; and
[0033] wherein each 3-10 membered heterocyclyl has one to four heteroatoms, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.
[0034] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for weight management or chronic weight management, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-β modulator, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula I,
[0035] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0036] wherein:
[0037] G is selected from the group consisting of -O- and -C (X9X8) -;
[0038] T is selected from the group consisting of - (C (Rd)2)m-and -O- (C (Rd)2)m-;
[0039] m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3;
[0040] X is selected from the group consisting of and
[0041] each of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;
[0042] wherein Rc is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-aryl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C0-6 alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted -C3-8 cycloalkyl;
[0043] wherein Rc is optionally substituted with one to ten substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, H and D;
[0044] each of Rd is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl;
[0045] wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;
[0046] wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, and C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0047] wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0048] wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -COOR6, CH2OC (O) OR7, -CONHR6, -CONR7R10, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, -CH2OCONHR6, and
[0049] wherein R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;
[0050] wherein R7is selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl, wherein each of -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;
[0051] or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0052] wherein each of R8and R9is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1-6 alkyl, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of C1-6 alkyl, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of OH, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
[0053] or R8 and R9 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, which is optionally substituted with one to four R6, wherein each R6is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and alkoxy;
[0054] wherein R10 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl, wherien each of C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
[0055] wherein X8 and X9are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;
[0056] wherein n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3;
[0057] wherein 5-10 membered heteroaryl has one to four heteroatoms, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; and
[0058] wherein 3-10 membered heterocyclyl has one to four heteroatoms, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.
[0059] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and the THR-βmodulator of any one of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient thereof.Brief Description of Drawings
[0060] Fig. 1 shows Compounds 75-2 exhibited synergistic effects on reduced body weight when combined with semaglutide after 14 days of treatment.
[0061] Fig. 2 shows Compounds 75-2 and 75-3 exhibited a synergistic effect on reduced body weight when administered alongside tirzepatide after 18 days.
[0062] Fig. 3 shows the body weight change of Example 3.
[0063] Fig. 4 shows the plasma CHOL of Example 3.
[0064] Fig. 5 show the plasma LDL-C of Example 3.
[0065] Fig. 6 shows the body fat percentage changes at the endpoint vs baseline of Example 3.
[0066] Fig. 7 shows the lean mass percentage changes at the endpoint vs baseline of Example 3.
[0067] Fig. 8 shows the body weight change of Example 4.
[0068] Fig. 9 shows the liver CHOL of Example 4.
[0069] Fig. 10 shows the liver TG of Example 4.
[0070] Fig. 11 show the plasma LDL-C of Example 4.
[0071] Fig. 12 shows the body fat percentage changes at the endpoint vs baseline of Example 4.
[0072] Fig. 13 shows the lean mass percentage changes at the endpoint vs baseline of Example 4.Detailed Description
[0073] Definition
[0074] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. A dash at the front or end of a chemical group is a matter of convenience to indicate the point of attachment to a parent moiety; chemical groups may be depicted with or without one or more dashes without losing their ordinary meaning. A prefix such as “Cu-v” or “Cu-Cv” indicates that the following group has from u to v carbon atoms, where u and v are integers. For example, “C1-6 alkyl” or “C1-C6 alkyl” indicates that the alkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0075] “Alkyl” is a monovalent or divalent linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon radical. For example, an alkyl group can have 1 to 10 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-10 alkyl) or 1 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-8 alkyl) or 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-6 alkyl) or 1 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-4 alkyl) . Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to,methyl (Me, -CH3) , ethyl (Et, -CH2CH3) , 1-propyl (n-Pr, n-propyl, -CH2CH2CH3) , 2-propyl (i-Pr, i-Propyl, -CH (CH3)2) , 1-butyl (n-Bu, n-butyl, -CH2CH2CH2CH3) , 2-methyl-1-propyl (i-Bu, i-butyl, -CH2CH (CH3)2) , 2-butyl (s-Bu, s-butyl, -CH(CH3) CH2CH3) , 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-Bu, t-butyl, -C (CH3)3) , 1-pentyl (n-pentyl, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3) , 2-pentyl (-CH (CH3) CH2CH2CH3) , 3-pentyl (-CH (CH2CH3)2) , 2-methyl-2-butyl (-C (CH3)2CH2CH3) , 3-methyl-2-butyl (-CH (CH3) CH (CH3)2) , 3-methyl-1-butyl (-CH2CH2CH (CH3)2) , 2-methyl-1-butyl (-CH2CH (CH3) CH2CH3) , 1-hexyl (-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3) , 2-hexyl (-CH (CH3) CH2CH2CH2CH3) , 3-hexyl (-CH (CH2CH3) (CH2CH2CH3) ) , 2-methyl-2-pentyl (-C (CH3)2CH2CH2CH3) , 3-methyl-2-pentyl (-CH (CH3) CH (CH3) CH2CH3) , 4-methyl-2-pentyl (-CH (CH3) CH2CH (CH3)2) , 3-methyl-3-pentyl (-C (CH3) (CH2CH3)2) , 2-methyl-3-pentyl (-CH (CH2CH3) CH (CH3)2) , 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl (-C (CH3)2CH (CH3)2) , 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl (-CH (CH3) C (CH3)3, and octyl (- (CH2)7CH3) . Alkyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0076] “Alkenyl” is a monovalent or divalent linear or branched hydrocarbon radical with at least one carbon-carbon double bond. For example, an alkenyl group can have 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-8 alkenyl) or 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-6 alkenyl) or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-4 alkenyl) . Examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl (-CH=CH2) , allyl (-CH2CH=CH2) , and -CH2-CH=CH-CH3. Alkenyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0077] “Alkynyl” is a monovalent or divalent linear or branched hydrocarbon radical with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. For example, an alkynyl group can have 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-8 alkynyl) or 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-6 alkynyl) or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-4 alkynyl) . Examples of alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, acetylenyl (-C≡CH) , propargyl (-CH2C≡CH) , and -CH2-C≡C-CH3. Alkynyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0078] “Alkoxy” refers to the group-O-alkyl, where alkyl is as defined above. For example, C1-4 alkoxy refers to an-O-alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons. Alkoxy groups can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0079] “Halogen” or “Halo” refers to fluoro (-F) , chloro (-Cl) , bromo (-Br) and iodo (-I) .
[0080] “Haloalkyl” is an alkyl as defined herein, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl are independently replaced by a halogen, which may be the same or different, such that the alkyl is divalent. The alkyl group and the halogen can be any of those described above. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl defines the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl portion, e.g., C1-4 haloalkyl includes CF3, CH2F, CHF2, CH2CF3, CH2CH2CF3, CCl2CH2CH2CH3, and C (CH3)2 (CF2H) . Haloalkyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0081] “Aryl” as used herein refers to a monovalent or divalent single all carbon aromatic ring or a multiple condensed all carbon ring system wherein the ring is aromatic. For example, in some embodiments, an aryl group has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, 6 to 14 carbon atoms, 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Aryl includes a phenyl radical. Aryl also includes multiple condensed ring systems (e.g., ring systems comprising 2, 3 or 4 rings) having about 9 to 20 carbon atoms in which multiple rings are aromatic. The rings of the multiple condensed ring system can be connected to each other via fused bonds when allowed by valency requirements. It is also understood that when reference is made to a certain atom-range membered aryl (e.g., 6-10 membered aryl) , the atom range is for the total ring atoms of the aryl. For example, a6-membered aryl would include phenyl and a 10-membered aryl would include naphthyl. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and the like. Aryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0082] “5-10 membered heteroaryl” or “heteroaryl” refers to a single aromatic ring that has at least one atom other than carbon in the ring, wherein the atom is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; “5-10 membered heteroaryl” also includes multiple condensed ring systems that have at least one such aromatic ring, which multiple condensed ring systems are further described below. Thus, “5-10 membered heteroaryl” includes single aromatic rings of from about 1 to 6 carbon atoms and about 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. The sulfur and nitrogen atoms may also be present in an oxidized form provided the ring is aromatic. Exemplary 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring systems include but are not limited to pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl or furyl. “5-10 membered heteroaryl” also includes multiple condensed ring systems (e.g., ring systems comprising 2, 3 or 4 rings) wherein a 5-10 membered heteroaryl group, as defined above, is condensed with one or more rings selected from 5-10 membered heteroaryls (to form for example 1, 8-naphthyridinyl) and aryls (to form, for example, benzimidazolyl or indazolyl) to form the multiple condensed ring system. Thus, a5-10 membered heteroaryl (a single aromatic ring or multiple condensed ring system) can have about 1-20 carbon atoms and about 1-6 heteroatoms within the 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring. For example, tetrazolyl has 1 carbon atom and 4 nitrogen heteroatoms within the ring. The rings of the multiple condensed ring system can be connected to each other via fused bonds when allowed by valency requirements. It is to be understood that the individual rings of the multiple condensed ring system may be connected in any order relative to one another. It is to be understood that the point of attachment for a 5-10 membered heteroaryl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl multiple condensed ring system can be at any suitable atom of the 5-10 membered heteroaryl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl multiple condensed ring system including a carbon atom and a heteroatom (e.g., a nitrogen) . It also to be understood that when a reference is made to a certain atom-range membered (e.g., a5-10 membered heteroaryl) , the atom range is for the total ring atoms of the 5-10 membered heteroaryl and includes carbon atoms and heteroatoms. It is also to be understood that the rings of the multiple condensed ring system may include an aryl ring fused to a heterocyclic ring with saturated or partially unsaturated bonds (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered rings) having from about 1 to 6 annular carbon atoms and from about 1 to 3 annular heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in the ring. For example, a5-10 membered heteroaryl includes thiazolyl and a 5-10 membered heteroaryl includes quinolinyl. Exemplary 5-10 membered heteroaryls include but are not limited to pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, furyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, indazolyl, quinoxalyl, quinazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, thianaphthenyl, pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridinyl, quinazolinyl-4 (3H) -one, triazolyl, and tetrazolyl. 5-10 membered heteroaryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0083] “Cycloalkyl” is a monovalent or divalent single all carbon ring or a multiple condensed all carbon ring system wherein the ring in each instance is a non-aromatic saturated or unsaturated ring. For example, in some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 12 carbon atoms, 3 to 10 carbon atoms, 3 to 8 carbon atoms, 3 to 6 carbon atoms, 3 to 5 carbon atoms, or 3 to 4 carbon atoms. Exemplary single ring cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctyl. Cycloalkyl also includes multiple condensed ring systems (e.g., ring systems comprising 2 rings) having about 7 to 12 carbon atoms. The rings of the multiple condensed ring system can be connected to each other via fused, spiro, or bridged bonds when allowed by valency requirements. Exemplary multiple ring cycloalkyl groups include octahydropentalene, bicyclo [2.2. 1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [2.2.2] oct-2-ene, and spiro [2.5] octane. Cycloalkyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0084] “Heterocyclyl” or “heterocycle” or “heterocycloalkyl” as used herein refers to a single saturated or partially unsaturated non-aromatic ring or a non-aromatic multiple ring system that has at least one heteroatom in the ring (i.e., at least one annular (i.e., ring-shaped) heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur) . Unless otherwise specified, a heterocyclyl group has from 3 to about 20 annular atoms, for example from 3 to 12 annular atoms, for example from 4 to 12 annular atoms, 4 to 10 annular atoms, or 3 to 8 annular atoms, or 3 to 6 annular atoms, or 3 to 5 annular atoms, or 4 to 6 annular atoms, or 4 to 5 annular atoms. Thus, the term includes single saturated or partially unsaturated rings (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7-membered rings) having from about 1 to 6 annular carbon atoms and from about 1 to 3 annular heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in the ring. The rings of the multiple condensed ring (e. g. bicyclic heterocyclyl) system can be connected to each other via fused, spiro and bridged bonds when allowed by valency requirements. Heterocycles include, but are not limited to, azetidine, aziridine, imidazolidine, morpholine, oxirane (epoxide) , oxetane, thietane, piperazine, piperidine, pyrazolidine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, dihydropyridine, tetrahydropyridine, quinuclidine, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro [3.3] heptan-6-yl, 6-oxa-1-azaspiro [3.3] heptan-1-yl, 2-thia-6-azaspiro [3.3] heptan-6-yl, 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptan-2-yl, 2-azabicyclo [3.1. 0] hexan-2-yl, 3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexanyl, 2-azabicyclo [2.1.1] hexanyl, 2-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-yl, 4-azaspiro [2.4] heptanyl, 5-azaspiro [2.4] heptanyl, and the like. Heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0085] The term "binding" means the specific association of the compound of interest to the thyroid hormone receptor. One method of measuring binding in this invention is the ability of the compound to inhibit the association of125I-T3 with a mixture of thyroid hormone receptors using nuclear extracts or purified or partially purified thyroid hormone receptor (for example, alpha or beta) in a heterologous assay.
[0086] The term "energy expenditure" means basal or resting metabolic rate as defined by Schoeller et al, JAppl Physiol. 53 (4) : 955-9 (1982) . Increases in the resting metabolic rate can also be measured using increases in O2 consumption and / or CO2 efflux and / or increases in organ or body temperature.
[0087] The phrase "effective amount" means an amount of a compound or a combination of compounds that ameliorates, attenuates or eliminates one or more of the symptoms of a particular disease or condition or prevents, modifies, or delays the onset of one or more of the symptoms of a particular disease or condition, or has the effect of weight management or chronic weight management.
[0088] The term “effective amount” refers to the amount of active agent that elicits a biological or medicinal response in a subject, including in a tissue or system of the subject, and that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor, nutritionist, or other clinician or caregiver or by a subject, which includes one or more of the following:
[0089] (1) Preventing the condition, for example, preventing a condition in a subject that may be predisposed to the condition but does not yet experience or display the pathology or symptomatology of the condition;
[0090] (2) Inhibiting the condition, for example, inhibiting a condition in an individual that is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the condition (i.e., arresting further development of the pathology and / or symptomatology) ; and
[0091] (3) Ameliorating the condition, for example, ameliorating a condition in an individual that is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the condition, (i.e., reversing the pathology and / or symptomatology) .
[0092] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" includes salts of compounds of Formula I and its prodrugs derived from the combination of a compound of this invention and an organic or inorganic acid or base. Suitable acids include acetic acid, adipic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, (+) -7, 7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-l-methanesulfonic acid, citric acid, 1, 2-ethanedisulfonic acid, dodecyl sulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, hippuric acid, hydrochloride hemiethanolic acid, HBr, HCl, HI, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, methylbromide acid, methyl sulfuric acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, nitric acid, oleic acid, 4, 4'-methylenebis [3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid] , phosphoric acid, polygalacturonic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfosalicylic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, terphthalic acid, andj9-toluenesulfonic acid.
[0093] The term "subject" means an animal.
[0094] The term "animal" includes birds and mammals. In one embodiment a mammal includes a dog, cat, cow, horse, goat, sheep, pig or human. In one embodiment the animal is a human. In another embodiment the animal is a male. In another embodiment the animal is a female.
[0095] The term "prodrug" as used herein refers to any compound that when administered to a biological system generates a biologically active compound as a result of spontaneous chemical reaction (s) , enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction (s) , and / or metabolic chemical reaction (s) , or a combination of each. Standard prodrugs are formed using groups attached to functionality, e.g., HO-, HS-, HOOC-, R2N-, associated with the drug, that cleave in vivo. Standard prodrugs include but are not limited to carboxylate esters where the group is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl as well as esters of hydroxyl, thiol and amines where the group attached is an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, phosphate or sulfate. The groups illustrated are exemplary, not exhaustive, and one skilled in the art could prepare other known varieties of prodrugs. Such prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention fall within this scope. Prodrugs must undergo some form of a chemical transformation to produce the compound that is biologically active or is a precursor of the biologically active compound. In some cases, the prodrug is biologically active, usually less than the drug itself, and serves to improve drug efficacy or safety through improved oral bioavailability, and / or pharmacodynamic half-life, etc. Prodrug forms of compounds may be utilized, for example, to improve bioavailability, improve subject acceptability such as by masking or reducing unpleasant characteristics such as bitter taste or gastrointestinal irritability, alter solubility such as for intravenous use, provide for prolonged or sustained release or delivery, improve ease of formulation, or provide site-specific delivery of the compound. Prodrugs are described in The Organic Chemistry ofDrug Design and Drug Action, by Richard B. Silverman, Academic Press, San Diego, 1992. Chapter 8: "Prodrugs and Drug delivery Systems" pp. 352-401; Design ofProdrugs, edited by H. Bundgaard, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1985; Design ofBiopharmaceutical Properties through Prodrugs and Analogs, Ed. by E. B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, 1977; and Drug Delivery Systems, ed. by R. L. Juliano, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1980.
[0096] The term “administering” means to provide a compound or other therapy, remedy or treatment. For example, a health care practitioner can directly provide a compound to an individual in the form of a sample, or can indirectly provide a compound to an individual by providing an oral or written prescription for the compound. Also, for example, an individual can obtain a compound by themselves without the involvement of a health care practitioner. Administration of the compound may or may not involve the individual actually internalizing the compound. In the case where an individual internalizes the compound the body is transformed by the compound in some way.
[0097] The term "enhanced oral bioavailability" refers to an increase of at least 50%of the absorption of the dose of the parent drug, unless otherwise specified. In an additional aspect the increase in oral bioavailability of the prodrug (compared to the parent drug) is at least 100%, that is a doubling of the absorption. Measurement of oral bioavailability usually refers to measurements of the prodrug, drug, or drug metabolite in blood, plasma, tissues, or urine following oral administration compared to measurements following systemic administration of the compound administered orally.
[0098] The term “prevent, ” “preventing” or “prevention” such as prevention of obesity means prevention of the occurrence or onset of one or more symptoms associated with a particular disorder and does not necessarily mean the complete prevention of a disorder. For example, the term “prevent, ” “preventing” and “prevention” refers to the administration of therapy on a prophylactic or preventative basis to an individual who may ultimately manifest at least one symptom of a disease or condition but who has not yet done so. Such individuals can be identified on the basis of risk factors that are known to correlate with the subsequent occurrence of the disease. Alternatively, prevention therapy can be administered without prior identification of a risk factor, as a prophylactic measure. Delaying the onset of the at least one symptom can also be considered prevention or prophylaxis.
[0099] The term “treat, ” “treating” or “treatment” refers to the administration of therapy to an individual who already manifests at least one symptom of a condition, or who has previously manifested at least one symptom of a condition, or who is identified as at risk of developing a condition. For example, “treating” can include alleviating, abating or ameliorating a condition's symptoms, preventing additional symptoms, ameliorating or preventing the underlying metabolic causes of symptoms, inhibiting the condition, e.g., arresting the development of the condition, relieving the condition, causing regression of the condition, relieving a second condition caused by the first condition, or stopping the symptoms of the condition either prophylacticly and / or therapeutically. For example, the term “treating” in reference to a condition includes a reduction in severity of one or more symptoms associated with a particular condition. Therefore, treating a condition does not necessarily mean a reduction in severity of all symptoms associated with a condition and does not necessarily mean a complete reduction in the severity of one or more symptoms associated with a condition. It has been shown that even modest decreases in weight or related parameters such as BMI, waist circumference and percent body fat, can result in improvement of health, for example, lower blood pressure, improved blood lipid profiles, or a reduction in sleep apnea. For example, the term “treating” also The term "thyroid hormone receptors" (TR or THR) refers to intracellular proteins located in cell nuclei that, following the binding of thyroid hormone, stimulate transcription of specific genes by binding to DNA sequences called thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) . In this manner TR regulates the expression of a wide variety of genes involved in metabolic processes (e.g., cholesterol homeostasis and fatty acid oxidation) and growth and development in many tissues, including liver, muscle and heart. There are at least two forms of TR; TR alpha (on chromosome 17) and TR beta (on chromosome 3) . Each of these isoforms also has two main isoforms: TR alpha-1 and TR alpha-2; and TR beta-1 and TR beta-2, respectively. TRs are high affinity receptors for thyroid hormones, especially triiodothyronine.
[0100] Provided are pharmaceutical compositions a compound useful in the present invention. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention having an oral bioavailability of least 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%or at least 80%.
[0101] “GLP-1R\GIPR dual agonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R and GIPR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of agonism of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0102] “GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R and GCGR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of agonism of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0103] “GLP-1R\GIPR dual antagonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R and GIPR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of antagonist of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0104] “GLP-1R\GCGR dual antagonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R and GCGR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of antagonist of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0105] “GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of agonism of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0106] “GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe antagonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of antagonist of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0107] "GLP-1R agonist / GIPR antagonist" refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GIPR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism and GIPR antagonism.
[0108] “GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism and GCGR antagonism.
[0109] “GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR agonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R antagonism and GCGR agonism.
[0110] GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR agonist refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GIPR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R antagonism and GIPR agonism.
[0111] “GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GIPR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R antagonism and GIPR antagonism.
[0112] “GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R antagonism and GCGR antagonism.
[0113] “GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist” refers to a compound that has activity at the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism, GIPR antagonism and GCGR agonism.
[0114] “GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism, GIPR antagonism and GCGR antagonism.
[0115] “GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism, GIPR agonism and GCGR antagonism.
[0116] “Metabolic diseases” refer to a category of diseases characterized by metabolic disorders due to abnormalities in the body's material or energy metabolism. They are usually diseases involving abnormalities in multiple systems throughout the body. The metabolic diseases herein are specifically related to abnormal fat metabolism, preferably including obesity, overweight, and weight-related conditions.
[0117] BMI (Body Mass Index) is an internationally recognized standard for measuring the degree of body fatness and health. It is calculated by dividing weight (in kilograms) by the square of height (in meters) . The formula is: BMI=weight (kg) / height2 (m2) .
[0118] “obesity” means, with regard to an individual, one having a BMI≥30 kg / m2.
[0119] “Overweight” refers to a person's weight exceeding the healthy weight range, and having a 25 kg / m2≤BMI<30 kg / m2, preferly having a 27 kg / m2≤BMI<30 kg / m2.
[0120] “Weight management” means behaviors, techniques, and physiological processes that contribute to a person’s ability to attain and maintain a healthy weight. A healthy weight for a particular patient may be determined by consultation with a health care professional; In an embodiment, “weight management” means a reduction in body weight and / or change in body fat composition.
[0121] Chronic weight management treatment facilitates patient ability to achieve their healthy weight goals. In an embodiment, “chronic weight management” means, for example, a subject achieves their healthy weight goal and maintains a weight that is within their healthy weight goal range for a period of time. In an embodiment “chronic weight management” means a subject achieves their healthy weight goal and maintains a weight that is within their healthy weight goal range for at least 13 weeks. In an embodiment, a subject achieves their healthy weight goal and maintains a weight within their healthy weight goal range for at least 26 weeks. In an embodiment, “chronic weight management” means a subject achieves their healthy weight goal and maintains a weight within their healthy weight goal range for at least 52 weeks. In an embodiment, “chronic weight management” means a subject achieves their healthy weight goal and maintains a weight within their healthy weight goal range for at least 104 weeks.
[0122] As used herein, “treatment of obesity in an individual in need thereof” refers to a judgment made by a healthcare practitioner that an individual requires or will benefit from treatment of obesity. This judgment is made based on a variety of factors that are in the realm of a healthcare practitioner's expertise, but that includes the knowledge that the individual has a condition that is treatable by the methods of the disclosure. To determine whether an individual is obese one can determine a body weight, a body mass index (BMI) , a waist circumference or a body fat percentage of the individual to determine if the individual meets a body weight threshold, a BMI threshold, a waist circumference threshold or a body fat percentage threshold.
[0123] As used herein, “prevention of obesity in an individual in need thereof” refers to a judgment made by a healthcare practitioner that an individual requires or will benefit from prevention of obesity. This judgment is made based on a variety of factors that are in the realm of a healthcare practitioner's expertise, but that includes the knowledge that the individual has a condition that is treatable by the methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an individual in need of prevention of obesity is an individual who is overweight (also called pre-obese) . In some embodiments, an individual in need of prevention of obesity is an individual who has a family history of obesity. To determine whether an individual is overweight one can determine a body weight, a body mass index (BMI) , a waist circumference or a body fat percentage of the individual to determine if the individual meets a body weight threshold, a BMI threshold, a waist circumference threshold or a body fat percentage threshold.
[0124] “synergistic effect” refers to the situation where the combined use of two or more agents results in an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects when used alone.
[0125] As used herein, the term “greater than” is used interchangeably with the symbol>and the term less than is used interchangeably with the symbol<. Likewise the term less than or equal to is interchangeably with the symbol≦.
[0126] Methods of treatment
[0127] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating obesity or overweight, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-β modulator, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula I,
[0128] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0129] wherein:
[0130] G is selected from the group consisting of -O-and -C (X9X8) -;
[0131] T is selected from the group consisting of - (C (Rd)2)m-and -O- (C (Rd)2)m-;
[0132] m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3;
[0133] X is selected from the group consisting of and
[0134] each of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;
[0135] wherein Rc is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-aryl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C0-6 alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted -C3-8 cycloalkyl;
[0136] wherein Rc is optionally substituted with one to ten substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, H and D;
[0137] each of Rd is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl;
[0138] wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;
[0139] wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, and C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0140] wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0141] wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -COOR6, CH2OC (O) OR7, -CONHR6, -CONR7R10, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, -CH2OCONHR6, and
[0142] wherein each of R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30 alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;
[0143] wherein R7is selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl, wherein each of -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;
[0144] or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0145] wherein each of R8and R9is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1-6 alkyl, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of C1-6 alkyl, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of OH, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
[0146] or R8 and R9 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, which is optionally substituted with one to four R6, wherein each R6is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and alkoxy;
[0147] wherein R10 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl, wherien each of the C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
[0148] wherein X8 and X9are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;
[0149] wherein n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3;
[0150] wherein each 5-10 membered heteroaryl has one to four heteroatoms, and each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; and
[0151] wherein each 3-10 membered heterocyclyl has one to four heteroatoms, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.
[0152] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for weight management or chronic weight management, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-β modulator, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula I,
[0153] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0154] wherein:
[0155] G is selected from the group consisting of -O-and -C (X9X8) -;
[0156] T is selected from the group consisting of - (C (Rd)2)m-and -O- (C (Rd)2)m-;
[0157] m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3;
[0158] X is selected from the group consisting of and
[0159] each of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;
[0160] wherein Rc is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-aryl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C0-6 alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted -C3-8 cycloalkyl;
[0161] wherein Rc is optionally substituted with one to ten substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, H and D;
[0162] each of Rd is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl;
[0163] wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;
[0164] wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, and C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0165] wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0166] wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -COOR6, CH2OC (O) OR7, -CONHR6, -CONR7R10, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, -CH2OCONHR6, and
[0167] wherein R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;
[0168] wherein R7is selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl, wherein each of -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;
[0169] or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0170] wherein each of R8and R9is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1-6 alkyl, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of C1-6 alkyl, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of OH, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
[0171] or R8 and R9 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, which is optionally substituted with one to four R6, wherein each R6is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and alkoxy;
[0172] wherein R10 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl, wherien each of C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
[0173] wherein X8 and X9are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;
[0174] wherein n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3;
[0175] wherein 5-10 membered heteroaryl has one to four heteroatoms, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; and
[0176] wherein 3-10 membered heterocyclyl has one to four heteroatoms, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.
[0177] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is a compound having Formula III:
[0178] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0179] wherein each of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;
[0180] Rc is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted-C0-6alkyl-aryl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted -C3-8 cycloalkyl;
[0181] wherein Rc is optionally substituted with one to ten substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, H and D;
[0182] wherein each of X8, X9, Z1 and Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;
[0183] Z3 is selected from the group consisting of O and-CH2-;
[0184] wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;
[0185] wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, and C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0186] wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0187] wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -CONHR6, -COOR6, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, and -CH2OCONHR6;
[0188] wherein each of R6 and R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl and C1-30alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl and C1-30alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, O-C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, and heteroaryl; or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, and wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.
[0189] In some embodiments, Z3 is O.
[0190] In some embodiments, each ofZ1 and Z2 is H.
[0191] In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.
[0192] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl and C5-10cycloalkyl.
[0193] In some embodiments, Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C0-6 alkyl-aryl, C0-6 alkyl-cycloalkyl, C0-6 alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and C3-8 cycloalkyl; wherein Rc is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0194] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is a compound having Formula IV,
[0195] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0196] wherein each of R1 and R2is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6alkylC6-10aryl, and C1-6alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;
[0197] wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10aryl, and C6-10aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and O-C1-6 alkyl;
[0198] wherein R4is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;
[0199] wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -CONHR6, -COOR6, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, and -CH2OCONHR6;
[0200] wherein each of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8and X9is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo,
[0201] wherein each ofZ1 and Z2is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;
[0202] wherein each of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;
[0203] wherein each of R6 and R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl and C1-30 alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl and C1-30 alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, O-C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, and heteroaryl; or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.
[0204] In some embodiments, each ofZ1 and Z2 is H.
[0205] In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.
[0206] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl and C5-10cycloalkyl.
[0207] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is a compound having Formula V,
[0208] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0209] wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl;
[0210] wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, and C5-10 cycloalkyl;
[0211] wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.
[0212] In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.
[0213] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl and C5-10cycloalkyl.
[0214] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is a compound having Formula VI,
[0215] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0216] wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl; wherein alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0217] wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, and C5-10 cycloalkyl;
[0218] wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl; and
[0219] p is an integer from 0-3.
[0220] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, and C5-10cycloalkyl.
[0221] In some embodiments, R3 is C7-30 alkyl or C5-10cycloalkyl.
[0222] In some embodiments, R4 is C6-10 aryl; and wherein C6-10 aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen and C1-6 alkyl.
[0223] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0224] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0225] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0226] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0227] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is one to three modulators selected from the group consisting of
[0228] (1) a GLP-1R agonist,
[0229] (2) a GLP-1R antagonist,
[0230] (3) a GIPR agonist,
[0231] (4) a GIPR antagonist,
[0232] (5) a GCGR agonist,
[0233] (6) a GCGR antagonist,
[0234] (7) a GLP-1\GIPR dual agonist,
[0235] (8) a GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist
[0236] (9) a GLP-1R\GIPR dual antagonist,
[0237] (10) a GLP-1R\GCGR dual antagonist,
[0238] (11) a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist,
[0239] (12) a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe antagonist,
[0240] (13) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist,
[0241] (14) a GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist,
[0242] (15) a GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR agonist,
[0243] (16) a GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR agonist,
[0244] (17) GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR antagonist,
[0245] (18) GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR antagonist,
[0246] (19) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist,
[0247] (20) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist, and
[0248] (21) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist.
[0249] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of GLP-1R agonist, GIPR agonist, GIPR antagonist, GLP-1R\GIPR dual agonist, GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist, GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist, GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist, GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist, GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist, GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist, and GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist.
[0250] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is a compound having Formula I-1,
[0251] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0252] wherein:
[0253] each of X, Z4 and Z6is independently selected from the group consisting of N and CH;
[0254] Q2 is selected from the group consisting of
[0255] Rn is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl and C1-6 alkoxy;
[0256] m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
[0257] Rz2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-8 cycloalkyl and C1-6 alkyl-C3-8 cycloalkyl; and Rz2 is optionally substituted with substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 alkoxy.
[0258] In some embodiments, Rz2is selected from the group consistingof
[0259] and Rn is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, F, and Cl.
[0260] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is a compound having Formula I-2,
[0261] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0262] wherein:
[0263] X1, X2, and X3 are independently selected from the group consisting of N and C;
[0264] X4,and X5are independently selected from the group consisting of N and C;
[0265] Rm is selected from the group consisting of H and C1-6 alkyl, wherein C1-6alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen;
[0266] Q1 is selected from the group consisting of
[0267] p is 0, 1, 2 and 3;
[0268] Rn1 is C3-8 cycloalkyl;
[0269] Ha is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I;
[0270] Q2 is selected from the group consisting of
[0271] and
[0272] Rz3 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C15 cycloalkyl and C1-C6 alkyl-C3-C15 cycloalkyl.
[0273] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0274] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0275] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0276] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0277] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, Orforglipron, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, HRS-7535, GSBR-1290, CagriSema, Exendin-4, HRS-9531, NA-931, RGT-075, NN-9541, GMA106, HDM1002, Efocipegtrutide, ROSE-010, Noiiglutide, Cotadutide, Froniglutide, Amycretin, RAY1225, ZT002, SAL0112, CT-388, Efinopegdutide, Dapiglutide, Pemvidutide, Bofanglutide, Olatorepatide, VK2735, AMG133, CT-868, Aleniglipron, AZD-9550, AZD5004, PB-718, HM-15275, HDM-1005, NN-6177, LY3493269, RAY002, XW-014, XW-015, Utreglutide, PF-06954522, BI3006337, Bamadutide, DR10627, KN056, TERN-601, CT-996, GS-4571, ID110521156, LY3437943, LY-3537031, HS-10501 and or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0278] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, VK2735, AMG133 and Retatrutide, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, CT-996 and or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0279] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0280] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0281] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, VK2735, AMG133, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, CT-996 and or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0282] and the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0283] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0284] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide and Semaglutide, and the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0285] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0286] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Tirzepatide, and the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0287] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0288] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Semaglutide, and the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0289] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0290] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Tirzepatide, and the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0291] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0292]
[0293] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Semaglutide, and the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0294] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0295] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0296] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0297] and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting
[0298] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0299] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0300] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is
[0301] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0302] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0303] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof; and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, VK2735, AMG133, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, CT-996, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron,
[0304] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0305] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0306] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron and VK2735, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0307] In some embodiments, the method of the present disclosure, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprising any one of the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, and any one of the THR-β modulator, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0308] In some embodiments, the method of the present disclosure, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition A, and an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition B; wherein the pharmaceutical composition A comprising any one of the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and the pharmaceutical composition B comprising any one of the THR-β modulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0309] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, and the THR-βmodulator are administered together, simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.
[0310] In some embodiments, the subject suffers from obesity.
[0311] In some embodiments, the subject needs chronic weight management.
[0312] In some embodiments, the subject needs weight management.
[0313] In some embodiments, the subject is overweight.
[0314] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is administered once daily, twice daily, once weekly, once every two weeks, once monthly, once every two months, once every three months, once every six months, or once annually.
[0315] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered once daily, twice daily, once weekly, once every two weeks, once monthly, once every two months, once every three months, once every six months, or once annually.
[0316] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered once daily, once weekly, or once monthly, and the THR-β modulator is administered once weekly, once every two weeks, or once monthly.
[0317] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, orally, or via inhalation.
[0318] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, orally, or via inhalation.
[0319] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is administered subcutaneously, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered subcutaneously.
[0320] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered at a dose of 0.5 mg to 5 mg once every week, and the THR-β modulator is administered at a dose of 10 mg to 100 mg once every four weeks.
[0321] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Semaglutide.
[0322] In some embodiments, the Semaglutide is administered at a dose of 0.5 mg once every week.
[0323] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0324] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0325] In some embodiments, the THR-β modulator is administered at a dose of 30 mg or 60 mg once every four weeks.
[0326] In some embodiments, the subject with an initial body mass index (BMI) that is less than or equal to 40 kg / m2, preferly less than or equal to 30 kg / m2; preferly less than or equal to 27 kg / m2; preferly less than or equal to 25 kg / m2.
[0327] In some embodiments, the subject has a weight-related condition, preferably wherein the weight-related condition is selected from the group consisting of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol.
[0328] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031 (From the company: Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd) , Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, Orforglipron, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, HRS-7535 (From the company: Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd, CN114805336A) , CagriSema, Exendin-4, HRS-9531 (From the company: Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd) , NA-931 (From the company: Biomed Industries, Inc. ) , RGT-075 (From the patent: WO2022031994 A1) , NN-9541 (From the company: Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd. ) , GMA106 (From the patent: US11780916B2) , HDM1002 (From the company: Hangzhou Zhongmeihuadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd) , Efocipegtrutide, ROSE-010 (From the company: Rose Pharma) , Noiiglutide, Cotadutide, Froniglutide, Amycretin, RAY1225 (From the company: Guangdong Zhongsheng Ruichuang Biotechnology Co. Ltd. ) , ZT002 (From the patent: US20240181016A1) , SAL0112 (From the patent: WO2022068772A1) , CT-388 (From the patent: US20230151074A1) , Efinopegdutide, Dapiglutide, Pemvidutide, Bofanglutide, Olatorepatide, VK2735 (From the patent: WO2023141044A1) , AMG133 (From the reference: Nat Metab. 2024 Feb; 6 (2) : 290-303) , CT-868 (From the patent: US20230151074A1) , Aleniglipron, AZD-9550 (From the company: AstraZeneca) , AZD5004 (From the patent: US11584751B1) , PB-718 (From the company: PegBio Co., Ltd. ) , HM-15275 (From the company: Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ) , HDM-1005 (From the company: Hangzhou Zhongmeihuadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd) , NN-6177 (From the patent: WO2022018185A1) , LY3493269 (From the company: Eli Lilly&Co. ) , RAY002 (From the company: Guangdong Zhongsheng Ruichuang Biotechnology Co. Ltd. ) , XW-014 (From the patent: WO2021244645A1) , XW-015 and XW-015 (From the company: Hangzhou Sciwind Biosciences Co., Ltd. ) Utreglutide, PF-06954522 (From the company: Pfizer Inc. ) , BI3006337 (From the company: Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH) , Bamadutide, DR10627 (From the company: Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd. ) , KN056 (From the patent: WO2022143515A1) , TERN-601 (From the patent: WO2022040600A1) , CT-996 (From the patent: WO2024026338A1) , GS-4571 (From the patent: WO2021081207A1 and WO2022109182A1) , ID110521156 (From the company: Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ) , HS-10501 (From Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) and LY-3537031 (From the company: Eli Lilly&Co. ) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0329] In some embodiments, the subject has one or more conditions selected from the group consisting of obesity or overweight with at least one weight-related condition (such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes or high cholesterol) , unhealthy behaviors, stress, medications, genes, and people’s environment.
[0330] In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered at a dose of about 0.1 mg to about 3 g, or about 1 mg to about 50 mg, or about 50 to about 250 mg, or about 150 to about 500 mg, or about 150 to about 250 mg, or about 250 mg to about 1 g, or about 100 mg to about 2 g, or about 500 mg to about 2 g, or about 500 mg to about 1 g, or about 100 mg to about 300 mg, about 5 mg to about 25 mg, about 20 mg to about 100 mg, about 5 mg to about 100 mg, about 5 mg to about 500 mg, about 50 mg to about 300 mg, about 100 mg to about 200 mg, about 100 mg to about 500 mg, or about 5 mg to about 50 mg;
[0331] In some embodiments, the effective amount of a THR-βmodulator is administered at a dose of about 0.1 mg to about 3 g, or about 1 mg to about 50 mg, or about 50 to about 250 mg, or about 150 to about 500 mg, or about 150 to about 250 mg, or about 250 mg to about 1 g, or about 100 mg to about 2 g, or about 500 mg to about 2 g, or about 500 mg to about 1 g, or about 100 mg to about 300 mg, about 5 mg to about 25 mg, about 20 mg to about 100 mg, about 5 mg to about 100 mg, about 5 mg to about 500 mg, about 50 mg to about 300 mg, about 100 mg to about 200 mg, about 100 mg to about 500 mg, or about 5 mg to about 50 mg;
[0332] Pharmaceutical composition
[0333] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and the THR-βmodulator of the present disclosure, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient thereof.
[0334] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, the stereoisomer, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the deuterated compound thereof of the present disclosure may be prepared with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, the excipients may be selected in accordance with conventional practice. Tablets may contain excipients, including flow aids, fillers, binders, and the like. Aqueous compositions may be prepared in a sterile form and may generally be isotonic when intended to be delivered by means other than oral administration.
[0335] In some embodiments, the compositions may comprise excipients, such as those set forth in Rowe et al, Handbook ofPharmaceutical Excipients, 6th edition, American Pharmacists Association, 2009. Excipients may include ascorbic acid and other antioxidants, chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, carbohydrates such as dextrin, hydroxyalkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylmethylcellulose, stearic acid, and the like. In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in solid dosage forms, including solid oral dosage forms.
[0336] The pharmaceutical composition may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy, including oral administration. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient (e.g., a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical salt thereof) with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by unifor mly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid excipients or finely divided solid excipients or both, and then, if desired, shaping the product. Techniques and formulations generally are found in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa., 2006.
[0337] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure are presented in unit dosage form, including but not limited to capsules, sachets, or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is a tablet.
[0338] The pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein comprises one or more of the compound, the stereoisomer, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the deuterated compound thereof of the present disclosure, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and, optionally, other therapeutic agents. The pharmaceutical compositions containing the active ingredient may be in any form suitable for the intended method of administration. When intended for oral use, for example, tablets, lozenges, ingots, aqueous or oil suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, syrups, or elixirs may be prepared. Compositions for oral use may be prepared according to any method known in the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions, and such compositions may contain one or more excipients, including sweeteners, flavoring agents, coloring agents, and preservatives, to provide palatable formulations. Tablets containing the active ingredient with a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient are acceptable and said excipient is suitable for the production of tablets. These excipients may be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, povidone, calcium or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, such as cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Tablets may be uncoated or may be coated by known techniques including microencapsulation to delay disintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax may be employed.
[0339] The amount of active ingredients that may be combined with the inactive ingredients to produce a dosage form may vary depending upon the intended treatment subject and the mode of administration. For example, in some embodiments, a dosage form for oral administration to humans may contain approximately 1 to 1000 mg of active material formulated with an appropriate and convenient amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient varies from about 5%to about 95%of the total compositions (weight: weight) .
[0340] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure does not contain an agent that affects the rate at which the active ingredient is metabolized. Thus, it is understood that pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present disclosure in one aspect do not comprise an agent that would affect (e.g., slow, hinder or retard) the metabolism of a compound of the present disclosure or any other active ingredient administered separately, sequentially or simultaneously with a compound of the present disclosure. It is also understood that any of the methods, kits, articles of manufacture, and the like detailed herein in one aspect do not comprise an agent that would affect (e.g., slow, hinder or retard) the metabolism of a compound of the present disclosure or any other active ingredient administered separately, sequentially or simultaneously with a compound of the present disclosure.
[0341] In some embodiments, the above-described pharmaceutical compositions are for use in humans or animals.
[0342] The present disclosure also includes compounds of the present disclosure which are administered as a single active ingredient of a pharmaceutically acceptable composition that may be prepared by conventional methods known in the art, for example, by combining the active ingredient to a pharmaceutically acceptable, therapeutically inert organic and / or inorganic carrier or excipient, or by mixing therewith.
[0343] The present disclosure provided herein are uses of the compounds of the present disclosure as a second or other active ingredient, said second or other active ingredient being synergistic with other active ingredients in known drugs, or the compounds of the present disclosure being administered with such drugs.
[0344] The compounds of the present disclosure may also be used in the form of a prodrug or other suitably modified form that releases the active ingredient in vivo.
[0345] Synthesis of compounds of the present application
[0346] The synthesis of the THR-βmodulator refers to PCT publication WO2024167961A2 and US20240294561A1. The entire contents of WO2024167961A2 and US20240294561A1 are incorporated herein by reference.
[0347] The GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulators can be purchased commercially or synthesized refers to the patents: WO2022017338, US11492365B2, WO2018056453A1, WO2022040600, WO2021242817, WO2022031994, WO2021018023, WO2021154796, WO2021081207, WO2021197464, WO2021254470, WO2022007979, WO2023141044A1 and WO2022199458.
[0348] For example, the synthesis of the following compounds refers to WO2025057134A2:
[0349] The entire contents ofWO2025057134A2 is incorporated herein by reference.
[0350] The synthesis of the following compounds refers to WO2025109387A1:
[0351] The entire contents ofWO2025109387A1 is incorporated herein by reference.
[0352] Biological Examples
[0353] Example 1: In vivo body weight reduction of the THR-β modulator in combination with semaglutide in mice DIO model
[0354] THR-βmodulator: Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (including 75-1, 75-2, 75-3, 75-4, 75-5, and 75-6) .
[0355] Mice and model:
[0356] Five-week-old male mice (C57BL / 6J) were fed a high-fat diet (D12492 [Research Diets, Inc. ] ) with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (20-24℃, 30%-70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 15-16 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity (mean starting weight about 49 g [range 45.0-53.2 g] ) . Mice were grouped according to body weight and body fat percentage before the DIO studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0357] Based on body weight and fat percentage, animals were randomly divided into 5 groups including C57BL / 6 vehicle control (Lean mice) ; DIO Vehicle group; semaglutide (30 nmol / kg, QD*2W, s. c. ) ; Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (15 mg / kg, Q2W*2W, s.c) ; Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (15 mg / kg, Single dose) combined with Semaglutide (30nmol / kg, QD*2W, s.c. ) . The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0358] Note:
[0359] a. ROA: route of administration; s.c.: subcutaneous; Q2W: once every two weeks; QD: once daily; Q2W*2W: once every two weeks, the administration lasted for two weeks, with one dose.
[0360] Results:
[0361] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof thereof exhibited synergistic effects on reduced body weight when combined with semaglutide after 14 days of treatment.
[0362] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 exhibited synergistic effects on reduced body weight when combined with semaglutide after 14 days of treatment (as show in Fig. 1) .
[0363] Example 2: In vivo body weight reduction of the THR-β modulator in combination with tirzepatide in mice DIO model
[0364] THR-βmodulator: Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (including 75-1, 75-2, 75-3, 75-4, 75-5, and 75-6) .
[0365] Five-week-old male mice (C57BL / 6J) were fed a high-fat diet (D12492 [Research Diets, Inc. ] ) with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (20-24℃, 30%-70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 15-16 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity (mean starting weight about 49 g [range 45.0-53.2 g] ) . Mice were grouped according to body weight and body fat percentage before the DIO studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0366] Based on body weight and fat percentage, animals were randomly divided into 5 groups including C57BL / 6 vehicle control (Lean mice) ; DIO Vehicle group; tirzepatide (3 nmol / kg, QD*18, s. c. ) ; Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (15 mg / kg, QW*2 doses, s. c) ; Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (15 mg / kg, QW*2 doses) combined with tirzepatide (3nmol / kg, QD*18, s. c. ) . The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0367] Note:
[0368] a. ROA: route of administration; s. c. : subcutaneous; QW*2 doses: once every week, with two doses; QD*18 days: once daily, with 18 days;
[0369] b. The baseline of body weight measurement was established on the first day of compound administration.
[0370] Results:
[0371] The results indicated that compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect on reduced body weight when administered alongside tirzepatide after 18 days.
[0372] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect on reduced body weight when administered alongside tirzepatide after 18 days (as show in Fig. 2) .
[0373] Example 3: In vivo metabolic indicators of the THR-β modulator (3 mg / kg, Q4W*4W, s. c) in combination with semaglutide in mice DIO model THR-βmodulator: Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (including 75-1, 75-2, 75-3, 75-4, 75-5, and 75-6) .
[0374] Mice and model:
[0375] Five-week-old male mice (C57BL / 6J) [Gem Pharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet (D12492 [Research Diets, Inc. ] ) with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (21-25℃, 30%-70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 16-17 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity (mean starting weight about 49 g [range 44.6-53.1 g] ) . Mice were grouped according to body weight and body fat percentage before the DIO (diet-induced obesity) studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0376] Study design
[0377] Base on body weight and fat percentage, animals were randomly divided into 7 groups (N=5-9 in each group) including C57BL / 6 vehicle control (Lean mice) ; DIO Vehicle group; Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (3 mg / kg, Q4W*4W, s. c) ; semaglutide (30 nmol / kg, QD*4W, s. c. ) ; Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (3 mg / kg, Q4W*4W, s. c) combined with semaglutide (30 nmol / kg, QD*4W, s. c. ) ; The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0378] Note: ROA: route of administration; s. c. : subcutaneous; Q4W: once a month; QD: once daily
[0379] Body weight measurement
[0380] During the treatment period in DIO studies, animal’s body weight were recorded daily in the morning before afternoon dosing.
[0381] Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol measurement
[0382] On Day28, 4 weeks after administration, mice were fasted for 5~6h and sacrificed. heart blood were collected and plasma were isolated, Cholesterol (Chol) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) were detected by biochemical analyzer (Hitachi, 3500) .
[0383] Results:
[0384] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect on body weight reduction when combined with semaglutide.
[0385] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect on body weight reduction when combined with semaglutide (as show in Fig. 3) .
[0386] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced cholesterol. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide.
[0387] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced plasma cholesterol. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide (as show in Fig. 4) .
[0388] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced LDL-C. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide.
[0389] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced LDL-C. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide (as show in Fig. 5) .
[0390] The results indicated that Compound 75, its stereoisomers when combined with semaglutide, could significantly reduce body fat while increasing lean body weight and preserving relative lean mass, showing a better effect compared to the use of semaglutide alone.
[0391] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 when combined with semaglutide, could significantly reduce body fat while increasing lean body weight and preserving relative lean mass, showing a better effect compared to the use of semaglutide alone (as show in Fig. 6&Fig. 7) .
[0392] Example 4: In vivo metabolic indicators of the THR-β modulator (9 mg / kg, Q2W*4W, s. c) in combination with semaglutide in mice DIO model
[0393] THR-βmodulator: Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (including 75-1, 75-2, 75-3, 75-4, 75-5, and 75-6) .
[0394] Mice and model:
[0395] Five-week-old male mice (C57BL / 6J) [Gem Pharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet (D12492 [Research Diets, Inc. ] ) with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (21-25℃, 30%-70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 16-17 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity (mean starting weight about 49 g [range 44.6-53.1 g] ) . Mice were grouped according to body weight and body fat percentage before the DIO (diet-induced obesity) studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0396] Study design
[0397] Base on body weight and fat percentage, animals were randomly divided into 7 groups (N=5-10 in each group) including C57BL / 6 vehicle control (Lean mice) ; DIO Vehicle group; Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (9 mg / kg, Q2W*4W, s. c) ; semaglutide (30 nmol / kg, QD*4W, s. c. ) ; Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (9 mg / kg, Q2W*4W, s. c) combined with semaglutide (30 nmol / kg, QD*4W, s. c. ) . The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0398] Note:
[0399] a. ROA: route of administration; s. c. : subcutaneous; Q2W: once every two weeks;
[0400] QD: once daily
[0401] Body weight measurement
[0402] During the treatment period in DIO studies, animals’ body weight were recorded daily in the morning before afternoon dosing.
[0403] Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol measurement
[0404] On Day 29, 4 weeks after administration, mice were fasted for 5~6h and sacrificed. heart blood were collected and plasma were isolated, Cholesterol (Chol) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) were detected by biochemical analyzer (Hitachi, 3500) .
[0405] Body fat weight and lean body weight measurement.
[0406] On Day29, Body fat weight and lean body weight were measured.
[0407] Results:
[0408] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect on body weight reduction when combined with semaglutide.
[0409] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect on body weight reduction when combined with semaglutide (as show in Fig. 8) .
[0410] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced liver cholesterol. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof, or isomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide.
[0411] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced liver cholesterol. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide (as show in Fig. 9) .
[0412] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced TG. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide.
[0413] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced TG. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide (as show in Fig. 10) .
[0414] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced LDL-C. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide.
[0415] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced LDL-C. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with semaglutide (as show in Fig. 11) .
[0416] The results indicated that Compound 75, its stereoisomers when combined with semaglutide, could significantly reduce body fat while increasing lean body weight and preserving relative lean mass, showing a better effect compared to the use of semaglutide alone.
[0417] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 when combined with semaglutide, could significantly reduce body fat while increasing lean body weight and preserving relative lean mass, showing a better effect compared to the use of semaglutide alone (as show in Fig. 12&Fig. 13) .
[0418] Note: In the above Figs. 1-6, Data were presented as Mean, One way ANOVA followed by Tukey test by Prism GraphPad; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.
[0419] Example 5: Clinical Data: A study to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of THR-β modulator in combination with semaglutide.
[0420] This Example illustrates an ongoing Phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the safety, tolerability and efficacy of a single-dose, ultra-long-acting subcutaneously administered THR-βmodulator of the present disclosure in combination with four weekly doses of 0.5 mg semaglutide in participants with obesity, compared to volume-matched placebo in combination with four weekly doses of 0.5 mg semaglutide. The treatment duration was four weeks and the follow-up period was six weeks. The study, conducted in the U. S., enrolled 28 participants with obesity. Study objectives included evaluations of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, assessment of weight losses of three different single doses (10 mg, 30 mg and 60 mg) of THR-βmodulator of the present disclosure in combination with four weekly doses of 0.5 mg semaglutide. The effect on fat and lean mass was not an objective of this study given the short treatment duration (28 days) .
[0421] RESULTS:
[0422] On day 29, a single SQ dose of 30 mg Compound 75-2in combination with four weekly doses of 0.5 mg semaglutide (N=6) demonstrated a 56.2%greater relative reduction in body weight compared to four weekly doses of 0.5 mg semaglutide monotherapy (N=7) .
[0423] On day 29, four weekly doses of semaglutide monotherapy demonstrated a 2.5%reduction in body weight from baseline, consistent with the reported data in the literature. Both 30 mg and 60 mg Compound 75-2 demonstrated significant target engagement to THRβby the measurement of sex hormone binding globulin SHBG.
[0424] On day 29, there were significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in 30 mg and 60 mg Compound 75-2 group compared to semaglutide monotherapy group.
[0425] Compound 75-2 significantly reduced body weight rebound after treatment discontinuation. On day 57 (4 weeks after treatment discontinuation) , 30 mg Compound 75-2 group (N=6) demonstrated a 157.1%greater relative reduction in body weight compared to the semaglutide monotherapy group (N=7) , and 60 mg Compound 75-2 group (N=9) demonstrated a 110.4%greater relative reduction in body weight compared to the semaglutide monotherapy group (N=7) . In a pooled patient analysis of both cohorts, Compound 75-2 group (N=15) demonstrated a 129.9%greater relative reduction in body weight compared to the semaglutide monotherapy group (N=7) . As expected, in the semaglutide monotherapy group, weight loss from baseline observed on day 29 (2.5%) rebounded 68%to only 0.8%four weeks after patients came off semaglutide treatment. These topline data support the potential use of once-monthly Compound 75-2monotherapy as a maintenance therapy.
[0426] Compound 75-2 in combination with semaglutide was safe and well tolerated. The gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability of Compound 75-2 in combination with semaglutide was significantly improved compared to semaglutide monotherapy. The incidence of vomiting was 6.7%in Compound 75-2 in combination with semaglutide group compared to 57.1%in the semaglutide monotherapy group. Results of all thyroid function tests including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) , free triiodothyronine (FT3) , total triiodothyronine (TT3) , free thyroxine (FT4) and total thyroxine (TT4) were within normal limits and no thyroid-related TEAEs were reported. All telemetry assessments and ECGs were within normal limits. No heart rate and QTc increases were observed.
[0427] Example 6 In vitro activity evaluation of GLP-1R modulator
[0428] hGLP-1R cAMP Assay
[0429] 1. Cell line and reagent preparation
[0430] 1) Cell line: Flp-In-293-GLP1R
[0431] 2) Medium: DMEM+10%FBS+1 X Penicillin-Streptomycin+200μg / mL HB
[0432] 3) Test buffer: 1 X HBSS+20 mM HEPES+0.1%BSA+500μM IBMX
[0433] 2. Agonist test
[0434] a) Flpin-293-GLP1R cells were incubated in a 384-well assay plate (6007680-50, PE) using a complete medium with 2, 000 cells per well.
[0435] b) Prepared a 4 X complex working solution with assay buffer.
[0436] c) Added 5μL of 4 X Compound Working Solution to the cell plate and incubated at 37℃ for 30 minutes.
[0437] d) Diluted the Eu-cAMP tracer (1 / 50) with lysis buffer and added 10μl / well to the assay plate.
[0438] e) Diluted Ulight-anti-cAMP (1 / 150) with lysis buffer and added 10μl / well to the assay plate.
[0439] f) The assay plate was incubated at constant temperature for 1 hour.
[0440] g) Read the plate on Envision 2105 plate reader at 665 nM and 615 nM.
[0441] 3. Data Analysis
[0442] 3.1 The formula for calculating%Activity was as follows
[0443] %Activity=100- (Signalcmpd-SignalAve_PC) / (SignalAve_VC-SignalAve_PC) ×100.
[0444] 3.2 Calculate EC50 and plot the effect-dose curve for cmpds:
[0445] Y=Bottom+ (Top-Bottom) / (1+10^ ( (LogEC50-X) *HillSlope))
[0446] X: logarithm of agonist concentration;
[0447] Y: percentage activity.
[0448] Table 2 shows the biological activity of the compounds in the hGLP-1R agonist cAMP stimulation assay.
[0449] Table 2. Bioactivity of different compounds in hGLP-1R agonist cAMP stimulation assay
[0450] Example 7. Pharmacokinetic studies of GLP-1R modulator
[0451] Pharmacokinetic studies in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats
[0452] 1. Single-dose subcutaneous injection pharmacokinetic studies Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats
[0453] Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies after a single-dose subcutaneous injection for compounds: 1, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21 and orforglipron. Protocol: Animals: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; Vehicle: 80%MCT (Medium-Chain Triglycerides) +20%benzyl alcohol; Dose: 30 mg / kg in the vehicle; Dosing concentration: 30 mg / mL; Dosing volume: 1mL / kg; Administration site: Subcutaneous injection at the back of the animal. Blood sampling time points: pre-dose, 1h, 2h, 8h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 216h, 312h, 480h, 696h. Blood samples were collected, and the blood samples were analyzed by LC-MS / MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Phoenix WinNonlin 8.0 and summarized in Table 3.
[0454] Table 3. Drug exposure of different compounds after a single-dose subcutaneous injection
[0455] Note: AUC0-696h is an important pharmacokinetic parameter, representing the area under the curve from 0 hour to the study endpoint time 696 hours, which indicates the drug exposure in the body during that time period.
[0456] The structure of orforglipron is shown above.
[0457] 2. Single-dose oral administration pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats
[0458] Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies after a single-dose oral administration for compounds. Protocol: Animals: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; Solvent: Solutol: PEG400: Tween80: Saline=10: 40: 2: 48 (v / v / v / v) ; Dose: 5 mg / kg; Dosing concentration: 0.5 mg / mL in the solvent; Dosing volume: 10mL / kg; Blood sampling time points: pre-dose, 0.25h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 18, 24h, 32h, 40h, 48h. Sample Collection: At each time point, approximately 0.15 mL of blood was drawn from the jugular vein sinus, and the collected whole blood was placed in an anticoagulant tube containing EDTA-K2. After collecting blood samples, they were processed with protein precipitation and then analyzed by LC-MS / MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Phoenix WinNonlin 8.0 and summarized in Table 4.
[0459] Table 4. Pharmacokinetic parameters of different compounds after a single-dose oral administration
[0460] Note: Cmax refers to the maximum plasma concentration of a drug after administration
[0461] Example 8. In vivo body weight reduction of GLP-1R agonists in group A monotherapy and combined with Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof in humanized GLP-1R DIO (Diet-induced-obesity) mice model THR-βmodulator: Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (including 75-1, 75-2, 75-3, 75-4, 75-5, and 75-6) .
[0462] GLP-1R agonists in group A:
[0463] Mice and model:
[0464] Five-week-old male humanized GLP-1R mice [GemPharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (21-25℃, 30%–70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 14-16 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity. Mice were grouped according to body weight and body composition before the DIO studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0465] Study design
[0466] Base on body weight, animals were randomly divided into 7 groups (N=7 in each group) including lean hGLP-1R mice group, hGLP-1R DIO model group and hGLP-1R DIO mice with different treatments. The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0467] Note:
[0468] 1. DIO: Diet induced obesity;
[0469] 2. ROA: Route of administration;
[0470] 3. SC: subcutaneously; PO: orally;
[0471] 4.QD: Every day;
[0472] Body weight and food intake detection
[0473] During the treatment period (14 days) in DIO studies, animals’ body weight and food intake were recorded daily in the morning.
[0474] Results:
[0475] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect on body weight reduction when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0476] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect on body weight reduction when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0477] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced liver cholesterol. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0478] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced liver cholesterol. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0479] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced TG. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0480] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced TG. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0481] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced LDL-C. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0482] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced LDL-C. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0483] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A, could significantly reduce body fat while increasing lean body weight and preserving relative lean mass, showing a better effect compared to the use of GLP-1R agonists in group A or Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof alone.
[0484] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A, could significantly reduce body fat while increasing lean body weight and preserving relative lean mass, showing a better effect compared to the use of GLP-1R agonists in group A or Compounds 75-2 alone.
[0485] Example 9. In vivo body weight reduction of GLP-1R agonists in group A monotherapy and combined with Compound 75, stereoisomers in humanized GLP-1R DIO (Diet-induced-obesity) mice model
[0486] THR-βmodulator: Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (including 75-1, 75-2, 75-3, 75-4, 75-5, and 75-6) .
[0487] GLP-1R agonists in group A:
[0488] Mice and model:
[0489] Five-week-old male humanized GLP-1R mice [GemPharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (21-25℃, 30%–70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 14-16 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity. Mice were grouped according to body weight and body composition before the DIO studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0490] Study design
[0491] Base on body weight, animals were randomly divided into 7 groups (N=7 in each group) including lean hGLP-1R mice group, hGLP-1R DIO model group and hGLP-1R DIO mice with different treatments. The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0492] Note:
[0493] 1. DIO: Diet induced obesity;
[0494] 2. ROA: Route of administration;
[0495] 3. SC: subcutaneously;
[0496] Body weight and food intake detection
[0497] During the treatment period (14 days) in DIO studies, animals’ body weight and food intake were recorded daily in the morning.
[0498] Results:
[0499] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect on body weight reduction when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0500] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect on body weight reduction when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0501] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced liver cholesterol. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0502] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced liver cholesterol. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0503] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced TG. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0504] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced TG. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0505] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof significantly reduced LDL-C. Additionally, Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0506] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 significantly reduced LDL-C. Additionally, Compounds 75-2 exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A.
[0507] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A, could significantly reduce body fat while increasing lean body weight and preserving relative lean mass, showing a better effect compared to the use of GLP-1R agonists in group A or Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof alone.
[0508] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A, could significantly reduce body fat while increasing lean body weight and preserving relative lean mass, showing a better effect compared to the use of GLP-1R agonists in group A or Compounds 75-2 alone.
[0509] Example 10. In vivo body weight reduction of GLP-1R agonists in group B monotherapy and combined with Compound 75, stereoisomers in humanized GLP-1R DIO (Diet-induced-obesity) mice model
[0510] THR-βmodulator: Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof (including 75-1, 75-2, 75-3, 75-4, 75-5, and 75-6) .
[0511] GLP-1R agonists in group B:
[0512] Mice and model:
[0513] Five-week-old male humanized GLP-1R mice [GemPharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (21-25℃, 30%–70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 14-16 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity. Mice were grouped according to body weight and body composition before the DIO studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0514] Study design
[0515] Base on body weight, animals were randomly divided (N=7 in each group) including lean hGLP-1R mice group, hGLP-1R DIO model group and hGLP-1R DIO mice with different treatments. The details of dosing information were shown as below. Note:1. DIO: Diet induced obesity;2. ROA: Route of administration;3. SC: subcutaneously; PO: orally;4. QD: Every day;
[0516] Body weight and food intake detection
[0517] During the treatment period (14 days) in DIO studies, animals’ body weight and food intake were recorded daily in the morning.
[0518] Results:
[0519] The results indicated that Compound 75, stereoisomers thereof when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group B, could significantly reduce body weight, showing a better effect compared to the use of GLP-1R agonists in group B or Compounds 75-2 alone.
[0520] The results indicated that Compounds 75-2 when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group B, could significantly reduce body weight, showing a better effect compared to the use of GLP-1R agonists in group B or Compounds 75-2 alone.
Claims
1.A method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating obesity or overweight, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula I, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,wherein:G is selected from the group consisting of -O- and -C (X9X8) -;T is selected from the group consisting of - (C (Rd)2)m- and -O- (C (Rd)2)m-;m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3;X is selected from the group consisting ofeach of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;wherein Rc is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-aryl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C0-6 alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted -C3-8 cycloalkyl;wherein Rc is optionally substituted with one to ten substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, H and D;each of Rd is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl;wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, and C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -COOR6, CH2OC (O) OR7, -CONHR6, -CONR7R10, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, -CH2OCONHR6, andwherein each of R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30 alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;wherein R7is selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl, wherein each of -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;wherein each of R8andR9is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1-6 alkyl, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of C1-6 alkyl, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of OH, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;or R8 and R9 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, which is optionally substituted with one to four R6, wherein each R6is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and alkoxy;wherein R10 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl, wherien each of the C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;wherein X8 and X9are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;wherein n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3;wherein each 5-10 membered heteroaryl has one to four heteroatoms, and each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; andwherein each 3-10 membered heterocyclyl has one to four heteroatoms, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.2.A method for weight management or chronic weight management, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula I, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,wherein:G is selected from the group consisting of -O- and -C (X9X8) -;T is selected from the group consisting of - (C (Rd)2)m- and -O- (C (Rd)2)m-;m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3;X is selected from the group consisting ofandeach of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;wherein Rc is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-aryl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C0-6 alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted -C3-8 cycloalkyl;wherein Rc is optionally substituted with one to ten substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, H and D;each of Rd is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl;wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, and C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -COOR6, CH2OC (O) OR7, -CONHR6, -CONR7R10, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, -CH2OCONHR6, andwherein R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl, and C1-30alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;wherein R7is selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl, wherein each of -C1-30 alkyl, -C2-30 alkenyl, -C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) C1-30 alkyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) C2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) OC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkenyl, -C (O) OC2-30 alkynyl, -C (O) NRcC1-30 alkyl, -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkenyl, and -C (O) NRcC2-30 alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of -O-C1-30 alkyl, -S-C1-30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C1-3 alkyl;or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;wherein each of R8andR9is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1-6 alkyl, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each of C1-6 alkyl, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of OH, halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;or R8 and R9 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, which is optionally substituted with one to four R6, wherein each R6is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and alkoxy;wherein R10 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl, wherien each of C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, - (CH2)n C3-10cycloalkyl, - (CH2)n aryl, and - (CH2)n heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C1-3 alkyl, -S-C1-3 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl;wherein X8 and X9are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;wherein n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3;wherein 5-10 membered heteroaryl has one to four heteroatoms, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; andwherein 3-10 membered heterocyclyl has one to four heteroatoms, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.3.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula III: or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,wherein each of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;Rc is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted-C0-6alkyl-aryl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C0-6alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted -C3-8 cycloalkyl;wherein Rc is optionally substituted with one to ten substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, H and D;wherein each ofX8, X9, Z1 and Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;Z3 is selected from the group consisting of O and-CH2-;wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, and C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -CONHR6, -COOR6, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, and -CH2OCONHR6;wherein each of R6 and R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl and C1-30alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl and C1-30alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, O-C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, and heteroaryl; or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, and wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.4.The method of claims 3, wherein Z3 is O.5.The method of any one of claims3-4, wherein each ofZ1 and Z2 is H.6.The method of any one of claims 3-5, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.7.The method of any one of claims 3-6, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl and C5-10cycloalkyl.8.The method of any one of claims 3-7, wherein Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C0-6 alkyl-aryl, C0-6 alkyl-cycloalkyl, C0-6 alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, and C3-8 cycloalkyl; wherein Rc is optionally substituted with halogen.9.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula IV, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,wherein each of R1 and R2is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8alkynyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6alkylC6-10aryl, and C1-6alkyl-heteroaryl, or R1 and R2are combined with the atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30alkyl, C5-10 cycloalkyl, C1-30haloalkyl, C6-10aryl, and C6-10aryl-C1-8 alkyl, wherein R3 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and O-C1-6 alkyl;wherein R4is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl;wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -COR6, -CONHR6, -COOR6, -CONR6R7, -CH2OCOR6, and -CH2OCONHR6;wherein each ofX1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8and X9is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo,wherein each ofZ1 and Z2is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D and halo;wherein each of Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, CD3, Cl, Br, I and CF3;wherein each of R6 and R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl and C1-30 alkynyl, wherein C1-30 alkyl, C1-30 alkenyl and C1-30 alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, O-C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, and heteroaryl; or R6 and R7 are combined with atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein 5-10 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, NH2, NO2, OH, CN, -C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.10.The method of claim 9, wherein each ofZ1 and Z2 is H.11.The method of any one of claims 9-10, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.12.The method of any one of claims 9-11, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl and C5-10cycloalkyl.13.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula V, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl;wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, and C5-10 cycloalkyl;wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.14.The method of claim 13, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl.15.The method of any one of claims 13-14, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-30 alkyl and C5-10cycloalkyl.16.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the THR-βmodulator is a compound having Formula VI, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and C1-6 alkyl-heteroaryl; wherein alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl;wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30 alkyl, and C5-10 cycloalkyl;wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of C6-10 aryl, C1-6 alkyl-C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and O-C1-6alkyl; andp is an integer from 0-3.17.The method of claim 16, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, and C5-10cycloalkyl.18.The method of claim 16, wherein R3 is C7-30 alkyl or C5-10cycloalkyl.19.The method of any one of claims 16-18, wherein R4 is C6-10 aryl; and wherein C6-10 aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen and C1-6 alkyl.20.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.21.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.22.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is one to three modulators selected from the group consisting of(1) a GLP-1R agonist,(2) a GLP-1R antagonist,(3) a GIPR agonist,(4) a GIPR antagonist,(5) a GCGR agonist,(6) a GCGR antagonist,(7) a GLP-1\GIPR dual agonist,(8) a GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist(9) a GLP-1R\GIPR dual antagonist,(10) a GLP-1R\GCGR dual antagonist,(11) a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist,(12) a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe antagonist,(13) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist,(14) a GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist,(15) a GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR agonist,(16) a GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR agonist,(17) GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR antagonist,(18) GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR antagonist,(19) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist,(20) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist, and(21) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist.23.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of GLP-1R agonist, GIPR agonist, GIPR antagonist, GLP-1R\GIPR dual agonist, GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist, GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist, GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist, GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist, GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist, GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist, and GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist.24.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is a compound having Formula I-1, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,wherein:each ofX, Z4 and Z6is independently selected from the group consisting of N and CH;Q2 is selected from the group consisting ofRn is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl and C1-6 alkoxy;m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;Rz2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-8 cycloalkyl and C1-6 alkyl-C3-8 cycloalkyl; and Rz2 is optionally substituted with substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 alkoxy.25.The method of claim 24, wherein Rz2is selected from the group consisting of and Rn is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, F, and Cl.26.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is a compound having Formula I-2, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,wherein:X1, X2, and X3 are independently selected from the group consisting of N and C;X4, and X5are independently selected from the group consisting of N and C;Rm is selected from the group consisting of H and C1-6 alkyl, wherein C1-6alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen;Q1 is selected from the group consisting ofp is 0, 1, 2 and 3;Rn1 is C3-8 cycloalkyl;Ha is selected from the group consisting ofF, Cl, Br and I;Q2 is selected from the group consisting ofandRz3 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C15 cycloalkyl and C1-C6 alkyl-C3-C15 cycloalkyl.27.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.28.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.29.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, Orforglipron, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, HRS-7535, GSBR-1290, CagriSema, Exendin-4, HRS-9531, NA-931, RGT-075, NN-9541, GMA106, HDM1002, Efocipegtrutide, ROSE-010, Noiiglutide, Cotadutide, Froniglutide, Amycretin, RAY1225, ZT002, SAL0112, CT-388, Efinopegdutide, Dapiglutide, Pemvidutide, Bofanglutide, Olatorepatide, VK2735, AMG133, CT-868, Aleniglipron, AZD-9550, AZD5004, PB-718, HM-15275, HDM-1005, NN-6177, LY3493269, RAY002, XW-014, XW-015, Utreglutide, PF-06954522, BI3006337, Bamadutide, DR10627, KN056, TERN-601, CT-996, GS-4571, ID110521156, LY3437943, LY-3537031, HS-10501 and or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.30.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, VK2735, AMG133 and Retatrutide, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, CT-996 and or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.31.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.32.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, VK2735, AMG133, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, CT-996 and or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.33.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide and Semaglutide, and the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.34.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Tirzepatide, and the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.35.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Semaglutide, and the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.36.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Tirzepatide, and the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.37.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Semaglutide, and the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.38.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consistingor stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.39.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting ofor stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator isor stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.40.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof; and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, VK2735, AMG133, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, CT-996, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron,or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.41.The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron and VK2735, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.42.The method of any one of claims 1-41, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprising any one of the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, and any one of the THR-βmodulator, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.43.The method of any one of claims 1-41, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition A, and an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition B; wherein the pharmaceutical composition A comprising any one of the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and the pharmaceutical composition B comprising any one of the THR-βmodulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.44.The method of any one of claims 1-43, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, and the THR-βmodulator are administered together, simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.45.The method of any one of claims 1-43, wherein the subject suffers from obesity.46.The method of any one of claims 1-43, wherein the subject needs chronic weight management.47.The method of any one of claims 1-43, wherein the subject needs weight management.48.The method of any one of claims 1-43, wherein the subject is overweight.49.The method of any one of claims 1-48, wherein the THR-βmodulator is administered once daily, twice daily, once weekly, once every two weeks, once monthly, once every two months, once every three months, once every six months, or once annually.50.The method of any one of claims 1-48, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered once daily, twice daily, once weekly, once every two weeks, once monthly, once every two months, once every three months, once every six months, or once annually.51.The method of any one of claims 1-48, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered once daily, once weekly, or once monthly, and the THR-βmodulator is administered once weekly, once every two weeks, or once monthly.52.The method of any one of claims 1-51, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, orally, or via inhalation.53.The method of any one of claims 1-51, wherein the THR-βmodulator is administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, orally, or via inhalation.54.The method of any one of claims 1-51 wherein the THR-βmodulator is administered subcutaneously, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered subcutaneously.55.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and the THR-βmodulator of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient thereof.56.The method of any one of claims 1-54, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered at a dose of 0.5 mg to 5 mg once every week, and the THR-βmodulator is administered at a dose of 10 mg to 100 mg once every four weeks.57.The method of claim 56, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is Semaglutide.58.The method of claim 57, wherein the Semaglutide is administered at a dose of 0.5 mg once every week.59.The method of any one of claim 56-58, wherein the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.60.The method of claim 59, wherein the THR-βmodulator is administered at a dose of 30 mg or 60 mg once every four weeks.61.The method of any one of claims 1-60, wherein the subject with an initial body mass index (BMI) that is less than or equal to 40 kg / m2, preferly less than or equal to 30 kg / m2; preferly less than or equal to 27 kg / m2; preferly less than or equal to 25 kg / m2.62.The method of any one of claims 1-61, wherein the subject has a weight-related condition, preferably wherein the weight-related condition is selected from the group consisting of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Condensed imidazole compound, preparation method thereof and application of condensed imidazole compound in medicine
CN114805336A
Heterocyclic GLP-1 agonists
US11492365B2
Substituted imidazoles as GLP-1 receptor agonists
US11584751B1
GIPR antibody and GLP-1 fusion protein thereof, and pharmaceutical composition and application thereof
US11780916B2
Modulators of g-protein coupled receptors
US20230151074A1