Terminal and wireless communication method

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives one or more beams among beams of one or more serving cells and beams of one or more candidate cells; and a control unit that executes a lower layer and a higher layer. The lower layer provides, to the higher layer, an indication including at least one of a measurement result for the one or more beams, an index for the one or more beams, an event ID, and a report configuration ID. The higher layer controls transmission of a report for the one or more beams on the basis of the indication.

Description

Terminals and wireless communication methods

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals and wireless communication methods in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR, Rel. 19 and later), support for event-based beam reporting (or possibly called event-triggered beam reporting / UE-initiated Beam Report (UEIBR)) initiated by a terminal (user terminal, user equipment (UE)) is being considered.

[0006] Such beam reporting is being considered for support in MIMO / mobility from Rel. 19 onwards.

[0007] However, there are cases where such beam reporting is not adequately considered. If this consideration is insufficient, it may not be possible to achieve lower latency communication, potentially hindering improvements in communication quality and throughput.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal and wireless communication method that can improve communication quality / throughput.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives one or more beams from among the beams of one or more serving cells and the beams of one or more candidate cells, and a control unit that performs lower layers and upper layers, wherein the lower layer provides the upper layer with instructions including measurement results for the one or more beams, an index for the one or more beams, an event ID, and a report setting ID, and the upper layer controls the transmission of reports for the one or more beams based on the instructions.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, communication quality / throughput can be improved.

[0011] Figure 1A shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 17. Figure 1B shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 18. Figures 2A and 2B show an example of instruction timing. Figures 3A to 3C show examples 1 to 3 of option 2-1 of embodiment #1, respectively. Figures 4A to 4C show examples 1 to 3 of option 2-2 of embodiment #1, respectively. Figures 5A to 5C show examples 1 to 3 of option 2-4 of embodiment #1, respectively. Figures 6A to 6C show an example of embodiment #2. Figure 7 shows an example of the schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 10 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 11 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0012] (L1 / L2 Inter-Cell Mobility) A UE may perform UL transmissions to one or more cells / TRPs. In this case, the following Scenario 1 or Scenario 2 procedures are possible. In this disclosure, a serving cell may be interpreted as a TRP within a serving cell. Layer 1 / layer 2 (L1 / L2) and DCI / Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC CE) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, a PCI different from the Physical Cell Identity (PCI) of the current serving cell may be simply referred to as a "different PCI". Non-serving cells, cells with different PCIs, and additional cells may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0013] <Scenario 1> Scenario 1 is, for example, a scenario that corresponds to inter-cell mobility in a multi-TRP, but it may also be a scenario that does not correspond to inter-cell mobility in a multi-TRP.

[0014] (1) The UE receives from the serving cell the SSB settings for beam measurement of the TRP corresponding to a PCI different from that of the serving cell, and the settings necessary to use wireless resources for data transmission and reception, including the resources of the different PCI. (2) The UE performs beam measurement of the TRP corresponding to the different PCI and reports the beam measurement results to the serving cell. (3) Based on the above report, the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) status associated with the TRP corresponding to the different PCI is activated by L1 / L2 signaling from the serving cell. (4) The UE transmits and receives using a dedicated channel on the TRP corresponding to the different PCI. (5) The UE must always cover the serving cell, including in the case of multiple TRPs. The UE must use a common channel from the serving cell (Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Channel (PCH)), etc., as in conventional systems.

[0015] In Scenario 1, when the UE sends and receives signals with the additional cell / TRP (the TRP corresponding to the PCI of the additional cell), the serving cell (the UE's assumption of the serving cell) remains unchanged. The UE sets higher-layer parameters related to the PCI of the non-serving cell from the serving cell. Scenario 1 may be applied, for example, in Rel. 17.

[0016] Figure 1A shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 17. It assumes a UE moving from a PCI#1 cell (serving cell) to a PCI#3 cell (additional cell) (overlapping with the serving cell). In this case, Rel. 17 does not support L1 / L2 switching of serving cells.

[0017] An additional cell is a cell having an additional PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell. The UE can receive / transmit a UE-dedicated channel from the additional cell. The UE needs to be within the coverage of the serving cell to receive UE common channels (e.g., system information / paging / short message). When the UE moves outside the coverage of the serving cell, cell switching is required, such as handover (also called L3 mobility).

[0018] <Scenario 2> In Scenario 2, L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility is applied. With L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility, serving cell change can be achieved using functions such as beam control without RRC reconfiguration. In other words, transmission and reception with the additional cell are possible without handover. Since a data communication interruption period occurs, such as RRC reconnection being required for handover, by applying L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility that does not require handover, data communication can be continued even when the serving cell is changed. Scenario 2 may be applied, for example, in Rel. 18. In Scenario 2, for example, the following procedures are performed.

[0019] (1) The UE receives the configuration of the SSB of a cell (additional cell) with a different PCI from the serving cell for beam measurement / change of the serving cell. (2) The UE performs beam measurement on the cell using a different PCI and reports the measurement result to the serving cell. (3) The UE may receive the configuration (serving cell configuration) of the cell with a different PCI by upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC). That is, prior configuration regarding serving cell change may be performed. This configuration may be performed together with the configuration in (1) or separately. (4) Based on the above report, the TCI state of the cell with a different PCI may be activated by L1 / L2 signaling according to the change of the serving cell. The activation of the TCI state and the change of the serving cell may be performed separately. (5) The UE changes the serving cell (the assumed serving cell) and starts reception / transmission using the pre-configured UE-specific channel and TCI state.

[0020] That is, in Scenario 2, the serving cell (assuming the serving cell in the UE) is updated by L1 / L2 signaling. Scenario 2 may be applied in Rel. 18.

[0021] FIG. 1B is a diagram showing an example of UE movement in Rel. 18. In Rel. 18, the serving cell is switched by L1 / L2 (e.g., DCI / MAC CE). The UE can receive / transmit a UE dedicated channel / common channel with a new serving cell (or a target serving cell). The UE may go out of the coverage of the current serving cell (e.g., Current serving cell).

[0022] (Event-Triggered Beam Report / UE-initiated Beam Report (UEIBR)) In a future wireless communication system (e.g., after Rel. 19), it is being considered to support event-based beam reporting. Event-based beam reporting may be called event-triggered beam reporting and may also be called UE-initiated beam reporting (UEIBR).

[0023] UEIBR / beam management initiated by the UE (UEIBM) can be used for measurement reporting / beam switching / cell switching, etc.

[0024] <Applicable Cases> UEIBR may be applied, for example, in at least one of the following Case 1 or Case 2: - Case 1: L1-RSRP / SINR beam report including the serving cell PCI / additional PCI (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR beam report including the serving cell / additional PCI cell for Rel. 18 L1 / L2 mobility with inter-cell mobility / intra-cell multi-TRP (M-TRP inter-cell) / cell switching within the L1 / L2 cell). - Case 2: L1-RSRP / SINR beam report including only the serving cell PCI.

[0025] The UE may report the measurement results (e.g., at least L1-RSRP / L1-SINR and the corresponding resource indicator / RS index) to the NW when a specific event occurs (which may be interpreted in this disclosure as a specific condition being met / not met, a specific event being matched, etc.).

[0026] The specific event may be, for example, at least one of an event relating to a serving cell and an additional cell, and at least one of an event relating to a beam report including at least one of the PCI of the serving cell and the PCI of the additional cell.

[0027] <UEIBR Trigger Conditions / Events> The UEIBR [Rel. 19] may be triggered when certain conditions (events) are met. For example, a UE may apply different / identical conditions / events to the triggers of the following beam reports.

[0028] • UE Feature #1: UEIBR for MIMO [Rel. 19]. • UE Feature #2: UEIBR for mobility [Rel. 19].

[0029] Different UE capabilities may be introduced / defined between UE features #1 and #2. Furthermore, different higher-layer parameters may be set to enable each UE feature. UE features and UE capabilities may be interchangeable.

[0030] UE does not expect UE features #1 and #2 to be set simultaneously in a given BWP / CC / band / frequency range / frequency (or for each UE).

[0031] A UE may have UE features #1 and #2 set simultaneously in a given BWP / CC / band / frequency range / frequency (or per UE). For example, a UE may have predefined which events (which UE features) to prioritize, if set, and this may be set / instructed by upper-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling.

[0032] This disclosure may be applied within the Unified TCI Framework.

[0033] This disclosure may apply only if the corresponding UE capability is reported, or if the corresponding higher-layer parameter (e.g., RRC) is notified / reported.

[0034] <UEIBR for MIMO> With respect to the UEIBR for MIMO [Rel. 19], the following may apply:

[0035] - MAC CE in PUCCH. - UCI in periodic / semi-persistent PUCCH, UCI in dynamic grant (DG) / configured grant (CG) PUCCH. - The relationship between the MAC CE-based method and the UCI-based method described above. For example, two independent methods may be configurable. Alternatively, a UCI-based method may be applied in addition to a MAC CE-based method (a combination of the two methods (2-step method) may be applied).

[0036] The report content may be essentially the same as existing L1 beam measurement reports, and may include at least one of the following, for example: • SSBRI / CRI. • Number of beams to be reported (X). • Method for selecting X beams. • L1-RSRP / SINR (absolute value / difference value) for each SSBRI / CRI. If MAC CE is used, • Indicator indicating whether the following octets are included. If MAC CE / UCI is used, • Serving cell ID, BWP ID (if the report requires activation of the TCI state or beam switching).

[0037] Events related to the UEIBR for MIMO may be broadly categorized into the following event types: ◆ Event 1: The quality of the current beam falls below a certain threshold. ◆ Event 2: The quality of at least one new beam improves by a threshold compared to the quality of the current beam (the quality of at least one new beam improves by the current beam plus a threshold). ◆ Event 3: The quality of a new beam improves above a certain threshold. ◆ Event 4: The quality of the current beam falls below a first threshold, and the quality of at least one new beam improves above a second threshold (the quality of the current beam falls below a first threshold, and the quality of at least one new beam improves above a second threshold). ◆ Event 5: The absolute difference between the quality of the current beam and the quality of at least one new beam falls below a certain threshold. ◆ Event 6: The current beam is no longer included in the best K beams [of the beams set up for measurement / reporting]. K > 1. ◆Event 7: The quality of at least one new beam is better than a threshold value relative to the quality of the RS derived from the Q-th best quality activated [active] TCI state (the quality of at least one new beam is better than a threshold value relative to the quality of the RS derived from the Q-th best quality activated [active] TCI state). Q is 1 or greater and may be set in the RRC [based on UE capability reporting]. ◆Event 8: The quality of M new beams is better than a threshold value relative to the current beam quality (the quality of M new beams is higher than the current beam quality plus a threshold). M > 1. ◆Event 9: The quality of at least one new beam is better than a threshold value relative to the set reference RS quality (the quality of at least one new beam is higher than the set reference RS quality plus a threshold). The reference RS may be an SSB / CSI-RS.

[0038] In this disclosure, quality, measurement results, L1 measurement results, L1-RSRP, and L1-SINR may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0039] It should be noted that the events exemplified in this way do not exclude other events.

[0040] Priorities may be assigned to events 1 through 9. For example, one of events 1 through 9 (e.g., event 2) may have the highest priority (e.g., event 2 may be given priority in the decision-making process).

[0041] For example, in event 2, the current beam may be determined / derived based on the QCL RS of the indicated TCI state (e.g., QCL source RS).

[0042] For example, for the current beam in event 2, at least one of the following beam options 2a to 2c may be supported: • Beam option 2a: The RS corresponding to the current beam is implicitly derived / determined based on the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state. • Beam option 2b: The RS corresponding to the current beam is an SSB that is QCL'd with the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state. • Beam option 2c: The RS corresponding to the current beam is explicitly set / indicated using RRC signaling / MAC CE.

[0043] For example, for a new beam in Event 2, at least one of the following beam options 3a to 3c may be supported: • Beam option 3a: The RS corresponding to the new beam is [explicitly] set using RRC signaling (e.g., resetting of existing RS measurements, or setting parameters for TCI states (e.g., TCI-State)) / MAC CE. • Beam option 3b: The RS corresponding to the new beam is [implicitly] derived / determined based on the QCL RS of the activated TCI state (active TCI state). • Beam option 3c: The RS corresponding to the new beam is [implicitly] derived / determined based on the QCL RS of one or more TCI states in a setting subset of the list of TCI states set by RRC (set TCI states).

[0044] For example, multiple schemes may be supported for the reference signal measurement (RS measurement) of the current beam for event 2 (and beam option 2a): • Scheme 1: The RS of the current beam is the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state. • Scheme 2: The RS of the current beam is the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state and the QCLed SSB.

[0045] If there are two QCL RSs in the indicated TCI state, the QCL RSs may be of QCL type D.

[0046] At least one of CSI-RS and SSB may be supported as a QCL RS to be set / applied to the indicated TCI state. When CSI-RS is set / applied as the QCL RS, at least one of a tracking CSI-RS (TRS) and a measurement CSI-RS may be supported. The measurement CSI-RS may be a CSI-RS used for L1-RSRP / L1-SINR or a CSI-RS used for beam management (BM).

[0047] In Scheme 1, only a TRS (e.g., one tracking CSI-RS) may be set as the QCL-RS (e.g., type A / D) for the indicated TCI state.

[0048] If only TRS is set as the QCL-RS for the indicated TCI state, a reference signal different from the TRS (e.g., the RS corresponding to the TRS) may be selected for measuring / reporting the RS of the current beam.

[0049] For the current beam RS measurement in Event 2 / Option 2a, [in addition to Schemes 1 and 2], at least one of the following processing options 1 to 4 may be applied when only one TRS is set in the indicated TCI state:

[0050] • Processing Option 1: An additional scheme is introduced. The RS for the current beam can be the CSI-RS for beam management derived from the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state. • Processing Option 2: TRS is further supported as the measured RS for the current beam to determine the L1-RSRP. • Processing Option 3: An additional scheme is introduced. The RS for the current beam is explicitly set / indicated by the RRC or MAC CE. • Processing Option 4: No further extensions are made.

[0051] Explicit RS settings for measuring new beams in Event 2 may be configured in a single RS resource set associated with the CSI reporting settings.

[0052] In this case, if existing UE capabilities cannot be reused, a UE capability indicating the maximum number of RSs to be set within the RS resource set may be defined / introduced.

[0053] The RS within that single RS resource set may be updated by MAC CE.

[0054] UEIBR for MIMO may be transmitted using UCI.

[0055] In a UCI-based UEIBR procedure using UCI, the following modes may be supported:

[0056] <<Mode A>> Mode A relates to the dynamic scheduling of UCI by NW (gNB). That is, in Mode A, resources for UCI are scheduled by gNB. Mode A may be a basic function of the UE (a UE that supports UEIBR may naturally support this function).

[0057] Step 1: The UE transmits a first UL channel (e.g., PUCCH). The first UL channel is a UL channel that pre-notifies / requests a second UL channel (e.g., PUCCH) for transmitting beam reports, and may consist of one or more bits.

[0058] Step 2: The UE detects the DCI format indicating the second UL channel resource.

[0059] Step 3: The UE transmits the beam report using the resource (UCI) on the second UL channel.

[0060] In mode A, a 1-bit instruction in at least the first UL channel (PUCCH) may be supported to request resources on the second UL channel for transmitting beam reports.

[0061] In this case, periodic PUCCH resources (PUCCH format 0 / 1) can be set up by dedicated upper-layer signaling.

[0062] An RRC parameter (e.g., reportResourceRequest-UEIBR) corresponding to the one-bit instruction (for setting the one-bit instruction) may be defined. The RRC parameter may be identified using a specific ID (e.g., a dedicated SchedulingRequestId).

[0063] Furthermore, an RRC parameter (e.g., firstPUCCHResourceConfig-ModeA-UEIBR) for periodic PUCCH resource configuration corresponding to the 1-bit instruction may be defined. This RRC parameter does not need to be associated with the SR ID (e.g., SchedulingRequestId).

[0064] The RRC parameters may include, for example, period and offset setting parameters (periodicityAndOffset) and a PUCCH resource ID (e.g., PUCCH-ResourceID).

[0065] These RRC parameter specifications may also apply to cases using at least one CC (single CC).

[0066] The DCI format in step 2 may be, for example, UL Grant DCI (e.g., DCI format 0_1 / 0_2 / 0_3), and the second UL channel in step 3 may utilize at least PUSCH.

[0067] Furthermore, the DCI format in step 2 may be, for example, DL Grant DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_1 / 1_2), and the second UL channel in step 3 may utilize PUCCH.

[0068] A new 1-bit field in the DL grant DCI may be defined to instruct the transmission of the UEIBR.

[0069] PUCCH resources intended for HARQ-ACK transmission may be (re)used to transmit both HARQ-ACK and UEIBR.

[0070] <<Mode B>> Mode B relates to the UCI in the pre-configured resources for the second UL channel.

[0071] Step 1: The UE transmits a first UL channel (e.g., PUCCH). The first UL channel is a UL channel that notifies a second UL channel for transmitting beam reports, and may consist of one or more bits.

[0072] Step 2: The UE transmits a beam report on the second UL channel (for example, using a specific resource (UCI) within the channel).

[0073] Note that the notification in Step 1 may be included in a separate reporting instance from the beam report in Step 2.

[0074] In mode B, a one-bit instruction on at least the first UL channel (PUCCH) may be supported to indicate that the second UL channel will transmit a beam report.

[0075] In this case, periodic PUCCH resources (PUCCH format 0 / 1) can be set up by dedicated upper-layer signaling.

[0076] In either mode A or B as described above, cross-CC (component carrier) beam reporting may be supported.

[0077] An RRC parameter (e.g., reportResourceRequest-UEIBR) corresponding to the one-bit instruction (for setting the one-bit instruction) may be defined. The RRC parameter may be identified using a specific ID (e.g., a dedicated SchedulingRequestId).

[0078] Furthermore, an RRC parameter (e.g., firstPUCCHResourceConfig-ModeB-UEIBR) for periodic PUCCH resource configuration corresponding to the 1-bit instruction may be defined. This RRC parameter does not need to be associated with the SR ID (e.g., SchedulingRequestId).

[0079] The RRC parameters may include, for example, period and offset setting parameters (periodicityAndOffset) and a PUCCH resource ID (e.g., PUCCH-ResourceID).

[0080] These RRC parameter specifications may also apply to cases using at least one CC (single CC).

[0081] The second UL channel in step 2 may be, for example, a type 1 configured grant (CG) PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0082] <UEIBR for Mobility> With respect to the UEIBR for mobility (e.g., LTM) in Rel. 19, the following may apply:

[0083] - MAC CE in semi-persistent / aperiodic PUCCH. - UCI in periodic / semi-persistent PUCCH, UCI in semi-persistent / aperiodic PUCCH.

[0084] The report may include, for example, at least one of the following: If the measurement report is used for cell switching reporting, in addition to MIMO-related information: an indicator showing whether or not a cell switch has occurred, or TA-related information. Otherwise (if the measurement report is not used for cell switching reporting): the same information as MIMO-related information (the only difference being whether it is within a cell or between cells).

[0085] The supported events may be the same as those for a Conditional Hand-Over (CHO).

[0086] For example, since candidate cells are set based on the L3 measurement report, L1-RSRP / SINR may be used as the threshold.

[0087] If the report is used for cell switching commands, specific domain filters (e.g., time / frequency / space) may be considered / applied to prevent frequent switching.

[0088] It may also be specified whether flexibility in the trigger time (e.g., 5 milliseconds, 10 milliseconds, 20 milliseconds) is required.

[0089] In the case of L1 measurements using UEIBR, at least the results of beam-level measurements may be used for event evaluation.

[0090] Events related to UEIBR for mobility may be broadly categorized into the following event types: ◆ Event LTM2: The beam quality of the serving cell falls below the absolute threshold. ◆ Event LTM3: The beam quality of the candidate cell is better than the beam quality of the serving cell by an offset amount. ◆ Event LTM4: The beam quality of the candidate cell is better than the beam quality of the serving cell plus an offset amount. ◆ Event LTM5: The beam quality of the serving cell falls below the first absolute threshold, AND the beam quality of the candidate cell is better than the second absolute threshold.

[0091] It should be noted that the events exemplified in this way do not exclude other events. Furthermore, the MIMO-oriented events described above may be reused as appropriate (in this case, "current beam" may be replaced with "serving cell beam," and "new beam" with "candidate cell beam"). These reused / re-interpreted events may be called mobility / LTM-oriented events corresponding to MIMO-oriented events.

[0092] In the LTM configuration, the L1 measurement resource setting may support both SSB and CSI-RS beam settings.

[0093] In Event LTM3 and Event LTM5, the same type of RS (e.g., CSI-RS / SSB) may be used for both the serving cell and the candidate cell (peripheral cell).

[0094] In mobility event evaluation, at least one of the following may be applied: TimeToTrigger (TTT), hysteresis for entering / leaving, and beam-specific / cell-specific offsets.

[0095] UEIBR for mobility may be transmitted using MAC CE.

[0096] <Definition of wording for specific events> In the existing events described above, the definitions of Serving [cell] and Neighbor [cell] may be reinterpreted / updated as follows in the UEIBR for Rel. 19.

[0097] For example, in existing L3 events, Serving [Cell], SpCell, and PCell may be interpreted interchangeably with the current beam (e.g., the RS ID associated with the indicated [Joint / DL]TCI state) in event-triggered beam reports for MIMO in Rel. 19.

[0098] Furthermore, in existing L3 events, Serving [Cell], SpCell, and PCell may be interpreted interchangeably with the current beam (e.g., the RS ID associated with the indicated [Joint / DL] TCI state) or the serving cell's beam (e.g., the RS ID associated with the serving cell's PCI TCI state) in the event-triggered beam reports for mobility in Rel. 19.

[0099] In existing L3 events, surrounding cells may be interpreted interchangeably with other beams (e.g., RS IDs that are not associated with the indicated [joint / DL]TCI state but are associated with the RS ID for L1 beam measurements) in event-triggered beam reports for MIMO (which may be mobility) in Rel. 19.

[0100] Furthermore, in existing L3 events, surrounding [cells] may be interpreted interchangeably with the beams of non-serving cells / target cells / candidate cells (e.g., RS IDs associated with the TCI status of the target cell / candidate cell's PCI) in event-triggered beam reports for mobility in Rel. 19.

[0101] The measured values ​​of each reference signal (RS) may be RSRP / SINR, L3-RSRP / SINR, L1-RSRP / SINR, or the average of multiple L1-RSRP / SINR values.

[0102] For example, L1-RSRP / SINR can change dynamically. Therefore, by averaging multiple (X) L1-RSRP / SINR values ​​(e.g., X=5), control hunting (frequent switching of trigger states) in beam reporting triggers can be avoided.

[0103] (MIMO extensions) The following items are being considered for MIMO extensions.

[0104] ◆Item 1: To reduce at least one of the overhead and latency, extensions are being considered to facilitate UE-initiated / event-driven beam management for FR2 and sTRP, assuming a unified TCI and using intra-cell and inter-cell beam management, while leveraging the existing CSI measurement and reporting configuration framework. Specifically, the following items are being considered: —◆Item a: Content of UL signaling for UE-initiated / event-driven beam reporting to facilitate fast beam switching (including procedures as needed). —◆Item b: Medium / container of UL signaling designed for beam reporting and taking into account the UE-initiated / event-driven nature of UL transmission.

[0105] Regarding the triggering event determination for Event 2, the following functions are being considered: ◆ If the number of Event 2 instances for at least one identical new beam within a [configurable] time window is greater than or equal to the configurable number M, a UE Start Beam Report (UEIBR) is generated. If the L1-RSRP of a new beam is better than the L1-RSRP of the current beam by a threshold value (i.e., the L1-RSRP of the new beam is higher than the L1-RSRP of the current beam plus the threshold value), an Event 2 instance for that new beam is determined.

[0106] This function depends on the following UE capabilities: ◆Basic function: If the L1-RSRP of a new beam is better than the current beam by a threshold value (i.e., the L1-RSRP of a new beam is higher than the current beam by a threshold value), an event 2 instance for that new beam is determined.

[0107] The filtering operation supports a time window and the number of Event 2 instances. As a basic function, it supports an Event 2 instance count of 1.

[0108] Regarding the triggering event determination for Event 2, the count of one or more event instances is calculated for each new beam.

[0109] Regarding the triggering event determination for Event 2, several of the following multiple options x are selected for the evaluation period for determining the Event 2 instance. ◆Option 1: The period of the current beam RS is the same as the period of one or more new beam RSs. The evaluation period is the same as the period of one or more current beam RSs and one or more new beam RSs. ◆Option 2: The period of the current beam RS is different from the period of one or more new beam RSs. Several of the following multiple options 2-x may be selected for this option. —◆Option 2-1: The evaluation period is the same as the period of the current beam RS. —◆Option 2-2: The evaluation period is the same as the period of the new beam RS. —◆Option 2-3: The evaluation period is the same as the minimum period of the current beam RS and one or more new beam RSs. —◆Option 2-4: The evaluation period is the maximum value of X ms, the minimum period of the current beam RS and one or more new beam RSs. ―◆Option 2-5: The evaluation cycle is the same as the maximum cycle of the current beam RS and one or more new beam RSs.

[0110] The same period is present for one or more new beams RS.

[0111] The following may be assumed: ◆In UE-initiated / event-driven beam reporting, in addition to Event 2, both Event 1 and Event 7 below are supported for trigger events. —◆Event 1: The quality of the current beam becomes worse than a specific threshold (below a specific threshold). —◆Event 7: The quality of at least the new beam [such as L1-RSRP] becomes better than a specific threshold better than the RS derived from an active TCI state with the Qth quality from the best quality (at least the quality of the new beam [such as L1-RSRP] is higher than the quality obtained by adding a specific threshold to the RS quality derived from an active TCI state with the Qth quality from the best quality). Q is set by the RRC depending on the UE capability signaling. The UE may indicate only one candidate value or may not support Event 7. —◆Additionally supported events reuse the same design as Event 2. —◆Additionally supported events have a lower priority compared to Event 2.

[0112] (Mobility Enhancements) The following measurement-related enhancements are being considered to support LTM:

[0113] Regarding the objectives of event-triggered measurement for MIMO and mobility expansion, the lower-layer and upper-layer studies are being conducted independently.

[0114] In this disclosure, the lower layer may be Layer 1 (physical layer) or may be called Wireless Access Network (RAN) 1. The upper layer may be Layers 2 and 3 (RRC) or may be called Wireless Access Network (RAN) 2.

[0115] In considering the upper layers, the following are being considered:

[0116] ◆As an L1 LTM measurement event, it is being considered to support at least one of the aforementioned multiple LTM events based on the beam intrinsic quality of the serving cell and candidate cell.

[0117] ◆The current beam is used for event evaluation in the L1 measurement report for the serving cell. The current beam may also be the beam corresponding to the indicated TCI state.

[0118] ◆Any beam can be used within the candidate RS setting for LTM event evaluation.

[0119] ◆Beam-level measurement results, rather than cell-level measurement results, are used for LTM event evaluation.

[0120] ◆LTM event-triggered measurement settings can serve as a baseline. —◆LTM measurement resource settings are provided within LTM-Config. —◆Event-triggered reporting settings are provided within the serving cell settings.

[0121] ◆ The MAC layer handles event evaluation and measurement reporting triggering.

[0122] ◆All event evaluation procedures are processed by MAC based on the latest L1 measurement results reported by L1.

[0123] (Lower Layer Specifications) The lower layer specifications, which define instructions from lower layers to upper layers, specify the following:

[0124] <Control Physical Layer Procedure / Wireless Link Monitoring> Threshold Q for all resources in the set of resources for wireless link monitoring out Rather, if the wireless link quality is poor, the physical layer within the UE will indicate that the wireless link quality is out of sync within the frame in which the wireless link quality is being evaluated. Threshold Q for any resource in the set of resources for wireless link monitoring. in Furthermore, if the wireless link quality is good, the physical layer within the UE will indicate that it is synchronized (in-sync).

[0125] Here, the instruction is either in-sync or out-of-sync. The instruction timing is within a frame.

[0126] <Physical Layer Procedure for Control / Link Recovery Procedure> In the non-DRX mode, the set q used by the UE for evaluating the radio link quality - 0,0 or q - 0,1 If the radio link quality for all corresponding resource settings within is worse than the threshold Q out,LR The physical layer within the UE provides an indication to the upper layer. The SS / PBCH block on the PCell or PSCell, and the set q used by the UE for evaluating the radio link quality - 0, q - 0,0 or q - 0,1 If the radio link quality determined by the maximum value between the minimum period within at least one of the periodic CSI-RS settings within and 2 msec is worse than the threshold Q out,LR The physical layer notifies the upper layer. In the DRX mode, if the radio link quality using the period determined as described in the specification is worse than the threshold Q out,LR The physical layer within the UE notifies the upper layer.

[0127] In the PCell or PSCell, in response to a request from the upper layer, the set q - 1, q - 1,0 or q - 1,1 The UE provides to the upper layer at least one of the periodic CSI-RS setting index and the SS / PBCH block index from and the corresponding L1-RSRP measurement that is above the Q in,LR threshold.

[0128] In the SCell, in response to a request from the upper layer, the UE indicates to the upper layer whether there is at least one of the periodic CSI-RS setting index and the SS / PBCH block index from the set q in,LR that has a corresponding L1-RSRP measurement above the Q - 1, q - 1,0 or q - 1,1 and provides to the upper layer the set q - 1, q- 1,0 or q - 1,1 At least one of the periodic CSI-RS setting index and SS / PBCH block index from Q in,LR If any corresponding L1-RSRP measurements that are above the threshold are provided.

[0129] Here, the instructions from the lower layer to the upper layer are instructions for when specific conditions are met, or the index of a CSI-RS / SSB that has an L1-RSRP result that satisfies the conditions, or whether a CSI-RS / SSB that satisfies the conditions exists and the index of the corresponding CSI-RS / SSB that has an L1-RSRP result. The instruction timing is periodic.

[0130] (Higher Layer Specifications) The higher layer specifications define the following:

[0131] <RRC Protocol Specification / Procedure / Detection of Physical Layer Problems in RRC_CONNECTED> The UE performs the following: ◆If any DAPS bearer is configured and T304 is operating in response to receiving N310 consecutive "out-of-sync" instructions from a lower layer to a source SpCell, then the UE starts timer T310 for the source SpCell. ◆If none of T300, T301, T304, T311, T316, and T319 are operating in response to receiving N310 consecutive "out-of-sync" instructions from a lower layer to that SpCell, then the UE starts timer T310 for the corresponding SpCell.

[0132] <RRC Protocol Specification / Procedure / Physical Layer Problem Recovery> If T310 is running in response to receiving N311 consecutive "in-sync" instructions from a lower layer to a source SpCell, the UE shall: ◆ Stop the timer T310 for the corresponding SpCell, and ◆ Stop the timer T310 for the corresponding SpCell, if it is running.

[0133] Note 1: In this case, the UE maintains the RRC connection without explicit signaling. That is, the UE maintains all wireless resource settings.

[0134] Note 2: Periods in which neither "in-sync" nor "out-of-sync" is reported by L1 do not affect the number of consecutive "in-sync" or "out-of-sync" events.

[0135] <RRC Protocol Specification / Variables and Constants / Counters> Counter N310 is defined as follows: ◆ Reset: When "in-sync" is received from a lower layer; when an RRCReconfiguration with reconfigurationWithSync is received for that cell group; at the start of the connection re-establishment procedure. ◆ Increment: When "out-of-sync" is received from a lower layer while timer T310 is stopped. ◆ When the maximum value is reached: Start timer T310.

[0136] Counter N311 is defined as follows: ◆ Reset: When "out-of-sync" is received from a lower layer; when an RRCReconfiguration with reconfigurationWithSync is received for that cell group; at the start of a connection re-establishment procedure. ◆ Increment: When "in-sync" is received from a lower layer while timer T310 is operating. ◆ When the maximum value is reached: Timer T310 is stopped.

[0137] Here, the instruction from the lower layer to the upper layer is either "in-sync" or "out-of-sync". The instruction timing is periodic. The UE behavior after receiving an instruction from the lower layer is to start or stop the timer.

[0138] <MAC Protocol Specifications / MAC Procedures / Beam Fault Detection and Recovery Procedures> A MAC entity is configured by the RRC for each serving cell or BFD-RS with a beam fault recovery procedure used to direct a new SSB or CSI-RS serving gNB when a beam fault is detected on one or more serving SSBs / CSI-RSs. Beam faults are detected by counting beam fault instance directives from lower layers to the MAC entity. If the beam fault recovery configuration (beamFailureRecoveryConfig) is reset by a higher layer (RRC layer) during an ongoing random access procedure for beam fault recovery in a SpCell, the MAC entity stops the ongoing random access procedure and starts a random access procedure using the new configuration. If two fault detection sets (failureDetectionSet1 and failureDetectionSet2) are configured for the active DL BWP of a serving cell, and only failureDetectionSet1 and failureDetectionSet2 are configured, then the serving cell will be configured with two BFD-RS sets. If the SCG is deactivated and bfd-and-RLM is set to true, beam fault detection will be performed on the PSCell.

[0139] The RRC sets the following parameters in beamFailureRecoveryConfig, beamFailureRecoverySpCellConfig, beamFailureRecoverySCellConfig, and radioLinkMonitoringConfig for beam fault detection and recovery: ◆ Maximum beam fault instance count for beam fault detection [per serving cell, or per BFD-RS set of a serving cell with two BFD-RS sets configured] (beamFailureInstanceMaxCount). ◆ Beam fault detection timer for beam recovery procedure for SpCell (beamFailureDetectionTimer).

[0140] The following UE variables are used in the beam fault detection procedure: ◆ Beam fault instance counter (BFI_COUNTER) [per serving cell, or per BFD-RS set for a serving cell with two BFD-RS sets configured]: This is a counter for indicating beam fault instances and is initially set to 0.

[0141] The MAC entity performs the following for each serving cell configured for beam fault detection: ◆If the serving cell is configured with two BFD-RS sets, —◆If a beam fault instance indication for one BFD-RS set is received from a lower layer, the MAC entity —◆starts or restarts the beamFailureDetectionTimer for that BFD-RS set, —◆increments the BFI_COUNTER for that BFD-RS set by 1, —◆if the BFI_COUNTER >= beamFailureInstanceMaxCount for that BFD-RS set, —◆the MAC entity triggers a BFR for that serving cell for this BFD-RS set. ◆If the serving cell does not have two BFD-RS sets configured, and a beam failure instance indication is received from a lower layer, the MAC entity shall: —◆start or restart beamFailureDetectionTimer, and —◆increment BFI_COUNTER by 1.

[0142] Here, the instruction from the lower layer is a beam fault instance instruction. The UE's behavior after receiving the instruction from the lower layer is to start or restart the timer, increment the counter, etc.

[0143] <MAC Protocol Specification / UL> A MAC entity determines whether a configuration UL grant will be used for a PUSCH transmission, taking into account the amount of buffered data that can be transmitted on the available occasions of the associated configuration grant and other available UL-SCH resources. In response to this decision, the MAC entity transmits instructions regarding this decision to lower layers for use in the procedure for reporting unused transmission occasions (UTO)-UCI.

[0144] For a UL grant configured for configured grant-based (CG)-small data transmission (SDT) of type 1 on a selected UL carrier, if a CG-SDT is not triggered and terminated, for each configured UL grant that satisfies the expression of the specification, the MAC entity shall perform the following: ◆ If, after the initial transmission for CG-SDT with a CCCH message has been made, no PDCCH addressed to the MAC entity's C-RNTI has been received, —◆ If the SSB corresponding to the configured UL grant has the same SSB index as the SSB selected for the initial transmission for CG-SDT with a CCCH message (i.e., a retransmission of the initial CG-SDT), the MAC entity shall perform the following: —◆ Select this SSB, —◆ Direct the SSB index corresponding to the configured UL grant to the lower layer, —◆ Consider the configured UL grant valid.

[0145] (Issue) The procedures are separated between the lower and upper layers, and in particular, there has been insufficient consideration of what kind of information is exchanged between the lower and upper layers in the UE (or what kind of information / format is reported from the lower layer to the upper layer in the UE). Insufficient consideration of such matters may lead to a decrease in communication quality / throughput.

[0146] Therefore, the inventors conceived a method for exchanging information between lower and upper layers in a UE (Unified Environment).

[0147] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0148] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0149] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0150] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0151] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0152] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0153] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0154] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0155] In this disclosure, cell group, serving cell group, master cell group (MCG), and secondary cell group (SCG) may be interpreted interchangeably. L1 / L2, L1 / L2 signaling, and DCI / MAC CE may be interpreted interchangeably. A serving cell may be replaced with a cell that transmits a PDSCH. A candidate cell may mean a cell that is a candidate to become a serving cell through L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility. L1 / L2-triggered mobility (or Lower layer triggered mobility, LTM) and L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0156] In this disclosure, cell, PCI, serving cell, source serving cell, source cell, CC, BWP, BWP within CC, and band may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, cell, PCI, cell with additional PCI, additional cell, other cell, non-serving cell, cell with a different PCI, candidate cell, candidate serving cell, cell with a PCI different from the current serving cell's PCI, another serving cell, and target cell may be interpreted interchangeably. A target cell may be a cell selected from among several candidate cells. In this disclosure, switch, change, and update may be interpreted interchangeably. A serving cell may be interpreted as a serving cell before a switch or a serving cell after a switch.

[0157] In this disclosure, "transmission" and "reception" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0158] In this disclosure, the terms content, format, notice, and report may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0159] In this disclosure, MAC CE, UCI, cell switching command, beam switching command, MAC CE for beam reporting, and MAC CE for cell switching may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0160] In this disclosure, the UEIBR may be reported using PUSCH (e.g., CG PUSCH / DG PUSCH). That is, the reporting content in this disclosure may be transmitted using at least one of MAC CE / UCI / PUCCH / PUCH.

[0161] In this disclosure, "Serving" may be interpreted as "Serving beam," "Serving cell," or "SpCell."

[0162] In this disclosure, "Neighbor" may be interpreted as any beam or cell other than a serving beam / serving cell / SpCell / SCell.

[0163] In this disclosure, candidate cells, target cells, surrounding cells, cells, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0164] In this disclosure, index, ID, and identifier may be interpreted as interchangeable. Beam[index], RS[index], SSB[index], CSI-RS resource[index], TCI status[index], and [L1 / L3] measurement result may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0165] In this disclosure, the measured RS may be the QCL source RS in an active TCI state / indicated TCI state.

[0166] In this disclosure, the terms event-based beam reporting, event-triggered beam reporting, event-driven beam reporting, UE-triggered beam reporting, UE-initiated beam reporting (UEIBR), UE-initiated beam management (UEIBM), beam reporting, CSI reporting, UEIBR, CSI relating to UEIBR, UEIBR-CSI, UEIBR-UCI, reporting, MAC CE, beam reporting MAC CE, UCI, CSI, and PUSCH may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, CSI relating to UEIBR / UCI may be referred to as UEIBR-CSI / UCI. In this disclosure, "other" UCI (or simply "UCI") may mean a UCI separate from the CSI / UCI relating to the UEIBR.

[0167] In this disclosure, indicated TCI state, active TCI state, activated TCI state, configured TCI state, and RS set in RRC may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0168] In this disclosure, rules, cases, factors, events, conditions [corresponding to events], thresholds, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0169] In this disclosure, Mode A and Mode B may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0170] In this disclosure, instructions, content, field, ID, measurement result, and reported quantity may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0171] In this disclosure, the terms current beam, beam / RS corresponding to the current active TCI state, beam / RS corresponding to the active TCI state, beam / RS derived from the current active TCI state, and beam of the serving cell may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0172] In this disclosure, the terms "new [candidate] beam," "candidate beam," and "beam of a candidate cell" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0173] In this disclosure, timer and time window may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, event instance and reporting instance may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0174] In this disclosure, ceil(x), the ceiling function, and the ceiling function may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, floor(x), the floor function, and the floor function may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, ceil(x) and floor(x) may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, sqrt(x), the square root of x, and the root x may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, x mod y, mod(x, y), the mod function, and the modulo operation may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, Σ i=M M+N-1 f(i), Σ i=M M+N-1 f i f(i) or f over i = M, M+1, ..., M+N-1 i The sum of f(M) + f(M+1) + ... + f(M+N-1), f M +f M+1 +...+f M+N-1 , can be read interchangeably. C(n,k) is the number of combinations of choosing k values ​​from n values ​​(combinatorial coefficient), binomial coefficients, n C k , C n k , may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, x / / y and floor(x / y) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0175] In this disclosure, A b The notations A_b, Ab, and A with a b placed to the lower right may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A c The notation A^c, with a c superscripted above A, may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A bc The notation A_b^c, where b is placed to the lower right of A and c is placed to the upper right of A, may be interpreted as being interchangeable. In this disclosure, x ~ x may be represented by placing a ~ above x, or it may be called x tilde. In this disclosure, x - x may be represented by placing a hyphen above it, or it may be called an x-bar. In this disclosure, x ＾ This can also be represented by placing a caret (^) above x, or it may be called an x-hat.

[0176] In this disclosure, FR may be at least one of FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, FR3, subterahertz, and terahertz. In this disclosure, the frequency range corresponding to FR1 may be 410–7125 MHz. In this disclosure, FR2 may include FR2-1 and FR2-2, the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 24250–52600 MHz, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 52600–71000 MHz.

[0177] In this disclosure, the following terms may be used: ◆carrier aggregation (CA). ◆dual connectivity (DC). ◆master cell group (MCG). ◆secondary cell group (SCG). ◆primary cell (PCell). ◆primary SCG cell (PSCell): In DC operation, an SCG cell that a UE randomly accesses when performing a reconfiguration with Sync procedure. ◆special cell (SpCell): In DC operation, SpCell refers to a PCell of the MCG or a PSCell of the SCG. In other operations, SpCell refers to a PCell. ◆secondary cell (SCell): A cell that provides additional radio resources to an SpCell in a UE with CA configured. ◆dual active protocol stack (DAPS) bearer: The bearer's radio protocol is located in both the source gNB and the target gNB during a DAPS handover using both the source gNB and the target gNB.

[0178] In this disclosure, the terms indication, sign, mark, representation, notification, and report may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0179] In this disclosure, the lower layers of the UE, the physical layer of the UE, the wireless access network 1, and the UE may be interpreted as equivalent to each other. In this disclosure, the lower layers and the lower layer procedures / processes / entities may be interpreted as equivalent to each other.

[0180] In this disclosure, the upper layer of the UE, the MAC layer of the UE, the RRC layer of the UE, the MAC layer and RRC layer of the UE, the MAC entity of the UE, and the wireless access network 2 may be interpreted as one another. In this disclosure, the upper layer and the upper layer procedure / process / entity may be interpreted as one another.

[0181] In this disclosure, quality, measurement results, L1 measurement results, L1-RSRP, and L1-SINR may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0182] In this disclosure, event evaluation, evaluation of one or more current beams, evaluation of one or more new beams, comparison between the current beam and one or more new beams, evaluation of the beam of one or more serving cells, evaluation of the beam of one or more candidate cells, and comparison between the beam of a serving cell and the beam of one or more candidate cells may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0183] In the conditions for an event in this disclosure, an offset may be added to the quality / measurement result, or a hysteresis parameter may be added to or subtracted from the quality / measurement result. In this disclosure, entering conditions and leaving conditions may be defined as conditions for an event. In the entering conditions in this disclosure, a hysteresis parameter may be subtracted from the quality / measurement result. In the leaving conditions in this disclosure, a hysteresis parameter may be subtracted from the quality / measurement result. In this disclosure, the occurrence of an event, the beam satisfying the conditions, the number of times the beam satisfies the conditions during timer operation (time window) reaching a specific number, and the joining conditions for an event being met and the leaving conditions for an event not being met may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0184] (Wireless communication method) The UE [transceiver unit] may receive / measure one or more beams (one or more RS corresponding to one or more beams, or one or more RS using one or more beams).

[0185] The UE [control unit] may execute the lower layer [procedure / process / entity] and the upper layer [procedure / process / entity].

[0186] A lower layer may measure the RS of one or more beams. The lower layer may provide (transmit) instructions to the upper layer based on the measurement results of one or more beams, or may provide (transmit) instructions / responses to the upper layer containing the measurement results of one or more beams upon request from the upper layer.

[0187] The lower layer may determine whether one or more beams meet the conditions based on the measurement results of one or more beams, or it may determine whether an event has occurred based on the measurement results of one or more beams.

[0188] The upper layer may provide (receive) instructions from the lower layer based on the measurement results of one or more beams, or may provide (transmit) requests for the measurement results of one or more beams to the lower layer in response to instructions from the lower layer, or may provide (receive) instructions / responses from the lower layer that include the measurement results of one or more beams in response to requests.

[0189] The upper layer may determine whether one or more beams meet the conditions based on the measurement results of one or more beams, or it may determine whether an event has occurred based on the measurement results of one or more beams. Depending on the occurrence of an event, it may control the transmission of beam reports based on the measurement results of one or more beams.

[0190] Each embodiment may be applied to a UEIB for MIMO. Each embodiment may be applied to a UEIB for MIMO based on at least one of the following definitions / modifications: ◆ One or more beams received / measured by the UE may be one or more beams from one or more current beams and one or more new beams. ◆ An event may be one of a plurality of events including at least one of the events 1 to 9 described above.

[0191] Each embodiment may be applied to a UEIB for mobility (e.g., LTM). Each embodiment may be applied to a UEIB for mobility based on at least one of the following definitions / reinterpretations: ◆ One or more beams received / measured by the UE may be one or more beams from one or more serving cells and one or more candidate cells. ◆ An event may be one of a plurality of events including at least one of the aforementioned event LTMs 2 to 5. An event may be replaced by an event LTM. ◆ Current beam may be replaced by a serving cell beam. ◆ New beam may be replaced by a candidate cell beam. ◆ The inclusion of a current beam index may be replaced by the inclusion of at least one of a serving cell index indicating a serving cell and a beam index indicating the beam of that serving cell. ◆ The inclusion of a new beam index may be replaced by the inclusion of at least one of a candidate cell index indicating a candidate cell and a beam index indicating the beam of that candidate cell.

[0192] <Embodiment #1> This embodiment relates to instructions / information provided from lower layers to upper layers in a UE with respect to events for measurement / reporting.

[0193] In event evaluation for UEIBR, the content / format, which depends on the division of procedures between lower and upper layers, is instructed / provided in the UE from the lower layer to the upper layer. This embodiment may be based on at least one of the following multiple options x.

[0194] <<Option 1>> The instructions / information provided from the lower layer to the upper layer include at least one of the following: the L1 measurement result of the current beam, the current beam index, the L1 measurement results of all new candidate beams, the new candidate beam index, the corresponding event ID, and the reporting setting ID.

[0195] <<<Analysis>>> In this case, a comparison between the current beam and each new beam (i.e., event evaluation) may be performed at the upper layer.

[0196] <<<Variation 1>>> Instructions from lower layers to upper layers for mobility event-triggered beam reporting may include the corresponding candidate cell index along with the new [candidate] beam index.

[0197] <<<Variation 2>>> The content may include L1 measurement results for all beams in a defined order, but may not include a new beam index. The content may not include an index / indication of the current beam, and may not include a defined order between the current beam and the new beam.

[0198] <<<Timing of Instructions>>> The timing of instructions [from lower layers to upper layers] may be based on at least one of the following options 1z: ◆Option 1A: Period of the current beam RS. ◆Option 1B: Period of the new beam RS. ◆Option 1C: Minimum period between the current beam RS and one or more new beam RSs. ◆Option 1D: Maximum period of {X ms, minimum period between the current beam RS and one or more new beam RSs}. ◆Option 1E: Maximum period between the current beam RS and one or more new beam RSs. ◆The timing / period of instructions for the current beam index with L1 measurement results and the new beam index with L1 measurement results may be the same or different.

[0199] The timing / period of indicating the current beam index and L1 measurement result may be the same as the timing / period of indicating the new beam index and L1 measurement result. As shown in the example in Figure 2A, multiple sets of [current or new] beam indices and corresponding L1 measurement results may be periodically provided from lower layers to upper layers, including one or more sets of the current beam index and corresponding L1 measurement result, and one or more sets of the new beam index and corresponding L1 measurement result.

[0200] The timing / period of indicating the current beam index and L1 measurement result may differ from the timing / period of indicating the new beam index and L1 measurement result. For example, the current beam index accompanied by the L1 measurement result may follow option 1A, and the new beam index accompanied by the L1 measurement result may follow option 1B. As shown in the example in Figure 2B, one or more sets of the current beam index and the corresponding L1 measurement result may be provided from lower layers to upper layers according to the period of the current beam RS, and one or more sets of the new beam index and the corresponding L1 measurement result may be provided from lower layers to upper layers according to the period of the new beam RS.

[0201] The timing of the instructions [from lower layers to upper layers] may differ from the evaluation cycle for determining the event 2 instance [as described above].

[0202] <<Option 2>> The information provided from the lower layer to the upper layer is an event evaluation result having at least one of the following: a new beam index, an L1 measurement result, a corresponding event ID, and a reporting setting ID. For example, the event evaluation result may be one or more sets of {flag (flag-met), new beam index, L1 measurement result}. flag-met may be a flag indicating whether a condition is met.

[0203] <<<Analysis>>> In the lower layer, a comparison (i.e., event evaluation) may be performed between the current beam and one or more new beams. After the event evaluation, whether or not each new beam meets the conditions may be provided to the upper layer, or only the new beam index that meets the conditions may be provided to the upper layer.

[0204] This option may be based on at least one of the following options 2-x.

[0205] <<<Option 2-1>>> flag-met may be 1 or 0. 1 may mean that the condition is met for the corresponding new beam index, and 0 may mean that the condition is not met for the corresponding new beam index. This option may be based on several variations y below. ◆Variation 1: If frag-met=0 for a certain new beam, the content does not need to provide the L1 measurement result for the corresponding new beam index. ◆Variation 2: An instruction may be provided only if at least one new beam has frag-met=1. Alternatively, an instruction may be provided even if all new beams have frag-met=0. At each instruction timing, the content may include information for all new beams or information for a specific new beam only. ◆Variation 3: If all new beams do not meet the condition, the instruction from the lower layer to the upper layer may be one frag-met=0, or no instruction may be given from the lower layer to the upper layer. ◆Analysis: The instructions for frag-met=1 and 0 may be similar to the in-sync and out-of-sync instructions.

[0206] Figures 3A to 3C show examples 1 to 3 of option 2-1, respectively. In examples 1 to 3, the timings #1 to #3 of the instruction from the lower layer to the upper layer may be periodic. At the timing of the instruction, a corresponding instruction may or may not be provided. The content of the instruction is four sets corresponding to new beams [indexes] #1 to #4, or one {frag-met=0}. Each set is {frag-met, new beam index, L1 measurement result (L1-RSRP [dB])}. At timing #1, the conditions are met for new beams #1 and #2, but not for new beams #3 and #4. At timing #2, the conditions are not met for new beams #1 to #4. At timing #3, the conditions are met for new beam #1, but not for new beams #2 to #4. ◆In example 1, an instruction is provided regardless of whether the conditions are met for the new beams. The instructions consist of one or more sets corresponding to each new beam, with each set being {frag-met, new beam index, L1-RSRP [dB]}. ◆In Example 2, instructions are provided only if at least one new beam satisfies the conditions (if none of the new beams satisfy the conditions, no instructions are provided). The instructions consist of one or more sets corresponding to each new beam, with each set being {frag-met, new beam index, L1-RSRP [dB]}. ◆In Example 3, instructions are provided regardless of whether the conditions are met for the new beams. If at least one new beam satisfies the conditions, the instructions consist of one or more sets corresponding to each new beam, with each set being {frag-met, new beam index, L1-RSRP [dB]}. If none of the new beams satisfy the conditions, the instructions consist of one {frag-met=0}.

[0207] <<<Option 2-2>>> Frag-met may be only 1, or may not be required in the content of the instruction. It may mean at least one of the following: that instructions are provided from the lower layer to the upper layer only if the new beam meets the conditions, and that only new beam indices that meet the conditions are provided from the lower layer to the upper layer. For example, the content may be one or more sets of {new beam index, L1 measurement result}.

[0208] Figures 4A to 4C show examples 1 to 3 of option 2-2, respectively. In examples 1 to 3, the timings #1 to #3 of instructions from the lower layer to the upper layer may be periodic. At the timing of the instructions, a corresponding instruction may or may not be provided. The content of the instruction may be one or more sets corresponding to one or more new beams, or {frag-met=0}. Each set may be {new beam index, L1 measurement result (L1-RSRP [dB])}, or {new beam index}. At timing #1, the conditions are met for beams #1 and #2. At timing #2, the conditions are not met for beams #1 and #2. At timing #3, the conditions are met for beam #1, but not for beam #2. ◆In example 1, an instruction is provided from the lower layer to the upper layer regardless of whether the new beams meet the conditions or not. If at least one new beam satisfies the condition, the instruction consists of one or more sets corresponding to one or more new beams that satisfy the condition, with each set being {new beam index, L1-RSRP [dB]}. If none of the new beams satisfy the condition, the instruction consists of one {frag-met=0}. ◆In Example 2, frag-met is not required in the instruction, and the instruction is provided from the lower layer to the upper layer only if the new beams satisfy the condition. The instruction consists of one or more sets corresponding to one or more new beams that satisfy the condition, with each set being {new beam index, L1-RSRP [dB]}. ◆In Example 3, frag-met is not required in the instruction, and the instruction is provided from the lower layer to the upper layer only if the new beams satisfy the condition. The instruction consists of one or more sets corresponding to one or more new beams that satisfy the condition, with each set being {new beam index}.

[0209] <<<Option 2-3>>> L1 measurement results do not have to be provided in the instructions. Only the new beam index may be provided in the instructions. For example, the contents may be one or more sets of {frag-met, new beam index} or one or more sets of {new beam index}.

[0210] L1 measurement results may be provided upon request from higher layers.

[0211] <<<Option 2-4>>> Information regarding the current beam may be provided from lower layers to higher layers. Information regarding the current beam may include at least one of the L1 measurement results of the current beam and the current beam index. Information regarding the current beam may be provided together with information regarding the new beam, or information regarding the current beam may be provided upon request from the higher layers. If the L1 measurement results of the current beam are provided, flag-met may not be provided.

[0212] Figures 5A to 5C show examples 1 to 3 of option 2-4, respectively. In examples 1 to 3, the timings #1 to #3 of the instruction from the lower layer to the upper layer may be periodic. At the timing of the instruction, a corresponding instruction may or may not be provided. The content of the instruction may include the L1 measurement result of the current beam (L1-RSRP [dB]) and one or more sets or one {flag-met=0} for the new beam. Each set may be {new beam index, L1 measurement result of the new beam (L1-RSRP [dB])}. At timing #1, the conditions are met for beams #1 and #2, but not for beams #3 and #4. At timing #2, the conditions are not met for beams #1 to #4. At timing #3, the conditions are met for beams #1 to #3, but not for beam #4. ◆In Example 1, instructions are provided from the lower layer to the upper layer regardless of whether the new beam meets the conditions. The instructions include the L1-RSRP [dB] of the current beam and one or more sets for the new beam. ◆In Example 2, instructions are provided from the lower layer to the upper layer regardless of whether the new beam meets the conditions. If at least one new beam meets the conditions, the instructions include the L1-RSRP [dB] of the current beam and one or more sets for the new beam. If none of the new beams meet the conditions, the instructions include the L1-RSRP [dB] of the current beam and one {frag-met=0}. ◆In Example 3, instructions are provided from the lower layer to the upper layer only if the new beam meets the conditions. The instructions include the L1-RSRP [dB] of the current beam and one or more sets for the new beam.

[0213] <<<Timing of Instructions>>> The timing of instructions [from lower layers to upper layers] may be at least one of the multiple options 1x described above, or it may be the same as the evaluation period for determining the event 2 instance [described above], or it may not be periodic, but only when the condition is met.

[0214] If an instruction is generated only when the condition is met in at least one new beam, or if only new beam indices that meet the condition are provided from the lower layer to the upper layer, then there may be no instruction from the lower layer to the upper layer, and therefore the actual timing of the instruction does not have to be periodic. For example, if the upper layer does not receive an instruction from the lower layer, the upper layer may recognize that no new beams meet the condition. In this case, it is possible to provide a one-bit instruction for the condition not being met, and the actual timing of the instruction may be periodic.

[0215] <<<UE Behavior in the Upper Layer>>> When instructions from a lower layer are received [by the upper layer] (in response to receiving instructions from a lower layer), the upper layer may perform at least one of the following steps: ◆ [In a UEIB for MIMO,] the upper layer increments the counter (e.g., X_COUNTER) for each new beam instructed [by the lower layer] by 1 and starts or restarts the timer (e.g., X_timer) for each new beam instructed [by the lower layer]. ◆ [In a UEIB for mobility,] the upper layer increments the counter (e.g., X_COUNTER) for each candidate cell instructed [by the lower layer] by 1 and starts or restarts the timer (e.g., X_timer) for each candidate cell instructed [by the lower layer].

[0216] <<Option 3>> Instructions from lower layers to upper layers may be triggered by events. The [event-triggered] instruction may include at least one of the following for reporting: a new beam index, an L1 measurement result, a corresponding event ID, and a reporting setting ID.

[0217] <<<Analysis>>> In the lower layer, event evaluation and counting within the timer may be performed for each new beam. After an event is triggered, a corresponding instruction with the new beam selected for reporting may be provided to the upper layer.

[0218] This option may be based on at least one of the following options 3-x.

[0219] <<<Option 3-1>>> Only one or more new beam indices having L1 measurement results that satisfy the event are provided to the upper layer. An L1 measurement result satisfying the event may be defined as the condition being met at least M times within the timer.

[0220] <<<Option 3-2>>> For reporting purposes, N new beam indices [number N] with L1 measurement results are provided to the upper layer. The instructions may include some new beams that do not satisfy the event.

[0221] <<<Option 3-3>>> Information regarding the current beam may be provided from lower layers to higher layers. Information regarding the current beam may include at least one of the L1 measurement results of the current beam and the current beam index. Information regarding the current beam may be provided together with information regarding the new beam, or information regarding the current beam may be provided upon request from the higher layers.

[0222] <<<Variations>>> If the event is not triggered, a 1-bit instruction indicating that the event is not triggered may be provided from the lower layer to the upper layer.

[0223] <<<Timing of Instructions>>> The timing of instructions [from lower layers to upper layers] may be at least one of the multiple options 1x described above, or it may be the same as the evaluation period for determining the event 2 instance [described above], or it may be [not periodic, but once within the timer] when the event is triggered.

[0224] According to this embodiment, the UE can provide appropriate instructions from lower layers to higher layers regarding events for measurement / reporting.

[0225] <Embodiment #2> This embodiment relates to instructions / information provided from a higher layer to a lower layer in the UE with respect to events for measurement / reporting.

[0226] In the case of option 1 / 2 of Embodiment #1, event evaluation is performed at the upper layer. After the upper layer has determined and triggered an event, the upper layer may send instructions to the lower layer to request beam measurement results (quality, L1 measurement results) for reporting [based on MAC CE], assuming that some beam measurement results were not provided to the upper layer. Instructions from the upper layer to the lower layer may be based on at least one of the following options.

[0227] <<Option 1>> The instructions include requirements for the quality of the current beam.

[0228] <<Option 2>> The instruction includes quality requirements for all new beams. In this case, in response to a request from a higher layer, the lower layer may provide all new beam indices with corresponding L1 measurement results, or it may not provide new beam indices but provide L1 measurement results for all new beams in a defined order. This order may be the order within the resource setting or the order of the CSI-RS resource indices.

[0229] Figure 6A shows an example of a combination of Option 1 and Option 2. When an event is triggered, the upper layer provides instructions to the lower layer, including requests for the quality of the current beam and the quality of all new beams. In response to these requests, the lower layer provides instructions / responses to the upper layer, including the quality of the current beam and the quality of all new beams.

[0230] <<Option 3>> The instruction includes a quality requirement for one or more specific new beams. The requirement may include an index for one or more specific new beams.

[0231] For example, if, based on event evaluation in a higher layer, it is determined that new beam #5 satisfies an event, the higher layer requests quality for new beam #5.

[0232] Figure 6B shows an example of Option 3. When an event is triggered and new beams #3 and #5 satisfy the event, the upper layer provides instructions to the lower layer, including quality requirements for new beams #3 and #5. In response to these requirements, the lower layer provides instructions / responses to the upper layer, including quality requirements for new beams #3 and #5.

[0233] <<Option 4>> The instruction includes quality requirements for N new beams. N may be provided in the instruction. All or some of the new beam indices may be provided or not provided in the instruction. For example, if N=4 is requested and new beam #5 is requested, the lower layer may specify the quality of new beam #5, and may further select three other new beams and specify the quality of those three new beams.

[0234] Figure 6C shows an example of Option 4. When an event is triggered, the upper layer provides instructions to the lower layer, including N=4 and a request for the quality of new beam #3. In response to that request, the lower layer provides instructions / responses to the upper layer, including the quality of N=4 new beams, including new beam #3. The instructions from the lower layer to the upper layer may further include the indices of the N=4 new beams, or the indices of the three new beams other than new beam #3.

[0235] <<Analysis>> In order to avoid the procedure of Embodiment #2, it is preferable in Embodiment #1 to provide the quality of all new beams to the upper layer. However, the cost of information from the lower layer to the upper layer becomes frequent and large. On the other hand, if the quality of all new beams is not provided to the upper layer in Embodiment #1, after an event is triggered, the upper layer will need to request more information from the lower layer for beam reporting.

[0236] <<Other>> In UCI-based reporting, the upper layer only needs to send an event-triggered instruction that [has or does not have at least one of the event ID and reporting setting ID].

[0237] According to this embodiment, the UE can provide appropriate instructions from higher layers to lower layers regarding events for measurement / reporting.

[0238] <Variations> At least one of Embodiment #1 and Embodiment #2 may be applied to at least one of MIMO for [Rel. 19 and later] and event-triggered beam reporting for mobility for [Rel. 19 and later].

[0239] For the UEIBR for MIMO [from Rel. 19 onwards] and the event-triggered beam reporting for mobility [from Rel. 19 onwards], different embodiments in Embodiment #1 and Embodiment #2 may be applied, or different options in at least one of Embodiment #1 and Embodiment #2 may be applied.

[0240] For modes A and B of the UEIB for MIMO [Rel. 19 and later], different embodiments in Embodiment #1 and Embodiment #2 may be applied, or different options in at least one of Embodiment #1 and Embodiment #2 may be applied.

[0241] <<Analysis>> For event-triggered beam reporting for mobility [Rel. 19 and later], option 1 of embodiment #1 may be applied.

[0242] For UEIBRs for MIMO [Rel. 19 and later], if a counter / timer is defined in the upper layer specification, the UCI is used for reporting, so the upper layer may send a triggering instruction to the lower layer simply by instructing the upper layer to send a new beam index that satisfies the event, so that the upper layer counts within the timer (options 2-2 / 2-3 of Embodiment #1).

[0243] Since the difference between modes A and B of the UEIB for MIMO [from Rel. 19 onwards] is mainly after the event is triggered, the same options in at least one of Embodiment #1 and Embodiment #2 may apply to modes A and B.

[0244] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0245] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0246] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0247] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0248] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW of at least one of the following QCL rules: ◆ QCL Type A ◆ QCL Type B ◆ QCL Type C ◆ QCL Type D

[0249] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: ◆SSB ◆CSI-RS with / without repetition ◆TRS ◆DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH

[0250] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: ◆ Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE ◆ Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells ◆ Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG)

[0251] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LPP messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0252] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0253] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0254] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0255] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: ◆ A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is instructed / specified / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; ◆ A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; ◆ The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0256] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may represent at least one of the following: ◆ Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; ◆ The capability of each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each option in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple options in each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each choice in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple choices in each embodiment.

[0257] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0258] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0259] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0260] Information regarding whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: ◆ The information is set by one or more higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is determined by one or more relevant higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is indicated by MAC CE / DCI. ◆ The information is determined based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆ The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is based on conditions described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is determined by a combination of several of the above methods. For example, the information is determined by the setting / indication of higher layer parameters / MAC CE / DCIs and reported by UE capabilities.

[0261] The above multiple embodiments / options / choices may be combined into a single embodiment / option / choice.

[0262] In the embodiments described above, the measured RS may be a QCL source RS in an active TCI state / indicated / unified TCI state.

[0263] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure [for MIMO UEIBR]: <Note 1> A terminal having a receiving unit that receives one or more beams from one or more current beams and one or more new beams, and a control unit that performs a lower layer and an upper layer, wherein the lower layer provides the upper layer with instructions including at least one of the measurement results of the one or more beams, the index of the one or more beams, an event ID, and a report setting ID, and the upper layer controls the transmission of reports for the one or more beams based on the instructions. <Note 2> The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the upper layer evaluates whether the event has occurred based on the instructions, and controls the transmission of the report based on the evaluation. <Note 3> The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the lower layer evaluates whether the event has occurred based on the measurement results of the one or more beams, and if the event has occurred, provides the instructions to the upper layer. <Note 4> The terminal described in any of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the upper layer provides the lower layer with a request for measurement results of some beams from the one or more current beams and the one or more new beams based on the instructions, the lower layer provides the upper layer with measurement results of the some beams based on the request, and the upper layer controls the transmission of the report based on the measurement results of the some beams. <Supplement> The terminal may be a user terminal 20. The receiving unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 220. The control unit may be a control unit 210.

[0264] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure [for a UEIBR for mobility]: <Note 1> A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives one or more beams from one or more serving cell beams and one or more candidate cell beams; and a control unit that performs lower layers and upper layers, wherein the lower layer provides the upper layer with instructions including at least one of the measurement results of the one or more beams, the index of the one or more beams, an event ID, and a report setting ID; and the upper layer controls the transmission of reports for the one or more beams based on the instructions. <Note 2> The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the upper layer evaluates whether the event has occurred based on the instructions, and controls the transmission of the reports based on the evaluation. <Note 3> The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the lower layer evaluates whether the event has occurred based on the measurement results of the one or more beams, and if the event has occurred, provides the instructions to the upper layer. <Note 4> The terminal described in any of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the upper layer provides the lower layer with a request for measurement results of some beams from among the beams of the one or more serving cells and the beams of the one or more candidate cells, based on the instructions, the lower layer provides the upper layer with measurement results of the some beams, and the upper layer controls the transmission of the report based on the measurement results of the some beams. <Supplement> The terminal may be a user terminal 20. The receiving unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 220. The control unit may be a control unit 210.

[0265] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0266] Figure 7 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0267] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0268] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0269] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0270] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0271] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0272] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0273] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0274] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0275] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0276] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0277] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0278] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0279] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0280] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0281] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0282] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0283] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0284] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0285] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0286] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0287] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0288] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0289] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0290] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0291] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0292] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0293] (Base Station) Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0294] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0295] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0296] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0297] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0298] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0299] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0300] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0301] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0302] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0303] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0304] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0305] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0306] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0307] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0308] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0309] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0310] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0311] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0312] (User Terminal) Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0313] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0314] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0315] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0316] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0317] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0318] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0319] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0320] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0321] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0322] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0323] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0324] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0325] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0326] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0327] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0328] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0329] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0330] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0331] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0332] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0333] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0334] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0335] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0336] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0337] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0338] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0339] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0340] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0341] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0342] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0343] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0344] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0345] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0346] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0347] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0348] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0349] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0350] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0351] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0352] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0353] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0354] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0355] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0356] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0357] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0358] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0359] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0360] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0361] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0362] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0363] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0364] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0365] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0366] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0367] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0368] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0369] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0370] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0371] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0372] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0373] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0374] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0375] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0376] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0377] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0378] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0379] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0380] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0381] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0382] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0383] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0384] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0385] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0386] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0387] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0388] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0389] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0390] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0391] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0392] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0393] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0394] Figure 11 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0395] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0396] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0397] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0398] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0399] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0400] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0401] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0402] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0403] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0404] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0405] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0406] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0407] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0408] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0409] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0410] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0411] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0412] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0413] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0414] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0415] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0416] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0417] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0418] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0419] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0420] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0421] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0422] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0423] In the present disclosure, for example, when articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the present disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0424] In the present disclosure, terms such as "hereinafter", "less than", "more than", "more", "equal to", etc. may be read interchangeably with each other. Also, in the present disclosure, words such as "good", "bad", "big", "small", "high", "low", "fast", "slow", "wide", "narrow", etc. may be read interchangeably with each other not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Further, in the present disclosure, words such as "good", "bad", "big", "small", "high", "low", "fast", "slow", "wide", "narrow", etc. may be read interchangeably with each other not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees as expressions with "(the) i-th" (where i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be read interchangeably with "(the) i-th highest").

[0425] In the present disclosure, terms such as "of", "for", "regarding", "related to", "associated with", etc. may be read interchangeably with each other.

[0426] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "when A, B", "if A, (then) B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", "B until A", etc. may be read as each other. Here, A, B, etc. may be appropriately replaced with suitable expressions such as nouns, gerunds, normal sentences, etc. according to the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately 0 (immediately before or after). Also, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be read as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on the notified information.

[0427] In the present disclosure, timing, time, hour, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, sub - slot, symbol, sub - frame), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read as each other.

[0428] As described above, the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail. However, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for the purpose of illustrative explanation and does not bring any restrictive meaning to the invention according to the present disclosure.

[0429] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024 - 194282 filed on November 6, 2024. The entire content is incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives one or more beams from among the beams of one or more serving cells and the beams of one or more candidate cells; and a control unit that performs lower layers and upper layers, wherein the lower layer provides the upper layer with instructions including at least one of the measurement results of the one or more beams, the index of the one or more beams, an event ID, and a report setting ID; and the upper layer controls the transmission of reports for the one or more beams based on the instructions.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the upper layer evaluates whether the event has occurred based on the instruction and controls the transmission of the report based on the evaluation.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the lower layer evaluates whether the event has occurred based on the measurement results of one or more beams, and if the event has occurred, provides the instruction to the upper layer.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the upper layer provides the lower layer with a request for measurement results of some beams from among the beams of the one or more serving cells and the beams of the one or more candidate cells, based on the instructions; the lower layer provides the upper layer with measurement results of the some beams, based on the request; and the upper layer controls the transmission of the report based on the measurement results of the some beams.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving one or more beams from among the beams of one or more serving cells and the beams of one or more candidate cells; and performing lower layer and upper layer steps, wherein the lower layer provides the upper layer with instructions including at least one of the measurement results of the one or more beams, the index of the one or more beams, an event ID, and a report setting ID; and the upper layer controls the transmission of reports for the one or more beams based on the instructions.

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