Automated sample dispensing apparatus and system, and method thereof

Abstract

An automated sample dispensing apparatus includes a sample station for multiple primary sample containers, a consumable station for collection elements, a standard container station, a movable sample transfer unit detachably coupled to the collection elements and controlled to transfer different types of primary samples from respective containers to a standard container based on identification information.

Description

AUTOMATED SAMPLE DISPENSING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM, AND METHOD THEREOF

[0001] The present invention relates to an automated sample dispensing apparatus and system, and a method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a modular automated sample dispensing apparatus and system capable of continuous loading and random access of samples, and a method thereof.

[0002] Molecular diagnostic testing is a method of analyzing biological markers contained in genetic information or proteins within biological samples using molecular biology techniques, in order to determine the presence of diseases or infections, or to analyze genetic information.

[0003] In the field of molecular diagnostics, a wide variety of biological samples are utilized, including blood, urine, liquid-based cytology (LBC), semen, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, saliva, respiratory (RP) sputum, tuberculosis (TB) sputum, bronchial washing fluid, and raw stool. Each sample is collected in different types of containers depending on its characteristics and must be prepared under specific conditions and formats for analysis. In particular, when preparing samples using automated extraction equipment, it is required that the samples be contained in standardized tubes.

[0004] However, in actual clinical or laboratory settings, samples are often provided in various types of containers. If the container is not standardized, the sample must be manually transferred to a standardized tube, which is a cumbersome process. This manual handling not only requires skilled personnel but also consumes significant time and labor and poses risks of cross-contamination or sample loss.

[0005] Certain types of samples, such as stool, require reagent treatment, making the manual process even more complex and labor-intensive. These issues significantly reduce operational efficiency and delay diagnostic turnaround time, especially when handling a large number of samples in the molecular diagnostics field.

[0006] Furthermore, as automation and precision become increasingly important in molecular diagnostics, there is a growing need for automated systems capable of supporting various types of sample tubes. If an automated system capable of processing multiple types of sample tubes is established, it can reduce errors and contamination caused by manual handling, thereby improving the reliability of the diagnostic process.

[0007] In view of the foregoing background, one aspect of this disclosure is to provide an automated sample dispensing apparatus and system, and a method thereof, capable of automatically processing various types of sample tubes, thereby improving automation and efficiency in the sample dispensing process.

[0008] Another aspect of this disclosure is to provide an automated sample dispensing apparatus and system, and a method thereof, capable of automatically processing both liquid and solid samples.

[0009] A further aspect of this disclosure is to provide an automated sample dispensing apparatus and system, and a method thereof, capable of automatically processing samples with both high and low viscosity.

[0010] Yet another aspect of this disclosure is to provide an automated sample dispensing apparatus and system, and a method thereof, capable of automatically mixing stool samples having by high viscosity and heterogeneity, with reagents and dispensing them quantitatively, in order to improve analytical accuracy and reproducibility.

[0011] However, the scope of this disclosure is not limited to the aforementioned objectives, and may be variously modified and expanded without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

[0012] To achieve the objectives described above, one aspect of this disclosure provides an automated sample dispensing apparatus comprising: a sample station to which a first primary sample container containing a first type of primary sample and a second primary sample container containing a second type of primary sample are supplied; a consumable station to which a first collection element and a second collection element are supplied; a standard container station to which standard containers are supplied; and a sample transfer unit configured to be movable and to be detachably coupled with the first and second collection elements, wherein the sample transfer unit is configured to: i) transfer the first type of primary sample from the first primary sample container at the sample station to the standard container at the standard container station; and ii) transfer the second type of primary sample from the second primary sample container at the sample station to the standard container at the standard container station.

[0013] In one embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a controller configured to control the sample transfer unit to selectively couple any one of the first collection element and the second collection element, based on identification information regarding the type of the primary sample.

[0014] In one embodiment, the sample transfer unit may include: a first sample transfer unit detachably coupled with the first collection element; and a second sample transfer unit detachably coupled with the second collection element.

[0015] In one embodiment, the controller may control: i) when the first primary sample container is supplied to the sample station, the first sample transfer unit couples with the first collection element and transfers the first type of primary sample from the first primary sample container to the standard container; and ii) when the second primary sample container is supplied to the sample station, the second sample transfer unit couples with the second collection element and transfers the second type of primary sample from the second primary sample container to the standard container.

[0016] In another embodiment, the sample transfer unit is configured as a single unit to which the first collection element and the second collection element are detachably coupled.

[0017] In another embodiment, a single sample transfer unit may be configured to detachably couple with both the first and second collection elements.

[0018] In another embodiment, the controller may control: i) when the first primary sample container is supplied, the sample transfer unit couples with the first collection element and transfers the first type of primary sample to the standard container; and ii) when the second primary sample container is supplied, the sample transfer unit couples with the second collection element and transfers the second type of primary sample to the standard container.

[0019] In one embodiment, the first type of primary sample may be a liquid sample, and the first collection element may be a pipette tip; the second type of primary sample may be a solid sample, and the second collection element may be a solid sample collection element.

[0020] In another embodiment, the second type of primary sample may be stool, and the second collection element may be a swab.

[0021] In another embodiment, the first sample transfer unit may be a pipette unit, and the second sample transfer unit may be a gripper.

[0022] In another embodiment, the first type of primary sample may be a liquid sample, the first collection element may be a pipette tip, and the first sample transfer unit may be a pipette unit; the second type of primary sample may be a solid sample, the second collection element may be a solid sample collection element, and the second sample transfer unit may be a gripper.

[0023] In another embodiment, the first type of primary sample may be a liquid sample with viscosity lower than a predetermined threshold, and the first collection element may be a pipette tip with a relatively small bore diameter; the second type of primary sample may be a liquid sample with viscosity higher than the predetermined threshold, and the second collection element may be a pipette tip with a relatively large bore diameter.

[0024] In another embodiment, the second type of primary sample may be sputum, and the second collection element may have a bore diameter larger than a preset value.

[0025] In another embodiment, the apparatus may further include a reagent station configured to supply reagents corresponding to the type of primary sample, and the controller may be configured to supply a matching reagent based on information about the primary sample type.

[0026] In one embodiment, one or more of the first and second collection elements may be pipette tips, and the sample transfer unit may be further configured to: iii) transfer a reagent from the reagent station to the primary sample container at the sample station.

[0027] In another embodiment, the standard container station may be configured to selectively supply pre-filled standard containers containing reagents or empty standard containers, and the controller may be configured to supply a matching container based on the primary sample type information.

[0028] In one embodiment, the reagent may include a buffer used to dilute the primary sample.

[0029] In another embodiment, the reagent may include a buffer used to dilute solid or viscous primary samples such as stool or sputum.

[0030] In another embodiment, the apparatus may further include an identification sensor configured to obtain information about the primary sample type from an identification label on the primary sample container and the controller may be configured to selectively use either the first or second collection element based on the primary sample type information.

[0031] In one embodiment, the sample station may include a first station to which the first primary sample container is supplied and a second station to which the second primary sample container is supplied, and the controller may be configured to control the first and second sample transfer units to respectively transfer different types of samples based on the primary sample type information.

[0032] In another embodiment, based on the primary sample type information, the same sample station may be selectively supplied with the first and second primary sample containers, and the sample transfer unit may be controlled to selectively transfer different types of samples.

[0033] In one embodiment, the sample station, the consumable station, and the standard container station may include a first station located along the movement path of the first sample transfer unit and a second station located along the movement path of the second sample transfer unit.

[0034] In another embodiment, the first station of the sample station, the consumable station, and the standard container station may be aligned along a common line, and the second station of the sample station, the consumable station, and the standard container station may also be aligned along a common line.

[0035] In one embodiment, the apparatus may further include: a universal-type first decapper configured to cap and decap at least two types of primary sample containers; and a second decapper configured to cap and decap the standard containers.

[0036] In another embodiment, the sample transfer unit may include: a first sample transfer unit detachably coupled with the first collection element; and a second sample transfer unit detachably coupled with the second collection element, and the apparatus may further include: a first operation module including the first sample transfer unit, the first decapper, and the second decapper; a second operation module including the second sample transfer unit, the first decapper, and the second decapper; and the controller may be configured to control the first and second operation modules to process different types of primary samples.

[0037] One aspect of this disclosure provides an automated sample dispensing apparatus comprising: a sample station to which primary sample containers containing at least two types of primary samples are supplied; a consumable station to which tip containers containing multiple tips and swab containers containing multiple swabs are supplied; a standard container supply station to which standard containers are supplied; a pipette unit configured to be detachably coupled with the tips at the consumable station; a gripper configured to be detachably coupled with the swabs at the consumable station; a universal-type first decapper configured to cap and decap at least two types of primary sample containers; and a second decapper configured to cap and decap the standard containers.

[0038] Another aspect of this disclosure provides an automated sample dispensing system comprising: the above-described automated sample dispensing apparatus; and a storage device configured to store the primary sample containers, the collection elements, and the standard containers, wherein the storage device is detachably coupled with the automated sample dispensing apparatus.

[0039] In one embodiment, the automated sample dispensing apparatus may further include a supply unit configured to automatically supply materials from the storage device.

[0040] In another embodiment, the storage device may further include a supply unit configured to automatically supply materials to a sample supply stage, a consumable supply stage, and a standard container supply stage.

[0041] One aspect of this disclosure provides an automated sample dispensing method comprising: supplying primary sample containers containing at least two types of primary samples, first collection elements, second collection elements, and standard containers; acquiring primary sample type information from identification labels on the primary sample containers; determining, based on the acquired primary sample type information, whether the first or second collection element is required to collect the primary sample; i) if the first collection element is required, coupling the sample transfer unit with the first collection element, collecting the sample from the primary sample container, and transferring it to the standard container; ii) if the second collection element is required, coupling the sample transfer unit with the second collection element, collecting the sample from the primary sample container, and transferring it to the standard container.

[0042] In one embodiment, the sample transfer unit may be configured to selectively and detachably couple with the first and second collection elements, and the above i) and ii) processes may be selectively performed using the same sample transfer unit.

[0043] In another embodiment: i) if the first collection element is required, the first sample transfer unit may couple with the first collection element, collect the sample from the primary sample container, and transfer it to the standard container; ii) if the second collection element is required, the second sample transfer unit may couple with the second collection element, collect the sample from the primary sample container, and transfer it to the standard container.

[0044] In one embodiment, the first collection element may be a pipette tip used for liquid primary samples, and the second collection element may be a swab used for solid primary samples.

[0045] In another embodiment, at least two types of primary samples may include stool, and one of the first or second collection elements may be a swab.

[0046] In another embodiment, the first collection element may be a first pipette tip with a relatively small bore diameter used for liquid primary samples with viscosity lower than a predetermined threshold, and the second collection element may be a second pipette tip with a relatively large bore diameter used for liquid primary samples with viscosity higher than the predetermined threshold.

[0047] In another embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a housing accommodating the sample station, the consumable station, the standard container station, and the transfer unit; and a storage device detachably coupled to the housing and configured to store the primary sample container, the pipette tips and the swabs, and the standard container.

[0048] In another embodiment, the housing may comprise a door, and further comprising a supply unit configured to automatically supply materials from the storage device through the door.

[0049] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a modular sample dispensing system comprising: a sample transfer device configured to transfer primary sample containers containing at least two types of samples; a tip transfer device configured to transfer tip containers containing multiple tips; a container transfer device configured to transfer standard sample containers; and a pipette unit configured to move primarily along a bidirectional linear path, wherein the pipette unit is configured to transfer a sample from the primary sample container transferred by the sample transfer device to the standard sample container transferred by the container transfer device, and the primary sample container, tip container, and standard sample container are configured to temporarily remain at a point intersecting the movement path of the pipette unit.

[0050] In one embodiment, the system may further include a reagent transfer device configured to transfer reagent containers containing reagents, and the pipette unit may be configured to deliver the reagent from the reagent container to either the primary sample container or the standard sample container.

[0051] In another embodiment, the reagent may be used to dissolve the primary sample.

[0052] In one embodiment, the system may further include a controller configured to control the pipette unit to selectively pipette the reagent from the reagent container based on identification information of the primary sample container.

[0053] In another embodiment, the controller may be configured to control the pipette unit to aspirate the reagent from the reagent container and: i) inject it into the primary sample container transferred by the sample transfer device; or ii) inject it into the standard sample container transferred by the container transfer device.

[0054] In one embodiment, the tip transfer device, reagent transfer device, sample transfer device, and container transfer device may be sequentially arranged in the stated order.

[0055] In another embodiment, the system may further include some of the standard sample containers may contain reagents, and the controller may be configured to control the container transfer device to transfer a matching container based on the identification information of the primary sample container.

[0056] In another embodiment, the controller may be configured to control the sample transfer device, tip transfer device, container transfer device, and reagent transfer device such that the primary sample container, tip container, standard sample container, and reagent container temporarily remain at a point intersecting the movement path of the pipette unit.

[0057] In one embodiment, each of the sample transfer device, tip transfer device, container transfer device, and reagent transfer device may include a transfer line configured to intersect the movement path of the pipette unit.

[0058] In another embodiment, at least two types of primary sample containers may include containers with different lid diameters.

[0059] In one embodiment, the system may further include a first decapper configured to open and close the lids of at least two types of primary sample containers.

[0060] In another embodiment, the system may further include a second decapper configured to open and close the lids of the standard sample containers.

[0061] In one embodiment, one or both of the first and second decappers may be configured to close the lid on one side of the pipette unit's movement path and open the lid on the other side.

[0062] In another embodiment, the system may further include: a transfer module including the sample transfer device, tip transfer device, and container transfer device; a storage module provided on one side of the transfer module and configured to store materials including the primary sample containers, tip containers, and standard sample containers; and an operation module including the pipette unit, the first decapper configured to open and close lids of at least two types of primary sample containers, and the second decapper configured to open and close lids of the standard sample containers.

[0063] In one embodiment, the storage module may include a storage area for storing materials and a pickup area for supplying materials from the storage area to the transfer module.

[0064] In another embodiment, the storage module may further include a pickup unit configured to transport materials between the storage area and the pickup area.

[0065] In one embodiment, the transfer module may further include a reagent transfer device configured to transfer reagent containers containing reagents, and the storage unit may include a sample storage section for storing primary sample containers and a reagent storage section for storing reagent containers, and both the sample storage section and the reagent storage section may include temperature control means.

[0066] In one embodiment, each of the sample transfer device, tip transfer device, and container transfer device may include a supply line configured to deliver materials from the storage module to a point intersecting the movement path of the pipette unit, and a storage line configured to return materials from the intersection point to the storage module.

[0067] In another embodiment, the sample transfer device may include a connection station located between the supply line and the storage line, and the connection station may include a standby station connected to one or more of the supply line and the storage line, and a processing station intersecting the movement path of the pipette unit.

[0068] In one embodiment, the first decapper may be configured to open or close the lid of the primary sample container at the standby station.

[0069] In another embodiment, the standby station may include an input station configured to receive materials from the supply line and an output station configured to deliver materials to the storage line, and the input and output stations may be positioned on opposite sides of the processing station.

[0070] In one embodiment, the container transfer device may be configured to transfer a standard container tray in which multiple standard sample containers are arranged in parallel to the movement path of the pipette unit.

[0071] In another embodiment, the pipette unit may be configured to inject the primary sample into the multiple standard sample containers.

[0072] In one embodiment, the system may further include a transfer module comprising one or more of the sample transfer device, tip transfer device, reagent transfer device, and container transfer device; and an operation module comprising the pipette unit and the first decapper configured to open and close lids of at least two types of primary sample containers.

[0073] In another embodiment, the transfer module may include multiple transfer modules arranged sequentially along the movement path of the pipette unit, and the transfer modules may share the movement rail of the pipette unit.

[0074] In another embodiment, the operation module may include multiple operation modules arranged sequentially along the movement path of the primary sample containers, and the operation modules may share the movement rail of the sample transfer device.

[0075] In one embodiment, each of the sample transfer device, tip transfer device, reagent transfer device, and container transfer device may include a positioning station located at a point intersecting the movement path of the pipette unit.

[0076] In another embodiment, the positioning station may include a mechanical structure configured to move the primary sample container, tip container, reagent container, and standard sample container to a designated position.

[0077] One aspect of this disclosure provides a modular automated sample dispensing system comprising: a sample transfer device configured to transfer primary sample containers containing at least two types of samples; a tip transfer device configured to transfer tip containers each containing multiple tips; a container transfer device configured to transfer standard sample containers; a pipette unit; a first decapper configured to open and close the caps of the primary sample containers; a second decapper configured to open and close the caps of the standard sample containers; and a controller, wherein the pipette unit is configured to transfer the sample from the primary sample container transferred by the sample transfer device to the standard sample container transferred by the container transfer device, and the controller is configured to control the first decapper to open or close the lid of the primary sample container while the pipette unit is aspirating or dispensing into the standard sample container.

[0078] One aspect of this disclosure provides a modular automated sample dispensing system comprising: (a) a transfer module including: (a1) a sample transfer device configured to transfer primary sample containers containing at least two types of samples; (a2) a tip transfer device configured to transfer tip containers each containing multiple tips; and (a3) a container transfer device configured to transfer standard sample containers; (b) at least two operation modules, each including: (b1) a pipette unit; and (b2) a decapper; (c) a controller, wherein the pipette unit is configured to transfer the sample from the primary sample container transferred by the sample transfer device to the standard sample container transferred by the container transfer device, and the controller is configured to control one operation module to dispense a sample from one type of primary sample container while another operation module dispenses a sample from a different type of primary sample container.

[0079] One aspect of this disclosure provides a modular automated sample dispensing system comprising: a sample transfer device configured to transfer primary sample containers containing at least two types of samples; a tip transfer device configured to transfer tip containers containing multiple tips; a container transfer device configured to transfer standard sample containers; a reagent transfer device configured to transfer reagent containers; and a pipette unit configured to move along a bidirectional linear path, wherein the pipette unit is configured to transfer the sample from the primary sample container transferred by the sample transfer device to the standard sample container transferred by the container transfer device, and each of the sample transfer device, tip transfer device, container transfer device, and reagent transfer device is configured such that the primary sample container, tip container, standard sample container, and reagent container temporarily remain at a point intersecting the movement path of the pipette unit.

[0080] In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, another aspect of this disclosure provides an automated sample dispensing apparatus comprising: at least one sample station configured to receive a first primary sample container accommodating a first type of primary sample and a second primary sample container accommodating a second type of primary sample; at least one consumable station configured to receive pipette tips and swabs; a standard container station configured to receive standard containers; a transfer unit configured to move between the sample station, the consumable station, and the standard container station, the transfer unit including an integrated assembly having a pipette unit detachably coupled to a pipette tip and a gripping unit detachably coupled to a swab on a single head.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a controller configured to control the transfer unit to selectively couple either the pipette tip or the swab based on identification information regarding the type of the primary sample.

[0082] According to one embodiment, the controller may be configured to: (i) when the first primary sample container is supplied to the sample station, control the transfer unit to transfer the first type of primary sample from the first primary sample container on the sample station to the standard container on the standard container station while the pipette tip is coupled to the pipette unit; and (ii) when the second primary sample container is supplied to the sample station, control the transfer unit to transfer the second type of primary sample from the second primary sample container on the sample station to the standard container on the standard container station while the swab is coupled to the gripping unit.

[0083] In one embodiment, the first type of primary sample may be a liquid sample, and the second type of primary sample may be a solid sample.

[0084] In another embodiment, the second type of primary sample may comprise feces.

[0085] In one embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a reagent station configured to supply reagents corresponding to the type of the primary sample.

[0086] In one embodiment, the controller may be configured to control the reagent station to supply a matching reagent among stored reagents based on the identification information regarding the type of the primary sample.

[0087] In one embodiment, the pipette unit of the transfer unit may be configured to transfer the reagent from the reagent station to the primary sample container on the sample station.

[0088] In one embodiment, the standard container station may be configured to selectively supply a pre-filled standard container accommodating a reagent corresponding to the type of the primary sample or an empty standard container.

[0089] In one embodiment, the controller may be configured to control the standard container station to supply a matching one of the pre-filled standard container or the empty standard container among stored standard containers based on the identification information regarding the type of the primary sample.

[0090] In one embodiment, the reagent may comprise a buffer used to dilute the primary sample.

[0091] In another embodiment, the reagent may comprise a buffer used to dilute a solid or viscous primary sample including feces and sputum.

[0092] In one embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise an identification sensor configured to acquire identification information regarding the type of the primary sample from an identification mark of the primary sample container.

[0093] In one embodiment, the controller may be configured to determine whether the first primary sample container or the second primary sample container is supplied to the sample station based on the identification information acquired from the identification sensor and to control the transfer unit accordingly.

[0094] In one embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a first universal-type decapper configured to cap and decap at least two types of the primary sample containers and a second decapper configured to cap and decap the standard container.

[0095] In one embodiment, the consumable station may comprise a first consumable station configured to receive a tip container having a plurality of tips and a second consumable station configured to receive a swab container having a plurality of swabs.

[0096] In one embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a housing accommodating the sample station, the consumable station, the standard container station, and the transfer unit, and a storage device detachably coupled to the housing and configured to store the primary sample container, the pipette tips and the swabs, and the standard container.

[0097] In one embodiment, the housing may include a door, and the apparatus may further comprise a supply unit configured to automatically supply materials from the storage device through the door.

[0098] An embodiment of this disclosure provides an automated sample dispensing apparatus and system, and a method thereof, capable of performing automated sample dispensing processes for various types of samples. All steps of the sample dispensing process can be carried out automatically. Accordingly, manual handling of samples such as stool is no longer required, and the automation of the sample dispensing process can increase the efficiency of molecular diagnostic testing.

[0099] An embodiment of this disclosure also provides a scalable system in which one or more dispensing modules can be added without changing the overall system configuration. Therefore, the system can be flexibly configured in response to environmental changes.

[0100] The advantages of this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and should be understood to include all effects that can be inferred from the detailed description or the claimed invention.

[0101] FIGS. 1A to 1E are schematic diagrams illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus according to a first embodiment of this disclosure.

[0102] FIGS. 2A to 2D are schematic diagrams illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus according to a second embodiment of this disclosure.

[0103] FIGS. 3A to 3C are schematic diagrams illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus according to a third embodiment of this disclosure.

[0104] FIGS. 4A to 4C are schematic diagrams illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of this disclosure.

[0105] FIGS. 5A to 5C are schematic diagrams illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of this disclosure.

[0106] FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic diagrams illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of this disclosure.

[0107] FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram briefly illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus for processing stool samples.

[0108] FIGS. 8 to 18 illustrate automated sample dispensing systems according to additional embodiments of this disclosure.

[0109] FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram briefly illustrating an exemplary automated sample dispensing system according to this disclosure.

[0110] FIG. 9 is a plan view illustrating an automated sample dispensing system according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0111] FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating an automated sample dispensing system according to another embodiment of this disclosure.

[0112] FIG. 11 is a plan view illustrating an automated sample dispensing system according to yet another embodiment of this disclosure.

[0113] FIG. 12 is a plan view illustrating a modular pretreatment system according to exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

[0114] FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating an automated sample dispensing subsystem included in the modular pretreatment system of FIG. 12.

[0115] FIG. 14 is a plan view illustrating a pretreatment subsystem included in the modular pretreatment system of FIG. 12.

[0116] FIGS. 15 to 18 are plan views illustrating operational states of the modular pretreatment system according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0117] FIGS. 19A and 19B are schematic diagrams illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of this disclosure.

[0118] Hereinafter, this disclosure will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments and illustrative drawings. These embodiments are provided solely for the purpose of more specifically describing the disclosure, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the disclosure is not limited by these embodiments.

[0119] It should also be noted that, in assigning reference numerals to components in the drawings, the same numerals are used for identical components even if they appear in different drawings, to the extent possible. Furthermore, in describing the disclosure, detailed descriptions of known components or functions may be omitted when it is determined that such descriptions could obscure the essence of the disclosure.

[0120] In describing the components of this disclosure, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b), (i), and (ii) may be used. These terms are merely for distinguishing one component from another and do not imply any particular order, sequence, or essential nature of the components.

[0121] In this specification, specific structural or functional descriptions are provided only to illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure. The embodiments may be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to those described herein. It should be understood that all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the disclosure are encompassed.

[0122] When a component is described as being "connected," "coupled," or "linked" to another component, it may be directly connected or coupled, or indirectly connected or coupled via another component. Similarly, when a component is described as being "directly connected," "directly coupled," or "directly linked," it should be understood that no intermediate component exists. Other expressions describing relationships between components, such as "between," and "directly between,", or "adjacent to," and "directly adjacent to," should be interpreted in the same manner.

[0123] The terminology used in this specification is intended only to describe exemplary embodiments and is not meant to limit the scope of the disclosure. Unless clearly stated otherwise, singular expressions include plural forms. Terms such as "include," "comprise," or "have" are intended to indicate the presence of stated features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0124] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted consistently with their ordinary meanings in the relevant technical context and should not be interpreted in an overly formal or idealized manner unless explicitly defined herein.

[0125] Terms such as first, second, and third may be used to describe various components, but such components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the disclosure, a first component may be referred to as a second or third component, and similarly, a second or third component may be interchangeably referred to as a first component.

[0126]

[0127] In this specification, the term "sample" may include biological samples (e.g., cells, tissues, and fluids derived from biological sources) and non-biological samples (e.g., food, water, and soil). The biological samples may include viruses, bacteria, tissues, cells, blood (e.g., whole blood, plasma, and serum), lymph, bone marrow fluid, saliva, sputum, swabs, aspirates, milk, urine, stool, ocular fluid, semen, brain extracts, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, thymic fluid, bronchial washing fluid, ascitic fluid, and amniotic fluid. Additionally, the sample may include naturally isolated nucleic acid molecules and synthetic nucleic acid molecules derived from biological sources. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the sample may further include additional substances such as water, deionized water, saline, pH buffer, acidic solution, or alkaline solution.

[0128] In one embodiment, the automated sample dispensing apparatus may be used in diagnostic systems for biological samples and may be applied to pre-analytical stages prior to analysis. The diagnostic system may be broadly applicable to all types of in-vitro diagnostics (IVD) that detect or quantify specific analytes from biological samples. Specifically, the diagnostic system may include molecular diagnostics, immunodiagnostics (or immunoassays), clinical chemistry, and hematology.

[0129] In a narrow sense, the automated sample dispensing apparatus refers to a device that automates the process of transferring a quantitative amount of a test sample from a primary sample to a test container. In a broader sense, it refers to a pre-analytical device that processes and prepares the sample into a state suitable for analysis.

[0130] In one embodiment, the automated sample dispensing apparatus may perform preparation or pretreatment of primary samples for molecular diagnostic testing. For example, molecular diagnostic testing may include pathogen detection, blood screening, mutation analysis, drug resistance testing, genotyping, chromosomal analysis, and disease marker identification. Pathogen detection may include testing for sexually transmitted infections, respiratory infections, tuberculosis, gastrointestinal infections, HPV (human papillomavirus), dermatophyte infections, tropical diseases, and implant-related infections.

[0131] To perform molecular diagnostic testing, analytes (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, biological compounds, hormones, antibodies, antigens, metabolites, cells, etc.) contained in the primary sample (e.g., biological sample) must be extracted. Prior to analyte extraction, pretreatment of the primary sample may be required depending on the sample type. The primary sample may include biological samples such as cells, tissues, and fluids derived from biological sources. These biological samples may include viruses, bacteria, tissues, cells, blood (e.g., whole blood, plasma, and serum), lymph, bone marrow fluid, saliva, sputum, swabs, aspirates, milk, urine, stool, ocular fluid, semen, brain extracts, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, thymic fluid, bronchial washing fluid, ascitic fluid, amniotic fluid, tears, conjunctival secretions, hair, bone, embryos, sweat, and the like.

[0132] Additionally, the primary sample may include naturally isolated nucleic acid molecules and synthetic nucleic acid molecules derived from biological sources. Furthermore, the primary sample may include additional substances such as water, deionized water, saline, pH buffer, acidic solution, or alkaline solution. Optionally, the primary sample may also include non-biological samples such as food, water, and soil.

[0133] In exemplary embodiments, the primary sample may be a biological sample used in pathogen detection testing, and the analyte may be a nucleic acid. For example, the primary sample may include urine, liquid-based cytology (LBC), semen, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, saliva, respiratory sputum (RP sputum), tuberculosis sputum (TB sputum), bronchial washing fluid, and raw stool.

[0134]

[0135] Different Types of Primary Samples

[0136] An automated sample dispensing apparatus according to one embodiment of this disclosure may be configured to prepare different types of primary samples. "Preparation for primary samples" refers to transferring or dispensing a portion of a sample from a primary sample container to a standard container. When the primary sample is a liquid, a portion of the sample may be dispensed from the primary sample container to the standard container using a pipette. When the primary sample is a solid, a portion of the sample may be transferred using a swab from the primary sample container to the standard container.

[0137] Different types of primary samples may include liquid samples and solid samples. The automated sample dispensing apparatus may use a pipette tip as a collection element to collect liquid samples. A pipette unit coupled with a pipette tip may aspirate and dispense the sample. However, for solid samples, it may be difficult or impossible to use a pipette unit. Therefore, the automated sample dispensing apparatus may use a collection element capable of scooping or picking up a portion of the sample.

[0138] The collection element for solid samples may include various shapes such as swabs, spoons, sticks, probes, or other structures capable of scooping or picking up the sample. Such collection elements, including swabs, may be coupled to a gripper. The gripper may move vertically and horizontally while holding the collection element to collect solid samples from the primary sample container. The gripper may perform circular motion along the inner surface of the primary sample container or tilt the collection element at an angle. The circular motion of the gripper may include rotation with an internal axis (self-rotation) or with an external axis (orbital rotation).

[0139] Different types of primary samples may also include liquid samples with varying viscosity levels. Liquid primary samples may be broadly categorized into low-viscosity and high-viscosity samples. Low-viscosity samples can be easily and accurately aspirated and dispensed using standard pipette tips. Examples of low-viscosity samples include liquid-based cytology (LBC: ThinPrep, SurePath, etc.), urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and plasma.

[0140] High-viscosity samples may adhere to the tip or cause airlock effect when using standard pipette tips, which can interfere with accurate volume measurement. Therefore, wide-bore pipette tips are used for handling high-viscosity samples. Wide-bore pipette tips have a larger internal diameter than standard pipette tips, allowing viscous liquids to flow more easily and reducing tip clogging. Examples of high-viscosity samples include most specimens collected via swabs from the human body (e.g., nasopharyngeal and cervical specimens), saliva, sputum, semen, and whole blood.

[0141] Standard pipette tips may have a bore diameter of less than 1.2 mm. Typically, standard pipette tips have a bore diameter of approximately 0.7 mm. Wide-bore pipette tips may have a bore diameter of 1.2 mm or greater. In general, wide-bore pipette tips may have bore diameters ranging from 1.2 mm to 3.2 mm.

[0142] The pipette tips may include a first pipette tip and a second pipette tip having different opening sizes. The first pipette tip may have a relatively larger bore diameter and may be used when the primary sample is in a liquid or mixed state with relatively high viscosity. For example, the first pipette tip may be used to aspirate a portion of a high-viscosity liquid sample or a mixed-state sample. The first pipette tip may include a conductive filter tip with a relatively large diameter.

[0143] The second pipette tip may have a relatively smaller bore diameter and may be used when the primary sample is in a liquid state with relatively low viscosity. For example, the second pipette tip may be used to aspirate a portion of a low-viscosity liquid sample. The second pipette tip may include a conductive filter tip with a relatively small diameter.

[0144] Depending on the type of primary sample, the primary sample containers may have different shapes. Optionally, even containers holding the same type of primary sample may have different shapes. In other words, primary sample containers may vary in shape. The term "different shapes" refers to variations in height, diameter, bottom geometry, or cap design among the containers.

[0145]

[0146] Automated sample Dispensing Apparatus

[0147] Referring to FIG. 1A, an automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to a first embodiment of this disclosure may include: a sample station 2200 (including 2210 and 2220) to which primary sample containers are supplied; a consumables station 2300 (including 2310 and 2320) to which collection elements are supplied; a standard container station 2400 (including 2410 and 2420) to which standard containers are supplied; and a sample transfer unit 2700 (including 2710 and 2720) configured to be movable and to be detachably coupled with the collection elements.

[0148]

[0149] Stations

[0150] A station refers to a designated location or area configured to perform a specific function or role. Stations may be arranged on a deck and may form part of the deck. A station may be provided at a point intersecting the movement path of the sample transfer unit. Each station may include a positioning mechanism to ensure that an article is accurately placed in the correct position.

[0151] The positioning mechanism may include guide pins, inclined surfaces, or camera-based alignment systems.

[0152]

[0153] Loading Station

[0154] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may include a loading station for loading primary sample containers, consumables, and standard containers either internally or externally. The loading station may be located at a position connected to a storage unit inside the apparatus. For example, a lifting mechanism may be used to transfer articles from a storage unit located at the bottom of the apparatus to the loading station on the deck. Alternatively, articles may be loaded externally, and the loading station may be positioned for easy access from outside the apparatus.

[0155] The loading station may be provided separately for each type of object, or a single loading station may be configured to selectively load two or more types of articles.

[0156]

[0157] Loading Unit

[0158] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may further include a loading unit configured to deliver primary sample containers, consumables, and standard containers to the respective stations.

[0159] The loading unit may be a transfer robot. The transfer robot may grip and move articles using a gripping hand. The gripping hand may be replaceable to accommodate articles of various sizes and shapes. By using a tool changer mechanism, the transfer robot can overcome limitations of a single gripping hand and increase flexibility and processing efficiency. The tool changer mechanism may use interchangeable gripping tools optimized for specific types of articles. For example, the gripping tools may include tools for tubes, plates, and trays. These gripping tools may be stored in a tool station and selectively replaced on the gripping hand at the tool station.

[0160] For instance, the transfer robot may use a tool changer that provides a first gripping tool for gripping primary sample containers and standard containers, and a second gripping tool for gripping tip containers and swab containers.

[0161] The loading unit may utilize a rail mechanism. It may include a transport rail and a pallet that moves along the rail. The transport rail may deliver primary sample containers, consumables, and standard containers from one point of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 to the respective stations. The transport rail may be configured in a straight, curved, or combined shape. The transport mechanism may include a conveyor belt, chain drive, screw drive system, LM guide, linear motor, or pusher.

[0162] The transport rail may include a single-direction transport rail system or a bidirectional transport rail system. To perform both supply and discharge of articles using a single-direction rail system, a pair of transport rails may be required. In contrast, a bidirectional transport rail system may perform both supply and discharge using a single rail.

[0163]

[0164] Sample Station

[0165] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may include a sample station 2200 to which a first primary sample container containing a first type of primary sample and a second primary sample container containing a second type of primary sample are supplied. The sample station 2200 may accommodate a single primary sample container or multiple primary sample containers. The multiple primary sample containers may be provided mounted on a sample rack or on a sample tray.

[0166] When multiple primary sample containers are mounted on the sample station 2200, the station may be configured with containers of the same type or may include containers of different types. To stably accommodate different types of primary sample containers, the sample station 2200 may include an adjustable mounting structure. For example, the adjustable mounting structure may include three or more elastic members positioned outside the primary sample container, which provide elastic force in a radially inward direction toward the center of the container while accommodating the container inside. The elastic members may be arranged in a radial direction around the primary sample container. The adjustable mounting structure may concentrically position primary sample containers of different diameters, while the elastic members provide radially inward elastic force to secure the container in a fixed position.

[0167] The sample station 2200 may include a first sample station 2210 and a second sample station 2220. The first sample station 2210 may be supplied with the first primary sample container, and the second sample station 2220 may be supplied with the second primary sample container. The first sample station 2210 may mount the first primary sample container in a fixed position, and the second sample station 2220 may mount the second primary sample container in a fixed position.

[0168]

[0169] Consumables Station

[0170] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may include a consumables station 2300 to which a first collection element for collecting a first type of primary sample and a second collection element for collecting a second type of primary sample are supplied. The consumables station 2300 may accommodate multiple collection elements. These collection elements may be arranged in rows and columns within a container. For example, pipette tips―one example of a collection element―may be arranged in 8 rows and 12 columns, totaling 96 tips per container. Similarly, swabs―another example of a collection element―may also be arranged in 8 rows and 12 columns, totaling 96 swabs per container.

[0171] The consumables station 2300 may include a first consumables station 2310 and a second consumables station 2320. The first consumables station 2310 may be supplied with the first collection elements, and the second consumables station 2320 may be supplied with the second collection elements. The first consumables station 2310 may mount the container holding the first collection elements in a fixed position, and the second consumables station 2320 may mount the container holding the second collection elements in a fixed position.

[0172]

[0173] Standard Container Station

[0174] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may include a standard container station 2400 to which standard containers are supplied. The standard container station 2400 may accommodate a single standard container or multiple standard containers. These containers may be provided mounted on a sample rack or sample tray. When multiple standard containers are mounted, the station may be configured with containers of the same type.

[0175] The standard containers may include deep-well plates (DWP) or microplates, each having multiple wells. For example, a deep-well plate or microplate may include 96 wells arranged in 8 columns and 12 rows.

[0176]

[0177] Sample Transfer Line

[0178] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may provide sample transfer lines 2100 (including 2110 and 2120) for each type of primary sample. A sample transfer line 2100 may include the sample transfer unit 2700 and components located along the movement path of the sample transfer unit.

[0179] The apparatus may independently provide a first sample transfer line 2110 for preparing the first type of primary sample and a second sample transfer line 2120 for preparing the second type of primary sample. Furthermore, the sample transfer lines 2100 may be configured in a modular structure.

[0180] As used herein, “modular” refers to a structure in which the apparatus is composed of multiple independent yet interchangeable modules, each performing a specific function while operating as part of the overall system. These modules may be added, removed, replaced, or expanded as needed, allowing flexible adjustment of the apparatus design and functionality. Specifically, adopting a modular structure offers advantages such as scalability (easy expansion of performance or functionality by adding or replacing modules), flexibility (replacing individual modules without halting the entire system), maintainability (simplified maintenance through module-level management), reusability (using identical modules in other devices or systems), and design simplification (dividing complex functions into independent modules).

[0181] The first sample transfer line 2110 may include: the first consumables station 2310 where the first collection elements are supplied, a waste bin 2610 for discarding used consumables, the first sample station 2210 where the first primary sample container is supplied, and the standard container station 2400 where standard containers are supplied.

[0182] The second sample transfer line 2120 may include: the second consumables station 2320 where the second collection elements are supplied, the waste bin 2610, the second sample station 2220 where the second primary sample container is supplied, and the first standard container station 2410.

[0183] Additionally, the apparatus may include a standby station 2620 where standard containers with prepared samples wait before being transferred to the next stage or device. The standby station 2620 may be provided for each sample transfer line or may be shared across multiple sample transfer lines, as illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0184]

[0185] Sample Transfer Unit

[0186] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may include a sample transfer unit 2700 configured to be movable and to be detachably coupled with a first collection element and a second collection element. The sample transfer unit 2700 may be configured to: i) transfer a first type of primary sample from the first primary sample container at the sample station 2200 to the standard container at the standard container station 2400; and ii) transfer a second type of primary sample from the second primary sample container at the sample station 2200 to the standard container at the standard container station 2400.

[0187] The sample transfer unit 2700 may include a first sample transfer unit 2710 detachably coupled with the first collection element, and a second sample transfer unit 2720 detachably coupled with the second collection element. The first and second sample transfer units 2710 and 2720 may operate independently and may move along separate movement paths.

[0188]

[0189] Decapper

[0190] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may include a decapper 2800 configured to decap and recap the caps of primary sample containers or standard containers. The decapper 2800 may include a first decapper 2810 configured to decap and recap primary sample containers, and a second decapper 2820 configured to decap and recap standard containers.

[0191] The first decapper 2810 may be a universal-type decapper applicable to various types of primary sample containers. The universal-type decapper may include at least three gripping elements (e.g., jaws, fingers, iris), whose radius may vary during rotation due to a cam mechanism. These gripping elements may be mechanically linked to the cam structure. The gripping elements may be gear-linked to operate in a coordinated manner.

[0192] The second decapper 2820 may be a standard-type decapper applicable to standard containers. The standard-type decapper may be relatively small and lightweight. A gripper 2900 may also function as a decapper. Referring to FIG. 1, the second sample transfer line 2120 may include both the second sample transfer unit 2720 and the second decapper 2820. Alternatively, the second sample transfer unit 2720 and the second decapper 2820 may be integrated into a single gripper 2900. Specifically, the gripper 2900 may function as the second sample transfer unit 2720 for gripping the second collection element, and also as the second decapper 2820 for decapping and recapping the standard container.

[0193] The decapper 2800 may hold the cap after opening the primary or standard container and remain in standby. After the sample transfer unit completes its operation, the decapper may use the held cap to recap the container. The first decapper 2810 may include a drip tray to prevent contamination caused by primary sample residue on the underside of the cap falling into the apparatus.

[0194] Alternatively, the decapper 2800 may place the cap into a cap storage area after opening the container. After the sample transfer unit completes its operation, the decapper may pick up the cap from the storage area and recap the container. The first decapper 2810 may include means to prevent cross-contamination. Cross-contamination may occur when residue from one container's cap falls into the cap storage area and contaminates another container's cap. To prevent this, the cap storage area may hold the cap by its side edge to suspend it, and a drip tray may be positioned below the storage area.

[0195] Alternatively, the decapper 2800 may discard the cap into a waste bin 2610 after opening the container and pick up a new cap to recap the container.

[0196]

[0197] Gripper

[0198] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may further include a gripper 2900 configured to grip and transport primary sample containers or standard containers. The gripper 2900 may include a gripping hand (or end-effector) for gripping and releasing containers, and a drive unit for moving the gripping hand. The gripping hand may be configured to grip containers of various sizes. The drive unit may be configured to move the gripping hand in three-dimensional space, allowing the gripper 2900 to move containers not only along a plane but also vertically.

[0199] The gripper 2900 may include any mechanical or electrical means capable of transporting containers from one location to another. Depending on the power source used to actuate the gripping hand, the gripper 2900 may include a pneumatic gripper or an electric / servo gripper. Based on the physical structure of the gripping hand, the gripper 2900 may include a finger gripper, a flexible / soft gripper, or a vacuum / suction gripper.

[0200] The drive unit of the gripper 2900 may include, for example, a multi-joint robot arm that mimics the movement of a human arm, a Cartesian robot that moves linearly along X-Y-Z axes, a SCARA robot optimized for high-speed horizontal transport, or a delta robot designed for ultra-fast pick-and-place operations. Additionally, the drive unit may be a conveyor belt system for transporting samples along a fixed path, a gantry system for covering a wide working area, or a rotary indexing table for transferring between multiple stations arranged in a circular layout. Alternatively, the drive unit may be a linear actuator system that moves along a straight path, driven by a linear motor, ball screw, timing belt, or rack and pinion.

[0201] It should be understood that the gripper 2900 of this disclosure is not limited to the examples described above.

[0202]

[0203] Integration of Functions

[0204] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may integrate two or more functions into a single structure. Stations may be provided individually for each object, or may be configured to selectively accommodate multiple types of articles. Two or more of the loading unit, sample transfer unit 2700, decapper 2800, and gripper 2900 may be configured as a single integrated structure.

[0205] The Single Integrated Structure may include a multi-functional structure, in which a single structure performs multiple functions, and a modular composite structure, in which two or more units are combined into a single assembly.

[0206] In one embodiment, the multi-functional structure may include a multi-joint robot arm capable of tool-changing. The multi-functional structure may perform multiple functions with a single robot arm, including loading containers or consumables, transferring samples, decapping / recapping containers, and transporting containers.

[0207] In another embodiment, the modular composite structure may be configured by combining two or more of a loading unit, a sample transfer unit, a decapper, and a gripper into a single assembly. For example, the sample transfer unit 2700, decapper 2800, and gripper 2900 may be combined into a single assembly and move together along the same transfer path.

[0208] In this specification, a single structure may be referred to by different names depending on the function being described. When two or more functions are provided in a multi-functional structure or a modular composite structure, the structure may be referred to by different names as needed. For example, if a single structure is a multi-functional structure that performs both the functions of the sample transfer unit 2700 and the gripper 2900, it may be referred to as the "sample transfer unit" when describing sample transfer operations, and as the "gripper" when describing container transport operations. Similarly, if a single structure is a modular composite structure that performs both the functions of the decapper 2800 and the gripper 2900, it may be referred to as the "decapper" when describing cap operations, and as the "gripper" when describing container transport operations.

[0209]

[0210] Controller

[0211] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may further include a controller configured to control the sample transfer unit 2700, the decapper 2800, and the gripper 2900.

[0212] The controller may be configured to: i) when the first primary sample container is supplied to the first sample station 2210, control the first sample transfer unit 2710 to couple with the first collection element and transfer the first type of primary sample from the first primary sample container to the standard container; and ii) when the second primary sample container is supplied to the second sample station 2220, control the second sample transfer unit 2720 to couple with the second collection element and transfer the second type of primary sample from the second primary sample container to the standard container.

[0213] The controller may also be configured to: control the first decapper 2810 to decap the first primary sample container when it is supplied to the first sample station 2210; and control the second decapper 2820 to decap the standard container when it is supplied to the standard container station.

[0214] After the sample transfer unit collects the sample from the first primary sample container, the controller may control the first decapper 2810 to recap the container. Similarly, after the sample transfer unit transfers the sample into the standard container, the controller may control the second decapper 2820 to recap the standard container.

[0215]

[0216] FIGS. 1A to 1E

[0217] FIGS. 1A to 1E are schematic diagrams illustrating automated sample dispensing apparatuses 2000-2004 according to a first embodiment of this disclosure.

[0218] The automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 may include: a first consumables station 2310 to which first collection elements are supplied, a second consumables station 2320 to which second collection elements are supplied, a waste bin 2610 for discarding used consumables, a first sample station 2210 to which first primary sample containers are supplied, a second sample station 2220 to which second primary sample containers are supplied, a first standard container station 2410 to which standard containers are supplied, and a standby station 2620 where standard containers with prepared samples wait before being transferred to the next stage or device.

[0219] The first consumables station 2310, first sample station 2210, and first standard container station 2410 may form a first sample transfer line 2110, while the second consumables station 2320, second sample station 2220, and second standard container station 2420 may form a second sample transfer line 2120. The first sample transfer line 2110 may be configured to prepare a first type of primary sample, and the second sample transfer line 2120 may be configured to prepare a second type of primary sample.

[0220] In the first sample transfer line 2110, the first sample transfer unit 2710 may be configured to detachably couple with the first collection element. The first sample station 2210 may be configured to receive the first primary sample container. In the second sample transfer line 2120, the second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured to detachably couple with the second collection element. The second sample station 2220 may be configured to receive the second primary sample container.

[0221] The first and second sample transfer units 2710 and 2720 may be configured to travelalong a bidirectional linear movement path. The consumables station 2300, waste bin 2610, sample station 2200, and standard container station 2400 may be arranged along the linear movement path.

[0222] Referring to FIG. 1A, the first and second sample transfer units 2710 and 2720 may primarily perform the function of gripping the collection elements and transferring samples from the primary sample containers to the standard containers.

[0223] A gripper 2900 for gripping and transporting primary sample containers and standard containers may be provided separately from the sample transfer units. The gripper 2900 may operate commonly across both the first and second sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120, and may be configured to move along a planar path. Alternatively, the gripper 2900 may be provided individually for each sample transfer line, differing from the configuration shown in the drawings.

[0224] The decapper 2800 may be provided separately from the sample transfer unit and the gripper 2900. The decapper 2800 may be individually provided for the first sample transfer line 2110 and the second sample transfer line 2120. Alternatively, and contrary to the illustrated configuration, the decapper 2800 may be configured to operate commonly across both the first and second sample transfer lines.

[0225] The decapper 2800 may be configured to move between the first and second sample transfer lines using a rail mechanism.

[0226] The first decapper 2810, which targets primary sample containers, and the second decapper 2820, which targets standard containers, may be provided separately. The first decapper 2810 may be configured as a universal-type decapper capable of handling various sizes and shapes of primary sample containers, while the second decapper 2820 may be configured as a standardized-type decapper optimized for standard containers.

[0227] Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the first sample transfer line 2110 and the second sample transfer line 2120 may each include a consumables station 2300, a sample station 2200, a standard container station 2400, a sample transfer unit 2700, a first decapper 2810, and a second decapper 2820. Each sample transfer line 2110 and 2120 may operate independently. The sample transfer lines may be provided in a linear configuration and arranged in parallel.

[0228] Each sample transfer line may be configured to prepare a different type of primary sample. The first sample transfer line 2110 may prepare a first type of primary sample, and the second sample transfer line 2120 may prepare a second type of primary sample.

[0229] Referring to FIG. 1B, the first sample transfer unit 2710 and the gripper 2900 in the first sample transfer line 2110 may be combined into a modular composite structure. The first sample transfer unit 2710 and the gripper 2900 may move using the same transport mechanism.

[0230] In one embodiment, the first sample transfer unit (2710) may be combined into a modular composite structure where a sample transferring part (2711) and a gripping part (2712) are integrated into a single head. The sample transferring part (2711) is used to dispense a primary sample, and the gripping part (2712) may be used to grip a primary sample container and a standard container. The sample transferring part (2711) and the gripping part (2712) move together, but can operate independently.

[0231] In the second sample transfer line 2120, the second sample transfer unit 2720 may also be configured as a multi-functional structure that performs the functions of a gripper 2900. The second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured to grip and release collection elements or standard containers. In some cases, the second sample transfer unit 2720 may also be configured to grip primary sample containers.

[0232] Referring to FIG. 1C, the gripper 2900 in the first sample transfer line 2110 may be configured as a multi-functional structure that also performs the functions of the second decapper 2820. The gripper 2900 may be configured to grip and rotate the cap of a standard container to open or close it.

[0233] In the second sample transfer line 2120, the second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured as a multi-functional structure that performs the functions of the gripper 2900 and the second decapper 2820. The second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured to grip and release collection elements or standard containers, and simultaneously grip and rotate the cap of a standard container to open or close it.

[0234] Referring to FIG. 1D, the gripper 2900 in the first sample transfer line 2110 may be configured as a multi-functional structure that performs the functions of both the first decapper 2810 and the second decapper 2820. The gripper 2900 may be configured to grip and rotate the cap of either a primary sample container or a standard container to open or close it.

[0235] In the second sample transfer line 2120, the second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured as a multi-functional structure that performs the functions of the gripper 2900, the first decapper 2810, and the second decapper 2820. The second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured to grip and release collection elements or standard containers, and simultaneously grip and rotate the cap of either a primary sample container or a standard container to open or close it.

[0236] Referring to FIG. 1E, the second sample transfer unit 2720 in the second sample transfer line 2120 may be configured as a multi-functional structure that performs the functions of the gripper 2900, the first decapper 2810, and the second decapper 2820. The second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured to grip and release the second collection element or a standard container, and simultaneously grip and rotate the cap of either a primary sample container or a standard container to open or close it. Additionally, the second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured to transfer the prepared standard containers from both the first and second sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120 to the standby station 2620.

[0237]

[0238] FIGS. 2A to 2D

[0239] FIGS. 2A to 2D are schematic diagrams illustrating automated sample dispensing apparatuses 2010-2013 according to a second embodiment of this disclosure.

[0240] The automated sample dispensing apparatus 2010 may include: a first consumables station 2310 to which first collection elements are supplied, a second consumables station 2320 to which second collection elements are supplied, a waste bin 2610 for discarding used consumables, a sample station configured to selectively receive either first or second primary sample containers, a standard container station to which standard containers are supplied, and a standby station 2620 where prepared standard containers wait before being transferred to the next stage or device.

[0241] In this embodiment, the apparatus 2010 may prepare both the first and second types of primary samples using a single sample transfer line. The sample station may be variably configured to accommodate different types of primary sample containers. The arrows shown next to the sample station in the drawings indicate its adaptability. For example, the sample station may be configured to mount an adaptor or a universal sample rack.

[0242] To improve process efficiency, the apparatus 2010 may provide separate consumables stations for each sample type within a single sample transfer line. The first consumables station 2310 may be supplied with first collection elements for the first type of primary sample, and the second consumables station 2320 may be supplied with second collection elements for the second type of primary sample.

[0243] The first and second consumables stations 2310 and 2320 may be configured with identical specifications. Likewise, the first container holding the first collection elements and the second container holding the second collection elements may be configured identically. Therefore, either container may be selectively mounted on a single consumables station.

[0244] Referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the sample transfer unit 2710 of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2010 and 2011 may be configured to detachably couple with both the first and second collection elements. A single sample transfer unit 2710 may include two gripping hands: the first gripping hand 2711 may detachably couple with the first collection element, and the second gripping hand 2712 may detachably couple with the second collection element. The two gripping hands 2711 and 1712 may be positioned adjacent to each other without mutual interference.

[0245] In one embodiment, the sample transfer unit 2710 may constitute a modular composite structure in which the first gripping hand 2711 and the second gripping hand 2712 are integrated into a single head. The first gripping hand 2711 and the second gripping hand 2712 move together, but can operate independently.

[0246] The apparatus 2010 may prepare samples from both the first and second primary sample containers using a single sample transfer line 2110. When the first primary sample container is loaded into the sample station 2210, the first gripping hand 2711 of the sample transfer unit 2710 may couple with the first collection element from the first consumables station 2310 to perform sample preparation. When the second primary sample container is loaded into the sample station 2210, the second gripping hand 2712 of the sample transfer unit 2710 may couple with the second collection element from the second consumables station 2320 to perform sample preparation.

[0247] As shown in FIG. 2C and FIG. 2D, the first and second sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120 may be configured in a modular structure. These lines may share the same structural configuration, allowing a single transfer line to selectively prepare both types of primary samples. Configuring two transfer lines may improve process efficiency, and it is also possible to combine three or more transfer lines.

[0248] The first and second sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120 may share a loading unit. A single loading unit may distribute sample containers and consumables to multiple transfer lines. Additionally, contrary to the drawings, multiple transfer lines 2110 and 2120 may share a standby station 2620.

[0249] In one embodiment,, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2012 and 2013 may provide separate sample transfer lines for each type of primary sample. The apparatus may include a first sample transfer line 2110 for preparing the first type of primary sample and a second sample transfer line 2120 for preparing the second type, each operating independently. The same sample transfer unit 2710 and 2720 may be used in both the first and second sample transfer lines.

[0250] In another embodiment,, the apparatus 2012 and 2013 may prepare both types of primary samples using a single sample transfer unit 2700 within a single sample transfer line 2100. When the first primary sample container is supplied to the sample station 2200, the sample transfer unit 2700 may couple with the first collection element from the first consumables station 2310 and transfer the first type of primary sample to the standard container. When the second primary sample container is supplied to the sample station 2200, the sample transfer unit 2700 may couple with the second collection element from the second consumables station 2320 and transfer the second type of primary sample to the standard container.

[0251] Referring to FIG. 2C, the sample transfer unit 2710 and 2720 of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2012 may be configured to detachably couple with both the first and second collection elements. A single sample transfer unit 2710 and 2720 may include two gripping hands: the first gripping hand 2711 and 2721 may detachably couple with the first collection element, and the second gripping hand 2712 and 2722 may detachably couple with the second collection element. The two gripping hands 2711 and 2712, and 2721 and 2722 may be positioned adjacent to each other without mutual interference.

[0252] In one embodiment, the sample transfer unit 2710 and 2720 may constitute a modular composite structure in which the first gripping hand 2711 and 2721and the second gripping hand 2712 and 2722 are integrated into a single head. The first gripping hand 2711 and 2721 and the second gripping hand 2712 and 2722 move together, but can operate independently.

[0253] Referring to FIG. 2D, the sample transfer unit 2710 and 2720 of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2013 may be configured such that both the first and second collection elements are detachably coupled to a single gripping hand. For example, the gripping portions at one end of the first and second collection elements may have the same shape. If the first collection element is a pipette tip and the second is a swab, the swab may be configured with a gripping portion identical to that of the pipette tip. In this case, the sample transfer unit 2710 and 2720 may be a pipette, and the pipette may selectively couple with either the pipette tip or the swab.

[0254]

[0255] FIGS. 3A to 3C

[0256] FIGS. 3A to 3C are schematic diagrams illustrating automated sample dispensing apparatuses 2020-2022 according to a third embodiment of this disclosure.

[0257] The automated sample dispensing apparatus 2020 may include: a first consumables station 2310 to which first collection elements are supplied, a second consumables station 2320 to which second collection elements are supplied, a waste bin 2610 for discarding used consumables, a first sample station 2210 to which first primary sample containers are supplied, a second sample station 2220 to which second primary sample containers are supplied, a standard container station 2410 to which standard containers are supplied, and a standby station 2620 where prepared standard containers wait before being transferred to the next stage or device.

[0258] In this embodiment, the apparatus 2020 may provide separate sample stations 2210 and 2220 for different types of primary sample containers within a single sample transfer line. For example, the first sample station 2210 may be dedicated to first primary sample containers, and the second sample station 2220 may be dedicated to second primary sample containers.

[0259] Referring to FIG. 3A, the sample transfer unit 2710 may be configured to detachably couple with both the first and second collection elements. A single sample transfer unit 2710 may include two gripping hands 2711: the first gripping hand may couple with the first collection element, and the second gripping hand 2712 may couple with the second collection element. These gripping hands 2711 and 2712 may be positioned adjacent to each other without mutual interference.

[0260] Referring to FIG. 3B, the sample transfer unit 2710 may be configured such that both the first and second collection elements are detachably coupled to a single gripping hand. For example, the gripping portions at one end of the first and second collection elements may have the same shape. If the first collection element is a pipette tip and the second is a swab, the swab may be configured with a gripping portion identical to that of the pipette tip. In this case, the sample transfer unit 2710 may be a pipette, and the pipette may selectively couple with either the pipette tip or the swab.

[0261] Referring to FIG. 3C, the first sample transfer line 2110 and the second sample transfer line 2120 may each include a consumables station 2300, a sample station 2200, a standard container station 2400, a sample transfer unit 2700, and a first decapper 2810. The second decapper 2820 may be shared between the two sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120.

[0262] The first and second primary sample containers may be supplied to the sample stations 2200 of different transfer lines 2100, respectively. Likewise, the first and second collection elements may be supplied to the consumables stations 2300 of different transfer lines 2100. The standard containers may be supplied to a standard container station 2400 located at the junction of the two transfer lines.

[0263] The first and second sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120 may be arranged on the same axis and symmetrically positioned. For example, the first sample transfer line 2110 may include, from left to right, the first consumables station 2310, the first sample station 2210, and the first standard container station 2410. The second sample transfer line 2120 may include, from right to left, the second consumables station 2320, the second sample station 2220, and the second standard container station 2420. The standard container stations 2410 and 2420 of both lines may be positioned adjacent to each other, and the second decapper 2820 may operate commonly across both standard container stations 2410 and 2420.

[0264] Alternatively, and contrary to the drawings, the first and second sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120 may share a single standard container station. In this case, the operation schedules of the first and second sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120 are adjusted to prevent overlap at the single standard container station.

[0265] The controller may be configured to control the operation of the first sample transfer unit 2710 and the second sample transfer unit 2720 to avoid interference at the standard container station 2400. For example, while the first sample transfer unit 2710 transfers the first primary sample from the first primary sample container to the standard container at the standard container station 2410, the second sample transfer unit 2720 may collect the second primary sample from the second primary sample container.

[0266]

[0267] FIGS. 4A to 4C

[0268] FIGS. 4A to 4C are schematic diagrams illustrating automated sample dispensing apparatuses 2030 to 2032 according to a fourth embodiment of this disclosure.

[0269] Referring to FIG. 4A, the first sample transfer line 2110 and the second sample transfer line 2120 may each include a consumables station 2300, a sample station 2200, a sample transfer unit 2700, and a first decapper 2810. The two sample transfer lines may share a standard container station 2410 and a second decapper 2820.

[0270] The first and second primary sample containers may be supplied to the sample stations 2200 of different transfer lines, respectively. Likewise, the first and second collection elements may be supplied to the consumables stations 2300 of different transfer lines. However, the standard containers may be supplied to a standard container station 2410 located at the intersection of the two transfer lines.

[0271] The first and second sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120 may be arranged in parallel. In both lines, the consumables station and sample station may be arranged sequentially from the left, and the standard container station 2410 may be positioned to the right of the sample station 2210 in the first sample transfer line 2110.

[0272] The controller may be configured to control the operation of the first sample transfer unit 2710 and the second sample transfer unit 2720 to avoid interference at the standard container station 2410. For example, while the first sample transfer unit 2710 transfers the first primary sample to the standard container at the standard container station 2410, the second sample transfer unit 2720 may collect the second primary sample from the second primary sample container.

[0273] Referring to FIG. 4B, the first and second sample transfer lines 2110 and 2120 may share the consumables station 2310 and 2320, sample station 2210, sample transfer unit 2710, and first decapper 2810. Each line may include its own standard container station 2400 and second decapper 2820. The first and second standard container stations 2410 and 2420 may be arranged in parallel.

[0274] The first and second primary sample containers may be supplied to the same sample station 2210, and the first and second collection elements may be supplied to the same consumables station 2300. However, the standard containers may be supplied to separate standard container stations 2410 and 2420 for each transfer line.

[0275] The controller may be configured to control the operation of the first and second sample transfer units 2710 and 2720 to avoid interference at the shared consumables station 2310 and 2320 and sample stations 2210. For example, while the first sample transfer unit 2710 transfers the first primary sample to the standard container at the first standard container station 2410, the second sample transfer unit 2720 may collect the second primary sample from the second primary sample container.

[0276] Although FIG. 4B illustrates that the first sample transfer line 2110 and second sample transfer line 2120 are configured to interfere with each other on the path passing through the consumables stations 2310 and 2320 and sample station 2210, the lines may alternatively avoid interfering with each other by being set at different heights or including a bypass path.

[0277] Referring to FIG. 4C, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2032 may be provided in a modular structure. Each module may include a consumables station, a sample station, a standard container station, and a sample transfer unit. The modular structure may include serial combinations, parallel combinations, hybrid combinations, or multi-layered combinations. FIG. 4C illustrates a hybrid combination of serial and parallel modules.

[0278] In FIG. 4C, each module includes its own sample transfer unit. Alternatively, modules connected in series may share a sample transfer unit, and modules connected in parallel may share a standby station 2620.

[0279]

[0280] Reagent Station

[0281] An automated sample dispensing apparatus 2030 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may include a reagent station 2500 (including 2510, 2520, 2530, and 2540) to which reagents are supplied. The reagent station 2500 may accommodate a single reagent container or multiple reagent containers. The reagent containers may include various formats such as deep-well plates (DWP), tubs, cassettes, bottles, and tubes.

[0282] A reagent container may contain a single type of reagent or multiple types of reagents. In the latter case, the reagent container may be provided as a cartridge or kit. The reagent container may be a unit type (single-use) or a bulk type (multi-use).

[0283] The reagents may include those required for collecting a homogeneous and quantitative portion of the primary sample from the primary sample container, as well as those required for subsequent pretreatment steps. Depending on the type of primary sample, the reagent may be dispensed into the primary sample container or into the standard container. Furthermore, based on the sample type or the type of pretreatment to be performed, the reagent may be dispensed into an empty standard container or into a standard container that already contains the transferred primary sample.

[0284] Reagents may be prepared according to the type of primary sample. For liquid samples such as serum, plasma, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the reagents may include pH buffers, lysis buffers for disrupting cell membranes, and anticoagulants to prevent coagulation of whole blood. For viscous sputum samples, the reagents may include NALC-NaOH (N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide), DTT (Dithiothreitol), and wash / neutralization buffers for homogenization and liquefaction. For solid stool samples, the reagents may include stool suspension / lysis buffers for removing impurities and extracting target substances, diluents (e.g., saline, PBS) for adjusting concentration, and fixatives (e.g., formalin). For swab samples, the reagents may include lysis buffers, and for saliva samples, saliva stabilization / preservation reagents and diluents may be included.

[0285] Other reagents may also be used for the aforementioned sample types, and various matching reagents may be prepared for other types of samples.

[0286] The standard container station of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2030 may selectively supply pre-filled standard containers containing reagents or empty standard containers. By preparing pre-filled standard containers in advance, the apparatus may eliminate the reagent dispensing step and thereby reduce overall process time.

[0287] Standard containers may be categorized into those without pretreatment reagents and those pre-filled with such reagents. Depending on the type of primary sample contained in the primary sample container, a pretreatment reagent may or may not be required. Accordingly, either an empty standard container or a pre-filled standard container may be supplied. Pretreatment reagents may include phosphate buffered saline (PBS), lysis buffer, NALC-NaOH, proteinase K, saline buffer, and others.

[0288] The controller may be configured to supply a matching pre-filled or empty standard container based on information about the type of primary sample provided to the sample station. A storage unit located inside or outside the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2030 may store both pre-filled standard containers containing reagents and empty standard containers, categorized by sample type.

[0289]

[0290] FIGS. 5A to 5C

[0291] FIGS. 5A to 5C are schematic diagrams illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus 2040 to 2042 according to a fifth embodiment of this disclosure.

[0292] The automated sample dispensing apparatus 2040 according to the fifth embodiment may provide separate sample transfer lines for each type of primary sample. Specifically, the apparatus 2040 may independently provide a first sample transfer line 2110 for preparing a first type of primary sample, and a second sample transfer line 2120 for preparing a second type of primary sample. These two sample transfer lines may be arranged in parallel.

[0293] The automated sample dispensing apparatus 2040 may further include an identification sensor 2910 configured to acquire information regarding the type of primary sample from an identification label attached to the primary sample container. Based on the information acquired by the identification sensor 2910, the controller may selectively control the operation of either the first or second collection element.

[0294] Information about the sample may be provided in the form of identification codes such as a barcode, QR code, or RFID tag attached to the primary sample container. In this case, the identification sensor 2910 may include a sensor capable of recognizing such identification codes, such as a barcode scanner, QR code reader, or RFID reader.

[0295] Alternatively, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2040 may receive sample information directly from a main server such as a Laboratory Information System (LIS) or Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS). To enable this, the apparatus 2040 may include a wired or wireless communication module capable of communicating with the main server. Ethernet may be used for wired communication, while Wi-Fi or Bluetooth may be used for wireless communication.

[0296] These two methods may operate in conjunction. For example, the identification sensor 2910 may first read the barcode on the primary sample container to identify the sample, then transmit the identification data to the main server. The main server may then send detailed instructions to the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2040, such as required analysis items, necessary reagents, and dispensing volumes, thereby enabling precise operations.

[0297] Referring to FIG. 5A, the sample transfer line 2100 may include a consumables station 2300, a reagent station 2500, a sample station 2200, and a standard container station 2400. The reagent station 2500 may be located between the consumables station 2300 and the sample station 2200. However, the position of the reagent station 2500 may vary depending on operational requirements.

[0298] The automated sample dispensing apparatus 2040 may provide separate sample transfer lines for each type of primary sample. Specifically, the apparatus 2040 may independently provide a first sample transfer line 2110 for preparing a first type of primary sample and a second sample transfer line 2120 for preparing a second type of primary sample. These two sample transfer lines may be arranged in parallel.

[0299] The first sample transfer line 2110 may include a first consumables station 2310 to which the first collection element is supplied, and the sample transfer unit may be configured to couple with the first collection element. The second sample transfer line 2120 may include both the first consumables station 2310 and the second consumables station 2320, and the sample transfer unit may be configured to couple with either the first or second collection element.

[0300] In one embodiment, the first type of primary sample may be a liquid sample, the first collection element may be a pipette tip, and the first sample transfer unit 2710 may be configured as a pipette. The second type of primary sample may be a solid sample, the second collection element may be a swab, and the second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured as an integrated structure comprising a pipette and a gripper.

[0301] In one embodiment, the controller may be aware of the sample type before supplying the primary sample container, standard container, consumables, and reagents to each station. For example, the identification sensor 2910 located at the loading station may recognize the identification label of the primary sample container when the sample is loaded. Alternatively, the controller may receive information about the type of primary sample from the main server. In this case, the identification sensor 2910 located at the sample station may be used to verify whether the information known to the controller matches the information acquired by the identification sensor 2910.

[0302] Alternatively, when the primary sample container is supplied to the sample station 2200, the identification sensor 2910 may recognize the identification label of the container. Based on the information acquired by the identification sensor 2910, the controller may determine the types of reagents and consumables required. The necessary reagents and consumables are then supplied to the reagent station 2500 and the consumables station, respectively.

[0303] If the primary sample is liquid, the controller may supply the primary sample container to the sample station 2210 of the first sample transfer line 2110. If the sample is solid, it may be supplied to the sample station 2220 of the second sample transfer line 2120.

[0304] In one embodiment, the first sample transfer unit 2710, coupled with the first collection element, may aspirate reagent from the reagent container. Then, the first sample transfer unit 2710 may dispense the reagent into either the primary sample container or the standard container. The target container for reagent dispensing may be determined based on the sample information. Subsequently, the first sample transfer unit 2710 replaces the first collection element, then aspirates the sample from the primary sample container and transfers it to the standard container. In cases where the reagent is dispensed into the standard container, it is also possible to dispense the reagent after the sample has been transferred.

[0305] Alternatively, the first sample transfer unit 2710, coupled with the first collection element, may aspirate reagent from a reagent container. Then, the first sample transfer unit 2710 may dispense the reagent into either the primary sample container or the standard container. The target container for reagent dispensing may be determined based on the sample information. Subsequently, the second sample transfer unit 2720, coupled with the second collection element, may collect the sample from the primary sample container and transfer it to the standard container. In cases where the reagent is dispensed into the standard container, it is also possible to dispense the reagent after the sample has been transferred.

[0306] Referring to FIG. 5B, the sample transfer line 2100 may include a consumables station 2300, a sample station 2200, and a standard container station 2400. The standard container station 2400 may be supplied with either pre-filled standard containers containing reagents or empty standard containers.

[0307] The first sample transfer line 2110 may include a first consumable station 2310 to which a first collection element is supplied, and the sample transfer unit may be configured to couple with the first collection element. The second sample transfer line 2120 may include a second consumable station 2320 to which a second collection element is supplied, and the sample transfer unit may be configured to couple with the second collection element.

[0308] In one embodiment, the first type of primary sample may be a liquid sample, the first collection element may be a pipette tip, and the first sample transfer unit 2710 may be configured as a pipette. The second type of primary sample may be a solid sample, the second collection element may be a swab, and the second sample transfer unit 2720 may be configured as a gripper 2900.

[0309] Based on the information regarding the type of primary sample acquired by the identification sensor 2910, the controller determines the types of reagents and consumables required. The necessary reagents and consumables are supplied to the consumables station 2300 and the reagent station 2500, respectively. Specifically, if the controller determines that no reagent is required, an empty standard container may be supplied to the standard container station 2400. If reagent is required, a pre-filled standard container containing the necessary reagent may be supplied to the standard container station 2400.

[0310] If the primary sample is liquid, the controller supplies the primary sample container to the sample station 2210 of the first sample transfer line 2110. Or if the primary sample is solid, the controller supplies the primary sample container to the sample station 2220 of the second sample transfer line 2120.

[0311] The first sample transfer unit 2710, coupled with the first collection element, aspirates the sample from the primary sample container and transfers it to the standard container. The second sample transfer unit 2720, coupled with the second collection element, collects the sample from the primary sample container and transfers it to the standard container.

[0312] Comparing FIGS. 5A and 5B, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2040 shown in FIG. 5A allows the use of various commercially available reagent containers. Since only empty standard containers need to be managed, user convenience is increased.

[0313] In contrast, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2041 shown in FIG. 5B does not require a separate reagent station 2500, which is advantageous for miniaturizing the apparatus. Additionally, because the reagent dispensing process is unnecessary, the overall processing time can be reduced. Furthermore, the second sample transfer unit 2720 does not need to include a pipette, which may contribute to lowering the manufacturing cost of the product.

[0314] Referring to FIG. 5C, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2042 may further include: a first pretreatment reagent station 2530 to which a first pretreatment reagent container is supplied, a second pretreatment reagent station 2540 to which a second pretreatment reagent container is supplied, and a pretreatment standard container station 2440 to which pretreatment standard containers are supplied.

[0315] The first pretreatment reagent station 2530 may include a cold block, and the first reagent container may be housed in a holder of the cold block. The pretreatment reagent container may contain a reagent that requires storage at a relatively low temperature, and the cold block may be configured to surround the container to maintain the required temperature. For example, the first pretreatment reagent may be proteinase K.

[0316] The second pretreatment reagent container may contain a second pretreatment reagent, which may vary depending on the type of primary sample contained in the primary sample container. For example, the second pretreatment reagent may include PBS, lysis buffer, NALC-NaOH, proteinase K, or saline buffer, and the like.

[0317] The pretreatment standard container may be an empty standard container. Whether the pretreatment standard container is supplied may depend on the type of primary sample contained in the primary sample container. For example, after a centrifuge 2930 (see FIG. 6A) is operated, a supernatant may be generated in the first standard container in which the sample has been centrifuged, and the supernatant may be transferred to a second standard container.

[0318]

[0319] Supernatant Dispensing Sample Preparation

[0320] The process of transferring a sample from a primary sample container to a standard tube is merely a quantitative transfer of the required volume. Therefore, when debris or unnecessary precipitates are present in the primary sample, a supernatant separation process is required to isolate only the pure liquid components such as DNA, RNA, proteins, or specific metabolites.

[0321] Sample types that require supernatant separation include stool, tissue samples, whole blood, sputum, and saliva. For these samples, a certain amount is first transferred from the primary sample container to a first standard container. The first standard container is then subjected to sedimentation or centrifugation to separate the supernatant. Subsequently, only the supernatant from the first standard container is dispensed into a second standard container using a pipette.

[0322] Depending on the type of sample, a homogenization buffer, lysis buffer, or liquefaction treatment may be added prior to sedimentation or centrifugation.

[0323]

[0324] FIGS. 6A and 6B

[0325] FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic diagrams illustrating automated sample dispensing apparatuses 2050 and 2051 according to a sixth embodiment of this disclosure.

[0326] The automated sample dispensing apparatus 2050 according to the sixth embodiment may also be applicable to sample types for which transferring only the supernatant to a second standard container is essential.

[0327] The apparatus 2050 may provide separate sample transfer lines for each type of primary sample. Specifically, a first sample transfer line 2110 for preparing a first type of primary sample and a second sample transfer line 2120 for preparing a second type of primary sample may be independently provided. These two sample transfer lines may be arranged in parallel.

[0328] The apparatus 2050 may include a first standard container station 2410 to which a first standard container is supplied, and a second standard container station 2430 to which a second standard container is supplied. The primary sample is transferred to the first standard container, and the supernatant from the first standard container is dispensed into the second standard container.

[0329] Additionally, the apparatus 2050 may further include a centrifuge 2930 configured to centrifuge the sample in the first standard container to obtain the supernatant. The centrifuge 2930 may be located between the first standard container station 2410 and the second standard container station 2430.

[0330] Referring to FIG. 6A, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2050 may include a consumables station 2300, a reagent station 2500, a waste bin 2610, a sample station 2200, a first standard container station 2410, a centrifuge 2930, a second standard container station 2430, and a standby station 2620. Reagent containers may be supplied to the reagent station 2500, and empty standard containers may be supplied to both the first standard container station 2410 and the second standard container station 2430.

[0331] Referring to FIG. 6B, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2051 may include a consumables station, a waste bin 2610, a sample station 2200, a first standard container station 2410, a centrifuge 2930, a second standard container station 2430, and a standby station 2620. The first standard container station 2410 may be supplied with either a pre-filled standard container containing reagent or an empty standard container, while the second standard container station 2430 may be supplied with an empty standard container.

[0332] Referring to FIG. 6A, the first type of primary sample may be a sample with relatively low viscosity, and the second type of primary sample may be a sample with relatively high viscosity. For example, the first type of primary sample may be urine, and the second type may be sputum. The first collection element supplied to the first consumables station 2310 of the first sample transfer line 2110 may be a standard-diameter pipette tip, and the second collection element supplied to the second consumables station 2320 of the second sample transfer line 2120 may be a large-diameter pipette tip.

[0333] Referring to FIG. 6B, the first type of primary sample may be a liquid sample, and the second type may be a solid sample. For example, the first type of primary sample may be urine, and the second type may be stool. The first collection element supplied to the first consumables station 2310 of the first sample transfer line 2110 may be a pipette tip, and the second collection element supplied to the second consumables station 2320 of the second sample transfer line 2120 may be a swab.

[0334]

[0335] [Stool Sample]

[0336] FIG. 7is a conceptual diagram briefly illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus 2060 configured to process stool samples.

[0337] In one embodiment, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2060 may be capable of processing stool samples along with liquid samples. Stool samples are essential specimens for various diagnostic tests, including microbiome analysis, parasite detection, nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) extraction, and immunoassays. However, stool samples are inherently heterogeneous and exhibit very high viscosity due to the presence of food debris and other particulates.

[0338] Conventionally, operators manually collect a portion of stool from a primary sample container using a swab or spoon and transfer it into a reagent-filled tube.

[0339] This manual process presents several issues. (i) The quantity of the collected sample varies depending on the operator's skill level, resulting in poor quantitative reproducibility. (ii) The analysis results may differ depending on which part of the sample is collected, reducing reliability. (iii) Exposure of the sample during handling poses a potential infection risk to the operator and increases the possibility of cross-contamination. Processing multiple samples manually is time-consuming and inefficient.

[0340] Although some automated systems have been proposed to address these issues, the high viscosity and heterogeneity of stool samples often lead to clogging of pipette tips, and accurate quantitative dispensing remains challenging.

[0341] In one embodiment, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2060 may automate the entire process of quantitatively collecting stool samples, homogenizing them with reagents, and dispensing the homogenized sample into a second standard container for subsequent analysis. This automation maximizes the accuracy and reproducibility of the analytical results. Furthermore, by minimizing operator intervention, the apparatus can fundamentally eliminate the risk of cross-contamination and infection, while enabling rapid processing of large volumes of samples to improve testing throughput. Additionally, the apparatus may be designed with versatility and flexibility to accommodate various types of primary sample containers and standard analytical containers.

[0342] The following describes the apparatus and process for transferring a homogenized sample from a primary sample container containing stool to a second standard container.

[0343] In one embodiment, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2060 may include: a loading unit for introducing samples into the apparatus; a quantitative collection unit for transferring a measured amount of primary sample into a first standard container; a first homogenization unit for mixing the collected sample with reagents; a second dispensing unit for transferring the homogenized sample into a second standard container; and a controller for managing all these processes. These components may be modularly designed and configured in serial, parallel, or hybrid arrangements to flexibly expand the processing capacity and functionality of the apparatus.

[0344]

[0345] [Loading Unit and Sample Information Identification]

[0346] The loading unit is a region configured to receive primary sample containers containing stool samples. It may be implemented in various forms, such as a rack, a rotatable carousel, or a conveyor belt. Preferably, the loading unit is designed to accommodate commercially available containers of various sizes and shapes.

[0347] Additionally, the loading unit may be equipped with an identification sensor 2910 (e.g., barcode reader, QR scanner, RFID reader). The identification sensor 2910 reads identification codes attached to the primary sample containers and links the sample information to an external server such as a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS), or matches it with an internal database.

[0348]

[0349] [Quantitative Collection Unit]

[0350] The quantitative collection unit is configured to collect a defined amount of heterogeneous stool sample and may be implemented in various ways:

[0351] (i) Weight-based collection: A swab is used to transfer stool onto a first standard container placed on a load cell 2940. The controller receives real-time weight data from the load cell and stops the collection process once a predefined target weight is reached. This method ensures the most accurate quantification regardless of variations in sample density.

[0352] (ii) Image analysis-based collection: A camera and image processing algorithm may be used to calculate the volume or surface area of the sample adhered to the collection tip, thereby achieving quantitative control.

[0353] (iii) Volume-based collection: A collection probe having a screw or piston structure may be used. By rotating the screw to a specific angle or advancing the piston a certain distance, a corresponding volume of sample can be collected.

[0354] In one embodiment, the quantitative collection unit may utilize a swab. For example, a gripper 2900 or picker may grasp the swab and perform quantitative collection of stool from the primary sample container. The swab may be used when the primary sample is in a solid or mixed state. A solid sample may be picked using the swab, and a mixed sample may be picked or absorbed.

[0355] The swab may include a body and a head located at one end of the body. The head may be made of a material suitable for picking or absorbing solid or mixed samples, such as cotton or flocked fiber.

[0356] The sample transfer unit may include pipetting, gripping, picking, and vision functions. The sample transfer unit may couple a swab placed on the consumables station to a second gripping hand, move to the sample station, and position the swab above the opened primary sample container. Then, the sample transfer unit may perform a picking operation using the swab.

[0357] In one embodiment, the picking function may be used when the primary sample is stool. For example, stool may be used as a primary sample for gastrointestinal infection testing. Adult stool is typically solid, while infant stool is often mixed. Through the picking function, the sample transfer unit may pick solid samples or pick / absorb mixed samples.

[0358] The sample transfer unit may perform vision functions on the primary sample contained in the primary sample container placed at the sample station, using a vision unit 2950. The sample transfer unit may inspect the primary sample by illuminating the interior of the decapped primary sample container and analyzing the reflected light through the vision function.

[0359] Here, the inspection of the primary sample refers to identifying the location of the sample within the container and determining its physical state (e.g., liquid, solid, or mixed state containing both liquid and solid). For example, the sample transfer unit may use the vision unit 2950 to determine the state of the primary sample in the container. If the sample is in a solid state, the unit may identify the location of the solid sample (e.g., stool) within the container.

[0360] Optionally, the sample transfer unit may also determine the quantity of the primary sample using the vision unit 2950. Alternatively, the quantity may be measured using a load cell 2940 provided at the sample station.

[0361] After picking a portion of the primary sample from the container, the sample transfer unit may use the vision unit 2950 to verify whether the sample has been properly picked. For example, after identifying the location of the sample using the vision unit 2950, the sample transfer unit may use the head of a swab to collect a portion of the sample. However, if the collected amount is insufficient or the sample detaches from the swab head during the picking process, verification is necessary.

[0362] To ensure that a sufficient and quantitative amount of sample has been picked, the sample transfer unit may inspect the swab using the vision unit 2950 after the picking operation. The vision unit 2950 may include an RGB camera, near-infrared camera, hyperspectral camera, infrared camera, or 3D scanner.

[0363] Optionally, the sample transfer unit may rotate or vibrate the second gripping hand connected to the swab to facilitate the collection of the primary sample onto the swab head. The rotation of the second gripping hand may include spinning (where the rotation radius does not exceed the swab diameter) and orbiting (where the rotation radius exceeds the swab diameter). Additionally, the second gripping hand may rotate the swab along the inner wall of the primary sample container in a circumferential direction.

[0364] Optionally, the second gripping hand may tilt the swab. If vertical access to the target sample is limited, the swab may be tilted to approach and collect the target. The target sample location may be determined using the vision unit 2950.

[0365] Optionally, the sample transfer unit may include a gripper 2900, which may perform gripping and / or decapping / capping functions on the primary sample container. In other words, the sample transfer unit may grip the primary sample container and perform decapping and capping operations on the container placed at the sample station.

[0366] As described above, primary sample containers may vary in shape depending on the container type, and their caps may also vary in size and geometry. The gripper 2900 of the sample transfer unit may include an adjustable gripping section to accommodate caps of various sizes and shapes for decapping or capping.

[0367] Optionally, the sample transfer unit may include separate grippers 2900 for decapping or capping caps with relatively small diameters and caps with relatively large diameters.

[0368]

[0369] [Primary Homogenization Unit]

[0370] The primary homogenization unit is configured to transfer a quantitatively collected stool sample into a first standard container and generate a homogeneous primary mixture.

[0371] The first standard container may be: (i) a container into which a first reagent is dispensed from a reagent container, or (ii) a pre-filled standard container containing a predetermined amount of the first reagent. The first reagent may be, depending on the intended purpose, a diluent, a lysis buffer, or a stabilization buffer.

[0372] After the stool sample is introduced, the primary homogenization unit may perform mixing using various methods. For example, the unit may generate a homogeneous mixture by dispersing the clumped stool sample into the reagent through vortexing (high-speed vibration of the container), stirring (rotating a magnetic bar inside the container), or sonication (applying ultrasonic waves).

[0373] The primary homogenization unit may include a homogenizer 2920. The homogenizer 2920 may comprise a vortex generator, a stirrer, and an ultrasonic generator.

[0374]

[0375] [Secondary Dispensing Unit]

[0376] The secondary dispensing unit is a stage for preparing the final sample that can be directly used for subsequent analysis. A pipette capable of liquid handling precisely aspirates a predefined volume (e.g., 100 μL) of the primary mixture from the first standard container. The aspirated liquid is then dispensed into an empty second standard container to generate a secondary sample.

[0377] The second standard container may be a tube, plate, or cartridge that conforms to the specifications of downstream analytical equipment, such as PCR instruments or immunoassay systems. Through this process, a highly viscous and heterogeneous primary sample is transformed into a low-viscosity, homogeneous, and standardized sample that is ready for analysis.

[0378]

[0379] [Controller]

[0380] The controller may be configured using a microprocessor or computer and is configured to manage the overall operation of the apparatus. A user may set protocols (e.g., dispensing volume, mixing time) through an interface such as a touchscreen.

[0381] Based on sample information received from the identification sensor 2910, the controller may automatically execute predefined protocols, record the progress and any errors during each step, and transmit the final results to an external server such as a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) upon completion of the process.

[0382]

[0383] [Automated sample Dispensing System]

[0384] In one embodiment, the automated sample dispensing system may include an automated sample dispensing apparatus, a storage unit, a pretreatment unit, and a main controller.

[0385] The storage unit may store primary sample containers, consumables including collection elements, standard containers, and reagents. The storage unit may include a refrigerated compartment and an ambient-temperature compartment. Primary sample containers and certain reagents may be stored in the refrigerated compartment.

[0386] The storage unit may be detachably coupled to the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000. The term "detachably coupled" refers to: (i) a configuration in which the storage unit may function while physically attached to or detached from the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000, and (ii) a configuration in which the storage unit may function while spatially separated from the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000.

[0387] One of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 or the storage unit may include a supply unit configured to automatically transfer materials between the two components. (i) When the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 includes the supply unit, the movement range of the supply unit may extend to the storage unit. For example, the supply unit of the apparatus 2000 may access a loading station of the storage unit, and the storage unit may prepare the required materials at the loading station. (ii) When the storage unit includes the supply unit, the movement range of the supply unit may extend to the loading station of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000. For example, the supply unit of the storage unit may pick up materials prepared at its loading station and deliver them to the loading station of the apparatus 2000.

[0388] The supply unit may be configured as a transfer robot. The description of the loading unit previously provided may also apply to the transfer robot. The loading unit of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 may serve as the supply unit, and may receive materials from the storage unit and load them into respective stations.

[0389] The automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000 may transfer a portion of the sample into a standard container and store the remaining primary sample container in the storage unit. The primary sample container placed at the sample station may be moved to the loading station by the loading unit and then stored in the storage unit by the supply unit.

[0390] The storage unit may store primary sample containers before they are introduced into the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2000, and also store containers that contain remaining samples after partial transfer. In one embodiment, the storage unit may include a first refrigerated compartment and a second refrigerated compartment. The first refrigerated compartment may store primary sample containers prior to processing, and the second refrigerated compartment may store containers with remaining samples after partial transfer by the apparatus 2000.

[0391]

[0392] [Additional Embodiments]

[0393] Referring to FIGS. 8 through 18, additional embodiments of the automated sample dispensing system according to this disclosure are illustrated. The descriptions of the automated sample dispensing apparatus according to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 through 7 may be applied, to the extent necessary, to the automated sample dispensing systems of the additional embodiments shown in FIGS. 8 through 18. Likewise, the descriptions of the automated sample dispensing systems in FIGS. 8 through 18 may be applied, to the extent necessary, to the automated sample dispensing apparatuses described in FIGS. 1 through 7.

[0394]

[0395] FIGS. 8 through 11are diagrams illustrating exemplary embodiments of the automated sample dispensing system according to this disclosure. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram briefly illustrating an exemplary automated sample dispensing system. FIG. 9 is a plan view of an automated sample dispensing system according to one embodiment. FIG. 10 is a plan view of another embodiment of the automated sample dispensing system. FIG. 11 is a plan view of yet another embodiment of the automated sample dispensing system.

[0396] In the planar layout of the modular automated sample dispensing system 10, a first direction D1, a second direction D2, a third direction D3, a fourth direction D4, and a fifth direction D5 may be defined. For example, the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 may be substantially opposite to each other, and the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4 may also be substantially opposite to each other. The first and second directions D1, D2 may intersect with the third and fourth directions D3, D4, and may be substantially orthogonal. Furthermore, the fifth direction D5 may be substantially perpendicular to the first through fourth directions D1, D2, D3, and D4.

[0397]

[0398] Referring to FIG. 8, an automated sample dispensing system 10 according to one embodiment of this disclosure may include a storage module 11, a transfer module 12, an operation module 13, and a control module 990.

[0399] The control module 990 may include a storage module control unit, a transfer module control unit, and an operation module control unit. When multiple transfer modules are provided, the transfer module control unit may include multiple control parts. Even if some of the transfer modules are malfunctioning or under maintenance, the control parts corresponding to the functioning transfer modules may continue to operate normally.

[0400] Similarly, when multiple operation modules are provided, the operation module control unit may include multiple control parts. Even if some of the operation modules are malfunctioning or under maintenance, the control parts corresponding to the functioning operation modules may continue to operate normally.

[0401]

[0402] Referring to FIG. 9, in the automated sample dispensing system 10, reagent containers containing prepared samples may be transferred to the next-stage system by a second gripper 820. The next-stage system may be a pretreatment system 20 or an extraction system (not shown). For example, samples requiring pretreatment may be transferred to the pretreatment system 20, while samples that do not require pretreatment may be directly transferred to the extraction system.

[0403] Samples that typically do not require pretreatment may include plasma, serum, saliva, urine, or tissue culture media. However, depending on the specific case, these samples may also require pretreatment.

[0404] In one embodiment, the storage module 11 may include a tip storage device 410, a reagent storage device 350, a sample storage device 200, and a container storage device 450. The tip storage device 410 may store tip containers containing multiple tips. The reagent storage device 350 may store reagent containers. The sample storage device 200 may store primary sample containers containing initial samples. The container storage device 450 may store standard sample containers.

[0405] In one embodiment, the transfer module 12 may include a tip transfer device 80, a reagent transfer device 70, a sample transfer device 60, and a container transfer device 90. The tip transfer device 80 may receive tip containers from the tip storage device 410 and transfer them to a pipette unit 900. The reagent transfer device 70 may receive reagent containers from the reagent storage device 350 and transfer them to the pipette unit 900. The sample transfer device 60 may receive primary sample containers from the sample storage device 200 and transfer them to the pipette unit 900. The container transfer device 90 may receive standard sample containers from the container storage device 450 and transfer them to the pipette unit 900.

[0406] The transfer lines of the transfer module 12 may include bi-directional linear movement paths along a third direction D3 and a fourth direction D4. The transfer module 12 may include supply lines 510, 520, 530, and 540 for transporting materials from the storage module 11, and storage lines 515, 525, 535, and 545 for returning used materials to the storage module 11.

[0407] Additionally, the transfer module 12 may include transfer units 710, 720, 730, and 740 that move along the supply lines, and transfer units 715, 725, 735, and 745 that move along the storage lines. Each of these transfer units may move linearly in both the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4.

[0408] By separating the transfer lines into supply lines and storage lines, continuous loading becomes possible. If both supply and storage operations were performed along a single transfer line, no new material could be supplied until the previously used material is returned to the storage module 11. However, by providing distinct supply and storage lines, used materials can be moved along the storage line while new materials are simultaneously supplied via the supply line.

[0409] The transfer module 12 may further include stations 435, 445, 375, 225, 230, 475, and 480 that connect the supply lines and the storage lines. The transfer module 12 may also include means for moving materials from the supply line to the station or from the station to the storage line. For example, the transfer unit may include a function for moving between transfer lines, or the transfer module 12 may include a separate pusher.

[0410] The tip transfer device 80 may include bi-directional transfer lines 510 and 515 and a pair of transfer units 710 and 715. The reagent transfer device 70 may include bi-directional transfer lines 520 and 525 and a pair of transfer units 720 and 725. The sample transfer device 60 may include bi-directional transfer lines 530 and 535 and a pair of transfer units 730 and 735. The container transfer device 90 may include bi-directional transfer lines 540 and 545 and a pair of transfer units 740 and 745.

[0411] In one embodiment, the operation module 13 may include a pipette unit 900, a first decapper 250, and a second decapper 485.

[0412] The pipette unit 900 may receive and attach pipette tips from a tip container delivered by the tip transfer device 80. It may aspirate reagents from reagent containers delivered by the reagent transfer device 70 and dispense them into either primary sample containers or standard sample containers. Additionally, it may aspirate primary samples from containers delivered by the sample transfer device 60 and dispense them into standard sample containers.

[0413] The first decapper 250 may open and close the lid of a primary sample container delivered by the sample transfer device 60. The second decapper 485 may open and close the lid of a standard sample container delivered by the container transfer device 90.

[0414] The sample storage device 200 may store at least two types of primary samples or at least two types of primary sample containers. The types of primary samples may include urine, liquid-based cytology (LBC), semen, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, saliva, respiratory sputum (RP sputum), tuberculosis sputum (TB sputum), bronchial washing fluid, and stool. The types of primary sample containers may include tubes of various diameters.

[0415] The sample transfer device 60 may be configured to transfer different types of primary sample containers. For example, if the sample transfer device 60 includes a gripper, the gripper may be configured to grip tubes of various diameters.

[0416] The pipette unit 900 may primarily move along a bi-directional linear movement path. The linear movement path 910 of the pipette unit 900 may intersect with the transfer lines 510, 515 of the tip transfer device 80, the transfer lines 520, 525 of the reagent transfer device 70, the transfer lines 530, 535 of the sample transfer device 60, and the transfer lines 540, 545 of the container transfer device 90. This movement may occur along a first direction D1 and a second direction D2.

[0417] Here, the term "primarily" indicates that the pipette unit 900 may also move slightly in a direction perpendicular to the linear movement path 910 on the planar surface. For example, the pipette unit 900 may move in a direction perpendicular to the linear path by the width or length of a tip container.

[0418] In one example, if multiple tips are arranged in an m-row by n-column configuration (where m and n are integers greater than or equal to 2), the pipette unit 900 may use the n tips in the first row, then move to the second row, and repeat this operation until all tips in the m rows are used.

[0419] The pipette unit 900 may move along a movement rail extending in the first and second directions D1 and D2. In contrast, movement in the third and fourth directions D3 and D4 may be achieved without a dedicated rail, using a linear drive mechanism. For example, the pipette unit 900 may perform small movements using mechanisms such as a lead screw, ball screw, rack and pinion, cam structure, or belt and pulley.

[0420] Alternatively, the pipette unit 900 may move only along the bi-directional linear movement path. In this case, the structure of the pipette unit 900 may be simplified. However, to access tips arranged in an m-row by n-column configuration, the tip transfer device 80 must move the tip container in the third and fourth directions D3 and D4.

[0421] To achieve this, the transfer unit 710 may move the tip container, or a positioning station 440 provided on the transfer lines 510 and 515 may move the tip container. For example, the positioning station 440 may move a predefined distance in the third direction D3. When the positioning station 440 moves by the predefined distance, the pipette unit 900 may access the n tips located in the next row.

[0422] To implement such functionality, the positioning station 440 may include at least one position-shifting member.

[0423] The first decapper 250 may be configured to open and close the lids of various types of primary sample containers. For example, the jaw that grips the lid in the first decapper 250 may be designed to conform to lids of different diameters.

[0424] Additionally, the first decapper 250 may perform bi-directional linear movement along the transfer lines 530 and 535 of the sample transfer device 60, and the second decapper 485 may perform bi-directional linear movement along the transfer lines 540 and 545 of the container transfer device 90. Both the first and second decappers may move across the movement path 910 of the pipette unit 900. The first decapper 250 and the second decapper 485 may open lids on one side of the pipette unit's movement path and close lids on the opposite side. By performing lid operations outside the movement path 910 of the pipette unit 900, interference with the pipette unit's movement can be avoided, thereby reducing overall process time.

[0425] Furthermore, by separating the lid opening space 225, 275 and the lid closing space 230, 480, lid opening and closing operations for different containers can be performed simultaneously, further reducing the total process time.

[0426] The storage module 11 may include a storage area and a pickup area. The storage area may store various materials, and the pickup area may be positioned closer to the transfer module 12. The transfer units of the transfer module 12 may access the pickup area to receive materials or return used materials. The storage module 11 may further include a pickup unit configured to move materials between the storage area and the pickup area.

[0427] The storage module 11 may include a temperature control device. For example, the reagent storage device 350 and the sample storage device 200 may include temperature control devices to maintain required temperatures. Additionally, if reagents are preloaded into standard sample containers, the container storage device 450 may also require a temperature control device.

[0428]

[0429] Referring to FIG. 10,the automated sample dispensing system 10 may include a first and a second tip storage device 410 and 411, and may further include a first tip transfer device 80 connected to the first tip storage device 410, and a second tip transfer device 81 connected to the second tip storage device 411. The second tip storage device 411 and the second tip transfer device 81 may be disposed on one side (second direction D2) of the first tip storage device 410 and the first tip transfer device 80. Furthermore, the movement path 910 of the pipette transfer unit 900 may be extended to the transfer line 511 and 516 of the second tip transfer device 81.

[0430] Unless otherwise described, the configurations of the second tip storage device 411 and the second tip transfer device 81 may be understood to be the same as those of the first tip storage device 410 and the first tip transfer device 80.

[0431] The second tip storage device 411 may store second tip containers 421 that include tips having different diameters from the tips included in the first tip containers 420 stored in the first tip storage device 410. The second tip transfer device 81 may transfer second tip containers 421 that include tips having different diameters from the tips included in the first tip containers 420 transferred by the first tip transfer device 80. For example, the tips included in the second tip containers 421 may have larger diameters than those in the first tip containers, and may be capable of aspirating highly viscous sample types (e.g., sputum) or lumped sample types (e.g., feces). The tip volume may be classified into three categories: less than 10 μL, 10-200 μL, and more than 200 μL. The tip bore size may be classified as small (0.7 mm), medium (1.2 mm), and large (3.2 mm).

[0432] Alternatively, the second tip storage device 411 may store second tip containers 421 that include tips having different shapes or functions from the tips included in the first tip containers 420 stored in the first tip storage device 410. The second tip transfer device 81 may transfer second tip containers 421 that include tips having different shapes or functions from the tips included in the first tip containers 420 transferred by the first tip transfer device 80. For example, the tips included in the second tip containers 421 may include filtered tips for aspirating samples with many impurities (e.g., feces), straw-shaped tips for aspirating highly viscous samples (e.g., sputum), or sampling sticks having micro-protrusions or grooves.

[0433] Meanwhile, one or more of the stations 220 and 470, which position a primary sample container or a standard sample container for aspiration or dispensing by the pipette unit 900, may include a heater. The heater may include a resistive heater, an infrared heater, a fluid circulation heater, an induction heater, or a Peltier-type heater. As the container placed on the station 220 or 470 is heated, agitation of the sample may be accelerated.

[0434] The stations 220 and 470, where the pipette unit 900 aspirates from or dispenses into the primary or standard sample containers, may be referred to as processing stations. The stations 225 and 475, which are located on one side of the processing stations 220 and 470 and receive containers from supply lines 530 and 540, may be referred to as input stations. The stations 230 and 480, which are located on the opposite side of the processing stations 220 and 470 and send containers to storage lines 535 and 545, may be referred to as output stations.

[0435]

[0436] Referring to FIG. 11, the automated sample dispensing system 10 may be provided in a modular structure.

[0437] In one embodiment, the modular automated sample dispensing system 10 may include a plurality of modules that are modularly structured and combinable with each other. Furthermore, each module may include a plurality of devices that are modularly structured and combinable with each other. In this disclosure, the term "modular" refers to a structure in which the device is composed of multiple independent and interchangeable modules, each performing a unique function while operating as part of the overall system. These modules may be added, removed, replaced, or expanded as needed, allowing for flexible adjustment of the device's design and functionality.

[0438] Specifically, adopting a modular structure may provide advantages such as scalability, allowing easy expansion of performance or functionality by adding or replacing modules; flexibility, enabling replacement of individual modules without halting the entire system when a module fails or is unnecessary; maintainability, allowing easier maintenance by managing each module separately; reusability, enabling the same module to be reused in other devices or systems; and design simplification, by dividing complex functions into independent modules.

[0439] Storage modules 11 and transfer modules 12 may be continuously connected in the first direction D1. This connection direction may be referred to as a serial connection, which indicates that the movement path 910 of the pipette unit 900 is connected in series. The transfer modules 12 connected in series may share the movement path 910 of the pipette unit 900. For example, the pipette unit 900 may move from the storage line 515 located at the far end in the second direction D2 to the connection station 575 located at the far end in the first direction D1. Multiple pipette units 900 may be provided that share the same movement path 910. Each of the transfer modules 12 connected in series may include decappers 250 and 485.

[0440] Meanwhile, adjacent transfer devices may share transfer units of adjacent supply and storage lines. For example, the storage line 515 of the tip transfer device 80 and the supply line 520 of the reagent transfer device 70 may share the transfer unit 720.

[0441] Additionally, with respect to a single storage module 11, multiple transfer modules 12 and pipette units 900 may be continuously connected in the fourth direction D4. This connection direction may be referred to as a parallel connection, which indicates that the movement path 910 of the pipette unit 900 is connected in parallel. The transfer modules 12 connected in parallel may share transfer lines and transfer units. For example, the supply line 530 and storage line 535 of the sample transfer device 60, and the transfer units 730 and 740, may be provided as a single structure.

[0442] Positioning stations 220 may be provided at the intersection points of the movement paths of the multiple pipette units 900. Additionally, connection stations 570 and first decappers 250 may be provided respectively to correspond to the multiple pipette units 900.

[0443] Meanwhile, multiple transfer units 730 may be provided on a single supply line 530, and multiple transfer units 740 may be provided on a single storage line 535.

[0444] Furthermore, the pipette units 900 connected in parallel may share a single transfer module 12. Decappers 250 and 485 may also be provided in multiple numbers to correspond to the pipette units 900 connected in parallel.

[0445] FIGs. 12 to 14are diagrams illustrating a modular pretreatment system according to exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For example, the modular pretreatment system may be configured as a standalone system, or as a modular system connectable to other systems, such as an extraction system or a PCR testing system.

[0446] FIG. 12 is a plan view illustrating a modular pretreatment system according to exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating an automated sample dispensing subsystem included in the modular pretreatment system of FIG. 12, and FIG. 14 is a plan view illustrating a pretreatment subsystem included in the modular pretreatment system of FIG. 12.

[0447] FIGs. 15 to 18are plan views illustrating operation states of the modular pretreatment system according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0448] The modular pretreatment system 1000 may include an automated sample dispensing subsystem 10, a pre-analytic subsystem 20, an expandable part 50, a controller 990, a first gripper 800, and a second gripper 820.

[0449] Here, the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may include a first pipette unit 900, a sample storage device 200, a reagent storage device 300, a consumables storage device 400, a first tip waste container 850, a transfer line 590, a transfer unit 700, a station 190, a first decapper 250, and a second decapper 485.

[0450] The targets supplied by the sample storage device 200, reagent storage device 300, and consumables storage device 400 may be referred to as supplies or materials.

[0451] The reagent storage device 300 may include a first reagent storage device 310 and a second reagent storage device 350. The consumables storage device 400 may include a tip storage device 410, a first container storage device 450, and a second container storage device 490.

[0452] The station 190 may include a first positioning station 430, a second positioning station 330, a third positioning station 440, a fourth positioning station 370, a fifth positioning station 220, a sixth positioning station 470, a seventh positioning station 480, an eighth positioning station 505, a first standby station 435, a second standby station 335, a third standby station 445, a fourth standby station 375, a fifth standby station 225, a sixth standby station 475, a seventh standby station 507, and an eighth standby station 230.

[0453] The transfer line 590 may include a first transfer line 510, a second transfer line 515, a third transfer line 520, a fourth transfer line 525, a fifth transfer line 530, a sixth transfer line 535, a seventh transfer line 540, an eighth transfer line 545, a ninth transfer line 550, a tenth transfer line 555, an eleventh transfer line 560, a twelfth transfer line 565, a first connection station 570, and a second connection station 575. Here, the first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh transfer lines (510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560) may be referred to as supply lines for supplying materials, and the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth transfer lines (515, 525, 535, 545, 555, 565) may be referred to as storage lines for storing materials.

[0454] Furthermore, the transfer unit 700 may include a first transfer unit 710, a second transfer unit 715, a third transfer unit 720, a fourth transfer unit 725, a fifth transfer unit 730, a sixth transfer unit 735, a seventh transfer unit 740, an eighth transfer unit 745, a ninth transfer unit 750, a tenth transfer unit 755, an eleventh transfer unit 760, and a twelfth transfer unit 765.

[0455] The transfer line 590 and the transfer unit 700 may utilize a conveyor system, a pick-and-place robot system, a vacuum conveyor system, or a linear system. The conveyor system may include a roller conveyor, a belt conveyor, or a chain conveyor, along with a pallet. The pick-and-place robot system may include a rail or a robot arm and a gripper. The vacuum conveyor system may include a vacuum conveyor and vacuum pads. The linear system may include a ball screw rail or LM guide rail, and a trolley or carrier.

[0456] Meanwhile, the pre-analytic subsystem 20 may include a second pipette unit 920, a processing preparation station 600, a processing module 100, a second tip waste container 940, a liquid waste container 950, a decapper 960, and a termination station 970.

[0457] The processing module 100 may include a first processing unit 110, a second processing unit 120, a third processing unit 130, a fourth processing unit 140, and a fifth processing unit 150. The processing preparation station 600 may include a first station 610, a second station 620, and a preliminary station 630.

[0458] One side of the modular pretreatment system 1000 (e.g., the left side in the drawing) may include the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10, and the opposite side of the modular pretreatment system 1000 (e.g., the right side in the drawing) may include the pre-analytic subsystem 20.

[0459] The tip storage device 410 may be located in a first portion of the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 (e.g., the left portion in the drawing). Spaced apart from the tip storage device 410 in the fourth direction D4, the following components may be located: a first transfer unit 710, a second transfer unit 715, a first transfer line 510, a second transfer line 515, a first standby station 435, a first positioning station 430, a third standby station 445, and a third positioning station 440.

[0460] The tip storage device 410 may store tip containers 420, each containing a plurality of tips, and may supply the tip containers 420 to the first transfer line 510.

[0461] For example, the tips may include pipette tips connectable to the first pipette unit 900 and the second pipette unit 920. The plurality of tips may be arranged within the tip container 420. In other words, when the first and second pipette units 900 and 920 aspirate or dispense samples or reagents, the tips may be connected to each of the pipette units 900 and 920.

[0462] In another exemplary embodiment, the tip container 420 may include a tip container 420 containing type A tips with relatively small diameters and a tip container 420 containing type B tips with relatively large diameters. Depending on the type of sample, either the tip container 420 containing type A tips or the tip container 420 containing type B tips may be selectively supplied to the first transfer line 510.

[0463] The first transfer unit 710 and the second transfer unit 715 may be located on both sides of the first transfer line 510 and the second transfer line 515. The first transfer unit 710 may be positioned adjacent to the first transfer line 510 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the first transfer unit 710 may have a bi-directional movement path. The first transfer unit 710 may grip a tip container 420 supplied from the tip storage device 410 and move the tip container 420 along the first transfer line 510. The first transfer unit 710 may place the tip container 420 at a predetermined portion of the first transfer line 510 (e.g., adjacent to the first standby station 435 and the third standby station 445).

[0464] The second transfer unit 715 may be positioned adjacent to the second transfer line 515 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the second transfer unit 715 may have a bi-directional movement path. The second transfer unit 715 may grip an empty tip container 420, from which all tips have been used, and move the empty tip container 420 along the second transfer line 515.

[0465] A first portion of the tip storage device 410 may be adjacent to the first transfer line 510, and the first transfer line 510 may extend in the fourth direction D4. The first portion of the tip storage device 410 may correspond to the area where tip containers 420 are supplied to the first transfer line 510. For example, the tip storage device 410 may provide tip containers 420 to a portion of the first transfer line 510 adjacent to the first portion of the tip storage device 410. In such a case, the tip containers 420 may be moved from the tip storage device 410 to the first transfer line 510 using a transfer unit included in the tip storage device 410 or using the first transfer unit 710.

[0466] In an exemplary embodiment, when the first transfer unit 710 places the tip container 420 at a predetermined portion of the first transfer line 510, the first transfer line 510 may move the tip container 420 to the first standby station 435 or the third standby station 445. The first standby station 435 and the third standby station 445 may function as locations where the tip container 420 waits to be quickly supplied to the first positioning station 430 and the third positioning station 440, respectively.

[0467] A second portion of the tip storage device 410 (e.g., the right portion in the drawing) may be adjacent to the second transfer line 515, and the second transfer line 515 may extend in the fourth direction D4. In other words, the second transfer line 515 may extend substantially parallel to the first transfer line 510. The second portion of the tip storage device 410 may correspond to the area where empty tip containers 420 are stored back into the tip storage device 410. For example, an empty tip container 420 located at a portion of the second transfer line 515 adjacent to the second portion of the tip storage device 410 may be stored into the tip storage device 410. In such a case, the empty tip container 420 may be moved from the second transfer line 515 to the tip storage device 410 using a transfer unit included in the tip storage device 410 or using the second transfer unit 715.

[0468] In an exemplary embodiment, the second transfer line 515 may include the first positioning station 430, the first standby station 435, the third positioning station 440, and the third standby station 445. The second transfer line 515 may move a tip container 420, transferred from the first transfer line 510 to the first standby station 435, to the first positioning station 430. The tip container 420 transferred to the first positioning station 430 may always be positioned at a predetermined location. For example, one of the tip containers 420 supplied from the tip storage device 410 may be located at the first positioning station 430, and the first gripper 800 may grip the tip container 420 located at the first positioning station 430. To enable this operation, the tip container 420 must always be positioned at the predetermined location within the first positioning station 430. To implement such functionality, the first positioning station 430 may include at least one position adjustment member.

[0469] Similarly, the second transfer line 515 may move a tip container 420, transferred from the first transfer line 510 to the third standby station 445, to the third positioning station 440. The tip container 420 transferred to the third positioning station 440 may always be positioned at a predetermined location. For example, one of the tip containers 420 supplied from the tip storage device 410 may be located at the third positioning station 440, and the first pipette unit 900 may connect to a tip included in the tip container 420 located at the third positioning station 440. To enable this operation, the tip container 420 must always be positioned at the predetermined location within the third positioning station 440. To implement such functionality, the third positioning station 440 may include at least one position adjustment member.

[0470] In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of tips included in the tip container 420 may be arranged inmrows andncolumns, wheremandnare integers greater than or equal to 2. For example, if the first pipette unit 900 is movable only in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2, and the tips are arranged in 10 rows and 10 columns, the first pipette unit 900 may use the 10 tips located in the first row. Afterward, the third positioning station 440 may move in the third direction D3 by a predetermined distance. When the third positioning station 440 moves by the predetermined distance in the third direction D3, the first pipette unit 900 may use the 10 tips located in the second row. To implement such functionality, the third positioning station 440 may include at least one position shifting member.

[0471] Optionally, the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may further include a waste container located adjacent to the second transfer line 515, and the empty tip container 420 may be discharged into the waste container via the second transfer unit 715.

[0472] It should be noted that although the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 has been described as including two transfer lines for transporting tip containers 420, the configuration of this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, in another exemplary embodiment, two transfer lines and one connection station may be arranged for transporting tip containers 420. A detailed description of the two transfer lines and the one connection station will be provided later.

[0473] The second reagent storage device 350 may be located in a second portion of the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10. Spaced apart from the second reagent storage device 350 in the fourth direction D4, the following components may be located: a third transfer unit 720, a fourth transfer unit 725, a third transfer line 520, a fourth transfer line 525, a fourth positioning station 370, and a fourth standby station 375.

[0474] The second reagent storage device 350 may store second reagent containers 360, each containing a second reagent, and may supply the second reagent containers 360 to the third transfer line 520. The types of second reagents may be two or more. For example, the second reagents may include phosphate buffered saline (PBS), lysis buffer, NALC-NaOH, proteinase K, saline buffer, and others. In an exemplary embodiment, the second reagent storage device 350 may be maintained at a predetermined temperature to store the second reagents.

[0475] The third transfer unit 720 and the fourth transfer unit 725 may be located on both sides of the third transfer line 520 and the fourth transfer line 525. The third transfer unit 720 may be positioned adjacent to the third transfer line 520 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the third transfer unit 720 may have a bi-directional movement path. The third transfer unit 720 may grip a second reagent container 360 supplied from the second reagent storage device 350 and transfer the second reagent container 360 along the third transfer line 520. The third transfer unit 720 may place the second reagent container 360 at a predetermined portion of the third transfer line 520, for example, adjacent to the fourth standby station 375.

[0476] The fourth transfer unit 725 may be positioned adjacent to the fourth transfer line 525 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the fourth transfer unit 725 may have a bi-directional movement path. The fourth transfer unit 725 may grip an empty second reagent container 360, from which the second reagent has been fully used, and move the empty container along the fourth transfer line 525.

[0477] Furthermore, the second reagent containers 360 may include containers containing type A second reagent and containers containing type B second reagent. To move a container containing type B second reagent from the fourth standby station 375 to the fourth positioning station 370, the fourth transfer unit 725 may grip a container containing type A second reagent (e.g., a container with a remaining portion of type A reagent) located at the fourth positioning station 370 and move it along the fourth transfer line 525. The container with a remaining portion of type A second reagent may be stored in the second reagent storage device 350 and may be reused.

[0478] In an exemplary embodiment, the second reagent storage device 350 may include a cover member for sealing the top of the container with a remaining portion of type A second reagent, and the container may be stored in the second reagent storage device 350 in a sealed state.

[0479] A first portion of the second reagent storage device 350 may be adjacent to the third transfer line 520, and the third transfer line 520 may extend in the fourth direction D4. The first portion of the second reagent storage device 350 may correspond to the area where second reagent containers 360 are supplied to the third transfer line 520. For example, the second reagent storage device 350 may provide second reagent containers 360 to a portion of the third transfer line 520 adjacent to the first portion of the second reagent storage device 350. In such a case, the second reagent containers 360 may be moved from the second reagent storage device 350 to the third transfer line 520 using a transfer unit included in the second reagent storage device 350 or using the third transfer unit 720.

[0480] In an exemplary embodiment, when the third transfer unit 720 places the second reagent container 360 at a predetermined portion of the third transfer line 520, the third transfer line 520 may move the container to the fourth standby station 375. The fourth standby station 375 may function as a location where the second reagent container 360 waits to be quickly supplied to the fourth positioning station 370.

[0481] A second portion of the second reagent storage device 350 may be adjacent to the fourth transfer line 525, and the fourth transfer line 525 may extend in the fourth direction D4. In other words, the fourth transfer line 525 may extend substantially parallel to the third transfer line 520. The second portion of the second reagent storage device 350 may correspond to the area where empty second reagent containers 360 are stored back into the second reagent storage device 350, or where containers with a remaining portion of type A second reagent are stored.

[0482] For example, an empty second reagent container 360 or a container with a remaining portion of type A second reagent, located at a portion of the fourth transfer line 525 adjacent to the second portion of the second reagent storage device 350, may be stored into the second reagent storage device 350. In such a case, the container may be moved from the fourth transfer line 525 to the second reagent storage device 350 using a transfer unit included in the second reagent storage device 350 or using the fourth transfer unit 725.

[0483] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth transfer line 525 may include the fourth positioning station 370 and the fourth standby station 375. The fourth transfer line 525 may move a second reagent container 360, transferred from the third transfer line 520 to the fourth standby station 375, to the fourth positioning station 370. The second reagent container 360 transferred to the fourth positioning station 370 may always be positioned at a predetermined location.

[0484] For example, one of the second reagent containers 360 supplied from the second reagent storage device 350 may be located at the fourth positioning station 370, and the first pipette unit 900 may aspirate the second reagent from the container located at the fourth positioning station 370. To enable this operation, the second reagent container 360 must always be positioned at the predetermined location within the fourth positioning station 370. To implement such functionality, the fourth positioning station 370 may include at least one position adjustment member.

[0485] Optionally, the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may further include a waste container located adjacent to the fourth transfer line 525, and the empty second reagent container 360 may be discharged into the waste container via the fourth transfer unit 725.

[0486] It should be noted that although the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 has been described as including two transfer lines for transporting second reagent containers 360, the configuration of this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, in another exemplary embodiment, two transfer lines and one connection station may be arranged for transporting second reagent containers 360. A detailed description of the two transfer lines and the one connection station will be provided later.

[0487] The sample storage device 200 may be located in a third portion of the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10. Spaced apart from the sample storage device 200 in the fourth direction D4, the following components may be located: a fifth transfer unit 730, a sixth transfer unit 735, a fifth transfer line 530, a first connection station 570, a sixth transfer line 535, an eighth standby station 230, a fifth positioning station 220, a fifth standby station 225, and a first decapper 250.

[0488] The sample storage device 200 may store primary sample containers 210, each containing a sample, and may supply the primary sample containers 210 to the fifth transfer line 530. The types of samples may be two or more. In an exemplary embodiment, the sample storage device 200 may be maintained at a predetermined temperature to store the samples. For example, the samples may include urine, LBC (Liquid-Based Cytology), semen, FFPE (Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded), saliva, respiratory sputum (RP sputum), tuberculosis sputum (TB sputum), bronchial washing, raw stool, and others.

[0489] Additionally, the shapes of the primary sample containers 210 may vary depending on the type of sample. Optionally, in a pretreatment preparation system connected to the modular pretreatment system 1000, various types of samples may be transferred into standardized containers (e.g., tubes), and the standardized containers may be provided to the sample storage device 200 of the modular pretreatment system 1000.

[0490] The fifth transfer unit 730 and the sixth transfer unit 735 may be located on both sides of the fifth transfer line 530 and the sixth transfer line 535. The fifth transfer unit 730 may be positioned adjacent to the fifth transfer line 530 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the fifth transfer unit 730 may have a bi-directional movement path. The fifth transfer unit 730 may grip a primary sample container 210 supplied from the sample storage device 200 and transfer the container along the fifth transfer line 530. The fifth transfer unit 730 may place the primary sample container 210 at a predetermined portion of the fifth transfer line 530, for example, adjacent to the fifth standby station 225.

[0491] The sixth transfer unit 735 may be positioned adjacent to the sixth transfer line 535 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the sixth transfer unit 735 may have a bi-directional movement path. The sixth transfer unit 735 may grip an empty primary sample container 210 (or a container 211 with a remaining portion of the sample) and transfer it along the sixth transfer line 535.

[0492] A first portion of the sample storage device 200 may be adjacent to the fifth transfer line 530, and the fifth transfer line 530 may extend in the fourth direction D4. The first portion of the sample storage device 200 may correspond to the area where primary sample containers 210 are supplied to the fifth transfer line 530. For example, the sample storage device 200 may provide primary sample containers 210 to a portion of the fifth transfer line 530 adjacent to the first portion of the sample storage device 200. In such a case, the containers may be moved from the sample storage device 200 to the fifth transfer line 530 using a transfer unit included in the sample storage device 200 or using the fifth transfer unit 730.

[0493] In an exemplary embodiment, when the fifth transfer unit 730 places the primary sample container 210 at a predetermined portion of the fifth transfer line 530, the fifth transfer line 530 may move the container to the fifth standby station 225. The fifth standby station 225 may function as a location where the primary sample container 210 waits to be quickly supplied to the fifth positioning station 220.

[0494] A second portion of the sample storage device 200 may be adjacent to the sixth transfer line 535, and the sixth transfer line 535 may extend in the fourth direction D4. In other words, the sixth transfer line 535 may extend substantially parallel to the fifth transfer line 530. The second portion of the sample storage device 200 may correspond to the area where empty primary sample containers 210 or containers 211 with a remaining portion of the sample are stored back into the sample storage device 200.

[0495] For example, an empty primary sample container 210 or a container 211 with a remaining portion of the sample, located at a portion of the sixth transfer line 535 adjacent to the second portion of the sample storage device 200, may be stored into the sample storage device 200. In such a case, the container may be moved from the sixth transfer line 535 to the sample storage device 200 using a transfer unit included in the sample storage device 200 or using the sixth transfer unit 735.

[0496] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connection station 570 may be located between the fifth transfer line 530 and the sixth transfer line 535. The first connection station 570 may include the fifth standby station 225, the fifth positioning station 220, and the eighth standby station 230. The first connection station 570 may move a primary sample container 210, transferred from the fifth transfer line 530 to the fifth standby station 225, to the fifth positioning station 220. It may also move the container from the fifth positioning station 220 to the eighth standby station 230, and from the eighth standby station 230 to the sixth transfer line 535.

[0497] The primary sample container 210 transferred to the fifth positioning station 220 may always be positioned at a predetermined location. For example, one of the primary sample containers 210 supplied from the sample storage device 200 may be located at the fifth positioning station 220, and the first pipette unit 900 may aspirate the sample contained in the container located at the fifth positioning station 220. To enable this operation, the container must always be positioned at the predetermined location within the fifth positioning station 220. To implement such functionality, the fifth positioning station 220 may include at least one position adjustment member.

[0498] Optionally, the fifth standby station 225 and the eighth standby station 230 may function similarly to the fifth positioning station 220.

[0499] The primary sample container 210 located at the eighth standby station 230 may be moved to the sixth transfer line 535. Once transferred, the container may be positioned at a portion of the sixth transfer line 535 adjacent to the eighth standby station 230 and may be moved along the sixth transfer line 535 via the sixth transfer unit 735.

[0500] The first decapper 250 may be positioned adjacent to the fifth transfer line 530 and may face the first connection station 570. The first decapper 250 may decap or recap the lid of a primary sample container 210 provided from the sample storage device 200. The shape of the primary sample containers 210 may vary depending on the type of sample, and the shape of each lid may also differ.

[0501] In an exemplary embodiment, the first decapper 250 may be capable of decapping or recapping lids of various shapes. For example, the first decapper 250 may include a lid gripping member, which may grip each lid according to its shape. Optionally, if standardized containers containing the samples are provided to the sample storage device 200, the lid gripping member may be configured to decap or recap only lids of a uniform shape.

[0502] In another exemplary embodiment, the functionality of the first decapper 250 may be included in the fifth standby station 225 and the eighth standby station 230. For example, each of the fifth and eighth standby stations 225 and 230 may include a unit capable of gripping and rotating the bottom of a primary sample container 210, and when the fifth transfer unit 730 grips the lid of the container, the bottom may be rotated to decap or recap the lid. In such a case, the modular pretreatment system 1000 may not include the first decapper 250.

[0503] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the functionality of the first decapper 250 may be included in the fifth transfer unit 730 and the sixth transfer unit 735. For example, one of the transfer units 730 or 735 may grip the lid of the primary sample container 210, while the other grips the bottom, and if at least one of the transfer units rotates, the lid may be decapped or recapped. In such a case, the modular pretreatment system 1000 may not include the first decapper 250.

[0504] The first decapper 250 may be movable in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 to avoid physical interference with the fifth transfer unit 730. For example, to decap the lid of a primary sample container 210 located at the fifth standby station 225, the first decapper 250 may move in the first direction D1, and after decapping, it may move in the second direction D2. The lid gripping member may be movable between a first position facing the fifth standby station 225 and a second position facing the eighth standby station 230. The lid gripping member may grip the decapped lid at the first position and move to the second position. Additionally, to recap the lid onto a primary sample container 210 located at the eighth standby station 230, the first decapper 250 may move in the first direction D1, and after recapping, it may move in the second direction D2. At the second position, the lid gripping member may release the decapped lid, and then return to the first position.

[0505] That is, the fifth standby station 225 may function as a location where the primary sample container 210 waits for decapping, and the eighth standby station 230 may function as a location where the container waits for recapping. Optionally, if the position of the first decapper 250 does not interfere with the movement path of the fifth transfer unit 730, the first decapper 250 may be fixed at a location adjacent to the fifth transfer line 530.

[0506] The first container storage device 450 may be located in a fourth portion of the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10. Spaced apart from the first container storage device 450 in the fourth direction D4, the following components may be located: a seventh transfer unit 740, an eighth transfer unit 745, a seventh transfer line 540, a second connection station 575, an eighth transfer line 545, a sixth standby station 475, a sixth positioning station 470, a seventh positioning station 480, and a second decapper 485.

[0507] The first container storage device 450 may store first tube containers 460, each containing at least 13 first tubes 465. The first container storage device 450 may supply the first tube containers 460 to the seventh transfer line 540. The first tubes 465 may have a uniform shape.

[0508] The seventh transfer unit 740 and the eighth transfer unit 745 may be located on both sides of the seventh transfer line 540 and the eighth transfer line 545. The seventh transfer unit 740 may be positioned adjacent to the seventh transfer line 540 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the seventh transfer unit 740 may have a bi-directional movement path. The seventh transfer unit 740 may grip a first tube container 460 supplied from the first container storage device 450 and transfer the container along the seventh transfer line 540. The seventh transfer unit 740 may place the first tube container 460 at a predetermined portion of the seventh transfer line 540, for example, adjacent to the sixth standby station 475.

[0509] The eighth transfer unit 745 may be positioned adjacent to the eighth transfer line 545 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the eighth transfer unit 745 may have a bi-directional movement path. The eighth transfer unit 745 may grip a first tube container 460 that includes first tubes 466 containing samples, or an empty first tube container 460 without any first tubes 466, and transfer the container along the eighth transfer line 545.

[0510] A first portion of the first container storage device 450 may be adjacent to the seventh transfer line 540, and the seventh transfer line 540 may extend in the fourth direction D4. The first portion of the first container storage device 450 may correspond to the area where first tube containers 460 are supplied to the seventh transfer line 540. For example, the first container storage device 450 may provide first tube containers 460 to a portion of the seventh transfer line 540 adjacent to the first portion of the first container storage device 450. In such a case, the containers may be moved from the first container storage device 450 to the seventh transfer line 540 using a transfer unit included in the first container storage device 450 or using the seventh transfer unit 740.

[0511] In an exemplary embodiment, when the seventh transfer unit 740 places the first tube container 460 at a predetermined portion of the seventh transfer line 540, the seventh transfer line 540 may move the container to the sixth standby station 475. The sixth standby station 475 may function as a location where the first tube container 460 waits to be quickly supplied to the sixth positioning station 470.

[0512] A second portion of the first container storage device 450 may be adjacent to the eighth transfer line 545, and the eighth transfer line 545 may extend in the fourth direction D4. In other words, the eighth transfer line 545 may extend substantially parallel to the seventh transfer line 540. The second portion of the first container storage device 450 may correspond to the area where first tube containers 460 containing first tubes 466 with stored samples, or empty first tube containers 460 without first tubes 466, are stored back into the first container storage device 450.

[0513] For example, a first tube container 460 containing first tubes 466 with stored samples, or an empty first tube container 460 located at a portion of the eighth transfer line 545 adjacent to the second portion of the first container storage device 450, may be stored into the first container storage device 450. In such a case, the container may be moved from the eighth transfer line 545 to the first container storage device 450 using a transfer unit included in the first container storage device 450 or using the eighth transfer unit 745.

[0514] In an exemplary embodiment, the first container storage device 450 may be maintained at a predetermined temperature to store the first tubes 466 containing samples.

[0515] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connection station 575 may be located between the seventh transfer line 540 and the eighth transfer line 545. The second connection station 575 may include the sixth standby station 475, the sixth positioning station 470, and the seventh positioning station 480. The second connection station 575 may move a first tube container 460, transferred from the seventh transfer line 540 to the sixth standby station 475, to the sixth positioning station 470. It may also move the container from the sixth positioning station 470 to the seventh positioning station 480, and from the seventh positioning station 480 to the eighth transfer line 545.

[0516] The first tube container 460 transferred to the sixth positioning station 470 and the seventh positioning station 480 may always be positioned at a predetermined location. For example, one of the first tube containers 460 supplied from the first container storage device 450 may be located at the sixth positioning station 470, and the first pipette unit 900 may dispense samples aspirated from the primary sample container 210 into each of the first tubes 465 in the container. To enable this operation, the container must always be positioned at the predetermined location within the sixth positioning station 470. To implement such functionality, the sixth positioning station 470 may include at least one position adjustment member.

[0517] Optionally, the sixth standby station 475 may function similarly to the sixth positioning station 470 and the seventh positioning station 480.

[0518] Additionally, to move one of the first tubes 465 from the first tube container 460, transferred from the sixth positioning station 470 to the seventh positioning station 480, to the processing module 100, the second gripper 820 may be used. For this operation, the first tube container 460 must be positioned at a predetermined location within the seventh positioning station 480. To implement such functionality, the seventh positioning station 480 may include at least one position adjustment member.

[0519] Furthermore, the first tube container 460 located at the seventh positioning station 480 may be moved to the eighth transfer line 545. Once transferred, the container may be positioned at a portion of the eighth transfer line 545 adjacent to the seventh positioning station 480 and may be moved along the eighth transfer line 545 via the eighth transfer unit 745.

[0520] The second decapper 485 may be positioned adjacent to the seventh transfer line 540 and may face the second connection station 575. The second decapper 485 may decap or recap the lids of the first tubes 465 included in the first tube container 460 provided from the first container storage device 450. For example, the second decapper 485 may simultaneously decap or recap the lids of two first tubes 465 included in the container. The second decapper 485 may include two lid gripping members, each configured to grip one of the lids simultaneously.

[0521] To avoid physical interference with the seventh transfer unit 740, the second decapper 485 may be movable in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. For example, to decap the lids of the first tubes 465 located at the sixth standby station 475, the second decapper 485 may move in the first direction D1, and after decapping, may move in the second direction D2. The lid gripping members may be movable between a first position facing the sixth standby station 475 and a second position facing the seventh positioning station 480. At the first position, the lid gripping members may grip the two decapped lids, and then move to the second position. To recap the lids onto the two first tubes 465 located at the seventh positioning station 480, the second decapper 485 may move in the first direction D1, and after recapping, may move in the second direction D2. At the second position, the lid gripping members may release the decapped lids and return to the first position.

[0522] That is, the sixth standby station 475 may function as a location where the first tube container 460 waits for decapping, and the seventh positioning station 480 may function as a location where the container waits for recapping. Optionally, if the position of the second decapper 485 does not interfere with the movement path of the seventh transfer unit 740, the second decapper 485 may be fixed at a location adjacent to the seventh transfer line 540.

[0523] The first pipette unit 900 may be located above the third positioning station 440, the fourth positioning station 370, the first tip waste container 850, the fifth positioning station 220, and the sixth positioning station 470. The first pipette unit 900 may transfer a portion of a sample aspirated from a primary sample container 210 supplied from the sample storage device 200 into a first tube 465 included in a first tube container 460 supplied from the first container storage device 450.

[0524] In an exemplary embodiment, the first pipette unit 900 may be horizontally movable in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. The movement path 910 of the first pipette unit 900 may overlap with the first tip waste container 850 and the third through sixth positioning stations 440, 370, 850, 220, and 470. In other words, the first pipette unit 900 may not move in the third direction D3 or the fourth direction D4, and may only move along the overlapping path above the designated stations. That is, the first pipette unit 900 may be movable only within the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 and may have a bi-directional movement path 910.

[0525] For example, the first pipette unit 900 may connect to a tip included in the tip container 420 located at the third positioning station 440. Depending on the type of sample, the first pipette unit 900 may selectively transfer the second reagent included in the second reagent container 360 located at the fourth positioning station 370 to either the primary sample container 210 located at the fifth positioning station 220 or the first tube 465 located in the first tube container 460 at the sixth positioning station 470.

[0526] After the tip is connected to the first pipette unit 900, the used tip may be discharged into the first tip waste container 850, and the first pipette unit 900 may reconnect to another tip from the tip container 420 at the third positioning station 440. Furthermore, the first pipette unit 900 may aspirate a portion of the sample from the primary sample container 210 at the fifth positioning station 220 and dispense the aspirated sample into the first tube 465 located in the first tube container 460 at the sixth positioning station 470.

[0527] During the tip connection process and the aspiration / dispensing of the second reagent and sample, the first pipette unit 900 may move in the fifth direction D5 and the opposite direction of D5.

[0528] A first tube 465 containing a portion of the sample may be defined as a sample tube, and the sample tube may be transferred to the processing module 100 via the second gripper 820.

[0529] In an exemplary embodiment, after the second reagent is dispensed into the primary sample container 210 or the first tube 465, the first pipette unit 900 may repeatedly perform aspiration and dispensing operations to mix the second reagent with the sample.

[0530] In another exemplary embodiment, the first pipette unit 900 may further include a mixing member for mixing the second reagent and the sample, and a stick member for swabbing or suspending the sample.

[0531] The first tip waste container 850 may be located between the tip storage device 410 and the sample storage device 200. In other words, the first tip waste container 850 may be positioned between the fourth transfer line 525 and the first decapper 250, and may overlap with the movement path 910 of the first pipette unit 900. As previously described, after a tip connected to the first pipette unit 900 is used, the tip may be discharged into the first tip waste container 850.

[0532] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth positioning station 370 may be spaced apart from the third positioning station 440 in the first direction D1, the fifth positioning station 220 may be spaced apart from the fourth positioning station 370 in the first direction D1, and the sixth positioning station 470 may be spaced apart from the fifth positioning station 220 in the first direction D1. The first tip waste container 850 may be located between the fourth positioning station 370 and the fifth positioning station 220. The third positioning station 440, fourth positioning station 370, first tip waste container 850, fifth positioning station 220, and sixth positioning station 470 may be aligned in the first direction D1.

[0533] In an exemplary embodiment, depending on the type of sample, the second reagent supplied from the second reagent storage device 350 may be selectively transferred into the primary sample container 210 supplied from the sample storage device 200 via the first pipette unit 900. In other words, depending on the sample type, the dispensing of the second reagent into the primary sample container 210 may be required or omitted. For example, if the sample contained in the primary sample container 210 (e.g., semen, saliva, respiratory sputum, tuberculosis sputum) has relatively high viscosity, mixing the second reagent with the sample may reduce the viscosity. The first pipette unit 900 may then transfer a portion of the mixed sample into a first tube 465 included in a first tube container 460 supplied from the first container storage device 450.

[0534] In an exemplary embodiment, when a type B tip with a relatively large diameter is connected to the first pipette unit 900, the first pipette unit 900 may transfer a portion of a sample with relatively high viscosity into a first tube 465 included in a first tube container 460 supplied from the first container storage device 450. In such a case, a pre-filled first tube 465 containing the second reagent may be used, and the sample may mix with the second reagent inside the first tube 465. Accordingly, the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may not include the second reagent storage device 350.

[0535] Optionally, the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may exclude the second reagent storage device 350 and instead include second reagent containers 360 containing the second reagent within the first reagent storage device 310. These second reagent containers 360 may be provided to the preliminary station 630 of the processing preparation station 600. In this case, the second reagent and the sample may be mixed within the pre-analytic subsystem 20, and the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may not include the second reagent storage device 350.

[0536] In an exemplary embodiment, depending on the type of sample, the second reagent supplied from the second reagent storage device 350 may be selectively transferred into a first tube 465 included in a first tube container 460 supplied from the first container storage device 450 via the first pipette unit 900. In other words, depending on the sample type, dispensing the second reagent into the first tube 465 may be required or omitted. For example, if the sample is FFPE (Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded), the sample may first be transferred into the first tube 465, followed by the second reagent, allowing the sample and reagent to mix inside the tube.

[0537] In another exemplary embodiment, a pre-filled first tube 465 containing the second reagent may be used, and the sample (e.g., FFPE) may mix with the second reagent inside the tube. In this case, the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may not include the second reagent storage device 350.

[0538] In an exemplary embodiment, if the sample is raw stool, the second reagent may be dispensed into the first tube 465, and a portion of the sample may be swabbed or suspended into the tube. The sample and the second reagent may then mix inside the first tube 465.

[0539] In another exemplary embodiment, when a type B tip with a relatively large diameter is connected to the first pipette unit 900, the first pipette unit 900 may transfer a portion of a solid sample into a first tube 465 included in a first tube container 460 supplied from the first container storage device 450. In such a case, a pre-filled first tube 465 containing the second reagent may be used, and the sample may mix with the second reagent inside the first tube 465. Accordingly, the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may not include the second reagent storage device 350.

[0540] The first reagent storage device 310 may be located in a fifth portion of the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10. Spaced apart from the first reagent storage device 310 in the fourth direction D4, the following components may be located: a ninth transfer unit 750, a tenth transfer unit 755, a ninth transfer line 550, a tenth transfer line 555, a second standby station 335, and a second positioning station 330.

[0541] The first reagent storage device 310 may store first reagent containers 320, each containing a first reagent, and may supply the first reagent containers 320 to the ninth transfer line 550. In an exemplary embodiment, the first reagent storage device 310 may be maintained at a predetermined temperature to store the first reagents. For example, the number of types of first reagents supplied from the first reagent storage device 310 may be at least 13, and the type of first reagent provided may be determined based on the type of sample.

[0542] The ninth transfer unit 750 and the tenth transfer unit 755 may be located on both sides of the ninth transfer line 550 and the tenth transfer line 555. The ninth transfer unit 750 may be positioned adjacent to the ninth transfer line 550 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the ninth transfer unit 750 may have a bi-directional movement path. The ninth transfer unit 750 may grip a first reagent container 320 supplied from the first reagent storage device 310 and transfer it along the ninth transfer line 550. The ninth transfer unit 750 may place the container at a predetermined portion of the ninth transfer line 550, for example, adjacent to the second standby station 335.

[0543] The tenth transfer unit 755 may be positioned adjacent to the tenth transfer line 555 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the tenth transfer unit 755 may have a bi-directional movement path. The tenth transfer unit 755 may grip an empty first reagent container 320, from which the reagent has been fully used, and transfer it along the tenth transfer line 555.

[0544] Furthermore, the first reagent containers 320 may include containers containing type A first reagent and containers containing type B first reagent. To move a container containing type B first reagent from the second standby station 335 to the second positioning station 330, the tenth transfer unit 755 may grip a container containing type A first reagent (e.g., a container with a remaining portion of type A reagent) located at the second positioning station 330 and transfer it along the tenth transfer line 555. The container with a remaining portion of type A first reagent may be stored in the first reagent storage device 310 and may be reused.

[0545] In an exemplary embodiment, the first reagent storage device 310 may include a cover member for sealing the top of the container with a remaining portion of type A first reagent, and the container may be stored in a sealed state within the first reagent storage device 310.

[0546] A first portion of the first reagent storage device 310 may be adjacent to the ninth transfer line 550, and the tenth transfer line 555 may extend in the fourth direction D4. The first portion of the first reagent storage device 310 may correspond to the area where first reagent containers 320 are supplied to the ninth transfer line 550. For example, the first reagent storage device 310 may provide first reagent containers 320 to a portion of the ninth transfer line 550 adjacent to the first portion of the first reagent storage device 310. In such a case, the containers may be moved from the first reagent storage device 310 to the ninth transfer line 550 using a transfer unit included in the first reagent storage device 310 or using the ninth transfer unit 750.

[0547] In an exemplary embodiment, when the ninth transfer unit 750 places the first reagent container 320 at a predetermined portion of the ninth transfer line 550, the ninth transfer line 550 may move the container to the second standby station 335. The second standby station 335 may function as a location where the first reagent container 320 waits to be quickly supplied to the second positioning station 330.

[0548] A second portion of the first reagent storage device 310 may be adjacent to the tenth transfer line 555, and the tenth transfer line 555 may extend in the fourth direction D4. In other words, the tenth transfer line 555 may extend substantially parallel to the ninth transfer line 550. The second portion of the first reagent storage device 310 may correspond to the area where empty first reagent containers 320 or containers with a remaining portion of type A first reagent are stored back into the first reagent storage device 310.

[0549] For example, an empty first reagent container 320 or a container with a remaining portion of type A first reagent, located at a portion of the tenth transfer line 555 adjacent to the second portion of the first reagent storage device 310, may be stored into the first reagent storage device 310. In such a case, the container may be moved from the tenth transfer line 555 to the first reagent storage device 310 using a transfer unit included in the first reagent storage device 310 or using the tenth transfer unit 755.

[0550] In an exemplary embodiment, the tenth transfer line 555 may include the second positioning station 330 and the second standby station 335. The tenth transfer line 555 may move a first reagent container 320, transferred from the ninth transfer line 550 to the second standby station 335, to the second positioning station 330. The container transferred to the second positioning station 330 may always be positioned at a predetermined location. For example, one of the first reagent containers 320 supplied from the first reagent storage device 310 may be located at the second positioning station 330, and the first gripper 800 may grip the container at that location. To enable this operation, the container must always be positioned at the predetermined location within the second positioning station 330. To implement such functionality, the second positioning station 330 may include at least one position adjustment member.

[0551] Optionally, the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may further include a waste container located adjacent to the tenth transfer line 555, and the empty first reagent container 320 may be discharged into the waste container via the tenth transfer unit 755.

[0552] It should be noted that although the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 has been described as including two transfer lines for transporting first reagent containers 320, the configuration of this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, in another exemplary embodiment, two transfer lines and one connection station may be arranged for transporting first reagent containers 320.

[0553] The second container storage device 490 may be located in a sixth portion of the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10. Spaced apart from the second container storage device 490 in the fourth direction D4, the following components may be located: an eleventh transfer unit 760, a twelfth transfer unit 765, an eleventh transfer line 560, a twelfth transfer line 565, a seventh standby station 507, and an eighth positioning station 505.

[0554] The second container storage device 490 may store second tube containers 495, each containing at least 13 second tubes 500. The second container storage device 490 may supply the second tube containers 495 to the eleventh transfer line 560. The second tubes 500 may have a uniform shape, and each second tube 500 may be uncapped.

[0555] The eleventh transfer unit 760 and the twelfth transfer unit 765 may be located on both sides of the eleventh transfer line 560 and the twelfth transfer line 565. The eleventh transfer unit 760 may be positioned adjacent to the eleventh transfer line 560 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the eleventh transfer unit 760 may have a bi-directional movement path. The eleventh transfer unit 760 may grip a second tube container 495 supplied from the second container storage device 490 and transfer it along the eleventh transfer line 560. The eleventh transfer unit 760 may place the container at a predetermined portion of the eleventh transfer line 560, for example, adjacent to the seventh standby station 507.

[0556] The twelfth transfer unit 765 may be positioned adjacent to the twelfth transfer line 565 and may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. That is, the twelfth transfer unit 765 may have a bi-directional movement path. The twelfth transfer unit 765 may grip an empty second tube container 495, which does not contain any second tubes 500, and transfer it along the twelfth transfer line 565.

[0557] A first portion of the second container storage device 490 may be adjacent to the eleventh transfer line 560, and the eleventh transfer line 560 may extend in the fourth direction D4. The first portion of the second container storage device 490 may correspond to the area where second tube containers 495 are supplied to the eleventh transfer line 560. For example, the second container storage device 490 may provide second tube containers 495 to a portion of the eleventh transfer line 560 adjacent to the first portion of the second container storage device 490. In such a case, the containers may be moved from the second container storage device 490 to the eleventh transfer line 560 using a transfer unit included in the second container storage device 490 or using the eleventh transfer unit 760.

[0558] In an exemplary embodiment, when the eleventh transfer unit 760 places the second tube container 495 at a predetermined portion of the eleventh transfer line 560, the eleventh transfer line 560 may move the container to the seventh standby station 507. The seventh standby station 507 may function as a location where the second tube container 495 waits to be quickly supplied to the eighth positioning station 505.

[0559] A second portion of the second container storage device 490 may be adjacent to the twelfth transfer line 565, and the twelfth transfer line 565 may extend in the fourth direction D4. In other words, the twelfth transfer line 565 may extend substantially parallel to the eleventh transfer line 560. The second portion of the second container storage device 490 may correspond to the area where empty second tube containers 495 are stored back into the second container storage device 490.

[0560] For example, an empty second tube container 495 located at a portion of the twelfth transfer line 565 adjacent to the second portion of the second container storage device 490 may be stored into the second container storage device 490. In such a case, the container may be moved from the twelfth transfer line 565 to the second container storage device 490 using a transfer unit included in the second container storage device 490 or using the twelfth transfer unit 765.

[0561] The processing preparation station 600 may be located in a first portion of the pre-analytic subsystem 20. Spaced apart from the processing preparation station 600 in the fourth direction D4, the following components may be located: the processing module 100, the termination station 970, and the decapper 960.

[0562] The processing preparation station 600 may include a first station 610 where a tip container 420 is positioned, and a second station 620 where a first reagent container 320 may be selectively positioned. For example, the tip container 420 located at the first positioning station 430 may be transferred to the first station 610 via the first gripper 800, and the first reagent container 320 located at the second positioning station 330 may be transferred to the second station 620 via the first gripper 800.

[0563] The processing preparation station 600 may further include a preliminary station 630, where either a first reagent container 320 containing type A reagent or a first reagent container 320 containing type B reagent may be positioned depending on the sample type. The first reagent container 320 located at the second positioning station 330 may be transferred to the preliminary station 630 via the first gripper 800.

[0564] In an exemplary embodiment, the tip container 420 and the first reagent container 320 positioned at the processing preparation station 600 may be used only within the pre-analytic subsystem 20.

[0565] The first gripper 800 may be movable in the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4 within both the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 and the pre-analytic subsystem 20. As described above, the first gripper 800 may grip a tip container 420 located at the first positioning station 430 and transfer it to the first station 610 of the processing preparation station 600. It may also grip a first reagent container 320 located at the second positioning station 330 and transfer it to the second station 620. That is, the first gripper 800 may only transfer the tip container 420 from the first positioning station 430 and the first reagent container 320 from the second positioning station 330 to the processing preparation station 600, and may have a bi-directional movement path 810.

[0566] In an exemplary embodiment, the second positioning station 330 may be spaced apart from the first positioning station 430 in the first direction D1, the first station 610 may be spaced apart from the second positioning station 330 in the first direction D1, the second station 620 may be spaced apart from the first station 610 in the first direction D1, and the preliminary station 630 may be spaced apart from the second station 620 in the first direction D1. The first positioning station 430, second positioning station 330, first station 610, second station 620, and preliminary station 630 may be aligned in the first direction D1.

[0567] The processing module 100 may be located in a second portion of the pre-analytic subsystem 20 and may include at least 13 processing units. In an exemplary embodiment, the processing module 100 may include five processing units (e.g., first through fifth processing units 110, 120, 130, 140, 150). At least one of the first through fifth processing units may include at least 13 functions, such as vortexing, centrifugation, spin-down, and heating.

[0568] The vortex function may be used for rapid mixing of samples, the centrifugation function may be used to separate substances of different densities within a sample using centrifugal force, the spin-down function may be used to quickly sediment particles in a sample, and the heating function may be used to heat the sample.

[0569] In an exemplary embodiment, the first through fifth processing units 110, 120, 130, 140, 150 may be arranged sequentially in the first direction D1.

[0570] The second gripper 820 may be movable in the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4 within both the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 and the pre-analytic subsystem 20. The second gripper 820 may grip a sample tube located at the seventh positioning station 480 and transfer it to one of the processing units of the processing module 100. It may also selectively transfer a second tube 500 located at the eighth positioning station 505 to one of the processing units of the processing module 100.

[0571] That is, the second gripper 820 may only transfer the sample tube from the seventh positioning station 480 and the second tube 500 from the eighth positioning station 505 to the processing module 100, and may have a bi-directional movement path 830.

[0572] Meanwhile, the sample tube located in the automated sample dispensing subsystem 10 may be transferred to the first processing unit 110 by the second gripper 820. The sample tube positioned in the first processing unit 110 may then be transferred along the first direction D1 to the second, third, fourth, or fifth processing unit 120, 130, 140, or 150 by the second gripper 820. In other words, within the first through fifth processing units 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, the sample tube may be moved by the second gripper 820.

[0573] In an exemplary embodiment, the eighth positioning station 505 may be spaced apart from the seventh positioning station 480 in the first direction D1. The seventh positioning station 480, the eighth positioning station 505, and the processing units (e.g., first through fifth processing units 110, 120, 130, 140, 150) may be aligned in the first direction D1.

[0574] In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first through twelfth transfer units 710, 715, 720, 725, 730, 735, 740, 745, 750, 755, 760, 765 may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4. The movement rails connected to each of the first through twelfth transfer units may be fixed to the floor of the modular pretreatment system 1000. Likewise, the first gripper 800 and the second gripper 820 may be movable along the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4, and the movement rails connected to the first gripper 800 and the second gripper 820 may be fixed to the ceiling of the modular pretreatment system 1000. In other words, the first through twelfth transfer units and the first and second grippers 800, 820 do not physically interfere with each other.

[0575]

[0576] FIGs. 15 to 18are plan views illustrating the operation of the modular pretreatment system according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0577] Referring toFIG. 15, the first transfer unit 710 receives a tip container 420 from the tip storage device 410 and moves it along the first transfer line 510. The tip container 420 delivered by the first transfer unit 710 waits at the third standby station 445, and when the third positioning station 440 becomes available, the second transfer unit 715 transfers the tip container 420 from the third standby station 445 to the third positioning station 440.

[0578] The first pipette unit 900 may mount a pipette tip from the tip container 420 positioned at the third positioning station 440.

[0579] The third transfer unit 730 receives a primary sample container 210 from the sample storage device 200 and moves it along the third transfer line 530. The primary sample container 210 delivered by the third transfer unit 730 is moved to the fifth standby station 225 of the first connection station 570 and waits there. The first decapper 250 opens the lid of the primary sample container 210 at the fifth standby station 225. Once the lid is opened, and the fifth positioning station 220 becomes available, the fifth transfer unit 730 or the sixth transfer unit 735 transfers the primary sample container 210 from the fifth standby station 225 to the fifth positioning station 220.

[0580] The first pipette unit 900 may mount a pipette tip from the tip container 420 positioned at the third positioning station 440.

[0581]

[0582] [Seventh Embodiment]

[0583] FIGS. 19A and 19B are schematic diagrams illustrating an automated sample dispensing apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of this disclosure.

[0584] Referring to Figure 19A, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070 according to the seventh embodiment may further include a housing 2960 that accommodates a sample station 2200, a standard container station 2400, and a consumables station 2300. The housing 2960 may protect the interior from external contaminants, vibration, and impact. Although not shown in the drawings, an air purification unit may be installed in the housing 2960. The air purification unit may include a HEPA filter, and an FFU (Fan Filter Unit) or EFU (Equipment Filter Unit) may be installed.

[0585] A storage unit 3000 may be detachably coupled to the outside of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070. The storage unit 3000 may store and re-store materials used in the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070. The materials may include primary sample containers, standard containers, reagent containers, and consumables. Materials remaining after use in the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070 may also be re-stored in the storage unit 3000.

[0586] The storage unit 3000 may be provided in a modular form that can be detachably coupled to the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070. The storage unit 3000 may be configured to couple with different automated sample dispensing apparatuses 2070. Furthermore, the storage unit 3000 may be offered in various specifications depending on storage capacity, presence of refrigeration facilities, and other factors. Users may select a storage unit 3000 with appropriate specifications according to their needs and couple it to the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070.

[0587] The automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070 and the storage unit 3000 may each include a control unit. Since the storage unit 3000 includes an independent control unit, it can operate even when not coupled to the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070.

[0588] The housing 2960 of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070 may be provided with a door 2970. Although the drawings illustrate a sliding-type door, various types of doors, including hinge-type doors, may be applied.

[0589] The storage unit 3000 may include a plurality of storage segments 3010 for storing respective materials and a supply station 3020. Although not shown in the drawings, the storage unit 3000 may further include a gripper (not shown) for transferring materials from each storage segment 3010 to the supply station 3020.

[0590] The gripper 2900 of the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2070 may be configured to access the storage unit 3000. The gripper 2900 may access the storage unit 3000 through the opening created when the door 2970 of the housing 2960 is opened.

[0591] The gripper 2900 may directly access a storage segment 3010 to pick up a material or access the supply station 3020 to pick up a material.

[0592] Referring to Figure 19B, the automated sample dispensing apparatus 2071 may further include a first supply station 3021 located inside the housing 2960 where materials are received. The gripper 2900 may pick up materials from the first supply station 3021 and transfer them to a target station.

[0593] The storage unit 3000 may include a plurality of storage segments 3010 for storing respective materials and a second supply station 3022. The storage unit 3000 may further include a material transfer gripper 2901 for transferring materials from each storage segment 3010 to the second supply station 3022.

[0594] The material transfer gripper 2901 may be configured to access the first supply station 3021. The material transfer gripper 2901 may access the first supply station 3021 through the opening created when the door 2970 of the housing 2960 is opened.

[0595] The storage unit 3000 may not include the second supply station 3022. In this case, the material transfer gripper 2901 may directly access each storage segment 3010 to pick up materials.

[0596]

[0597] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0598] 10: Automated sample preparation system; 11: Storage module; 12: Transfer module; 13: Operation module; 20-24: Pre-analytic system; 50: Expandable section; 60: Sample transfer device; 70, 71: Reagent transfer devices; 80, 81: Tip transfer devices; 90, 91: Container transfer devices; 100: Processing module; 110: First processing unit; 120: Second processing unit; 130: Third processing unit; 140: Fourth processing unit; 150: Fifth processing unit; 160: Additional processing unit; 190: Station; 200: Sample storage device; 210: primary sample container; 220: Fifth positioning station; 225: Fifth standby station; 230: Eighth standby station; 250: First decapper; 300: Reagent storage device; 310: First reagent storage device; 320: First reagent container; 330: Second positioning station; 335: Second standby station; 350: Second reagent storage device; 360: Second reagent container; 370: Fourth positioning station; 375: Fourth standby station; 400: Consumables storage device; 410: Tip storage device; 420: Tip container; 430: First positioning station; 435: First standby station; 440: Third positioning station; 445: Third standby station; 450: First container storage device; 460: First tube container; 465: First tube; 470: Sixth positioning station; 475: Sixth standby station; 480: Seventh positioning station; 485: Second decapper; 490: Second container storage device; 495: Second tube container; 500: Second tube; 505: Eighth positioning station; 507: Seventh standby station; 510, 515, 520, 525, 530, 535: First to sixth transfer lines; 540, 545, 550, 555, 560, 565: Seventh to twelfth transfer lines; 570, 575: First and second connection stations; 590: Transfer line; 600: Processing preparation station; 610: First station; 620: Second station; 630: Preliminary station; 700: Transfer unit; 710, 715, 720, 725, 730, 735: First to sixth transfer units; 740, 745, 750, 755, 760, 765: Seventh to twelfth transfer units; 800: First gripper; 820: Second gripper; 850: First tip waste container; 900: First pipette unit; 920: Second pipette unit; 940: Second tip waste container; 950: Liquid waste container; 960: Decapper; 970: Termination station; 981, 982, 983: First to third sample tubes; 990: Control unit; 1000: Modular pretreatment system; 2000: Automated sample preparation apparatus; 2100: Sample transfer line; 2200: Sample station; 2300: Consumables station; 2400: Standard container station; 2500: Reagent station; 2610: Waste bin; 2620: Standby station; 2700: Sample transfer unit; 2800: Decapper; 2900: Gripper; 2910: Identification sensor; 2920: Homogenizer; 2930: Centrifuge; 2940: load cell; 2950: Vision unit; 2960: Housing; 2970: Door; 3000: Storage unit; 3010: Storage segment; 3020: Supply station.

[0599]

[0600] The above description is merely illustrative of the technical concept of this disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the essential scope of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to limit the scope of the invention but to explain it. The scope of protection of the invention should be interpreted based on the claims below, and all technical ideas within the equivalent scope should be considered to fall within the scope of the invention.

[0601] This disclosure is applicable to devices that dispense a sample into a standard container prior to sample pretreatment. For example, it can be implemented in an automated sample preparation system capable of dispensing various types of samples―such as urine, liquid-based cytology (LBC), semen, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, saliva, respiratory sputum, tuberculosis sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and feces―into standard containers.

Claims

An automated sample dispensing apparatus comprising:at least one sample station configured to receive a first primary sample container containing a first type of primary sample and a second primary sample container containing a second type of primary sample;at least one consumable station configured to receive a first collection element and a second collection element;a standard container station configured to receive a standard container;at least one sample transfer unit configured to be detachably coupled with the first collection element and the second collection element, and to be movable between the sample station, the consumable station, and the standard container station; anda controller configured to control the sample transfer unit to selectively couple either the first collection element or the second collection element, based on identification information regarding a type of the primary sample;wherein the sample transfer unit is configured to:i) transfer the first type of primary sample from the first primary sample container at the sample station to the standard container at the standard container station, while coupled with the first collection element; andii) transfer the second type of primary sample from the second primary sample container at the sample station to the standard container at the standard container station, while coupled with the second collection element.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 1,further comprising a controller,wherein the sample transfer unit comprises:a first sample transfer unit detachably coupled with the first collection element; anda second sample transfer unit detachably coupled with the second collection element; andwherein the controller configured to:i) control the first sample transfer unit, when the first primary sample container is received to the sample station, to couple with the first collection element and transfer the first type of primary sample from the first primary sample container to the standard container; andii) control the second sample transfer unit, when the second primary sample container is received to the sample station, to couple with the second collection element and transfer the second type of primary sample from the second primary sample container to the standard container.The automated sample dispensing system of claim 1,further comprising a controller,wherein the sample transfer unit is configured as a single unit to which the first collection element and the second collection element are detachably coupled; andwherein the controller configured to:i) control the sample transfer unit, when the first primary sample container is received to the sample station, to couple with the first collection element and transfer the first type of primary sample from the first primary sample container to the standard container; andii) control the sample transfer unit, when the second primary sample container is received to the sample station, to couple with the second collection element and transfer the second type of primary sample from the second primary sample container to the standard container.The automated sample dispensing system of claim 1,wherein the first type of primary sample is a liquid sample, and the first collection element is a pipette tip; andthe second type of primary sample is a solid sample, and the second collection element is a solid sample collection element.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 4,wherein the second type of primary sample is raw stools, and the second collection element is a swab.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 2,wherein the first type of primary sample is a liquid sample, the first collection element is a pipette tip, and the first sample transfer unit is a pipette unit; andthe second type of primary sample is a solid sample, the second collection element is a solid sample collection element, and the second sample transfer unit is a gripper.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 1,wherein the first type of primary sample is a liquid sample having a viscosity lower than a predetermined reference, and the first collection element is a pipette tip having a relatively small bore diameter;the second type of primary sample is a liquid sample having a viscosity higher than the predetermined reference, and the second collection element is a pipette tip having a relatively large bore diameter.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 7,wherein the second type of primary sample is sputum, and the second collection element has a bore diameter greater than a preset value.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 1,further comprising: a reagent station configured to supply reagents corresponding to the types of primary samples; anda controller;wherein the controller configured to supply a matching reagent among stored reagents based on the identification information regarding the type of the primary sample.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 9,wherein at least one of the first collection element and the second collection element is a pipette tip;wherein the sample transfer unit is further configured to:iii) transfer a reagent from the reagent station to the primary sample container at the sample station.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 1,further comprising a controller,wherein the standard container station is configured to selectively supply pre-filled standard containers containing reagents corresponding to the types of primary samples and empty standard containers; andthe controller configured to supply a matching pre-filled standard container or empty standard container among stored standard containers based on the identification information regarding the type of the primary sample.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 9 or claim 11,wherein the reagent comprises a buffer used to dilute the primary sample.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 12,wherein the reagent comprises a buffer used to dilute solid or viscous primary samples including raw stool and sputum.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 1,further comprising:an identification sensor configured to obtain the identification information regarding the type of the primary sample from an identification label of the primary sample container,wherein the controller configured to control the sample transfer unit based on the identification information acquired from the identification sensor.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 2,further comprising a controller,wherein the sample station comprises a first station to which a first primary sample container is received and a second station to which a second primary sample container is received; andwherein the controller configured to control the first sample transfer unit and the second sample transfer unit to respectively transfer different types of samples based on the identification information regarding the type of the primary sample.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 3,further comprising a controller configured to:control the supply of the first primary sample container and the second primary sample container to the same sample station selectively based on the identification information regarding the type of the primary sample; andcontrol the sample transfer unit to selectively transfer different types of samples.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 2,wherein each of the sample station, the consumable station, and the standard container station comprise:a first station provided at a point intersecting the movement path of the first sample transfer unit; anda second station provided at a point intersecting the movement path of the second sample transfer unit.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 17,wherein each of the first station of the sample station, the consumable station, and the standard container station are all aligned along a first line; andeach of the second station of the sample station, the consumable station, and the standard container station are all aligned along a second line.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 1,further comprising:a first decapper configured as a universal type to cap and decap at least two types of primary sample containers; anda second decapper configured to cap and decap the standard container.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 19,wherein the sample transfer unit comprises:a first sample transfer unit detachably coupled with the first collection element; anda second sample transfer unit detachably coupled with the second collection element;and further comprising:a first operation module including the first sample transfer unit, the first decapper, and the second decapper;a second operation module including the second sample transfer unit, the first decapper, and the second decapper; anda controller configured to control each of the first and second operation modules to process different types of primary samples.An automated sample dispensing apparatus comprising:at least one sample station configured to receive a primary sample container respectively containing at least two types of primary samples;at least one consumable station configured to receive a tip container including a plurality of tips and a swab container including a plurality of swabs;a standard container station configured to receive a standard container;a pipette unit configured to be detachably coupled with the tip at the consumable station;a gripper configured to be detachably coupled with the swab at the consumable station;a first decapper configured as a universal type to cap and decap at least two types of primary sample containers; anda second decapper configured to cap and decap the standard container.An automated sample dispensing system comprising:the automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 1; anda storage device configured to store the primary sample containers, the collection elements, and the standard containers,wherein the storage device is detachably coupled with the automated sample dispensing apparatus.The automated sample dispensing system of claim 22,wherein the automated sample dispensing apparatus further comprises a supply unit configured to automatically supply materials from the storage device.The automated sample dispensing system of claim 22,wherein the storage device further comprises a supply unit configured to automatically supply materials to the sample station, the consumable station, and the standard container station.An automated sample dispensing method comprising:supplying primary sample containers respectively containing at least two types of primary samples, first collection elements, second collection elements, and standard containers;acquiring identification information regarding the type of the primary sample from an identification label of the primary sample container;determining, based on the acquired identification information, whether the first collection element or the second collection element is required to collect the primary sample;i) when the first collection element is required, coupling the first collection element to a sample transfer unit, collecting the sample from the primary sample container, and transferring the sample to the standard container; andii) when the second collection element is required, coupling the second collection element to the sample transfer unit, collecting the sample from the primary sample container, and transferring the sample to the standard container.The automated sample dispensing method of claim 25,wherein the sample transfer unit is configured to selectively and detachably couple with the first collection element and the second collection element,and the steps i) and ii) are selectively performed using the same sample transfer unit.The automated sample dispensing method of claim 25,wherein the sample transfer unit comprise a first sample transfer unit and a second sample transfer unit,i) when the first collection element is required, the first sample transfer unit mounts the first collection element, collects the sample from the primary sample container, and transfers the sample to the standard container; andii) when the second collection element is required, the second sample transfer unit mounts the second collection element, collects the sample from the primary sample container, and transfers the sample to the standard container.The automated sample dispensing method of claim 25,wherein the first collection element is a pipette tip used when the primary sample is a liquid sample, andwherein the second collection element is a swab used when the primary sample is a solid sample.The automated sample dispensing method of claim 25,wherein at least two types of primary samples include raw stool, and one of the first collection element and the second collection element is a swab.The automated sample dispensing method of claim 25,wherein the first collection element is a first pipette tip having a relatively small bore diameter and used when the primary sample is a liquid sample with a viscosity lower than a predetermined reference; andthe second collection element is a second pipette tip having a relatively large bore diameter and used when the primary sample is a liquid sample with a viscosity higher than the predetermined reference.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 1,further comprising a housing accommodating the sample station, the consumable station, the standard container station, and the transfer unit; anda storage device detachably coupled to the housing and configured to store the primary sample container, the pipette tips and the swabs, and the standard container.The automated sample dispensing apparatus of claim 31,wherein the housing comprises a door,andfurther comprising a supply unit configured to automatically supply materials from the storage device through the door.

Images