Anti-IGF-1r antibody constructs and uses thereof
Anti-IGF-1R antibodies with specific CDR sequences address the limitations of existing antibodies by effectively inhibiting IGF-1R signaling, offering therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases through targeted inhibition of IGF-1R.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INNOVENT BIOLOGICS (SUZHOU) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing anti-IGF-1R blocking antibodies have shown limited therapeutic potential in treating cancer and their effectiveness in preventing or treating autoimmune diseases remains unclear, while IGF-1R signaling plays a crucial role in autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type I diabetes mellitus.
Development of anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments with specific CDR sequences, including VH and VL combinations, that effectively inhibit IGF-1R signaling, blocking IGF-1/IGF-1R interaction without affecting IGF-2/IGF-1R, and targeting autoimmune diseases like thyroid eye disease and fibrosis.
The antibodies demonstrate high affinity for IGF-1R, effectively inhibiting proliferation of fibroblasts and hyaluronic acid secretion, providing therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases.
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Figure PCTCN2025132091-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2025132091-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
ANTI-IGF-1R ANTIBODY CONSTRUCTS AND USES THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to anti-IGF-1R antibody constructs (such as anti-IGF-1R antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof) and the uses thereof. REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] The contents of the electronic sequence listing (701672001340SEQLIST. xml; Size: 54,878 bytes; and Date of Creation: October 31, 2024) is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND OF THE APPLICATION
[0003] Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a trans-membrane tyrosine kinase expressed in almost every mammalian cell. Studies in tissue-specific experimental models revealed a central role for IGF-1R signaling in regulating glucose metabolic functions in the liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue. In addition to healthy tissues, IGF-1R is commonly over-expressed, and the signaling pathway constitutively activated in numerous cancers contributing to mesenchymal transition of stroma cells and malignant development. IGF-1R acts at the crossroad between cancer and immunity. IGF-1R is broadly expressed in macrophages and, under physiological conditions, sufficient IGF-1R signaling keeps the balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory activities of these cells. Studies have demonstrated that conditional deletion of IGF-1R in myeloid progenitors results in the upregulation of the key anti-inflammatory markers in macrophages. Upon pathogen challenge, IGF-1R-deficient macrophages exhibited reduced accumulation in lesions and poor phagocytic ability. IGF-1R signaling in leukocytes is associated with activation of STAT3 and STAT5 proteins, which initiates dominant expression of RORγt and NF-κB transcription factors and acquisition of the effector phenotype of Th17 cells. Such a shift in the regulatory balance of T cells following IGF-1R inhibition has been recognized in several autoimmune conditions including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type I diabetes mellitus. Together, this points out the important role of IGF-1R plays in the pathogenesis of aberrant T cell self-recognition. A different mode of IGF-1R dependent autoimmunity has been described in thyroiditis, where IGF-1R bearing B cells are responsible for the production of pathogenic antibodies against the thyrotropin receptor. See, e.g., Erlandsson et al. (2022) Front. Immunol. 13: 958206.
[0004] While various later-stage clinical trials of anti-IGF-1R blocking antibodies to treat cancer failed to show significant clinical benefit, their therapeutic potential in preventing or treating autoimmune disease (s) remains to be elucidated.
[0005] The disclosures of all publications, patents, patent applications and published patent applications referred to herein are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE APPLICATION
[0006] The present application in one aspect provides an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9; b) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; c) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; d) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; e) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; f) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; g) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; h) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; or i) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0007] In some embodiments, the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 39, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, 37, or 40, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, 36, or 38, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 or 41, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35.
[0008] In some embodiments, the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, 28, or 29, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0009] In some embodiments according to any of the embodiments described herein, a) the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39 or 50, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; b) the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27; c) the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27; d) the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27; e) the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; f) the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; or g) the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35.
[0010] In some embodiments according to any of the embodiments described herein, a) the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 39, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, 37, or 40, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, 36, or 38, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 or 41, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; or b) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, 28, or 29, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0011] In some embodiments according to any of the embodiments described herein, a) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 45 or 51, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 43, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 44, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 46, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; or b) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0012] In some embodiments according to any of the embodiments described herein, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) , wherein the VH comprises: i) an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14; or ii) an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VL comprises: i) an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 15; or ii) an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 15. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; c) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; d) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; e) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; f) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; g) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; h) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; or i) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity.
[0013] In some embodiments according to any of the embodiments described herein, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 12, 13 and 14, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; c) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; d) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; e) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5; or f) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0014] In some embodiments according to any of the embodiments described herein, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of a full-length antibody, a bispecific antibody, a single-chain Fv (scFv) fragment, a Fab fragment, a Fab’ fragment, a F (ab’) 2, an Fv fragment, a disulfide stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) , a (dsFv) 2, a Fv-Fc fusion, a scFv-Fc fusion, a scFv-Fv fusion, a diabody, a tribody, and a tetrabody. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a full-length antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an Fc fragment, wherein the Fc fragment is selected from the group consisting of Fc fragments from IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, and combinations and hybrids thereof. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is selected from the group consisting of Fc fragments from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and combinations and hybrids thereof. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 or 52. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment comprises one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of: L234A / L235A, S364R, D399K, Y349T, K370S, and K409D compared to a reference Fc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47 or 52. In some embodiments, one chain of the Fc fragment comprises a) a L234A and / or a L235A substitution or b) a S364R and a D399K substitution, and the other chain of the Fc fragment comprises a Y349T, a K370S, and a K409D substitutions.
[0015] In some embodiments according to any of the embodiments described herein, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a chimeric anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a humanized anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is monoclonal.
[0016] In some embodiments according to any of the embodiments described herein, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.
[0017] In some embodiments according to any of the embodiments described herein, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
[0018] The present application in another aspect provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier.
[0019] The present application in another aspect provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein.
[0020] The present application in another aspect provides a vector comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence described herein.
[0021] The present application in another aspect provides an isolated host cell comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence or a vector described herein.
[0022] The present application in another aspect provides an immunoconjugate comprising an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, linked to a therapeutic agent or a label.
[0023] The present application in another aspect provides a method of producing an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising: a) culturing an isolated host cell described herein under conditions effective to express the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof; and b) obtaining the expressed anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof from the host cell.
[0024] The present application in another aspect provides a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a pharmaceutical composition described herein. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an auto-immune disease, e.g., thyroid eye disease. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is administered intravenously or subcutaneously to the individual. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
[0025] The present application in another aspect provides a kit comprising an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] FIGs. 1A-E depict the binding curve of the exemplary antibody clones to IGF-1R-expressing cells. Conc., concentration; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity. FIG. 1A provides a dose-dependent inhibition curve of 37D1H3 Fab fragment to human IGF-1R-expressing CHO cells. FIG. 1B provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the IGF-1R / TSHR bispecific antibody IAR088-027 to human IGF-1R-expressing CHO cells. FIG. 1C provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the bispecific antibody IAR088-027 to rhesus IGF-1R-expressing CHO cells. FIG. 1D provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the bispecific antibody IAR088-032 to human IGF-1R-expressing CHO cells. FIG. 1E provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the bispecific antibody IAR088-032 to rhesus IGF-1R-expressing CHO cells.
[0027] FIGs. 2A-2G show the binding activity between the exemplary antibody clones and IGF-1R-CHOS cells as measured by the cell fluorescence value, which was analyzed by GraphPad analysis software to calculate IC50 in the presence of biotin-labeled IGF-1 (FIGs. 2A, 2B, 2E, 2F, and 2G) or biotin-labeled IGF-2 (FIGs. 2C and 2D) . Conc., concentration; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.
[0028] FIGs. 3A-3E depict the inhibition of HT-29 proliferation. Conc., concentration. FIG. 3A provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of 2G3E3 Fab fragment. FIG. 3B provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of 1307-F1 antibody. FIG. 3C provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the bispecific antibody IAR088-027. FIG. 3D provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the bispecific antibody IAR088-032. FIG. 3E provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the bispecific antibody IAR088-034.
[0029] FIGs. 4A-4E depict the inhibition of orbital fibroblasts proliferation. FIG. 4A provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of BC1307-F1 (aFab) starting at 1000 nM and then diluted 1: 7. FIG. 4B provides mean binding inhibitory activity. Conc., concentration. FIG. 4C provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the bispecific antibody IAR088-032. FIG. 4D provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the bispecific antibody IAR088-027. FIG. 4E provides a dose-dependency inhibition curve of the bispecific antibody IAR088-034.
[0030] FIGs. 5A-5E depict the hyaluronic acid (HA) secretion by orbital fibroblasts into the cell culture supernatant as measured by ELISA to assess the inhibitory effect. FIG. 5A shows the inhibitory effect of the exemplary 1307-F1 antibody as a dose-dependency binding inhibition curve. FIG. 5B shows 37D1H3 Fab fragment mean binding inhibitory activity. FIG. 5C shows the inhibitory effect of the bispecific antibody IAR088-027 as a dose-dependency binding inhibition curve. FIG. 5D shows the inhibitory effect of the bispecific antibody IAR088-032 as a dose-dependency binding inhibition curve. FIG. 5E shows the inhibitory effect of the bispecific antibody IAR088-034 as a dose-dependency binding inhibition curve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLICATION
[0031] The present application provides novel anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to IGF-1R, methods of preparing the anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, methods of using the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., methods of treating a disease or condition) , etc. The anti-IGF-1R antibodies of the present application, e.g., BC1307-F1and 2G3E3.20EG, have multiple advantages including a) having a high affinity for human IGF-1R, b) specifically and effectively blocking IGF-1 / IGF-1R but not blocking IGF-2 / IGF-1R, c) effectively and potently inhibiting proliferation of fibroblast, and d) effectively and potently inhibiting the secretion of hyaluronic acid by orbital fibroblasts. These collective advantageous technical effects are not seen in any of benchmark antibodies and truly unexpected. I. Definitions
[0032] The term “antibody” is used in its broadest sense and encompasses various antibody structures, including but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies) , full-length antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof, so long as they exhibit the desired antigen-binding activity. The term “antibody moiety” refers to a full-length antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0033] A full-length antibody comprises two heavy chains and two light chains. The variable regions of the light and heavy chains are responsible for antigen binding. The variable domains of the heavy chain and light chain may be referred to as “VH” and “VL” , respectively. The variable regions in both chains generally contain three highly variable loops called the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) (light achain (LC) CDRs including LC-CDR1, LC-CDR2, and LC-CDR3, heavy chain (HC) CDRs including HC-CDR1, HC-CDR2, and HC-CDR3) . CDR boundaries for the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may be defined or identified by the conventions of Kabat, Chothia, AbM, or Al-Lazikani (Al-Lazikani 1997; Chothia 1985; Chothia 1987; Chothia 1989; Kabat 1987; Kabat 1991) . The three CDRs of the heavy or light chains are interposed between flanking stretches known as framework regions (FRs) , which are more highly conserved than the CDRs and form a scaffold to support the hypervariable loops. The constant regions of the heavy and light chains are not involved in antigen binding, but exhibit various effector functions. Antibodies are assigned to classes based on the amino acid sequence of the constant region of their heavy chain. The five major classes or isotypes of antibodies are IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, which are characterized by the presence of α, δ, ε, γ, and μ heavy chains, respectively. Several of the major antibody classes are divided into subclasses such as lgG1 (γ1 heavy chain) , lgG2 (γ2 heavy chain) , lgG3 (γ3 heavy chain) , lgG4 (γ4 heavy chain) , lgA1 (α1 heavy chain) , or lgA2 (α2 heavy chain) . Chimeric Fc regions (such as IgG2 / 4 mixture) are also contemplated herein.
[0034] The term “antigen-binding fragment” as used herein refers to an antibody fragment including, for example, a diabody, a Fab, a Fab’ , a F (ab’ ) 2, an Fv fragment, a disulfide stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) , a (dsFv) 2, a bispecific dsFv (dsFv-dsFv’ ) , a disulfide stabilized diabody (ds diabody) , a single-chain Fv (scFv) , an scFv dimer (bivalent diabody) , a multispecific antibody formed from a portion of an antibody comprising one or more CDRs, a camelid single domain antibody, a nanobody, a domain antibody, a bivalent domain antibody, or any other antibody fragment that binds to an antigen but does not comprise a complete antibody structure. An antigen-binding fragment is capable of binding to the same antigen to which the parent antibody or a parent antibody fragment (e.g., a parent scFv) binds. In some embodiments, an antigen-binding fragment may comprise one or more CDRs from a particular human antibody grafted to a framework region from one or more different human antibodies.
[0035] “Fv” is the minimum antibody fragment, which contains a complete antigen-recognition and -binding site. This fragment consists of a dimer of one heavy-and one light-chain variable region domain in tight, non-covalent association. From the folding of these two domains emanate six hypervariable loops (3 loops each from the heavy and light chain) that contribute the amino acid residues for antigen binding and confer antigen binding specificity to the antibody. However, even a single variable domain (or half of an Fv comprising only three CDRs specific for an antigen) has the ability to recognize and bind antigen, although often at a lower affinity than the entire binding site.
[0036] “Single-chain Fv, ” also abbreviated as “sFv” or “scFv, ” are antibody fragments that comprise the VH and VL antibody domains connected into a single polypeptide chain. In some embodiments, the scFv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding. For a review of scFv, see Plückthun in The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds., Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315 (1994) .
[0037] As used herein, the term “CDR” or “complementarity determining region” is intended to mean the non-contiguous antigen combining sites found within the variable region of both heavy and light chain polypeptides. These particular regions have been described by Kabat et al., J. Biol. Chem. 252: 6609-6616 (1977) ; Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequences of proteins of immunological interest” (1991) ; Chothia et al., J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917 (1987) ; Al-Lazikani B. et al., J. Mol. Biol., 273: 927-948 (1997) ; MacCallum et al., J. Mol. Biol. 262: 732-745 (1996) ; Abhinandan and Martin, Mol. Immunol., 45: 3832-3839 (2008) ; Lefranc M.P. et al., Dev. Comp. Immunol., 27: 55-77 (2003) ; and Honegger and Plückthun, J. Mol. Biol., 309: 657-670 (2001) , where the definitions include overlapping or subsets of amino acid residues when compared against each other. Nevertheless, application of either definition to refer to a CDR of an antibody or grafted antibodies or variants thereof is intended to be within the scope of the term as defined and used herein. The amino acid residues which encompass the CDRs as defined by each of the above-cited references are set forth below in Table 1 as a comparison. CDR prediction algorithms and interfaces are known in the art, including, for example, Abhinandan and Martin, Mol. Immunol., 45: 3832-3839 (2008) ; Ehrenmann F. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 38: D301-D307 (2010) ; and Adolf-Bryfogle J. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 43: D432-D438 (2015) . The contents of the references cited in this paragraph are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for use in the present application and for possible inclusion in one or more claims herein. In some embodiments, the CDR sequences provided herein are based on IMGT definition. For example, the CDR sequences may be determined by the VBASE2 tool (http: / / www. vbase2. org / vbase2. php, see also Retter I, Althaus HH, Münch R, Müller W: VBASE2, an integrative V gene database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jan 1; 33 (Database issue) : D671-4, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) . TABLE 1: CDR DEFINITIONS 1Residue numbering follows the nomenclature of Kabat et al., supra2Residue numbering follows the nomenclature of Chothia et al., supra3Residue numbering follows the nomenclature of MacCallum et al., supra4Residue numbering follows the nomenclature of Lefranc et al., supra5Residue numbering follows the nomenclature of Honegger and Plückthun, supra
[0038] The expression “variable-domain residue-numbering as in Kabat” or “amino-acid-position numbering as in Kabat, ” and variations thereof, refers to the numbering system used for heavy-chain variable domains or light-chain variable domains of the compilation of antibodies in Kabat et al., supra. Using this numbering system, the actual linear amino acid sequence may contain fewer or additional amino acids corresponding to a shortening of, or insertion into, a FR or hypervariable region (HVR) of the variable domain. For example, a heavy-chain variable domain may include a single amino acid insert (residue 52a according to Kabat) after residue 52 of H2 and inserted residues (e.g. residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc. according to Kabat) after heavy-chain FR residue 82. The Kabat numbering of residues may be determined for a given antibody by alignment at regions of homology of the sequence of the antibody with a “standard” Kabat numbered sequence.
[0039] Unless indicated otherwise herein, the numbering of the residues in an immunoglobulin heavy chain is that of the EU index as in Kabat et al., supra. The “EU index as in Kabat” refers to the residue numbering of the human IgG1 EU antibody.
[0040] “Framework” or “FR” residues are those variable-domain residues other than the CDR residues as herein defined.
[0041] “Humanized” forms of non-human (e.g., rodent) antibodies are chimeric antibodies that contain minimal sequence derived from the non-human antibody. For the most part, humanized antibodies are human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which residues from a hypervariable region (HVR) of the recipient are replaced by residues from a hypervariable region of a non-human species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat, rabbit or non-human primate having the desired antibody specificity, affinity, and capability. In some instances, framework region (FR) residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues. Furthermore, humanized antibodies can comprise residues that are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody. These modifications are made to further refine antibody performance. In general, the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FRs are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence. The humanized antibody optionally also will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc) , typically that of a human immunoglobulin. For further details, See Jones et al., Nature 321: 522-525 (1986) ; Riechmann et al., Nature 332: 323-329 (1988) ; and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol. 2: 593-596 (1992) .
[0042] A “human antibody” is an antibody that possesses an amino-acid sequence corresponding to that of an antibody produced by a human and / or has been made using any of the techniques for making human antibodies as disclosed herein. This definition of a human antibody specifically excludes a humanized antibody comprising non-human antigen-binding residues. Human antibodies can be produced using various techniques known in the art, including phage-display libraries. Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 381 (1991) ; Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222: 581 (1991) . Also available for the preparation of human monoclonal antibodies are methods described in Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985) ; Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147 (1) : 86-95 (1991) . See also van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 5: 368-74 (2001) . Human antibodies can be prepared by administering the antigen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce such antibodies in response to antigenic challenge, but whose endogenous loci have been disabled, e.g., immunized xenomice (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584 regarding XENOMOUSETM technology) . See also, for example, Li et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103: 3557-3562 (2006) regarding human antibodies generated via a human B-cell hybridoma technology.
[0043] “Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity” or “homology” with respect to the polypeptide and antibody sequences identified herein is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the polypeptide being compared, after aligning the sequences considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, Megalign (DNASTAR) , or MUSCLE software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for measuring alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full-length of the sequences being compared. For purposes herein, however, %amino acid sequence identity values are generated using the sequence comparison computer program MUSCLE (Edgar, R.C., Nucleic Acids Research 32 (5) : 1792-1797, 2004; Edgar, R.C., BMC Bioinformatics 5 (1) : 113, 2004) .
[0044] “Homologous” refers to the sequence similarity or sequence identity between two polypeptides or between two nucleic acid molecules. When a position in both of the two compared sequences is occupied by the same base or amino acid monomer subunit, e.g., if a position in each of two DNA molecules is occupied by adenine, then the molecules are homologous at that position. The percent of homology between two sequences is a function of the number of matching or homologous positions shared by the two sequences divided by the number of positions compared times 100. For example, if 6 of 10 of the positions in two sequences are matched or homologous then the two sequences are 60%homologous. By way of example, the amino acid sequences TKLEIK and TALGIE share 50%homology. Generally, a comparison is made when two sequences are aligned to give maximum homology.
[0045] The term “constant domain” refers to the portion of an immunoglobulin molecule having a more conserved amino acid sequence relative to the other portion of the immunoglobulin, the variable domain, which contains the antigen-binding site. The constant domain contains the CH1, CH2 and CH3 domains (collectively, CH) of the heavy chain and the CHL (or CL) domain of the light chain.
[0046] The “light chains” of antibodies (immunoglobulins) from any mammalian species can be assigned to one of two clearly distinct types, called kappa ( “κ” ) and lambda ( “λ” ) , based on the amino acid sequences of their constant domains.
[0047] The “CH1 domain” (also referred to as “C1” of “H1” domain) usually extends from about amino acid 118 to about amino acid 215 (EU numbering system) .
[0048] “Hinge region” is generally defined as a region in IgG corresponding to Glu216 to Pro230 of human IgG1 (Burton, Molec. Immunol. 22: 161-206 (1985) ) . Hinge regions of other IgG isotypes may be aligned with the IgG1 sequence by placing the first and last cysteine residues forming inter-heavy chain S-Sbonds in the same positions.
[0049] The “CH2 domain” of a human IgG Fc region (also referred to as “C2” domain) usually extends from about amino acid 231 to about amino acid 340. The CH2 domain is unique in that it is not closely paired with another domain. Rather, two N-linked branched carbohydrate chains are interposed between the two CH2 domains of an intact native IgG molecule. It has been speculated that the carbohydrate may provide a substitute for the domain-domain pairing and help stabilize the CH2 domain. Burton, Molec Immunol. 22: 161-206 (1985) .
[0050] The “CH3 domain” (also referred to as “C2” domain) comprises the stretch of residues C-terminal to a CH2 domain in an Fc region (i.e. from about amino acid residue 341 to the C-terminal end of an antibody sequence, typically at amino acid residue 446 or 447 of an IgG) .
[0051] The term “Fc region” or “fragment crystallizable region” herein is used to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain, including native-sequence Fc regions and variant Fc regions. Although the boundaries of the Fc region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain might vary, the human IgG heavy-chain Fc region is usually defined to stretch from an amino acid residue at position Cys226, or from Pro230, to the carboxyl-terminus thereof. The C-terminal lysine (residue 447 according to the EU numbering system) of the Fc region may be removed, for example, during production or purification of the antibody, or by recombinantly engineering the nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain of the antibody. In some cases, the subsequent C-terminal glycine (residue 446 according to the EU numbering system) of the Fc region may also be removed. Accordingly, a composition of intact antibodies may comprise antibody populations with all K447 residues removed, antibody populations with no K447 residues removed, and antibody populations having a mixture of antibodies with and without the K447 residue. Suitable native-sequence Fc regions for use in the antibodies described herein include human IgG1, IgG2 (IgG2A, IgG2B) , IgG3 and IgG4.
[0052] “Fc receptor” or “FcR” describes a receptor that binds the Fc region of an antibody. The preferred FcR is a native sequence human FcR. Moreover, a preferred FcR is one which binds an IgG antibody (agamma receptor) and includes receptors of the FcγRI, FcγRII, and FcγRIII subclasses, including allelic variants and alternatively spliced forms of these receptors, FcγRII receptors include FcγRIIA (an “activating receptor” ) and FcγRIIB (an “inhibiting receptor” ) , which have similar amino acid sequences that differ primarily in the cytoplasmic domains thereof. Activating receptor FcγRIIA contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in its cytoplasmic domain. Inhibiting receptor FcγRIIB contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic domain. (See M. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15: 203-234 (1997) . FcRs are reviewed in Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9: 457-92 (1991) ; Capel et al., Immunomethods 4: 25-34 (1994) ; and de Haas et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 126: 330-41 (1995) . Neonatal Fc receptors (FcRN) are encompassed herein. Other FcRs, including those to be identified in the future, are also encompassed by the term “FcR” herein.
[0053] The term “epitope” as used herein refers to the specific group of atoms or amino acids on an antigen to which an antibody or antibody moiety binds. Two antibodies or antibody moieties may bind the same epitope within an antigen if they exhibit competitive binding for the antigen.
[0054] As used herein, a first antibody or fragment thereof “competes” for binding to a target antigen with a second antibody or fragment thereof when the first antibody or fragment thereof inhibits the target antigen binding of the second antibody of fragment thereof by at least about 50%(such as at least about any one of 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%or 99%) in the presence of an equimolar concentration of the first antibody or fragment thereof, or vice versa. A high throughput process for “binning” antibodies based upon their cross-competition is described in PCT Publication No. WO 03 / 48731.
[0055] As use herein, the terms “specifically binds, ” “specifically recognizing, ” and “is specific for” refer to measurable and reproducible interactions, such as binding between a target and an antibody or antibody moiety, which is determinative of the presence of the target in the presence of a heterogeneous population of molecules, including biological molecules. For example, an antibody or antibody moiety that specifically recognizes a target (which can be an epitope) is an antibody or antibody moiety that binds this target with greater affinity, avidity, more readily, and / or with greater duration than its bindings to other targets. In some embodiments, the extent of binding of an antibody to an unrelated target is less than about 10%of the binding of the antibody to the target as measured, e.g., by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) . In some embodiments, an antibody that specifically binds a target has a dissociation constant (KD) of ≤10-5 M, ≤10-6 M, ≤10-7 M, ≤10-8 M, ≤10-9 M, ≤10-10 M, ≤10-11 M, or ≤10-12 M. In some embodiments, an antibody specifically binds an epitope on a protein that is conserved among the protein from different species. In some embodiments, specific binding can include, but does not require exclusive binding. Binding specificity of the antibody or antigen-binding domain can be determined experimentally by methods known in the art. Such methods comprise, but are not limited to Western blots, ELISA-, RIA-, ECL-, IRMA-, EIA-, BIACORETM -tests and peptide scans.
[0056] An “isolated” antibody (or construct) is one that has been identified, separated and / or recovered from a component of its production environment (e.g., natural or recombinant) . Preferably, the isolated polypeptide is free of association with all other components from its production environment.
[0057] An “isolated” nucleic acid molecule encoding a construct, antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein is a nucleic acid molecule that is identified and separated from at least one contaminant nucleic acid molecule with which it is ordinarily associated in the environment in which it was produced. Preferably, the isolated nucleic acid is free of association with all components associated with the production environment. The isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and antibodies described herein is in a form other than in the form or setting in which it is found in nature. Isolated nucleic acid molecules therefore are distinguished from nucleic acid encoding the polypeptides and antibodies described herein existing naturally in cells. An isolated nucleic acid includes a nucleic acid molecule contained in cells that ordinarily contain the nucleic acid molecule, but the nucleic acid molecule is present extrachromosomally or at a chromosomal location that is different from its natural chromosomal location.
[0058] The term “control sequences” refers to DNA sequences necessary for the expression of an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism. The control sequences that are suitable for prokaryotes, for example, include a promoter, optionally an operator sequence, and a ribosome binding site. Eukaryotic cells are known to utilize promoters, polyadenylation signals, and enhancers.
[0059] Nucleic acid is “operably linked” when it is placed into a functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence. For example, DNA for a pre-sequence or secretory leader is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a preprotein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide; a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to facilitate translation. Generally, “operably linked” means that the DNA sequences being linked are contiguous, and, in the case of a secretory leader, contiguous and in reading frame. However, enhancers do not have to be contiguous. Linking is accomplished by ligation at convenient restriction sites. If such sites do not exist, the synthetic oligonucleotide adaptors or linkers are used in accordance with conventional practice.
[0060] The term “vector, ” as used herein, refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of propagating another nucleic acid to which it is linked. The term includes the vector as a self-replicating nucleic acid structure as well as the vector incorporated into the genome of a host cell into which it has been introduced. Certain vectors are capable of directing the expression of nucleic acids to which they are operatively linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as “expression vectors. ”
[0061] The term “transfected” or “transformed” or “transduced” as used herein refers to a process by which exogenous nucleic acid is transferred or introduced into the host cell. A “transfected” or “transformed” or “transduced” cell is one which has been transfected, transformed or transduced with exogenous nucleic acid. The cell includes the primary subject cell and its progeny.
[0062] The terms “host cell, ” “host cell line, ” and “host cell culture” are used interchangeably and refer to cells into which exogenous nucleic acid has been introduced, including the progeny of such cells. Host cells include “transformants” and “transformed cells, ” which include the primary transformed cell and progeny derived therefrom without regard to the number of passages. Progeny may not be completely identical in nucleic acid content to a parent cell, and may contain mutations. Mutant progeny that have the same function or biological activity as screened or selected for in the originally transformed cell are included herein.
[0063] The term “immunoconjugate” includes reference to a covalent linkage of a therapeutic agent or a detectable label to an antibody such as an antibody moiety described herein. The linkage can be direct or indirect through a linker (such as a peptide linker) .
[0064] As used herein, “treatment” or “treating” is an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results, including clinical results. For purposes of this application, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: alleviating one or more symptoms resulting from the disease, diminishing the extent of the disease, stabilizing the disease (e.g., preventing or delaying the worsening of the disease) , preventing or delaying the recurrence of the disease, delaying or slowing the progression of the disease, ameliorating the disease state, providing a remission (partial or total) of the disease, decreasing the dose of one or more other medications required to treat the disease, delaying the progression of the disease, and / or increasing or improving the quality of life. The methods of the application contemplate any one or more of these aspects of treatment.
[0065] The terms “inhibition” or “inhibit” refer to a decrease or cessation of any phenotypic characteristic or to the decrease or cessation in the incidence, degree, or likelihood of that characteristic. To “reduce” or “inhibit” is to decrease, reduce or arrest an activity, function, and / or amount as compared to that of a reference. In certain embodiments, by “reduce” or “inhibit” is meant the ability to cause an overall decrease of 20%or greater. In another embodiment, by “reduce” or “inhibit” is meant the ability to cause an overall decrease of 50%or greater. In yet another embodiment, by “reduce” or “inhibit” is meant the ability to cause an overall decrease of 75%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or greater.
[0066] A “reference” as used herein, refers to any sample, standard, or level that is used for comparison purposes. A reference may be obtained from a healthy and / or non-diseased sample. In some examples, a reference may be obtained from an untreated sample. In some examples, a reference is obtained from a non-diseased or non-treated sample of an individual. In some examples, a reference is obtained from one or more healthy individuals who are not the individual or patient.
[0067] As used herein, “delaying development of a disease" means to defer, hinder, slow, retard, stabilize, suppress and / or postpone development of the disease. This delay can be of varying lengths of time, depending on the history of the disease and / or individual being treated. As is evident to one skilled in the art, a sufficient or significant delay can, in effect, encompass prevention, in that the individual does not develop the disease.
[0068] “Preventing” as used herein, includes providing prophylaxis with respect to the occurrence or recurrence of a disease in an individual that may be predisposed to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed with the disease.
[0069] The terms “subject, ” “individual, ” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein to refer to a mammal, including, but not limited to, human, bovine, horse, feline, canine, rodent, or primate. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
[0070] An “effective amount” of an agent refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic or prophylactic result. The specific dose may vary depending on one or more of: the particular agent chosen, the dosing regimen to be followed, whether it is administered in combination with other compounds, timing of administration, the tissue to be imaged, and the physical delivery system in which it is carried.
[0071] The terms “pharmaceutical formulation” and “pharmaceutical composition” refer to a preparation which is in such form as to permit the biological activity of the active ingredient (s) to be effective, and which contains no additional components which are unacceptably toxic to an individual to which the formulation would be administered. Such formulations may be sterile.
[0072] A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a non-toxic solid, semisolid, or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material, formulation auxiliary, or carrier conventional in the art for use with a therapeutic agent that together comprise a “pharmaceutical composition” for administration to an individual. A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed and is compatible with other ingredients of the formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is appropriate for the formulation employed.
[0073] A “sterile” formulation is aseptic or essentially free from living microorganisms and their spores.
[0074] The term “package insert” is used to refer to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products, that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, combination therapy, contraindications and / or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products.
[0075] An “article of manufacture” is any manufacture (e.g., a package or container) or kit comprising at least one reagent, e.g., a medicament for treatment of a disease or disorder, or a probe for specifically detecting a biomarker described herein. In certain embodiments, the manufacture or kit is promoted, distributed, or sold as a unit for performing the methods described herein.
[0076] It is understood that embodiments of the application described herein include “consisting” and / or “consisting essentially of” embodiments.
[0077] Reference to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) variations that are directed to that value or parameter per se. For example, description referring to “about X”includes description of “X” .
[0078] As used herein, reference to “not” a value or parameter generally means and describes “other than” a value or parameter. For example, the method is not used to treat a disease of type X means the method is used to treat the disease of types other than X.
[0079] The term “about X-Y” used herein has the same meaning as “about X to about Y. ”
[0080] As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “or, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. II. Anti-IGF-1R Antibodies
[0081] The present application provides anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to IGF-1R as described herein. IGF-1R
[0082] Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) (also called IGFR, CD221, IGFIR, or JTK13) is a type 2 tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor that is normally found as a heterotetramer with two alpha and two beta subunits and binds with high affinity to IGF1 and to IGF2. IGF-1R exists as a homodimer, where each protomer consists of an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. IGF-1 binding to IGF-1R promotes receptor homodimerization or heterodimerization with insulin receptor (INSR) . Ligand-activated IGF-1R first binds to intracellular adaptor proteins, such as insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and SHC. These adaptor proteins transmit signals through the phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) -AKT1-mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway and through the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (see, e.g., Iams &Lovely (2016) Clin Cancer Res. 21 (19) : 4270-4277) . Activation of this signaling pathway is critical for cell proliferation, growth, and survival.
[0083] It has been reported that ablation of IGF-1R by either genetic knockout or antagonist antibody can reduce B cell and / or T cell migration and activity in autoimmune mouse models and in human autoimmune patients. Thus, IGF-1R likely plays critical roles in the regulation of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. For example, activating antibodies directed at IGF-1R have been detected in patients with Graves'disease, where the receptor is overexpressed by multiple cell types, and furthermore, the frequency of IGF-1R+ B cells and T cells is substantially increased in those patients (see, e.g., Pritchard et al. (2003) J Immunol. 170: 6348-6354) . IGF-1R antagonistic mAbs (e.g., 1H7) were found to attenuate the activation of ERK as provoked by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves’ Disease (see, e.g., Tsui et al (2008) J Immunol. 181: 4397-4405) , and IGF-1R small molecule inhibitors (e.g., linsitinib) decreased tissue infiltration by CD3+ T cells and reduced the severity of autoimmune diseases in mice (e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease; see, e.g., Gulbins et al (2023) Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 14: 1211473) . Furthermore, it has been shown that IGF-1R signaling may synergize with other nonredundant pathways in disease conditions, such as thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) . Therefore, IGF-1R may be an important molecule in the regulation of immune responses and a potential target for overcoming autoimmune diseases such as Grave’s Disease (GD) and / or Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) .
[0084] IGF-1R gene is located on 15q26.3. It is conserved across numerous species, such as chimpanzees, cynomolgus monkeys, cows, mice, rats, bats, pigs, chickens, zebrafish, and frogs. Human IGF-1R mRNA sequence can be found with NCBI Reference number NM_000875.5 (i.e., isoform variant 1) or NM_001291858.2 (i.e., isoform variant 2) . Human IGF-1R protein isoform 1 has 1367 amino acids and isoform 2 has 1366 amino acids (NCBI Reference number: NP_000866.1, and NP_001278787.1, respectively; UNIPROT Accession Number: C9J5X1) . The IGF-1R polymorphism rs2229765 has been associated with increased autoimmune susceptibility (e.g., increased susceptibility to lupus) . Anti-IGF-1R antibody moieties
[0085] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the antibody moiety comprises: a) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9; b) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; c) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; d) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; e) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; f) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; g) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; h) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; or i) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0086] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) , wherein the VH comprises: i) an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14; or ii) an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VL comprises: i) an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 15; or ii) an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 15.
[0087] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the antibody moiety comprises: a) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; b) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; c) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; d) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; e) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; f) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; g) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; h) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; or i) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 12, 13 and 14, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; c) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; d) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; f) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5; or g) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0088] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, 28, or 29, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 12, 13 and 14, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; or c) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
[0089] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 45 or 51, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 43, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 44, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 46, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 39, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, 37, or 40, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, 36, or 38, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 or 41, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; c) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5; or d) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0090] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39 or 50, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions described above are limited to “exemplary substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions are limited to “preferred substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39 or 50, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.
[0091] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions described above are limited to “exemplary substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions are limited to “preferred substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; or b) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; or b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; or b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
[0092] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions described above are limited to “exemplary substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions are limited to “preferred substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
[0093] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions described above are limited to “exemplary substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions are limited to “preferred substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
[0094] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions described above are limited to “exemplary substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions are limited to “preferred substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; or b) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; or b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; or b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0095] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions described above are limited to “exemplary substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions are limited to “preferred substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0096] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions described above are limited to “exemplary substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions are limited to “preferred substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0097] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety, wherein the antibody moiety competes for binding to an epitope of IGF-1R with an antibody or antibody fragment comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the antibody moiety comprises: a) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9; b) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; c) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; d) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; e) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; f) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; g) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; h) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; or i) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0098] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an antibody moiety, wherein the antibody moiety binds to essentially the same epitope of IGF-1R as an antibody or antibody fragment comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the antibody moiety comprises: a) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9; b) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; c) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; d) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; e) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; f) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; g) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; h) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; or i) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within the VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0099] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety is selected from the group consisting of a full-length antibody, a bispecific antibody, a single-chain Fv (scFv) fragment, a Fab fragment, a Fab’ fragment, a F (ab’ ) 2, an Fv fragment, a disulfide stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) , an (dsFv) 2, a VHH, an Fv-Fc fusion, an scFv-Fc fusion, an scFv-Fv fusion, a diabody, a tribody, and a tetrabody.
[0100] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety is a full-length antibody.
[0101] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety is an scFv.
[0102] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety is a Fab.
[0103] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety described herein comprises an Fc fragment of an immunoglobulin selected from the group consisting of IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, and combinations and hybrids thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety or the anti-IGF-1R full-length antibody described herein comprises an Fc fragment of an immunoglobulin selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and combinations and hybrids thereof. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment has a reduced effector function as compared to the corresponding wildtype Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment has an enhanced effector function as compared to the corresponding wildtype Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 or 52. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment comprises one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of: L234A / L235A, S364R, D399K, Y349T, K370S, and K409D compared to a reference Fc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47 or 52.
[0104] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety comprises a humanized antibody of any of the anti-IGF-1R antibody moieties described herein. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety is a chimeric anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety.
[0105] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is monoclonal.
[0106] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety binds to both human IGF-1R and cynomolgus IGF-1R. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety binds to both human IGF-1R and mouse IGF-1R. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety binds to human IGF-1R, cynomolgus IGF-1R, and mouse IGF-1R. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety does not bind to cynomolgus IGF-1R and / or mouse IGF-1R.
[0107] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety inactivates the downstream signaling pathways of IGF-1R. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is an antagonist antibody of IGF-1R.
[0108] In some embodiments, the antibody moiety of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof inactivates or decreases the downstream signaling pathways of IGF-1R by at least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%as compared to a reference construct (e.g., a corresponding antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that does not activate IGF-1R, e.g., a corresponding antibody that comprises a reference antagonist anti-IGF-1R antibody) .
[0109] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises or is an anti-IGF-1R fusion protein. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety (e.g., an anti-IGF-1R scFv) and a second moiety. In some embodiments, the second moiety comprises a half-life extending moiety. In some embodiments, the half-life extending moiety is an albumin binding moiety (e.g., an albumin binding antibody moiety) . In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety and the half-life extending moiety is linked via a linker (such as a peptide linker, such as a GS linker) .
[0110] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises or is an anti-IGF-1R immunoconjugate comprising an anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety (such as any of the anti-IGF-1R antibody moieties described herein) and a second agent. In some embodiments, the second agent is a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the second agent is a label.
[0111] In some embodiments, the IGF-1R is a human IGF-1R. a) Antibody affinity
[0112] Binding specificity of the antibody moieties can be determined experimentally by methods known in the art. Such methods comprise, but are not limited to Western blots, ELISA-, RIA-, ECL-, IRMA-, EIA-, BIACORETM -tests and peptide scans.
[0113] In some embodiments, the KD of the binding between the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety and IGF-1R is about 10-7 M to about 10-12 M, about 10-7 M to about 10-8 M, about 10-8 M to about 10-9 M, about 10-9 M to about 10-10 M, about 10-10 M to about 10-11 M, about 10-11 M to about 10-12 M, about 10-7 M to about 10-12 M, about 10-8 M to about 10-12 M, about 10-9 M to about 10-12 M, about 10-10 M to about 10-12 M, about 10-7 M to about 10-11 M, about 10-8 M to about 10-11 M, about 10-9 M to about 10-11 M, about 10-7 M to about 10-10 M, about 10-8 M to about 10-10 M, or about 10-7 M to about 10-9 M. In some embodiments, the KD of the binding between the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety and IGF-1R is stronger than about any one of 10-7 M, 10-8 M, 10-9 M, 10-10 M, 10-11 M, or 10-12 M. In some embodiments, the IGF-1R is a human IGF-1R.
[0114] In some embodiments, the Kon of the binding between the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety and IGF-1R is about 103 M-1s-1 to about 108 M-1s-1, about 103 M-1s-1 to about 104 M-1s-1, about 104 M-1s-1 to about 105 M-1s-1, about 105 M-1s-1 to about 106 M-1s-1, about 106 M-1s-1 to about 107 M-1s-1, or about 107 M-1s-1 to about 108 M-1s-1. In some embodiments, the Kon of the binding between the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety and IGF-1R is about 103 M-1s-1 to about 105 M-1s-1, about 104 M-1s-1 to about 106 M-1s-1, about 105 M-1s-1 to about 107 M-1s-1, about 106 M-1s-1 to about 108 M-1s-1, about 104 M-1s-1 to about 107 M-1s-1, or about 105 M-1s-1 to about 108 M-1s-1. In some embodiments, the Kon of the binding between the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety and IGF-1R is no more than about any one of 103 M-1s-1, 104 M-1s-1, 105 M-1s-1, 106 M-1s-1, 107 M-1s-1 or 108 M-1s-1. In some embodiments, IGF-1R is human IGF-1R.
[0115] In some embodiments, the Koff of the binding between the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety and IGF-1R is about 1 s-1 to about 10-6 s-1, about 1 s-1 to about 10-2 s-1, about 10-2 s-1 to about 10-3 s-1, about 10-3 s-1 to about 10-4 s-1, about 10-4 s-1 to about 10-5 s-1, about 10-5 s-1 to about 10-6 s-1, about 1 s-1 to about 10-5 s-1, about 10-2 s-1 to about 10-6 s-1, about 10-3 s-1 to about 10-6 s-1, about 10-4 s-1 to about 10-6 s-1, about 10-2 s-1 to about 10-5 s-1, or about 10-3 s-1 to about 10-5 s-1. In some embodiments, the Koff of the binding between the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety and IGF-1R is at least about any one of 1 s-1, 10-2 s-1, 10-3 s-1, 10-4 s-1, 10-5 s-1 or 10-6 s-1. In some embodiments, IGF-1R is human IGF-1R.
[0116] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety or anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof are higher (for example, has a smaller KD value) than an existing anti-IGF-1R antibody (e.g., anti-human IGF-1R antibody) . b) Chimeric or humanized antibodies
[0117] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety is a chimeric antibody. In some embodiments, a chimeric antibody comprises a non-human variable region (e.g., a variable region derived from mouse) and a human constant region. In some embodiments, a chimeric antibody is a “class switched” antibody in which the class or subclass has been changed from that of the parent antibody. Chimeric antibodies include antigen-binding fragments thereof.
[0118] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody is a humanized antibody. Typically, a non-human antibody is humanized to reduce immunogenicity to humans, while retaining the specificity and affinity of the parental non-human antibody. Generally, a humanized antibody comprises one or more variable domains in which HVRs, e.g., CDRs, (or portions thereof) are derived from a non-human antibody, and FRs (or portions thereof) are derived from human antibody sequences. A humanized antibody optionally will also comprise at least a portion of a human constant region. In some embodiments, some FR residues in a humanized antibody are substituted with corresponding residues from a non-human antibody (e.g., the antibody from which the HVR residues are derived) , e.g., to restore or improve antibody specificity or affinity.
[0119] Humanized antibodies and methods of making them are reviewed, e.g., in Almagro and Fransson, Front. Biosci. 13: 1619-1633 (2008) , and are further described, e.g., in Riechmann et al., Nature 332: 323-329 (1988) ; Queen et al., Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci. USA 86: 10029-10033 (1989) ; US Patent Nos. 5,821,337, 7,527,791, 6,982,321, and 7,087,409; Kashmiri et al., Methods 36: 25-34 (2005) (describing SDR (a-CDR) grafting) ; Padlan, Mol. Immunol. 28: 489-498 (1991) (describing “resurfacing” ) ; Dall’Acqua et al., Methods 36: 43-60 (2005) (describing “FR shuffling” ) ; and Osbourn et al., Methods 36: 61-68 (2005) and Klimka et al., Br. J. Cancer, 83: 252-260 (2000) (describing the “guided selection” approach to FR shuffling) .
[0120] Human framework regions that may be used for humanization include but are not limited to: framework regions selected using the “best-fit” method (see, e.g., Sims et al. J. Immunol. 151: 2296 (1993) ) ; Framework regions derived from the consensus sequence of human antibodies of a particular subgroup of light or heavy chain variable regions (see, e.g., Carter et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89: 4285 (1992) ; and Presta et al. J. Immunol., 151: 2623 (1993) ) ; human mature (somatically mutated) framework regions or human germline framework regions (see, e.g., Almagro and Fransson, Front. Biosci. 13: 1619-1633 (2008) ) ; and framework regions derived from screening FR libraries (see, e.g., Baca et al., J. Biol. Chem. 272: 10678-10684 (1997) and Rosok et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271: 22611-22618 (1996) ) .
[0121] It is understood that the humanization of mouse derived antibodies is a common and routinely used art. It is therefore understood that a humanized format of any and all of the anti-IGF-1R antibodies disclosed in Sequence Table can be used in a preclinical or clinical setting. In cases where a humanized format of any of the referenced anti-IGF-1R antibodies or their antigen-binding fragments thereof is used in such a preclinical or clinical setting, the then humanized format is expected to bear the same or similar biological activities and profiles as the original non-humanized format. c) Human antibodies
[0122] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety is a human antibody (known as human domain antibody, or human DAb) . Human antibodies can be produced using various techniques known in the art. Human antibodies are described generally in van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5: 368-74 (2001) , Lonberg, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20: 450-459 (2008) , and Chen, Mol. Immunol. 47 (4) : 912-21 (2010) . Transgenic mice or rats capable of producing fully human single-domain antibodies (or DAb) are known in the art. See, e.g., US20090307787A1, U.S. Pat. No. 8,754,287, US20150289489A1, US20100122358A1, and WO2004049794.
[0123] Human antibodies (e.g., human DAbs) may be prepared by administering an immunogen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce intact human antibodies or intact antibodies with human variable regions in response to antigenic challenge. Such animals typically contain all or a portion of the human immunoglobulin loci, which replace the endogenous immunoglobulin loci, or which are present extrachromosomally or integrated randomly into the animal’s chromosomes. In such transgenic mice, the endogenous immunoglobulin loci have generally been inactivated. For review of methods for obtaining human antibodies from transgenic animals, see Lonberg, Nat. Biotech. 23: 1117-1125 (2005) . See also, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584 describing XENOMOUSETM technology; U.S. Patent No. 5,770,429 describing technology; U.S. Patent No. 7,041,870 describing K-M technology, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2007 / 0061900, describing technology) . Human variable regions from intact antibodies generated by such animals may be further modified, e.g., by combining with a different human constant region.
[0124] Human antibodies (e.g., human DAbs) can also be made by hybridoma-based methods. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines for the production of human monoclonal antibodies have been described (See, e.g., Kozbor J. Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984) ; Brodeur et al., Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987) ; and Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147: 86 (1991) ) . Human antibodies generated via human B-cell hybridoma technology are also described in Li et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103: 3557-3562 (2006) . Additional methods include those described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 7,189,826 (describing production of monoclonal human IgM antibodies from hybridoma cell lines) and Ni, Xiandai Mianyixue, 26 (4) : 265-268 (2006) (describing human-human hybridomas) . Human hybridoma technology (Trioma technology) is also described in Vollmers and Brandlein, Histology and Histopathology, 20 (3) : 927-937 (2005) and Vollmers and Brandlein, Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 27 (3) : 185-91 (2005) .
[0125] Human antibodies (e.g., human DAbs) may also be generated by isolating Fv clone variable domain sequences selected from human-derived phage display libraries. Such variable domain sequences may then be combined with a desired human constant domain. Techniques for selecting human antibodies from antibody libraries are described below. d) Library-derived antibodies
[0126] The anti-IGF-1R antibody moieties described herein may be isolated by screening combinatorial libraries for antibodies with the desired activity or activities. For example, a variety of methods are known in the art for generating phage display libraries and screening such libraries for antibodies possessing the desired binding characteristics. Such methods are reviewed, e.g., in Hoogenboom et al. in Methods in Molecular Biology 178: 1-37 (O’ Brien et al., ed., Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 2001) and further described, e.g., in the McCafferty et al., Nature 348: 552-554; Clackson et al., Nature 352: 624-628 (1991) ; Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222: 581-597 (1992) ; Marks and Bradbury, in Methods in Molecular Biology 248: 161-175 (Lo, ed., Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 2003) ; Sidhu et al., J. Mol. Biol. 338 (2) : 299-310 (2004) ; Lee et al., J. Mol. Biol. 340 (5) : 1073-1093 (2004) ; Fellouse, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 (34) : 12467-12472 (2004) ; and Lee et al., J. Immunol. Methods 284 (1-2) : 119-132 (2004) . Methods for constructing single-domain antibody libraries have been described, for example, See U.S. Pat. NO. 7371849.
[0127] In certain phage display methods, repertoires of VH and VL genes are separately cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and recombined randomly in phage libraries, which can then be screened for antigen-binding phage as described in Winter et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 12: 433-455 (1994) . Phage typically displays antibody fragments, either as scFv fragments or as Fab fragments. Libraries from immunized sources provide high-affinity antibodies to the immunogen without the requirement of constructing hybridomas. Alternatively, the naive repertoire can be cloned (e.g., from human) to provide a single source of antibodies to a wide range of non-self and also self-antigens without any immunization as described by Griffiths et al., EMBO J, 12: 725-734 (1993) . Finally, naive libraries can also be made synthetically by cloning unrearranged V-gene segments from stem cells, and using PCR primers containing random sequence to encode the highly variable CDR3 regions and to accomplish rearrangement in vitro, as described by Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 381-388 (1992) . Patent publications describing human antibody phage libraries include, for example: US Patent No. 5, 750, 373, and US Patent Publication Nos. 2005 / 0079574, 2005 / 0119455, 2005 / 0266000, 2007 / 0117126, 2007 / 0160598, 2007 / 0237764, 2007 / 0292936, and 2009 / 0002360.
[0128] Antibodies or antibody fragments isolated from human antibody libraries are considered human antibodies or human antibody fragments herein. e) Substitution, insertion, deletion and variants
[0129] In some embodiments, antibody variants having one or more amino acid substitutions are provided. Sites of interest for substitutional mutagenesis include the HVRs (or CDRs) and FRs. Conservative substitutions are shown in Table 2 under the heading of “Preferred substitutions. ” More substantial changes are provided in Table 2 under the heading of “exemplary substitutions, ” and as further described below in reference to amino acid side chain classes. Amino acid substitutions may be introduced into an antibody of interest and the products screened for a desired activity, e.g., retained / improved antigen binding, decreased immunogenicity, or improved ADCC or CDC. Table 2. Amino acid substitutions
[0130] Amino acids may be grouped according to common side-chain properties: (1) hydrophobic: Norleucine, Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile; (2) neutral hydrophilic: Cys, Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln; (3) acidic: Asp, Glu; (4) basic: His, Lys, Arg; (5) residues that influence chain orientation: Gly, Pro; and (6) aromatic: Trp, Tyr, Phe.
[0131] Non-conservative substitutions will entail exchanging a member of one of these classes for another class.
[0132] One type of substitutional variant involves substituting one or more hypervariable region residues of a parent antibody (e.g., a humanized or human antibody) . Generally, the resulting variant (s) selected for further study will have modifications (e.g., improvements) in certain biological properties (e.g., increased affinity, reduced immunogenicity) relative to the parent antibody and / or will have substantially retained certain biological properties of the parent antibody. An exemplary substitutional variant is an affinity matured antibody, which may be conveniently generated, e.g., using phage display-based affinity maturation techniques such as those described herein. Briefly, one or more HVR residues are mutated and the variant antibodies displayed on phage and screened for a particular biological activity (e.g. binding affinity) .
[0133] Alterations (e.g., substitutions) may be made in HVRs, e.g., to improve antibody affinity. Such alterations may be made in HVR “hotspots, ” i.e., residues encoded by codons that undergo mutation at high frequency during the somatic maturation process (see, e.g., Chowdhury, Methods Mol. Biol. 207: 179-196 (2008) ) , and / or SDRs (a-CDRs) , with the resulting variant VH or VL being tested for binding affinity. Affinity maturation by constructing and reselecting from secondary libraries has been described, e.g., in Hoogenboom et al. in Methods in Molecular Biology 178: 1-37 (O’Brien et al., ed., Human Press, Totowa, NJ, (2001) ) . In some embodiments of affinity maturation, diversity is introduced into the variable genes chosen for maturation by any of a variety of methods (e.g., error-prone PCR, chain shuffling, or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis) . A secondary library is then created. The library is then screened to identify any antibody variants with the desired affinity. Another method to introduce diversity involves HVR-directed approaches, in which several HVR residues (e.g., 4-6 residues at a time) are randomized. HVR residues involved in antigen binding may be specifically identified, e.g., using alanine scanning mutagenesis or modeling. CDR-H3 and CDR-L3 in particular are often targeted.
[0134] In some embodiments, substitutions, insertions, or deletions may occur within one or more HVRs so long as such alterations do not substantially reduce the ability of the antibody to bind antigen. For example, conservative alterations (e.g., conservative substitutions as provided herein) that do not substantially reduce binding affinity may be made in HVRs. Such alterations may be outside of HVR “hotspots” or CDRs.
[0135] A useful method for identification of residues or regions of an antibody that may be targeted for mutagenesis is called “alanine scanning mutagenesis” as described by Cunningham and Wells (1989) Science, 244: 1081-1085. In this method, a residue or group of target residues (e.g., charged residues such as Arg, Asp, His, Lys, and Glu) are identified and replaced by a neutral or negatively charged amino acid (e.g., alanine or polyalanine) to determine whether the interaction of the antibody with antigen is affected. Further substitutions may be introduced at the amino acid locations demonstrating functional sensitivity to the initial substitutions. Alternatively, or additionally, a crystal structure of an antigen-antibody complex to identify contact points between the antibody and antigen. Such contact residues and neighboring residues may be targeted or eliminated as candidates for substitution. Variants may be screened to determine whether they contain the desired properties.
[0136] Amino acid sequence insertions include amino-and / or carboxyl-terminal fusions ranging in length from one residue to polypeptides containing a hundred or more residues, as well as intrasequence insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues. Examples of terminal insertions include an antibody with an N-terminal methionyl residue. Other insertional variants of the antibody molecule include the fusion to the N-or C-terminus of the antibody to an enzyme (e.g., for ADEPT) or a polypeptide which increases the serum half-life of the antibody. f) Glycosylation variants
[0137] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety is altered to increase or decrease the extent to which the construct is glycosylated. Addition or deletion of glycosylation sites to an antibody may be conveniently accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence such that one or more glycosylation sites is created or removed.
[0138] Where the antibody moiety comprises an Fc region, the carbohydrate attached thereto may be altered. Native antibodies produced by mammalian cells typically comprise a branched, biantennary oligosaccharide that is generally attached by an N-linkage to Asn297 of the CH2 domain of the Fc region. See, e.g., Wright et al. TIBTECH 15: 26-32 (1997) . The oligosaccharide may include various carbohydrates, e.g., mannose, N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) , galactose, and sialic acid, as well as a fucose attached to a GlcNAc in the “stem” of the biantennary oligosaccharide structure. In some embodiments, modifications of the oligosaccharide in the antibody moiety may be made in order to create antibody variants with certain improved properties.
[0139] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety has a carbohydrate structure that lacks fucose attached (directly or indirectly) to an Fc region. For example, the amount of fucose in such antibody may be from 1%to 80%, from 1%to 65%, from 5%to 65%or from 20%to 40%. The amount of fucose is determined by calculating the average amount of fucose within the sugar chain at Asn297, relative to the sum of all glycostructures attached to Asn 297 (e.g., complex, hybrid and high mannose structures) as measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, as described in WO 2008 / 077546, for example. Asn297 refers to the asparagine residue located at about position 297 in the Fc region (EU numbering of Fc region residues) ; however, Asn297 may also be located about ± 3 amino acids upstream or downstream of position 297, i.e., between positions 294 and 300, due to minor sequence variations in antibodies. Such fucosylation variants may have improved ADCC function. See, e.g., US Patent Publication Nos. US 2003 / 0157108 (Presta, L. ) ; US 2004 / 0093621 (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd) . Examples of publications related to “defucosylated” or “fucose-deficient” antibody variants include: US 2003 / 0157108; WO 2000 / 61739; WO 2001 / 29246; US 2003 / 0115614; US 2002 / 0164328; US 2004 / 0093621; US 2004 / 0132140; US 2004 / 0110704; US 2004 / 0110282; US 2004 / 0109865; WO 2003 / 085119; WO 2003 / 084570; WO 2005 / 035586; WO 2005 / 035778; WO2005 / 053742; WO2002 / 031140; Okazaki et al. J. Mol. Biol. 336: 1239-1249 (2004) ; Yamane-Ohnuki et al. Biotech. Bioeng. 87: 614 (2004) . Examples of cell lines capable of producing defucosylated antibodies include Lec13 CHO cells deficient in protein fucosylation (Ripka et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 249: 533-545 (1986) ; US Patent Application No. US 2003 / 0157108 A1, Presta, L; and WO 2004 / 056312 A1, Adams et al., especially at Example 11) , and knockout cell lines, such as alpha-1, 6-fucosyltransferase gene, FUT8, knockout CHO cells (see, e.g., Yamane-Ohnuki et al. Biotech. Bioeng. 87: 614 (2004) ; Kanda, Y. et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng., 94 (4) : 680-688 (2006) ; and WO2003 / 085107) .
[0140] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety has bisected oligosaccharides, e.g., in which a biantennary oligosaccharide attached to the Fc region of the antibody is bisected by GlcNAc. Such antibody variants may have reduced fucosylation and / or improved ADCC function. Examples of such antibody variants are described, e.g., in WO 2003 / 011878 (Jean-Mairet et al. ) ; US Patent No. 6,602,684 (Umana et al. ) ; and US 2005 / 0123546 (Umana et al. ) . Antibody variants with at least one galactose residue in the oligosaccharide attached to the Fc region are also provided. Such antibody variants may have improved CDC function. Such antibody variants are described, e.g., in WO 1997 / 30087 (Patel et al. ) ; WO 1998 / 58964 (Raju, S. ) ; and WO 1999 / 22764 (Raju, S. ) . g) Fc region variants
[0141] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety comprises an Fc fragment.
[0142] The term “Fc region, ” “Fc domain, ” “Fc fragment” or “Fc” refers to a C-terminal non-antigen binding region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain that contains at least a portion of the constant region. The term includes native Fc regions and variant Fc regions. In some embodiments, a human IgG heavy chain Fc region extends from Cys226 to the carboxyl-terminus of the heavy chain. However, the C-terminal lysine (Lys447) of the Fc region may or may not be present, without affecting the structure or stability of the Fc region. Unless otherwise specified herein, numbering of amino acid residues in the IgG or Fc region is according to the EU numbering system for antibodies, also called the EU index, as described in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1991.
[0143] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is from an immunoglobulin selected from the group consisting of IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, and combinations and hybrids thereof. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is from an immunoglobulin selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and combinations and hybrids thereof.
[0144] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment has a reduced effector function as compared to corresponding wildtype Fc fragment (such as at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%reduced effector function as measured by the level of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) ) .
[0145] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is an IgG1 Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the IgG1 Fc fragment comprises a L234A mutation and / or a L235A mutation. In some embodiments the IgG1 Fc fragment comprises an L235A mutation and / or a G237A mutation. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is an IgG2 or IgG4 Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is an IgG4 Fc fragment comprising a S228P, F234A, and / or a L235A mutation. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment comprises a N297A mutation. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment comprises a N297G mutation.
[0146] In some embodiments, one or more amino acid modifications may be introduced into the Fc region of the antibody moiety, thereby generating an Fc region variant. The Fc region variant may comprise a human Fc region sequence (e.g., a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 Fc region) comprising an amino acid modification (e.g. a substitution) at one or more amino acid positions.
[0147] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment possesses some but not all effector functions, which make it a desirable candidate for applications in which the half-life of the antibody moiety in vivo is important yet certain effector functions (such as complement and ADCC) are unnecessary or deleterious. In vitro and / or in vivo cytotoxicity assays can be conducted to confirm the reduction / depletion of CDC and / or ADCC activities. For example, Fc receptor (FcR) binding assays can be conducted to ensure that the antibody lacks FcγR binding (hence likely lacking ADCC activity) but retains FcRn binding ability. The primary cells for mediating ADCC, NK cells, express FcγRIII only, whereas monocytes express FcγRI, FcγRII and FcγRIII. FcR expression on hematopoietic cells is summarized in Table 2 on page 464 of Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9: 457-492 (1991) . Non-limiting examples of in vitro assays to assess ADCC activity of a molecule of interest is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,500,362 (see, e.g. Hellstrom, I. et al. Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci. USA 83: 7059-7063 (1986) ) and Hellstrom, I et al., Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci. USA 82: 1499-1502 (1985) ; 5, 821, 337 (See Bruggemann, M. et al., J.Exp. Med. 166: 1351-1361 (1987) ) . Alternatively, non-radioactive assays methods may be employed (see, for example, ACTITM non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay for flow cytometry (CellTechnology, Inc. Mountain View, CA; and CytoTox non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay (Promega, Madison, WI) ) . Useful effector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Natural Killer (NK) cells. Alternatively, or additionally, ADCC activity of the molecule of interest may be assessed in vivo, e.g., in an animal model such as that disclosed in Clynes et al. Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci. USA 95: 652-656 (1998) . C1q binding assays may also be carried out to confirm that the antibody is unable to bind C1q and hence lacks CDC activity. See, e.g., C1q and C3c binding ELISA in WO 2006 / 029879 and WO 2005 / 100402. To assess complement activation, a CDC assay may be performed (see, for example, Gazzano-Santoro et al., J. Immunol. Methods 202: 163 (1996) ; Cragg, M.S. et al., Blood 101: 1045-1052 (2003) ; and Cragg, M. S. and M. J. Glennie, Blood 103: 2738-2743 (2004) ) . FcRn binding and in vivo clearance / half-life determinations can also be performed using methods known in the art (see, e.g., Petkova, S.B. et al., Int’l. Immunol. 18 (12) : 1759-1769 (2006) ) .
[0148] Antibodies with reduced effector function include those with substitution of one or more of Fc region residues 238, 265, 269, 270, 297, 327 and 329 (U.S. Patent No. 6,737,056) . Such Fc mutants include Fc mutants with substitutions at two or more of amino acid positions 265, 269, 270, 297 and 327, including the so-called “DANA” Fc mutant with substitution of residues 265 and 297 to alanine (US Patent No. 7,332,581) . In some embodiments, the Fc fragment comprises a N297A mutation. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment comprises a N297G mutation.
[0149] Certain antibody variants with improved or diminished binding to FcRs are described. (See, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,737,056; WO 2004 / 056312, and Shields et al., J. Biol. Chem. 9 (2) : 6591-6604 (2001) . )
[0150] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is an IgG1 Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the IgG1 Fc fragment comprises a L234A mutation and / or a L235A mutation. In some embodiments, the IgG1 Fc fragment comprise an L235A mutation and / or a G237A mutation. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is an IgG2 or IgG4 Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is an IgG4 Fc fragment comprising a S228P, F234A, and / or a L235A mutation.
[0151] In some embodiments, the antibody moiety comprises an Fc region with one or more amino acid substitutions which improve ADCC, e.g., substitutions at positions 298, 333, and / or 334 of the Fc region (EU numbering of residues) .
[0152] In some embodiments, alterations are made in the Fc region that result in altered (i.e., either improved or diminished) C1q binding and / or Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) , e.g., as described in US Patent No. 6, 194, 551, WO 99 / 51642, and Idusogie et al. J. Immunol. 164: 4178-4184 (2000) .
[0153] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment has one or more mutations at Thr250, Met252, Ser254, The256, Thr307. Glu 380, Met428, His433, and / or Asn 434.
[0154] In some embodiments, the antibody moiety variant comprising a variant Fc region comprising one or more amino acid substitutions which alters half-life and / or changes binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) . Antibodies with increased half-lives and improved binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) , which is responsible for the transfer of maternal IgGs to the fetus (Guyer et al., J. Immunol. 117: 587 (1976) and Kim et al., J. Immunol. 24: 249 (1994) ) , are described in US2005 / 0014934A1 (Hinton et al. ) . Those antibodies comprise an Fc region with one or more substitutions therein which alters binding of the Fc region to FcRn. Such Fc variants include those with substitutions at one or more of Fc region residues, e.g., substitution of Fc region residue 434 (US Patent No. 7,371,826) .
[0155] See also Duncan &Winter, Nature 322: 738-40 (1988) ; U.S. Patent No. 5,648,260; U.S. Patent No. 5,624,821; and WO 94 / 29351 concerning other examples of Fc region variants. h) Cysteine engineered antibody variants
[0156] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to create cysteine engineered antibody moieties, e.g., “thioMAbs, ” in which one or more residues of an antibody are substituted with cysteine residues. In particular embodiments, the substituted residues occur at accessible sites of the antibody. By substituting those residues with cysteine, reactive thiol groups are thereby positioned at accessible sites of the antibody and may be used to conjugate the antibody to other moieties, such as drug moieties or linker-drug moieties, to create an immunoconjugate, as described further herein. In some embodiments, any one or more of the following residues may be substituted with cysteine: A118 (EU numbering) of the heavy chain; and S400 (EU numbering) of the heavy chain Fc region. Cysteine engineered antibody moieties may be generated as described, e.g., in U.S. Patent No. 7,521,541. i) Antibody derivatives
[0157] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety described herein may be further modified to comprise additional nonproteinaceous moieties that are known in the art and readily available. The moieties suitable for derivatization of the antibody include but are not limited to water soluble polymers. Non-limiting examples of water soluble polymers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , copolymers of ethylene glycol / propylene glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly-1, 3-dioxolane, poly-1, 3, 6-trioxane, ethylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyaminoacids (either homopolymers or random copolymers) , and dextran or poly (n-vinyl pyrrolidone) polyethylene glycol, propropylene glycol homopolymers, prolypropylene oxide / ethylene oxide co-polymers, polyoxyethylated polyols (e.g., glycerol) , polyvinyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. Polyethylene glycol propionaldehyde may have advantages in manufacturing due to its stability in water. The polymer may be of any molecular weight and may be branched or unbranched. The number of polymers attached to the antibody may vary, and if more than one polymer is attached, they can be the same or different molecules. In general, the number and / or type of polymers used for derivatization can be determined based on considerations including, but not limited to, the particular properties or functions of the antibody to be improved, whether the antibody derivative will be used in diagnosis under defined conditions, etc.
[0158] In some embodiments, the antibody moiety may be further modified to comprise one or more biologically active protein, polypeptides or fragments thereof. “Bioactive” or “biologically active” , as used herein interchangeably, means showing biological activity in the body to carry out a specific function. For example, it may mean the combination with a particular biomolecule such as protein, DNA, etc., and then promotion or inhibition of the activity of such biomolecule. In some embodiments, the bioactive protein or fragments thereof include proteins and polypeptides that are administered to patients as the active drug substance for prevention of or treatment of a disease or condition, as well as proteins and polypeptides that are used for diagnostic purposes, such as enzymes used in diagnostic tests or in vitro assays, as well as proteins and polypeptides that are administered to a patient to prevent a disease such as a vaccine. III. Methods of Preparation
[0159] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of preparing an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to IGF-1R and a composition such as polynucleotide, nucleic acid construct, vector, host cell, or culture medium that is produced during the preparation of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or composition (e.g., pharmaceutical composition) described herein may be prepared by a number of processes as generally described below and more specifically in the Examples. Antibody Expression and Production
[0160] The anti-IGF-1R antibodies described herein can be prepared using any known methods in the art, including those described below and in the Examples. Monoclonal antibodies
[0161] Monoclonal antibodies are obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations and / or post-translational modifications (e.g., isomerizations, amidations) that may be present in minor amounts. Thus, the modifier “monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as not being a mixture of discrete antibodies. For example, the monoclonal antibodies may be made using the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256: 495 (1975) , or may be made by recombinant DNA methods (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567) . In the hybridoma method, a mouse or other appropriate host animal, such as a hamster or a llama, is immunized as hereinabove described to elicit lymphocytes that produce or are capable of producing antibodies that will specifically bind the protein used for immunization. Alternatively, lymphocytes may be immunized in vitro. Lymphocytes then are fused with myeloma cells using a suitable fusing agent, such as polyethylene glycol, to form a hybridoma cell (Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, pp. 59-103 (Academic Press, 1986) .
[0162] The immunizing agent will typically include the antigenic protein or a fusion variant thereof. Generally, either peripheral blood lymphocytes ( “PBLs” ) are used if cells of human origin are desired, or spleen cells or lymph node cells are used if non-human mammalian sources are desired. The lymphocytes are then fused with an immortalized cell line using a suitable fusing agent, such as polyethylene glycol, to form a hybridoma cell. Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, Academic Press (1986) , pp. 59-103.
[0163] Immortalized cell lines are usually transformed mammalian cells, particularly myeloma cells of rodent, bovine and human origin. Usually, rat or mouse myeloma cell lines are employed. The hybridoma cells thus prepared are seeded and grown in a suitable culture medium that preferably contains one or more substances that inhibit the growth or survival of the unfused, parental myeloma cells. For example, if the parental myeloma cells lack the enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT or HPRT) , the culture medium for the hybridomas typically will include hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine (HAT medium) , which are substances that prevent the growth of HGPRT-deficient cells.
[0164] Preferred immortalized myeloma cells are those that fuse efficiently, support stable high-level production of antibody by the selected antibody-producing cells, and are sensitive to a medium such as HAT medium. Among these, preferred are murine myeloma lines, such as those derived from MOPC-21 and MPC-11 mouse tumors available from the Salk Institute Cell Distribution Center, San Diego, Calif. USA, and SP-2 cells (and derivatives thereof, e.g., X63-Ag8-653) available from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va. USA. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines also have been described for the production of human monoclonal antibodies (Kozbor, J. Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984) ; Brodeur et al., Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987) ) .
[0165] Culture medium in which hybridoma cells are growing is assayed for production of monoclonal antibodies directed against the antigen. Preferably, the binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma cells is determined by immunoprecipitation or by an in vitro binding assay, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .
[0166] The culture medium in which the hybridoma cells are cultured can be assayed for the presence of monoclonal antibodies directed against the desired antigen. Preferably, the binding affinity and specificity of the monoclonal antibody can be determined by immunoprecipitation or by an in vitro binding assay, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked assay (ELISA) . Such techniques and assays are known in the in art. For example, binding affinity may be determined by the Scatchard analysis of Munson et al., Anal. Biochem., 107: 220 (1980) .
[0167] After hybridoma cells are identified that produce anti-IGF-1R antibodies of the desired specificity, affinity, and / or activity, the clones may be subcloned by limiting dilution procedures and grown by standard methods (Goding, supra) . Suitable culture media for this purpose include, for example, D-MEM or RPMI-1640 medium. A cell sorter may also be used. In addition, the hybridoma cells may be grown in vivo as tumors in a mammal.
[0168] The monoclonal anti-IGF-1R antibodies secreted by the subclones are suitably separated from the culture medium, ascites fluid, or serum by conventional immunoglobulin purification procedures such as, for example, protein A-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, or affinity chromatography.
[0169] Monoclonal anti-IGF-1R antibodies may also be made by recombinant DNA methods, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567, and as described above. DNA encoding the monoclonal antibodies is readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of murine antibodies) . The hybridoma cells serve as a preferred source of such DNA. Once isolated, the DNA may be placed into expression vectors, which are then transfected into host cells such as E. coli cells, simian COS cells, HEK cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, or myeloma cells that do not otherwise produce immunoglobulin protein, in order to synthesize monoclonal anti-IGF-1R antibodies in such recombinant host cells. Review articles on recombinant expression in bacteria of DNA encoding the antibody include Skerra et al., Curr. Opinion in Immunol., 5: 256-262 (1993) and Plückthun, Immunol. Revs. 130: 151-188 (1992) .
[0170] In a further embodiment, anti-IGF-1R antibodies can be isolated from antibody phage libraries generated using the techniques described in McCafferty et al., Nature, 348: 552-554 (1990) . Clackson et al., Nature, 352: 624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222: 581-597 (1991) describe the isolation of murine and human antibodies, respectively, using phage libraries. Subsequent publications describe the production of high affinity (nM range) human antibodies by chain shuffling (Marks et al., Bio / Technology, 10: 779-783 (1992) ) , as well as combinatorial infection and in vivo recombination as a strategy for constructing very large phage libraries (Waterhouse et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 21: 2265-2266 (1993) ) . Thus, these techniques are viable alternatives to traditional monoclonal antibody hybridoma techniques for isolation of monoclonal antibodies.
[0171] The DNA also may be modified, for example, by substituting the coding sequence for human heavy-and light-chain constant domains in place of the homologous murine sequences (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; Morrison, et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 6851 (1984) ) , or by covalently joining to the immunoglobulin coding sequence all or part of the coding sequence for a non-immunoglobulin polypeptide. Typically, such non-immunoglobulin polypeptides are substituted for the constant domains of an antibody, or they are substituted for the variable domains of one antigen-combining site of an antibody to create a chimeric bivalent antibody comprising one antigen-combining site having specificity for an antigen and another antigen-combining site having specificity for a different antigen.
[0172] The monoclonal anti-IGF-1R antibodies described herein may by monovalent, the preparation of which is well known in the art. For example, one method involves recombinant expression of immunoglobulin light chain and a modified heavy chain. The heavy chain is truncated generally at any point in the Fc region so as to prevent heavy chain crosslinking. Alternatively, the relevant cysteine residues may be substituted with another amino acid residue or are deleted so as to prevent crosslinking. In vitro methods are also suitable for preparing monovalent antibodies. Digestion of antibodies to produce fragments thereof, particularly Fab fragments, can be accomplished using routine techniques known in the art.
[0173] Chimeric or hybrid antibodies also may be prepared in vitro using known methods in synthetic protein chemistry, including those involving crosslinking agents. For example, immunotoxins may be constructed using a disulfide-exchange reaction or by forming a thioether bond. Examples of suitable reagents for this purpose include iminothiolate and methyl-4-mercaptobutyrimidate. Nucleic Acid Molecules Encoding Anti-IGF-1R Antibody Moieties
[0174] In some embodiments, there is provided a polynucleotide encoding any one of the anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein. In some embodiments, there is provided a polynucleotide prepared using any one of the methods as described herein. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule comprises a polynucleotide that encodes a heavy chain or a light chain of an antibody moiety (e.g., anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety) . In some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule comprises both a polynucleotide that encodes a heavy chain and a polynucleotide that encodes a light chain, of an antibody moiety (e.g., anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety) . In some embodiments, a first nucleic acid molecule comprises a first polynucleotide that encodes a heavy chain and a second nucleic acid molecule comprises a second polynucleotide that encodes a light chain.
[0175] In some such embodiments, the heavy chain and the light chain are expressed from one nucleic acid molecule, or from two separate nucleic acid molecules, as two separate polypeptides. In some embodiments, such as when an antibody is an scFv, a single polynucleotide encodes a single polypeptide comprising both a heavy chain and a light chain linked together.
[0176] In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a heavy chain or light chain of an antibody moiety (e.g., anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety) comprises a nucleotide sequence that encodes a leader sequence, which, when translated, is located at the N terminus of the heavy chain or light chain. As discussed above, the leader sequence may be the native heavy or light chain leader sequence or may be another heterologous leader sequence.
[0177] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is a DNA. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is an RNA. In some embodiments, the RNA is an mRNA.
[0178] Nucleic acid molecules may be constructed using recombinant DNA techniques conventional in the art. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule is an expression vector that is suitable for expression in a selected host cell. Nucleic Acid Construct
[0179] In some embodiments, there is provided a nucleic acid construct comprising any one of the polynucleotides described herein. In some embodiments, there is provided a nucleic acid construct prepared using any method described herein.
[0180] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid construct further comprises a promoter operably linked to the polynucleotide. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide corresponds to a gene, wherein the promoter is a wild-type promoter for the gene. Vectors
[0181] In some embodiments, there is provided a vector comprising any polynucleotides that encode the heavy chains and / or light chains of any one of the antibody moieties described herein (e.g., anti-IGF-1R antibody moieties) or nucleic acid construct described herein. In some embodiments, there is provided a vector prepared using any method described herein. Vectors comprising polynucleotides that encode any of anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein (e.g., anti-IGF-1R scFv) are also provided. Such vectors include, but are not limited to, DNA vectors, phage vectors, viral vectors, retroviral vectors, etc. In some embodiments, a vector comprises a first polynucleotide sequence encoding a heavy chain and a second polynucleotide sequence encoding a light chain. In some embodiments, the heavy chain and light chain are expressed from the vector as two separate polypeptides. In some embodiments, the heavy chain and light chain are expressed as part of a single polypeptide, such as, for example, when the anti-IGF-1R antibody is an scFv.
[0182] In some embodiments, a first vector comprises a polynucleotide that encodes a heavy chain and a second vector comprises a polynucleotide that encodes a light chain. In some embodiments, the first vector and second vector are transfected into host cells in similar amounts (such as similar molar amounts or similar mass amounts) . In some embodiments, a mole-or mass-ratio of between 5: 1 and 1: 5 of the first vector and the second vector is transfected into host cells. In some embodiments, a mass ratio of between 1: 1 and 1: 5 for the vector encoding the heavy chain and the vector encoding the light chain is used. In some embodiments, a mass ratio of 1: 2 for the vector encoding the heavy chain and the vector encoding the light chain is used.
[0183] In some embodiments, a vector is selected that is optimized for expression of polypeptides in CHO or CHO-derived cells, or in NSO cells. Exemplary such vectors are described, e.g., in Running Deer et al., Biotechnol. Prog. 20: 880-889 (2004) . Host Cells
[0184] In some embodiments, there is provided a host cell comprising any polypeptide, nucleic acid construct and / or vector described herein. In some embodiments, there is provided a host cell prepared using any method described herein. In some embodiments, the host cell is capable of producing any of the anti-IGF-1R antibody moieties described herein under a fermentation condition.
[0185] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moieties described herein may be expressed in prokaryotic cells, such as bacterial cells; or in eukaryotic cells, such as fungal cells (such as yeast) , plant cells, insect cells, and mammalian cells. Such expression may be carried out, for example, according to procedures known in the art. Exemplary eukaryotic cells that may be used to express polypeptides include, but are not limited to, COS cells, including COS 7 cells; 293 cells, including 293-6E cells; CHO cells, including CHO-S, CHO-GS, DG44. Lec13 CHO cells, and FUT8 CHO cells; PER. cells (Crucell) ; HEK cells, and NSO cells. In some embodiments, the antibody moieties described herein (e.g., anti-IGF-1R antibody moieties) may be expressed in yeast. See, e.g., U.S. Publication No. US 2006 / 0270045 A1. In some embodiments, a particular eukaryotic host cell is selected based on its ability to make desired post-translational modifications to the heavy chains and / or light chains of the antibody moiety. For example, in some embodiments, CHO cells produce polypeptides that have a higher level of sialylation than the same polypeptide produced in 293 cells.
[0186] Introduction of one or more nucleic acids into a desired host cell may be accomplished by any method, including but not limited to, calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, infection, etc. Non-limiting exemplary methods are described, e.g., in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (2001) . Nucleic acids may be transiently or stably transfected in the desired host cells, according to any suitable method.
[0187] The present application also provides host cells comprising any of the polynucleotides or vectors described herein. In some embodiments, the application provides a host cell comprising an anti-IGF-1R antibody. Any host cells capable of over-expressing heterologous DNAs can be used for the purpose of isolating the genes encoding the antibody, polypeptide or protein of interest. Non-limiting examples of mammalian host cells include but not limited to COS, HeLa, and CHO cells. See also PCT Publication No. WO 87 / 04462. Suitable non-mammalian host cells include prokaryotes (such as E. coli or B. subtillis) and yeast (such as S. cerevisae, S. pombe; or K. lactis) .
[0188] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety is produced in a cell-free system. Non-limiting exemplary cell-free systems are described, e.g., in Sitaraman et al., Methods Mol. Biol. 498: 229-44 (2009) ; Spirin, Trends Biotechnol. 22: 538-45 (2004) ; Endo et al., Biotechnol. Adv. 21: 695-713 (2003) . Culture Medium
[0189] In some embodiments, there is provided a culture medium comprising any anti-IGF-1R antibody moiety, polynucleotide, nucleic acid construct, vector, and / or host cell described herein. In some embodiments, there is provided a culture medium prepared using any method described herein.
[0190] In some embodiments, the medium comprises hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and / or thymidine (e.g., HAT medium) . In some embodiments, the medium does not comprise serum. In some embodiments, the medium comprises serum. In some embodiments, the medium is a D-MEM or RPMI-1640 medium.
[0191] In some embodiments the culture medium is chemically defined. In some embodiments the culture medium is specifically derived for a specific cell line (e.g., CHO GS cells) . Purification of Antibody Moieties
[0192] The anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof may be purified by any suitable method. Such methods include, but are not limited to, the use of affinity matrices or hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Suitable affinity ligands include the ROR1 ECD and ligands that bind antibody constant regions. For example, a Protein A, Protein G, Protein A / G, or an antibody affinity column may be used to bind the constant region and to purify an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising an Fc fragment. Hydrophobic interactive chromatography, for example, a butyl or phenyl column, may also be suitable for purifying some polypeptides such as antibodies. Ion exchange chromatography (e.g. anion exchange chromatography and / or cation exchange chromatography) may also be suitable for purifying some polypeptides such as antibodies. Mixed-mode chromatography (e.g. reversed phase / anion exchange, reversed phase / cation exchange, hydrophilic interaction / anion exchange, hydrophilic interaction / cation exchange, etc. ) may also be suitable for purifying some polypeptides such as antibodies. Many methods of purifying polypeptides are known in the art. V. Methods of Treatments, Products for Preventing or Treating a Disease or Condition, and Use of Products for Preventing or Treating a Disease or Condition
[0193] Also provided herein are methods of treating a disease or condition in an individual. The methods comprise administering any of the anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein into individuals (e.g., mammals such as humans) .
[0194] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions or antibodies (such as any of the antibodies or pharmaceutical composition described herein) for treating or preventing a disease or condition in an individual. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is a dysregulated immune system.
[0195] Also provided herein are uses of a pharmaceutical composition or an antibody (such as any of the antibodies or pharmaceutical composition described herein) for treating or preventing a disease or condition in an individual. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is a dysregulated immune system.
[0196] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or a pharmaceutical composition thereof) described herein. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system.
[0197] In some embodiments, the disease or condition is Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0198] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, 28, or 29, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 12, 13 and 14, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; or c) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0199] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 45 or 51, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 43, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 44, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 46, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 39, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, 37, or 40, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, 36, or 38, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 or 41, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; c) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5; or d) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an auto-immune disease, e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0200] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39 or 50, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39 or 50, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an auto-immune disease, e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0201] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; or b) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; or b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; or b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an auto-immune disease, e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0202] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an auto-immune disease, e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0203] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an auto-immune disease, e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0204] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; or b) an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; or b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; or b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an auto-immune disease, e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0205] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an auto-immune disease, e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0206] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the HC-CDRs; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a variant thereof comprising up to 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid substitutions in the LC-CDRs. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, an HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37, and an HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises an LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38, an LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and an LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HC-CDR1, an HC-CDR2, and an HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and an LC-CDR1, an LC-CDR2, and an LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity. In some embodiments, the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with a dysregulated immune system. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an auto-immune disease, e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) . In some embodiments, the disease or condition is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual.
[0207] In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions described above are limited to “exemplary substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions are limited to “preferred substitutions” shown in Table 2 of this application.
[0208] In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal (such as a human) .
[0209] In some embodiments, the individual has an elevated serum level of anti-nuclear antibodies (e.g., at least about 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 300%, 400%, or 500%higher serum level anti-nuclear antibodies than that of a healthy individual) . In some embodiments, the individual has an elevated serum level of anti-dsDNA antibodies (e.g., at least about 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 300%, 400%, or 500%higher serum level anti-dsDNA antibodies than that of a healthy individual) . In some embodiments, the individual has an elevated serum level of IFNα (e.g., at least about 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 300%, 400%, or 500%higher serum level of IFNα than that of a healthy individual) . In some embodiments, the individual has an elevated protein level in urine (e.g., at least about 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 300%, 400%, or 500%higher level of protein in urine than that of a healthy individual) . Dosing and Method of Administering the anti-IGF-1R Antibody
[0210] The dosing regimen of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (such as the specific dosages and frequencies) used for treating a disease or disorder as described herein administered into the individual may vary with the particular anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the mode of administration, and the type of disease or condition being treated. In some embodiments, the effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is an amount that is effective to alleviate at least one symptom of the disease or condition. In some embodiments, the effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is an amount that is sufficient to prolong overall remission of the disease or condition in the individual. In some embodiments, the effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is an amount that is sufficient to produce clinical benefit of more than about any of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%among a population of individuals treated with the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0211] In some embodiments, the effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is an amount that slows or inhibits the progression of the disease or condition (for example, by at least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) as compared to that of the individual not receiving the treatment. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an autoimmune disease. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) .
[0212] In some embodiments, the effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof reduces serum level of anti-nuclear antibodies by at least about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%compared to that of a reference individual (e.g., an individual having the same disease or condition but not treated with the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof) . In some embodiments, the effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof reduces serum level of anti-dsDNA antibodies by at least about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%compared to that of a reference individual (e.g., an individual having the same disease or condition but not treated with the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof) . In some embodiments, the effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof reduces serum level of IFNα by at least about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%compared to that of a reference individual (e.g., an individual having the same disease or condition but not treated with the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof) . In some embodiments, the effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof reduces protein levels in urine by at least about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%compared to that of a reference individual (e.g., an individual having the same disease or condition but not treated with the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof) .
[0213] In some embodiments, the effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is an amount that reduces the side effects (auto-immune response) of a condition (e.g., Thyroid Eye Disease, TED) (for example, by at least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50%) as compared to that of the individual not receiving the treatment.
[0214] The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can be administered to an individual (such as human) via various routes, including, for example, intravenous, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intrapulmonary, oral, inhalation, intravesicular, intramuscular, intra-tracheal, subcutaneous, intraocular, intrathecal, transmucosal, and transdermal. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is included in a pharmaceutical composition while administered into the individual. In some embodiments, sustained continuous release formulation of the composition may be used. In some embodiments, the composition is administered intravenously. In some embodiments, the composition is administered intraperitoneally. In some embodiments, the composition is administered intravenously. In some embodiments, the composition is administered intraperitoneally. In some embodiments, the composition is administered intramuscularly. In some embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously. In some embodiments, the composition is administered intravenously. In some embodiments, the composition is administered orally. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) is administered intravenously or subcutaneously into the individual. Combination therapy
[0215] This application also provides methods of administering an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof into an individual for treating a disease or condition, wherein the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy is a standard or commonly used agent or therapy for treating the disease or condition.
[0216] In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is administered simultaneously with the second agent or therapy. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is administered concurrently with the second agent or therapy. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is administered sequentially with the second agent or therapy. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is administered prior to the second agent or therapy. In some embodiments, the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is administered after the second agent or therapy. VI. Compositions, Kits and Articles of manufacture
[0217] Also provided herein are compositions (such as formulations) comprising any one of the anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein, nucleic acids encoding the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, vectors comprising any of the nucleic acids encoding the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, or host cells comprising any of the nucleic acids or vectors.
[0218] Suitable formulations of the anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein can be obtained by mixing the anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof having the desired degree of purity with optional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980) ) , in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions. Acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propylparaben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol) ; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal complexes (e.g. Zn-protein complexes) ; and / or non-ionic surfactants such as TWEENTM, PLURONICSTM or polyethylene glycol (PEG) . Lyophilized formulations adapted for subcutaneous administration are described in WO97 / 04801. Such lyophilized formulations may be reconstituted with a suitable diluent to a high protein concentration and the reconstituted formulation may be administered subcutaneously to the individual to be imaged, diagnosed, or treated herein.
[0219] The formulations to be used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This is readily accomplished by, e.g., filtration through sterile filtration membranes.
[0220] Also provided are kits comprising any one of the anti-IGF-1R antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein.
[0221] In some embodiments, there is provided a kit comprising an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binding to IGF-1R.
[0222] In some embodiments, the kit further comprises a device capable of delivering the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof into an individual. One type of device, for applications such as parenteral delivery, is a syringe that is used to inject the composition into the body of a subject. Inhalation devices may also be used for certain applications.
[0223] In some embodiments, the kit further comprises a therapeutic agent for treating a disease or condition, e.g., autoimmune disease, such as thyroid eye disease, e.g., fibrosis.
[0224] The kits of the present application are in suitable packaging. Suitable packaging includes, but is not limited to, vials, bottles, jars, flexible packaging (e.g., sealed Mylar or plastic bags) , and the like. Kits may optionally provide additional components such as buffers and interpretative information.
[0225] The present application thus also provides articles of manufacture. The article of manufacture can comprise a container and a label or package insert on or associated with the container. Suitable containers include vials (such as sealed vials) , bottles, jars, flexible packaging, and the like. Generally, the container holds a composition, and may have a sterile access port (for example the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle) . The label or package insert indicates that the composition is used for imaging, diagnosing, or treating a particular condition in an individual. The label or package insert will further comprise instructions for administering the composition to the individual and for imaging the individual. The label may indicate directions for reconstitution and / or use. The container holding the composition may be a multi-use vial, which allows for repeat administrations (e.g. from 2-6 administrations) of the reconstituted formulation. Package insert refers to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of diagnostic products that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, contraindications and / or warnings concerning the use of such diagnostic products. Additionally, the article of manufacture may further comprise a second container comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable buffer, such as bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI) , phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution and dextrose solution. It may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, and syringes.
[0226] The kits or article of manufacture may include multiple unit doses of the compositions and instructions for use, packaged in quantities sufficient for storage and use in pharmacies, for example, hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies.
[0227] Those skilled in the art will recognize that several embodiments are possible within the scope and spirit of this application. The application will now be described in greater detail by reference to the following non-limiting examples. The following examples further illustrate the application but, of course, should not be construed as in any way limiting its scope.EXAMPLES
[0228] The examples below are intended to be purely exemplary of the application and should therefore not be considered to limit the application in any way. The following examples and detailed description are offered by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. Example 1. Preparation and Screening of Anti-IGF-1R Antibody Hybridoma
[0229] 1. Immunizations
[0230] Human IGF-1R extracellular segment protein was emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant and then used to immunize Balb / c mice. Two weeks later, human IGF-1R extracellular segment protein was emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant and used to immunize the mice by subcutaneous injection once every two weeks for another three times.
[0231] 2. Cell fusion and high-throughput screening
[0232] When the serum titer meets the requirements, the spleen of the mouse is removed to prepare a B lymphocyte suspension and electrofused with SP2 / 0 myeloma cells. The fused cells was diluted with screening medium (1640 medium containing 20%FBS, 1 x hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) ) to 1~2×104 cells / ml, and added into a 96-well plate, with 100 μl of the cell suspension in each well. The medium was replaced with the screening medium (1640 medium containing 10%FBS, 1 x HT) on the 7th day after fusion. The supernatant was harvested for screening on day 10 of culturing (or longer, depending on the cell growth status) .
[0233] Hybridoma cells specifically expressing anti-IGF-1R antibodies were selected by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) . Specifically, cells to be screened (huIGF-1R / GS-CHO, constructed in-house) were counted and diluted to 1×106 cells / ml, and 100 μl was added to each well in a U-shaped bottom 96-well plate. The cells were centrifuged at 500g for 5 min to remove the cell culture medium. 100 μl of supernatant from the hybridoma culture as described above was added to each well of the U-shaped bottom plate and the cells were resuspended and rested on ice for 30 minutes. The plate was then centrifuged at 500g for 5 minutes to remove the supernatant, and the cells were washed once with PBS. The plate was then centrifuged at 500g for 5 minutes to remove PBS. 100 μl anti-mouse Fab APC-labeled secondary antibody was added to each well. For the positive control, 100 μl anti-human Fc PE (labeled secondary antibody was added. The cells were incubated on ice in the dark for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged at 500g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed and the cells were washed once with PBS and resuspend in 50 μl 1×PBS for FACS detection. Positive clones were tested in blocking experiments with IGF-1R and IGF1. The clones with strong blocking function were subcloned using the limiting dilution method as described below and monoclonal cells were picked.
[0234] 3. Sub-cloning of Anti-IGF-1R positive hybridomas
[0235] Limiting dilution was performed as follows. 200 μl cell medium was added to each well of a 96-well plate. The medium was the same as the screening medium described above, except that HAT was replaced with Hypoxanthine and Thymidine (HT) . Clones selected above were suspended, and 100 μl of the suspension was added to each well in the first row and mixed thoroughly. 100 μl of the cell suspension in the first row was added to the second row and mixed thoroughly, and 100 μl of mix in the second row was added to the next row. The above steps were repeated. The 96-well plate was rested for 30 minutes, and cells were counted under a microscope. The volume corresponding to 100 cells was added to 20 ml of culture medium, mixed and plated with 200 μl per well. One week later, single clone wells were marked.
[0236] When the confluence of cells in each well reaches more than 50%, the cells were tested with the high-throughput screening method described above, and the target positive wells were selected, and the cells were cryopreserved after expansion. Example 2. Preparation of Anti-IGF-1R Antibodies
[0237] 1. Construction of chimeric Fab
[0238] The antibody light and heavy chain gene sequences were isolated from the hybridoma candidate clones obtained in Example 1, and used to construct human-mouse chimeric Fab antibodies.
[0239] Approximately 5×106 cells from each freshly cultured cell line were used to extract RNA. cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription and the antibody light chain and heavy chain variable region gene fragments were amplified using upstream primers based on the sequence located in the FR1 region at the 5' end, and downstream primers based on the sequence located in the antibody constant region or FR4 region. The amplicon sequences were cloned into T vector, and single clones were picked for sequencing.
[0240] After sequence comparison, the correct and matched antibody light and heavy chain variable region sequences were clone into a vector, where the heavy chain CH1 constant region is human IgG1 subtype with an additional His tag, and the light chain CL constant region is human kappa subtype. Plasmids expressing the light chain and heavy chain antibodies are thus obtained.
[0241] Next, the light chain plasmid and heavy chain plasmid of the same antibody were mixed to transfect 293F cells with polyethylenimine (PEI) . After 5-7 days of culture and when the cell viability was lower than 60%, the cell culture supernatant was collected and the chimeric Fab antibodies were purified using a Ni affinity chromatography column.
[0242] 2. Preparation and purification of the antibodies
[0243] Expi293F cells were cultured with Expi293F medium, and the cell density was adjusted to 3×106 cells / ml on the day of transfection.
[0244] Opti-MEM medium was used as the transfection buffer, and DNA to be transfected was added and mixed thoroughly; PEIMax was added and mixed thoroughly, followed by incubation at room temperature for 20 minutes. The mixture was gently poured into the Expi293F cell suspension, and the cells were then placed on a shaker for incubation and purification of the target protein. Briefly, for purification, affinity chromatography column were used. The cell solution was passed through the column, which is then washed to remove non-specific binding proteins. The elute was filtered and sterilized for use in subsequent ion exchange chromatography.
[0245] For in vitro reduction and oxidation: the protein collection solution obtained by affinity chromatography was mixed with GSH and adjusted the pH to 8.0, and left at room temperature overnight. The reaction solution was changed to PBS and placed at 4℃ until use.
[0246] Ion exchange chromatography column was then used to purify double antibodies.
[0247] The purity of the collected samples in each fraction was assessed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) . According to the SEC results, samples in the fraction tubes with a purity greater than 95%were combined and changed to PBS to quantify protein concentration. Example 3. Humanization of Anti-IGF-1R Antibodies
[0248] The sequences of CDRs, VH, and VL and consensus sequences of the CDRs of the two Fab antibodies, 2G3E3 and 37D1H3 clones obtained using the methods described above are listed in Tables E1A1-E1B3. The sequences are humanized as follows: 1) determine the CDR sequences; 2) find the closest homologous sequence for the V / J region respectively in the human germline sequence database; 3) graft the CDR region of the antibody to the human framework region; 4) analyze sequence and structural features to determine the amino acid positions in the framework region that maintain the CDR function; 5) analyze whether important amino acid positions undergo backmutation; 6) optimize amino acids at important sites. The sequences of CDRs, VH, and VL of humanized antibodies (also in the Fab format) obtained using the methods described above are also listed in Tables E1A1-E1B3.
[0249] Because of the high similarity of the CDR sequences among the two groups, consensus sequences are also included. Table E1A1: Group A Table E1A2 Table E1A3 Table E1B1: Group B Table E1B2 Table E1B3 Example 4. Affinity Maturation of Anti-IGF-1R Antibodies
[0250] Clone hz37D1H3.9 was engineered to achieve affinity maturation using yeast display. The main processes included library construction, library screening, yeast clone identification, protein expression, monoclonal antibody property analysis and in vitro functional assessment. Combined with high-throughput sequencing technology, the samples derived from hybridoma screening were sequenced and analyzed to find the key sites for antigen binding, and saturation mutations were performed on the key sites to construct 5 affinity mature libraries, which were sorted by magnetic bead and flow cytometry. In magnetic bead sorting, 20 nM Biotin-IGF-1R was used to screen 5 libraries. In flow cytometric sorting, the equilibrium screening method or competition kinetics method was used, with the antigen concentration at 5 nM. After multiple rounds of sorting, approximately 500 PTM-free molecules with high affinity at the yeast level were obtained. Molecules with relatively high MFI were selected as candidate molecules. About 80 candidate molecules of IgG configuration were constructed for expression identification. Example 5. Measurement of Binding Affinity of Anti-IGF-1R Antibodies
[0251] The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of the antibodies of the present application for binding to human, cynomolgus monkey, rat, and mouse IGF-1R was measured by biofilm interference method (BLI) using ForteBio affinity measurement according to known methods (Estep, P et al., High throughput solution based measurement of antibody antigen affinity and epitope binning. MAbs, 2013.5 (2) : p. 270-278) .
[0252] Half an hour before the start of the experiment, according to the number of samples, an appropriate number of AHC (18-5060, Sartorius) sensors were soaked in SD buffer (PBS 1×, BSA 0.1%, Tween 20 0.05%) .
[0253] 100 μl of SD buffer, antibody, and antigen were added to a 96-well black polystyrene half-volume microplate (Greiner, 675076) . The sensor location was decided based on the layout of the samples on the plate. The instrument setting parameters were as follows: operating steps: Baseline for 120 s, Loading for 1nm, Baseline for 120 s, Association for 100 s and Dissociation for 120 s, and the rotation speed was 1000 rpm, and the temperature was 30℃. KD values were analyzed using ForteBio analysis software.
[0254] The results show that the clones in this study had extremely high affinity for human and cynomolgus monkey IGF-1R and do not bind to mouse IGF-1R (Tables E2A-E2C) . Table E2A: Binding affinities of the antibodies of the present disclosure. Table E2B: Binding affinities of the antibodies of the present disclosure. Table E2C: Binding affinities of the antibodies of the present disclosure.
[0255] Additionally, BC1307-F1 (which is a Fab) and Hz2G3E3.20 EG were used to prepare anti-IGF-1R / TSHR bispecific antibodies (Table E2D) .
[0256] The bispecific antibodies in the present application were prepared by expressing and purifying two parent proteins separately and then recombining them through reduction and oxidation in vitro.
[0257] The sequence was synthesized by GENEWIZ and loaded into the pcDNA3.1 vector.
[0258] Expi293F cells were cultured in Expi293F medium. The cell density was adjusted to 3 × 106 cells / mL on the day of transfection.
[0259] 1 / 10 of the final transfection volume of Opti-MEM medium was used as the transfection buffer, and each plasmid to be transfected was added at a ratio of 1 mg / L, with molar ratio between the light chain plasmid and heavy chain plasmid at 1: 1. After thorough mixing, PEIMax was added according to DNA: PEI mass ratio of 1: 3 and mixed well. The mixture was then incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes, and then gently added into the Expi293F cell suspension. Cells were then cultured at 36.5℃ and 120 rpm with 8%CO2.
[0260] After culturing for 16 to 18 hours, glucose solution was added to a final concentration of 5 g / L and Valproic acid sodium salt was added to a final concentration of 2.2 mM to the cell suspension, and mixed gently. The cells continued to be cultured at 36.5℃ and 120 rpm with 8%CO2 for 7 days until sample collection. For sample collection, after centrifugation, the cells were filtered with a 0.22 μm disposable vacuum filter device. Table E2D: anti-IGF-1R / TSHR bispecific antibodies
[0261] The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of the bispecific antibodies were measured as described above. The results are shown in Table E2E. Table E2E: Binding affinities of anti-IGF-1R / TSHR bispecific antibodies Example 6. Binding of Anti-IGF-1R Antibodies to Cells
[0262] Flow cytometry was used to determine the binding activity of the antibodies of the present disclosure to IGF-1R-CHOS cells.
[0263] Specifically, CHOS cells that highly express IGF-1R were diluted to 8×106 cells / mL, and 25 μL was added to each well. The benchmark antibody was prepared at 600 nM, and the antibody of the present disclosure was prepared at 600 nM (Fabs were prepared at 1200 nM) , and 5-fold gradient dilution was performed. The cells were centrifuged and supernatant was discarded before antibodies were added at 50 μL / well; and the cells and the antibodies were incubated at 4℃ for 60 minutes. Three washes with PBS (USA Gibco, Cat10010-023) were performed. Secondary antibody Goat anti-human IgG-PE (US Southern Biotech, Cat2040-09) antibody (1: 250) (Fab form antibody Goat anti human IgG F (ab) 2 FITC (US Invitrogen, CatVG3024304) ) was added at 50 μL / wells and incubated at 4℃ for 30 min. The cells were then washed 3 times with PBS and resuspended in PBS. Finally, a flow cytometer was used to detect the fluorescence signal intensity of cells in the PE channel. The binding activity between the antibody of the present disclosure and IGF-1R-CHOS cells was measured as the cell fluorescence value, which was analyzed by GraphPad analysis software to calculate EC50.
[0264] The results show that the antibody of the present disclosure 37D1H3 Fab with only one binding moiety binds to IGF-1R overexpressed CHO cells with the highest MFI value among all tested antibodies. The EC50 of 37D1H3 Fab is much higher than teprotumumab and comparable to AVE1642 which has two binding moieties. These results demonstrate the superior binding affinity of the 37D1H3 antibody with the human IGF-1R (FIG. 1A; Table E3A) . Table E3A: EC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 1A
[0265] Bispecific antibodies generated in Example 5 were also tested for cell binding. As shown in FIGs. 1B-1E and Tables E3B-E3E, the bispecific antibodies demonstrated superior binding affinity to CHOS-human IGF-1R and GS-CHO rhesus IGF-1R cells. Table E3B: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 1B Table E3C: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 1C Table E3D: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 1D Table E3E: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 1E Example 7. The blocking activity of anti-IGF-1R antibodies
[0266] The effectiveness of the antibody of the present disclosure in blocking IGF-1 / IGF-1R binding was measured using flow cytometry.
[0267] Specifically, CHOS cells that highly express IGF-1R were diluted to 8×106 cells / mL, and 25 μL was added to each well. The benchmark antibody was prepared at 600 nM, and the antibody of the present disclosure was prepared at 600 nM (Fabs were prepared at 1200 nM) , and 5-fold gradient dilution was performed. Antibody (50 μL / well) was incubated with cells at 4℃ for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, 4 μg / ml Biotinylated human IGF-1, His, Avitag (Acro, Cat IG1-H82Q6) protein was added directly at 25 μL / well, and incubated at 4℃ for 1.5 hours. Three washes with PBS (Gibco, USA, Cat10010-023) were performed. Secondary antibody Streptavidin-R-phycoerythrin (SAPE) (USA THERMO, CatS21388) antibody (1: 200) was added at 50 μL / well, and incubated at 4℃ for 30 minutes. The cells were then washed 3 times with PBS and resuspended in PBS. Finally, a flow cytometer was used to detect the fluorescence signal intensity of cells in the PE channel. The binding activity between the antibody of the present disclosure and IGF-1R-CHOS cells was measured as the cell fluorescence value, which was analyzed by GraphPad analysis software to calculate IC50.
[0268] The results show that the antibodies in this study, specifically, 37D1H3, 2G3E3 and their humanized antibodies effectively block the binding of IGF-1 to IGF-1R, but does not significantly blocking effect on the binding to IGF-2 / IGF-1R, showing higher specificity compared to e.g., teprotumumab (FIGs. 2A-2E; Tables E4A-E4E) . Table E4A: IC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 2A Table E4B: IC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 2B Table E4C: IC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 2C Table E4D: IC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 2D Table E4E: IC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 2E Bispecific antibodies generated in Example 5 were also tested for blocking activities of IGF-1 / IGF-1R binding using CHOS cells as described above. As shown in FIGs. 2F-2G and Tables E4F-E4G, the bispecific antibodies can effectively block the binding of IGF-1 to IGF-1R. Table E4F: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 2F Table E4G: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 2G Example 8. Effects of Anti-IGF-1R Antibodies on HT29 Cell Proliferation
[0269] Effects of anti-IGF-1R antibodies on HT29 cell proliferation was assessed. HT29 is a cell line that can be used for high throughput screening of primary fibroblast of orbital tissue from thyroid eye disease patients. See e.g., Vanamala et al. BMC Cancer 2010, 10: 238. CCK8 was used to detect the inhibitory ability of the antibody of the present application on the proliferation of HT29 cells.
[0270] Specifically, HT29 cells were first digested with trypsin and centrifuged. The supernatant was discarded, and the cells were resuspended in complete medium (RPMI 1640 medium + 10%FBS) . The cells were counted, and cell density was adjusted to 1×104 cells / ml. The cells were added to a 96-well flat bottom plate at 100 μl / well and cultured overnight at 1000 cells / well. After 24 hours, the culture medium was discarded, and serum-free medium was used to wash the cells once. 150 μl / well of serum-free medium was added, and the plate was placed in the incubator for 24 hours to starve the cells. 24 hours later, the serum-free medium in the cell culture wells was aspirated, and prepared antibodies were added at 150 μl / well. The antibodies were prepared by using 1%serum medium, where the initial concentration of the antibody was 1000 nM and then diluted 1: 7. The cells were continued to be incubated for 3 days in a carbon dioxide cell incubator, after which CCK8 (Dojindo, Cat TQ759) reagent was added at 10 μl / well, and the cells were incubated in the incubator for 4 hours. OD450 and OD620 were measured with a microplate reader, and the OD value fitting curve was analyzed and IC50 was calculated by GraphPad analysis software.
[0271] The results show that the antibodies of the present application effectively inhibit the proliferation of HT29 cells, and the inhibitory effect is as strong as that of Teprotumumab (FIGs. 3A-3B; Tables E5A-E5B) . Table E5A: IC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 3A Table E5B: IC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 3B As shown in FIGs. 3C-3E. bispecific antibodies of this study can completely inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cells, and the effect is stronger than Teprotumumab (Tables E5C-E5E) . Table E5C: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 3C Table E5D: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 3D Table E5D: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 3E Example 9. Effects of Anti-IGF-1R Antibodies on Orbital Fibroblasts Proliferation
[0272] CCK8 was used to detect the inhibitory ability of the antibody of the present application on the proliferation of orbital fibroblasts.
[0273] Specifically, orbital fibroblast cells were first digested with trypsin and centrifuged. The supernatant was discarded, and the cells were resuspended in complete medium (DMEM / F-12 (1: 1) (Gibco, Cat C11330500BT) + 10%FBS) . The cells were counted and cell density was adjusted to 1×104 cells / ml. The cells were added to a 96-well flat bottom plate at 100 μl / well, and cultured overnight at 1000 cells / well. After 24 hours, the culture medium was discarded, and serum-free medium was used to wash the cells once. 150 μl / well of serum-free medium was added, and the plate was placed in the incubator for 24 hours to starve the cells. 24 hours later, the serum-free medium in the cell culture wells was aspirated, and prepared antibodies were added at 150 μl / well. The antibodies were prepared by using 1%serum medium + 500 ng / ml IGF-1, where the initial concentration of the antibody was 1000 nM and then diluted 1: 7. The cells were continued to be incubated for 3 days in a carbon dioxide cell incubator, after which CCK8 (Dojindo, Cat TQ759) reagent was added at 10 μl / well, and the cells were incubated in the incubator for 4 hours. OD450 and OD620 were measured with a microplate reader, and the OD value fitting curve was analyzed and IC50 was calculated by GraphPad analysis software.
[0274] As shown in FIGs. 4A-4B and Table E6A, the antibody BC1307-F1 effectively inhibits the proliferation of orbital fibroblasts, and the inhibitory effect is among the strongest of all the antibodies. Table E6A: IC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 4A
[0275] As shown in FIGs. 4C-4E and Tables E6B-E6D, the bispecific antibodies can significantly inhibit the proliferation of orbital fibroblasts, and the effect is stronger than that of Teprotumumab. Table E6B: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 4C Table E6C: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 4D Table E6D: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 4E Example 10. Effects of Anti-IGF-1R Antibodies on Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Secretion of Orbital Fibroblasts
[0276] HA secretion in the cell culture supernatant was measured by ELISA to assess the inhibitory effect of the antibody of the present application, e.g., BC1307-F1, on the secretion of hyaluronic acid (HA) by orbital fibroblasts.
[0277] Specifically, orbital fibroblasts derived from patients with thyroid eye disease were first digested with trypsin and centrifuged. The supernatant was discarded, and the cells were resuspended in complete medium (DMEM / F-12 (1: 1) + 10%FBS) . The cells were counted and cell density was adjusted to 1×104 cells / ml. The cells were added to a 96-well flat bottom plate at 100 μl / well, and cultured overnight at 1000 cells / well. After 24 hours, the culture medium was discarded, and serum-free medium was used to wash the cells once. 150 μl / well of serum-free medium was added, and the plate was placed in the incubator for 24 hours to starve the cells. 24 hours later, the serum-free medium in the cell culture wells was aspirated, and prepared antibodies were added at 150 μl / well. The antibodies were prepared by using 1%serum medium + 500 ng / ml IGF-1, where the initial concentration of the antibody was 1000 nM and then diluted 1: 7. The cells were continued to be incubated for 3 days in a carbon dioxide cell incubator. The supernatant was collected and diluted 20-fold for ELISA using Hyaluronan Quantikine ELISA (USA, R&D SYSTEMS, Cat PDHYALO) to measure the HA content in the supernatant according to the instructions, and OD450 and OD620 were determined by a microplate reader, and the OD value fitting curve was analyzed and IC50 was calculated by GraphPad analysis software.
[0278] The results show that the antibody BC1307-F1 can effectively inhibit the secretion of hyaluronic acid by orbital fibroblasts in patients with thyroid eye disease, and the effect is the strongest of all tested antibodies (FIGs. 5A-5B; Table E7A) . Table E7A: IC50 of tested antibodies in FIG. 5A
[0279] As shown in FIGs. 5C-5E and Tables E7B-E7D, the bispecific antibodies can significantly inhibit the secretion of hyaluronic acid (HA) in fibroblasts, and the effect is stronger than Teprotumumab. Table E7B: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 5C Table E7C: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 5D Table E7D: IC50 of bispecific antibody in FIG. 5E SEQUENCE TABLE
Claims
1.An anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprising:a) a HC-CDR1, a HC-CDR2, and a HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, and a LC-CDR1, a LC-CDR2, and a LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9.b) a HC-CDR1, a HC-CDR2, and a HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, and a LC-CDR1, a LC-CDR2, and a LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15;c) a HC-CDR1, a HC-CDR2, and a HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, and a LC-CDR1, a LC-CDR2, and a LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11;d) a HC-CDR1, a HC-CDR2, and a HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, and a LC-CDR1, a LC-CDR2, and a LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15;e) a HC-CDR1, a HC-CDR2, and a HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and a LC-CDR1, a LC-CDR2, and a LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15;f) a HC-CDR1, a HC-CDR2, and a HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and a LC-CDR1, a LC-CDR2, and a LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2;g) a HC-CDR1, a HC-CDR2, and a HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and a LC-CDR1, a LC-CDR2, and a LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4;h) a HC-CDR1, a HC-CDR2, and a HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and a LC-CDR1, a LC-CDR2, and a LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; ori) a HC-CDR1, a HC-CDR2, and a HC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VH chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and a LC-CDR1, a LC-CDR2, and a LC-CDR3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 within a VL chain region having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.2.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein:a) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 39, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, 37, or 40, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, 36, or 38, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 or 41, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; orb) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, 28, or 29, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.3.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1 or 2, wherein:a) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39 or 50, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35;b) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27;c) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27;d) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27;e) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:33, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35;f) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; org) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 49, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35.4.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-3, wherein:a) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 45 or 51, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 43, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 44, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 46, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; orb) the VH comprises a HC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or 48, a HC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42, and a HC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24; and the VL comprises a LC-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, a LC-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and a LC-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.5.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-4, comprising a variable region of heavy chain, wherein the variable region of heavy chain comprises:i) an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14; orii) an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14.6.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-5, comprising a variable region of light chain, wherein the variable region of light chain comprises:i) an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 15; orii) an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 15.7.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-6, wherein:a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity;b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity;c) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity;d) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity;e) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity;f) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity;g) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity;h) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; ori) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity; and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity.8.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-7, wherein:a) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9;b) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15;c) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15;d) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15;e) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11;f) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2;g) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5; orh) the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.9.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of a full-length antibody, a bispecific antibody, a single-chain Fv (scFv) fragment, a Fab fragment, a Fab’ fragment, a F (ab’ ) 2, an Fv fragment, a disulfide stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) , a (dsFv) 2, a Fv-Fc fusion, a scFv-Fc fusion, a scFv-Fv fusion, a diabody, a tribody, and a tetrabody.10.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a full-length antibody.11.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-10, comprising an Fc fragment is selected from the group consisting of Fc fragments from IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, and combinations and hybrids thereof.12.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 11, wherein the Fc fragment is selected from the group consisting of Fc fragments from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and combinations and hybrids thereof.13.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 11 or 12, wherein the Fc fragment comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 or 52.14.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 11 or 12, wherein the Fc fragment comprises one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of: L234A / L235A, S364R, D399K, Y349T, K370S, and K409D compared to a reference Fc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47 or 52.15.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a chimeric anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.16.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a humanized anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.17.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is monoclonal.18.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.19.The anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the VH comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.20.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-19, and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier.21.An isolated nucleic acid encoding the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-19.22.A vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 21.23.An isolated host cell comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 21, or the vector of claim 22.24.An immunoconjugate comprising the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-19, linked to a therapeutic agent or a label.25.A method of producing an anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprising:a) culturing the isolated host cell of claim 23 under conditions effective to express the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof; andb) obtaining the expressed anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof from the host cell.26.A method of treating a disease or condition in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-19, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 20.27.The method of claim 26, wherein the disease or condition is Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) or fibrosis.28.The method of claim 26 or 27, wherein the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-19 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 20 is administered intravenously or subcutaneously to the individual.29.The method of any one of claims 26-28, wherein the individual is a human.30.A kit comprising the anti-IGF-1R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-19 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 20.