Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives a cross-link interference (CLI) measurement resource configuration indicating continuous or discontinuous resource allocation of time domain resources or frequency domain resources; and a control unit that controls CLI measurement on the basis of the CLI measurement resource configuration. According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to suitably perform measurement / reporting of CLI.

Description

Terminal, Wireless Communication Method, and Base Station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for the purpose of achieving further high-speed data rates, low latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified for the purpose of further increasing capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0, "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)", April 2010

[0005] Various sensing methods are being considered for future wireless communication systems. For example, a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) / base station (e.g., gNB) could transmit sensing resources to the base station / UE via a target. Furthermore, there is a risk of cross-link interference (CLI) occurring from communication signals / sensing signals transmitted and received by one UE / gNB to communication signals / sensing signals transmitted and received by another UE / gNB.

[0006] However, details regarding how CLI measurement and reporting will be performed remain unclear. If these are not adequately considered, it could lead to a decrease in sensing accuracy and communication quality.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately measure and report CLI.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of this disclosure is characterized by having a receiving unit that receives cross-link interference (CLI) measurement resource settings indicating continuous or discontinuous resource allocation of time-domain resources or frequency-domain resources, and a control unit that controls CLI measurement based on the CLI measurement resource settings.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, CLI can be measured and reported appropriately.

[0010] Figure 1A shows an example of monostatic sensing in BS. Figure 1B shows an example of monostatic sensing in UE. Figures 2A to 2D show examples of bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing. Figure 3 shows an example of CLI. Figure 4 shows the RRC settings for CLI measurement in Rel. 16. Figure 5 shows the CSI reporting settings for Rel. 18. Figures 6A to 6C show examples of interference in gNB monostatic sensing. Figures 7A to 7C show examples of interference in UE monostatic sensing. Figures 8A to 8C show examples of interference in gNB-gNB bistatic sensing. Figures 9A to 9D show examples of interference in UE-UE bistatic sensing. Figures 10A to 10D show examples of interference in gNB-UE bistatic sensing. Figures 11A to 11C show examples of interference in bistatic sensing between UE and gNB. Figure 12 shows an example of option 1 of embodiment 2-1. Figure 13 shows an example of option 2 of embodiment 2-1. Figure 14 shows an example of option 1 of embodiment 2-2. Figure 15 shows an example of option 2 of embodiment 2-2. Figure 16 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 17 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 18 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 19 shows an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 20 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] (Wireless Sensing Technology) Sensing technologies using wireless technology (wireless sensing technology, object detection, etc.) are being investigated. Wireless sensing technology is thought to have the following advantages compared to other sensing technologies: - While sensing using moving images or infrared light is only applicable in specific directions, wireless sensing technology has no directional restrictions and can take advantage of features such as diffraction. - Compared to moving image capture functions, wireless sensing technology can be implemented at a lower cost.

[0012] Wireless sensing technology allows for the collection of sensing results at base stations (BS), and the collected information can be used to create advanced cyberspace or to provide feedback to the real world.

[0013] (Integrated Sensing and Communications: ISAC) The motivation for ISAC is to achieve high sensing performance and novel / enhanced services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and potential requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address multiple different target industries / applications are being considered, and some use cases may include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, cameras).

[0014] Use cases include, for example, intruder detection in smart home environments, sensing for railway (train) intrusion detection, flood sensing in smart cities, and sensing for traffic management in tourist areas.

[0015] ISAC (Information-Assisted Communication) is being considered, specifically sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication includes sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing includes network sensing and coordinated sensing. To realize these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) operating radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are being considered. In addition, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC, such as higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing, are being considered.

[0016] In ISAC, challenges include unified waveforms that simultaneously satisfy the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously achieves communication (e.g., transmitted signals, received signals), sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmitted signals, reflected signals), and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI, which extracts sensing information from channel information of communication (e.g., UL transmitted signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals) using an AI / DL network.

[0017] Based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bands, three types of radar and communication systems are considered. These three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). The following discussion will focus on ISAC systems, where hardware and bands are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0018] Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BS and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radar, where one radar transmits a radar signal and that radar receives echoes from the sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radar, where one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from the sensing target.

[0019] <Sensing Methods> In the ISAC system, sensing may be implemented by, for example, the following six methods. In this disclosure, the target (sensing object) may be a person, an animal, or an object (e.g., a car, rain, other obstacles, etc.). The target may differ depending on the use case.

[0020] [Sensing Method 1] Monostatic sensing in BS (gNB).

[0021] Figure 1A shows an example of monostatic sensing in a BS (Sensing System). In this example, the sensing transceiver is the BS. The sensing transceiver transmits a sensing signal / ISAC signal (DL signal) and receives an echo signal (UL signal) from the target. The BS may also transmit a communication signal / ISAC signal to the UE (User Environment). The UE may receive the communication signal / ISAC signal from the BS and feed the reception results back to the BS.

[0022] [Sensing Method 2] Monostatic sensing in UE.

[0023] Figure 1B shows an example of monostatic sensing in a UE. In this example, the sensing transceiver is the UE. The sensing transceiver transmits a sensing signal / ISAC signal (UL signal) and receives an echo signal (DL signal) from the target. The UE transmits the communication signal / ISAC signal to the BS. The BS receives the communication signal / ISAC signal from the UE and may feed the reception result back to the UE.

[0024] Suitable scenarios for sensing methods 1 and 2 include sensing targets close to the sensing transceiver (BS or UE), high or moderate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the echo signal, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. Capability requirements for sensing methods 1 and 2 include full-duplex (high requirement) at the BS or UE. Sensing performance for sensing methods 1 and 2 includes high accuracy without quantization, accuracy related to the SNR of the echo signal, and low latency.

[0025] The following sensing methods 3 to 6 relate to bistatic sensing and multistatic sensing in BS / UE. A sensing transmitter transmits a communication signal, and a sensing receiver receives the signal affected by the target. In this example, the sensing transmitter is a BS or UE, and the sensing receiver is a linked BS or linked UE.

[0026] [Sensing Method 3] Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between BS(gNB) and BS(gNB).

[0027] The example in Figure 2A is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between BS(gNB) and BS(gNB). Signal transmission (DL) is performed at one base station, and echo / reflection (UL) sensing from the target is performed at another base station.

[0028] Scenarios suitable for sensing method 3 include extremely tight synchronization between multiple BS or multiple UEs, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. The capability requirements for sensing method 3 include half-duplex (low requirement) and synchronization between multiple BS or multiple UEs (high requirement). The sensing performance of sensing method 3 includes high accuracy without quantization, accuracy related to synchronization error, and moderate latency.

[0029] [Sensing Method 4] Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between UE and BS (gNB).

[0030] The example in Figure 2B is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between a UE and a BS (gNB). Signal transmission (UL) is performed on the UE side, and echo / reflection (UL) sensing from the target is performed on the base station side. This signal / echo / reflection may also be called a UL sensing resource.

[0031] [Sensing Method 5] Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between BS (gNB) and UE.

[0032] The example in Figure 2C is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between a base station (gNB) and a user interface (UE). Signal transmission (DL) is performed at the base station, and echo / reflection (DL) sensing from the target is performed at the UE. This signal / echo / reflection may also be called a DL sensing resource.

[0033] [Sensing Method 6] Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between UEs.

[0034] The example in Figure 2D is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between two UEs. Signal transmission (UL) is performed on one UE, and echo / reflection (DL) sensing from the target is performed on the other UE.

[0035] Scenarios suitable for sensing methods 4-6 include communication UEs surrounding the object to be sensed. The capability requirements for sensing methods 4-6 are half-duplex (low requirement) and UEs with high computing resources (high requirement). The capability requirements for sensing methods 5 and 6 may further include detection of UEs with high computing resources / reflected signals (high requirement). The sensing performance of sensing methods 4-6 includes moderate accuracy due to quantization of feedback values, accuracy related to the deployed resources and UE location, and high latency.

[0036] The echo / reflection signal may be an echo / reflection signal of a communication signal, or an echo / reflection signal of a radar signal.

[0037] The sensing method in this disclosure may be at least one of the sensing methods 1 to 6 described above. Multiple sensing methods may require different capabilities regarding UE / BS. The sensing signal may be a signal for the sensing function.

[0038] The sensing signal may be at least one of a communication signal and a communication waveform. The sensing signal may also be a signal in a communication system that includes at least one waveform of CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM. The signal may be at least one of, for example, PRS, SRS, CSI-RS, SSB, PDSCH, or PUSCH.

[0039] The sensing signal may be at least one of a radar signal and a radar waveform. The sensing signal may also be a signal in a radar system that includes at least one of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), linear frequency modulation (LFM), and chirp waveform (CW).

[0040] The sensing signal may be at least one of an ISAC signal and an ISAC waveform. The UE may be a terminal with communication capabilities. The sensing target may or may not have communication capabilities.

[0041] In 5G wireless sensing, the 5G system (5GS) function provides the ability to obtain information about at least one of the characteristics of the environment and the objects in the environment using NR RF signals. The information may include at least one of shape, size, speed, position, distance, and relative movement between multiple objects. In some cases, the 5GS function may provide the ability to obtain information predefined in EPC / E-UTRA.

[0042] A sensing transmitter may be an entity that sends sensing signals used by a sensing service in its operation. The sensing transmitter may be an NR radio access network (RAN) node or a UE. The sensing transmitter may be located within the same entity as the sensing receiver or within a different entity from the sensing receiver.

[0043] A sensing receiver may be an entity that receives sensing signals used by a sensing service in its operation. The sensing receiver may be an NR RAN node or a UE. The sensing receiver may be located within the same entity as the sensing transmitter or within a different entity from the sensing transmitter.

[0044] A sensing group may be a set of one or more UEs that support a sensing operation. The positions of all UEs in the set of UEs may be known. The sensing measurement data of the set of UEs may be collected simultaneously.

[0045] Sensing measurement data may be data collected about radio / wireless signals affected by an object or environment for sensing purposes.

[0046] The sensing measurement process in the present disclosure may be a process of collecting sensing measurement data.

[0047] The sensing result (measurement result) in the present disclosure may be information derived from the processing of sensing measurement data. For example, the sensing result may be a characteristic of an object or an environment.

[0048] The sensing type in the present disclosure may include any of monostatic, monostatic with cooperation (of two or more transceivers), bistatic, bistatic with cooperation (of two or more receivers), multistatic, passive sensing.

[0049] (Cross-link interference in a communication system) In conventional NR, in dynamic TDD / sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) operation, gNB-to-gNB cross-link interference (CL) and UE-to-UE CL have been utilized.

[0050] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of CL. In the example of FIG. 3, the DL transmitted by gNB1 to UE1 and the UL transmitted by UE2a / 2B to gNB2 interfere with each other. That is, UE-UE interference (interference from UL to DL) and gNB-gNB interference (interference from DL to UL) occur respectively.

[0051] <UE-to-UE CL> In Rel. 16, measurement and reporting of layer 3 UE-to-UE CL are supported. In Rel. 18, in the self-interference (SI) of duplex evolution in Rel. 18, the possibility of extending UE-to-UE CL measurement and reporting is being studied. The possibility of extension is layer 1 / 2 CL measurement and reporting. In the example of FIG. 3, UE-UE interference (interference from UL to DL) is applicable.

[0052] <gNB-to-gNB CL> In Rel. 15 / 16 / 17, gNB-to-gNB CL measurement and reporting are not supported. In the duplex evolution SI of Rel. 18, gNB-to-gNB CL measurement and reporting are being studied. In the example of FIG. 3, gNB-gNB interference (interference from DL to UL) is applicable.

[0053] <Rel. 16 Inter-UE CLI> Rel. 16NR supports inter-UE CLI measurement and reporting. Inter-UE CLI measurements include SRS RSRP or CLI RSSI.

[0054] SRS-RSRP is defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in watts) of resource elements transmitting sounding reference signals (SRS). SRS-RSRP must be measured over a set of resource elements within a considered measurement frequency bandwidth within a set measurement time.

[0055] The CLI Received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) is defined as the linear average of the total received power (in watts) observed from all sources, including serving and non-serving cells on the same channel, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc., within a set measurement bandwidth, using only the set OFDM symbols for the set measurement time resource.

[0056] <gNB Inter-CLI> For Rel. 16 CLI measurements and reports, Layer 3 CLI reports are supported. CLI measurement resources are configured.

[0057] Figure 4 shows the RRC settings for CLI measurement in Rel. 16. As shown in Figure 4, the CLI measurement resource settings (CLI-ResourceConfig-r16) and the CLI-RSSI resource settings (RSSI-ResourceConfigCLI-r16) are included in a single RRC information element (MeasObjectCLI-r16).

[0058] Figure 5 shows the CSI reporting configuration for Rel. 18. In the dual evolutionary SI of Rel. 18, if Layer 1 / 2 CLI measurement and reporting are supported, they may be configured similarly to the existing CSI framework. As shown in Figure 5, in the existing CSI framework, the CSI reporting configuration includes a CSI resource configuration ID (CSI-ResourceConfigId) and is associated with the CSI resource configuration. Similarly, the CLI reporting framework may be configured such that the CLI reporting configuration and CLI measurement resources are associated.

[0059] (Sensing Interference) Sensing interference for each sensing method is described below. In this disclosure, interference from sensing signals / communication signals transmitted / received by one UE / gNB to sensing signals / communication signals transmitted / received by the same UE / gNB is called self interference (SI). Interference from sensing signals / communication signals transmitted / received by one UE / gNB to sensing signals / communication signals transmitted / received by another UE / gNB is called cross-link interference (CLI).

[0060] In this disclosure, "gNB / UE SI", "SI", and "gNB / UE internal reception-receive interference" may be interpreted as interchangeable. "Type XX" and "Type-XX" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0061] <Interference in gNB Monostatic Sensing> Figures 6A to 6C show examples of interference in gNB monostatic sensing.

[0062] Figure 6A shows an example of interference between a communication signal and a sensing signal in gNB monostatic sensing. Type-0A SI (internal gNB reception-receive interference) is interference from a communication signal (UL) received by the gNB to a sensing signal received by the gNB. Type-1A gNB SI is interference from a communication signal (DL) transmitted by the gNB to a sensing signal received by the gNB. Type-2A inter-gNB CLI is interference from a communication signal (DL) transmitted by the attacking gNB2 to a sensing signal received by the victimized gNB1.

[0063] Figure 6B shows an example of interference between a communication signal and a sensing signal in gNB monostatic sensing. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 6A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type-0B SI (internal gNB reception-receive interference) is interference from the sensing signal received by the gNB to the communication signal (UL) received by the gNB. Type-1B gNB SI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the gNB to the communication signal (UL) received by the gNB. Type-2B inter-gNB CLI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking gNB2 to the communication signal (UL) received by the victimized gNB.

[0064] Figure 6C shows an example of interference between sensing signals in gNB monostatic sensing. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 6A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type-1C SI (intra-gNB SI) is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by a gNB to the sensing signal received by that gNB. Type-2C inter-gNB CLI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking gNB2 to the sensing signal received by the victimized gNB1.

[0065] <Interference in UE Monostatic Sensing> Figures 7A to 7C show examples of interference in UE monostatic sensing.

[0066] Figure 7A shows an example of interference between a communication signal and a sensing signal in UE monostatic sensing. Type 0A SI (UE-to-UE receive-receive interference) is interference between a communication signal (DL) received by a UE and a sensing signal received by a UE. Type 1A UE SI is interference from a communication signal (UL) transmitted by a UE to a sensing signal received by a UE. Type 2A UE-to-UE CLI is interference from a communication signal (UL) transmitted by attacking UE2 to a sensing signal received by victimized UE1.

[0067] Figure 7B shows an example of interference between a sensing signal and a communication signal in UE monostatic sensing. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 7A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type 0B SI (UE intra-received interference) is interference from a sensing signal received by a UE to a communication signal (DL) received by a UE. Type 1B UE SI is interference from a sensing signal transmitted by a UE to a communication signal (DL) received by a UE. Type 2B UE inter-CLI is interference from a sensing signal transmitted by attacking UE2 to a communication signal (DL) received by victimized UE1.

[0068] Figure 7C shows an example of interference between sensing signals in UE monostatic sensing. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 7A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type 1C UE SI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the UE to the sensing signal received by the UE. Type 2C UE-to-UE CLI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking UE2 to the sensing signal received by the victimized UE1.

[0069] <Interference in bistatic sensing between gNBs> Figures 8A to 8C show examples of interference in bistatic sensing between gNBs.

[0070] Figure 8A shows an example of interference between a communication signal and a sensing signal in bistatic sensing between gNBs. Type 0A SI (inter-gNB receive-receive interference) is interference from the communication signal (UL) received by the gNB to the sensing signal received by the gNB. Type 1A gNB SI is interference from the communication signal (DL) transmitted by the gNB to the sensing signal received by the gNB. Type 2A inter-gNB CLI is interference from the communication signal (DL) transmitted by the attacking gNB3 to the sensing signal received by the victimized gNB2.

[0071] Figure 8B shows an example of interference between a sensing signal and a communication signal in bistatic sensing between gNBs. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 8A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type-0B SI (internal NB reception-receive interference) is interference from the sensing signal received by the gNB to the communication signal (UL) received by the gNB. Type 1B SI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the gNB to the communication signal (UL) received by the gNB. Type 2B inter-NB CLI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking gNB1 to the communication signal (UL) received by the victimized gNB2.

[0072] Figure 8C shows an example of interference between sensing signals in bistatic sensing between gNBs. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 8A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type 2C inter-gNB CLI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking gNB3 to the sensing signal received by the victimized gNB2.

[0073] <Interference in Bistatic Sensing Between UEs> Figures 9A to 9D show examples of interference in bistatic sensing between UEs.

[0074] Figures 9A and 9B show examples of interference between communication signals and sensing signals in UE-to-UE bistatic sensing. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 9A, so the illustration in Figure 9B is omitted. Type 0A UE SI (UE intra-receive-receive interference) is interference from a communication signal (DL) received by a UE to a sensing signal received by a UE. Type 1A UE SI is interference from a communication signal (UL) transmitted by a UE to a sensing signal received by a UE. Type 2A UE-to-UE CLI is interference from a communication signal (UL) transmitted by attacking UE3 to a sensing signal received by victimized UE2.

[0075] Figure 9C shows an example of interference between a sensing signal and a communication signal in bistatic sensing between UEs. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 9A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type 0B SI (UE intra-received interference) is interference from a sensing signal received by a UE to a communication signal (DL) received by a UE. Type 1B UE SI is interference from a sensing signal transmitted by a UE to a communication signal (DL) received by a UE. Type 2B UE-to-UE CLI is interference from a sensing signal transmitted by attacking UE1 to a communication signal (DL) received by victimized UE3.

[0076] Figure 9D shows an example of interference between sensing signals in UE-UE bistatic sensing. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 9A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type 2C UE-to-UE CLI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking UE3 to the sensing signal received by the victimized UE2.

[0077] <Interference in bistatic sensing between gNB and UE> Figures 10A to 10D show examples of interference in bistatic sensing between gNB and UE.

[0078] Figures 10A and 10B illustrate examples of interference between communication signals and sensing signals in bistatic sensing between gNB and UE. Type 0A SI (UE intra-receive-receive interference) is interference from communication signals (DL) received by the UE to sensing signals received by the UE. Type 1A UE SI is interference from communication signals (UL) transmitted by the UE to sensing signals received by the UE. Type 2A inter-UE CLI is interference from communication signals (UL) transmitted by the attacking UE to sensing signals received by the victimized UE.

[0079] Figures 10C and 10D show examples of interference between the sensing signal and the communication signal in bistatic sensing between a gNB and a UE. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 10A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type 0B SI (UE internal reception-reception interference) is interference from the sensing signal received by the UE to the communication signal (DL) received by the UE. Type 1B gNB SI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the gNB to the communication signal (UL) received by the gNB. Type 2B inter-gNB CLI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking gNB1 to the communication signal (UL) received by the victimized gNB2.

[0080] <Interference in bistatic sensing between UE and gNB> Figures 11A to 11C show examples of interference in bistatic sensing between UE and gNB.

[0081] Figure 11A shows an example of interference between a communication signal and a sensing signal in bistatic sensing between a UE and a gNB. Type 0A SI (internal gNB receive-receive interference) is interference from a communication signal (UL) received by the gNB to a sensing signal received by the gNB. Type 1A gNB SI is interference from a communication signal (DL) transmitted by the gNB to a sensing signal received by the gNB. Type 2A inter-gNB CLI is interference from a communication signal (DL) transmitted by an attacking gNB to a sensing signal received by a victimized gNB.

[0082] Figures 11B and 11C show examples of interference between the sensing signal and the communication signal in bistatic sensing between a UE and a gNB. The arrow notation is the same as in Figure 11A, so it is omitted from the illustration. Type 0B SI (internal gNB reception-receive interference) is interference from the sensing signal received by the gNB to the communication signal (UL) received by the gNB. Type 1B UE SI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the UE to the communication signal (DL) received by the UE. Type 2B inter-UE CLI is interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking UE to the communication signal (DL) received by the victimized UE.

[0083] <Type A> Type A refers to interference from communication (communication signals) to sensing (sensing signals). Specifically, Type A includes the following types:

[0084] <<Type 0A>> Type 0A UE / gNB internal reception-reception interference (interference from the received communication signal to the received sensing signal). ・Type 0A gNB internal reception-reception interference: Interference from the communication signal received by the gNB to the sensing signal received by the gNB. ・Type 0A UE internal reception-reception interference: Interference from the communication signal received by the UE to the sensing signal received by the UE.

[0085] <<Type 1A>> Type 1A SI (Interference from transmitted communication signals to received sensing signals). ・Type 1A gNB SI: Interference from communication signals transmitted by a gNB to sensing signals received by a gNB. ・Type 1A UE SI: Interference from communication signals transmitted by a UE to sensing signals received by a UE.

[0086] <<Type 2A (Type 2A CLI)>> ・Type 2A inter-gNB CLI: Interference between communication signals transmitted by the attacking gNB and sensing signals received by the victimized gNB. ・Type 2A inter-UE CLI: Interference between communication signals transmitted by the attacking UE and sensing signals received by the victimized UE.

[0087] <<Consideration of Interference Mitigation Methods>> Type 0A gNB / UE in-receive-receive interference may be mitigated / reduced / avoided by time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time and frequency division multiplexing (T-FDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), or code division multiplexing (CDM) methods for communication and sensing channels / signals.

[0088] The SI of a Type 1A gNB / UE may be mitigated, reduced, or avoided by at least one of the following: performing half-duplex operation on the gNB / UE side, or applying a TDM / FDM / T-FDM / SDM / CDM scheme to the communication and sensing channels / signals.

[0089] Type 2A inter-gNB / inter-UE CLI may be mitigated by appropriate sensing / communication resource allocation between gNBs and UEs. However, given the different sensing methods in ISAC systems and the possibility of dynamic / semi-static sensing / communication resource allocation, Type 2A inter-gNB / inter-UE CLI may still exist.

[0090] <Type B> Type B refers to interference from sensing (sensing signals) to communication (communication signals). Specifically, Type B includes the following types:

[0091] <<Type 0B>> Type 0B UE / gNB internal reception-reception interference (interference from the received sensing signal to the received communication signal). ・Type 0B gNB internal reception-reception interference: Interference from the sensing signal received by the gNB to the communication signal received by the gNB. ・Type 0B UE internal reception-reception interference: Interference from the sensing signal received by the UE to the communication signal received by the UE.

[0092] <<Type 1B>> Type 1B SI (Interference from transmitted sensing signals to received communication signals). ・Type 1B gNB SI: Interference from sensing signals transmitted by a gNB to communication signals received by a gNB. ・Type 1B UE SI: Interference from sensing signals transmitted by a UE to communication signals received by a UE.

[0093] <<Type 2B (Type 2B CLI)>> ・Type 2B inter-gNB CLI: Interference between the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking gNB and the communication signal received by the victimized gNB. ・Type 2B inter-UE CLI: Interference between the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking UE and the communication signal received by the victimized UE.

[0094] <<Consideration of Interference Mitigation Methods>> Type 0B gNB / UE in-receive-receive interference may be mitigated / reduced / avoided by TDM / FDM / T-FDM / SDM / CDM methods for communication and sensing channels / signals.

[0095] The SI of a Type 1B gNB / UE may be mitigated, reduced, or avoided by at least one of the following: performing half-duplex operation on the gNB / UE side, or applying a TDM / FDM / T-FDM / SDM / CDM scheme to the communication and sensing channels / signals.

[0096] Type 2B inter-gNB / inter-UE CLI may be mitigated by appropriate sensing / communication resource allocation between gNBs and UEs. However, given the different sensing methods in ISAC systems and the possibility of dynamic or semi-static sensing / communication resource allocation, Type 2B inter-gNB / inter-UE CLI may still exist.

[0097] <Type C> Type C refers to interference from one sensing (sensing signal) to another. Specifically, Type C includes the following types:

[0098] Type 1C SI (Interference from transmitted sensing signal to received sensing signal). Type 1C gNB SI: Interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the gNB to the sensing signal received by the gNB. Type 1C UE SI: Interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the UE to the sensing signal received by the UE.

[0099] Type 2C CLI. • Type 2C inter-gNB CLI: Interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking gNB to the sensing signal received by the victimized gNB. • Type 2C inter-UE CLI: Interference from the sensing signal transmitted by the attacking UE to the sensing signal received by the victimized UE.

[0100] <<Consideration of interference mitigation methods>> Type 1C gNB / UE SI may be mitigated, reduced, or avoided by performing half-duplex operation on the gNB / UE side, or by applying TDM / FDM / T-FDM / SDM / CDM methods to the communication and sensing channels / signals.

[0101] Type 2C inter-gNB / inter-UE CLIs may be mitigated by appropriate sensing / communication resource allocation between gNBs and UEs. However, given the different sensing methods in ISAC systems and the possibility of dynamic sensing / communication resource allocation, Type 2C inter-gNB / inter-UE CLIs may still exist.

[0102] (Analysis) As mentioned above, various sensing methods are being considered for future wireless communication systems. For example, it is conceivable that a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) / base station (e.g., gNB) could transmit sensing resources to the base station / UE via the target. Furthermore, there is a risk of cross-link interference (CLI) occurring from communication signals / sensing signals transmitted and received by one UE / gNB to communication signals / sensing signals transmitted and received by another UE / gNB.

[0103] However, details regarding how CLI measurement and reporting will be performed remain unclear. If these are not adequately considered, it could lead to a decrease in sensing accuracy and communication quality.

[0104] For example, type 2A / 2B / 2C gNB / UE inter-CLI may not be sufficiently avoided or mitigated by simply applying half-duplex operation on the gNB / UE side and TDM / FDM / T-FDM / SDM / CDM methods for communication and sensing. Therefore, it is advisable to appropriately acquire interference level measurement results and take action based on the interference level. For type 2A / 2B / 2C gNB / UE inter-CLI, at least one of the following issues may be considered.

[0105] <Problem 1> As described above, Type 2A / 2C CLI is interference to the sensing signal / channel, while Type 2BC CLI is interference to the communication channel / signal. Considering the different receiving processing procedures / measurement criteria / requirements for handling the communication channel / signal and the sensing channel / signal, the sensitivity to interference may differ between the receiving communication channel / signal and the sensing channel / signal.

[0106] Furthermore, considering that the scheduling status of sensing and communication resources may differ, and that the allocation of sensing / communication resources may also differ, the interference levels between received sensing and received communications may vary.

[0107] Therefore, appropriate inter-UE CLI measurement / reporting may be required for both sensing CLI and communication CLI.

[0108] <Problem 2> In conventional TDD communication systems, CLI measurements between UEs are performed using DL / flexible symbols / sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) symbols in the DL subband. On the other hand, in ISAC systems, non-overlapping sensing and communication resources are divided into, for example, TDM / FDM / T-FDM sensing and communication resources.

[0109] For example, the characteristics of sensing resources may depend on the method of partitioning sensing and communication resources (e.g., TDM / FDM / T-FDM). The partitioning method may also be considered in the design of CLI measurement resources. For instance, CLI measurements of sensing resources may require support for continuous / discontinuous time / frequency domain resources.

[0110] <Issue 3> Detailed consideration has not been given to the spatial domain design for the measurement and reporting of Type 2A / 2C CLI.

[0111] For example, in communications, a stable beam is used for a specific UE's communication channel / signal. Beam sweeping may be necessary if the sensing gNB / UE does not know the (approximate) location of the target, or if multi-static sensing is applied.

[0112] Therefore, measurement and report design that takes spatial domains (beams) into consideration may be required.

[0113] Based on the above, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately measure and report CLI.

[0114] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0115] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0116] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0117] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0118] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0119] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0120] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0121] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0122] In this disclosure, beam, spatial domain filter, spatial setting, TCI state, TCI state pool, multiple TCI states, UL TCI state, unified TCI state, unified beam, common TCI state, common beam, QCL assumption, QCL parameter, spatial domain receive filter, UE spatial domain receive filter, UE receive beam, DL beam, DL receive beam, DL precoding, DL precoder, DL-RS, RS of QCL type D for TCI state / QCL assumption, RS of QCL type A for TCI state / QCL assumption, spatial relationship, spatial domain transmit filter, UE spatial domain transmit filter, UE transmit beam, UL beam, UL transmit beam, UL precoding, UL precoder, and PL-RS may be interpreted as one another. In this disclosure, QCL type X-RS, DL-RS associated with QCL type X, DL-RS having QCL type X, source of DL-RS, SSB, CSI-RS, and SRS may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0123] In this disclosure, the sensing transmitter may be a BS / UE / wireless communication device. In this disclosure, the sensing receiver may be a BS / UE / wireless communication device. In this disclosure, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be a single BS / UE / sensing transceiver / wireless communication device.

[0124] In this disclosure, the terms "sensing object," "object," "target," "non-UE target," "UE target," and "sensing object" may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, a sensing object may or may not have communication capabilities. In this disclosure, a sensing object may include a UE. In this disclosure, the terms UE target, communication-capable target, target device, and UE may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms "non-UE target" and "non-communication-capable target" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0125] In this disclosure, echo signals, impacted signals, reflected signals, refracted signals, diffracted signals, signals transmitted and received by a sensing transceiver, and signals received by a sensing receiver may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, communication signals, RS, radar signals, hybrid communication and radar signals, integrated signals, ISAC signals, and sensing signals may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0126] In this disclosure, BS, UE, IAB, repeater, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), sensing transmitter, sensing receiver, sensing transceiver, wireless communication device, and target may be interpreted as any other.

[0127] In this disclosure, base station (BS), NG-RAN node, gNB, ng-eNB, NG-RAN, RAN, network (NW), Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), Transmission Point (TP), and Reception Point (RP) may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0128] In this disclosure, location, positioning, position, position measurement, position estimation, measured value, estimated value, measurement result, and sensing may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0129] In this disclosure, sensing, wireless sensing, and measurement may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, measured value, sensing information, measured quantity, measurement result, measurement content, and measurement type may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, spatial transmit filter, spatial receive filter, spatial domain transmit filter, spatial domain receive filter, spatial domain filter, spatial filter, and beam may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, setting / instructing and transmitting setting / instructions may be interpreted interchangeably. RS / data used for sensing and sensing resources may be interpreted interchangeably. Transmission and reporting may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0130] In this disclosure, resource, opportunity, and resource opportunity may be interpreted interchangeably. CLI of communication, CLI relating to communication, CLI to communication, CLI to communication signals, and CLI from communication signals / sensing signals to communication signals may be interpreted interchangeably. CLI of sensing, CLI relating to sensing, CLI to sensing, CLI to sensing signals, and CLI from communication signals / sensing signals to sensing signals may be interpreted interchangeably. Communication and communication signals / channels may be interpreted interchangeably. Sensing and sensing signals / channels may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0131] (Wireless Communication Method) In this disclosure, the CLI of sensing (e.g., the UE-to-UE CLI of sensing) means the CLI of the sensing channel / signal via the communication / sensing channel / signal. The CLI of sensing is, for example, the type-2A / 2C UE-to-UE CLI described above.

[0132] In this disclosure, a CLI of communication (UE-to-UE CLI) means a CLI of a communication channel / signal to a communication channel / signal by a communication / sensing channel / signal. A CLI of communication means, for example, the above-described Type-2B UE-to-UE CLI or conventional UE-to-UE CLI in a communication system.

[0133] <First Embodiment> The UE may transmit / support separate CLI reports for sensing CLIs and communication CLIs. The UE may receive one or more CLI measurement resource settings, perform CLI measurements based on one or more CLI measurement resource settings, and control the transmission of separate CLI reports for sensing CLIs and communication CLIs.

[0134] <<Embodiment 1-1>> In Embodiment 1-1, CLI measurement resources are configured, similar to the CLI measurement / reporting framework of Rel. 16 Layer 3 (e.g., Figure 4), and CLI reporting settings do not need to be configured. The UE receives the CLI measurement resource settings and may send separate CLI reports for sensing-related CLIs and communication-related CLIs based on the CLI measurement resource settings.

[0135] <<<Option 1>>> The UE may perform separate CLI reporting for sensing and communication based on separate CLI measurement resource settings. That is, one CLI measurement resource setting is for sensing CLI, and the other CLI measurement resource setting is for communication CLI. Part of the CLI measurement resource settings for sensing CLI and the CLI measurement resource settings for communication CLI may be common.

[0136] <<<Option 2>>> The UE may receive a single CLI measurement resource setting in which sensing CLI measurement resources and communication CLI measurement resources are configured separately. For example, a single CLI measurement resource setting may include CLI measurement resources that overlap within / on / in a sensing (DL) resource and CLI measurement resources that overlap within / on / in a communication (DL) resource.

[0137] <<<Option 3>>> If there are each / several CLI measurement resources [opportunities] that span (or overlap) both sensing resources and communication (DL) resources, the UE may receive a single CLI measurement resource setting in which the sensing CLI measurement resource and the communication CLI measurement resource are configured separately. Based on that setting, the UE may measure the sensing CLI and the communication CLI simultaneously.

[0138] According to Embodiment 1-1, the UE can appropriately transmit CLI reports for sensing and CLI reports for communication, even if CLI reporting settings are not configured.

[0139] <<Embodiment 1-2>> A reporting framework such as CSI may be applied to CLI. That is, the UE may receive one or more CLI reporting settings and one or more CLI measurement resource settings associated with the one or more CLI reporting settings, and perform CLI measurement / reporting based on the one or more CLI reporting settings and the one or more CLI measurement resource settings.

[0140] <<<Option 1>>> Similar to Option 1 of Embodiment 1-1, separate CLI reports for sensing and communication may be performed based on separate CLI measurement resource settings. That is, one CLI measurement resource setting is for the CLI of sensing, and the other CLI measurement resource setting is for the CLI of communication.

[0141] <<<Option 2>>> CLI reporting settings for sensing and CLI reporting settings for communication may be configured separately, and each reporting setting may be associated with a single CLI measurement resource setting. For example, if there are overlapping CLI measurement resources / opportunities within / on / in a sensing (DL) resource and overlapping CLI measurement resources / opportunities within / on / in a communication (DL) resource, separate CLI reporting settings may be configured and associated with a single CLI measurement resource setting. The UE may receive the said CLI reporting settings for sensing, the said CLI reporting settings for communication, and the said single CLI measurement resource setting, and perform CLI measurements based on each CLI reporting setting and the said single CLI measurement resource setting.

[0142] <<<Option 3>>> If there are several CLI measurement resources / opportunities that span (or overlap) both sensing resources and communication (DL) resources, the CLI reporting settings for sensing and the CLI reporting settings for communication may be configured separately, and each reporting setting may be associated with a single CLI measurement resource setting. The UE may receive the CLI reporting settings for sensing, the CLI reporting settings for communication, and the single CLI measurement resource setting, and perform CLI measurements based on each CLI reporting setting and the single CLI measurement resource setting.

[0143] <<<Option 4>>> The UE may receive one CLI reporting setting associated with two (or more) CLI measurement resource settings. The UE may receive a CLI measurement resource setting for sensing and a CLI measurement resource setting for communication, receive one CLI reporting setting associated with the CLI measurement resource setting for sensing and the CLI measurement resource setting for communication, and perform CLI measurements based on each CLI measurement resource setting and the one CLI reporting setting.

[0144] <<<Option 5>>> CLI reporting settings for sensing and CLI reporting settings for communication may be set in a single CLI reporting setting, and that single CLI reporting setting may be associated with a single CLI measurement resource setting. For example, if there are overlapping CLI measurement resources / opportunities within / on / in a sensing (DL) resource, and overlapping CLI measurement resources / opportunities within / on / in a communication (DL) resource, a single CLI reporting setting associated with a single CLI measurement resource setting may be set.

[0145] <<<Option 6>>> If there are several CLI measurement resources / opportunities that span (or overlap) both sensing resources and communication (DL) resources, a single CLI reporting setting may be configured, including a CLI reporting setting for sensing and a CLI reporting setting for communication. This single CLI reporting setting may be associated with a single CLI measurement resource setting.

[0146] According to Embodiment 1-2, the UE can appropriately transmit CLI reports for sensing and CLI reports for communication, based on one or more CLI reporting settings and one or more CLI measurement resource settings.

[0147] <Second Embodiment> The UE receives CLI measurement resource settings indicating continuous / discontinuous resource allocation of time-domain resources / frequency-domain resources, and performs CLI measurements / reports based on the CLI measurement resource settings. The CLI measurement resource settings may be CLI measurement resource settings for sensing / communication, or CLI measurement resource settings related to CLI reports for sensing / communication.

[0148] <<Embodiment 2-1>> For each CLI measurement resource setting (CLI measurement resource setting for sensing / communication, or CLI measurement resource setting related to CLI reporting for sensing / communication), a time-domain resource allocation is set.

[0149] Option 1: In CLI measurement resource settings, a continuous time domain resource allocation is set for each CLI measurement resource / opportunity (Figure 12).

[0150] Option 2: In CLI measurement resource settings, a resource allocation in a discontinuous time domain is set for each CLI measurement resource / opportunity (Figure 13).

[0151] <<Embodiment 2-2>> For each CLI measurement resource setting (CLI measurement resource setting for sensing / communication, or CLI measurement resource setting related to CLI reporting for sensing / communication), a resource allocation in the frequency domain is set.

[0152] Option 1: In CLI measurement resource settings, a continuous frequency domain resource allocation is set for each CLI measurement resource / opportunity (Figure 14).

[0153] Option 2: In CLI measurement resource settings, a resource allocation for discontinuous frequency domains is set for each CLI measurement resource / opportunity (Figure 15).

[0154] <<Variation 1>> Whether the second embodiment applies, and which options of the second embodiment apply, may depend on at least one of the sensing and communication resource partitioning / multiplexing methods (e.g., TDM / FDM / T-FDM) and the sensing RS / resource pattern design in the time domain / frequency domain.

[0155] <<Variation 2>> CLIs for sensing resources have a certain relationship with CLIs for communications. Therefore, a UE / gNB can derive a sensing CLI based on (and modifying) measurements of communications resources [when certain conditions are met]. Alternatively, a UE / gNB can derive a sensing CLI based on (and modifying) measurements of conventional communications CLI measurement resources (e.g., CLI measurement resources that are continuous in the time domain and frequency domain). For example, a UE / gNB may use an offset to obtain / derive a sensing CLI based on the communications resource CLI (or based on conventional CLI measurement resources).

[0156] Variation 2-1: The UE measures CLI on the communication resource, or the UE measures CLI based on a conventional CLI measurement resource within the sensing resource. The UE then reports the measured CLI result. The gNB then determines that "Corrected CLI on sensing" = "Offset * Reported CLI result", or "Corrected CLI on sensing" = "Offset + Reported CLI result". "Corrected CLI on sensing" may be considered as the actual sensing CLI.

[0157] Variation 2-2: The UE measures CLI on a communication resource, or the UE measures CLI based on a conventional CLI measurement resource within a sensing resource. The UE then reports a corrected CLI based on the measured CLI result. For example, the reported CLI may be = offset * measured CLI result, or the reported CLI may be = "offset + measured CLI result".

[0158] The offset may be defined in the specification, set / indicated by the gNB, or calculated by the UE based on previous measurement results / measurements. When variations 2-1 and 2-2 are applied, the examples of discontinuous time / frequency resource allocation of CLI measurement resources in this embodiment may not apply.

[0159] Variation 2 may be implemented if certain conditions are met. For example, the UE / gNB may derive the sensing CLI based on the measured value of the communication resource / the measured value of the conventional CLI measurement resource only if the above offset is set / instructed. If the UE has the capability to modify the CLI, Variation 2-2 may be applied; if it does not have the capability to modify the CLI, Variation 2-1 may be applied.

[0160] According to the second embodiment, the UE can flexibly configure the measurement resources in the CLI measurement resource settings, thereby enabling appropriate CLI measurement and reporting for various sensing resources / communication resources.

[0161] <Third Embodiment> The UE may control the measurement and reporting of the beam level (per beam) of the interUE CLI.

[0162] <<Embodiment 3-1>> The UE may measure / report the CLI of sensing / communication based on CLI measurement resource settings / CLI reporting settings for a specific beam. Any of the following options may be applied to the determination of the beam used for CLI measurement.

[0163] <<<Option 1>>> The UE may determine the beam to be used for CLI measurements based on RRC signaling.

[0164] For example, the UE may use the beam / receiving space filter / QCL-D RS / TCI status set by RRC signaling, which is related to CLI measurement resource settings / CLI reporting settings for sensing, for the CLI measurement / reporting of sensing.

[0165] The UE may update the beam used for CLI measurements based on MAC CE / DCI.

[0166] <<<Option 2>>> The UE may determine the beam to be used for CLI measurement based on past sensing channel / signal beams.

[0167] The UE may use the last received / measured sensing channel / signal beam / received spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state for the sensing CLI measurement / report.

[0168] The UE may or may not report the beam / receiving spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI status used along with the CLI measurement report for sensing. The UE may be instructed by RRC signaling whether or not to report the beam / receiving spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI status used.

[0169] <<<Option 3>>> The determination of the beam used for CLI measurement may depend on the UE implementation. In this case, the UE may report the beam / receive spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI status used for CLI measurement in the CLI report [instance].

[0170] When reporting Layer 3 CLI for sensing purposes, Layer 3 filtering may be applied per beam.

[0171] According to Embodiment 3-1, the UE can perform CLI measurements and reports appropriately for each beam.

[0172] <<Embodiment 3-2>> In the CLI measurement resource settings (CLI measurement resource settings for sensing / communication, or CLI measurement resource settings related to CLI reporting settings for sensing / communication), the repetition of CLI measurement resources may be set. If repetition is set / enabled, different measurement beams / receiving spatial filters / QCL-D RS / TCI states may be applied to each repeated CLI measurement resource. The UE may measure the repeated CLI measurement resources assuming that different measurement beams / receiving spatial filters / QCL-D RS / TCI states are applied to each CLI measurement resource.

[0173] The number of repeating CLI measurement resources may be set by upper-layer signaling / physical layer signaling. The number of repeating CLI measurement resources may be the same as or different from the number of beams used by the UE.

[0174] Repeated CLI measurement resources may be assigned to consecutive slots / symbols / subframes in the time domain. Repeated CLI measurement resources may be assigned to resources in the same or different frequency domains.

[0175] The measurement beam / receiving space filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state of the CLI measurement resource may be determined by at least one of the following options.

[0176] <<<Option 1>>> The UE may determine the measurement beam / receiving spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state of the CLI measurement resource based on RRC signaling.

[0177] The configured measurement beam / receiving space filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state may be applied to each repeated CLI measurement resource.

[0178] <<<Option 2>>> The UE may determine the measurement beam / receive spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state of the CLI measurement resource based on the sensing channel / signal beam.

[0179] The beam / receive space filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state set / determined for measuring the sensing channel / signal may be applied to the repeated CLI measurement resource.

[0180] <<<Option 3>>> The determination of the measurement beam / receiving spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state of the CLI measurement resource may be at the discretion of the UE implementation. In this case, the UE may report the beam / receiving spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state used for repeated measurements of the CLI measurement resource in the CLI reporting instance.

[0181] <<<CLI Reporting When CLI Measurement Resource Repetition is Set>>> If repetition is set / enabled, at least one of the following options may apply to CLI reporting.

[0182] Option a: The UE may report CLI measurement results corresponding to each repeated CLI measurement resource or each measurement beam / receiving spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state. The UE may also report information indicating the measurement beam / receiving spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI state corresponding to the measurement results.

[0183] Option b: The UE may report the strongest / weakest (N) CLI measurement results and corresponding measurement beam / receive spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI status [RSRP / SINR]. The value of N may be set by upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling or defined in the specification.

[0184] Option c: The UE may report CLI measurement results where the RSRP / SINR is above / below a specific threshold, along with the corresponding measurement beam / receive spatial filter / QCL-D RS / TCI status. The reported [maximum] beam count may be set by RRC signaling or defined by the specification. If no CLI measurement results exist where the RSRP / SINR is above / below a specific threshold, the UE may apply option a or b.

[0185] According to Embodiment 3-2, when the CLI measurement resource is set to repeat, the UE can perform CLI measurements / reports appropriately for each repeat.

[0186] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0187] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0188] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0189] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0190] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0191] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0192] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0193] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0194] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0195] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0196] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0197] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0198] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: • Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; • Supporting separate CLI reporting for sensing CLI and communication CLI; • Supporting separate CLI reporting based on CLI measurement resource settings spanning both communication and sensing resources; • Supporting separate CLI reporting based on one CLI reporting setting associated with separate CLI measurement resource settings for sensing and communication; • Supporting separate CLI reporting based on separate CLI reporting settings associated with one CLI measurement resource setting spanning both communication and sensing resources; • UE supporting individual CLI reporting based on one CLI reporting configuration associated with one CLI measurement resource setting spanning both communication and sensing resources; • UE supporting beam-level (beam-by-beam) CLI measurement for sensing; • UE supporting repetition of CLI measurement resources using different beams; • Supported sensing methods. - Interference types subject to CLI measurement / reporting, - Changes / switches of spatial receiver filters for each measurement of repeatedly transmitted UL / DL sensing resources, - Number of repeatedly transmitted UL / DL sensing resources, - Number of measurement results measured / reported, - Support for repeatedly transmitted RS resources in the same spatial transmission filter, - Support for repeatedly transmitted RS resources in different spatial transmission filters, - Length of the gap between repeated transmissions of UL sensing resources.

[0199] In this disclosure, "to support" and "whether or not to support" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0200] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0201] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0202] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0203] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives one or more cross-link interference (CLI) measurement resource settings; and a control unit that performs CLI measurements based on the one or more CLI measurement resource settings and controls the transmission of separate CLI reports for CLI related to sensing and CLI related to communication. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the receiving unit receives one or more CLI report settings related to the one or more CLI measurement resource settings, and the control unit performs CLI measurements based on the one or more CLI report settings and the one or more CLI measurement resource settings. [Note 3] The receiving unit receives sensing CLI report settings and communication CLI report settings, and receives one CLI measurement resource setting associated with the sensing CLI report settings and the communication CLI report settings, and the control unit performs CLI measurement based on the sensing CLI report settings, the communication CLI report settings and the one CLI measurement resource setting, as described in Note 1 or Note 2. [Note 4] The receiving unit receives sensing CLI measurement resource settings and communication CLI measurement resource settings, and receives one CLI report setting associated with the sensing CLI measurement resource settings and the communication CLI measurement resource settings, and the control unit performs CLI measurement based on the sensing CLI measurement resource settings, the communication CLI measurement resource settings and the one CLI report setting, as described in any of Notes 1 to 3.

[0204] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to the second and third embodiments of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives a cross-link interference (CLI) measurement resource setting indicating continuous or discontinuous resource allocation of time-domain resources or frequency-domain resources; and a control unit that controls CLI measurements based on the CLI measurement resource setting. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the control unit derives a sensing CLI based on a measurement value of a communication resource when certain conditions are met. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit controls beam-by-beam measurement of interUE CLI. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the CLI measurement resource setting is configured to repeat CLI measurement resources.

[0205] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0206] Figure 16 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0207] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0208] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0209] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0210] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0211] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0212] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0213] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0214] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0215] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0216] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0217] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0218] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0219] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0220] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0221] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0222] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0223] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0224] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0225] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0226] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0227] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0228] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0229] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0230] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0231] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0232] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0233] (Base Station) Figure 17 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0234] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0235] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0236] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0237] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0238] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0239] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0240] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0241] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0242] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0243] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0244] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0245] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0246] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0247] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0248] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0249] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0250] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0251] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0252] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit one or more cross-link interference (CLI) measurement resource settings.

[0253] Based on the one or more CLI measurement resource settings, the control unit 110 may control the reception of separate CLI reports for sensing-related CLIs and communication-related CLIs when a CLI measurement is performed.

[0254] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit cross-link interference (CLI) measurement resource settings indicating continuous or discontinuous resource allocation of time-domain resources or frequency-domain resources.

[0255] The control unit 110 may control the reception of CLI reports transmitted based on the CLI measurement resource settings.

[0256] (User Terminal) Figure 18 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0257] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0258] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0259] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0260] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0261] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0262] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0263] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0264] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0265] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0266] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0267] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0268] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0269] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0270] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0271] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0272] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0273] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0274] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least some of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit described in the appendix above.

[0275] The control unit 210 may perform at least some of the processing of the control unit described in the appendix above.

[0276] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0277] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0278] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 19 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0279] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0280] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0281] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0282] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0283] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0284] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0285] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0286] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0287] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0288] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0289] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0290] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0291] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0292] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0293] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0294] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0295] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0296] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0297] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0298] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0299] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0300] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0301] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0302] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0303] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0304] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0305] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0306] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0307] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0308] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0309] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0310] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0311] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0312] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0313] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0314] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0315] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0316] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0317] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0318] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0319] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0320] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0321] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0322] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0323] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0324] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0325] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0326] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0327] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0328] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0329] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0330] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0331] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0332] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0333] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0334] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0335] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0336] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0337] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0338] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0339] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0340] Figure 20 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0341] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0342] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0343] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0344] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0345] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0346] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0347] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0348] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0349] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0350] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0351] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0352] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0353] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0354] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0355] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0356] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0357] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0358] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0359] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0360] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0361] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0362] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0363] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0364] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0365] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0366] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0367] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0368] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0369] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0370] In this disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably as "i-th highest").

[0371] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0372] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0373] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0374] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0375] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-195355, filed on November 7, 2024. All of its contents are included here.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives cross-link interference (CLI) measurement resource settings indicating continuous or discontinuous resource allocation of time-domain resources or frequency-domain resources; and a control unit that controls CLI measurement based on the CLI measurement resource settings.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit derives a sensing CLI based on a measurement value of the communication resource when certain conditions are met.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the measurement of each beam of interUE CLI.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the CLI measurement resource setting is configured to repeat the CLI measurement resource.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal comprising: receiving a cross-link interference (CLI) measurement resource setting indicating continuous or discontinuous resource allocation of time-domain resources or frequency-domain resources; and controlling a CLI measurement based on the CLI measurement resource setting.

6. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits a cross-link interference (CLI) measurement resource setting indicating continuous or discontinuous resource allocation of time-domain resources or frequency-domain resources; and a control unit that controls the reception of a CLI report transmitted based on the CLI measurement resource setting.

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