Method and system for recycling batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for recycling batteries (1) and / or battery components (20) by means of optically machine-readable codes (2), in particular data matrix codes or QR codes, applied to the batteries (1) and / or battery components (20) by means of a laser machining method, comprising the following steps: generating a data set (3) which contains information relevant for recycling the battery (1) and / or battery components (20); generating an optically machine-readable code (2), by means of which the data set (3) can be referenced; laser machining a surface (4) of the battery (1) and / or battery components (20) by means of a laser (5) in order to form the optically machine-readable code (2) on the surface (4); optically capturing the machine-readable code (2) by means of a scanner (6) and displaying the referenced data set (3).

Description

[0001] Method and system for recycling batteries

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for recycling batteries and / or battery components by means of optically machine-readable codes, in particular Data Matrix codes or QR codes, applied to the batteries and / or battery components by a laser processing method. The invention further relates to a system for recycling batteries.

[0003] The state of the art in the recycling of batteries and battery components encompasses various processes and techniques aimed at recovering and reusing the materials contained within the batteries. Batteries and battery components, particularly those from electric vehicles and other applications, consist of complex material compositions and diverse cell chemistries, making the recycling process demanding and challenging.

[0004] A widespread problem with current technology is the heterogeneous nature of the batteries and battery components delivered to scrap and recycling companies. These components vary considerably in size, cell chemistry, and format. The lack of standardization makes efficient processing and sorting of the materials difficult. In particular, recycling companies often do not know the exact condition of the battery components. This lack of knowledge primarily concerns the cell chemistry and the material composition of the batteries.

[0005] Another significant drawback of the current state of the art is the undesirable mixing of materials. Without precise knowledge of the specific properties of the delivered batteries and components, different materials can be unintentionally mixed. This leads to a reduction in the purity of the recycled materials and can significantly impair the quality of the recovered raw materials. Such inaccurate material separation not only results in economic losses but can also render the entire recycling process inefficient and costly. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge regarding cell chemistry poses a considerable safety risk. The chemical composition of batteries can vary significantly, and improper handling or processing can lead to dangerous reactions. In some cases, this can result in material damage or even personal injury.Uncertainty about the exact chemical properties of batteries increases the risk of accidents and necessitates special safety precautions, which further complicate and increase the cost of the recycling process.

[0006] In summary, the state of the art in battery recycling reveals significant problems with regard to the heterogeneous nature of the delivered batteries, the insufficient knowledge of their specific properties, and the resulting risks and inefficiencies.

[0007] The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a system for recycling batteries and / or battery components that enable precise identification and handling of the various battery components and thus significantly increase the safety, efficiency and economy of the recycling process.

[0008] This task is solved by a method for recycling batteries and / or battery components by means of optically machine-readable codes, in particular Data Matrix codes or QR codes, applied to the batteries and / or battery components by a laser processing method, comprising the following steps:

[0009] - Generation of a data set containing information relevant for recycling the battery and / or battery components;

[0010] - Generation of an optically machine-readable code by which the data set can be referenced;

[0011] - Laser processing of a surface of the battery and / or battery components using a laser to form the optically machine-readable code on the surface; Optical capture of the machine-readable code using a scanner and display of the referenced data set.

[0012] This method offers the advantage of efficient and precise recycling of batteries and battery components by storing and retrieving relevant information using optically machine-readable codes. By generating a data set containing essential recycling information and referencing it with a machine-readable code, accurate traceability and identification of each battery component is ensured. This leads to improved logistics and handling in the recycling process, as the specific data for each component can be retrieved quickly and accurately. Furthermore, it increases the automation and efficiency of the recycling process, resulting in cost savings and a reduction in manual effort.

[0013] battery

[0014] For the purposes of this patent application, a battery is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy and consists of several electrochemical cells connected either in series or in parallel to achieve the desired voltage and capacity. The function of the battery is to provide electrical energy for the operation of various devices and systems by releasing the chemical energy stored in the electrochemical cells in the form of electrical energy.

[0015] A battery essentially consists of one or more electrochemical cells, each made up of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The anode and cathode are separated by a separator that allows the flow of ions while preventing a short circuit between the electrodes. When the battery discharges, ions migrate through the electrolyte from the anode to the cathode, while electrons flow through the external circuit, thus providing electrical energy. When the battery is charged, this process is reversed, with electrical energy being used to restore the chemical energy in the cells.

[0016] The batteries are preferably made of materials that enable high energy density and a long lifespan. The anode is often made of graphite or other carbon-based materials, while the cathode consists of metal oxides such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, or nickel manganese cobalt. The electrolyte can be liquid, solid, or gel-like and is typically a solution of lithium salts in organic solvents or a solid polymer capable of conducting ions. The separator is preferably a microporous plastic film that provides mechanical stability and good ionic conductivity.

[0017] Various materials can be used in a battery. The anode can be made of graphite, silicon, metallic lithium, silicon-carbon composite, or titanate. The cathode can be made of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium manganese oxide, or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide. The electrolyte can consist of liquid organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, or lithium salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, or it can be solid, as in the case of polymers or ceramic solid electrolytes. The separator is often made of microporous polyethylene or polypropylene.

[0018] Battery component

[0019] For the purposes of this patent application, a battery component is a single part or an assembled part of a battery that contributes to the function and operation of the battery. Battery components include, but are not limited to, individual cells, modules, packs, and other specific components such as electrodes, separators, housings, cooling components, and connecting elements.

[0020] data set

[0021] For the purposes of this patent application, a data set is a structured collection of information specifically relevant to the recycling of batteries and / or battery components. This data set preferably contains detailed information on the material composition, cell format, cell size, and cell chemistry of the respective battery or battery component.

[0022] The data set is referenced by an optically machine-readable code applied to the surface of the battery or battery component using laser technology. Preferably, the data set also includes information on suitable recycling processes for the specific battery or battery component. This enables the recycling company to select the appropriate dismantling and recycling process for the respective component, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and safety of the recycling process.

[0023] The primary function of the data set is to ensure the unique identification and traceability of each battery or battery component. This allows for the quick and precise sorting and processing of the components. Another important aspect of the data set is the provision of safety-relevant information, such as hazard symbols, which can be integrated within the machine-readable code. This helps to minimize potential risks associated with handling the batteries and battery components.

[0024] The dataset is structured for easy capture and retrieval. It is stored in a digital format and includes both textual and numerical data. The use of machine-readable codes ensures that the data can be retrieved quickly and without manual intervention, thus increasing the efficiency of the entire recycling process.

[0025] surface

[0026] For the purposes of this patent application, a surface is understood to be the outer boundary of a battery or battery component onto which a machine-readable code is applied by means of laser processing. The surface plays a central role in the marking and identification of the battery components, as it serves as the carrier of the relevant information. The laser processing modifies the surface to apply the optically machine-readable code permanently and precisely.

[0027] The surface serves multiple functions. First, it enables the encoding of the machine-readable code, which stores relevant data about the battery components. This includes information on material composition, cell format, cell size, and cell chemistry, all of which are crucial for the recycling process. The surface must be designed to allow the laser to apply the code with high precision and readability without compromising the integrity of the battery component. Furthermore, the surface must be resistant to environmental factors such as humidity, temperature fluctuations, and chemical substances to ensure long-term code readability.

[0028] Possible surface finishes include metallic materials that are particularly advantageous for laser processing. Iron-, aluminum-, or copper-based materials are preferred, as they offer good marking properties and durability. Aluminum surfaces, especially those made from 3000 or 5000 series aluminum alloys, as well as stainless steel, are particularly suitable due to their excellent oxidation resistance and mechanical strength. Another embodiment can be a formed metallic shell consisting of at least two metallic components joined by methods such as screwing, bonding, or welding. This design offers increased structural integrity and flexibility when applying the invention to various battery components.

[0029] Preferably, the surface is coated with a special coating or oxide layer that improves the contrast and readability of the applied code. Such a layer can also provide additional protective functions to ensure the longevity of the marking. The choice of laser processing method and laser parameters, such as wavelength and beam quality, is also adapted to the specific properties of the surface to achieve optimal marking. Scanner

[0030] For the purposes of this patent application, a scanner is an optical detection device used for recognizing and reading machine-readable codes, in particular Data Matrix codes or QR codes. The scanner consists of a light source that illuminates the code and a sensor that captures the reflected light and converts it into digital signals. These signals are then interpreted by a processing unit to read and display the information contained in the code.

[0031] The scanner's function is to precisely capture the machine-readable code applied to the surface of the battery or battery components and to quickly and accurately read the data stored within it. This is achieved by illuminating the code with a suitable light source, which increases the contrast between the coded and uncoded areas. The scanner's sensor registers the reflected light and converts it into electrical signals, which are then processed in the processing unit to create a digital image of the code. Special algorithms analyze this image and extract the encoded information.

[0032] Advantageously, the scanner is designed with high resolution and sensitivity to reliably detect even the smallest and most intricately structured codes. This enables precise data capture and analysis, even if the surface of the battery components is uneven or dirty. The scanner is ideally suited for use in automated environments, where it is integrated into production or recycling lines to ensure continuous and efficient code capture.

[0033] Possible implementation options for a scanner include camera-based systems, where a camera is used in combination with a light source to capture the code and create an image of it. Alternatively, laser scanners can be used, which move a laser beam across the code and measure the reflected light to generate a digital image. Another option is CCD- or CMOS-based scanners, which offer particularly high resolutions and are suitable for capturing very small codes. All these options are designed to maximize the efficiency and accuracy of code capture and to ensure reliable data transmission to the downstream processing unit.

[0034] Advantageous embodiments of the invention

[0035] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the surface can be made of a metallic material, preferably iron-, aluminum-, or, in particular, copper-based. This offers the advantage that metallic surfaces, which are frequently used in battery components, are particularly well-suited for permanent and easily legible marking using laser technology. Iron-, aluminum-, or copper-based surfaces, in particular, enable precise and high-contrast marking that remains stable even under harsh environmental conditions. This increases the reliability and longevity of the marking.

[0036] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a visible pictogram with a hazard symbol can also be integrated within the machine-readable code, thereby making additional safety information directly visible on the battery component. This significantly contributes to workplace safety, as potential hazards are immediately recognizable and appropriate precautions can be taken. Furthermore, the handling and disposal of the batteries and battery components is facilitated by clearly visible symbols, which reduces the risk of accidents.

[0037] Furthermore, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the data set may contain information on the suitable recycling process for the selected battery and / or battery components. This offers the advantage that the recycling company receives specific instructions for the environmentally friendly and efficient recycling of each component. The availability of such detailed instructions helps to optimize the recycling process, increase the recycling rate, and minimize environmental impact. In addition, the quality of the recycled material is improved, which in turn leads to higher added value.

[0038] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the data set can contain information on the material composition, cell format, cell size, and cell chemistry of the battery. This allows the battery components to be precisely identified and sorted, enabling targeted and effective separation of the materials. This contributes to a higher degree of purity and quality of the recycled materials and reduces the risk of mixing different cell chemistries, which could lead to material or personal injury. Furthermore, the recycling process as a whole is made more efficient.

[0039] Furthermore, the invention can also be further developed such that the machine-readable code has a substantially square shape with a side length of 0.05–0.75 mm. This compact and standardized shape enables efficient use of the available space on the battery components and ensures high readability and data integrity of the code. The specific size of the code ensures that sufficient information can be encoded without compromising the structure or integrity of the battery component.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the machine-readable code can also be applied to individual cells, modules, and / or packs, as well as to other battery components. This enables comprehensive and consistent identification of all components within a battery system, improving traceability and the management of recycling processes. The universal applicability of the code to various components increases the flexibility and scalability of the recycling system.

[0041] It can also be advantageous to further develop the invention such that the data set contains information by which battery components with similar or identical cell chemistry and material composition can be pre-sorted. This helps to increase the efficiency of the recycling process by grouping and processing materials with similar properties together. This increases the purity of the recycled materials, which improves the quality and value of the recycled output. Furthermore, the material separation process is simplified and accelerated, leading to a reduction in operating costs.

[0042] The object of the invention can also be achieved by a system for recycling batteries and / or battery components by means of optically machine-readable codes, in particular Data Matrix codes or QR codes, applied to the batteries and / or battery components by a laser processing method, comprising

[0043] - An input unit for entering a data set containing information relevant for recycling the battery and / or battery components;

[0044] - A storage medium for storing the data set;

[0045] - A code generation unit for generating an optically machine-readable code by which the data set can be referenced;

[0046] - A laser processing system for laser processing of a surface of the battery and / or battery components using a laser to form the optically machine-readable code on the surface;

[0047] - a scanner for optically capturing the machine-readable code;

[0048] - A computer unit connected to the scanner, by means of which the captured machine-readable code can be assigned to the data record on the storage medium;

[0049] - Display unit for showing the data record associated with the machine-readable code.

[0050] This combination of features offers the advantage of a complete and integrated solution for recycling batteries and battery components. The combination of input unit, storage medium, code generation unit, laser processing system, scanner, computer unit, and display unit enables a seamless and efficient recycling process. Centralized data management and the ability to retrieve data quickly and accurately lead to significant improvements in process control and monitoring. This results in increased process reliability and optimized resource management.

[0051] Input unit

[0052] For the purposes of this patent application, an input unit is a device or system used to create data sets containing information relevant to the recycling of batteries and battery components. This input unit enables the input, processing, and storage of this data, which is subsequently encoded in an optically machine-readable code.

[0053] The input unit's function is to transfer the necessary information, such as material composition, cell format, cell size, and cell chemistry, into a structured data set. This data is then stored for later retrieval during the recycling process. Preferably, the input unit should be equipped with a user-friendly interface that enables simple and efficient data entry. This interface could be implemented as a touchscreen, a keyboard, or another suitable input device.

[0054] One possible implementation of an input unit is a computer or tablet with dedicated data acquisition and processing software. This software could advantageously include automatic validation and verification functions for the entered data to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the datasets. Another preferred implementation could be an input unit combined with a scanner or camera to automatically capture information from barcodes or other labels on the batteries and battery components and integrate it into the dataset.

[0055] Additionally, the input unit could be integrated into a cloud environment, offering the advantage of centrally storing entered data and making it accessible from various locations. This facilitates collaboration and data exchange between different recycling plants and increases the flexibility of the entire system. A preferred design could also incorporate the use of speech recognition technology for data input, further simplifying operation of the input unit and increasing efficiency.

[0056] Storage medium

[0057] For the purposes of this patent application, a storage medium is a device or system used for storing, managing, and retrieving digital data. The storage medium plays a central role in the recycling process of batteries and battery components by securely and reliably storing the data set containing relevant information for recycling.

[0058] The storage medium ensures the integrity and availability of the data referenced by an optically machine-readable code on the batteries and battery components. This guarantees that the information is always accessible when the machine-readable code is scanned. This enables precise and efficient traceability as well as optimized process control in the recycling process.

[0059] The storage medium can preferably be implemented in various configurations. One possible configuration is a local hard drive or solid-state drive (SSD) integrated directly into the recycling plant, enabling fast on-site data processing and storage. Alternatively, the storage medium can be implemented as a central server, offering greater storage capacity and higher security standards. Advantageously, the storage medium can also be implemented in a cloud environment, allowing for location-independent storage and flexible data access. The cloud-based solution also offers the advantage of easy scalability and simple integration of updates and expansions.

[0060] Code generation unit

[0061] For the purposes of this patent application, a code generation unit is a

[0062] A device or system designed to generate optically machine-readable codes, such as Data Matrix codes or QR codes. This unit includes all the necessary technical components and software modules required to convert the relevant information into a machine-readable code.

[0063] The function of the code generation unit is therefore to encode the information stored in a data set into an optically machine-readable code. The code is generated by processing the data and converting it into a specific code format that can later be read by an optical scanner. The code generation unit ensures that the generated code contains all the necessary information correctly and completely and complies with the required standards for machine-readable codes.

[0064] Advantageously, the code generation unit is equipped with a control unit that monitors and controls the encoding of the information. This control unit can also include algorithms for error correction and data compression to ensure the integrity and efficiency of the generated code. After generation, the code is transferred to a separate laser processing unit, which is responsible for applying the code to the surface of the battery or battery component.

[0065] Preferably, the code generation unit can be implemented in various forms. One possible implementation is a software solution running on a central computer or in a cloud environment, allowing for flexible and scalable code generation. Alternatively, the code generation unit can be implemented as a dedicated hardware solution specifically optimized for processing large amounts of data and generating code quickly. This hardware solution can, for example, be integrated into recycling plants to enable seamless and efficient processing of battery components.

[0066] Display Unit: For the purposes of this patent application, a display unit is a device or component that serves to visually represent information from a stored data set. This display unit plays a central role in providing relevant data to the user, particularly in connection with the recycling of batteries and battery components. The display unit can show various data that are referenced and retrieved via the optically machine-readable code, such as information on the battery's material composition, cell format, size, and cell chemistry.

[0067] The function of the display unit is therefore primarily to provide the user with clear and precise information relevant to the recycling process. The visual presentation of the data allows operators or technicians to quickly and effectively grasp the necessary information and make informed decisions. This improves the efficiency of the recycling process and reduces the risk of errors that could arise from incomplete or unclear information. The display unit thus contributes significantly to process reliability and the quality of the recycled material.

[0068] Advantageously, the display unit can be implemented in various configurations to meet different requirements and operating conditions. One option is a permanently installed display integrated into the recycling plant, continuously showing the retrieved data. Ideally, this would be an LCD or LED screen offering high resolution and good readability even in challenging lighting conditions. Another option is a mobile handheld device, allowing operators to flexibly access and display relevant data at different points within the plant or even at different locations. This mobile solution could be particularly useful when different battery components need to be processed or sorted at different locations.A third preferred option is the use of augmented reality glasses, which allow operators to have the data displayed directly in their field of vision while working on the battery components. This technology can further increase efficiency and safety by keeping hands free while providing real-time information.

[0069] Advantageous embodiments of the invention

[0070] Finally, the invention can also be advantageously implemented such that the storage medium and / or the code generation unit and / or the computing unit are realized in a cloud environment. This offers the advantage that the data is accessible anytime and from anywhere, which significantly increases the flexibility and scalability of the system. The cloud-based solution allows for rapid implementation of updates and adjustments, and facilitates collaboration between different locations and stakeholders. Furthermore, modern cloud technologies ensure data security and integrity, which further enhances the reliability and efficiency of the entire recycling process.

[0071] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures, without limiting the general concept of the invention.

[0072] It shows:

[0073] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a system for recycling batteries and / or battery components by means of optically machine-readable codes applied to the batteries (1) and / or battery components by a laser processing method.

[0074] Figure 1 shows a system 10 for recycling batteries 1 and battery components 20 by means of optically machine-readable codes 2, in particular Data Matrix codes or QR codes, applied to the batteries 1 and battery components 20 by a laser processing method.

[0075] System 10 comprises an input unit 11 for inputting a data record 3, which contains information relevant for recycling the battery 1 and / or battery components 20, and a storage medium 15 for storing the data record 3. Furthermore, System 10 has a code generation unit 12 for generating an optically machine-readable code 2, by means of which the data record 3 can be referenced.

[0076] Furthermore, a laser processing system 13 is provided for laser processing of a surface 4 of the battery 1 and of battery components 20 by means of a laser 5 to form the optically machine-readable code 2 on the surface 4.

[0077] System 10 also includes a scanner s for optically capturing the machine-readable code 2 and a computing unit 14 connected to the scanner 6, by means of which the captured machine-readable code 2 can be assigned to the data record 3 on the storage medium 15. Finally, System 10 also has a display unit 16 for displaying the data record 3 assigned to the machine-readable code 2.

[0078] The storage medium 15, the code generation unit 12, and the computing unit 14 are implemented in a cloud environment 17.

[0079] Using the system 10 shown in Figure 1, the following method for recycling batteries 1 and / or battery components 20 can now be carried out by means of optically machine-readable codes 2, in particular Data Matrix codes or QR codes, applied to the batteries 1 and / or battery components 20 by a laser processing method. The method comprises the following steps:

[0080] First, a data set 3 is generated, which contains information relevant for recycling battery 1 and / or battery components 20. Data set 3 may, in particular, contain information on the suitable recycling process for the selected battery 1 and / or battery components 20. It is also possible that data set 3 contains information on the material composition, cell format, cell size, and cell chemistry of battery 1 or a battery component 20. Furthermore, data set 3 may contain information that allows battery components 20 of battery 1 with similar or identical cell chemistry and material composition to be pre-sorted.

[0081] Then, an optically machine-readable code 2 is generated, by means of which the data set 3 can be referenced. Next, a laser processing of a surface 4 of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20 is carried out using a laser 5 to form the optically machine-readable code 2 on the surface 4. A visible pictogram with a hazard symbol can be integrated within the machine-readable code 2. The surface 4 is made of a metallic material, preferably iron-, aluminum-, or, in particular, copper-based. The machine-readable code 2 has a substantially square shape, with a side length of 0.05–0.75 mm. The machine-readable code 2 can also be applied to individual cells, modules, and / or packs, as well as to other battery components 20 of the battery 1, as indicated in Figure 1.

[0082] This code 2 can then be read at the end of the life cycle of the battery 1 or a battery component 20 by optically capturing the machine-readable code 2 using a scanner 6 and based on this, the referenced data record 3 can be displayed.

[0083] The objective of the present invention is to provide a recycling company with an exact description of the material composition, cell format, size, and cell chemistry of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20. This should enable the company to select a suitable dismantling method for the respective battery component. This exact description is realized by a data set 3, which contains the relevant information. The data set 3 is referenced by means of an optically machine-readable code 2, which is applied to the surface 4 of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20 by a laser processing method.

[0084] Advantageously, precise knowledge of the material composition and specific properties of the individual battery components enables targeted and efficient disassembly. This allows the battery components to be processed in a way that increases safety and minimizes the risk of damage or accidents. In particular, precise knowledge of the cell chemistry helps to implement appropriate safety measures and reduce the risk of chemical reactions during the recycling process.

[0085] Furthermore, the battery components 20 with similar or identical cell chemistry and material composition should be able to be pre-sorted. This is made possible by the information contained in data set 3, which includes specific details on the material composition, cell format, cell size, and cell chemistry of each battery component 20. This pre-sorting achieves a higher purity level of the recycled materials, which significantly increases the quality and value of the recovered material. Moreover, pre-sorting leads to a higher recycling rate, as the materials can be separated and processed more efficiently and in a more targeted manner.

[0086] In summary, the present invention offers a comprehensive solution for improving the recycling process of batteries and battery components 20. The precise acquisition and provision of relevant information by means of an optically machine-readable code 2 and the associated data set 3 significantly increases the efficiency and safety of the recycling process. The possibility of pre-sorting battery components 20 according to their cell chemistry and material composition further contributes to optimizing material separation and increasing purity levels and recycling rates.

[0087] This patent application describes a method for the micro-machining of battery components, which utilizes metallic materials in particular. These materials are preferably iron-, aluminum-, or, in particular, copper-based, which optimizes their suitability for laser marking and processing. The materials include sheet metal with a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably aluminum (3000 or 5000 series) or iron-based, especially stainless steel. The battery components consist of formed metallic shells made up of at least two metallic components joined together by joining processes such as screwing, bonding, or welding. This applies both at the level of individual cells and at the module and pack level.

[0088] The marking of battery components on individual cells, modules, and / or packs, as well as on other battery components, is carried out by laser processing. A scanner optic is preferably used for beam guidance over the workpiece; alternatively, a flying optic can be used. The laser processing is preferably carried out with NIR lasers (near-infrared lasers) with a wavelength of 800 nm to 1200 nm, particularly at 1030 nm, 1064 nm, and 1070 nm. Alternatively, CO2 lasers with a wavelength of approximately 10 pm, green lasers in the range of 500–550 nm, particularly 515 nm, and UV lasers in the range of 250–380 nm, particularly at 343 nm or 355–357 nm, can be used.

[0089] The processing device comprises a beam guidance element, such as fiber optic cables or mirrors, and the corresponding optics. The focused laser beam scans the workpiece on the surface to be modified, with the beam quality in the range of M A2 1-1 ,4 (SingleMode or similar) or M A 2 < 12 (MultiMode). The beam intensity profile can be Gaussian or TopHat.

[0090] The size and shape of the data modules (area increments) conform to the standard specifications detailed in the annex to the patent application. A camera-based sensor, such as the VisionLine system, is used for position control to ensure precise alignment of the laser beam.

[0091] The laser processing parameters include a repetition rate (Rep.Rate f) of at least 1 kHz to 4 MHz; alternatively, continuous wave (CW) operation is possible. Laser processing is performed with at least one pass, although multiple passes are also possible. The pulse energy varies from 4 pJ to 5 mJ per pulse, specifically 500 pJ to 2 mJ in the nanosecond process (ns process) or 4 pJ to 300 pJ in the picosecond and femtosecond process (ps / fs process). The average laser power is between 0.1 W and 100 W in the ps / fs process or between 70 W and 1000 W in the ns process. Pulse durations range from 200 femtoseconds to 1 microsecond, specifically from 200 femtoseconds to 500 nanoseconds.

[0092] Laser processing is preferably performed without burst mode; alternatively, a burst mode with a pulse multiplication of 2 to 40 times, particularly 6 to 10 times, can be used. The beam diameter (dw) on the workpiece is in the range of 20 pm to 500 pm, particularly 20 pm to 70 pm for single-mode beam delivery and 70 pm to 300 pm for multi-mode beam delivery, based on a circular fiber cross-section. Alternatively, rectangular or square fibers with the same cross-sectional area can be used.

[0093] This technical design enables precise, efficient and flexible laser processing of battery components, which meets both material and process requirements and ensures high quality and safety in the recycling process.

[0094] The invention further includes a method and a system for the optical detection of suitable positions on the surface of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20 for generating the optically machine-readable code 2. This detection is achieved, for example, by using a camera-based sensor "VisionLine" that precisely identifies the positions on the surface 4 of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20. The optical detection of the positions to be processed allows the processing position to be automatically adjusted. This compensates for tolerances, thereby increasing the precision of the laser processing and reducing scrap.

[0095] Furthermore, a technology for automatic readjustment of the

[0096] A processing position must be available to ensure that the machine-readable code 2 is applied precisely at the intended location on the surface 4. Automatic adjustment of the processing position enables high accuracy in positioning the laser 5, which is crucial, especially for complex or curved surfaces of the battery components 20. This results in higher quality and readability of the generated codes, thus increasing the reliability of the entire recycling system.

[0097] Furthermore, the invention includes automated programming of the laser processing system 13. This automation encompasses the control of the laser parameters as well as the movement of the laser 5 relative to the surface 4 of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20. The automated programming allows the processing processes to be standardized and reproducible, further increasing the efficiency of the process. The integration of this technology makes it possible to process various battery types and sizes without manual adjustments, thereby increasing the flexibility and scalability of the system.

[0098] Within the scope of the present invention, the use of preferably pulsed lasers, in particular nanosecond, picosecond, or femtosecond lasers (ultrashort pulse lasers), for generating the optically machine-readable code 2 on the surface 4 of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20 is preferred. Alternatively, continuously emitting lasers (CW lasers) can be used. These laser types offer the advantage that they can generate high intensities at moderate average powers, thereby enabling targeted heat input on the surface 4 to be processed. This allows for precise and efficient marking without compromising the structural integrity of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20. The targeted heat input ensures that the surface 4 is subjected to only minimal thermal stress, thus improving the quality and durability of the applied optically machine-readable code 2.

[0099] In a preferred embodiment, a laser beam is connected to a

[0100] An intensity profile similar to Gaussian is used. This enables precise and controlled processing of the surface 4 of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20 using a laser 5. The use of a single-mode laser (SM laser) is particularly advantageous because it offers high beam quality and thus enables precise focusing of the laser beam onto the surface to be processed. Alternatively, a multi-mode laser (MM laser) can also be used, which, depending on the requirements and specific application, also delivers efficient processing results.

[0101] The key advantage of this laser technology is that the targeted melting and / or vaporization of the surface 4 achieves precise and permanent marking using the optically machine-readable code 2. This precise surface processing ensures that the machine-readable code 2 has high readability and durability, which is crucial for the traceability and identification of battery components in the recycling process. Furthermore, the use of lasers with specific beam properties enables minimally invasive processing that does not compromise the structural integrity of the battery components 20.

[0102] The use of a scanner optic for optically capturing the machine-readable code 2 offers the advantage of enabling sufficiently high processing speeds for the battery 1 and / or battery components 20. The scanner optic guides the laser beam 5 precisely and rapidly across the surface 4 of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20. This precise beam guidance is crucial for ensuring the necessary accuracy in generating the optically machine-readable code 2. The scanner optic allows the laser beam 5 to be controlled at high speed, enabling the marking process to be carried out efficiently and quickly. This leads to a significant improvement in productivity and allows for the rapid processing of large quantities of batteries and battery components 20.

[0103] The invention further includes the possibility of 3D marking on curved surfaces of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20. This offers the advantage that the positioning of the optically machine-readable code 2 can be made more flexible. The 3D marking makes it possible to apply the code 2 precisely and legibly even on non-flat or irregularly shaped surfaces. This flexibility in positioning allows the codes 2 to be placed in optimal locations to ensure that they remain easily legible throughout the entire life cycle of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20, including the recycling process.

[0104] The 3D marking is achieved using laser processing, in which a laser 5 structures the surface 4 of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20 in such a way that the optically machine-readable code 2 is clearly and distinctly recognizable even on curved or uneven surfaces. This precise adaptation of the marking to the respective surface 4 results in high contour fidelity of the code 2, which significantly improves the efficiency and reliability of optical detection using a scanner 6.

[0105] A scanner optics system is preferably used for 3D marking. This system controls the laser beam 5 and ensures that the laser beam can accurately track even complex surface geometries. This allows for precise adaptation of the marking to the specific shape of the surface 4, thereby optimizing the durability and readability of the machine-readable code 2. This technical solution thus contributes significantly to the flexibility and efficiency of the entire marking process.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system for laser processing of battery components comprises a distance sensor for measuring the 3D surface of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20 and for controlling the marking position of the optically machine-readable code 2. The distance sensor can operate capacitively, by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) or by laser triangulation.

[0107] The function of the distance sensor is to perform precise measurements of the surface 4 to enable the exact positioning and alignment of the laser 5. This precise measurement of the 3D surface is crucial for the correct placement and quality of the marking. Continuous monitoring of the surface structure and adjustment of the laser marking position ensures high contour accuracy of the applied codes 2.

[0108] The use of such a distance sensor offers the advantage of higher contour accuracy of the markings. This means that the markings can be applied precisely and consistently to the intended position of the battery 1 and / or battery components 20, regardless of surface irregularities or variations. The increased contour accuracy leads to improved readability and durability of the machine-readable codes 2.

[0109] Within the scope of the present invention, the position of the battery 1 or the battery component 20 can also be determined for controlling the 3D marking. This is achieved by means of a system that detects the exact workpiece position and uses this information for the precise control of the laser processing unit 13. The advantage of this measure lies in higher contour accuracy when generating the optically machine-readable code 2 on the surface 4 of the battery or the battery component 1.

[0110] Technically, this is achieved by continuously monitoring the exact position of surface 4 of the battery or battery component 1 before and during the laser processing process. A capacitive distance sensor, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, or laser triangulation can be used for this purpose, all operating in conjunction with the control unit. The acquired position data is transmitted in real time to the laser processing system 13, which adjusts the beam path accordingly to precisely apply the machine-readable code 2 to the desired position on surface 4.

[0111] Precise control of the 3D marking ensures that the optically machine-readable code 2 is applied with high precision and accuracy, even if the surface 4 of the battery or battery component 1 has complex geometric shapes. This results in improved readability and durability of the code 2, which in turn increases the efficiency and reliability of the entire recycling process. The higher contour accuracy also reduces the need for rework and decreases scrap, thereby lowering production costs and increasing the economic viability of the process.

[0112] The invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated in the figures. The foregoing description is therefore not to be considered limiting, but rather explanatory. The following claims are to be understood as meaning that a mentioned feature is included in at least one embodiment of the invention.

[0113] The invention is present. This does not preclude the presence of further features. If the patent claims and the preceding description define 'first' and 'second' features, this designation serves to distinguish between two similar features without establishing a hierarchy.

[0114] List of reference signs

[0115] 1 battery

[0116] 2 Code

[0117] 3 Data set

[0118] 4 Surface

[0119] 5 lasers

[0120] 6 scanners

[0121] 10 System

[0122] 11 Input unit

[0123] 12 Code generation unit

[0124] 13 Laser processing system

[0125] 14 computer units

[0126] 15 Storage medium

[0127] 16 Display unit

[0128] 17 Cloud environment

[0129] 20 battery components

Claims

- 27 - Claims 1. Methods for recycling batteries (1) and / or battery components (20) by means of optically machine-readable codes (2), in particular Data Matrix codes or QR codes, applied to the batteries (1) and / or battery components (20) by a laser processing process, comprising the following steps: - Generation of a data set (3) which contains information relevant for recycling the battery (1) and / or battery components (20); - Generation of an optically machine-readable code (2) by means of which the data set (3) can be referenced; - Laser processing of a surface (4) of the battery (1) and / or battery components (20) using a laser (5) to form the optically machine-readable code (2) on the surface (4); - Optical detection of the machine-readable code (2) using a scanner (6) and - Display of the referenced data set (3).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface (4) is formed from a metallic material, preferably based on iron, aluminium or, in particular, copper.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a visible pictogram with a hazard symbol is integrated within the machine-readable code (2).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data set (3) contains information on the appropriate recycling procedure for the selected battery (1) and / or battery components (20).

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data set (3) contains information on the material composition, cell format, cell size and cell chemistry of the battery (1 ).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine-readable code (2) has a substantially square shape, with a side length of 0.05-0.75 mm.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine-readable code (2) is applied to individual cells, modules and / or packs, as well as to further battery components (20) of the battery (1).

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data set (3) contains information by means of which battery components (20) of the battery (1) can be pre-sorted with similar or identical cell chemistry and material composition.

9. System (10) for recycling batteries (1) and / or battery components (20) by means of optically machine-readable codes (2), in particular Data Matrix codes or QR codes, applied to the batteries (1) and / or battery components (20) by a laser processing method, comprising - An input unit (11 ) for inputting a data set (3) which contains information relevant for recycling the battery (1 ) and / or battery components (20); - A storage medium (15) for storing the data set (3); - A code generation unit (12) for generating an optically machine-readable code (2) by means of which the data set (3) can be referenced; - A laser processing system (13) for laser processing of a surface (4) of the battery (1 ) and / or battery components (20) by means of a laser (5) to form the optically machine-readable code (2) on the surface (4); - a scanner (6) for optically capturing the machine-readable code (2); - A computer unit (14) connected to the scanner (6), by means of which the captured machine-readable code (2) can be assigned to the data record (3) on the storage medium (15); - Display unit (16) for displaying the data record (3) associated with the machine-readable code (2) 10. System (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that the storage medium (15) and / or the code generation unit (12) and / or the computing unit (14) are implemented in a cloud environment (17).

Images