Energy storage device, energy storage system and charging network

Abstract

Provided in the present application are an energy storage device (1000), an energy storage system (2000) and a charging network (3000). The energy storage device (1000) comprises a battery device (100) and a thermal management module (200), wherein a liquid cooling piping (220) and a multi-stage parallel pipe (230) of the thermal management module (200) are connected in series; a liquid cooling unit (210) is in communication with a heat exchange structure (110) on the battery device (100) by means of the liquid cooling piping (220) and the multi-stage parallel pipe (230); and a liquid inlet pipe section (231) of the multi-stage parallel pipe (230) is in communication with the liquid cooling unit (210) or the liquid cooling piping (220), and a liquid outlet pipe section (232) of the multi-stage parallel pipe (230) is in communication with the heat exchange structure (110) or the liquid cooling piping (220). In the energy storage device (1000) provided in the embodiments of the present application, using the multi-stage parallel pipe (230) to replace part of the liquid cooling piping (220) can effectively reduce the overall flow resistance between the liquid cooling unit (210) and the heat exchange structure (110).

Description

Energy storage devices, energy storage systems and charging networks

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411615068.0, filed on November 12, 2024, entitled “Energy Storage Device, Energy Storage System and Charging Network”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular provides an energy storage device, an energy storage system, and a charging network. Background Technology

[0003] New energy batteries are being used more and more widely in daily life and industry. For example, new energy vehicles equipped with batteries are already widely used. In addition, batteries are being used more and more in the field of energy storage.

[0004] Energy storage devices serve as supplementary and backup systems for the power grid. The batteries within these devices generate significant heat during high-power operation. Therefore, energy storage devices place high demands on the flow characteristics of the cooling medium in their thermal management modules, as these characteristics greatly influence battery lifespan. However, increasing the flow rate is limited by the overall pressure resistance of the thermal management module's piping. Exceeding certain pressure limits can lead to pipe rupture; furthermore, excessive flow resistance can result in excessive energy consumption.

[0005] Application content

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide an energy storage device, an energy storage system, and a charging network, aiming to solve the problem in the related art where the thermal management module of the energy storage device has large pipeline flow resistance, which affects the flow rate of the cooling medium in the pipeline.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this application is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage device, including a battery device and a thermal management module. The battery device is provided with a heat exchange structure. The thermal management module includes a liquid cooling unit, a liquid cooling pipeline, and a multi-stage parallel pipe. The liquid cooling pipeline and the multi-stage parallel pipe are connected in series. The liquid cooling unit is connected to the heat exchange structure through the liquid cooling pipeline and the multi-stage parallel pipe. The multi-stage parallel pipe includes an inlet pipe section, an outlet pipe section, and multiple branch pipes connected in parallel between the inlet pipe section and the outlet pipe section. The inlet pipe section is connected to the liquid cooling unit or the liquid cooling pipeline, and the outlet pipe section is connected to the heat exchange structure or the liquid cooling pipeline.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are as follows: The energy storage device provided in the embodiments of this application allows the liquid cooling unit to introduce cooling medium into the heat exchange structure through series-connected liquid cooling pipelines and multi-stage parallel pipes. This allows the cooling medium to exchange heat within the heat exchange structure to dissipate heat from the battery device. Specifically, the cooling medium is conducted by connecting the multi-stage parallel pipes in series with the liquid cooling pipelines, effectively replacing part of the liquid cooling pipelines. The multi-stage parallel pipes, by connecting multiple branch pipes in parallel between the inlet and outlet pipe sections, allow the cooling medium to be distributed among these branch pipes, forming multiple flow channels. This effectively reduces the flow resistance between the inlet and outlet pipe sections. Therefore, compared to liquid cooling pipelines, the multi-stage parallel pipes have lower flow resistance, and replacing part of the liquid cooling pipelines with multi-stage parallel pipes effectively reduces the overall flow resistance between the liquid cooling unit and the heat exchange structure.

[0010] In some embodiments, multiple battery devices are stacked to form at least one battery assembly; the liquid cooling pipeline includes a first pipeline, a second pipeline, and a third pipeline, one end of the first pipeline is connected to a liquid cooling unit, one end of the second pipeline is connected to the first pipeline, the other end of the second pipeline extends toward the battery assembly, one end of the third pipeline is connected to the second pipeline, and the other end of the third pipeline is connected to a heat exchange structure within the corresponding battery assembly; wherein, multiple parallel pipes are connected in series on the first pipeline; and / or, multiple parallel pipes are connected in series on the second pipeline; and / or, multiple parallel pipes are connected in series on the third pipeline.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, a first pipeline is used to connect the liquid cooling unit and to directly conduct the cooling medium with the cooling unit. A second pipeline is used to transmit the cooling medium towards the battery assembly. A third pipeline is used to conduct the cooling medium to the heat exchange structure in the corresponding battery assembly to achieve heat exchange. The multi-stage parallel pipeline can be used on the first pipeline and / or the second pipeline and / or the third pipeline, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the first pipeline and / or the second pipeline and / or the third pipeline.

[0012] In some embodiments, multiple parallel pipes are connected in series on the second pipeline, with the inlet pipe section connected to the first or second pipeline and the outlet pipe section connected to the second or third pipeline.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting multiple parallel pipes in series on the second pipeline, the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the second pipeline is relatively large, and the layout space of the second pipeline is relatively sufficient, thereby reducing the assembly difficulty of the multiple parallel pipes, and the multiple parallel pipes have a better effect on reducing the flow resistance of the second pipeline.

[0014] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a housing, in which a plurality of battery modules are disposed; in the height direction of the housing, a first pipeline is located below the battery modules and extends along the arrangement direction of the battery modules, and a second pipeline is evenly distributed around the periphery of each battery module, the second pipeline extending along the height direction of the housing and communicating with the first pipeline; wherein, a multi-stage parallel pipeline is connected in series on the second pipeline, and the multi-stage parallel pipeline is located below the battery modules.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, since there is sufficient space inside the box below the battery pack, multiple parallel pipes are connected in series in the part of the second pipe located below the battery pack. The assembly space for the multiple parallel pipes is more sufficient, and the multiple parallel pipes can contain more parallel branch pipes.

[0016] In some embodiments, there are multiple multi-stage parallel pipes, which are connected in series on the liquid cooling pipeline.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, which uses multiple multi-stage parallel pipes connected in series on the liquid cooling pipeline, when one of them fails, only the multi-stage parallel pipe where the failure occurs needs to be replaced, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0018] In some embodiments, in the flow direction of the cooling medium, the outlet pipe section of the previous multi-stage parallel pipe in at least two adjacent multi-stage parallel pipes is connected to the inlet pipe section of the next multi-stage parallel pipe.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the proportion of multi-stage parallel pipes replacing liquid cooling pipes can be effectively increased by connecting multiple parallel pipes end to end, thereby further reducing the overall flow resistance between the liquid cooling unit and the heat exchange structure.

[0020] In some embodiments, in at least one multi-stage parallel pipe system, all branch pipes have the same length.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the lengths of each branch pipe in a multi-stage parallel pipe are the same, so the flow distribution effect of each branch pipe is also roughly the same, the flow of the liquid cooling medium is more uniform, and the friction loss and local resistance of the liquid cooling medium are effectively dispersed, thereby further improving the flow efficiency of the liquid cooling medium in the multi-stage parallel pipe and further reducing the flow resistance of the multi-stage parallel pipe.

[0022] In some embodiments, in any multi-stage conduit, the number of branch lines is two, three, or four.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the effect of reducing flow resistance in multi-stage parallel pipes is more obvious when the number of parallel branch pipes is two, three or four.

[0024] In some embodiments, in at least one multi-stage parallel pipe, the inner diameter of at least one branch pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the inlet pipe section or the outlet pipe section.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the flow resistance of the branch pipe is further reduced by increasing the inner diameter of the branch pipe, thereby achieving a reduction in the overall flow resistance of the multi-stage parallel pipe.

[0026] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the branch pipe is a flexible pipe section.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the stability of multi-stage parallel pipes is improved by utilizing the displacement compensation, vibration reduction and thermal expansion absorption of flexible pipe sections.

[0028] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an energy storage system, including a power conversion device and an energy storage device as described above, wherein the power conversion device is used to electrically connect the power generation device and the energy storage device.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are as follows: The energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application includes the above-mentioned energy storage device. On the basis of the better cooling effect of the above-mentioned energy storage device, the cooling effect of the energy storage system is also better.

[0030] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a charging network, including a charging pile and an energy storage device or energy storage system as described above, wherein the energy storage device is used to provide electrical energy to the charging pile.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are as follows: The charging network provided in the embodiments of this application includes the energy storage device or the energy storage system described above. Therefore, the charging network has a better cooling effect. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the thermal management module of the energy storage device provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the first type of multi-stage parallel pipe structure provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 3 is an internal cross-sectional view of the outlet pipe section and inlet pipe section of the first type of multi-stage parallel pipe provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the second type of multi-stage parallel pipe structure provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 5 is an internal cross-sectional view of the outlet pipe section and inlet pipe section of the second type of multi-stage parallel pipe provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the third type of multi-stage parallel pipe structure provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 7 is an internal cross-sectional view of the outlet pipe section and inlet pipe section of the third type of multi-stage parallel pipe provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the charging network provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] The reference numerals in the figures are as follows: 1000, Energy storage device; 2000, Energy storage system; 2100, Power conversion device; 2200, Power generation device; 3000, Charging network; 3100, Charging pile; 3110, Connector; 100, Battery device; 110, Heat exchange structure; 101, Battery module; 200, Thermal management module; 210, Liquid cooling unit; 220, Liquid cooling pipeline; 221, First pipeline; 222, Second pipeline; 223, Third pipeline; 230, Multi-stage parallel pipeline; 231, Liquid inlet section; 232, Liquid outlet section; 233, Branch pipeline; 2331, Flexible pipeline section; 2311, Main body of liquid inlet pipe; 2312, Liquid inlet end; 2313, Liquid supply end; 2321, Main body of liquid outlet pipe; 2322, Liquid outlet end; 2323, Liquid guide end; 300, box; H, height direction; D, length direction. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0044] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0045] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0046] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] New energy batteries are being used more and more widely in daily life and industry. For example, new energy vehicles equipped with batteries are already widely used. In addition, batteries are being used more and more in the field of energy storage.

[0048] Energy storage devices serve as supplementary and backup systems for the power grid. The batteries within these devices generate significant heat during high-power operation. Therefore, energy storage devices place high demands on the flow characteristics of the cooling medium in their thermal management modules, as these characteristics greatly influence battery lifespan. However, increasing the flow rate is limited by the overall pressure resistance of the thermal management module's piping. Exceeding certain pressure limits can lead to pipe rupture; furthermore, excessive flow resistance can result in excessive energy consumption.

[0049] Based on the above considerations, to address the issue of high flow resistance in the thermal management module of an energy storage device affecting the flow rate of the cooling medium within the pipeline, an energy storage device was designed. The liquid cooler unit in the thermal management module of the energy storage device is connected to the heat exchange structure of the battery device via series-connected liquid cooling pipelines and multi-stage parallel pipes. This means that multi-stage parallel pipes replace a portion of the liquid cooling pipelines. These multi-stage parallel pipes include multiple branch pipes connected in parallel between the inlet and outlet pipe sections. The parallel connection of these branch pipes allows for the diversion of the cooling medium and the formation of multiple flow channels, thereby reducing flow resistance. Therefore, replacing part of the liquid cooling pipelines with multi-stage parallel pipes effectively reduces the overall flow resistance between the liquid cooler unit and the heat exchange structure, minimizing the impact on the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium between them, resulting in superior cooling performance of the thermal management module.

[0050] The energy storage devices disclosed in this application can be used, but are not limited to, in fixed or mobile energy stations, such as energy storage containers, energy storage distribution cabinets, energy storage power stations, and battery swapping stations.

[0051] The energy storage device provided in the embodiments of this application will now be described.

[0052] Referring to Figure 1, this embodiment of the application provides an energy storage device 1000, including one or more battery modules 101 to increase the voltage and capacity of the energy storage device 1000. The battery module 101 may include multiple battery devices 100, which are connected in series via a busbar to increase the voltage of the energy storage device 1000. When the energy storage device 1000 includes multiple battery modules 101, the multiple battery modules 101 are connected in parallel to increase the capacity of the energy storage device 1000.

[0053] The battery device 100 may include one or more battery cell assemblies for providing voltage and capacity. A battery cell assembly may include multiple battery cells, which are connected in series, parallel, or mixed connections via a busbar.

[0054] In some embodiments, a battery cell assembly is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0055] As an example, a battery cell assembly can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells together to form an independent module. As another example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells together with cable ties.

[0056] In some embodiments, the battery device 100 may be a battery pack, which includes a housing and one or more battery cell assemblies housed within the housing.

[0057] As an example, the battery cell assembly can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.

[0058] As an example, battery cell assemblies can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple battery cells to the housing.

[0059] In this embodiment of the application, the battery cell can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after the battery cell has been discharged.

[0060] The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0061] The energy storage device 1000 can be used in energy storage power stations, wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems, etc. The energy storage device 1000 can store electrical energy as needed and output it when appropriate. For example, the energy storage device 1000 can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or electrical equipment during peak hours. The energy storage system provided in this application embodiment can be any power system that requires the energy storage device 1000.

[0062] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 1000 is an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0063] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 1000 may include a cabinet and one or more battery clusters, the battery clusters being housed within the cabinet.

[0064] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 1000 may include modules such as a thermal management module, a main control module, a central control module, a power distribution module, and a fire protection module.

[0065] As an example, the thermal management module may include a liquid cooling unit that supplies coolant to each battery device 100 via piping for regulating the temperature of the individual battery cells.

[0066] As an example, the main control module can serve as the battery management unit for the battery cluster, used to monitor and manage the battery cluster. The main control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, or temperature of the battery cluster. For instance, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the battery cluster. The main control module includes modules such as an auxiliary battery management unit (SBMU) and a fusion switch.

[0067] As an example, the central control module can serve as the battery management unit of the energy storage device 1000, used for monitoring and managing the energy storage device 1000. The central control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, state of charge, or temperature of the energy storage device 1000. For example, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the energy storage device 1000. As an example, the central control module includes modules such as an insulation monitoring module (IMM), a master battery management unit (MBMU), an Ethernet (ETH) module, and a fiber optic conversion module.

[0068] As an example, the fire protection module includes a control panel, detectors, alarm devices, etc., used to detect, alarm, or extinguish fires in the energy storage system.

[0069] As an example, the power distribution module can be used to distribute power to the modules in the energy storage device 1000 that require electricity.

[0070] Referring to Figures 1 to 3, in some embodiments, this application provides an energy storage device 1000, including a battery device 100 and a thermal management module 200. The battery device 100 is provided with a heat exchange structure 110. The thermal management module 200 includes a liquid cooling unit 210, a liquid cooling pipeline 220, and a multi-stage parallel pipe 230. The liquid cooling pipeline 220 and the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 are connected in series. The liquid cooling unit 210 is connected to the heat exchange structure 110 through the liquid cooling pipeline 220 and the multi-stage parallel pipe 230. The multi-stage parallel pipe 230 includes an inlet pipe section 231, an outlet pipe section 232, and multiple branch pipes 233 connected in parallel between the inlet pipe section 231 and the outlet pipe section 232. The inlet pipe section 231 is connected to the liquid cooling unit 210 or the liquid cooling pipeline 220, and the outlet pipe section 232 is connected to the heat exchange structure 110 or the liquid cooling pipeline 220.

[0071] The thermal management module 200 is used to circulate and provide cooling medium. The thermal management module 200 includes a liquid chiller 210, liquid cooling pipelines 220, and multi-stage parallel pipes 230; wherein, the liquid chiller 210 is used to perform refrigeration operation on the cooling medium. Exemplarily, the liquid chiller 210 includes, but is not limited to, a condenser, a compressor, a plate heat exchanger, etc., and uses the condenser, compressor, and plate heat exchanger to achieve circulatory refrigeration of the cooling medium.

[0072] The battery device 100 is provided with a heat exchange structure 110. Optionally, the heat exchange structure 110 may be, but is not limited to, a heat exchange plate, a heat exchange tube, or a flow channel integrated into the wall panel of the battery device 100. The liquid cooling unit 210 can provide cooling medium to the heat exchange structure 110 through the liquid cooling pipes 220 and the multi-stage parallel pipes 230, so that the cooling medium absorbs the heat generated by the battery device 100 in the heat exchange structure 110 to achieve the purpose of cooling.

[0073] The liquid cooling pipe 220 is used to supply the flow of cooling medium; optionally, the liquid cooling pipe 220 can be made of insulating material (such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, etc.) or metal material (such as stainless steel pipe, aluminum pipe, copper pipe, alloy pipe, etc.).

[0074] The multi-stage parallel pipe 230 includes an inlet pipe section 231, an outlet pipe section 232, and branch pipes 233. Multiple branch pipes 233 are connected in parallel between the inlet pipe section 231 and the outlet pipe section 232 to allow multiple branch pipes 233 to share the inlet pipe section 231 for liquid intake and the outlet pipe section 232 for liquid output. The number of branch pipes 233 can be any number of two, three, four, or more. It should be understood that in this embodiment, the inner diameter of the branch pipe 233 should not be less than the inner diameter of the liquid-cooled pipe 220; exemplarily, this embodiment is described using the example where the inner diameter of the branch pipe 233 is equal to the inner diameter of the liquid-cooled pipe 220.

[0075] The inlet pipe section 231 is used to introduce the cooling medium and guide it into the connected branch pipe 233. Optionally, the inlet pipe section 231 can be connected to the liquid cooling unit 210, that is, the cooling medium discharged from the liquid cooling unit 210 can be directly introduced into the inlet pipe section 231; or, the inlet pipe section 231 can be connected to the liquid cooling pipeline 220, and the liquid cooling unit 210 is connected to the liquid cooling pipeline 220, so that the cooling medium discharged from the liquid cooling unit 210 can be introduced into the liquid cooling pipeline 220, and then introduced into the inlet pipe section 231 from the liquid cooling pipeline 220.

[0076] For example, in some embodiments, the liquid inlet pipe section 231 includes a liquid inlet pipe body 2311 and a liquid inlet end 2312 and a liquid supply end 2313 disposed on the liquid inlet pipe body 2311. The liquid inlet end 2312 is used to connect to the liquid cooling unit 210 or the liquid cooling pipeline 220, and the liquid supply end 2313 is used to connect to the branch pipeline 233. It should be understood that the number of liquid supply ends 2313 should be consistent with the number of branch pipelines 233, and each branch pipeline 233 can be connected to the corresponding liquid supply end 2313 by welding, socketing, plugging or other means; as shown in Figure 3.

[0077] The outlet pipe section 232 is used to discharge the cooling medium and guide it into the connected liquid cooling pipeline 220 or heat exchange structure 110. Optionally, the outlet pipe section 232 can be connected to the heat exchange structure 110, that is, the cooling medium flows in the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 and can be directly introduced into the heat exchange structure 110 to achieve heat exchange and cooling; or, the outlet pipe section 232 can be connected to the liquid cooling pipeline 220, and the liquid cooling unit 210 is connected to the heat exchange structure 110, so that the cooling medium can be conducted from the liquid cooling pipeline 220 to the heat exchange structure 110.

[0078] For example, in some embodiments, the liquid outlet pipe section 232 includes a liquid outlet pipe body 2321 and a liquid outlet end 2322 and a liquid guide end 2323 disposed on the liquid outlet pipe body 2321. The liquid outlet end 2322 is used to connect to the heat exchange structure 110 or the liquid cooling pipe 220, and the liquid guide end 2323 is used to connect to the branch pipe 233. It should be understood that the number of liquid guide ends 2323 should be consistent with the number of branch pipes 233, and each branch pipe 233 can be connected to the corresponding liquid guide end 2323 by welding, sleeve, plugging or other means; as shown in Figure 3.

[0079] It should be understood that when the cooling medium flows through the multi-stage parallel pipe 230, the cooling medium is diverted from the inlet pipe section 231 to multiple branch pipes 233 and forms multiple flow channels. That is, the flow rate of the cooling medium is distributed to different flow channels. This means that the flow velocity of the fluid in each flow channel is relatively low, thereby reducing frictional losses in the flow and achieving the purpose of reducing flow resistance.

[0080] The energy storage device 1000 provided in this application embodiment has a liquid cooling unit 210 that can introduce cooling medium into the heat exchange structure 110 through a series-connected liquid cooling pipeline 220 and a multi-stage parallel pipe 230. This allows the cooling medium to exchange heat within the heat exchange structure 110 to dissipate heat from the battery device 100. The cooling medium is conducted by connecting the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 in series with the liquid cooling pipeline 220; that is, the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 replaces part of the liquid cooling pipeline 220. The multi-stage parallel pipe 230, through the liquid inlet... The structure of multiple branch pipes 233 connected in parallel between pipe section 231 and liquid outlet pipe section 232 allows the cooling medium to be diverted in the multiple parallel branch pipes 233 to form multiple flow channels, thereby effectively reducing the flow resistance between liquid inlet pipe section 231 and liquid outlet pipe section 232. Therefore, compared with liquid cooling pipe 220, the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 has lower flow resistance. Using multi-stage parallel pipe 230 to replace part of liquid cooling pipe 220 can effectively reduce the overall flow resistance between liquid cooling unit 210 and heat exchange structure 110.

[0081] Referring to Figures 1, 2, 4, and 6, in some embodiments, multiple battery devices 100 are stacked to form at least one battery assembly 101; the liquid cooling pipeline 220 includes a first pipeline 221, a second pipeline 222, and a third pipeline 223. One end of the first pipeline 221 is connected to the liquid cooling unit 210, one end of the second pipeline 222 is connected to the first pipeline 221, and the other end of the second pipeline 222 extends toward the battery assembly 101. One end of the third pipeline 223 is connected to the second pipeline 222, and the other end of the third pipeline 223 is connected to the heat exchange structure 110 within the corresponding battery assembly 101; wherein, multiple parallel pipes 230 are connected in series on the first pipeline 221; and / or, multiple parallel pipes 230 are connected in series on the second pipeline 222; and / or, multiple parallel pipes 230 are connected in series on the third pipeline 223.

[0082] The liquid cooling pipeline 220 includes a first pipeline 221, a second pipeline 222 and a third pipeline 223; wherein, the first pipeline 221 refers to the main pipeline directly connected to the liquid cooling unit 210, and the first pipeline 221 is used to extract the cooling medium from the liquid cooling unit 210.

[0083] The second conduit 222 is used to distribute the cooling medium from the first conduit 221 to the periphery of each battery assembly 101; the number of second conduits 222 can be one or more, and in some embodiments, the number of second conduits 222 is the same as the number of battery assemblies 101. It should be understood that the inner diameter of the second conduit 222 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first conduit 221, but the second conduit 222 still has sufficient inner diameter to allow the cooling medium to flow at a large flow rate.

[0084] The third conduit 223 is used to distribute the cooling medium from the second conduit 222 to each battery device 100 within the corresponding battery assembly 101; the number of third conduits 223 is the same as the number of battery devices 100 in a battery assembly 101. It should be understood that the inner diameter of the third conduit 223 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second conduit 222, and the third conduit 223 is capable of specifically distributing the cooling medium in the second conduit 222 to the heat exchange structure 110 of the corresponding battery device 100.

[0085] In this embodiment, multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the first pipe 221. That is, the liquid inlet section 231 of the multiple parallel pipes 230 can be directly connected to the liquid cooling unit 210 or connected to the first pipe 221, and the liquid outlet section 232 of the multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected to the first pipe 221 or the second pipe 222. One or more multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the first pipe 221.

[0086] Alternatively, multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the second pipe 222. That is, the inlet section 231 of the multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected to the first pipe 221 or the second pipe 222, and the outlet section 232 of the multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected to the second pipe 222 or the third pipe 223. One or more multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the second pipe 222.

[0087] Alternatively, multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the third pipe 223. That is, the liquid inlet section 231 of the multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected to the second pipe 222 or the third pipe 223, and the liquid outlet section 232 of the multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected to the third pipe 223 or the heat exchange structure 110. One or more multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the third pipe 223.

[0088] Alternatively, multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the first pipe 221 and the second pipe 222 simultaneously; or, multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the second pipe 222 and the third pipe 223 simultaneously; or, multiple parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the first pipe 221, the second pipe 222 and the third pipe 223.

[0089] With this configuration, the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be used on the first pipe 221 and / or the second pipe 222 and / or the third pipe 223, thereby reducing the overall flow resistance between the liquid cooler unit 210 and the heat exchange structure 110.

[0090] Referring to Figures 1, 2, 4 and 6, in some embodiments, multi-stage parallel pipes 230 are connected in series on the second pipe 222, the liquid inlet pipe section 231 is connected to the first pipe 221 or the second pipe 222, and the liquid outlet pipe section 232 is connected to the second pipe 222 or the third pipe 223.

[0091] In this embodiment, the multi-stage parallel pipes 230 are connected in series on the second pipe 222. The multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series at any point on the second pipe 222. For example, the multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series at one end near the first pipe 221, or at one end near the third pipe 223, or in the middle section of the second pipe 222, etc.

[0092] It should be understood that the second conduit 222 is used to divert the cooling medium from the first conduit 221 so that the cooling medium flows to each battery assembly 101; therefore, the flow rate in the second conduit 222 is relatively large. With this configuration, by connecting multiple parallel pipes 230 in series on the second conduit 222 and replacing part of the second conduit 222 with multiple parallel pipes 230, the overall flow resistance between the first conduit 221 and the third conduit 223 can be effectively reduced.

[0093] Referring to Figures 1, 2, 4, and 6, in some embodiments, the energy storage device 1000 further includes a housing 300, within which multiple battery modules 101 are disposed. Along the height direction H of the housing 300, a first pipe 221 is located below the battery modules 101 and extends along the arrangement direction of the battery modules 101. Second pipes 222 are evenly distributed around the periphery of each battery module 101, extending along the height direction H of the housing 300 and connecting to the first pipe 221. Multiple parallel pipes 230 are connected in series on the second pipes 222, and are located below the battery modules 101.

[0094] The housing 300 is used to house the battery modules 101. Optionally, the interior of the housing 300 can be constructed using partitions, mounting beams, supports, or other structures to form a storage compartment for accommodating the battery modules 101. Furthermore, when there are multiple battery modules 101 (e.g., two, three, four, or more), the multiple battery modules 101 can be arranged sequentially along any direction of the housing 300. For example, taking the energy storage device 1000 as an energy storage container, four battery modules 101 can be arranged along the length direction D inside the housing 300 of the energy storage container. Each battery module 101 includes multiple battery devices 100, and the multiple battery devices 100 can be stacked along the height direction H of the housing 300.

[0095] Understandably, when multiple battery modules 101 are distributed along the length direction D of the housing 300, the first pipe 221 extends along the length direction D of the housing 300 so that the first pipe 221 can be laid under each battery module 101.

[0096] The second pipe 222 extends along the height direction H of the housing 300 and is arranged around the battery assembly 101. For example, when there are four battery assemblies 101 in the housing 300, the second pipe 222 is evenly arranged around the four battery assemblies 101, and the second pipe 222 extends along the height direction H of the housing 300 and connects to the first pipe 221. In this way, the third pipe 223 connected to the second pipe 222 can be routed more conveniently and connected to the heat exchange structure 110 in the corresponding battery assembly 101.

[0097] It should be understood that there is a large space below the battery assembly 101 within the housing 300; therefore, the use of a larger multi-stage parallel pipe 230 to replace the second pipe 222 below the battery assembly 101 has a lower impact on the internal space layout of the housing 300, and the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can adopt a scheme of connecting more branch pipes 233 in parallel to effectively reduce the overall flow resistance.

[0098] Specifically, the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 is connected in series to the portion of the second pipe 222 located below the battery assembly 101; the liquid inlet section 231 of the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be connected to either the first pipe 221 or the second pipe 222, and the liquid outlet section 232 of the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 is connected to the second pipe 222. The number of multi-stage parallel pipes 230 connected in series on the second pipe 222 can be any number of one, two, or more.

[0099] With this configuration, the assembly and maintenance of the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 is more convenient, and the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can adopt a scheme of connecting more branch pipes 233 in parallel to further improve the overall flow resistance.

[0100] Please refer to Figures 1, 2, 4 and 6. In some embodiments, there are multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230, which are connected in series on the liquid cooling pipeline 220.

[0101] The number of multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be two, three, four or more.

[0102] Multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230 are connected in series on the liquid cooling pipeline 220; optionally, multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the first pipeline 221; or, multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the second pipeline 222; or, multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected in series on the third pipeline 223; or, at least one multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be connected in series on both the first pipeline 221 and the second pipeline 222; or, at least one multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be connected in series on both the second pipeline 222 and the third pipeline 223; or, at least one multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be connected in series on the first pipeline 221, the second pipeline 222, and the third pipeline 223.

[0103] The adjacent multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected by liquid cooling pipes 220; for example, within the range of the first pipe 221, the adjacent multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected by the first pipe 221; or, within the range of the second pipe 222, the adjacent multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected by the second pipe 222.

[0104] Alternatively, adjacent multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be directly connected. For example, the inlet pipe section 231 of one of the multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected to the outlet pipe section 232 of the other multi-stage parallel pipe 230.

[0105] With this configuration, multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230 are connected in series on the liquid cooling pipeline 220. When one of them fails, only the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 at the location of the failure needs to be replaced, thereby saving materials and reducing maintenance costs.

[0106] Referring to Figures 1, 2, 4 and 6, in some embodiments, in the flow direction of the cooling medium, the outlet pipe section 232 of the previous multi-stage parallel pipe 230 is connected to the inlet pipe section 231 of the next multi-stage parallel pipe 230.

[0107] Understandably, the previous multistage parallel pipe 230 in at least two adjacent multistage parallel pipes 230 refers to a multistage parallel pipe 230 that is adjacent and located upstream in the direction of flow of the cooling medium, and the next multistage parallel pipe 230 in at least two adjacent multistage parallel pipes 230 refers to a multistage parallel pipe 230 that is adjacent and located downstream in the direction of flow of the cooling medium.

[0108] The flow direction of the cooling medium can be shown by the arrows around the first pipe 221, the second pipe 222 and the third pipe 223 in Figure 1.

[0109] Optionally, the outlet pipe section 232 of the previous multi-stage parallel pipe 230 and the inlet pipe section 231 of the next multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be directly connected by a connector, or they can be connected by welding or other methods to form a conductive connection.

[0110] The cooling medium flows through the previous multi-stage parallel pipe 230 along the flow direction and is discharged from the outlet pipe section 232 of the previous multi-stage parallel pipe 230. Thus, the discharged cooling medium can be introduced into the next multi-stage parallel pipe 230 from the inlet pipe section 231 of the next multi-stage parallel pipe 230.

[0111] For example, when there are multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230, the multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be connected in sequence, that is, between adjacent multi-stage parallel pipes 230, the liquid outlet pipe section 232 of the previous multi-stage parallel pipe 230 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe section 231 of the next multi-stage parallel pipe 230; thereby forming a scheme in which multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230 are connected in series and used to replace the liquid cooling pipe 220.

[0112] This configuration, by connecting multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230 end to end, can effectively increase the proportion of multi-stage parallel pipes 230 replacing liquid cooling pipes 220, thereby further reducing the overall flow resistance between the liquid cooling unit 210 and the heat exchange structure 110.

[0113] Referring to Figures 1 to 3, in some embodiments, in at least one multi-stage parallel pipe 230, the lengths of each branch pipe 233 are the same.

[0114] The length of the branch pipe 233 refers to the specific length of the branch pipe 233 between the end of the inlet pipe section 231 connecting to the end of the branch pipe 233 and the end of the outlet pipe section 232 connecting to the branch pipe 233 in a multi-stage parallel pipe 230.

[0115] For example, when the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 includes two parallel branch pipes 233, the length of one branch pipe 233 is the length between the end of the branch pipe 233 connected to the inlet pipe section 231 and the end of the branch pipe 233 connected to the outlet pipe section 232; similarly, the length of the other branch pipe 233 is the length between the end of the branch pipe 233 connected to the inlet pipe section 231 and the end of the branch pipe 233 connected to the outlet pipe section 232. As shown in Figure 3, L in the figure represents the length of the corresponding branch pipe 233.

[0116] Optionally, in a plurality of multi-stage parallel pipes 230, the length of each branch pipe 233 of one or more multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can be set to be the same; or, the length of each branch pipe 233 of a plurality of multi-stage parallel pipes 230 can all be set to be the same.

[0117] With this configuration, when the lengths of each branch pipe 233 in the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 are the same, the flow distribution effect of each branch pipe 233 is also roughly the same, the flow of the liquid cooling medium is more uniform, and the friction loss and local resistance of the liquid cooling medium are effectively dispersed, thereby further improving the flow efficiency of the liquid cooling medium in the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 and further reducing the flow resistance of the multi-stage parallel pipe 230.

[0118] Referring to Figures 2 to 7, in some embodiments, in any one of the multi-stage parallel pipes 230, the number of branch pipes 233 is two, three, or four.

[0119] In some embodiments, the number of branch pipes 233 in the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be two. One end of the two branch pipes 233 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe section 231, and the other end of the two branch pipes 233 is connected to the liquid outlet pipe section 232. The cooling medium introduced by the liquid inlet pipe section 231 can be diverted from the two branch pipes 233.

[0120] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the number of branch pipes 233 in the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be three, with one end of each branch pipe 233 connected to the inlet pipe section 231 and the other end of each branch pipe 233 connected to the outlet pipe section 232; the cooling medium introduced by the inlet pipe section 231 can be diverted from the three branch pipes 233.

[0121] Alternatively, in other embodiments, the number of branch pipes 233 in the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be four, with one end of each branch pipe 233 connected to the inlet pipe section 231 and the other end of each branch pipe 233 connected to the outlet pipe section 232; the cooling medium introduced by the inlet pipe section 231 can be diverted from the four branch pipes 233.

[0122] Optionally, when multiple multi-stage parallel pipes 230 are connected in series on the liquid cooling pipe 220, the number of branch pipes 233 in each multi-stage parallel pipe 230 can be the same or different.

[0123] It should be understood that when the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 includes multiple parallel branch pipes 233, the more parallel branch pipes 233 there are, the larger the total flow cross-sectional area becomes. This means that more cooling medium can be accommodated without increasing the flow velocity, thereby reducing the overall flow resistance. However, due to the limitations of the inlet pipe section 231 and the outlet pipe section 232, setting too many parallel branch pipes 233 may also reach a saturation point. That is, adding more parallel branch pipes 233 will no longer significantly improve the flow conditions, but will instead increase the complexity of the piping and increase costs.

[0124] With this configuration, when two, three, or four parallel branch pipes 233 are set in the multi-stage parallel pipe 230, the overall flow resistance is significantly reduced without significantly increasing the cost; therefore, the scheme of using two, three, or four parallel branch pipes 233 in the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 has a better overall effect.

[0125] Referring to Figures 2 to 7, in some embodiments, in at least one multi-stage parallel pipe 230, the inner diameter of at least one branch pipe 233 is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet pipe section 231 or the outlet pipe section 232.

[0126] It should be understood that, under a constant flow velocity, the larger the inner diameter of branch pipe 233, the larger the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling medium, thus effectively reducing the flow resistance per unit volume of cooling medium.

[0127] Optionally, in the same multi-stage parallel pipe 230, the inner diameter of one or more parallel branch pipes 233 is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet pipe section 231 or the outlet pipe section 232, or the inner diameter of all parallel branch pipes 233 is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet pipe section 231 or the outlet pipe section 232.

[0128] Wherein, the inner diameter of the branch pipe 233 is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet pipe section 231 or the outlet pipe section 232, it means that the inner diameter of at least a part of the branch pipe 233 is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet pipe section 231 or the outlet pipe section 232.

[0129] This configuration further reduces the flow resistance of branch pipe 233 by increasing its inner diameter, thereby reducing the overall flow resistance of the multi-stage parallel pipe 230.

[0130] Referring to Figures 2 to 7, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the branch pipe 233 is a flexible pipe segment 2331.

[0131] Optionally, the flexible pipe section 2331 includes, but is not limited to, corrugated pipes, flexible hoses, and other pipes with good flexibility. For example, taking a corrugated pipe as the flexible pipe section 2331, the branch pipe 233 can be entirely made of a corrugated pipe structure, or the branch pipe 233 can be composed of corrugated pipes and stainless steel pipes connected together; the corrugated pipe can be used to achieve displacement compensation between the branch pipe 233 connected to the inlet pipe section 231 and the outlet pipe section 232.

[0132] This configuration utilizes the flexible pipe section 2331 to compensate for displacement, damping, and absorb thermal expansion in the multi-stage parallel pipe 230, thereby improving the stability and ease of installation of the multi-stage parallel pipe 230.

[0133] The energy storage device 1000 provided in this application will now be further described according to specific embodiments.

[0134] Referring to Figures 1 to 7, in this embodiment, the energy storage device 1000 can be an energy storage container, which includes a container body 300, battery modules 101, and a thermal management module 200. The battery modules 101 are housed within the container body 300, and multiple battery modules 101 are arranged sequentially along the length direction D of the container body 300. Each battery module 101 includes multiple battery devices 100 stacked along the height direction H of the container body 300, and these battery devices 100 are connected in series. A heat exchange structure 110 is provided on each battery device 100.

[0135] The thermal management module 200 includes a liquid chiller 210, a liquid cooling pipeline 220, and a multi-stage parallel pipe 230. The liquid cooling pipeline 220 and the multi-stage parallel pipe 230 are connected in series. The liquid chiller 210 is connected to the heat exchange structure 110 through the liquid cooling pipeline 220 and the multi-stage parallel pipe 230. The multi-stage parallel pipe 230 includes an inlet pipe section 231, an outlet pipe section 232, and two, three, or four branch pipes 233 connected in parallel between the inlet pipe section 231 and the outlet pipe section 232.

[0136] The liquid cooling pipeline 220 includes a first pipeline 221, a second pipeline 222, and a third pipeline 223. One end of the first pipeline 221 is connected to the liquid cooling unit 210. The first pipeline 221 is located below the battery assembly 101 and extends along the arrangement direction of the battery assembly 101. The second pipeline 222 is evenly distributed around the periphery of each battery assembly 101. The second pipeline 222 extends along the height direction H of the housing 300 and connects to the first pipeline 221. One end of the third pipeline 223 is connected to the second pipeline 222, and the other end of the third pipeline 223 is connected to the heat exchange structure 110 inside the corresponding battery assembly 101. There can be multiple multi-stage parallel pipelines 230, which are connected in series on the second pipeline 222 and located below the battery assembly 101.

[0137] Referring to Figures 1 and 8, in a second aspect, embodiments of this application also provide an energy storage system 2000, including a power conversion device 2100 and an energy storage device 1000 as described above, wherein the power conversion device 2100 is used to electrically connect the power generation device 2200 and the energy storage device 1000.

[0138] In some embodiments, the energy storage system 2000 may include one or more energy storage devices 1000 and a power conversion device 2100, wherein the power conversion device 2100 is connected between the power generation device 2200 and the energy storage device 1000. The power generation device 2200 generates electrical energy, which can be stored in the energy storage device 1000 via the power conversion device 2100. As an example, the power generation device 2200 may specifically be a solar panel, a hydroelectric power generation device, a thermal power generation device, a wind power generation device, etc. The specific type of the power generation device 2200 is not limited in this application.

[0139] The energy storage system 2000 provided in this application embodiment includes the aforementioned energy storage device 1000. Based on the superior cooling effect of the aforementioned energy storage device 1000, the energy storage system 2000 also has a superior cooling effect.

[0140] Referring to Figures 1, 8, and 9, in a third aspect, embodiments of this application also provide a charging network 3000, including a charging pile 3100 and an energy storage device 1000 or an energy storage system 2000 as described above, wherein the energy storage device 1000 is used to provide electrical energy to the charging pile 3100.

[0141] This application provides a charging network 3000, including a charging pile 3100 and an energy storage device 1000. The charging pile 3100 is electrically connected to the energy storage device 1000, which provides electrical energy to the charging pile 3100. The charging pile 3100 is electrically connected to a battery device 100 in the energy storage device 1000 via a cable, and the battery device 100 can provide its stored electrical energy to the charging pile 3100. The charging pile 3100 has one or more connectors 3110 for connecting to an electrical device (such as a vehicle), thereby providing power to the electrical device.

[0142] The energy storage device 1000 can be located inside the charging pile 3100 (e.g., an integrated energy storage and charging unit) or outside the charging pile 3100.

[0143] The charging network 3000 provided in this application embodiment includes the energy storage device 1000 or the energy storage system 2000 as described above. Therefore, the charging network 3000 has a better cooling effect.

[0144] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized by: include A battery device, wherein a heat exchange structure is provided on the battery device; and A thermal management module, comprising a liquid-cooled chiller, liquid-cooled piping, and multi-stage parallel pipes, wherein the liquid-cooled piping and the multi-stage parallel pipes are connected in series, and the liquid-cooled chiller is connected to the heat exchange structure through the liquid-cooled piping and the multi-stage parallel pipes; The multi-stage parallel pipe includes an inlet pipe section, an outlet pipe section, and multiple branch pipes arranged in parallel between the inlet pipe section and the outlet pipe section. The inlet pipe section is connected to the liquid cooling unit or the liquid cooling pipeline, and the outlet pipe section is connected to the heat exchange structure or the liquid cooling pipeline.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: Multiple battery devices are stacked to form at least one battery assembly; The liquid cooling pipeline includes a first pipeline, a second pipeline, and a third pipeline. One end of the first pipeline is connected to the liquid cooling unit. One end of the second pipeline is connected to the first pipeline, and the other end of the second pipeline extends toward the battery assembly. One end of the third pipeline is connected to the second pipeline, and the other end of the third pipeline is connected to the heat exchange structure corresponding to the battery assembly. Wherein, the multi-stage parallel pipes are connected in series on the first pipeline; and / or, the multi-stage parallel pipes are connected in series on the second pipeline; and / or, the multi-stage parallel pipes are connected in series on the third pipeline.

3. The energy storage device of claim 2, wherein: The multi-stage parallel pipes are connected in series on the second pipeline, the liquid inlet pipe section is connected to the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the liquid outlet pipe section is connected to the second pipeline or the third pipeline.

4. The energy storage device of claim 3, wherein: The energy storage device also includes a housing, in which a plurality of battery modules are disposed; in the height direction of the housing, the first pipeline is located below the battery modules and extends along the arrangement direction of the battery modules, and the second pipeline is evenly distributed around the periphery of each battery module, the second pipeline extending along the height direction of the housing and communicating with the first pipeline. The multi-stage parallel pipes are connected in series on the second pipeline, and the multi-stage parallel pipes are located below the battery assembly.

5. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The number of multi-stage parallel pipes is multiple, and multiple multi-stage parallel pipes are connected in series on the liquid cooling pipeline.

6. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein: In the direction of cooling medium flow, the outlet pipe section of the previous multi-stage parallel pipe in at least two adjacent multi-stage parallel pipes is connected to the inlet pipe section of the next multi-stage parallel pipe.

7. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: In at least one of the multi-stage parallel pipes, the lengths of each of the branch pipes are the same.

8. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: In any of the aforementioned multi-stage parallel pipes, the number of branch pipes is two, three, or four.

9. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: In at least one of the multi-stage parallel pipes, the inner diameter of at least one of the branch pipes is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet pipe section or the outlet pipe section.

10. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: At least a portion of the branch pipeline is a flexible pipe section.

11. An energy storage system characterized by: It includes a power conversion device and an energy storage device as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the power conversion device is used to electrically connect the power generation device and the energy storage device.

12. A charging network characterized by: It includes a charging pile and an energy storage device as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 or an energy storage system as described in claim 11, wherein the energy storage device is used to provide electrical energy to the charging pile.

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