Calibration method and apparatus, message transmission method and apparatus, and device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of communications. Disclosed are a calibration method and apparatus, a message transmission method and apparatus, and a device. The calibration method of the embodiments of the present application comprises: a device performing SFO calibration on the basis of at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and a device type, wherein the R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration, and parameters of the D2R transmission are used for SFO calibration.

Description

Calibration methods, message transmission methods, apparatus and equipment

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411585037.5, filed in China on November 7, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a calibration method, a message transmission method, an apparatus, and a device. Background Technology

[0004] In practical applications, there are often various types of devices. For example, Ambient IoT (A-IoT) includes multiple types of A-IoT devices, such as devices without independent signal generation capabilities and devices with independent signal generation capabilities. Therefore, how to meet the sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration requirements of different types of devices is an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a calibration method, message transmission method, apparatus, and device that can solve the problem of how to meet the SFO calibration requirements of different types of devices.

[0006] Firstly, a calibration method is provided, including:

[0007] The device performs SFO calibration based on at least one of the following: Reader-to-Device (R2D) messages, Device-to-Reader (D2R) messages, and device type;

[0008] The R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration;

[0009] The parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

[0010] Secondly, a message transmission method is provided, including:

[0011] The reader performs a first operation, which includes at least one of the following:

[0012] Send an R2D transmission, which is used for SFO calibration;

[0013] Receive D2R transmissions, the parameters of which are used for SFO calibration.

[0014] Thirdly, a calibration device is provided, comprising:

[0015] A processing module for performing SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type;

[0016] The R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration;

[0017] The parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

[0018] Fourthly, a message transmission device is provided, comprising:

[0019] A processing module is configured to perform a first operation, the first operation including at least one of the following:

[0020] Send an R2D transmission, which is used for SFO calibration;

[0021] Receive D2R transmissions, the parameters of which are used for SFO calibration.

[0022] Fifthly, a calibration apparatus is provided, the apparatus being configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0023] In a sixth aspect, a message transmission apparatus is provided, the apparatus being configured to perform the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0024] In a seventh aspect, an apparatus is provided, the apparatus including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0025] Eighthly, a device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used to perform SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission and device type; wherein the R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration; and the parameters of the D2R transmission are used for SFO calibration.

[0026] In a ninth aspect, a reader / writer is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the second aspect.

[0027] In a tenth aspect, a reader / writer is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to perform a first operation, the first operation including at least one of the following: sending an R2D transmission, the R2D transmission being used for SFO calibration; and receiving a D2R transmission, the parameters of the D2R transmission being used for SFO calibration.

[0028] Eleventhly, a terminal is provided, the terminal including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0029] In a twelfth aspect, a terminal is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used to perform SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type; wherein the R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration; and the parameters of the D2R transmission are used for SFO calibration.

[0030] In a thirteenth aspect, a terminal is provided, the terminal including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the second aspect.

[0031] In a fourteenth aspect, a terminal is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to perform a first operation, the first operation including at least one of the following: sending an R2D transmission for SFO calibration; and receiving a D2R transmission, wherein parameters of the D2R transmission are used for SFO calibration.

[0032] In a fifteenth aspect, a network-side device is provided, the network-side device including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the second aspect.

[0033] In a sixteenth aspect, a network-side device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to perform a first operation, the first operation including at least one of the following: sending an R2D transmission, the R2D transmission being used for SFO calibration; and receiving a D2R transmission, the parameters of the D2R transmission being used for SFO calibration.

[0034] In a seventeenth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0035] In an eighteenth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, comprising: a device and a reader / writer, wherein the device is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect, and the reader / writer is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0036] In a nineteenth aspect, a chip is provided, the chip including a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor, the processor being configured to run a program or instructions to implement the method as described in the first aspect, or to implement the method as described in the second aspect.

[0037] In a twentieth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, the computer program / program product being stored in a storage medium, the computer program / program product being executed by at least one processor to perform the steps of the method as described in the first aspect, or the computer program / program product being executed by at least one processor to perform the steps of the method as described in the second aspect.

[0038] In this embodiment, the device performs SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type; wherein, the R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration; and the parameters of the D2R transmission are used for SFO calibration. Since the device performs SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type, different types of devices can perform SFO calibration based on at least one of these methods, thus meeting the SFO calibration requirements of different types of devices. This is beneficial for extracting the communication performance between the device and the reader / writer. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an AIoT topology type provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another AIoT topology type provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a modulation method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 5 is another schematic diagram of a modulation method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a calibration method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 7 is a flowchart of a message transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the device receiving signals provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 9 is a structural diagram of a calibration device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 10 is a structural diagram of a message transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 11 is a structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 12 is a structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 13 is a structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, the first object can be one or more. Furthermore, "or" in this application indicates at least one of the connected objects. For example, the scope of protection for "A or B" covers at least three scenarios: Scenario 1: including A but not B; Scenario 2: including B but not A; Scenario 3: including both A and B. In addition, the terms "A and / or B," "at least one of A and B," and "at least one of A or B" also cover at least the above three scenarios. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0054] The term "instruction" in this application can be either a direct instruction (or explicit instruction) or an indirect instruction (or implicit instruction). A direct instruction can be understood as one in which the sender explicitly informs the receiver of specific information, the operation to be performed, or the requested result, etc., in the instruction sent. An indirect instruction can be understood as one in which the receiver determines the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or makes a judgment and determines the operation to be performed or the requested result, etc., based on the judgment result.

[0055] It is worth noting that the technologies described in this application are not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in this application are often used interchangeably, and the described technologies can be used with the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as with other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes New Radio (NR) systems for illustrative purposes, and the term NR is used in most of the following description; however, these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) radio systems. th Generation 6G communication system.

[0056] Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to an embodiment of this application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer, netbook, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, flight vehicle, vehicle user equipment (VUE), shipboard equipment, pedestrian user equipment (PUE), smart home (home devices with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), game console, personal computer (PC), ATM, self-service machine, or A-IoT device (such as a tag), etc. Wearable devices include: smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart chains, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among these, in-vehicle devices can also be referred to as in-vehicle terminals, in-vehicle controllers, in-vehicle modules, in-vehicle components, in-vehicle chips, or in-vehicle units, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of terminal 11 is not limited in this application embodiment. Network-side equipment 12 may include access network equipment or core network equipment, wherein access network equipment may also be referred to as Radio Access Network (RAN) equipment, radio access network function, or radio access network unit. Access network equipment may include base stations, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access points (APs), or Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) nodes, etc.The term "base station" can be referred to as Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), Access Point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Radio Base Station, Radio Transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home Evolved Node B, Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), or any other suitable term in the relevant field, as long as the same technical effect is achieved. The term "base station" is not limited to any specific technical terminology. It should be noted that this application embodiment only uses a base station in an NR system as an example for description and does not limit the specific type of base station.

[0057] In this embodiment of the application, A-IoT devices may include the following types:

[0058] Device Type 1: It has energy storage but no independent signal generation / amplification capability, i.e., backscatter transmission, and power consumption is around 1uW.

[0059] Device type 2a: It has energy storage but no independent signal generation capability, i.e., backscatter transmission. The use of stored energy can include amplification of reflected signals. The power consumption is greater than 1uW but less than several hundreduW.

[0060] Device type 2b: Features energy storage and independent signal generation capabilities, i.e., active radio frequency components used for transmission. Power consumption is greater than 1uW but less than several hundred uW.

[0061] Devices with different energy storage capacities also affect their transmission quality. Generally, devices with higher energy storage capacity also mean higher receiving sensitivity or higher transmitting power, and the reliability of the receiving or transmitting link can be better guaranteed.

[0062] The main data / service types of A-IoT can include:

[0063] Device-originated (DO);

[0064] Device-terminated (DT)

[0065] DO and DT data indicate that the data stream originates from or is transmitted to an A-IoT device (similar to a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag). Data streams originating from A-IoT devices (i.e., DO data) can be further categorized as follows:

[0066] AIoT devices autonomously initiate data transmission (DO-A); for example, they connect to a large number of various sensors that collect and proactively report information about the environment, devices, and organisms when necessary.

[0067] Device-terminated triggering (DO-DTT) is a data transfer mechanism in A-IoT devices that initiate data transmission. Examples include base stations and other reader / writer devices triggering data transfer from A-IoT devices. For instance, in asset identification, status reporting, and tracking, the reader / writer collects data from tags by triggering an inventory process. Since the data is generated / initiated within the A-IoT device, this service should be considered as a DO service initiated by the tag, triggered by control commands from the reader / writer side.

[0068] A-IoT topology types can include those shown in Figures 2 and 3, where Topology1 in Figure 2 is: The topology shown in Figure 3 is

[0069] It should be noted that Figure 2 is only an example illustrative of a reader / writer being a network-side device. In this embodiment, the reader / writer can also be a terminal. Similarly, when the intermediate node in Figure 3 acts as a reader / writer, it can be either a network-side device or a terminal.

[0070] In some embodiments, A-IoT can employ On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation, primarily based on multi-carrier OOK signals using an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) architecture. Its generation framework is shown in Figure 4 below:

[0071] For multi-carrier OOK signals based on OFDM architecture, two OOK modulation methods are introduced below:

[0072] I. OOK-1

[0073] OOK-1 primarily uses one OFDM symbol to carry one bit of information. When transmitting bit 1, data is transmitted in the frequency domain corresponding to that symbol; when transmitting bit 0, nothing is transmitted in the frequency domain corresponding to that symbol. To increase the transmission rate, the subcarrier spacing (SCS) needs to be increased. The data in the frequency domain can be a ZC sequence, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signal, etc., to ensure the flatness of the frequency domain signal. Assuming no power pooling is performed between symbols, nothing is transmitted on OFDM symbols that do not transmit bits, resulting in some power loss. If encoding is used, the one bit of information carried by an OFDM symbol becomes one encoded bit. For example, if the original information bit is '1', it becomes two bits after Manchester encoding, representing OOK OFF and OOK ON, which are transmitted in two separate OFDM symbols.

[0074] 2. OOK-4

[0075] OOK-4 waveforms are among the more flexible waveform types, allowing control of the transmission rate by adjusting the number of bits transmitted within an OFDM symbol. There are two methods for generating OOK-4 waveforms: one is using Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread OFDM (DFT-S-FDM), and the other is using the Least Square (LS) method. The DFT-S-OFDM approach first generates the desired waveform in the time domain, where the number of sampling points equals the number of bandwidth resource elements (REs) of the wake-up signal (WUS). Then, the frequency domain information is obtained through DFT. The Least Squares method also derives the frequency domain waveform from the desired time domain waveform, primarily by optimizing the input frequency domain sequence X using the FFT matrix and the ideal time domain waveform. If encoding is used, one bit of information carried by an OFDM symbol is the encoded bit. For example, if the original information bit is '1', it becomes 2 bits after Manchester encoding, representing OOK OFF and OOK ON respectively. If OOK-4 is used and M=2, these two OOK symbols are transmitted in one OFDM symbol.

[0076] In A-IoT systems, due to limitations in low power consumption and low complexity, the signals transmitted by A-IoT readers typically employ relatively simple modulation methods, such as OOK modulation. The OOK modulated signals transmitted by the reader are generated based on OFDM signals. The AIoT device receives the OOK modulated signals in the time domain through envelope detection. For example, the reader transmits four OOK chips within one OFDM symbol, carrying information as OOK ON, OOK OFF, OOK ON, and OOK OFF, as shown in Figure 5. Here, ON can also be represented by / as "high level" or '1', and OFF can also be represented by / as "low level" or '0'.

[0077] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a calibration method, message transmission method, apparatus, and device provided in this application through some embodiments and application scenarios.

[0078] Please refer to Figure 6, which is a flowchart of a calibration method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6, it includes the following steps:

[0079] Step 601: The device performs SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type;

[0080] The R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration;

[0081] The parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

[0082] In some implementations, the device is a terminal, such as an A-IoT device.

[0083] In some embodiments, the aforementioned device can be a response device. The communication method of the response device can be backscattered (Radio Frequency, RF) signal transmission, or some active tags can have the ability to actively generate signals. Because the energy of the response device can come from the environment, such as ambient RF energy, thermal energy, wind energy, kinetic energy, etc., it can also be called an A-IoT device. Therefore, it can also be regarded as a terminal and can be called a terminal device. In some embodiments, the aforementioned response device can be a tag, or it can be an active, passive, or semi-active device.

[0084] The aforementioned R2D transmission is the transmission sent by the reader to the aforementioned device, which may specifically include R2D signals or R2D channels.

[0085] In this embodiment of the application, the reader / writer can also be referred to as a reader or a read / write device.

[0086] In some implementations, the read / write device can be a handheld or fixed device that reads (or some that can support writing) information from A-IoT devices. It can also be understood as a device that communicates with tags. For example, it can be a terminal, a network-side device, or a device with read / write functionality, such as a reader. The specific device is not limited here. The read / write device can send carrier excitation signals or control commands.

[0087] The aforementioned R2D transmission can also be called R2D message, for example: network-side devices or terminals acting as readers transmit signals / channels to A-IoT devices.

[0088] The transmission from the reader to the aforementioned device can be simplified as an R2D transmission, which typically includes a timing acquisition signal, such as an R2D preamble. The R2D preamble may include one or more parts, such as a delimiter, for acquiring time and / or frequency domain synchronization signals. The transmission may also typically include at least one Physical Reader-to-Device Channel (PRDCH) for carrying data and / or control information, and may further include end-of-line symbols or intermediate symbols.

[0089] The aforementioned D2R transmission refers to the transmission sent by the device to the reader / writer, which may specifically include D2R signals or D2R channels.

[0090] The aforementioned D2R transmission can also be called D2R message, for example: an A-IoT device sends a signal / channel to a network-side device acting as a reader or a terminal acting as a reader.

[0091] The aforementioned R2D transmission for SFO calibration can be understood as the device being able to perform SFO calibration based on this R2D transmission.

[0092] The parameters transmitted via D2R are used to determine SFO calibration, which can be understood as the device being able to perform SFO calibration based on the parameters transmitted via D2R.

[0093] In some implementations, the parameters of the D2R transmission described above can be the parameters of the R2D transmission described above, i.e., transmission parameters, sent by the device.

[0094] The above-mentioned equipment performing SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and equipment type can be understood to include at least one of the following:

[0095] SFO calibration based on R2D transmission;

[0096] SFO calibration based on D2R transmission;

[0097] SFO calibration based on device type;

[0098] SFO calibration based on R2D and D2R transmission;

[0099] SFO calibration based on R2D transmission and device type;

[0100] SFO calibration based on D2R transmission and device type;

[0101] SFO calibration is performed based on R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type.

[0102] The aforementioned SFO calibration based on D2R transmission can refer to SFO calibration based on parameters transmitted via D2R transmission.

[0103] The SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type can be an SFO calibration with a target accuracy, where the target accuracy is determined by at least one of the aforementioned R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type. For example, performing an SFO calibration with an accuracy of 10^5 ppm or 10^4 ppm.

[0104] It should be noted that the SFO calibration method is not limited in the embodiments of this application. For example, R2D transmission has a specific duration T, and the device knows the clock count N corresponding to the duration T at the ideal clock frequency f_s. In this case, the device uses the actual local clock with SFO to measure the duration T, and the actual local clock count is N+ΔN. That is, N+ΔN is the clock count obtained by the device using the actual local clock with SFO to measure the duration T, so the SFO (i.e., clock frequency) can be estimated as ((N+ΔN) / N)×f_s. For another example, the SFO calibration method can be the SFO calibration method agreed upon in the protocol. For another example, for high-capacity devices, such as devices that can generate D2R signals themselves, the SFO calibration method can also be to directly calibrate the local oscillator based on the received R2D transmission to calibrate the SFO. For another example, for low-capacity devices, such as devices that cannot generate signals themselves and need to rely on reflection to send D2R signals, the SFO calibration method is the above-mentioned method of adjusting the local clock count, such as estimating the SFO as ((N+ΔN) / N)×f_s.

[0105] In this embodiment of the application, SFO calibration can also be referred to as SFO estimation.

[0106] In some embodiments, the above method further includes at least one of the following:

[0107] The aforementioned equipment receives R2D transmissions;

[0108] The aforementioned devices send D2R transmissions.

[0109] In this embodiment, since the device performs SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type, different types of devices can perform SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type, thereby meeting the SFO calibration requirements of different types of devices. This is beneficial for extracting the communication performance between the device and the reader.

[0110] In some implementations, the R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0111] First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information;

[0112] Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

[0113] In some implementations, the first R2D signal may include at least one of the following:

[0114] R2D timing acquisition signal, R2D clock acquisition part, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D postamble;

[0115] The first R2D channel includes: Physical Reader-to-Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0116] In some implementations, the second R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0117] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0118] The second R2D channel includes: PRDCH.

[0119] The difference between the first R2D signal and the second R2D signal includes at least periodicity, i.e., the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal and the second R2D signal is a periodic signal. The difference between the first R2D channel and the second R2D channel includes at least periodicity, i.e., the first R2D channel is an aperiodic signal and the second R2D channel is a periodic signal.

[0120] The R2D indication information mentioned above is the indication information sent by the reader to the device, such as explicit or implicit indication information.

[0121] In the above embodiments, the reader can perform SFO calibration of the device through multiple signals or channels, so that the SFO calibration of the device is more flexible and has good forward compatibility.

[0122] In some implementations, the accuracy achievable by the SFO calibration is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

[0123] The accuracy achievable by the above SFO calibration is determined by at least one of the above, which can also be understood as the accuracy achievable by the above SFO calibration being related to or determined by at least one of the above.

[0124] In the above embodiments, since the accuracy achievable by SFO calibration is determined by at least one of the above, the accuracy achievable by SFO calibration can be flexibly configured to meet the SFO calibration accuracy requirements of different types of equipment.

[0125] In some implementations, the accuracy achievable by SFO calibration can be determined by a set of candidate parameters predefined by the configuration or protocol.

[0126] In some implementations, the parameters of the first R2D signal include the transmission length of the first R2D signal, and the parameters of the first R2D channel include the transmission length of the first R2D channel.

[0127] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel includes L chips, and the value of L is variable, with different values ​​of L corresponding to different SFO calibration accuracies.

[0128] Wherein, when the first R2D signal is an R2D frequency synchronization signal, an R2D post-synchronization signal, or an R2D postamble, or when the first R2D channel is a PRDCH, the transmission length of the first R2D signal can be 0. When the transmission length of the first R2D signal is 0, it is equivalent to the first R2D signal not being transmitted.

[0129] In the above embodiments, the transmission length of the first R2D channel can meet the requirements of the SFO calibration accuracy of the device, thereby eliminating the need for additional transmission and saving resource overhead. Furthermore, since different values ​​of L correspond to different SFO calibration accuracies, the SFO calibration accuracy requirements of different types of devices can be met by varying the transmission length.

[0130] In some implementations, the transmission length L1 of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches a first value; and / or

[0131] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L2, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the second value.

[0132] Wherein, L1 is an integer less than L2, L2 is an integer greater than 1, and the first value is less than the second value.

[0133] It is understandable that the accuracy requirement corresponding to the first value is lower than the accuracy requirement corresponding to the second value.

[0134] The L1 and L2 mentioned above can be integers agreed upon by the protocol or configured by the network-side device. For example, L1 equals 4 and L2 equals 8, or L1 equals 2 and L2 equals 4, etc.

[0135] The first and second values ​​mentioned above can be integers agreed upon by the protocol or configured by the network-side device. For example, the first value is 10^5ppm and the second value is 10^4ppm, or the first value is 10^4ppm and the second value is 10^3ppm, etc.

[0136] The transmission length L1 of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the first value. It can be understood that the transmission length L1 of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel makes the SFO calibration accuracy reach the first value, that is, the transmission length L1 of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel corresponds to the first value of the SFO calibration accuracy.

[0137] The transmission length L2 of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the first value. It can be understood that the transmission length L2 of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel makes the SFO calibration accuracy reach the second value, that is, the transmission length L2 of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel corresponds to the second value of the SFO calibration accuracy.

[0138] In the above implementation, the transmission length of L1 satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the first value, and the transmission length of L2 satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the second value. This allows devices with low accuracy requirements to receive only the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel with the transmission length of L1, thereby saving the power consumption of the device.

[0139] In some implementations, L1 and L2 satisfy:

[0140] The values ​​of L1 and L2 are the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; or, the values ​​of L1 and L2 are the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel needs to include, wherein the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L1 or L2 chips.

[0141] The values ​​of L1 and L2 mentioned above are the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, indicating that the values ​​of L1 and L2 are fixed.

[0142] In some implementations, L2 is equal to Y*L1, where Y is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0143] The values ​​of L1 and L2 mentioned above represent the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel must contain, indicating that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel must include at least L1 or L2 chips. If the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than L1 chips, the device may receive only L1 chips when receiving the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel. For example, for device type 1, only L1 chips may be received to achieve a first SFO calibration accuracy. If the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than L2 chips, the device may receive only L2 chips when receiving the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel. For example, for device type 2, only L2 chips may be received to achieve a second SFO calibration accuracy.

[0144] In the above embodiments, since the values ​​of L1 and L2 can be the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, or the values ​​of L1 and L2 can be the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel needs to include, the transmission of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel can be more flexible.

[0145] In some implementations, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is indicated by at least one of the following:

[0146] Second R2D signal, second R2D channel, third R2D signal, third R2D channel, fourth R2D signal, fourth R2D channel, reader, protocol specifications;

[0147] Wherein, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel;

[0148] The third R2D signal is a signal received by the device before the first R2D signal, or the third R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0149] The third R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device before the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel;

[0150] The fourth R2D signal is an R2D signal received by the device after the first R2D signal, or the fourth R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0151] The fourth R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device after the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel.

[0152] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel can be the actual transmission length, or the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel can be the length that the device needs to receive.

[0153] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel can be indicated by the parameters of the second R2D signal or the second R2D channel, such as the transmission length, period, etc. of the second R2D signal or the second R2D channel, which are implicitly indicated.

[0154] The aforementioned reader indicates that the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is indicated by the reader, or may be referred to as reader configuration, and may be directly or explicitly indicated or configured, or indirectly or implicitly indicated or configured based on other R2D and / or D2R transmission parameters indicated / configured by the reader.

[0155] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is indicated by at least one of the above, so that the device can receive the signal according to the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, thereby avoiding wasted power consumption and saving power consumption.

[0156] For example: if at least one of the above indicates that the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part is L1, then the device will receive the complete R2D clock acquisition part and the PRDCH following the R2D clock acquisition part. The device's SFO calibration accuracy is required to reach 10^5 ppm.

[0157] For example: if at least one of the above indicates that the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part is L2, and the above device is device type 1, then the device is required to receive at least an R2D clock acquisition part with a transmission length of L1, or the device may also receive an R2D clock acquisition part with a transmission length of L2; and the PRDCH after receiving the R2D clock acquisition part. The device is required to have an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^5 ppm, or it is not required to have an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^4 ppm, but an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^4 ppm is allowed.

[0158] In some embodiments, the waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is an OOK waveform; or

[0159] The waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is a single-tone continuous sine-wave.

[0160] When the waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is an OOK waveform, the length of one chip per waveform can be represented as Tchip, and the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel with the same Tchip is variable.

[0161] When the waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is a single-tone continuous sine wave, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel can be fixed or variable.

[0162] In the above embodiments, the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel supports multiple waveforms to improve the transmission flexibility between the reader and the device.

[0163] In some implementations, the R2D transmission described above can employ line code, such as Manchester encoding or Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE). The preamble portion, PRDCH portion, end symbol, and intermediate symbols of the R2D transmission can employ the same or different modulation and / or encoding.

[0164] In some implementations, the number of chips in a symbol of the PRDCH and / or Physical Device-to-Reader Channel (PDRCH) transmitted by the device after the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is associated with the chip length in the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel.

[0165] The relationship between the number of chips in a symbol of the aforementioned PRDCH or PDRCH and the chip length in the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel can be that the number of chips in a symbol of the PRDCH or PDRCH is determined by the chip length in the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel. For example, the length Tchip of one chip in the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel determines the number of chips M in a symbol of the subsequent PRDCH and / or PDRCH, where M = T-OFDM / Tchip, and T-OFDM is the length of one OFDM symbol.

[0166] Since the number of chips in a symbol of PRDCH and / or PDRCH is related to the chip length in the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, this ensures that the PRDCH and / or PDRCH transmitted after the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel are matched with the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, thereby reducing the complexity of transmission between the reader and the device.

[0167] In some embodiments, the parameters of the second R2D signal include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D signal, the starting position of the second R2D signal within a transmission period, and the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel within a transmission period.

[0168] The parameters of the second R2D channel include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D channel, the starting position of the second R2D channel within a transmission period, and the transmission length of the second R2D channel within a transmission period.

[0169] The aforementioned transmission period and the starting position within a transmission period can be pre-configured or agreed upon by the protocol.

[0170] The transmission length of the second R2D signal and the second R2D channel can be fixed or variable.

[0171] The transmission period of the second R2D signal and the second R2D channel, the starting position within a transmission period, and the transmission length within a transmission period correspond to the required SFO calibration accuracy, so that different transmission periods, different starting positions, or different transmission lengths result in different requirements for SFO calibration accuracy.

[0172] The above implementation can determine the SFO calibration accuracy by the transmission period of the second R2D signal and the second R2D channel, the starting position within a transmission period, and the transmission length within a transmission period, so as to avoid introducing additional messages and save transmission overhead.

[0173] As an optional implementation, the method further includes:

[0174] The device transmits D2R transmissions based on a calibrated SFO, and the D2R transmissions include D2R signals or D2R channels.

[0175] In the case where SFO calibration is performed on at least one of the above-mentioned device-based R2D transmission and device type, that is, the above-mentioned D2R transmission is sent after SFO calibration, so that the SFO of the device sending the D2R transmission is the SFO after SFO calibration.

[0176] In the case where the above-mentioned device performs SFO calibration based on D2R transmission, the device can first perform SFO calibration based on the parameters of D2R transmission, and then send D2R transmission.

[0177] In this embodiment, since D2R transmission is sent based on the calibrated SFO, that is, the SFO sent by the device for D2R transmission is the calibrated SFO, the transmission performance of D2R transmission can be improved.

[0178] As an optional implementation, the parameters of the D2R transmission include at least one of the following:

[0179] Number of midambles;

[0180] Indicator whether to transmit postamble;

[0181] Indication of D2R transmission parameters.

[0182] The number of midambles mentioned above can be represented as the number of midambles X, where X is a positive integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0183] The above indication of whether to transmit the postamble can be simply referred to as whether to transmit the postamble.

[0184] The transmission parameters for D2R mentioned above may include at least one of the following:

[0185] Data rate, payload, transmission length, transmission frequency location, transmission bandwidth, and small frequency shift.

[0186] The above-mentioned D2R transmission parameters can be indicated indirectly or implicitly as D2R transmission parameters or configured.

[0187] SFO calibration can be achieved by transmitting at least one of the above parameters via D2R, thus eliminating the need for additional message transmission and saving transmission resources.

[0188] In some implementations, the content indicated by the R2D indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0189] SFO calibration accuracy;

[0190] SFO calibration accuracy for at least one device type;

[0191] Information used to implicitly indicate the accuracy of SFO calibration.

[0192] The R2D indication information mentioned above includes the SFO calibration accuracy, which can be understood as the reader directly indicating a required SFO calibration accuracy.

[0193] The SFO calibration accuracy corresponding to at least one of the above device types can be that the reader / writer directly indicates K SFO calibration accuracies for N device types, where N>=K>1, and a certain device type corresponds to 1 SFO calibration accuracy. For example, the indicated 1 or K SFO calibration accuracies can be 1 or K from a configured or predefined P. <K<=P。

[0194] The information used above for implicitly indicating SFO calibration accuracy can be indirectly / implicitly indicated by the reader / writer, for example: indicating the multiplexing type and number of multiplexing in D2R transmission, thereby indirectly / implicitly indicating SFO calibration accuracy by indicating the multiplexing type and number of multiplexing in D2R transmission, wherein the multiplexing type includes at least one of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).

[0195] In the above embodiments, SFO calibration can be directly or indirectly instructed by the reader / writer, thereby improving the flexibility of SFO calibration.

[0196] As an optional implementation, if the device type is a first device type:

[0197] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a third value; or

[0198] The device does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value; or

[0199] The equipment requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be the third value or not less than the third value;

[0200] The third value is less than the fourth value.

[0201] The third value may be the same as or different from the first value in the above embodiment, and the fourth value may be the same as or different from the second value in the above embodiment. For example, the third value is 10^4ppm, 10^5ppm, or 10^6ppm, and the fourth value is 10^3ppm, 10^4ppm, or 10^5ppm.

[0202] Among them, the first device type mentioned above can be device type 1, that is, it has energy storage, but no independent signal generation / amplification capability, i.e., backscatter transmission, and power consumption is around 1uW.

[0203] Alternatively, the device of the first device type mentioned above may be a device with lower capabilities than the device of the second device type.

[0204] The aforementioned device determines or expects the received R2D transmission to achieve a third value in SFO calibration accuracy. This can be because the device of the first device type determines or expects the received R2D transmission to have at least the parameters of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, which make the SFO calibration accuracy after SFO calibration or the SFO calibration accuracy of the transmitted D2R transmission a third value. Alternatively, the aforementioned device determines or expects the received R2D transmission to achieve a third value in SFO calibration accuracy. This can be because the device of the first device type determines or expects the parameters of the received first R2D signal or the first R2D channel to make the SFO calibration accuracy after SFO calibration or the SFO calibration accuracy of the transmitted D2R transmission a third value.

[0205] The statement that the above-mentioned equipment does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value can be understood as meaning that the equipment of the first type of equipment mentioned above does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value.

[0206] The requirement or expectation that the SFO calibration accuracy of the above-mentioned equipment is the third value or not less than the third value can be understood as the requirement or expectation that the SFO calibration accuracy of the first type of equipment is the third value or not less than the third value.

[0207] In the above embodiments, the SFO calibration accuracy of the first device type can reach the third value, and it is not required to reach the fourth value. In this way, while satisfying the SFO calibration accuracy of the first device type, it also avoids the calibration of SFO calibration accuracy that cannot be matched by the execution capability of the first device type, resulting in wasted power consumption.

[0208] In some implementations, when the device type of the device is a second device type:

[0209] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach the fourth value; or

[0210] The device requires an SFO calibration accuracy of not less than the third value; or

[0211] The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value or not less than the fourth value;

[0212] The third value is less than the fourth value.

[0213] The third and fourth values ​​mentioned above are described in the above implementation method and will not be repeated here.

[0214] The second equipment type mentioned above can be equipment type 2, such as:

[0215] Device type 2a: It has energy storage but no independent signal generation capability, i.e., backscatter transmission. The use of stored energy can include amplification of reflected signals. The power consumption is greater than 1uW but less than several hundreduW.

[0216] Device type 2b: Features energy storage and independent signal generation capabilities, i.e., active radio frequency components used for transmission. Power consumption is greater than 1uW but less than several hundred uW.

[0217] Alternatively, the device of the second device type mentioned above has a higher capability than the device of the first device type.

[0218] The aforementioned device determines or expects the received R2D transmission to achieve a fourth SFO calibration accuracy by means of parameters of at least the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, such that the SFO calibration accuracy after calibration or the SFO calibration accuracy of the transmitted D2R transmission is a fourth value. Alternatively, the aforementioned device determines or expects the received R2D transmission to achieve a fourth SFO calibration accuracy by means of parameters of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, such that the SFO calibration accuracy after calibration or the SFO calibration accuracy of the transmitted D2R transmission is a fourth value.

[0219] The requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy of the above-mentioned equipment be no less than the third value can be understood as the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy of the second type of equipment be no less than the third value.

[0220] The requirement or expectation that the SFO calibration accuracy of the above-mentioned equipment is the fourth value or not less than the fourth value can be understood as the requirement or expectation that the SFO calibration accuracy of the second type of equipment is the fourth value or not less than the fourth value.

[0221] In the above embodiments, the SFO calibration accuracy of the second type of device can reach the fourth value, so as to meet the SFO calibration accuracy of the second type of device.

[0222] In some implementations, the first value may be the SFO calibration accuracy corresponding to the first device type, and the second value may be the SFO calibration accuracy corresponding to the second device type, for example:

[0223] For the first equipment type, which is equipment type 1, the SFO correction accuracy requirement is 10^5ppm, that is, the third value mentioned above is 10^5ppm.

[0224] For the first equipment type, which is equipment type 2a, the SFO correction accuracy requirement is 10^4 ppm, that is, the fourth value mentioned above is 10^4 ppm.

[0225] In some implementations, under a first condition, the behavior of the device includes at least one of the following:

[0226] Detect or receive the complete first R2D signal or the first R2D channel;

[0227] Detecting or receiving a portion of the first R2D signal or a portion of the first R2D channel, wherein it is not required that the length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel to be detected or received is greater than L1, or at least it is required to detect the R2D signal or the first R2D channel of length L1, where L1 is a positive integer;

[0228] It is not required to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel;

[0229] The first condition includes at least one of the following:

[0230] The type of the device is the first device type;

[0231] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a first value;

[0232] The device does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the second value;

[0233] The equipment requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be a first value or not less than a first value;

[0234] Wherein, the first value is less than the second value.

[0235] The detection or reception of part of the first R2D signal or part of the first R2D channel can be performed when the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than L1.

[0236] The aforementioned detection or reception of the first R2D signal or part of the first R2D channel can be understood as the reader sending the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel to the device. The device may only receive a portion of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel sent by the reader. For example, if the reader sends the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel with a length of 8 chips to the device, the device may only receive 4 of those chips.

[0237] The aforementioned device determines that the R2D transmission received by the device enables the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a first value by receiving or detecting the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel while determining the SFO until the calibration accuracy reaches the first value. The remaining part can be received or not received. If received, the remaining part is not used for SFO calibration.

[0238] By detecting or receiving part of the first R2D signal or part of the first R2D channel, device power consumption can be saved.

[0239] The above-mentioned requirement not to detect or receive the second R2D signal or the second R2D channel can be that the device has already received or detected the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, and therefore does not detect or receive the second R2D signal or the second R2D channel.

[0240] Since it does not require the detection or reception of a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel, this allows for better energy conservation of the device.

[0241] In some implementations, under the second condition, the behavior of the device includes at least one of the following:

[0242] Detect or receive the complete first R2D signal or the first R2D channel;

[0243] Detect or receive the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel with an L2 length or not less than the L2 length;

[0244] It is expected that the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L2;

[0245] The requirement is to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel; or, the expectation is to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel.

[0246] The second condition includes at least one of the following:

[0247] The type of the device is the second type of device;

[0248] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a second value;

[0249] The equipment requires that the SFO calibration accuracy be no less than the first value;

[0250] The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be a second value or not less than a second value;

[0251] Wherein, the first value is less than the second value.

[0252] The detection or reception of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel with a length of L2 or not less than L2 can be achieved by the reader sending the first R2D signal to the device or by the first R2D channel being greater than or equal to L2. The device can detect or receive the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel with a length of L2 or not less than L2.

[0253] The L2 length allows the device to achieve a second SFO calibration accuracy, thus meeting the SFO calibration accuracy requirements of the second device type.

[0254] The above-mentioned requirement to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel, or the expectation to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel, may be a requirement to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel after receiving the above-mentioned first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, or the expectation to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel.

[0255] Because it is required to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel, or it is desired to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel, the SFO calibration accuracy of the above-mentioned device can be made more reliable.

[0256] The aforementioned second R2D signal or second R2D channel is periodic, but it is not required or required that the aforementioned device receive or detect the second R2D signal or second R2D channel in each period.

[0257] In some implementations, when the SFO calibration accuracy corresponding to the transmission length of the second R2D signal or the second R2D channel detected or received by the device is the second value, the SFO calibration accuracy of the device reaches the second value.

[0258] In this way, by detecting or receiving the second R2D signal or the second R2D channel, the SFO calibration accuracy of the device reaches the second value, thereby making the SFO calibration accuracy of the aforementioned device more reliable.

[0259] It should be noted that the following examples, using a first value of 10^5 ppm and a second value of 10^4 ppm, illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of low SFO calibration accuracy on the device side (10^5 ppm) and high SFO calibration accuracy on the device side (10^4 ppm), as shown in Table 1 below:

[0260] Table 1:

[0261] In this embodiment, the device performs SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type; wherein, the R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration; and the parameters of the D2R transmission are used for SFO calibration. Since the device performs SFO calibration based on at least one of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and device type, different types of devices can perform SFO calibration based on at least one of these methods, thus meeting the SFO calibration requirements of different types of devices. This is beneficial for extracting the communication performance between the device and the reader / writer.

[0262] Please refer to Figure 7, which is a flowchart of a message transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, it includes the following steps:

[0263] Step 701: The reader performs a first operation, which includes at least one of the following:

[0264] Send reader-to-device R2D transmission, the R2D transmission being used for sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration;

[0265] The receiving device transmits data via D2R to the reader / writer, and the parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

[0266] Optionally, the R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0267] First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information;

[0268] Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

[0269] Optionally, the accuracy achievable by the SFO is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

[0270] Optionally, the parameters of the first R2D signal include the transmission length of the first R2D signal, and the parameters of the first R2D channel include the transmission length of the first R2D channel.

[0271] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel includes L chips, and the value of L is variable, with different values ​​of L corresponding to different SFO calibration accuracies.

[0272] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L1, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches a first value; and / or

[0273] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L2, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the second value.

[0274] Wherein, L1 is an integer less than L2, L2 is an integer greater than 1, and the first value is less than the second value.

[0275] Optionally, L1 and L2 satisfy:

[0276] The values ​​of L1 and L2 are the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; or, the values ​​of L1 and L2 are the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel needs to include, wherein the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L1 or L2 chips.

[0277] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is indicated by at least one of the following:

[0278] Second R2D signal, second R2D channel, third R2D signal, third R2D channel, fourth R2D signal, fourth R2D channel, reader, protocol specifications;

[0279] Wherein, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel;

[0280] The third R2D signal is a signal received by the device before the first R2D signal, or the third R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0281] The third R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device before the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel;

[0282] The fourth R2D signal is an R2D signal received by the device after the first R2D signal, or the fourth R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0283] The fourth R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device after the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel.

[0284] Optionally, the first R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0285] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0286] The first R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0287] Optionally, the waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is an on / off keying (OOK) waveform; or

[0288] The waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is a single-tone continuous sine wave.

[0289] Optionally, the parameters of the second R2D signal include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D signal, the starting position of the second R2D signal within one transmission period, and the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel within one transmission period.

[0290] The parameters of the second R2D channel include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D channel, the starting position of the second R2D channel within a transmission period, and the transmission length of the second R2D channel within a transmission period.

[0291] Optionally, the second R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0292] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0293] The second R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0294] Optionally, the parameters of the D2R transmission include at least one of the following:

[0295] Number of midambles in the middle code;

[0296] Indicator whether to transmit postamble;

[0297] Indication of D2R transmission parameters.

[0298] Optionally, the content indicated by the R2D indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0299] SFO calibration accuracy;

[0300] SFO calibration accuracy for at least one device type;

[0301] Information used to implicitly indicate the accuracy of SFO calibration.

[0302] It should be noted that this embodiment is an implementation of the reader / writer corresponding to the embodiment shown in Figure 6. For the specific implementation, please refer to the relevant description of the embodiment shown in Figure 6. In order to avoid repeated description, this embodiment will not be repeated.

[0303] The methods provided in the embodiments of this application are illustrated below through multiple examples:

[0304] Example 1:

[0305] For the first R2D signal or first R2D channel with an OOK waveform, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or first R2D channel with the same OOK chip length can vary. The device receives the first R2D signal or first R2D channel for SFO calibration. Different transmission lengths of the first R2D signal or first R2D channel result in different SFO calibration accuracies. The following explanation uses the first R2D signal as the R2D clock acquisition part and the variation in the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part as an example. This method is also applicable to variations in the transmission length of R2D Postamble, A R2D frequency synchronization signal, and PRDCH.

[0306] For example, for device type 1 (abbreviated as device 1), its SFO correction accuracy requirement is 10^5ppm, corresponding to L1=4, which contains 4 chips of length Tchip. The information, sequence or level carried by these 4 chips is 1001.

[0307] For device type 2a (abbreviated as device 2a), the SFO correction accuracy requirement is 10^4ppm, corresponding to L2=8, which contains 8 chips of length Tchip. The information, sequence or high / low level carried by these 8 chips is 10011001.

[0308] The following explanation uses the above scenario as an example:

[0309] When the first R2D signal is the R2D clock acquisition part, assuming the length of one OOK chip of the R2D clock acquisition part is 1 / 4 of the Tchip-clock, M=4.

[0310] Method 1: The transmission length of the first R2D signal is indicated by the third R2D signal or the third R2D channel located before the first R2D signal.

[0311] The third R2D signal or the third R2D channel carries 1 bit of information. This 1 bit of information indicates / takes a value of 0 to indicate that the R2D clock acquisition part transmission length is the length corresponding to L1 = 4 Tchip-clocks; this 1 bit of information indicates / takes a value of 1 to indicate that the R2D clock acquisition part transmission length is the length corresponding to L2 = 8 Tchip-clocks.

[0312] In this context, the 1-bit information carried by the third R2D signal or the third R2D channel can be represented by one OOK chip. For example, a low level on the OOK chip indicates that the 1-bit information has a value of 0, corresponding to L1 = 4; a high level on the OOK chip indicates that the 1-bit information has a value of 1, corresponding to L2 = 8; or...

[0313] The 1-bit information carried by the third R2D signal or the third R2D channel can also be represented by 2 OOK chips. If the level / sequence / bit of these 2 OOK chips is "high low" or "10", it means that the 1-bit information is 0, corresponding to L1=4; if the level / sequence / bit of these 2 OOK chips is "low high" or "01", it means that the 1-bit information is 1, corresponding to L2=8.

[0314] The OOK chip length Tchip-4 carrying the third R2D signal or the third R2D channel can be the same as or different from the OOK chip length Tchip-clock carrying the first R2D signal.

[0315] Wherein, if the third R2D signal belongs to the clock acquisition part of the R2D Preamble, then the length of the first R2D signal = (L1 or L2) * Tchip - clock + (number of chips transmitting the third R2D signal) * Tchip - 4. When the number of chips transmitting the third R2D signal is 1, the length of the first R2D signal = (L1 or L2) * Tchip - clock + Tchip - 4; when the number of chips transmitting the third R2D signal is 2, the length of the first R2D signal = (L1 or L2) * Tchip - clock + 2 * Tchip - 4;

[0316] If the third R2D signal belongs to the start indicator part of the R2D Preamble or does not belong to the clock acquisition part of the R2D Preamble, then the length of the first R2D signal is (L1 or L2) * Tchip-clock.

[0317] In some implementations, if the third R2D signal belongs to the clock acquisition part of the R2D Preamble, the OOK chip length Tchip-4 carrying the third R2D signal is the same as the OOK chip length Tchip-clock carrying the first R2D signal; if the third R2D signal belongs to the start indicator part of the R2D Preamble or does not belong to the clock acquisition part of the R2D Preamble, the OOK chip length Tchip-4 carrying the third R2D signal is different from the OOK chip length Tchip-clock carrying the first R2D signal.

[0318] The behavior of the device can include the following:

[0319] Based on the information carried by the detected third R2D signal, Device 1 performs the following:

[0320] If the third R2D signal indicates that the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part is L1, then Device 1 will receive the complete R2D clock acquisition part and the PRDCH following the R2D clock acquisition part. Device 1 is required to have an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^5 ppm.

[0321] If the third R2D signal indicates that the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part is L2, then Device 1 is required to receive at least an R2D clock acquisition part with a transmission length of L1, or Device 1 may also receive an R2D clock acquisition part with a transmission length of L2; and receive the PRDCH after receiving the R2D clock acquisition part. Device 1 is required to have an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^5 ppm, or it is not required to have an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^4 ppm, but an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^4 ppm is allowed.

[0322] In some embodiments, if the transmission length Lrx of the R2D clock acquisition part received by Device1 is < L2, Device1 sleeps when not receiving the R2D clock acquisition part or within the time of (L2 - Lrx) to save power.

[0323] If the third R2D signal indicates that the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part is L2, then Device1 considers that the target device of this R2D transmission is not Device 1; or Device 1 abandons receiving the subsequent R2D clock acquisition part and / or transmitting the PRDCH after the R2D clock acquisition part.

[0324] Device 2 performs the following according to the information carried in the monitored third R2D signal:

[0325] Regardless of whether the third R2D signal indicates that the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part is L1 or L2, Device 2 will receive the complete R2D clock acquisition part and receive the PRDCH after the R2D clock acquisition part;

[0326] If the third R2D signal indicates that the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part is L2, then the SFO calibration accuracy of Device 2 is required to reach 10^4 ppm;

[0327] If the third R2D signal indicates that the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part is L1, then the SFO calibration accuracy of Device 2 is required to reach 10^5 ppm; or the SFO calibration accuracy of Device 2 is not required to reach 10^4 ppm;

[0328] If the third R2D signal indicates that the transmission length of the R2D clock acquisition part is L1, then Device2 considers that the target device of this R2D transmission is not Device2; or Device 2 abandons receiving the subsequent R2D clock acquisition part and / or transmitting the PRDCH after the R2D clock acquisition part.

[0329] Method 2: The transmission of the first R2D signal is indicated / marked by a fourth R2D signal located after the first R2D signal.

[0330] The fourth R2D signal carries a special bit sequence, which is unique and uniquely marks the end of the transmission of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel, including the following:

[0331] This bit sequence will not repeat all or any part of the information bits carried by the PRDCH;

[0332] This bit sequence will not repeat all or any part of the bits or sequence carried by the start indicator part or clock acquisition part of the R2D Preamble;

[0333] This bit sequence will not repeat all or any part of the bits or sequence carried by the R2D postamble.

[0334] For example, the first R2D signal carries a special bit sequence of "1111" or "0000".

[0335] The device behaves as follows:

[0336] Device 1 and Device 2 monitor R2D transmission until the first R2D signal is detected. Device 1 and Device 2 then determine the end of the clock acquisition part transmission and the time when the clock acquisition part transmission ends. Based on their respective sampling frequencies, Device 1 and Device 2 determine the transmission length of the clock acquisition part by calculating the number of clocks between the determined start and end positions of the clock acquisition part transmission (including or excluding the transmission length of the fifth signal).

[0337] If the clock acquisition part transmission length is L1, then:

[0338] Device 1 receives the PRDCH after the R2D clock acquisition part. Device 1 is required to achieve an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^5 ppm.

[0339] Device 2's behavior includes at least one of the following:

[0340] Receive the PRDCH after the R2D clock acquisition part. Device 2's SFO calibration accuracy is required to reach 10^5 ppm; or Device 2's SFO calibration accuracy is not required to reach 10^4 ppm.

[0341] Device2 believes that the target device of the R2D transmission is not Device2; or Device2 abandons receiving the PRDCH transmission after the R2D clock acquisition part.

[0342] If the clock acquisition part transmission length is L2, then:

[0343] Device 1's behavior includes at least one of the following:

[0344] Receive the PRDCH after the R2D clock acquisition part. Device 1's SFO calibration accuracy is required to reach 10^5 ppm, or it is not required to reach 10^5 ppm, but device 1's SFO calibration accuracy is allowed to reach 10^4 ppm;

[0345] Device1 believes that the target device for the R2D transmission is not Device 1; or Device 1 abandons receiving the PRDCH transmission after the R2D clock acquisition part.

[0346] Device 2 receives the PRDCH after the R2D clock acquisition part. Device 2 is required to achieve an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^4 ppm.

[0347] Example 2:

[0348] For the first R2D signal (R2D preamble or R2D clock acquisition part) of the OOK waveform, R2D preambles or R2D clock acquisition parts with the same OOK chip length have the same / fixed transmission length of L1. R2D preambles or R2D clock acquisition parts with a transmission length of L1 can achieve a Device SFO calibration accuracy of 10^5 ppm. The second R2D signal (R2D postamble) can be further used to improve the Device SFO calibration accuracy to 10^4 ppm. Specifically, this includes:

[0349] The transmission information of the R2D postamble includes one or more of the following:

[0350] Message 1: Whether the R2D postamble is transmitted after the R2D or PRDCH transmission; Message 1 content: Yes or No;

[0351] Information 2: Transmission length of the R2D postamble after R2D transmission or PRDCH transmission;

[0352] Information 2 includes the following: the transmission length of the R2D postamble, such as the transmission length of the R2D postamble containing L1' OOK chips or L2' OOK chips; wherein, the L1' transmission length corresponds to an SFO correction accuracy requirement of 10^5 ppm or the L1' transmission length is independent of the sampling frequency offset (SFO) correction accuracy; the L2' transmission length corresponds to a sampling frequency offset (SFO) correction accuracy requirement of 10^4 ppm;

[0353] Information 3: The ON and OFF modes (patterns) of the R2D postamble after R2D or PRDCH transmission; Information 3 includes whether the ON-OFF mode (pattern) of the R2D postamble is pattern 1 or pattern 2.

[0354] Among them, pattern1 corresponds to an SFO correction accuracy requirement of 10^5ppm, or pattern1 is unrelated to SFO correction accuracy, or pattern1 indicates the end of PRDCH transmission. For example, pattern1 is three consecutive OOK chip high levels "ON-ON-ON" / "111"; or three consecutive OOK chip low levels "OFF-OFF-OFF" / "000".

[0355] Pattern2 corresponds to an SFO correction accuracy requirement of 10^4ppm. For example, pattern2 consists of 9 consecutive OOK chips, which are “ON-ON-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-ON-ON” / ”111010111”; or “OFF-OFF-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-OFF” / “000101000”.

[0356] One or more of the above information 1, 2, and 3 can be determined by at least one of the following.

[0357] Explicit indication: The R2D preamble, R2D clock acquisition part, or layer 1 or layer 2 R2D control signaling transmitted in the PRDCH carries the explicit indication.

[0358] Implicit indication: Indicating based on defined conditions, including at least one of the following:

[0359] Based on the duration of PRDCH transmission, the Transport Block Size (TBS), and the data rate indication, for example:

[0360] If PRDCH transmission length / TBS / data rate is less than, less than, or not greater than the first value of transmission length / TBS / data rate, then the Device determines at least one of the following:

[0361] R2D postamble is not transmitted (Reader does not transmit R2D postamble);

[0362] The transmission length of the R2D postamble includes L1' OOK chips;

[0363] The ON-OFF pattern for R2D postamble is pattern1;

[0364] Alternatively, if the PRDCH transmission length / TBS / data rate is greater than, greater than, equal to, or not less than the second value of transmission length / TBS / data rate, then the Device determines at least one of the following:

[0365] R2D postamble transfer (Reader transfers R2D postamble);

[0366] The transmission length of the R2D postamble includes L2' OOK chips;

[0367] The ON-OFF pattern for R2D postamble is pattern2.

[0368] The device determines whether to transmit the R2D posatmble, the transmission length of the R2D posatmble, and the ON-OFF pattern of the R2D posatmble based on the PDRCH scheduled for R2D or PRDCH transmission, or the transmission length of the PDRCH in response to R2D or PRDCH transmission, TBS, and data rate.

[0369] If PDRCH transmission length / TBS / data rate is less than, less than, or not greater than the third value of transmission length / TBS / data rate, then at least one of the following must be determined:

[0370] R2D postamble is not transmitted (Reader does not transmit R2D postamble);

[0371] The transmission length of the R2D postamble includes L1' OOK chips;

[0372] The ON-OFF pattern for R2D postamble is pattern1.

[0373] If the PDRCH transmission length / TBS / data rate is greater than, greater than, equal to, or not less than the fourth value of transmission length / TBS / data rate, then the Device determines at least one of the following:

[0374] R2D postamble transfer (Reader transfers R2D postamble);

[0375] The transmission length of the R2D postamble includes L2' OOK chips;

[0376] The ON-OFF pattern for R2D postamble is pattern2.

[0377] The determination is based on whether the PDRCH transmits a midamble or the number of midambles transmitted. If the number of midambles transmitted by the PDRCH is less than, less than, or not greater than the first quantity, then the Device determines at least one of the following:

[0378] R2D postamble transfer (Reader transfers R2D postamble);

[0379] The transmission length of the R2D postamble includes L2' OOK chips;

[0380] The ON-OFF pattern for R2D postamble is pattern2.

[0381] If the number of midambles transmitted by PDRCH is greater than, greater than or equal to, or not less than the second number, then the Device determines at least one of the following:

[0382] R2D postamble is not transmitted (Reader does not transmit R2D postamble);

[0383] The transmission length of the R2D postamble includes L1' OOK chips;

[0384] The ON-OFF pattern for R2D postamble is pattern1.

[0385] Alternatively, no indication or default configuration: depending on the device type, it may include at least one of the following:

[0386] Device 1's default or pre-configured features include at least one of the following:

[0387] No R2D postamble transmission;

[0388] The transmission length of the R2D postamble includes L1' OOK chips;

[0389] The ON-OFF pattern for R2D postamble is pattern1;

[0390] Device 2's default or pre-configured features include at least one of the following:

[0391] There is R2D postamble transmission;

[0392] The transmission length of the R2D postamble includes L2' OOK chips;

[0393] The ON-OFF pattern for R2D postamble is pattern2.

[0394] The device behaves as follows:

[0395] Device 1 only needs to achieve an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^5 ppm based on one or more of the received R2D preamble, R2D clock acquisition part, or PRDCH. Therefore, even if the Reader sends an R2D postamble, or the R2D postamble transmission length is L2', or the R2D postamble pattern is pattern2, device 1 is not required to receive an R2D postamble that improves its SFO calibration accuracy to 10^4 ppm, as shown in Figure 8. Device 1's behavior includes at least one of the following:

[0396] Device1 receives the R2D postamble;

[0397] Receive an R2D postamble of length L1';

[0398] Receive the R2D postamble of pattern1; wherein, when device1 detects an R2D postamble of length L1' or pattern1, device1 stops receiving R2D or device1 determines that the PRDCH transmission has ended.

[0399] In addition to one or more of the R2D preamble, R2D clock acquisition part, or PRDCH, Device2 also needs to receive the R2D postamble to improve its SFO calibration accuracy to 10^4 ppm.

[0400] If the Reader does not send an R2D postamble, or the R2D postamble sent by the Reader does not meet the characteristics required to improve the SFO calibration accuracy to 10^4 ppm (e.g., the transmission length of the R2D postamble sent by the Reader is L1' or less than L2'); or the pattern of the R2D postamble sent by the Reader is pattern1 or not pattern2, then:

[0401] The SFO calibration accuracy of Device 2 is required to reach 10^5 ppm; or the SFO calibration accuracy of Device 2 is not required to reach 10^4 ppm.

[0402] Device2 believes that the target device of the R2D transmission is not device2; or device2 abandons receiving the current R2D or PRDCH transmission.

[0403] If the Reader sends an R2D postamble, or the R2D postamble sent by the Reader satisfies the characteristics that improve its SFO calibration accuracy to 10^4 ppm, for example, the transmission length of the R2D postamble sent by the Reader is L2', and the pattern of the R2D postamble sent by the Reader is pattern2, then:

[0404] Device 2 receives the current R2D or PRDCH transmission, requiring Device 2's SFO calibration accuracy to reach 10^4 ppm.

[0405] Example 3:

[0406] Device 2 can determine the accuracy achievable by its SFO calibration based on the presence or absence of a second R2D signal or channel. For example, in an inventory or inventory + command operation communication process, the Reader configures or indicates the periodic transmission of an R2D preamble, R2D clock acquisition part, or PRDCH, and indicates the transmission period of the R2D preamble and the transmission position within that period. For Device 1 participating in the communication process of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, receiving a second R2D signal or channel is not required, nor is achieving an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^4 ppm required. For Device 2 participating in the communication process of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, receiving a second R2D signal or channel is required, and achieving an SFO calibration accuracy of 10^4 ppm is required.

[0407] This application's embodiments, through the design of scalable R2D transmission, enable different device types to meet varying SFO calibration accuracy requirements. Furthermore, the scalable R2D transmission offers flexible design and transmission, good forward compatibility, and meets the low-complexity, low-power detection requirements of different types of devices, improving resource utilization efficiency and reducing the complexity of reader-side detection.

[0408] The calibration method provided in this application can be executed by a calibration device. This application uses a calibration device executing the calibration method as an example to illustrate the calibration device provided in this application.

[0409] The message transmission method provided in this application can be executed by a message transmission device. This application uses an example of a message transmission device executing the message transmission method to illustrate the message transmission device provided in this application.

[0410] This application provides a calibration device. As an example, the calibration device may be a communication device or a component within a communication device, such as a chip. The communication device may be a terminal, a network-side device, or a server, etc. Exemplarily, the terminal may include, but is not limited to, the type of terminal 11 listed above, and the network-side device may include, but is not limited to, the type of network-side device 12 listed above. This application does not impose specific limitations.

[0411] This application provides a message transmission device. As an example, the message transmission device may be a communication device or a component within a communication device, such as a chip. The communication device may be a terminal, a network-side device, or a server, etc. Exemplarily, the terminal may include, but is not limited to, the type of terminal 11 listed above, and the network-side device may include, but is not limited to, the type of network-side device 12 listed above. This application does not impose specific limitations.

[0412] The calibration device or message transmission device includes a receiving module, a transmitting module, and a processing module. These modules can be implemented in software or hardware. When implemented in hardware, the processing module can be implemented by a processor. For example, the processor can include general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessor, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Artificial Intelligence (AI) processor, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Network Processor (NP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, gate circuits, transistors, discrete hardware components, etc. The receiving and transmitting modules can be implemented by a communication interface, which can include one or more of the following: transceiver, pins, circuits, bus, radio frequency unit, etc.

[0413] Specifically, referring to Figure 9, when the calibration device is a device or a component within a device, the calibration device 900 includes:

[0414] Processing module 901 is used to perform sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration based on at least one of reader-to-device R2D transmission, device-to-reader D2R transmission, and device type;

[0415] The R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration;

[0416] The parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

[0417] Optionally, the R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0418] First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information;

[0419] Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

[0420] Optionally, the accuracy achievable by the SFO calibration is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

[0421] Optionally, the parameters of the first R2D signal include the transmission length of the first R2D signal, and the parameters of the first R2D channel include the transmission length of the first R2D channel.

[0422] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel includes L chips, and the value of L is variable, with different values ​​of L corresponding to different SFO calibration accuracies.

[0423] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L1, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches a first value; and / or

[0424] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L2, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the second value.

[0425] Wherein, L1 is an integer less than L2, L2 is an integer greater than 1, and the first value is less than the second value.

[0426] Optionally, L1 and L2 satisfy:

[0427] The values ​​of L1 and L2 are the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; or, the values ​​of L1 and L2 are the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel needs to include, wherein the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L1 or L2 chips.

[0428] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is indicated by at least one of the following:

[0429] Second R2D signal, second R2D channel, third R2D signal, third R2D channel, fourth R2D signal, fourth R2D channel, reader, protocol specifications;

[0430] Wherein, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel;

[0431] The third R2D signal is a signal received by the device before the first R2D signal, or the third R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0432] The third R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device before the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel;

[0433] The fourth R2D signal is an R2D signal received by the device after the first R2D signal, or the fourth R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0434] The fourth R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device after the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel.

[0435] Optionally, the first R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0436] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0437] The first R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0438] Optionally, the waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is an on / off keying (OOK) waveform; or

[0439] The waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is a single-tone continuous sine wave.

[0440] Optionally, the number of chips in a symbol of the PRDCH and / or Physical Device to Reader Channel PDRCH transmitted by the device after the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is associated with the chip length in the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel.

[0441] Optionally, the parameters of the second R2D signal include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D signal, the starting position of the second R2D signal within one transmission period, and the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel within one transmission period.

[0442] The parameters of the second R2D channel include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D channel, the starting position of the second R2D channel within a transmission period, and the transmission length of the second R2D channel within a transmission period.

[0443] Optionally, the second R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0444] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0445] The second R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0446] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0447] The transmitting module is used to transmit D2R transmissions based on the calibrated SFO, the D2R transmissions including D2R signals or D2R channels.

[0448] Optionally, the parameters of the D2R transmission include at least one of the following:

[0449] Number of midambles in the middle code;

[0450] Indicator whether to transmit postamble;

[0451] Indication of D2R transmission parameters.

[0452] Optionally, the content indicated by the R2D indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0453] SFO calibration accuracy;

[0454] SFO calibration accuracy for at least one device type;

[0455] Information used to implicitly indicate the accuracy of SFO calibration.

[0456] Optionally, if the device type corresponding to the device is a first device type:

[0457] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a third value; or

[0458] The device does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value; or

[0459] The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be a third value or not less than a third value;

[0460] The third value is less than the fourth value.

[0461] Optionally, if the device type corresponding to the device is a second device type:

[0462] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach the fourth value; or

[0463] The device requires that the SFO calibration accuracy be no less than the third value; or

[0464] The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value or not less than the fourth value;

[0465] The third value is less than the fourth value.

[0466] Optionally, under the first condition, the behavior of the processing module 901 includes at least one of the following:

[0467] Detect or receive the complete first R2D signal or the first R2D channel;

[0468] Detecting or receiving a portion of the first R2D signal or a portion of the first R2D channel, wherein it is not required that the length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel to be detected or received is greater than L1, or at least it is required to detect the R2D signal or the first R2D channel of length L1, where L1 is a positive integer;

[0469] It is not required to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel;

[0470] The first condition includes at least one of the following:

[0471] The device corresponds to the first device type;

[0472] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a first value.

[0473] The device does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the second value;

[0474] The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be a first value or not less than a first value;

[0475] Wherein, the first value is less than the second value.

[0476] Optionally, under the second condition, the behavior of the processing module 901 includes at least one of the following:

[0477] Detect or receive the complete first R2D signal or the first R2D channel;

[0478] Detect or receive the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel with an L2 length or not less than the L2 length;

[0479] It is expected that the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L2;

[0480] The requirement is to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel; or, the expectation is to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel.

[0481] The second condition includes at least one of the following:

[0482] The device corresponds to the second device type;

[0483] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a second value.

[0484] The device requires that the SFO calibration accuracy be no less than a first value;

[0485] The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be a second value or not less than a second value;

[0486] Wherein, the first value is less than the second value.

[0487] Optionally, when the processing module 901 detects or receives that the SFO calibration accuracy corresponding to the transmission length of the second R2D signal or the second R2D channel is the second value, the SFO calibration accuracy of the device corresponding to the device reaches the second value.

[0488] The aforementioned calibration device can meet the SFO calibration requirements of different types of equipment, which is beneficial for extracting the communication performance between the device and the reader.

[0489] The calibration device provided in this application embodiment can implement all the processes implemented in the method embodiment of FIG6 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0490] Specifically, referring to Figure 10, when the message transmission device is a reader or a component within a reader, the message transmission device 1000 includes:

[0491] Processing module 1001 is configured to perform a first operation, the first operation including at least one of the following:

[0492] Send reader-to-device R2D transmission, the R2D transmission being used for sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration;

[0493] The receiving device transmits data via D2R to the reader / writer, and the parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

[0494] Optionally, the R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0495] First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information;

[0496] Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

[0497] Optionally, the accuracy achievable by the SFO is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

[0498] Optionally, the parameters of the first R2D signal include the transmission length of the first R2D signal, and the parameters of the first R2D channel include the transmission length of the first R2D channel.

[0499] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel includes L chips, and the value of L is variable, with different values ​​of L corresponding to different SFO calibration accuracies.

[0500] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L1, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches a first value; and / or

[0501] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L2, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the second value.

[0502] Wherein, L1 is an integer less than L2, L2 is an integer greater than 1, and the first value is less than the second value.

[0503] Optionally, L1 and L2 satisfy:

[0504] The values ​​of L1 and L2 are the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; or, the values ​​of L1 and L2 are the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel needs to include, wherein the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L1 or L2 chips.

[0505] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is indicated by at least one of the following:

[0506] Second R2D signal, second R2D channel, third R2D signal, third R2D channel, fourth R2D signal, fourth R2D channel, reader, protocol specifications;

[0507] Wherein, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel;

[0508] The third R2D signal is a signal received by the device before the first R2D signal, or the third R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0509] The third R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device before the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel;

[0510] The fourth R2D signal is an R2D signal received by the device after the first R2D signal, or the fourth R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0511] The fourth R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device after the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel.

[0512] Optionally, the first R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0513] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0514] The first R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0515] Optionally, the waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is an on / off keying (OOK) waveform; or

[0516] The waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is a single-tone continuous sine wave.

[0517] Optionally, the parameters of the second R2D signal include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D signal, the starting position of the second R2D signal within one transmission period, and the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel within one transmission period.

[0518] The parameters of the second R2D channel include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D channel, the starting position of the second R2D channel within a transmission period, and the transmission length of the second R2D channel within a transmission period.

[0519] Optionally, the second R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0520] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0521] The second R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0522] Optionally, the parameters of the D2R transmission include at least one of the following:

[0523] Number of midambles in the middle code;

[0524] Indicator whether to transmit postamble;

[0525] Indication of D2R transmission parameters.

[0526] Optionally, the content indicated by the R2D indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0527] SFO calibration accuracy;

[0528] SFO calibration accuracy for at least one device type;

[0529] Information used to implicitly indicate the accuracy of SFO calibration.

[0530] The aforementioned message transmission device can meet the SFO calibration requirements of different types of devices, which is beneficial for extracting the communication performance between the device and the reader.

[0531] The message transmission device provided in this application embodiment can implement the various processes implemented in the method embodiment of FIG7 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0532] As shown in Figure 11, this application embodiment also provides a communication device 1100, including a processor 1101 and a memory 1102. The memory 1102 stores a program or instructions that can run on the processor 1101. For example, when the communication device 1100 is a terminal, the program or instructions executed by the processor 1101 implement the various steps of the above-described calibration message or message transmission method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 1100 is a network-side device, the program or instructions executed by the processor 1101 implement the various steps of the above-described calibration message or message transmission method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, this will not be described again here.

[0533] This application also provides a device including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG12. This device embodiment corresponds to the above-described device-side method embodiment, and all implementation processes and methods of the above-described method embodiments can be applied to this device embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. The device may be the calibration device shown in FIG9. Specifically, FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a device implementing an embodiment of this application.

[0534] The device 1200 includes, but is not limited to, at least some of the following components: radio frequency unit 1201, network module 1202, audio output unit 1203, input unit 1204, sensor 1205, display unit 1206, user input unit 1207, interface unit 1208, memory 1209, and processor 1210.

[0535] Those skilled in the art will understand that device 1200 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) for powering various components. The power supply may be logically connected to processor 1210 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as managing charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system. The device structure shown in Figure 12 does not constitute a limitation on the device. The device may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be elaborated here.

[0536] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the input unit 1204 may include a graphics processor 12041 and a microphone 12042. The graphics processor 12041 processes image data of still images or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 1206 may include a display panel 12061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit 1207 includes a touch panel 12071 and at least one of other input devices 12072. The touch panel 12071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 12071 may include a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 12072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control buttons, power buttons, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be described in detail here.

[0537] In this embodiment, after receiving downlink data from the network-side device, the radio frequency unit 1201 can transmit it to the processor 1210 for processing; in addition, the radio frequency unit 1201 can send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the radio frequency unit 1201 includes, but is not limited to, antennas, amplifiers, transceivers, couplers, low-noise amplifiers, duplexers, etc.

[0538] The memory 1209 can be used to store software programs or instructions, as well as various data. The memory 1209 may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area may store the operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, the memory 1209 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 1209 in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0539] Processor 1210 may include one or more processing units; optionally, processor 1210 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations involving the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into processor 1210.

[0540] In this embodiment, the aforementioned device is used as an example for illustration:

[0541] The processor 1210 is used to perform sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration based on at least one of reader-to-device R2D transmission, device-to-reader D2R transmission, and device type.

[0542] The R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration;

[0543] The parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

[0544] Optionally, the R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0545] First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information;

[0546] Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

[0547] Optionally, the accuracy achievable by the SFO calibration is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

[0548] Optionally, the parameters of the first R2D signal include the transmission length of the first R2D signal, and the parameters of the first R2D channel include the transmission length of the first R2D channel.

[0549] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel includes L chips, and the value of L is variable, with different values ​​of L corresponding to different SFO calibration accuracies.

[0550] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L1, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches a first value; and / or

[0551] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L2, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the second value.

[0552] Wherein, L1 is an integer less than L2, L2 is an integer greater than 1, and the first value is less than the second value.

[0553] Optionally, L1 and L2 satisfy:

[0554] The values ​​of L1 and L2 are the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; or, the values ​​of L1 and L2 are the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel needs to include, wherein the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L1 or L2 chips.

[0555] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is indicated by at least one of the following:

[0556] Second R2D signal, second R2D channel, third R2D signal, third R2D channel, fourth R2D signal, fourth R2D channel, reader, protocol specifications;

[0557] Wherein, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel;

[0558] The third R2D signal is a signal received by the device before the first R2D signal, or the third R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0559] The third R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device before the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel;

[0560] The fourth R2D signal is an R2D signal received by the device after the first R2D signal, or the fourth R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0561] The fourth R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device after the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel.

[0562] Optionally, the first R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0563] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0564] The first R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0565] Optionally, the waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is an on / off keying (OOK) waveform; or

[0566] The waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is a single-tone continuous sine wave.

[0567] Optionally, the number of chips in a symbol of the PRDCH and / or Physical Device to Reader Channel PDRCH transmitted by the device after the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is associated with the chip length in the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel.

[0568] Optionally, the parameters of the second R2D signal include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D signal, the starting position of the second R2D signal within one transmission period, and the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel within one transmission period.

[0569] The parameters of the second R2D channel include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D channel, the starting position of the second R2D channel within a transmission period, and the transmission length of the second R2D channel within a transmission period.

[0570] Optionally, the second R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0571] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0572] The second R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0573] Optionally, the radio frequency unit 1201 is used to transmit D2R transmissions based on the calibrated SFO, the D2R transmissions including D2R signals or D2R channels.

[0574] Optionally, the parameters of the D2R transmission include at least one of the following:

[0575] Number of midambles in the middle code;

[0576] Indicator whether to transmit postamble;

[0577] Indication of D2R transmission parameters.

[0578] Optionally, the content indicated by the R2D indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0579] SFO calibration accuracy;

[0580] SFO calibration accuracy for at least one device type;

[0581] Information used to implicitly indicate the accuracy of SFO calibration.

[0582] Optionally, if the device type is a first device type:

[0583] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a third value; or

[0584] The device does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value; or

[0585] The equipment requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be the third value or not less than the third value;

[0586] The third value is less than the fourth value.

[0587] Optionally, if the device type is a second device type:

[0588] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach the fourth value; or

[0589] The device requires an SFO calibration accuracy of not less than the third value; or

[0590] The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value or not less than the fourth value;

[0591] The third value is less than the fourth value.

[0592] Optionally, under the first condition, the behavior of the device includes at least one of the following:

[0593] Detect or receive the complete first R2D signal or the first R2D channel;

[0594] Detecting or receiving a portion of the first R2D signal or a portion of the first R2D channel, wherein it is not required that the length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel to be detected or received is greater than L1, or at least it is required to detect the R2D signal or the first R2D channel of length L1, where L1 is a positive integer;

[0595] It is not required to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel;

[0596] The first condition includes at least one of the following:

[0597] The type of the device is the first device type;

[0598] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a first value;

[0599] The device does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the second value;

[0600] The equipment requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be a first value or not less than a first value;

[0601] Wherein, the first value is less than the second value.

[0602] Optionally, under the second condition, the behavior of the device includes at least one of the following:

[0603] Detect or receive the complete first R2D signal or the first R2D channel;

[0604] Detect or receive the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel with an L2 length or not less than the L2 length;

[0605] It is expected that the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L2;

[0606] The requirement is to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel; or, the expectation is to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel.

[0607] The second condition includes at least one of the following:

[0608] The type of the device is the second type of device;

[0609] The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a second value;

[0610] The equipment requires that the SFO calibration accuracy be no less than the first value;

[0611] The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be a second value or not less than a second value;

[0612] Wherein, the first value is less than the second value.

[0613] Optionally, if the SFO calibration accuracy corresponding to the transmission length of the second R2D signal or the second R2D channel detected or received by the device is the second value, the SFO calibration accuracy of the device reaches the second value.

[0614] The aforementioned equipment can meet the SFO calibration requirements of different types of equipment, which is beneficial for extracting the communication performance between the equipment and the reader.

[0615] It is understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the method embodiment and achieve the same or corresponding technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0616] This application also provides a reader / writer, including a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the method embodiment shown in FIG7. This reader / writer embodiment corresponds to the above-described reader / writer method embodiment. All implementation processes and methods of the above-described method embodiments can be applied to this reader / writer embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect.

[0617] Specifically, this application embodiment also provides a reader / writer, which can be the message transmission device shown in FIG10. As shown in FIG13, the reader / writer 1300 includes: an antenna 1301, a radio frequency device 1302, a baseband device 1303, a processor 1304, and a memory 1305. The antenna 1301 is connected to the radio frequency device 1302. In the uplink direction, the radio frequency device 1302 receives information through the antenna 1301 and sends the received information to the baseband device 1303 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 1303 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to the radio frequency device 1302, which processes the received information and then transmits it through the antenna 1301.

[0618] The method executed by the reader in the above embodiments can be implemented in the baseband device 1303, which includes a baseband processor.

[0619] The baseband device 1303 may include at least one baseband board, on which multiple chips are disposed, as shown in FIG13. One of the chips is, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to the memory 1305 via a bus interface to call the program in the memory 1305 to execute the network device operation shown in the above method embodiment.

[0620] The reader may also include a network interface 1306, such as a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0621] Specifically, the reader 1300 in this application embodiment further includes: instructions or programs stored in memory 1305 and executable on processor 1304. The processor 1304 calls the instructions or programs in memory 1305 to execute the methods executed by each module shown in FIG10 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0622] In this embodiment, a reader / writer is used as an example of a network-side device:

[0623] Radio frequency device 1302 is configured to perform a first operation, the first operation including at least one of the following:

[0624] Send reader-to-device R2D transmission, the R2D transmission being used for sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration;

[0625] The receiving device transmits data via D2R to the reader / writer, and the parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

[0626] Optionally, the R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0627] First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information;

[0628] Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

[0629] Optionally, the accuracy achievable by the SFO is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

[0630] Optionally, the parameters of the first R2D signal include the transmission length of the first R2D signal, and the parameters of the first R2D channel include the transmission length of the first R2D channel.

[0631] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel includes L chips, and the value of L is variable, with different values ​​of L corresponding to different SFO calibration accuracies.

[0632] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L1, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches a first value; and / or

[0633] The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L2, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the second value.

[0634] Wherein, L1 is an integer less than L2, L2 is an integer greater than 1, and the first value is less than the second value.

[0635] Optionally, L1 and L2 satisfy:

[0636] The values ​​of L1 and L2 are the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; or, the values ​​of L1 and L2 are the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel needs to include, wherein the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L1 or L2 chips.

[0637] Optionally, the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is indicated by at least one of the following:

[0638] Second R2D signal, second R2D channel, third R2D signal, third R2D channel, fourth R2D signal, fourth R2D channel, reader, protocol specifications;

[0639] Wherein, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel;

[0640] The third R2D signal is a signal received by the device before the first R2D signal, or the third R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0641] The third R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device before the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel;

[0642] The fourth R2D signal is an R2D signal received by the device after the first R2D signal, or the fourth R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal;

[0643] The fourth R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device after the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel.

[0644] Optionally, the first R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0645] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0646] The first R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0647] Optionally, the waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is an on / off keying (OOK) waveform; or

[0648] The waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is a single-tone continuous sine wave.

[0649] Optionally, the parameters of the second R2D signal include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D signal, the starting position of the second R2D signal within one transmission period, and the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel within one transmission period.

[0650] The parameters of the second R2D channel include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D channel, the starting position of the second R2D channel within a transmission period, and the transmission length of the second R2D channel within a transmission period.

[0651] Optionally, the second R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0652] R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble;

[0653] The second R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

[0654] Optionally, the parameters of the D2R transmission include at least one of the following:

[0655] Number of midambles in the middle code;

[0656] Indicator whether to transmit postamble;

[0657] Indication of D2R transmission parameters.

[0658] Optionally, the content indicated by the R2D indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0659] SFO calibration accuracy;

[0660] SFO calibration accuracy for at least one device type;

[0661] Information used to implicitly indicate the accuracy of SFO calibration.

[0662] The aforementioned reader / writer can meet the SFO calibration requirements of different types of devices, which is beneficial for extracting the communication performance between the device and the reader / writer.

[0663] It should be noted that since the reader can also be a terminal, the device shown in Figure 12 can also perform the corresponding operations in this embodiment.

[0664] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described calibration method or message transmission method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0665] The processor mentioned above is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transient readable storage medium.

[0666] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described calibration method or message transmission method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0667] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0668] This application also provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-described calibration method or message transmission method embodiments, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0669] This application also provides a wireless communication system, including: a device and a reader / writer, wherein the device can be used to perform the steps of the calibration method provided in this application embodiment, and the reader / writer can be used to perform the steps of the message transmission method provided in this application embodiment.

[0670] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0671] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of computer software products plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, they can also be implemented by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause the terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0672] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other implementations under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these implementations are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A calibration method, comprising: The device performs sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration based on at least one of reader-to-device R2D transmission, device-to-reader D2R transmission, and device type. The R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration; The parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The R2D transmission includes at least one of the following: First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information; Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The accuracy achievable by the SFO calibration is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The parameters of the first R2D signal include the transmission length of the first R2D signal, and the parameters of the first R2D channel include the transmission length of the first R2D channel. The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel includes L chips, and the value of L is variable, with different values ​​of L corresponding to different SFO calibration accuracies.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The transmission length L1 of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the first value; and / or The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L2, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the second value. Wherein, L1 is less than L2, L2 is an integer greater than 1, and the first value is less than the second value.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, L1 and L2 satisfy: The values ​​of L1 and L2 are the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; or, the values ​​of L1 and L2 are the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel needs to include, wherein the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L1 or L2 chips.

7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein, The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is indicated by at least one of the following: Second R2D signal, second R2D channel, third R2D signal, third R2D channel, fourth R2D signal, fourth R2D channel, reader, protocol specifications; Wherein, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel; The third R2D signal is a signal received by the device before the first R2D signal, or the third R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal; The third R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device before the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel; The fourth R2D signal is an R2D signal received by the device after the first R2D signal, or the fourth R2D signal is a part of the first R2D signal; The fourth R2D channel is an R2D channel received by the device after the first R2D channel, or the third R2D channel is a part of the first R2D channel.

8. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein, The first R2D signal includes at least one of the following: R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble; The first R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH); The second R2D signal includes at least one of the following: R2D timing capture signal, R2D clock capture section, R2D frequency synchronization signal, R2D post-synchronization signal or R2D postamble; The second R2D channel includes: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH).

9. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein, The waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is an on / off keying (OOK) waveform; or The waveform of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is a single-tone continuous sine wave.

10. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein, The number of chips in a symbol of the PRDCH and / or Physical Device to Reader Channel PDRCH transmitted by the device after the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is associated with the chip length in the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel.

11. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein, The parameters of the second R2D signal include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D signal, the starting position of the second R2D signal within one transmission period, and the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel within one transmission period; The parameters of the second R2D channel include at least one of the following: the transmission period of the second R2D channel, the starting position of the second R2D channel within a transmission period, and the transmission length of the second R2D channel within a transmission period.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The method further includes: The device transmits D2R transmissions based on a calibrated SFO, and the D2R transmissions include D2R signals or D2R channels.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The parameters of the D2R transmission include at least one of the following: Number of midambles in the middle code; Indicator whether to transmit postamble; Indication of D2R transmission parameters.

14. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 13, wherein, The content indicated by the R2D indication information includes at least one of the following: SFO calibration accuracy; SFO calibration accuracy for at least one device type; Information used to implicitly indicate the accuracy of SFO calibration.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein, When the device type of the device is the first device type: The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a third value; or The device does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value; or The equipment requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be the third value or not less than the third value; The third value is less than the fourth value.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, If the device type is the second device type: The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach the fourth value; or The device requires an SFO calibration accuracy of not less than the third value; or The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be the fourth value or not less than the fourth value; The third value is less than the fourth value.

17. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 16, wherein, Under the first condition, the behavior of the device includes at least one of the following: Detect or receive the complete first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; Detecting or receiving a portion of the first R2D signal or a portion of the first R2D channel, wherein it is not required that the length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel to be detected or received is greater than L1, or at least it is required to detect the R2D signal or the first R2D channel of length L1, where L1 is a positive integer. It is not required to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel; The first condition includes at least one of the following: The type of the device is the first device type; The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a first value; The device does not require the SFO calibration accuracy to be the second value; The equipment requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be a first value or not less than a first value; Wherein, the first value is less than the second value.

18. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 17, wherein, Under the second condition, the behavior of the device includes at least one of the following: Detect or receive the complete first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; Detect or receive the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel with an L2 length or not less than the L2 length; It is expected that the transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L2; The requirement is to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel; or, the expectation is to detect or receive a second R2D signal or a second R2D channel. The second condition includes at least one of the following: The type of the device is the second type of device; The device determines or expects the R2D transmission received by the device to cause the SFO calibration accuracy to reach a second value; The equipment requires that the SFO calibration accuracy be no less than the first value; The device requires or expects the SFO calibration accuracy to be a second value or not less than a second value; Wherein, the first value is less than the second value.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, When the SFO calibration accuracy corresponding to the transmission length of the second R2D signal or the second R2D channel detected or received by the device is the second value, the SFO calibration accuracy of the device reaches the second value.

20. A message transmission method, comprising: The reader performs a first operation, which includes at least one of the following: Send reader-to-device R2D transmission, the R2D transmission being used for sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration; The receiving device transmits data via D2R to the reader / writer, and the parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein, The R2D transmission includes at least one of the following: First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information; Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, The accuracy achievable by the SFO is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The parameters of the first R2D signal include the transmission length of the first R2D signal, and the parameters of the first R2D channel include the transmission length of the first R2D channel. The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel includes L chips, and the value of L is variable, with different values ​​of L corresponding to different SFO calibration accuracies.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein, The transmission length L1 of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the first value; and / or The transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is L2, which satisfies the requirement that the SFO calibration accuracy reaches the second value. Wherein, L1 is an integer less than L2, L2 is an integer greater than 1, and the first value is less than the second value.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein, L1 and L2 satisfy: The values ​​of L1 and L2 are the number of chips included in the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel; or, the values ​​of L1 and L2 are the minimum number of chips that the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel needs to include, wherein the actual transmission length of the first R2D signal or the first R2D channel is greater than or equal to L1 or L2 chips.

26. A calibration apparatus, comprising: The processing module is used to perform sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration based on at least one of reader-to-device R2D transmission, device-to-reader D2R transmission, and device type; The R2D transmission is used for SFO calibration; The parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein, The R2D transmission includes at least one of the following: First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information; Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein, The accuracy achievable by the SFO calibration is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

29. A message transmission device, comprising: A processing module is configured to perform a first operation, the first operation including at least one of the following: Send reader-to-device R2D transmission, the R2D transmission being used for sampling frequency offset (SFO) calibration; The receiving device transmits data via D2R to the reader / writer, and the parameters transmitted via D2R are used for SFO calibration.

30. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein, The R2D transmission includes at least one of the following: First R2D signal, first R2D channel, second R2D signal, second R2D channel, R2D indication information; Wherein, the first R2D signal is an aperiodic signal, the second R2D signal is a periodic signal, the first R2D channel is an aperiodic channel, and the second R2D channel is a periodic channel.

31. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein, The accuracy achievable by the SFO is determined by at least one of the following: parameters of the first R2D signal, parameters of the first R2D channel, parameters of the second R2D signal, parameters of the second R2D channel, the content indicated by the R2D indication information, parameters of the D2R transmission, and device type.

32. An apparatus comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the calibration method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19.

33. A reader / writer includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the message transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 25.

34. A readable storage medium storing a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the calibration method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, or the steps of the message transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 25.

35. A computer program product stored in a storage medium, the computer program product being executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the calibration method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, or to implement the steps of the message transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 25.

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