Fire extinguishing composition

Abstract

The present invention provides a fire extinguishing composition which has excellent flow-spreadability and foamability, and which has a small environmental impact. A fire extinguishing composition comprises (A) an alkylmonoglyceride, (B) an amphoteric surfactant, and (C) an alkylglucoside. The mass ratio ((A) / (C)) of said (A) and said (C) is 0.8 or less.

Description

Fire extinguishing composition

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing composition containing an alkyl monoglyceride, a fire extinguishing method using the fire extinguishing composition, and a method using a fire extinguishing liquid obtained by diluting the fire extinguishing composition.

[0002] Conventionally, various types of fire extinguishing agents have been proposed, including gas-based fire extinguishing agents, water-based fire extinguishing agents, powder-based fire extinguishing agents, and foam fire extinguishing agents.

[0003] For example, the gaseous fire extinguishing agent can extinguish fires by covering the burning material with non-combustible carbon dioxide or the like, while the water-based fire extinguishing agent can extinguish fires by exhibiting a high cooling effect and a penetrating effect on the burning material.

[0004] Foam fire extinguishing agents can extinguish fires through a cooling effect and a suffocating effect by covering the burning material, and are mainly used for oil fires. For example, fire extinguishing agents containing fluorine-based surfactants, hydrocarbon-based surfactants, and fluorine-based copolymer oligomers containing perfluoroalkyl groups and hydrophilic groups have been disclosed (see Patent Document 1).

[0005] Furthermore, a foam fire extinguishing agent (foam fire extinguishing agent) containing a surfactant containing an aromatic condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon and a fluorinated surfactant containing a fluorinated alkyl group, etc., has been disclosed for fires caused by liquid hazardous materials such as gasoline (see Patent Document 2).

[0006] Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-187163 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-252731

[0007] The foam fire extinguishing agent disclosed in Patent Document 1 extinguishes fires by covering the surface of a burning flammable liquid with foam, thereby suppressing the evaporation of the flammable liquid, blocking and suffocating oxygen with the foam, and cooling it down. The foam fire extinguishing agent disclosed in Patent Document 2 achieves rapid fire extinguishing by forming an aqueous film on the surface of liquid hazardous materials such as gasoline. However, while these foam fire extinguishing agents have excellent fire extinguishing capabilities, they contain so-called organofluorine compounds (PFAS), such as fluorine-containing surfactants including perfluoroalkyl groups. Because these PFAS are poorly biodegradable and highly bioaccumulative, there are concerns about their harmful effects on human health and their impact on the deterioration of the global environment. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternatives to fire extinguishing agents that primarily use PFAS.

[0008] Furthermore, while restrictions on the use of PFAS are spreading both domestically and internationally, in Europe and the United States in particular, regulations on PFAS as a whole are being strengthened, and there is a trend toward prohibiting the use of PFAS in foam fire extinguishing agents altogether.

[0009] This invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a fire extinguishing composition that, compared to conventional fire extinguishing agents, mainly consists of components other than PFAS, which is subject to increasing restrictions on use both domestically and internationally, and exhibits excellent foaming properties and flowability when extinguishing oil fires.

[0010] As a result of diligent research, the inventors have found that the above problems can be solved with the following fire extinguishing composition.

[0011] In other words, the present invention relates to the following 1. to 3. 1. A fire extinguishing composition containing (A) an alkyl monoglyceride, (B) an amphoteric surfactant, and (C) an alkyl glucoside, wherein the mass ratio of (A) to (C) ((A) / (C)) is 0.8 or less. 2. A fire extinguishing method comprising the step of using the fire extinguishing composition on a burning object. 3. A method of using the fire extinguishing liquid, wherein the fire extinguishing composition is further diluted with water to form a fire extinguishing liquid, and the water content in the fire extinguishing liquid is 90% by mass or more.

[0012] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fire extinguishing composition that has excellent flowability and foaming properties, and reduces environmental impact.

[0013] The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0014] <Fire extinguishing composition> This invention relates to a fire extinguishing composition containing (A) an alkyl monoglyceride, (B) an amphoteric surfactant, and (C) an alkyl glucoside, wherein the mass ratio of (A) to (C) ((A) / (C)) is 0.8 or less.

[0015] In this invention, "fire extinguishing composition" means "concentrated liquid" (which may contain water), and a diluted liquid obtained by further diluting the concentrated liquid with water and using it as a practical product means "fire extinguishing liquid." In this invention, "fire extinguishing properties" means properties consisting of foaming properties, flowability, oil resistance, and fire resistance. "Foaming properties" means foaming performance. "Flowability" means the ability of foam to spread on an oily surface (wettability), which is a characteristic that leads to rapid fire extinguishing. "Oil resistance" means the sustained performance of foam on an oily surface, which is a characteristic that leads to the suppression of re-ignition. "Fire resistance" means the stability of foam against flames. In addition, "formulation stability" means the ability of the formulation to maintain stable properties without solidification or separation.

[0016] [Component (A)] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention contains (A) alkyl monoglyceride (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (A)"). Component (A) is useful in obtaining a fire extinguishing composition (fire extinguishing agent) with excellent solubility in water, flowability on the surface of flammable liquids (oils), and foaming properties. The alkyl monoglyceride corresponds to a nonionic surfactant. Furthermore, it is preferable that the fire extinguishing composition has reduced surface tension and oil-water interfacial tension, thereby improving water penetration into flammable materials during a fire, improving early fire extinguishing and prevention of re-ignition, and improving fire extinguishing performance against non-polar solvents such as petroleum raw materials. Component (A) can improve flowability while maintaining foaming properties, while suppressing an increase in surface tension and oil-water interfacial tension.

[0017] The component (A) is preferably an alkyl monoglyceride with 8 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, more preferably with 8 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and even more preferably with 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, from the viewpoint of improving solubility in water, improving flowability, and improving foaming properties, and particularly from the viewpoint of foaming properties.

[0018] The aforementioned component (A) contains, from the viewpoint of improving solubility in water, improving flowability, and improving foaming properties, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 85% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more, of an alkyl monoglyceride with 8 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.

[0019] From the viewpoint of improving the solubility in water, the flowability, and the foaming properties of component (A), the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value indicating affinity for water and flammable liquids (oils) is preferably 5.0 or higher, more preferably 5.3 or higher, and even more preferably 5.5 or higher. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 8.5 or lower, more preferably 8.0 or lower, and even more preferably 7.8 or lower.

[0020] The HLB value of component (A) is determined by Griffin's formula shown below: HLB = 20 × (1 - S / A) where S is the saponification value of the ester (the alkyl monoglyceride) and A is the acid value of the fatty acid constituting the alkyl monoglyceride.

[0021] Furthermore, if the component (A) contains multiple alkyl monoglycerides, the HLB value of component (A) shall be calculated by multiplying the content ratio (mass) of each alkyl monoglyceride by the HLB value of each alkyl monoglyceride, and then dividing the sum of these products by the total content (mass) of each alkyl monoglyceride (weighted average).

[0022] Examples of component (A) include caprylic acid monoglyceride (alkyl group carbon number: 8, HLB value: 7.2), capric acid monoglyceride (alkyl group carbon number: 10, HLB value: 6.5), and lauric acid monoglyceride (alkyl group carbon number: 12, HLB value: 5.3). Among these, caprylic acid monoglyceride (alkyl group carbon number: 8, HLB value: 7.2) is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of improving solubility in water, improving flowability, and improving foaming properties. Examples of commercially available products include "Sunsoft 700P-2-C", "Sunsoft 750C", and "Sunsoft 760C" manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku.

[0023] From the viewpoint of improving solubility in water, improving flowability, and improving foaming properties, the content of component (A) in the fire extinguishing composition is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.2% by mass or more. Also, from the same viewpoint, the content of component (A) is preferably 3.0% by mass or less, more preferably 2.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1.0% by mass or less.

[0024] [Component (B)] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention contains (B) an amphoteric surfactant (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (B)"). The said component (B) is useful because it can produce a fire extinguishing composition (fire extinguishing agent) with excellent foaming properties.

[0025] Examples of component (B) include alkyl or alkenyl betaine type surfactants, alkyl or alkenylamide betaine type surfactants, alkyl or alkenyl sulfobetaine type surfactants, alkyl or alkenylamide sulfobetaine type surfactants, imidazoline type surfactants, amino acid type surfactants, and amine oxide type compounds. Furthermore, the fire extinguishing composition (fire extinguishing agent) of the present invention is useful as a foam fire extinguishing composition (foam fire extinguishing agent) by containing component (B), which contributes to foaming, in addition to component (A).

[0026] The aforementioned component (B) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of alkylamidopropyl betaine, dimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, hydroxysulfobetaine, amine oxide, and carboxymethylhydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of laurylamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, and lauryl hydroxysulfobetaine. Examples of commercially available products include Kao's "Anhitoll® 20AB" and "Anhitoll® 20HD".

[0027] From the viewpoint of improving foaming properties, the content of component (B) in the fire extinguishing composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 1.0% by mass or more. Also, from the same viewpoint, the content of component (B) is preferably 10.0% by mass or less, more preferably 8.5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 7.0% by mass or less.

[0028] The mass ratio ((A) / (B)) of (A) to (B) is preferably 0.5 or less, more preferably 0.4 or less, and even more preferably 0.3 or less, from the viewpoint of improving flowability and foaming ability. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.07 or more, and even more preferably 0.08 or more.

[0029] [Component (C)] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention contains (C) alkyl glucoside (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (C)"). The (C) component is useful in obtaining a fire extinguishing composition (fire extinguishing agent) with excellent foaming properties and oil resistance. The alkyl glucoside corresponds to a nonionic surfactant, and the alkyl glucoside is a concept that includes not only alkyl monoglucosides but also alkyl polyglucosides, and consists of a mixture of different glucose condensation degrees.

[0030] The aforementioned component (C) includes, for example, decyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside. These can be present individually or in combination of two or more. Examples of commercially available products include Kao's "MyDoll® 12" and "MyDoll® 10".

[0031] The content of component (C) is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, in the fire extinguishing composition from the viewpoint of improving foaming properties and oil resistance. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in surface tension and oil-water interface tension, it is preferably 10.0% by mass or less, more preferably 8.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 6% by mass or less.

[0032] The mass ratio ((A) / (C)) of (A) to (C) is 0.8 or less, preferably 0.5 or less, and more preferably 0.3 or less, from the viewpoint of achieving both foaming properties and flowability, and improving oil resistance. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.02 or more, and even more preferably 0.03 or more.

[0033] [Component (D)] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention may contain a nonionic surfactant (D) other than (A) and (C) above (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (D)"). Component (D) is useful in obtaining a fire extinguishing composition (fire extinguishing agent) with excellent flowability and oil resistance.

[0034] The aforementioned component (D) includes, for example, acetylene glycol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, specifically polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyethylene lauryl ether, etc. These can be used individually or in combination of two or more. Commercially available products include Kao's "Leodol® TW-L120" and "Emulgen® 150".

[0035] Also, from the viewpoint of improving oil resistance, the average number of moles of ethylene oxide (EO) added to the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester and the polyethylene lauryl ether is preferably 5 to 200 moles, more preferably 10 to 100 moles.

[0036] From the viewpoints of improving fluid spreading property and oil resistance, the content of the component (D) in the fire extinguishing composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more. Also, from the same viewpoints, it is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less.

[0037] From the viewpoint of improving foaming property, the mass ratio of the component (A) to the total of the components (A), (C), and (D) ((A) / ((A)+(C)+(D))) is preferably 0.3 or less, more preferably 0.28 or less, still more preferably 0.26 or less. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.02 or more.

[0038] [Component (E)] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention can contain an (E) anionic surfactant (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (E)"). The component (E) is useful as it can provide a fire extinguishing composition (fire extinguishing agent) having excellent fire resistance.

[0039] The (E) component is, for example, a fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as sodium laurate, potassium palmitate, arginine stearate or a salt thereof; an alkyl sulfate ester having 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate or a salt thereof; an alkyl ether sulfate ester having 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as triethanolamine polyoxyethylene lauryl sulfate or a salt thereof; an N-acyl sarcosine having 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as sodium lauroyl sarcosine or a salt thereof; an alkyl phosphate having 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as sodium monostearyl phosphate or a salt thereof; a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate having 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as sodium polyoxyethylene oleyl ether phosphate, sodium polyoxyethylene stearyl ether phosphate or a salt thereof; a dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms such as sodium di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate or a salt thereof; an N-alkyloyl methyl taurine having 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as sodium N-stearoyl-N-methyl taurine or a salt thereof; an N-acyl glutamic acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as sodium dilauroyl glutamate, sodium N-lauroyl glutamate monosodium salt, sodium N-stearoyl-L-glutamate, arginine N-stearoyl-L-glutamate, sodium N-stearoyl glutamate, sodium N-myristoyl-L-glutamate or a salt thereof, etc., and is at least one selected from the group consisting of, preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl sulfate ester having 12 to 22 carbon atoms or a salt thereof, and an alkyl ether sulfate ester having 12 to 22 carbon atoms or a salt thereof. These can be contained singly or in combination of two or more. Further, commercially available products include "Emal (registered trademark) 2F Paste", "Emal (registered trademark) 20T" manufactured by Kao Corporation, etc.

[0040] From the viewpoint of improving fire resistance, the content of the (E) component in the fire extinguishing composition is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more.

[0041] Furthermore, when the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention contains (E) an anionic surfactant, from the viewpoint of improving fire resistance and foaming ability, the mass ratio ((E) / (B)) of (E) to (B) is preferably 5 or less, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.

[0042] [Component (F)] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention may contain (F) an aliphatic alcohol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (F)"). The said (F) component is useful in obtaining a fire extinguishing composition (fire extinguishing agent) with excellent fire resistance.

[0043] The aforementioned component (F) may be, for example, a linear or branched aliphatic alcohol, and either saturated or unsaturated, and its carbon number is preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, and even more preferably 12 or more, from the viewpoint of improving fire resistance. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 18 or less, more preferably 16 or less, and even more preferably 14 or less. These aliphatic alcohols may be present individually or in combination of two or more. In this invention, the aliphatic alcohol of component (F) is a monohydric alcohol.

[0044] The aforementioned component (F) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of octyl alcohol, decyl alcohol (caprine alcohol), lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and stearyl alcohol, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of lauryl alcohol and myristyl alcohol, from the viewpoint of improving fire resistance. Examples of commercially available aliphatic alcohols include Kao's "Calcol® 2098" and "Calcol® 4098".

[0045] From the viewpoint of improving fire resistance, the content of component (F) in the fire extinguishing composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.5% by mass or more. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 7.0% by mass or less, more preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 3.0% by mass or less.

[0046] [Component (G)] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention may contain (G) a non-aqueous solvent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (G)"), excluding (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F). Component (G) is useful in obtaining a fire extinguishing composition (fire extinguishing agent) with excellent formulation stability.

[0047] The aforementioned component (G) is a non-aqueous solvent other than those described in (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F), and examples include polyols and alkylene glycol ethers that are liquid at 20°C. More specifically, examples include divalent or trivalent alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and glycerin; polyalkylene glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol; monoalkyl ethers of mono or polyalkylene glycols such as diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl carbitol), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether. These can contain any one of them individually, or two or more of them.

[0048] The above (G) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl carbitol), triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and glycerin, from the viewpoint of improving formulation stability. Examples of commercially available products include "Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether" manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries and "Purified Glycerin" manufactured by Kao Corporation.

[0049] From the viewpoint of improving formulation stability, the content of component (G) in the fire extinguishing composition is preferably 5.0% by mass or more, more preferably 20.0% by mass or more, and even more preferably 30.0% by mass or more. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 80.0% by mass or less, more preferably 65.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 50.0% by mass or less.

[0050] [Component (H)] In addition to the above-mentioned component (A), the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention may further contain (H) polysaccharides (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (H)"). The inclusion of component (H) in the fire extinguishing composition can improve its fire resistance, which is preferable.

[0051] The (H) component is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum, gellan gum, mannan gum, dieutan gum, carrageenan, starch, agar, pectin, alginic acid, and cellulose derivatives, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum and guar gum.

[0052] From the viewpoint of improving fire resistance, the content of component (H) in the fire extinguishing composition is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more.

[0053] Furthermore, when the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention contains component (H), from the viewpoint of improving fire resistance, the mass ratio ((H) / (B)) of component (H) to (B) is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less, and even more preferably 1 or less.

[0054] From the viewpoint of reducing environmental impact, the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention preferably contains 0.1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or less, and even more preferably substantially no organic fluorine compounds (PFAS). By reducing the amount of PFAS used, and even by eliminating PFAS altogether, the fire extinguishing composition can be made an environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent, which is useful. In this invention, the absence of PFAS means that it is intentionally omitted as a raw material component included in the fire extinguishing composition, and does not exclude the presence of PFAS that is inevitably mixed in. Furthermore, seawater may contain compounds containing fluorine, and the amount of fluorine compounds present in seawater is acceptable.

[0055] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing environmental impact, if the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention contains an organofluorine compound, the mass ratio of the organofluorine compound to (B) (organofluorine compound / (B)) is preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.01 or less.

[0056] [Water] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention may further contain water in addition to the above-mentioned component (A). The inclusion of water in the fire extinguishing composition is preferable because it makes the components more easily soluble in the formulation. The fire extinguishing composition that uses water here refers to a concentrated liquid (undiluted liquid).

[0057] Furthermore, the water can be tap water, distilled water, or deionized water, and from the viewpoint of improving the stability of the formulation, distilled water and deionized water are preferred.

[0058] From the viewpoint of improving formulation stability, the water content in the fire extinguishing composition (concentrated liquid) is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and from the same viewpoint, preferably 98% by mass or less, more preferably 96% by mass or less.

[0059] [Other Components] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention may use components other than (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), and water without particular limitation, as long as they do not impair the properties of the present invention. For example, neutralizing agents, rust inhibitors, etc., can be used.

[0060] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving foaming properties, it is preferable that the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention does not contain inorganic powders, silicone components, metal soaps, carbonates, etc.

[0061] The diluted solution (fire extinguishing liquid) obtained by diluting the fire extinguishing composition (concentrated liquid) has a total concentration of (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), and (H) that is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of improving flowability and foaming properties. Also, from the same viewpoint, it is preferably 4.0% by mass or less, more preferably 2.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1.0% by mass or less.

[0062] <Fire Extinguishing Method> The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing method that includes the step of using the fire extinguishing composition on a burning object. The fire extinguishing method is useful because, by using the fire extinguishing composition whose main component is a component other than PFAS, which is subject to increasing restrictions on use both domestically and internationally, it can reduce concerns about harmful effects on the human body and its impact on the deterioration of the global environment, and it can provide a fire extinguishing method with excellent foaming properties and fluid spreadability when extinguishing oil fires. In particular, the fire extinguishing composition is useful because it can be used as a foam fire extinguishing composition.

[0063] <Method of Use> The present invention relates to a method of using a fire extinguishing liquid obtained by further diluting the fire extinguishing composition with water, wherein the water content in the fire extinguishing liquid is 90% by mass or more. When extinguishing a fire using the fire extinguishing composition (concentrated liquid) on an actual burning object, a diluted solution obtained by diluting the fire extinguishing composition (concentrated liquid) can be used as the fire extinguishing liquid. In addition to water, seawater can also be used for dilution. When using the fire extinguishing method in an actual oil fire, the fire extinguishing liquid obtained by diluting the fire extinguishing composition (concentrated liquid) with water or the like is supplied to the burning object (combustible material) in the form of foam using a foaming device (foam water cannon, nozzle, etc.), for example, by the cooling effect and the suffocation effect by covering the burning material, and is mainly used in the case of oil fires.

[0064] The water content in the fire extinguishing liquid is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 92% by mass or more, and even more preferably 94% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of improving foaming ability, and from the same viewpoint, preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 98% by mass or less, and even more preferably 96% by mass or less.

[0065] <Applications> The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention is useful for extinguishing fires such as oil fires because it has excellent flowability and foaming properties. In particular, the fire extinguishing composition with foaming properties can be used as a foam fire extinguishing composition (foam fire extinguishing agent) and is useful.

[0066] In addition to the embodiments described above, the present invention discloses the following: <1> A fire extinguishing composition comprising (A) an alkyl monoglyceride, (B) an amphoteric surfactant, and (C) an alkyl glucoside, wherein the mass ratio of (A) to (C) ((A) / (C)) is 0.8 or less. <2> The fire extinguishing composition according to <1>, wherein component (A) is preferably an alkyl monoglyceride with an alkyl group having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 8 carbon atoms. <3> The fire extinguishing composition according to <1> or <2>, wherein component (A) contains preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 85% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more of an alkyl monoglyceride with an alkyl group having 8 to 10 carbon atoms. <4> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of component (A) is preferably 5.0 or higher, more preferably 5.3 or higher, even more preferably 5.5 or higher, and preferably 8.5 or lower, more preferably 8.0 or lower, and even more preferably 7.8 or lower. <5> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein component (A) is caprylic acid monoglyceride (number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group: 8, HLB value: 7.2), capric acid monoglyceride (number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group: 10, HLB value: 6.5), and lauric acid monoglyceride (number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group: 12, HLB value: 5.3). <6> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein the content of component (A) is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, even more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and preferably 3.0% by mass or less, more preferably 2.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1.0% by mass or less in the fire extinguishing composition. <7> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <6>, wherein component (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkyl or alkenyl betaine type surfactant, alkyl or alkenylamide betaine type surfactant, alkyl or alkenyl sulfobetaine type surfactant, alkyl or alkenylamide sulfobetaine type surfactant, imidazoline type surfactant, amino acid type surfactant, and amine oxide type compound.<8> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein the component (B) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of alkylamidopropyl betaine, dimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, hydroxysulfobetaine, amine oxide, and carboxymethylhydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of laurylamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, and laurylhydroxysulfobetaine. <9> The content of the component (B) in the fire extinguishing composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 1.0% by mass or more. Also, from a similar viewpoint, the fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <8>, wherein the content of the component (B) is preferably 10.0% by mass or less, more preferably 8.5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 7.0% by mass or less. <10> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <9>, wherein the mass ratio ((A) / (B)) of (A) to (B) is preferably 0.5 or less, more preferably 0.4 or less, even more preferably 0.3 or less, preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.07 or more, and even more preferably 0.08 or more. <11> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <10>, wherein the component (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of decyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside. <12> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <11>, wherein the content of the component (C) is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, preferably 10.0% by mass or less, more preferably 8.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 6% by mass or less. <13> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <12>, wherein the mass ratio ((A) / (C)) of (A) to (C) is 0.8 or less, preferably 0.5 or less, more preferably 0.3 or less, and from the same viewpoint, preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.02 or more, and even more preferably 0.03 or more.<14> A fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <13>, comprising a nonionic surfactant (D) other than (A) and (C), wherein component (D) is at least one selected from the group consisting of acetylene glycol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, and polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether. <15> A fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <14>, wherein component (D) is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and polyethylene lauryl ether. <16> A fire extinguishing composition according to <14>, wherein the average number of moles of ethylene oxide (EO) added to the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester is preferably 5 to 200 moles, more preferably 10 to 100 moles. <17> A fire extinguishing composition according to <15>, wherein the average number of moles of ethylene oxide (EO) added to the polyethylene lauryl ether is preferably 5 to 200 moles, more preferably 10 to 100 moles. <18> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <14> to <17>, wherein the content of component (D) in the fire extinguishing composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, preferably 15% by mass or less, and more preferably 10% by mass or less. <19> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <14> to <18>, wherein the mass ratio of (A) to the sum of (A), (C), and (D) ((A) / ((A)+(C)+(D)) is preferably 0.3 or less, more preferably 0.28 or less, even more preferably 0.26 or less, and preferably 0.01 or more, and more preferably 0.02 or more.<20> (E) Contains an anionic surfactant, wherein component (E) is preferably a C12-C22 fatty acid or salt thereof such as sodium laurate, potassium palmitate, arginine stearate; a C12-C22 alkyl sulfate ester or salt thereof such as sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate; a C12-C22 alkyl ether sulfate ester or salt thereof such as polyoxyethylene lauryl sulfate triethanolamine; an N-C12-C22 acyl sarcosine or salt thereof such as sodium lauroyl sarcosinate; a C12-C22 alkyl phosphate or salt thereof such as sodium monostearyl phosphate; a polyoxyethylene C12-C22 alkyl ether phosphate or salt thereof such as sodium polyoxyethylene oleyl ether phosphate, sodium polyoxyethylene stearyl ether phosphate; di-2-ethylhexyl sulfo A fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <19>, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, such as sodium stearoyl-N-methyltaurate, or a salt thereof; N-alkylylmethyltaurate having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as sodium N-stearoyl-N-methyltaurate, or a salt thereof; acyl glutamic acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as sodium dilauroyl glutamate, monosodium N-lauroyl glutamate, sodium N-stearoyl-L-glutamate, arginine N-stearoyl-L-glutamate, sodium N-stearoyl glutamate, sodium N-myristoyl-L-glutamate, or a salt thereof; more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfate esters having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof; and alkyl ether sulfate esters having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof. <21> The fire extinguishing composition according to <20>, wherein the content of component (E) is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more in the fire extinguishing composition. <22> The fire extinguishing composition according to <20> or <21>, wherein, when component (E) is included, the mass ratio ((E) / (B)) of (E) to (B) is preferably 5 or less, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.<23> A fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <22>, wherein (F) contains an aliphatic alcohol, and the (F) component is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of octyl alcohol, decyl alcohol (caprin alcohol), lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and stearyl alcohol, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of lauryl alcohol and myristyl alcohol. <24> A fire extinguishing composition according to <23>, wherein the content of the (F) component is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, even more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and preferably 7.0% by mass or less, more preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 3.0% by mass or less in the fire extinguishing composition. <25> (G) contains a non-aqueous solvent, excluding (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F), wherein component (G) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid polyols at 20°C and alkylene glycol ethers, more preferably divalent or trivalent alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and glycerin, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol. A fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <24>, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl carbitol), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, or monoalkyl ether of polyalkylene glycol.<26> The fire extinguishing composition according to <25>, wherein (G) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl carbitol), triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and glycerin. <27> The fire extinguishing composition according to <25> or <26>, wherein the content of component (G) is preferably 5.0% by mass or more, more preferably 20.0% by mass or more, even more preferably 30.0% by mass or more, and preferably 80.0% by mass or less, more preferably 65.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 50.0% by mass or less in the fire extinguishing composition. <28> A fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <27>, wherein the (H) component contains a polysaccharide, and the (H) component is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum, gellan gum, mannan gum, dieutan gum, carrageenan, starch, agar, pectin, alginic acid, and cellulose derivatives, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum and guar gum. <29> A fire extinguishing composition according to <28>, wherein the content of the (H) component is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, and preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.05% by mass or more in the fire extinguishing composition. <30> A fire extinguishing composition according to <28> or <29>, wherein, when the (H) component is contained, the mass ratio ((H) / (B)) of the (H) component to the (B) is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less, and even more preferably 1 or less. <31> The fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <30>, wherein the content of the organofluorine compound (PFAS) is preferably 0.1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or less, and even more preferably substantially absent. <32> The fire extinguishing composition according to <31>, wherein, if the organofluorine compound is contained, the mass ratio of the organofluorine compound to (B) (organofluorine compound / (B)) is preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.01 or less.<33> A fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <32>, wherein the water content is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and preferably 98% by mass or less, and more preferably 96% by mass or less in the fire extinguishing composition. <34> A method of using a fire extinguishing liquid obtained by further diluting the fire extinguishing composition according to any one of <1> to <33> with water, wherein the water content in the fire extinguishing liquid is 90% by mass or more. <35> A method of using a fire extinguishing liquid according to <34>, wherein in addition to water, seawater is used for the dilution. <36> A method of using a fire extinguishing liquid according to <34>, wherein the water content in the fire extinguishing liquid is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 92% by mass or more, even more preferably 94% by mass or more, and preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 98% by mass or less, and even more preferably 96% by mass or less.

[0067] The present invention will be described in detail below based on examples.

[0068] (Example 1) A fire extinguishing composition was prepared by mixing components (A) to (D) and water in the proportions shown in Table 1, and this was used as a concentrated liquid (undiluted solution). Artificial seawater (MgCl) was added to this mixture. ２ 6H ２ O: 1.10% by mass, CaCl ２ ・2H ２ O: 0.16% by mass, NaCl: 2.50% by mass, Na ２ SO ４ A diluted solution (fire extinguishing solution) was prepared by adding (0.40% by mass of concentrated solution and 95.84% by mass of deionized water) to the concentrated solution (stock solution):artificial seawater = 3:97 (by mass ratio), and this was used as the test solution. The concentrated solution (stock solution) was prepared by placing each component in a beaker and stirring at 20°C until each component was uniformly dissolved. The test solution was prepared by placing the concentrated solution (stock solution) and artificial seawater in a beaker and stirring at 20°C. The stirring and mixing was performed using a general mixer such as an agitator or stirrer.

[0069] (Examples 2-18 and Comparative Examples 1-2) Using the same procedure as in Example 1, concentrates (stock solutions) were prepared using components (A) to (G) and water, based on the respective formulations listed in Tables 1 and 2. Test solutions were then prepared and evaluated using each of the obtained concentrates (stock solutions).

[0070] The following provides detailed information on components (A) through (G), and water. Note that the formulations (proportions) of the concentrated solutions listed in Tables 1 and 2 are calculated based on the active ingredient concentration converted to 100%. [(A) Ingredients] ・Caprylic acid monoglyceride (number of carbon atoms in alkyl group: 8, HLB value: 7.2) (Manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku, product name: Sunsoft 700P-2-C, active ingredient concentration: 100%) ・Capric acid monoglyceride (number of carbon atoms in alkyl group: 10, HLB value: 6.5) (Manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku, product name: Sunsoft 760C, active ingredient concentration: 100%) ・Lauric acid monoglyceride (number of carbon atoms in alkyl group: 12, HLB value: 5.3) (Manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku, product name: Sunsoft 750C, active ingredient concentration: 100%) [(B) Ingredients] ・Lauryl amidopropyl betaine (Manufactured by Kao, product name: Anhitoll® 20AB, active ingredient concentration: 30%) [(C) Ingredients] ・Lauryl glucoside (Manufactured by Kao, product name: Mydol® 12, active ingredient concentration: 40%) [(D) Ingredients] - Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (average number of moles of ethylene oxide (EO) added: 20) (Manufactured by Kao Corporation, product name: Leodol® TW-L120, active ingredient concentration: 100%) - Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (average number of moles of ethylene oxide (EO) added: 47) (Manufactured by Kao Corporation, product name: Emulgen® 150, active ingredient concentration: 100%) [(E) ingredient] - Sodium lauryl sulfate (Manufactured by Kao Corporation, product name: Emal® 2F paste, active ingredient concentration: 30%) [(F) ingredient] - Lauryl alcohol (Manufactured by Kao Corporation, product name: Calcol® 2098, active ingredient concentration: 100%) [(G) ingredient] - Butyl carbitol (Manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, active ingredient concentration: 100%) - Glycerin (Manufactured by Kao Corporation, active ingredient concentration: 100%) [Water] - Ion-exchanged water (prepared using Organo G-10 cartridge water purifier)

[0071] For Example 1 and the like, the evaluation results of the fluid spreading property and the foaming property shown below are presented in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0072] [Fluid Spreading Property (Bubble Wettability, Wetted Spreading Area)] Put 3 mL of the test solution into a centrifuge tube (15 mL, manufactured by IWAKI), and shake it up and down 30 times by hand to generate bubbles. Put 100 mL of cyclohexane into a metal tray (200 mm in length, 100 mm in width, 30 mm in depth). On the surface of the cyclohexane, use a pipetteman to take out 0.5 mL of the bubbles near the liquid surface of the test solution after shaking, and drop it onto the surface of the cyclohexane. Measure the diameter of the spread bubbles immediately after dropping with a caliper. Assuming the bubbles are circular, calculate the covering area (mm ２ ) of the bubbles from the diameter, and evaluate the fluid spreading property. The evaluation is performed 4 times in total, and the average value is used for the evaluation of the fluid spreading property. Bubble covering area (mm ２ ) = Pi × (diameter (mm) / 2) ２

[0073] From the perspective of improving the fluid spreading property, the bubble covering area is at least when using a fire extinguishing liquid obtained by diluting a fire extinguishing composition (concentrate) containing at least Component (A) to Component (C) and water (and in some cases, Component (D)) (for example, see Table 1), preferably 310 mm ２ or more, more preferably 315 mm ２ or more, still more preferably 320 mm ２ or more. Also, from the same perspective, when using a fire extinguishing liquid obtained by diluting a fire extinguishing composition (concentrate) containing at least Component (A) to Component (C) and water, and in addition, Component (F) from the perspective of improving fire resistance and Component (G) from the perspective of formulation stability (and in some cases, Component (D) and / or Component (E)) (for example, see Table 2), preferably 280 mm ２ or more, more preferably 285 mm ２ or more, still more preferably 290 mm ２ or more. Also, although the effect of the fluid spreading property decreases compared to the case where Component (F) is not used, the fluid spreading property can still be improved even when Component (F) is used.

[0074] [Foaming ability] Place 10 mL of the test solution into a centrifuge tube (50 mL, diameter: 29 mm, manufactured by IWAKI Corporation) and shake it up and down by hand about 30 cm 10 times to create foam. Read the scale (amount of foam) (mL) reached by the foam and evaluate the foaming ability. Perform the evaluation a total of three times, and use the average value for the evaluation of foaming ability.

[0075] From the viewpoint of improving foaming ability, the amount of foam is preferably 25 mL or more, more preferably 30 mL or more, and even more preferably 35 mL or more.

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] From the evaluation results in Tables 1 and 2 above, it was confirmed that all examples exhibited excellent flowability and foaming properties.

[0079] On the other hand, as shown in the evaluation results in Table 1 above, it was confirmed that in Comparative Example 1, because component (A) was not included, the flowability was inferior to that of Examples 1 to 12, and all properties could not be satisfied simultaneously. Similarly, in Comparative Example 2, because component (A) was not included, it was confirmed that the flowability was inferior to that of Examples 13 to 18, and all properties could not be satisfied simultaneously.

[0080] The fire-extinguishing composition of the present invention has excellent fluidity and foaming properties, and is particularly useful in oil fires and other similar situations.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing composition comprising (A) an alkyl monoglyceride, (B) an amphoteric surfactant, and (C) an alkyl glucoside, wherein the mass ratio of (A) to (C) ((A) / (C)) is 0.8 or less.

2. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein, if the fire extinguishing composition contains an organofluorine compound, the mass ratio of the organofluorine compound to (B) (organofluorine compound / (B)) is 0.1 or less.

3. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein (A) contains 80% by mass or more of an alkyl monoglyceride with an alkyl group having 8 to 12 carbon atoms.

4. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, comprising (D) a nonionic surfactant, excluding (A) and (C) above.

5. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of (A) to the sum of (A), (C), and (D) ((A) / ((A) + (C) + (D)) is 0.3 or less.

6. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio ((A) / (B)) of (A) to (B) is 0.5 or less.

7. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, comprising (E) an anionic surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of (E) to (B) ((E) / (B)) is 5 or less.

8. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of amidopropyl betaine, dimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, hydroxysulfobetaine, amine oxide, and carboxymethylhydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine.

9. (F) The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, which contains an aliphatic alcohol.

10. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 9, comprising (G) a non-aqueous solvent, excluding (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F).

11. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 10, wherein component (G) is at least one selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and glycerin.

12. A fire-extinguishing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which contains water.

13. A fire extinguishing method comprising the step of using the fire extinguishing composition described in claim 12 on a burning object.

14. A method of using a fire extinguishing liquid, wherein the fire extinguishing composition described in claim 12 is further diluted with water to obtain a fire extinguishing liquid, and the water content in the fire extinguishing liquid is 90% by mass or more.

Images