Liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus and method

Abstract

A liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising a vacuum cavity (8), and a translation element (1), a mold element (2), a cooling element (4), a scanning heating element (5) and a jet element (3) which are arranged in the vacuum cavity (8). The mold element (2) is movably mounted on the translation element (1), and the mold element (2) can reciprocate along the length direction of the translation element (1); the cooling element (4), the scanning heating element (5) and the jet element (3) are all located above the translation element (1) and are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the translation element (1); the jet element (3) can inject a melt (7) into the mold element (2); the lower end of the cooling element (4) can extend into the mold element (2) to cool the pressed melt (7) until the melt (7) in the mold element (2) solidifies to form an alloy ingot (6); and the scanning heating element (5) can heat and melt the surface layer of the alloy ingot (6). The apparatus can increase the thickness of the prepared alloy ingot (6), and also can avoid the formation of internal porosity defects. The present invention further relates to a liquid metal additive manufacturing method.

Description

Liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus and method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metallurgical technology, and in particular to a liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus and method. Background Technology

[0002] The preparation of highly uniform metal ingots has always been a challenge in industry because variations in cooling conditions during alloy solidification can easily lead to significant differences in microstructure. For example, the faster cooling rate at the edges of the ingot tends to result in fine equiaxed grains, while the slower cooling rate at the center leads to coarse grains. Furthermore, for high-alloy alloys, significant macroscopic segregation can occur due to gravity segregation or segregation of alloying elements within the liquid-solid phase, meaning that the chemical composition of the alloying elements varies significantly across different locations on the ingot. Fluctuations in chemical composition can cause significant differences in the mechanical properties of different parts of the ingot, which must be avoided in production. However, traditional metal ingot casting techniques, such as continuous or semi-continuous casting, struggle to prevent these problems.

[0003] Liquid metal additive manufacturing is an emerging technology for preparing metallic materials. Because it employs a "discrete-stacking" principle and directly uses liquid metal as the additive raw material, it improves preparation efficiency and is therefore an ideal method for preparing highly uniform alloy ingots. However, traditional techniques have certain problems. The cooling system is located at the bottom of the alloy ingot, while the molten alloy spreads on top during preparation. The latent heat of solidification released during the solidification of this molten alloy needs to be transferred downwards along the thickness of the alloy ingot and carried away by the cooling system. When the alloy ingot thickness is small, its thermal resistance is low; however, when the thickness increases to a certain critical value, the thermal resistance of the alloy ingot itself will severely affect the transfer of latent heat of solidification, leading to a significant decrease in the cooling rate of the alloy ingot surface. This can easily result in more obvious differences in grain structure. Simultaneously, as the alloy ingot thickness increases, the temperature gradient from the surface to the bottom of the alloy ingot continuously decreases. For the alloy, this means that the spatial depth of the solid-liquid two-phase region at the liquid-solid interface will continuously increase, i.e., the thickness of the mushy region will continuously increase. The expansion of the solidification region will bring a greater risk of shrinkage defects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art, thereby increasing the thickness of the alloy ingot while avoiding the formation of internal porosity defects.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] This invention provides a liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising:

[0007] Vacuum cavity;

[0008] A translation element, wherein the translation element is placed within the vacuum cavity;

[0009] A molding element is placed inside the vacuum cavity and is movably mounted on the translation element, and the molding element is capable of reciprocating along the length direction of the translation element;

[0010] A jetting element is placed inside the vacuum chamber and positioned above the translation element, and the jetting element is capable of injecting melt into the casting element;

[0011] A cooling element, placed within the vacuum chamber and positioned above the translation element, wherein the lower end of the cooling element extends into the casting element to cool the pressed melt until the melt within the casting element solidifies to form an alloy ingot; and

[0012] A scanning heating element is placed inside the vacuum chamber and positioned above the translation element. The scanning heating element is capable of heating and melting the surface layer of the alloy ingot.

[0013] The cooling element, the scanning heating element, and the jet element are arranged sequentially along the length of the translation element.

[0014] Preferably, the translation element includes a slide rail and a drive unit, the drive unit being capable of reciprocating the mold element along the length direction of the slide rail to a position below the jet element, below the cooling element, or below the scanning heating element.

[0015] Preferably, the mold element includes a mold body and a base plate. The lower end of the mold body is movably connected to the translation element, and the base plate is installed on the inner bottom surface of the mold body. The mold body is used to form alloy ingots.

[0016] Preferably, the mold body is made of a high-temperature resistant heat-insulating material.

[0017] Preferably, the jetting element includes a crucible, a heater, a pusher-type pressure head, a baffle, and multiple nozzles. The crucible is used to store the melt, and the heater is installed on the outer periphery of the crucible. The nozzles are installed at the lower end of the crucible and communicate with the interior of the crucible. The pusher-type pressure head is movably installed inside the crucible, and when the pusher-type pressure head moves downward inside the crucible, it can push the melt in the crucible out through the nozzles. The baffle is movably installed at the lower end of the nozzles, and the baffle can block or open the nozzles.

[0018] Preferably, the plurality of nozzles are arranged in an array on the lower bottom surface of the crucible.

[0019] Preferably, the cooling element is a water-cooled pressure head, which has a cooling channel inside. Both ends of the cooling channel are connected to the outside, and cooling water is introduced into the cooling channel.

[0020] Preferably, the scanning heating element is an array laser, wherein multiple laser heads on the array laser are arranged linearly, and the arrangement direction of the multiple laser heads is parallel to the length direction of the translation element. The array laser can reciprocate along the width direction of the translation element and cover the entire upper surface of the alloy ingot in the casting element.

[0021] Preferably, the scanning heating element is located above the first station of the translation element, the jet element is located above the second station of the translation element, and the cooling element is located above the third station of the translation element.

[0022] The present invention also provides a liquid metal additive manufacturing method, using the liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus described in any one of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. The alloy melt to be prepared is refined and then injected into the crucible of the jet element. The nozzle of the jet element is blocked with a baffle. The heater of the jet element is turned on to control the temperature of the alloy melt above the solidification point and keep it at the temperature to form a melt.

[0024] S2. Turn on the cooling water and allow it to circulate within the cooling elements. At the same time, evacuate the vacuum chamber and fill it with high-purity argon gas to atmospheric pressure.

[0025] S3. Move the mold element to the second position of the translation element, remove the baffle below the nozzle, and push the push rod type pressure head of the jet element downward so that the melt enters the mold element in an array of liquid columns through the nozzle under pressure. When the thickness of the liquid layer in the mold element reaches the set thickness value θ1, stop pushing the push rod type pressure head and seal the nozzle with the baffle.

[0026] S4. Move the mold element containing the molten material to the third station, start the water-cooled pressure head and gently press down along the inner wall of the mold element. When the molten material in the mold element has completely solidified to form an alloy ingot, lift the water-cooled pressure head.

[0027] S5. Move the mold element containing the alloy ingot to the first station, start the array laser and scan and heat the surface of the alloy ingot in the horizontal direction, remelt the surface metal with a thickness of θ2, and θ2 < θ1, and then turn off the array laser.

[0028] S6. Move the mold element to the second station again, remove the baffle below the nozzle, and push the push rod type pressure head downward so that the melt enters the mold element in an array of liquid columns through the nozzle under pressure. When the thickness of the liquid layer in the mold element reaches the set thickness value θ1 again, stop pushing the push rod type pressure head and block the nozzle with the baffle.

[0029] S7. Repeat S3-S6 multiple times to finally obtain the alloy ingot.

[0030] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0031] The liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus and method provided by this invention include a mold element movably mounted on a translation element, which is capable of reciprocating along the length of the translation element. A cooling element, a scanning heating element, and a jetting element are all located above the translation element and arranged sequentially along its length. By moving the mold element along the translation element, it is aligned with the areas below the jetting element, the cooling element, and the scanning heating element, respectively, to perform different processes. The jetting element injects molten metal into the mold element, and the lower end of the cooling element extends into the mold element. The molten metal is cooled and pressed down until it solidifies into an alloy ingot within the mold element. Then, a top cooling method is used during the liquid metal additive manufacturing process of the alloy ingot. While cooling, the liquid forming layer on the surface is lightly pressed, which increases the thickness of the alloy ingot. At the same time, the surface additively spread liquid metal layer can maintain a high cooling rate. Meanwhile, forming under certain pressure can avoid the formation of internal porosity defects. The scanning heating element can heat and melt the surface layer of the alloy ingot so that it can be metallurgically bonded with the next layer of molten metal when it is injected, ultimately producing a highly uniform alloy ingot. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the mold element in Embodiment 1;

[0035] Figure 3 is a top view of the mold element in Embodiment 1;

[0036] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the jet element in Embodiment 1;

[0037] Figure 5 is a top view of the jet element in Embodiment 1;

[0038] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cooling element in Embodiment 1;

[0039] Figure 7 is a front view of the scanning heating element in Embodiment 1;

[0040] Figure 8 is a top view of the scanning heating element in Embodiment 1;

[0041] Figure 9 is a process diagram of the cooling element cooling the pressed melt in Example 2;

[0042] Figure 10 is a bottom view of the internal grain structure of a highly uniform 7085 aluminum alloy ingot in a specific embodiment;

[0043] Figure 11 is a top view of the internal grain structure of a highly uniform 7085 aluminum alloy ingot in a specific embodiment;

[0044] In the diagram: 1-Translation element, 11-Slide rail, 12-Drive unit, 2-Molding element, 21-Mold body, 22-Base plate, 3-Jet element, 31-Crucible, 32-Push rod type pressure head, 33-Heater, 34-Nozzle, 35-Baffle, 4-Cooling element, 41-Water-cooled pressure head, 42-Cooling channel, 5-Scanning heating element, 51-Laser head, 52-Array laser, 6-Alloy ingot, 7-Melted material, 8-Vacuum cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The purpose of this invention is to provide a liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can increase the thickness of alloy ingots while avoiding the formation of internal porosity defects.

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] As shown in Figures 1-11, this embodiment provides a liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus, including a vacuum chamber 8, and a translation element 1, a molding element 2, a cooling element 4, a scanning heating element 5, and a jetting element 3 placed within the vacuum chamber 8. The vacuum chamber 8 can be used to create the vacuum environment required for manufacturing. The molding element 2 is movably mounted on the translation element 1, and the molding element 2 can reciprocate along the length direction of the translation element 1. The cooling element 4, the scanning heating element 5, and the jetting element 3 are all located above the translation element 1 and are arranged sequentially along the length direction of the translation element 1. By moving the molding element 2 along the translation element 1, the molding element 2 is aligned with the area below the jetting element 3, the cooling element 4, and the scanning heating element 5, respectively, to achieve [the desired effect]. In the same process, the jetting element 3 can inject melt 7 into the mold element 2, and the lower end of the cooling element 4 can extend into the mold element 2 to cool and press the melt 7 down until the melt 7 in the mold element 2 solidifies to form an alloy ingot 6. Then, the top cooling method is adopted in the liquid metal additive process of the alloy ingot 6. While cooling, the liquid forming layer on the surface is lightly pressed, so that while the thickness of the alloy ingot 6 increases, the metal liquid layer spread on its surface can maintain a high cooling rate. At the same time, forming under a certain pressure can avoid the formation of internal porosity defects. The scanning heating element 5 can heat and melt the surface layer of the alloy ingot 6 so that when the next layer of melt 7 is injected, it can be metallurgically bonded with the next layer of melt 7, and finally a highly uniform alloy ingot is produced.

[0050] Specifically, the translation element 1 includes a slide rail 11 and a drive unit 12. The drive unit 12 enables the mold element 2 to reciprocate along the length of the slide rail 11 to a position below the jet element 3, below the cooling element 4, or below the scanning heating element 5, so as to realize different processes. The drive unit 12 can be a lead screw and slider structure, a linear motor structure, etc. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive modifications to the specific structural form of the drive unit 12 according to actual needs.

[0051] The mold element 2 includes a mold body 21 and a base plate 22. The lower end of the mold body 21 is movably connected to the translation element 1 and can reciprocate along the length direction of the translation element 1. The base plate 22 is installed on the inner bottom surface of the mold body 21. The mold body 21 is used to form the alloy ingot 6.

[0052] The mold body 21 is made of high-temperature resistant heat-insulating material. The shape of the mold body 21 can be adapted to the shape of the required alloy ingot 6 to improve adaptability.

[0053] The jetting element 3 includes a crucible 31, a heater 33, a pusher-type pressure head 32, a baffle 35, and multiple nozzles 34. The crucible 31 is used to store the melt 7, and the heater 33 is installed on the outer periphery of the crucible 31, thereby heating and maintaining the temperature of the melt 7 in the crucible 31. The nozzles 34 are installed at the lower end of the crucible 31 and communicate with the inside of the crucible 31, so as to discharge the melt 7 in the crucible 31 through the nozzles 34. The pusher-type pressure head 32 is movably installed inside the crucible 31. The power of the pusher-type pressure head 32 can be provided by a hydraulic pusher, a linear motor, etc. When the pusher-type pressure head 32 moves down in the crucible 31, it can push the melt 7 in the crucible 31 out through the nozzles 34, so that the melt 7 enters the casting element 2. The baffle 35 is movably installed at the lower end of the nozzles 34, and the baffle 35 can block or open the nozzles 34 to facilitate the discharge and stop the discharge of the melt 7.

[0054] Multiple nozzles 34 are arranged in an array on the lower bottom surface of the crucible 31, thereby enabling uniform material distribution to maintain the jet range consistent with the cross-section of the mold body 21 during the preparation process.

[0055] The cooling element 4 is a water-cooled pressure head 41. The water-cooled pressure head 41 can be raised and lowered by a hydraulic push rod, linear motor, etc. It can perform light pressure actions. The water-cooled pressure head 41 has a cooling channel 42 inside, through which cooling water flows. Both ends of the cooling channel 42 can be connected to the outside to achieve the flow and circulation of cooling water. Through heat exchange between the cooling water, the water-cooled pressure head 41, and the melt 7, the melt 7 is cooled. Furthermore, the water-cooled pressure head 41 can cool the melt 7 layer on the surface of the alloy ingot 6 while simultaneously making the alloy ingot 6 more compact.

[0056] The scanning heating element 5 is an array laser 52. Multiple laser heads 51 on the array laser 52 are arranged linearly, and the arrangement direction of the multiple laser heads 51 is parallel to the length direction of the translation element 1. The array laser 52 can move back and forth along the width direction of the translation element 1 and cover the entire upper surface of the alloy ingot 6 in the casting element 2, thereby realizing the scanning heating of the surface layer of the alloy ingot 6 to melt a certain thickness of metal on the surface layer of the alloy ingot 6, so as to facilitate its combination with the next layer of melt 7.

[0057] The scanning heating element 5 is located above the first station of the translation element 1, the jet element 3 is located above the second station of the translation element 1, and the cooling element 4 is located above the third station of the translation element 1.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment provides a liquid metal additive manufacturing method using the liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0060] S1. The alloy melt to be prepared is refined and then injected into the crucible 31 of the jet element 3. The nozzle 34 of the jet element 3 is blocked with a baffle 35. The heater 33 of the jet element 3 is turned on to control the temperature of the alloy melt above the solidification point and keep it at the temperature to form melt 7.

[0061] S2. Turn on the cooling water and allow it to circulate within the cooling element 4. At the same time, evacuate the vacuum chamber 8 and fill it with high-purity argon gas to atmospheric pressure.

[0062] S3. Move the mold element 2 to the second position of the translation element 1, remove the baffle 35 below the nozzle 34, push the push rod type pressure head 32 of the jet element 3 downward, so that the melt 7 enters the mold element 2 through the nozzle 34 to form an array of liquid columns under pressure. When the thickness of the liquid layer in the mold element 2 reaches the set thickness value θ1, stop pushing the push rod type pressure head 32, and seal the nozzle 34 with the baffle 35.

[0063] S4. Move the mold element 2 containing the melt 7 to the third station, start the water-cooled pressure head 41 and gently press down along the inner wall of the mold element 2. When the melt 7 in the mold element 2 has completely solidified to form the alloy ingot 6, lift the water-cooled pressure head 41.

[0064] S5. Move the mold element 2 containing the alloy ingot 6 to the first station, start the array laser 52 and scan and heat the surface of the alloy ingot 6 in the horizontal direction, remelt the surface metal with a thickness of θ2, and θ2 < θ1, and then turn off the array laser 52.

[0065] S6. Move the mold element 2 to the second station again, remove the baffle 35 below the nozzle 34, and push the push rod type pressure head 32 downward so that the melt 7 enters the mold element 2 in an array of liquid columns through the nozzle 34 under pressure. When the thickness of the liquid layer in the mold element 2 reaches the set thickness value θ1 again, stop pushing the push rod type pressure head 32 and block the nozzle 34 with the baffle 35.

[0066] S7. Repeat S3-S6 multiple times to finally obtain alloy ingot 6.

[0067] Specific Implementation

[0068] This specific embodiment can be applied to the preparation of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, copper and their alloy ingots 6, and can also be applied to the preparation of steel billets. Taking the preparation of 7085 aluminum alloy ingots as an example, the setting range of the main parameters is as follows:

[0069] The internal pressure P of vacuum chamber 8 is 0 ≤ P < 1 MPa;

[0070] Nozzle 34 diameter d, 0 <d<50mm;

[0071] Nozzle spacing 34 s, 0 <s<200mm;

[0072] The thickness of the melt 7 injected into the mold body 21 in a single injection is θ1, where 0 < θ1 < 200 mm;

[0073] The downward movement speed of the push rod type pressure head 32 is v1,0 <v1<300mm / s;

[0074] The surface metal melting thickness θ2 inside the mold body 21 is 0 < θ2 < 50 mm.

[0075] The preparation process includes:

[0076] S1. Degas and filter the 7085 aluminum alloy melt at 750°C, then inject it into the crucible 31. Seal the nozzle 34 with a baffle 35, turn on the heater 33, and maintain the temperature of the 7085 aluminum alloy melt at 720°C.

[0077] S2. Turn on the cooling water, and at the same time evacuate the entire vacuum chamber 8 and fill it with high-purity argon gas to atmospheric pressure;

[0078] S3. Move the mold element 2 to the second station, remove the baffle 35 below the nozzle 34 (nozzle 34 diameter 2.4mm, nozzle 34 spacing 7.6mm), and push the push rod type pressure head 32 downward at a speed of 1.3mm / s, so that the 7085 aluminum alloy melt enters the mold element 2 in an array of liquid columns through the nozzle 34 under pressure. When the liquid layer thickness in the mold element 2 reaches 15mm, stop pushing the push rod type pressure head 32 and seal the nozzle 34 with the baffle 35.

[0079] S4. Move the mold element 2 to the third station, start the water-cooled pressure head 41 and press down lightly along the inner wall of the mold element 2. When the 7085 aluminum alloy melt has completely solidified to form an alloy ingot 6, lift the water-cooled pressure head 41.

[0080] S5. Move the casting mold element 2 to the first station, start the array laser 52 and scan and heat the surface of the alloy ingot 6 in the horizontal direction to remelt the surface metal with a thickness of 5mm. Then, turn off the array laser 52.

[0081] S6. Move the mold element 2 to the second station again, remove the baffle 35 below the nozzle 34, and push the push rod type pressure head 32 downward so that the 7085 aluminum alloy melt enters the mold element 2 through the nozzle 34 to form an array of liquid columns under pressure. When the liquid layer thickness in the mold element 2 reaches 15mm, stop pushing the push rod type pressure head 32 and seal the nozzle 34 with the baffle 35.

[0082] S7. Repeat S3-S6 to finally obtain a highly uniform 7085 aluminum alloy ingot with a thickness of 400mm.

[0083] The internal grain structure of the highly uniform 7085 aluminum alloy ingot is shown in Figures 10 and 11. Its average grain size is 70 micrometers, and it has high microstructure uniformity.

[0084] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that: include: Vacuum cavity; A translation element, wherein the translation element is placed within the vacuum cavity; A molding element is placed inside the vacuum cavity and is movably mounted on the translation element, and the molding element is capable of reciprocating along the length direction of the translation element; A jetting element is placed inside the vacuum chamber and positioned above the translation element, and the jetting element is capable of injecting melt into the casting element; A cooling element, placed within the vacuum chamber and positioned above the translation element, wherein the lower end of the cooling element extends into the casting element to cool the pressed melt until the melt within the casting element solidifies to form an alloy ingot; and A scanning heating element is placed inside the vacuum chamber and positioned above the translation element. The scanning heating element is capable of heating and melting the surface layer of the alloy ingot. The cooling element, the scanning heating element, and the jet element are arranged sequentially along the length of the translation element.

2. The liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The translation element includes a slide rail and a drive unit, which enables the mold element to reciprocate along the length of the slide rail to a position below the jet element, below the cooling element, or below the scanning heating element.

3. The liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mold element includes a mold body and a base plate. The lower end of the mold body is movably connected to the translation element, and the base plate is installed on the inner bottom surface of the mold body. The mold body is used to form alloy ingots.

4. The liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mold body is made of high-temperature resistant heat-insulating material.

5. The liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jetting element includes a crucible, a heater, a pusher-type pressure head, a baffle, and multiple nozzles. The crucible is used to store the melt, and the heater is installed on the outer periphery of the crucible. The nozzles are installed at the lower end of the crucible and communicate with the interior of the crucible. The pusher-type pressure head is movably installed inside the crucible, and when the pusher-type pressure head moves downward inside the crucible, it can push the melt in the crucible out through the nozzles. The baffle is movably installed at the lower end of the nozzles, and the baffle can block or open the nozzles.

6. The liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nozzles are arranged in an array on the bottom surface of the crucible.

7. The liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling element is a water-cooled pressure head, which has a cooling channel inside. Both ends of the cooling channel are connected to the outside, and cooling water is introduced into the cooling channel.

8. The liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scanning heating element is an array laser, with multiple laser heads arranged linearly on the array laser. The arrangement direction of the multiple laser heads is parallel to the length direction of the translation element. The array laser can reciprocate along the width direction of the translation element and cover the entire upper surface of the alloy ingot inside the casting element.

9. The liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scanning heating element is located above the first station of the translation element, the jet element is located above the second station of the translation element, and the cooling element is located above the third station of the translation element.

10. A liquid metal additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: Using the liquid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, the method comprises the following steps: S1. The alloy melt to be prepared is refined and then injected into the crucible of the jet element. The nozzle of the jet element is blocked with a baffle. The heater of the jet element is turned on to control the temperature of the alloy melt above the solidification point and keep it at the temperature to form a melt. S2. Turn on the cooling water and allow it to circulate within the cooling elements. At the same time, evacuate the vacuum chamber and fill it with high-purity argon gas to atmospheric pressure. S3. Move the mold element to the second position of the translation element, remove the baffle below the nozzle, and push the push rod type pressure head of the jet element downward so that the melt enters the mold element in an array of liquid columns through the nozzle under pressure. When the thickness of the liquid layer in the mold element reaches the set thickness value θ1, stop pushing the push rod type pressure head and seal the nozzle with the baffle. S4. Move the mold element containing the molten material to the third station, start the water-cooled pressure head and gently press down along the inner wall of the mold element. When the molten material in the mold element has completely solidified to form an alloy ingot, lift the water-cooled pressure head. S5. Move the mold element containing the alloy ingot to the first station, start the array laser and scan and heat the surface of the alloy ingot in the horizontal direction, remelt the surface metal with a thickness of θ2, and θ2 < θ1, and then turn off the array laser. S6. Move the mold element to the second station again, remove the baffle below the nozzle, and push the push rod type pressure head downward so that the melt enters the mold element in an array of liquid columns through the nozzle under pressure. When the thickness of the liquid layer in the mold element reaches the set thickness value θ1 again, stop pushing the push rod type pressure head and block the nozzle with the baffle. S7. Repeat S3-S6 multiple times to finally obtain the alloy ingot.

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