Print head device, extrusion-based organoid 3D printer, communication module and organoid printing method

Abstract

A print head device, an extrusion-based organoid 3D printer, a communication module and an organoid printing method. The print head device comprises a first pusher assembly (40), a first temperature control assembly (50) and a first driving assembly (70), wherein the first pusher assembly (40) has a first liquid guide end for guiding out cell ink; the first temperature control assembly (50) is connected to the first pusher assembly (40) and is configured to control the temperature of the cell ink guided out by the first pusher assembly (40) to be within a first preset range; and the first driving assembly (70) is connected to the first pusher assembly (40) and is configured to drive the first pusher assembly (40) to move along a first preset path. The first driving assembly (70) is configured to first drive the first pusher assembly (40) to move in a direction close to the surface of a receiving carrier until the cell ink at the first liquid guide end is guided out and adhered to the surface of the receiving carrier, and then drive the first pusher assembly (40) to move in a direction away from the surface of the receiving carrier until the cell ink is detached from the first liquid guide end. The extrusion-based organoid 3D printer can efficiently complete operations such as organoid printing.

Description

Printing nozzle device, extrusion-type organoid 3D printer, communication module and organoid printing method Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of organoid manufacturing technology, and in particular to a printing nozzle device, an extrusion-type organoid 3D printer, a communication module, and an organoid printing method. Background Technology

[0002] In organoid fabrication, cells and hydrogels such as matrigel are often prepared into droplets using a pipette. High-throughput drug screening, drug sensitivity testing, or regeneration applications of organoids require the fabrication of hundreds or even thousands of organoids. However, manual fabrication suffers from problems such as uneven size, high cell consumption, low manufacturing efficiency, and difficulty in quality control. Furthermore, traditional manual processes often involve volumes of at least 5 microliters, making the fabrication of high-throughput, smaller-volume organoids with limited sample sizes a significant challenge. Highly active hydrogel materials like matrigel, which are well-suited for organoid growth, have low modulus, exhibit temperature-sensitive properties, and poor manufacturability. Effective fabrication and maintaining high viability of organoids during the manufacturing process present considerable challenges. Extrusion processes may introduce adverse factors such as shear stress, pressure fluctuations, and the flowability of temperature-sensitive materials, all of which negatively impact cell and subsequent organoid survival rates.

[0003] Due to the aforementioned problems, the efficiency of organoid manufacturing is greatly limited. Inefficiency, inhomogeneity, and limitations in size, cell control, and activity not only increase experimental costs and time but also significantly hinder the successful execution of subsequent experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to propose a printing nozzle device, an extrusion-type organoid 3D printer, a communication module, and an organoid printing method. The printing nozzle device of this application has high cultivation efficiency and high precision, and can efficiently complete organoid manufacturing and other tasks.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides a printhead device, comprising:

[0006] The first propulsion assembly has a first liquid guide end for discharging cellular ink;

[0007] The first temperature control component, connected to the first thruster component, is used to regulate the temperature of the cell ink exported by the first thruster component to a first preset range;

[0008] A first drive component is connected to a first thruster component and is used to drive the first thruster component to move along a first preset path;

[0009] The first driving component is configured to first move the first propeller component toward the surface of the receiving carrier until the cell ink at the first liquid outlet adheres to the surface of the receiving carrier, and then move the first propeller component away from the surface of the receiving carrier until the cell ink detaches from the first liquid outlet.

[0010] In some embodiments, the printhead assembly includes an orifice plate having a plurality of receiving slots for receiving cell ink.

[0011] In some embodiments, a plurality of receiving slots are evenly distributed on the perforated plate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the printhead device further includes a second thruster assembly and a second drive assembly. The second thruster assembly has a second liquid guide end for discharging culture medium. The second drive assembly is connected to the second thruster assembly and drives the second thruster assembly to move along a second preset path to inject culture medium into the receiving tank.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first drive component is configured to drive the first thruster component to move along a first direction, and the first drive component is configured to drive the first thruster component to move along a vertical direction.

[0014] The second drive component is configured to drive the second thruster component to move along the first direction, and the second drive component is configured to drive the second thruster component to move along the vertical direction.

[0015] The orifice plate is configured to move along a second direction, wherein the first vertical direction, the first direction, and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0016] In some embodiments, the second propeller assembly includes a flow divider plate having a plurality of flow dividers, each of which is configured as a second liquid guide end and corresponds to a plurality of receiving tanks.

[0017] In some embodiments, the printhead assembly includes a second temperature control component connected to an orifice plate to adjust the solution in the receiving tank to a second preset range.

[0018] In some embodiments, the second temperature control component includes a temperature probe for detecting the temperature of the solution in the containment tank, so that the second temperature control component adjusts the temperature of the solution in the containment tank to a second first preset range.

[0019] In some embodiments, the printhead assembly includes a visual monitoring device for monitoring the state of the surface of the receiving carrier within the receiving tank.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first temperature control component includes a water-cooled generator connected to a liquid-cooled pipe adapted to allow coolant to flow through it, thereby adjusting the temperature of the first propeller component to a first preset range.

[0021] In some embodiments, the first propulsion assembly includes a linear pump, a first liquid guide end connected to the linear pump, and the linear pump operates to allow cellular ink to flow out from the first liquid guide end.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first drive component is connected to at least two first thruster components, and the first drive component is configured to drive each first thruster component to move along a first preset path.

[0023] The second aspect of this application provides an extrusion-type organoid 3D printer, including the print head device of any of the foregoing embodiments. The extrusion-type organoid 3D printer also includes a housing assembly having an inner cavity for accommodating the print head device, and the housing assembly seals the print head device.

[0024] In some embodiments, the housing assembly includes a filter fan, which includes a filter screen and a flow duct, the filter screen and the flow duct being adapted to connect the inner chamber to the external environment to provide a sterile environment for the inner chamber.

[0025] In some embodiments, the housing assembly includes a support unit for supporting the printhead assembly, the support unit being configured as a hollow structure.

[0026] An embodiment of the third aspect of this application provides a communication module for an extrusion organoid 3D printer of any of the foregoing embodiments. The communication module includes a Bluetooth control system configured to control at least a first temperature control component and a second temperature control component.

[0027] An embodiment of the third aspect of this application provides an organ-like printing method for use in any of the foregoing extrusion-type organ-like 3D printers, the method further comprising:

[0028] Adjust the temperature of the cell ink within the first thruster assembly to a first preset range;

[0029] The cell ink is exported to the first guide end and adheres to the first guide end;

[0030] Drive the first propulsion assembly to move it so that the cell ink contacts the surface of the receiving carrier;

[0031] Drive the first propulsion assembly away from the surface of the receiving carrier so that the cell ink adhering to the first liquid guide end detaches from the first liquid guide end and dissolves into the surface of the receiving carrier.

[0032] According to the above embodiments, the beneficial effects of this application are:

[0033] The printhead device of this application includes a first thruster assembly, a first temperature control assembly, and a first drive assembly. The first thruster assembly has a first liquid guide end for discharging cellular ink. The first temperature control assembly is connected to the first thruster assembly and is used to adjust the temperature of the cellular ink discharging by the first thruster assembly to a first preset range. The first drive assembly is connected to the first thruster assembly and is used to drive the first thruster assembly to move along a first preset path. The first drive assembly is configured to first move the first thruster assembly toward the surface of the receiving carrier until the cellular ink discharging from the first liquid guide end adheres to the surface of the receiving carrier, and then move the first thruster assembly away from the surface of the receiving carrier until the cellular ink detaches from the first liquid guide end.

[0034] This application causes a first driving component to drive a first propeller component to move along a first preset path, so that droplets of cellular ink suspended at a first liquid guiding end adhere to the surface of the previously extracted cellular ink / the surface of the solution to be reacted. As the first propeller component moves away from the surface of the receiving carrier, due to the surface tension and viscosity of the cellular ink, the cellular ink gradually detaches from the first liquid guiding end and dissolves into the surface of the receiving carrier.

[0035] This design eliminates the limitation that cell ink droplets suspended at the first liquid guide end need to accumulate a certain mass before falling. Therefore, the propeller assembly of this application can drop a smaller mass of cell ink onto the surface of the receiving carrier or into the previously exported cell ink at one time. In other words, the amount of cell ink exported by the propeller assembly of this application is more precise, and the printing nozzle device of this application has higher accuracy.

[0036] Furthermore, the first temperature control component is connected to the first propeller component and is used to regulate the temperature of the cell ink discharged by the first propeller component to a first preset range. This temperature control mechanism ensures that the cell ink is at a suitable temperature before discharge, which is beneficial to cell survival and growth.

[0037] In summary, the printing nozzle device of this application can discharge smaller volumes of cell ink in a single operation, while ensuring that the cell ink has sufficient activity upon discharge. Therefore, the printing nozzle device of this application has high culture efficiency and high precision, and can efficiently complete tasks such as organoid manufacturing.

[0038] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an extrusion-type organoid 3D printer according to an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the extrusion-type organoid 3D printer in Figure 1;

[0042] Figure 3 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 2;

[0043] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an extrusion organoid 3D printer viewed from another perspective in one embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the extrusion organoid 3D printer shown in Figure 4, cut by the aa plane.

[0045] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an extrusion organoid 3D printer after the outer door panel is hidden in one embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the extrusion organoid 3D printer shown in Figure 6, cut by the bb plane.

[0047] Figure 8 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a printhead device in one embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the printing nozzle device in Figure 8 viewed from another perspective;

[0049] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the printing stage unit in one embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the printing stage unit in Figure 10 cut by the cc plane;

[0051] Figure 12 is a flowchart of an organoid printing method in one embodiment of this application.

[0052] Reference numerals: Housing assembly 10; Filter fan 101; High-efficiency filter 102; Microscope display screen 103; Outer door panel 104; Rear support of cabinet 105; Machine support unit 106; Load-bearing feet 107; Lower support of cabinet 108; Second thruster assembly 20; Vertical precision lead screw motor 201; Motor slider 202; Hydraulic block 203; Liquid injection pump 204; Liquid filling enclosure 205; Liquid filling device holder 206; Microscope 207; Microscope slide 208; Printing stage unit 30; Orifice plate holder 301; Orifice plate mounting platform 302; Temperature probe a 303; Circulating water cooler 304; Semiconductor temperature controller 305. First thruster assembly 40; Vertical precision lead screw motor 401; Motor slider 402; Sampling pressure block 403; Sampling injection pump 404; Sampling encapsulation shell 405; Sampling circulating water cooling generator 406; Temperature probe 407; Sampling device holder 408; First temperature control assembly 50; Second temperature control assembly 60; First drive assembly 70; Second drive assembly 80; Orifice plate 90; Receiving groove 910.

[0053] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0055] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0056] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or," "and / or," or "and / or" throughout the text implies three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where A and B are simultaneously satisfied. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0057] An embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides a printhead device. Referring to Figures 1 to 3, in some embodiments, the printhead device includes a first pusher assembly 40, a first temperature control assembly 50, and a first drive assembly 70. The first pusher assembly 40 has a first liquid guide end for discharging cellular ink. The first temperature control assembly 50 is connected to the first pusher assembly 40 and is used to adjust the temperature of the cellular ink discharging from the first pusher assembly 40 to a first preset range. The first drive assembly 70 is connected to the first pusher assembly 40 and is used to drive the first pusher assembly 40 to move along a first preset path. The first drive assembly 70 is configured to first move the first pusher assembly 40 toward the surface of the receiving carrier until the cellular ink discharging from the first liquid guide end adheres to the surface of the receiving carrier, and then move the first pusher assembly 40 away from the surface of the receiving carrier until the cellular ink detaches from the first liquid guide end.

[0058] Furthermore, the printhead device is configured such that after the first temperature control component 50 adjusts the first propeller component 40, the first propeller component 40 first dispenses a quantitative amount of cellular ink, which is then collected by the collection device of the external door panel 104. The first propeller component 40 can dispense the cellular ink drop by drop in the form of dispensing. Because the cellular ink has a certain viscosity, it will hang on the first liquid guide end when it is dispensed. Without other measures, only when the mass of the cellular ink reaches a certain level will the droplets of cellular ink hanging on the first liquid guide end be detached from the first liquid guide end by gravity and fall into the surface of the receiving carrier / cellular ink. This application drives the first propeller component 40 to move along a first preset path by the first drive component 70, so that the droplets of cellular ink hanging on the first liquid guide end adhere to the liquid surface of the previously dispensed cellular ink / the liquid surface of the solution to be reacted. As the first propulsion assembly 40 moves away from the surface of the receiving carrier, due to the surface tension and viscosity of the cellular ink, the cellular ink gradually detaches from the first liquid guide end and dissolves into the surface of the receiving carrier. In other words, the cellular ink suspended at the first liquid guide end is pulled off from the first liquid guide end by the adsorption effect of the previously extracted cellular ink / reaction solution, i.e., the cellular ink droplets are drawn away from the first liquid guide end. By breaking the cellular ink at the first liquid guide end, the cellular ink droplets are drawn away from the first liquid guide end.

[0059] This design eliminates the limitation that cell ink droplets suspended at the first liquid guide end need to accumulate a certain mass before falling. Therefore, the propeller assembly of this application can drop smaller amounts of cell ink onto the surface of the receiving carrier or into previously extracted cell ink at once. In other words, the propeller assembly of this application can extract a more precise amount of cell ink, resulting in higher precision in the print head device. For example, the precision of the print head device of this application can be controlled to 0.1 microliters, meaning that the first liquid guide end can discharge 0.1 microliters of cell ink.

[0060] Furthermore, the first temperature control component 50 is connected to the first thruster component 40 and is used to regulate the temperature of the cell ink discharged by the first thruster component 40 to a first preset range. For example, the first temperature control component 50 has a water-cooling generator inside, which is connected to the first thruster component 40 through a liquid-cooling pipe to control the temperature of the first thruster component 40. When the cell ink passes through the first thruster component 40, the coolant in the liquid-cooling pipe absorbs the heat of the cell ink, causing the temperature of the cell ink to drop to the first preset range. This temperature control mechanism ensures that the cell ink is at a suitable temperature before being discharged, which is beneficial to cell survival and growth.

[0061] In summary, the printing nozzle device of this application can both eject smaller volumes of cellular ink in a single pass and ensure sufficient activity of the cellular ink upon ejection. Therefore, the printing nozzle device of this application exhibits high culture efficiency and precision, enabling efficient completion of tasks such as organoid manufacturing. Furthermore, the printing nozzle device of this application can also be used in various other applications, including drug screening, screening of different growth and development factors, exploration of cell mechanisms, and the manufacture of diverse tissues.

[0062] It should be noted that regarding the understanding of the receiving carrier surface, in some embodiments, when the amount of cell ink dropped is small, it does not completely cover the bottom wall of the receiving groove 910 of the well plate 90. At this time, the droplet of cell ink suspended at the first liquid guide end directly contacts the bottom wall of the receiving groove 910. When the first propeller assembly 40 moves away from the well plate 90, this droplet of cell ink is torn off, separates from the first liquid guide end, and enters the receiving groove 910. In some embodiments, there is already enough cell ink or other solution in the receiving groove 910. At this time, the droplet of cell ink suspended at the first liquid guide end contacts the already accumulated cell ink page or other solution page. When the first propeller assembly 40 moves away from the well plate 90, due to the surface tension and viscosity of the originally accumulated cell ink or other solution, this droplet of cell ink suspended at the first liquid guide end will gradually detach from the first liquid guide end and dissolve into the surface of the receiving carrier. The purpose of this application is to control the amount of cell ink dispensed through an automated dispensing method. Therefore, whether the cell ink directly contacts the bottom wall of the receiving tank 910 or the surface of the solution, the purpose of this application can be achieved according to the design principle of this application. Thus, both of the above embodiments are within the protection scope of this application.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first propulsion assembly 40 includes a linear pump and a first liquid guide end. The linear pump is used to store and expel cellular ink, and the first liquid guide end is connected to the linear pump. When the linear pump is operating, the cellular ink is ejected from the first liquid guide end through the reciprocating motion of an internal piston. The design of the first propulsion assembly 40 allows for precise control of the amount of cellular ink discharged, ensuring that the volume of cellular ink discharged each time is consistent. In some embodiments, the parameters of the linear pump of the first propulsion assembly 40 can be configured to 100ul, 200ul, 500ul, 1ml, 2ml, 5ml, 10ml, 50ml, 100ml, etc., and the first liquid guide end can be a needle with a diameter of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, or 0.5mm.

[0064] The first drive assembly 70, connected to the first thruster assembly 40, consists of a motor and a lead screw. The motor drives the lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the first thruster assembly 40 to move along a first preset path. The first drive assembly 70 moves the first thruster assembly 40 so that the cellular ink droplets suspended at the first liquid guide end come into contact with and adhere to the previously discharged cellular ink surface. Then, the first drive assembly 70 drives the first thruster assembly 40 away from the previously discharged cellular ink surface, thus smoothly drawing the cellular ink droplets previously suspended at the first liquid guide end away. This design avoids droplet residue and allows for precise control of the volume of cellular ink discharged by the first thruster assembly 40.

[0065] It is understandable that the solution discharged by the first propulsion component 40 is not limited to cell ink, but can also be cell clusters, hydrogels, DNA, cell spheres, cell blocks, cell fibers, etc. The corresponding material is selected according to the actual application. Through the printing nozzle device of this application, the volume of these materials discharged can be controlled more precisely, that is, the amount of materials participating in the reaction can be controlled more precisely.

[0066] It is understood that, in some embodiments, the linear pump of the first thruster assembly 40 may employ different driving methods, such as a pneumatic pump or an electric pump, as long as it can achieve precise discharge of the cell ink.

[0067] It is understood that the volume of the cell ink droplets discharged from the first liquid guide end is determined by the cross-sectional area and lead of the outlet. Therefore, in some embodiments, the first liquid guide end can be designed with different shapes and sizes to adapt to different types of cell inks and experimental needs. For example, the first liquid guide end can be designed as an elongated shape to facilitate the formation of small cell ink droplets, or as a flat shape to facilitate the formation of larger cell ink droplets.

[0068] The motion control of the first propeller assembly 40 by the first drive assembly 70 to avoid droplet residue at the first liquid guide end can be either compensating or hovering. For example, when configured as compensating, the first drive assembly 70 continuously drives the first propeller assembly 40 to move away from the surface of the cellular ink, that is, the propeller assembly moves upward while dripping, until at the last moment, the dripped cellular ink is pulled by the surface of the cellular ink and broken off from the first liquid guide end, thus achieving the effect of precisely controlling the volume of cellular ink. When configured as hovering, the first drive assembly 70 only needs to drive the first liquid guide end to a preset height. As the cellular ink is injected, the surface of the cellular ink rises. When it approaches the preset height, the surface of the cellular ink will contact the cellular ink droplet suspended at the first liquid guide end, thereby breaking the droplet of cellular ink off the first liquid guide end. Understandably, the volume of cellular ink in the container is determined by the volume of the last drop of cellular ink discharged from the first liquid guide end. The finer the volume of the last drop of cellular ink discharged from the first liquid guide end, the finer the volume of cellular ink in the container, i.e., the higher the precision. Therefore, regardless of whether a compensation-based or hovering-based method is used, it is only necessary to ensure that the last drop of cellular ink discharged from the first liquid guide end is torn off from the first liquid guide end by adsorption from the surface of the previous cellular ink, thereby detaching from the first liquid guide end.

[0069] To precisely control the amount of cell ink in the receiving tank 910, it is necessary to precisely control the height of the first liquid guide end from the cell ink surface. In some embodiments, this height is precisely controlled by a grating ruler to ensure that the accuracy of the printhead device can achieve the preset effect.

[0070] In some embodiments, the water-cooled generator in the first temperature control component 50 can employ various cooling media, such as water, ethanol, or other coolants, to meet different temperature regulation requirements. The liquid-cooled pipes can be designed in a serpentine or spiral shape to increase the contact area between the coolant and the cell ink, thereby improving cooling efficiency. Furthermore, the first temperature control component 50 can also be equipped with a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the cell ink in real time, ensuring that the temperature remains within a first preset range. In some embodiments, the first preset range is 4 degrees Celsius to 8 degrees Celsius; for example, the temperature can be selected as 4 degrees Celsius, 5 degrees Celsius, 6 degrees Celsius, 7 degrees Celsius, or 8 degrees Celsius.

[0071] The motor of the first drive assembly 70 can be a stepper motor or a servo motor to achieve high-precision motion control. The lead screw can be designed with different pitches to adjust the moving speed and distance of the first pusher assembly 40. The first drive assembly 70 can also be equipped with an encoder to provide real-time feedback on the position information of the first pusher assembly 40, ensuring that it accurately reaches the predetermined position.

[0072] Referring to Figures 3, 6, and 7, in some embodiments, the printhead device includes a perforated plate 90 with multiple receiving slots 910 for containing cell ink. The design of the perforated plate 90 allows the cell ink to be cultured in multiple independent environments, improving experimental diversity and efficiency.

[0073] The well plate 90 can be made of transparent polystyrene or glass to facilitate observation of cell growth. The surface of the well plate 90 can be specially treated, such as with hydrophilic or hydrophobic treatments, to improve the adhesion and flowability of cell ink. The bottom of the well plate 90 can be designed as flat or concave to suit different experimental needs.

[0074] It is understood that, in some embodiments, the number and arrangement of the wells 910 on the well plate 90 can be adjusted according to experimental requirements. For example, the well plate 90 can be designed as a 96-well plate 90, a 24-well plate 90, or a 6-well plate 90 to accommodate experiments of different scales. The shape and size of the wells 910 can also be optimized according to cell type and culture conditions, such as circular, square, or elliptical.

[0075] The well plate 90 can be equipped with a lid to prevent external contaminants from entering the containment tank 910, maintaining a sterile environment. The lid can be designed with a breathable material to allow gas exchange but prevent microbial entry. Furthermore, the well plate 90 can be equipped with a marking system, such as numerical or alphanumeric markings, to facilitate quick location and recording of the position and contents of each containment tank 910 by laboratory personnel.

[0076] The orifice plate 90 can be manufactured using injection molding or blow molding to ensure dimensional accuracy and surface quality. The edges of the orifice plate 90 can be designed with a wavy or serrated shape to increase grip and facilitate operation by laboratory personnel. The orifice plate 90 can also be equipped with a support to maintain its stability on the laboratory bench.

[0077] Referring to Figures 3 and 7, in some embodiments, the well plate 90 includes a plurality of receiving slots 910, which are evenly distributed on the well plate 90. The structural design of the well plate 90 provides sufficient space between each receiving slot 910 to avoid interference between adjacent receiving slots 910. The uniform distribution of the receiving slots 910 ensures that the cell ink in each receiving slot 910 is cultured under the same conditions, improving the repeatability and accuracy of the experiment. Thus, the printing nozzle device of this application can complete the culture work efficiently and rapidly.

[0078] It is understood that, in some embodiments, the number and arrangement of the receiving slots 910 on the orifice plate 90 can be adjusted according to experimental requirements. For example, the orifice plate 90 can be designed in an array as a 96-well plate 90, a 24-well plate 90, or a 6-well plate 90, or the receiving slots 910 can be configured as multiple concentric circles, spreading outwards layer by layer. The regular design of the receiving slots 910 on the orifice plate 90 facilitates the control of the first drive assembly 70 on the first propeller assembly 40, enabling the propeller assembly to quickly correspond to the receiving slot 910 that needs liquid injection.

[0079] Referring to Figures 1 to 3, as well as Figures 6 and 7, in some embodiments, the printhead device further includes a second thruster assembly 20 and a second drive assembly 80. The second thruster assembly 20 has a second liquid guide end for discharging culture medium, and the second drive assembly 80 is connected to the second thruster assembly 20. The second drive assembly 80 drives the second thruster assembly 20 to move along a second preset path to inject culture medium into the receiving groove 910 of the orifice plate 90.

[0080] The second thruster assembly 20 is designed similarly to the first thruster assembly 40, including a reservoir and a conduit. The reservoir stores the culture medium, and the conduit connects the reservoir and the second conduit. An internal pump draws the culture medium from the second conduit. The design of the second conduit ensures precise discharge of the culture medium, preventing over- or under-discharge.

[0081] The second drive assembly 80 consists of a motor and a lead screw. The motor drives the lead screw to rotate, and the lead screw drives the second pusher assembly 20 to move along a second preset path. When the second pusher assembly 20 reaches the predetermined position, the culture medium is discharged from the second liquid guide end and injected into the receiving groove 910 of the orifice plate 90. This design ensures precise distribution of the culture medium and improves the efficiency and accuracy of the experiment.

[0082] It is understood that, in some embodiments, the reservoir of the second propeller assembly 20 may be made of different materials, such as stainless steel or plastic, to accommodate different types of culture media. The capacity of the reservoir can be adjusted according to experimental needs to meet experiments of different scales. The liquid delivery conduit can be designed with different diameters and lengths to accommodate different flow rates and distances.

[0083] The motor of the second drive assembly 80 can be a stepper motor or a servo motor to achieve high-precision motion control. The lead screw can be designed with different pitches to adjust the moving speed and distance of the second pusher assembly 20. The second drive assembly 80 can also be equipped with an encoder to provide real-time feedback on the position information of the second pusher assembly 20, ensuring that it accurately reaches the predetermined position.

[0084] In some embodiments, the second propeller assembly 20 may further include a flow divider plate having multiple flow outlets, each corresponding to a receiving tank 910. The design of the flow divider plate allows culture medium to be injected into multiple receiving tanks 910 simultaneously, improving experimental efficiency. The shape and size of the flow outlets can be optimized according to the dimensions of the receiving tanks 910 to ensure uniform distribution of the culture medium.

[0085] Furthermore, the second thruster assembly 20 and the second drive assembly 80 can be integrated into a single module, facilitating installation and maintenance. The modular design also allows users to replace different thruster and drive assemblies according to experimental needs, increasing the flexibility and applicability of the equipment.

[0086] Referring to Figures 6 to 9, in some embodiments, the first drive assembly 70 is configured to drive the first thruster assembly 40 to move along a first direction, and the first drive assembly 70 is also configured to drive the first thruster assembly 40 to move vertically. This enables the first thruster assembly 40 to move precisely in a two-dimensional plane, thereby achieving rapid alignment of the first thruster assembly 40 and the receiving groove 910, as well as precise dispensing of the cellular ink.

[0087] The second drive assembly 80 is configured to drive the second thruster assembly 20 to move along a first direction, and the second drive assembly 80 is also configured to drive the second thruster assembly 20 to move in a vertical direction. The perforated plate 90 is configured to move along a second direction, wherein the first vertical direction, the first direction, and the second direction are mutually perpendicular.

[0088] This structure, in the form of a gantry, allows the components of the printhead device to move along the x, y, and z directions, thereby improving the flexibility of the printhead device. The alignment of the first pusher assembly 40, the second pusher assembly 20, and the perforated plate 90 is faster, thus the printhead device of this application has higher working efficiency.

[0089] The first drive assembly 70 and the second drive assembly 80 may include a motor and a lead screw transmission mechanism. The motor drives the lead screw to rotate, and the lead screw drives the first pusher assembly 40 to move along a first direction. The motor may be a stepper motor or a servo motor to achieve high-precision motion control. The pitch of the lead screw can be adjusted as needed to change the moving speed and distance of the first pusher assembly 40.

[0090] To achieve vertical movement, the first drive assembly 70 and the second drive assembly 80 may further include a vertical guide mechanism. The vertical guide mechanism can be a vertical slide rail, on which the first pusher assembly 40 is fixed, and a motor drives a slider to move up and down along the slide rail. In this way, the first pusher assembly 40 can move precisely in the vertical direction to accommodate orifice plates 90 of different heights or different experimental requirements.

[0091] It is understandable that in some embodiments, the choice of motor can be diverse, including stepper motors, servo motors, DC motors, or AC motors. The motor can be controlled using either closed-loop or open-loop control. Closed-loop control uses an encoder to provide real-time feedback of the motor's position information, ensuring high-precision motion control; open-loop control uses a preset number of pulses to control the motor's rotation angle.

[0092] Screw drive mechanisms can be designed in different forms, such as ball screws or trapezoidal screws. Ball screws have lower frictional resistance and higher transmission efficiency, making them suitable for high-precision motion control; trapezoidal screws, on the other hand, have stronger load-bearing capacity and are suitable for heavy-load applications.

[0093] Vertical guide mechanisms can employ different designs, such as linear bearings or linear guides. Linear bearings have lower frictional resistance, making them suitable for high-speed motion; linear guides, on the other hand, offer higher rigidity and stability, making them suitable for high-precision positioning.

[0094] In addition, the first drive assembly 70 may also be equipped with position sensors, such as photoelectric sensors or magnetic sensors, to detect the position of the first thruster assembly 40. These sensors can work in conjunction with the control system to achieve automated motion control and improve the intelligence level of the equipment.

[0095] In some embodiments, the second propeller assembly 20 includes a flow divider plate having multiple flow dividers, each of which is configured as a second liquid guide end and corresponds to multiple receiving tanks 910. This design allows the second propeller assembly 20 to simultaneously inject culture medium into multiple receiving tanks 910, improving experimental efficiency.

[0096] The manifold can be made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The surface of the manifold can be smoothed to reduce culture medium residue and contamination. The thickness and shape of the manifold can be designed according to actual needs to ensure uniform distribution of the culture medium.

[0097] The design of each branch outlet needs to take into account the flow rate and pressure of the culture medium to ensure a consistent volume of culture medium in each containment tank 910. The diameter and spacing of the branch outlets can be optimized based on the size and distribution of the containment tanks 910 to achieve the best distribution effect.

[0098] Understandably, in some embodiments, the diverter plate may be designed to be removable for easy cleaning and maintenance. For example, the diverter plate may be designed as multiple independent modules, each corresponding to a set of receiving slots 910. This allows users to replace or clean specific modules as needed without affecting the use of other parts.

[0099] The number and layout of the flow dividers can be adjusted according to the number and arrangement of the receiving slots 910 of the orifice plate 90. For example, if the orifice plate 90 is a 96-well plate 90, the flow divider can be designed to have 96 flow dividers, each corresponding to one receiving slot 910. The spacing of the flow dividers can be matched with the spacing of the receiving slots 910 to ensure accurate injection of the culture medium.

[0100] The flow divider can also be equipped with a pressure regulating device to adjust the injection pressure of the culture medium. The pressure regulating device can be a regulating valve or a pump. By adjusting the pressure, the flow rate and speed of the culture medium can be controlled to meet different experimental needs.

[0101] Furthermore, the flow divider can be equipped with flow sensors to detect the flow rate at each branch point. These flow sensors, working in conjunction with the control system, enable real-time monitoring and adjustment of the culture medium distribution, ensuring a consistent volume of culture medium in each container 910. This design not only improves experimental accuracy but also enhances the reliability of the equipment.

[0102] Referring to Figure 6, in some embodiments, the printhead device includes a second temperature control component 60 connected to the orifice plate 90 for adjusting the solution in the receiving tank 910 to a second preset range. The design of the second temperature control component 60 ensures that the cell ink in the orifice plate 90 is cultured at a suitable temperature, thereby improving cell survival rate and growth efficiency.

[0103] The second temperature control component 60 may include a heating element, which may be a resistance heating element or a heating wire. The heating element and cooling element are respectively installed at the bottom or side of the orifice plate 90. The heating and cooling power are adjusted by the control system to maintain the temperature of the solution inside the orifice plate 90 within a second preset range. The second preset range may be 32 degrees Celsius to 42 degrees Celsius, for example, 33 degrees Celsius, 36 degrees Celsius, 37 degrees Celsius, 39 degrees Celsius, or 42 degrees Celsius, preferably 37 degrees Celsius. This range is close to human body temperature, which is beneficial for maintaining cell activity.

[0104] It is understood that, in some embodiments, the heating element of the second temperature control component 60 may employ different heating methods, such as infrared heating, microwave heating, or ultrasonic heating, to adapt to different experimental requirements. The power and distribution of the heating element can be optimized according to the size and shape of the orifice plate 90 to ensure uniform temperature distribution.

[0105] Of course, in some embodiments, to accommodate different materials within the receiving tank 910, the second temperature control component 60 can also be a cooling element, which can be a semiconductor cooling plate or a water-cooling system. The cooling element can employ different cooling media, such as water, ethanol, or other coolants, to meet different temperature regulation requirements. The cooling system can be designed for circulating cooling, using a pump to circulate the coolant to the cooling element, improving cooling efficiency. Furthermore, the cooling element can be equipped with a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the solution within the orifice plate 90 in real time, ensuring that the temperature remains within a second preset range.

[0106] In some embodiments, the second temperature control component 60 may also be equipped with a temperature controller, which adjusts the heating and cooling power using a PID algorithm (proportional-integral-derivative control) to achieve precise temperature control. The temperature controller can be integrated with the control system, allowing preset temperatures and control parameters to be set via a user interface for automated operation.

[0107] In addition, the second temperature control component 60 can be equipped with a backup power supply to prevent temperature runaway caused by sudden power failure. The backup power supply can automatically switch in the event of a main power failure, ensuring that the temperature of the solution inside the orifice plate 90 is not affected.

[0108] Referring to Figures 6 and 11, in some embodiments, the second temperature control component 60 includes a temperature probe for detecting the temperature of the solution in the containment tank 910, so that the second temperature control component 60 adjusts the temperature of the solution in the containment tank 910 to a second preset range. The design of the temperature probe ensures the accuracy and real-time performance of temperature measurement, improving the precision of temperature control.

[0109] The temperature probe is installed at the bottom or side of the orifice plate 90, in direct contact with the solution within the orifice plate 90, and is connected to the temperature controller via wires. Different types of temperature probes can be used, such as thermocouples, thermistors, or fiber optic temperature sensors, to meet various measurement needs. Thermocouples offer a high temperature measurement range and response speed, making them suitable for high-temperature environments; thermistors provide high sensitivity and stability, making them suitable for room-temperature environments; and fiber optic temperature sensors offer advantages such as resistance to electromagnetic interference and non-contact measurement, making them suitable for special environments.

[0110] It is understood that, in some embodiments, the number and position of the temperature probes can be adjusted according to the size of the orifice plate 90 and the number of receiving slots 910 to ensure the uniformity and accuracy of temperature measurement. For example, multiple temperature probes can be installed at different positions on the orifice plate 90, and data from multiple temperature measurement points can be collected by the control system to calculate the average temperature or the highest / lowest temperature, thereby achieving more precise temperature control.

[0111] Temperature probes can be equipped with protective sleeves to prevent damage from impurities or chemicals in the solution. The protective sleeves can be made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The length and diameter of the protective sleeve can be designed according to actual needs to ensure the normal operation of the temperature probe.

[0112] The connection between the temperature probe and the temperature controller can be achieved wirelessly, such as via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, to reduce wiring complexity and improve device flexibility. Wireless communication also enables remote monitoring and data transmission, allowing users to easily view and adjust temperature settings in real time.

[0113] In addition, the temperature probe can be equipped with a self-cleaning function, which removes dirt and deposits from the probe surface through periodic vibration or spraying of cleaning fluid, ensuring the accuracy of temperature measurements. The self-cleaning function can be integrated with the control system to trigger cleaning operations at preset time intervals or temperature changes, improving the reliability and maintainability of the equipment.

[0114] Referring to Figure 9, in some embodiments, the printing nozzle assembly includes a visual monitoring device for monitoring the solution state in the reservoir 910 within the well plate 90. The design of the visual monitoring device ensures that changes in the cell ink can be observed and recorded in real time during the experiment, improving the accuracy and reliability of the experiment. Specifically, the visual monitoring device can be a microscope.

[0115] In some embodiments, the visual monitoring device includes a camera and a light source. The camera is mounted above the orifice plate 90 and, through its lens, is aimed at each receiving tank 910 within the orifice plate 90 to capture real-time images of the solution within the receiving tank 910. The light source, which can be an LED lamp or a fluorescent lamp, is mounted near the camera to provide sufficient illumination to ensure clear image visibility.

[0116] The camera can be connected to an image processing system, which uses image analysis algorithms to automatically detect and analyze the state of the solution, such as color changes, turbidity, and cell density. The image processing system can be integrated with the control system to display images and analysis results in real time through a user interface, facilitating user monitoring of experimental progress.

[0117] It is understood that in some embodiments, the camera can be selected from different types of cameras, such as CCD cameras or CMOS cameras, to adapt to different resolution and frame rate requirements. CCD cameras have higher image quality and stability, making them suitable for high-precision image analysis; CMOS cameras have lower cost and power consumption, making them suitable for large-scale experiments.

[0118] The light source can employ different colors and intensities, such as white light, blue light, or ultraviolet light, to adapt to different cell inks and experimental conditions. The brightness and illumination angle of the light source can be adjusted according to actual needs to ensure image clarity and contrast.

[0119] The visual monitoring device can also be equipped with an autofocus function, which ensures that the captured image is always sharp by adjusting the position of the lens. The autofocus function can be integrated with the control system to achieve automated focusing operation through preset focus points and focus distances.

[0120] In addition, visual monitoring devices can be equipped with image storage capabilities, allowing the storage of captured images and videos via built-in or external storage devices. This image storage function can be integrated with a data management system, enabling remote monitoring and data analysis by transmitting image data over a network.

[0121] Referring to Figure 9, in some embodiments, the first temperature control component 50 includes a water-cooled generator connected to a liquid-cooled pipe adapted to circulate coolant to regulate the temperature of the first propulsion component 40 to a first preset range. The design of the first temperature control component 50 ensures that the cellular ink is at a suitable temperature before discharge, which is beneficial to cell survival and growth.

[0122] The water-cooled generator includes a coolant storage tank, a water pump, and a cooling device. The coolant storage tank stores coolant, and the water pump draws coolant from the tank and delivers it to the first thruster assembly 40 through liquid-cooled pipes. The cooling device, which can be a radiator or a chiller, is used to lower the temperature of the coolant. The coolant contacts the first thruster assembly 40 through the liquid-cooled pipes, absorbing heat from the first thruster assembly 40 and reducing its temperature to a first preset range.

[0123] It is understood that in some embodiments, the coolant can be selected from different types, such as water, aqueous ethylene glycol solution, or aqueous propylene glycol solution, to meet different cooling requirements. Water has a high specific heat capacity and good thermal conductivity, making it suitable for most cooling applications; aqueous ethylene glycol solution and aqueous propylene glycol solution have low freezing points and high boiling points, making them suitable for low-temperature or high-temperature environments.

[0124] Liquid-cooled pipes can be designed in different shapes and diameters to increase the contact area between the coolant and the first thruster assembly 40, thereby improving cooling efficiency. The liquid-cooled pipes can be made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to ensure long-term stable operation.

[0125] The water-cooled generator can be equipped with a temperature sensor to monitor the coolant temperature in real time, ensuring that the coolant temperature remains within a preset range. The temperature sensor can be integrated with the control system, using a PID algorithm (proportional-integral-derivative control) to adjust the water pump speed and cooling device power, achieving precise temperature control.

[0126] In addition, the water-cooled generator can be equipped with a filter to remove impurities and deposits from the coolant, preventing blockages in the liquid cooling pipes. The filter can be replaced or cleaned periodically to ensure the proper functioning of the cooling system.

[0127] The water-cooled generator can also be equipped with a backup power supply to prevent temperature runaway caused by sudden power outages. The backup power supply can automatically switch over in the event of a main power failure, ensuring that the temperature of the first thruster assembly 40 remains unaffected. The backup power supply can be integrated with the control system to achieve automated power switching operations through preset switching times and conditions.

[0128] Referring to Figure 9, in some embodiments, the first propulsion assembly 40 includes a linear pump, with a first liquid guide connected to the linear pump. The linear pump operates to allow cell ink to flow out from the first liquid guide. The design of the linear pump ensures precise discharge of cell ink, avoiding over- or under-discharge and improving the accuracy and reliability of the experiment.

[0129] The linear pump includes a pump body, a piston, and a drive mechanism. The pump body has a liquid storage chamber inside. The piston reciprocates within the liquid storage chamber under the action of the drive mechanism, forcing cellular ink out of the chamber and out through the first liquid guide end. The drive mechanism can be a motor and a lead screw drive mechanism. The motor drives the lead screw to rotate, and the lead screw moves the piston within the liquid storage chamber.

[0130] The reservoir of a linear pump can be designed with different volumes to accommodate different volumes of cell ink. The reservoir material can be selected from corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to ensure long-term stable operation. Filters can be installed at the inlet and outlet of the reservoir to remove impurities and deposits from the cell ink and prevent clogging of the first inlet.

[0131] It is understood that in some embodiments, the drive mechanism of the linear pump can employ different drive methods, such as pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, or electric drive, to adapt to different experimental requirements. Pneumatic drive uses compressed air to push the piston, offering high response speed and low cost; hydraulic drive uses hydraulic oil to push the piston, providing high thrust and stability.

[0132] The piston of a linear pump can be designed in different shapes and sizes to accommodate various cell inks and experimental conditions. The piston surface can be smoothed to reduce frictional resistance and improve pump efficiency. The piston seals can be made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials, such as fluororubber or silicone rubber, to ensure long-term stable sealing performance.

[0133] Linear pumps can also be equipped with flow sensors to detect the flow rate of cellular ink. These flow sensors can be integrated with control systems to achieve automated flow control through preset flow thresholds and control parameters. Different types of flow sensors, such as turbine flow meters or ultrasonic flow meters, can be used to meet various measurement needs.

[0134] In addition, the linear pump can be equipped with a pressure sensor to detect the pressure of the cell ink. The pressure sensor can be integrated with the control system to achieve automated pressure control through preset pressure thresholds and control parameters. Different types of pressure sensors can be used, such as piezoresistive or piezoelectric pressure sensors, to suit different measurement needs.

[0135] Referring to Figure 9, in some embodiments, the first drive assembly 70 is connected to at least two first thruster assemblies 40, and the first drive assembly 70 is configured to drive each first thruster assembly 40 to move along a first preset path. This design allows multiple first thruster assemblies 40 to work collaboratively, improving the efficiency of cell ink discharge and experimental flexibility.

[0136] The first drive assembly 70 includes a motor and a transmission mechanism. The motor can be a stepper motor or a servo motor, which drives the first pusher assembly 40 to move along a first preset path via a drive transmission mechanism (such as a belt, gear, or lead screw). The motor can be controlled by closed-loop control or open-loop control. Closed-loop control uses an encoder to provide real-time feedback of the motor's position information to ensure high-precision motion control; open-loop control uses a preset number of pulses to control the motor's rotation angle.

[0137] The first drive assembly 70 may be equipped with a multi-axis motion control system to coordinate the movement of multiple first thruster assemblies 40. The multi-axis motion control system can be integrated with the control system, allowing for automated motion control by setting preset paths and control parameters through a user interface. The multi-axis motion control system can employ different control algorithms, such as PID control or fuzzy control, to adapt to different motion requirements.

[0138] It is understood that in some embodiments, the motor of the first drive component 70 may be of different types, such as a DC motor or an AC motor, to suit different experimental requirements. DC motors have high response speed and low cost, making them suitable for high-speed motion; AC motors have high torque and stability, making them suitable for applications with high loads.

[0139] Transmission mechanisms can be designed in different forms, such as belt drives, gear drives, or lead screw drives. Belt drives have low frictional resistance and high transmission efficiency, making them suitable for high-speed motion; gear drives have high rigidity and stability, making them suitable for high-precision positioning; lead screw drives have high load-bearing capacity and low wear, making them suitable for heavy-load applications.

[0140] The first drive assembly 70 may also be equipped with a position sensor, such as a photoelectric sensor or a magnetic sensor, to detect the position of the first thruster assembly 40. The position sensor can be integrated with the control system to achieve automated positioning control through preset position thresholds and control parameters. Different types of position sensors, such as photoelectric switches or Hall effect sensors, can be used to adapt to different detection requirements.

[0141] Furthermore, the first drive assembly 70 may be equipped with safety protection devices, such as limit switches or emergency stop buttons, to prevent the first thruster assembly 40 from exceeding a preset path or causing an accident. The safety protection devices can be integrated with the control system to achieve automated safety control through preset safety thresholds and control parameters. Different types of safety protection devices may be used, such as mechanical limit switches or electronic limit switches, to meet different safety requirements.

[0142] Referring to Figures 1 to 11, an embodiment of the second aspect of this application provides an extrusion-type organoid 3D printer, including the printing nozzle assembly of any of the above-mentioned embodiments. The extrusion-type organoid 3D printer further includes a housing assembly 10. The housing assembly 10 has an inner chamber for accommodating and sealing the printing nozzle assembly. This design ensures that the printing nozzle assembly operates in a sterile environment, improving the purity of cell ink and culture medium and the reliability of experiments.

[0143] The housing assembly 10 includes a housing, an outer door panel 104, and a sealing device. The housing is made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or polycarbonate, to ensure long-term stable operation. The shape and size of the housing can be designed according to the size and shape of the printhead assembly to provide sufficient space and good sealing performance.

[0144] The outer door panel 104 of the housing assembly 10 can be opened manually or automatically. The manual outer door panel 104 is opened via a handle or knob, while the automatic outer door panel 104 is opened via a motor and transmission mechanism. The sealing device of the outer door panel 104 can use a rubber sealing ring or a silicone sealing gasket to ensure a tight seal when the outer door panel 104 is closed. The transparent portion of the outer door panel 104 can be made of transparent black acrylic, polycarbonate, or glass to facilitate observation of the experimental conditions within the inner chamber.

[0145] The interior of the chamber can be equipped with lighting and ventilation systems. The lighting can be LED or fluorescent lamps, providing sufficient illumination for easy observation and operation. The ventilation system can be a fan or blower, circulating air within the chamber through air ducts to ensure uniform temperature and humidity distribution.

[0146] It is understood that, in some embodiments, the housing assembly 10 may be designed as a modular structure for easy disassembly and maintenance. The modular structure allows users to replace or upgrade different components as needed, such as the outer door panel 104, lighting fixtures, and ventilation devices, improving the flexibility and maintainability of the equipment.

[0147] The interior of the chamber can be equipped with temperature and humidity sensors for real-time monitoring of environmental conditions. These sensors can be integrated with a control system to achieve automated environmental control through preset temperature and humidity thresholds. Different types of temperature and humidity sensors can be used, such as thermocouples, thermistors, or humidity sensors, to meet various measurement needs.

[0148] The housing assembly 10 may also be equipped with an emergency vent for quickly expelling gases from the internal chamber in emergencies, ensuring the safety of laboratory personnel. The emergency vent may be equipped with a filter to prevent external contaminants from entering the internal chamber. The emergency vent can be integrated with a control system to achieve automated emergency operation based on preset emergency conditions.

[0149] Referring to Figures 4 and 5, in some embodiments, the housing assembly 10 includes a filter fan 101, which includes a filter screen and a flow guide duct. The filter screen and flow guide duct are adapted to connect the inner chamber to the external environment to provide a sterile environment for the inner chamber. This design ensures that the air inside the inner chamber remains sterile at all times, improving the reliability of the experiment and thus ensuring experimental efficiency.

[0150] The filter fan 101 includes a fan, a filter, and an air duct. The fan can be an axial fan or a centrifugal fan, which introduces outside air into the inner chamber through the air duct. The filter can be a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter or an ULPA (Ultra-High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter, which effectively filters bacteria, viruses, and other particulate matter in the air, ensuring that the air entering the inner chamber is sterile.

[0151] The airflow guide duct can be designed in different shapes and sizes to adapt to different internal chamber layouts and airflow requirements. The airflow guide duct can be made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to ensure long-term stable operation. The inlet and outlet of the airflow guide duct can be equipped with external valve panels 104 to regulate airflow and pressure, ensuring uniform airflow distribution within the internal chamber.

[0152] It is understood that in some embodiments, the filter fan 101 may employ different types of fans, such as DC fans or AC fans, to adapt to different power and speed requirements. DC fans have higher response speeds and lower costs, making them suitable for small internal chambers; AC fans have higher airflow and stability, making them suitable for large internal chambers.

[0153] The filter can be equipped with a pre-filter for initial filtration of large particles in the air, extending the lifespan of the HEPA or ULPA filter. The pre-filter can be made of paper or metal and should be replaced or cleaned regularly to ensure effective filtration.

[0154] The airflow duct can be equipped with a pressure sensor to detect the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity. The pressure sensor can be integrated with the control system to achieve automated pressure control through preset pressure thresholds. Different types of pressure sensors can be used, such as piezoresistive or piezoelectric pressure sensors, to meet different measurement needs.

[0155] The filter fan 101 can also be equipped with a temperature sensor to detect the temperature inside the cavity. The temperature sensor can be integrated with the control system to achieve automated temperature control through preset temperature thresholds. Different types of temperature sensors can be used, such as thermocouples or thermistors, to meet different measurement needs.

[0156] In addition, the filter fan 101 can be equipped with an automatic cleaning function, which removes dirt and deposits from the filter surface through periodic vibration or spraying of cleaning fluid to ensure filtration effectiveness. The automatic cleaning function can be integrated with the control system to achieve automated cleaning operations based on preset time intervals or filtration effects.

[0157] Referring to Figure 5, in some embodiments, the housing assembly 10 includes a support unit for supporting the printhead assembly, the support unit being configured with a perforated structure. This design ensures that the printhead assembly is stably placed within the inner cavity, while the perforated structure helps reduce weight, improve ventilation, and enhance the heat dissipation performance of the device.

[0158] In some embodiments, the support unit can be formed as a hollow structure consisting of a base, columns, and beams. The base is made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy, to ensure long-term stable operation. The shape and size of the base can be designed according to the size and shape of the printhead assembly to provide sufficient support area and stability. The columns and beams are made of high-strength materials, such as stainless steel or carbon fiber, to ensure the structural strength and stability of the support unit. The columns and beams can be designed with adjustable height and angle to accommodate printhead assemblies of different heights and layouts. The connection points of the columns and beams can be bolted or snap-fitted for easy disassembly and maintenance. The columns and beams can be equipped with shock-absorbing devices, such as rubber pads or springs, to reduce vibration and noise generated during equipment operation, improving the accuracy and reliability of experiments. The shock-absorbing devices can be integrated with the connection points of the support unit to achieve automated shock absorption through preset shock-absorbing parameters.

[0159] In some embodiments, the perforated structure can be designed in a mesh, honeycomb, or grid pattern to ensure good ventilation and heat dissipation. The aperture and spacing of the perforations can be adjusted according to actual needs to balance support strength and ventilation. The surface of the perforated structure can be smoothed to reduce the accumulation of dust and contaminants.

[0160] The aperture and spacing of the perforated structure can be designed to vary gradually to accommodate the ventilation and heat dissipation needs of different parts. For example, the aperture at the bottom can be larger to enhance heat dissipation, while the aperture at the top can be smaller to reduce the entry of dust and contaminants. The surface of the perforated structure can be treated with rust prevention, such as by spraying an anti-corrosion coating, to extend the service life of the equipment.

[0161] Understandably, in some embodiments, the base of the support unit can be designed to be movable, such as equipped with casters or rails, to facilitate user movement and position adjustment within the laboratory. The casters can be omnidirectional wheels with brakes to ensure stability during use. It is also understandable that the housing can be fitted with height-adjustable feet to allow the extrusion organoid 3D printer to adapt to various placement scenarios or uneven surfaces.

[0162] In addition, the support unit can be equipped with sensors, such as temperature and humidity sensors, for real-time monitoring of environmental conditions within the cavity. These sensors can be integrated with the control system to achieve automated environmental control through preset temperature and humidity thresholds. Different types of sensors can be used, such as thermocouples, thermistors, or humidity sensors, to meet various measurement needs.

[0163] An embodiment of the third aspect of this application provides a communication module for the aforementioned extrusion-type organoid 3D printer. The communication module includes a Bluetooth control system configured to control at least a first temperature control component 50 and a second temperature control component 60. This design allows users to remotely control and monitor the temperature control components wirelessly, improving the device's intelligence and ease of operation.

[0164] The Bluetooth control system includes a Bluetooth module, a microcontroller, and an interface circuit. The Bluetooth module is responsible for wireless communication with external devices (such as smartphones, tablets, or computers), the microcontroller is responsible for processing received instructions and controlling the temperature control component, and the interface circuit is responsible for connecting the temperature control component and the microcontroller.

[0165] Bluetooth modules can employ Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, featuring low power consumption and a long communication range, making them suitable for extended wireless communication. Bluetooth modules can support various communication protocols, such as SPP (Serial Port Protocol) or GATT (General Attribute Profile), to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0166] Microcontrollers can employ high-performance embedded processors, such as the ARM Cortex-M series or STM32 series, which possess high processing power and rich peripheral interfaces, enabling them to handle complex control algorithms and data processing tasks. Microcontrollers can achieve precise control of temperature control components through preset control algorithms, such as PID control or fuzzy control.

[0167] The interface circuit may include analog and digital signal interfaces for connecting the temperature control component and the microcontroller. The analog signal interface can be used to acquire temperature sensor signals from the temperature control component, while the digital signal interface can be used to control the heating and cooling elements of the temperature control component. The interface circuit may be equipped with protection circuits, such as overvoltage and overcurrent protection, to prevent electrical faults from damaging the equipment.

[0168] Understandably, in some embodiments, the Bluetooth control system may be equipped with a user interface, such as a mobile application or computer software, through which users can set the preset temperature and control parameters of the temperature control component, and view the operating status and historical data of the temperature control component in real time. The user interface can support multiple languages ​​and operating habits, improving the user experience.

[0169] The Bluetooth control system can be equipped with data storage capabilities, such as built-in flash memory or an external SD card, to store operating data and historical records of the temperature control components. This data storage function can be integrated with the user interface, allowing users to download and analyze data, and perform statistical analysis of experimental results.

[0170] The Bluetooth control system can also be equipped with alarm functions, such as audible or visual alarms, to alert the user when the temperature control components malfunction. The alarm function can be integrated with the control system to automate alarm operations through preset alarm thresholds. The alarm function supports multiple alarm methods, such as local and remote alarms, improving the safety and reliability of the equipment.

[0171] In addition, Bluetooth control systems can be equipped with security authentication features, such as password protection or fingerprint recognition, to prevent unauthorized access and operation. These security authentication features can be integrated with the user interface, requiring users to authenticate before controlling and configuring the device, ensuring its security and confidentiality.

[0172] Referring to Figure 12, an embodiment of the fourth aspect of this application provides an organ-like printing method for use in the organ-like 3D printer of any of the foregoing embodiments. The method includes the following steps:

[0173] S101: Adjust the temperature of the cell ink inside the first thruster assembly 40 to a first preset range;

[0174] S103: Exports cell ink to the first guide end and adheres to the first guide end;

[0175] S105: Drive the first thruster assembly 40 to move so that the cell ink contacts the surface of the receiving carrier;

[0176] S107: Drive the first propulsion assembly 40 away from the surface of the receiving carrier so that the cell ink adhering to the first liquid guide end detaches from the first liquid guide end and dissolves into the surface of the receiving carrier.

[0177] Specifically, regarding adjusting the temperature of the cell ink within the first propeller assembly 40 to within the first preset range, the first temperature control assembly 50 includes a water-cooled generator connected to the first propeller assembly 40 via a liquid-cooled pipe. The water-cooled generator produces coolant, which flows into the first propeller assembly 40 through the liquid-cooled pipe, thereby adjusting the temperature of the cell ink within the first propeller assembly 40 to the first preset range. The first preset range can be set according to cell type and experimental requirements, for example, from 4 degrees Celsius to 8 degrees Celsius. By precisely controlling the operating parameters of the water-cooled generator, such as coolant flow rate and temperature, the stability and accuracy of the cell ink temperature can be ensured. This helps maintain cell viability and improve culture results.

[0178] Regarding the export of the cellular ink to and adhesion to the first liquid guide end, the first propulsion assembly 40 includes a linear pump, with the first liquid guide end connected to the linear pump. When the linear pump operates, it forces the cellular ink from the first liquid guide end using pressure. Due to the viscosity of the cellular ink, it adheres to the surface of the first liquid guide end as it flows out. The operating parameters of the linear pump, such as pressure and flow rate, can be precisely adjusted by a controller to ensure that the export volume and rate of the cellular ink meet experimental requirements. This facilitates precise control and uniform distribution of the cellular ink.

[0179] Regarding the movement of the first propeller assembly 40 to bring the cell ink into contact with the surface of the receiving carrier, a first drive assembly 70 is connected to the first propeller assembly 40. The first drive assembly 70 includes a motor and a transmission mechanism. The motor drives the transmission mechanism to move the first propeller assembly 40 along a first preset path. First, the first drive assembly 70 moves the first propeller assembly 40 towards the surface of the receiving carrier until the first liquid guide end contacts the surface of the receiving carrier. By precisely controlling the speed and stroke of the motor, the movement trajectory and speed of the first propeller assembly 40 can be ensured to meet experimental requirements. This helps to achieve rapid contact between the cell ink and the surface of the receiving carrier, improving culture efficiency.

[0180] Regarding driving the first propeller assembly 40 away from the surface of the receiving carrier, so that the cell ink adhering to the first liquid guide end detaches from the first liquid guide end and dissolves into the surface of the receiving carrier, the first drive assembly 70 continues to drive the first propeller assembly 40 along a first preset path, moving it away from the surface of the receiving carrier. When the first propeller assembly 40 moves away from the surface of the receiving carrier, due to the surface tension and viscosity of the cell ink, the cell ink will gradually detach from the first liquid guide end and dissolve into the surface of the receiving carrier. This design ensures that the detachment process of the cell ink is smooth and complete, avoiding cell ink residue. Therefore, the extrusion-type organoid 3D printer of this application has higher precision.

[0181] Regarding the extrusion-type organoid 3D printer used in this organoid printing method, referring to Figures 1 to 11, and specifically to Figures 1 to 3, the device mainly consists of a housing assembly 10, a second thruster assembly 20, a printing stage unit 30, and a first thruster assembly 40.

[0182] The shell assembly 10 of the extrusion-type organoid 3D printer of this application, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, includes a filter fan 101, a high-efficiency filter 102, a microscope display screen 103, an outer door panel 104, a rear support of the cabinet 105, a machine support unit 106, load-bearing feet 107, and a lower support of the cabinet 108.

[0183] The filter fan 101 in this application's extrusion-type organoid 3D printer features a special FFU structure, a guided airflow duct, and a uniform airflow system design. This reduces turbulence, eliminates noise, guides airflow evenly through the filter, and allows for controllable airflow speed. Combined with a high-efficiency filter, it achieves a sterile environment throughout the entire internal structure for a short period. The microscope display screen 103 connects to the microscope via cable, allowing real-time transmission of captured video images to the screen. The outer door panel 104 consists of two panels, left and right, made of semi-transparent black acrylic material, providing a semi-transparent effect for the machine's internal structure. The rear support 105 provides structural support and features regularly spaced ventilation holes for heat dissipation. Support units 106 are designed with central cutouts to reduce machine weight and support components, ensuring stable operation. Load-bearing feet 107 are located at the four corners of the machine, allowing for slight height adjustment of the operating platform. The lower cabinet support 108 connects to the rear cabinet support 105, and the cabinet features symmetrically distributed ventilation holes for heat dissipation.

[0184] The second thruster assembly 20 in the bioreactor of this application, as shown in Figure 9, includes a vertical precision lead screw motor 201, a motor slider 202, a hydraulic block 203, a liquid injection pump 204, a liquid injection enclosure 205, a liquid injection device holder 206, a microscope 207, and a microscope stage 208. The vertical precision lead screw motor 201 provides precise transmission power for the up-and-down movement of the liquid injection assembly. Transmission methods include, but are not limited to, belts, chains, and gears. The motor slider 202 is tightly fitted with the vertical precision lead screw motor 201; the forward and reverse rotation of the lead screw motor enables the slider to slide up and down. One end of the hydraulic block 203 is connected to the liquid injection pump, and the other end is connected to the liquid injection power unit. When it is in close contact with the liquid injection pump 204, the downward movement of the hydraulic block 203 causes the liquid material to be extruded from the injection needle. The liquid injection pump 204 consists of a liquid injection push rod, a liquid injection pump housing, and an injection needle, and has good sealing performance. The size of the liquid injection pump 204 can be adjusted according to the liquid injection volume. The liquid injection enclosure 205 serves as a fixing unit for the liquid injection pump 204, providing support. The liquid injection device holder 206 serves as a fixing plate for the second pusher assembly 20, and is mounted on the back of the fixing plate, housing another set of power units for pressing the liquid injection block 203.

[0185] The microscope 207 in the extrusion-type organoid 3D printer of this application can observe the sample application and liquid addition in real time and provide real-time feedback to the system control unit. For individual wells that have not been sampled, additional sample can be applied. The microscope slide 208 can slide up and down and then be fixed, so as to adjust the imaging area of ​​the microscope 207.

[0186] The first propeller assembly 40 in the bioreactor of this application, as shown in Figure 9, includes a vertical precision lead screw motor 401, a motor slider 402, a sample dispensing block 403, a sample dispensing injection pump 404, a sample dispensing enclosure 405, a sample dispensing circulating water cooling generator 406, a temperature probe b 407, and a sample dispensing device holder 408. The vertical precision lead screw motor 401 provides precision transmission and power for the up-and-down movement of the sample dispensing assembly. Transmission methods include, but are not limited to, belts, chains, and gears. The motor slider 402 is tightly fitted with the vertical precision lead screw motor 401; the forward and reverse rotation of the lead screw motor enables the slider to slide up and down. The sample dispensing block 403 is connected at one end to the sample dispensing injection pump and at the other end to the sample dispensing power unit. When tightly fitted with the sample dispensing injection pump, the downward movement of the sample dispensing block 403 causes the sample material to be extruded from the injection needle. The dispensing injection pump 404 consists of a dispensing push rod, a dispensing pump housing, and an injection needle, and has good sealing properties. The size of the dispensing injection pump can be adjusted according to the dispensing volume. The dispensing encapsulation shell 405 serves as the fixing unit for the dispensing injection pump 404, providing support and transferring temperature. The other end of the dispensing circulating water cooling generator 406 is connected to a water pump, which removes excess heat through water circulation. The temperature probe 407 can detect the temperature of the dispensing area in real time. When the predetermined temperature range is reached, the temperature control module will stop working; otherwise, if the temperature is outside the predetermined range, the temperature control module will start working. The normal temperature setting is around 4 to 8 degrees Celsius. The dispensing device holder 408 serves as the fixing plate for the first pusher assembly 40, and it houses the power unit of another set of dispensing pressure blocks 403, located on the back of the fixing plate.

[0187] The printing stage unit 30 in the printing platform device of this application, referring to Figures 10 and 11, includes a perforated plate holder 301, a perforated plate mounting platform 302, a temperature probe 303, a circulating water cooler 304, and a semiconductor temperature controller 305. The perforated plate holder 301 can hold perforated plates 90 of different sizes and numbers of holes, fixing their position in place each time through surrounding fixing holes. The perforated plate mounting platform 302 holds the perforated plate holder 301 on top and connects to the temperature control module below. Its material has good thermal conductivity, allowing it to transmit the temperature from the temperature controller to the perforated plates 90 in a timely manner. The temperature probe 303 can detect the temperature of the perforated plate mounting platform 302 in real time. When the predetermined temperature range is reached, the temperature control module stops working; otherwise, if the temperature is outside the predetermined range, the temperature control module starts working. The normal temperature setting is around 37 degrees Celsius. The other end of the circulating water cooler 304 is connected to a water pump, which removes excess heat through water circulation. The semiconductor temperature controller 305 has a cooling function on one end and a heating function on the other. The heating surface can be attached to the perforated plate mounting platform 302 to transfer temperature.

[0188] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of the patent application. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the inventive concept of this application and the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A print head apparatus, characterized by, include: The first propulsion assembly has a first liquid guide end for discharging cellular ink; A first temperature control component, connected to the first thruster component, is used to adjust the temperature of the cell ink exported by the first thruster component to a first preset range; A first drive component is connected to the first thruster component and is used to drive the first thruster component to move along a first preset path; The first driving component is configured to first move the first propeller component toward the surface of the receiving carrier until the cell ink at the first liquid outlet adheres to the surface of the receiving carrier, and then move the first propeller component away from the surface of the receiving carrier until the cell ink detaches from the first liquid outlet.

2. The print head apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The printhead device includes an orifice plate with multiple receiving slots for receiving the cell ink.

3. The print head arrangement of claim 2, wherein, The plurality of receiving slots are evenly distributed at intervals on the perforated plate.

4. The print head apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The printhead device further includes a second thruster assembly and a second drive assembly. The second thruster assembly has a second liquid guide end for discharging culture medium. The second drive assembly is connected to the second thruster assembly and drives the second thruster assembly to move along a second preset path to inject the culture medium into the receiving tank.

5. The print head arrangement of claim 4, wherein, The first drive component is configured to drive the first thruster component to move along a first direction, and the first drive component is configured to drive the first thruster component to move along a vertical direction; The second drive component is configured to drive the second thruster component to move along a first direction, and the second drive component is configured to drive the second thruster component to move along a vertical direction; The perforated plate is configured to move along a second direction, wherein the first vertical direction, the first direction, and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

6. The print head apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The second propulsion assembly includes a flow divider plate having multiple flow dividers, each of which is configured as the second liquid guiding end, and each of the multiple flow dividers corresponds to a multiple receiving tank.

7. The printing head apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The printhead device includes a second temperature control component connected to the perforated plate to adjust the solution in the receiving tank to a second preset range.

8. The printing head device according to claim 7, wherein The second temperature control component includes a temperature probe for detecting the temperature of the solution in the container, so that the second temperature control component adjusts the temperature of the solution in the container to the second first preset range.

9. The printing head apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The printhead assembly includes a visual monitoring device for monitoring the state of the surface of the receiving carrier within the receiving slot.

10. The printing head apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The first temperature control component includes a water-cooled generator connected to a liquid-cooled pipe, which is adapted to carry coolant to adjust the temperature of the first thruster component to the first preset range.

11. The printing head device according to claim 1, wherein The first propulsion assembly includes a linear pump, the first liquid guide end being connected to the linear pump, the linear pump operating to cause the cellular ink to flow out from the first liquid guide end.

12. The print head apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first drive component is connected to at least two first thruster components, and the first drive component is configured to drive each first thruster component to move along the first preset path.

13. An extrusion organoid 3D printer, characterized by, include: The printhead device according to any one of claims 1-12; A housing assembly having an inner chamber for accommodating the printhead assembly, the housing assembly sealing the printhead assembly.

14. The extrusion organoid 3D printer of claim 13, wherein, The housing assembly includes a filter fan, which includes a filter screen and a flow guide duct. The filter screen and the flow guide duct are adapted to connect the inner chamber to the external environment in order to provide a sterile environment for the inner chamber.

15. The extrusion organoid 3D printer of claim 13, wherein, The housing assembly includes a support unit for supporting the printhead assembly, and the support unit is configured as a hollow structure.

16. A communication module for the extrusion-based organoid 3D printer of claim 13, wherein, The communication module includes a Bluetooth control system, which is configured to control at least the first temperature control component and the second temperature control component.

17. A method of printing organoids for use in the extrusion-based organoid 3D printer of claim 13, wherein, The method includes: Adjust the temperature of the cell ink within the first propulsion assembly to be within the first preset range; The cell ink is exported to the first liquid guide end and adheres to the first liquid guide end; Drive the first propulsion assembly to move it so that the cell ink contacts the surface of the receiving carrier; The first propulsion assembly is driven away from the surface of the receiving carrier so that the cell ink adhering to the first liquid guide end detaches from the first liquid guide end and dissolves into the surface of the receiving carrier.

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