A structure of synchronization signal block for ntn

Abstract

According to the present disclosure, a method for performing, by a first device 100, may be proposed. The method may comprise: receiving, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals; obtaining a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on a first identifier, a second identifier, and a third identifier; and performing wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

Description

A STRUCTURE OF SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNAL BLOCK FOR NTN

[0001] This disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to long term evolution (LTE) and is a new clean-slate mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, high availability, etc. 5G NR may utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz, etc.

[0003] A 6G (wireless communication) system has purposes such as (i) very high data rate per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) decrease in energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capacity, etc. The vision of the 6G system may include four aspects such as intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system may satisfy the requirements shown in Table 1 below. That is, Table 1 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0004] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100bps / HzMobility supportUp to 1000km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method which may be performed by a first device may be proposed. For example, the method may comprise: receiving, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, and wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier; obtaining a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; and performing wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be proposed. For example, the first device may comprise: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, and wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier; obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; and perform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device adapted to control a first device may be proposed. For example, the processing device may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, and wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier; obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; and perform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be proposed. For example, the instructions, based on being executed, may cause a first device to: receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, and wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier; obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; and perform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method which may be performed by a second device may be proposed. For example, the method may comprise: generating two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals based on a cell identifier related to a first cell; generating a synchronization signal block including the two primary synchronization signals and the two secondary synchronization signals; transmitting, to a first device in the first cell, the synchronization signal block; and performing wireless communication with the first device based on the cell identifier, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained by the first device based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be proposed. For example, the second device may comprise: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: generate two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals based on a cell identifier related to a first cell; generate a synchronization signal block including the two primary synchronization signals and the two secondary synchronization signals; transmit, to a first device in the first cell, the synchronization signal block; and perform wireless communication with the first device based on the cell identifier, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained by the first device based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1.

[0011] FIG. 1 shows a communication structure providable in a 6G system, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 shows an electromagnetic spectrum, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 shows an example of an NTN typical scenario based on a transparent payload, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 shows an example of an NTN typical scenario based on a regenerative payload, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 shows a structure of a slot of a frame, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 shows an example of a BWP, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 shows a cell structure for NTN based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 shows a comparison of SSB structures between DL (left) and SL (right) based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 shows a proposed NTN SSB structure based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 shows demodulation stats for baseline DL / SL SSBs and proposed NTN SSB design for AWGN channel, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 shows demodulation stats for baseline DL / SL SSBs and proposed NTN SSB design for NTN-TDLA channel, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 shows a structure of a synchronization signal block, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 shows a rule for determining a cell identifier (cell ID) based on a combination of multiple IDs, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 shows a procedure of a method which may be performed by a first device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 shows a procedure of a method which may be performed by a second device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 16 shows a communication system 1, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 shows wireless devices, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 19 shows another example of a wireless device, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 20 shows a hand-held device, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". In other words, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0032] A slash ( / ) or comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C".

[0033] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In addition, in the present disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0034] In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0035] In addition, a parenthesis used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", it may mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of the "control information". In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of the "control information". In addition, when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", it may also mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of the "control information".

[0036] In the following description, 'when, if, or in case of' may be replaced with 'based on'.

[0037] A technical feature described individually in one figure in the present disclosure may be individually implemented, or may be simultaneously implemented.

[0038] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter which is configured, pre-configured or pre-defined for a UE. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the UE. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted through radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0039] In the present disclosure, "configure / configured or define / defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured for a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, downlink control information (DCI), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "configure / configured or define / defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured for a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, sidelink control information (SCI), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "configure / configured or define / defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured for a device.

[0040] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0041] The technology described below may be used in various wireless communication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and so on. The CDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. The TDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as global system for mobile communications (GSM) / general packet ratio service (GPRS) / enhanced data rate for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), long term evolution (LTE), 5G NR, and so on.

[0042] The technology proposed in the present disclosure may be implemented as 6G wireless technology and may be applied to various 6G systems. For example, the 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0043] FIG. 1 shows a communication structure providable in a 6G system, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0044] In 6G, new network characteristics may be as follows.

[0045] - Satellites integrated network

[0046] - Connected intelligence: Unlike the wireless communication systems of previous generations, 6G is innovative and wireless evolution may be updated from "connected things" to "connected intelligence". AI may be applied in each step (or each signal processing procedure which will be described below) of a communication procedure.

[0047] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0048] - Ubiquitous super 3-dimension connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low earth orbit satellites will establish super 3D connection in 6G ubiquitous.

[0049] In the new network characteristics of 6G, several general requirements may be as follows.

[0050] - Small cell networks

[0051] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0052] - High-capacity backhaul

[0053] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the functions of the 6G wireless communication system. Accordingly, the radar system will be integrated with the 6G network.

[0054] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0055] Core implementation technology of 6G system is described below.

[0056] - Artificial Intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced to communication, real-time data transmission may be simplified and improved. AI may determine a method of performing complicated target tasks using countless analysis. That is, AI may increase efficiency and reduce processing delay. Operation consuming time such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling immediately performed by using AI. AI may also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine. In addition, AI may be a prompt communication in brain computer interface (BCI). An AI based communication system may be supported by metamaterial, intelligence structure, intelligence network, intelligence device, intelligence cognitive radio, self-maintaining wireless network, and machine learning.

[0057] - Terahertz (THz) communication: A data rate may increase by increasing bandwidth. This may be performed by using sub-TH communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves which are known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally indicates a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength in a range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. A band range of 100 GHz to 300 GHz (sub THz band) is regarded as a main part of the THz band for cellular communication. When the sub-THz band is added to the mmWave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity increases. 300 GHz to 3 THz of the defined THz band is in a far infrared (IR) frequency band. A band of 300 GHz to 3 THz is a part of an optical band but is at the border of the optical band and is just behind an RF band. Accordingly, the band of 300 GHz to 3 THz has similarity with RF.

[0058] FIG. 2 shows an electromagnetic spectrum, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0059] The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) bandwidth widely available to support a very high data rate and (ii) high path loss occurring at a high frequency (a high directional antenna is indispensable). A narrow beam width generated in the high directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of a THz signal allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with a device and BS operating in this band. Therefore, an advanced adaptive arrangement technology capable of overcoming a range limitation may be used.

[0060] - Massive MIMO technology (large-scale MIMO)

[0061] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0062] - Optical wireless technology

[0063] - Free space optical (FSO) backhaul network

[0064] - Quantum communication

[0065] - Cell-free communication

[0066] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0067] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0068] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0069] - Big data analysis

[0070] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0071] - Metaverse

[0072] - Block-chain

[0073] - Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): An UAV or a drone will be an important factor in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, a high-speed data wireless connection may be provided using UAV technology. A base station (BS) entity may be installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. The UAV may have certain features, which are not found in fixed BS infrastructures, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and mobility-controlled degrees of freedom. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. The UAV can easily handle this situation. The UAV will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. The UAV can also serve a number of purposes, such as network connectivity improvement, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0074] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): An AAM is a superordinate concept of urban air mobility (UAM), which is air transportation that can be used in an urban area, and may refer to a means of transportation that includes movement between the urban area and a regional hub.

[0075] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): Vehicle to everything (V2X) that is a core element for establishing an autonomous driving infrastructure may be a technology that vehicle communicates and shares with various elements in road for autonomous driving such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), and so on. To maximize a performance of autonomous driving and to secure high safety, high transmission speed and low latency technology have to be needed. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving may need to go beyond delivering warnings or guidance messages to drivers and actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, since the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may be enormous, autonomous driving is expected to be maximized in 6G being higher transmission speed and lower latency than 5G.

[0076] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or a network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources aboard a satellite (or an unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform).

[0077] FIG. 3 shows an example of an NTN typical scenario based on a transparent payload, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 shows an example of an NTN typical scenario based on a regenerative payload, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 3, a satellite (or an UAS platform) may establish a service link with a UE. The satellite (or the UAS platform) may be connected with a gateway through a feeder link. The satellite may be connected with a data network through the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where signals transmitted by the satellite can be received. Referring to FIG. 4, a satellite (or an UAS platform) may establish a service link with a UE. The satellite (or the UAS platform) connected with the UE may be connected with another satellite (or another UAS platform) through an inter-satellite link (ISL). Another satellite (or another UAS platform) may be connected with a gateway through a feeder link. Based on the regenerative payload, the satellite may be connected with a data network through the gateway and another satellite. If the ISL does not exist between the satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. FIGs. 3 and 4 are only examples of NTN scenarios, and the NTN can be implemented based on various types of scenarios. For example, the satellite (or the UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with on board processing) payload. For example, the satellite (or the UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a specified service area based on the field of view of the satellite (or the UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or the UAS platform) may vary depending on an on-board antenna diagram and a minimum elevation angle. For example, the transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be changed. For example, the regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, the regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or the UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0079] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler to acquire information about characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment, that uses radio frequency to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of objects, etc.

[0080] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS may be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, RIS may be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on the surface, each of which may actively control the phase, the amplitude, the polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, RIS may improve signal reception by controlling the path, the phase, and / or the intensity of the propagated signal. For example, in the case of RIS, power consumption may be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and the amplitude of the small antennas. For example, since RIS may be reconfigured to suit various environments, it may meet various communication requirements and may operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0081] Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network may be classified into a first layer (layer 1, L1), a second layer (layer 2, L2), and a third layer (layer 3, L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communication system. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service by using a physical channel, and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layer serves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network. For this, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS.

[0082] The physical layer provides an upper layer with an information transfer service through a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer which is an upper layer of the physical layer through a transport channel. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. The transport channel is classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a radio interface.

[0083] Between different physical layers, i.e., a physical layer of a transmitter and a physical layer of a receiver, data are transferred through the physical channel. The physical channel is modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and utilizes time and frequency as a radio resource.

[0084] The MAC layer provides services to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is a higher layer of the MAC layer, via a logical channel. The MAC layer provides a function of mapping multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides a function of logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transfer services over logical channels.

[0085] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of Radio Link Control Service Data Unit (RLC SDU). In order to ensure diverse quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operation modes, i.e., a transparent mode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM), and an acknowledged mode (AM). An AM RLC provides error correction through an automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0086] A radio resource control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer serves to control the logical channel, the transport channel, and the physical channel in association with configuration, reconfiguration and release of RBs. The RB is a logical path provided by the first layer (i.e., the physical layer or the PHY layer) and the second layer (i.e., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer) for data delivery between the UE and the network.

[0087] Functions of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer in the user plane include user data delivery, header compression, and ciphering. Functions of a PDCP layer in the control plane include control-plane data delivery and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0088] A service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in a user plane. The SDAP layer performs mapping between a Quality of Service (QoS) flow and a data radio bearer (DRB) and QoS flow ID (QFI) marking in both DL and UL packets.

[0089] The configuration of the RB implies a process for specifying a radio protocol layer and channel properties to provide a particular service and for determining respective detailed parameters and operations. The RB can be classified into two types, i.e., a signaling RB (SRB) and a data RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a path for transmitting an RRC message in the control plane. The DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0090] When an RRC connection is established between an RRC layer of the UE and an RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in an RRC_CONNECTED state, and, otherwise, the UE may be in an RRC_IDLE state. In case of the NR, an RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a UE being in the RRC_INACTIVE state may maintain its connection with a core network whereas its connection with the BS is released.

[0091] Data is transmitted from the network to the UE through a downlink transport channel. Examples of the downlink transport channel include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and a downlink-shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Traffic of downlink multicast or broadcast services or the control messages can be transmitted on the downlink-SCH or an additional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Data is transmitted from the UE to the network through an uplink transport channel. Examples of the uplink transport channel include a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink SCH for transmitting user traffic or control messages.

[0092] Examples of logical channels belonging to a higher channel of the transport channel and mapped onto the transport channels include a broadcast channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicast traffic channel (MTCH), etc.

[0093] A radio frame may be used for performing uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10ms and may be defined to be configured of two half-frames (HFs). A half-frame may include five 1ms subframes (SFs). A subframe (SF) may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined based on subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0094] In case of using a normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols. In case of using an extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. Herein, a symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and a Single Carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).

[0095] Table 2 shown below represents an example of a number of symbols per slot (Nslotsymb), a number slots per frame (Nframe,uslot), and a number of slots per subframe (Nsubframe,uslot) based on an SCS configuration (u), in a case where a normal CP or an extended CP is used.

[0096] CP typeSCS (15*2u)NslotsymbNframe,uslotNsubframe,uslotnormal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0097] FIG. 5 shows a structure of a slot of a frame, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 5, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in a time domain. A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (Physical) Resource Blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and the BWP may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on). A carrier may include a maximum of N number BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication may be performed via an activated BWP. Each element may be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) within a resource grid and one complex symbol may be mapped to each element.

[0099] A bandwidth part (BWP) may be a set of consecutive physical resource blocks (PRBs) in a given numerology. The PRB may be selected from consecutive sub-sets of common resource blocks (CRBs) for the given numerology on a given carrier

[0100] FIG. 6 shows an example of a BWP, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted. It is assumed in the embodiment of FIG. 6 that the number of BWPs is 3.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 6, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other end thereof. In addition, the PRB may be a resource block numbered within each BWP. A point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0102] The BWP may be configured by a point A, an offset NstartBWPfrom the point A, and a bandwidth NsizeBWP. For example, the point A may be an external reference point of a PRB of a carrier in which a subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by a network on that carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset may be a PRB interval between a lowest subcarrier and the point A in a given numerology. For example, the bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in the given numerology.

[0103] The communication system evolution, from the LTE to the 5G NR and further towards 6G is aimed not only in the increasing of the throughput and extending set of services, it is also striving to deliver ubiquitous service coverage. An ultimate solution to this may be using satellite communications, which can be used even in distant regions without cellular network. 6G non-terrestrial networks (NTN) is the direction towards developing such solutions on the base of the current 5G / 6G architecture.

[0104] Typical ground LTE / 5G deployments are based on the cells structures, and typical ground base station (e.g., eNB, gNB, etc.) have three-sector coverage forming three cells. At the same time, single satellite can cover large areas with a single beam of the highly-directional antennas, and increase the coverage even further by exploiting multiple beams and forming multiple cells.

[0105] FIG. 7 shows a cell structure for NTN based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0106] Moreover, at each position for ground deployments can be affected only by the limited number of stations, due to 2-dimensional flat placement of the stations. For NTN, a significantly larger number of satellite station can be seen from any given point, counting the possibility of different directions, different orbit heights and even multiple different satellite groups on the same orbit.

[0107] That leads to the drastic increase of the stations that can be simultaneously seen from the given position and need to be somehow distinguished and identified. For the 4G LTE / 5G NR baseline, each cell / sector has unique Physical Cell ID (PCI) which is a physical layer cell identifier used to indicate the physical identity of a cell during the cell selection procedure.

[0108] In the present disclosure, proposed are the way of increasing the number of possible encoded Cell IDs based on the modifications in the current 5G NR specification, and device(s) supporting the same.

[0109] For the 4G LTE / 5G NR baseline, each cell / sector has unique Physical Cell ID (PCI) which is a physical layer cell identifier used to indicate the physical identity of a cell during the cell selection procedure.

[0110] In the 5G NR the value of PCI (also denoted as Cell ID) is encoded in Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) which is periodically transmitted for the cell discovery.

[0111] SSB consists of two parts, the Primary Synchronization Sequence (PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Sequence (SSS), each encoding different parts of the final Cell ID is described below.

[0112] For example, for physical-layer cell identities for synchronization signals, there may be 1008 unique physical-layer cell identities.

[0113] It may be given by .

[0114] For example, and .

[0115] In the 5G NR downlink (DL), PSS can be one of the three different pseudo-random M-sequences and thus, encode 3 different values . Secondary sequence, SSS is used to encode 336 values . The final value is obtained based on the equation below.

[0116] DL: .

[0117] For example, the final may encode 3*336 = 1008 different IDs.

[0118] For the 5G NR sidelink (SL) reflecting the peer-to-peer operations between same-level stations in the vicinity, the number of possible PSS states was reduced and so the total number of the different cell IDs is equal 2*336 = 672, while final ID calculated using slightly different expression.

[0119] SL:

[0120] Moreover, DL and SL SSB structures are different, DL have only one instance for PSS and SSS sequences, while SL have each sequence repeated for more robust reception and simplified CFO estimation processing.

[0121] FIG. 8 shows a comparison of SSB structures between DL (left) and SL (right) based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0122] As we concluded earlier, for the NTN applications we may need to increase the number of possible IDs. Potentially this can be done by increasing the number of the different PSS sequences for directly increase of the total number of IDs by 36 with each increase. However, this may negatively affect initial detection, since each additional possible PSS sequence will require additional correlator's chain and will lead do degradation of detection statistics due to increased signal uncertainty. Also, this will increase number of possible cell IDs only by 336 which may be not enough.

[0123] In the present disclosure, proposed is a novel SSB structure for NTN, resembling SL SSB with one important difference: two symbols of Secondary synchronization sequence (SSS) are now different and encoding different values. New cell ID is now calculated as the equation below.

[0124] NTN:

[0125] For three different PSSs (DL) this will give 336*336*3 = 338688 possible values.

[0126] For two different PSSs (SL) this will give 336*336*2 = 225792 possible values.

[0127] Having already increased number of possible values, the case of having the same PSS sequence for all NTN transmissions may be considered. In this embodiment, ID may be calculated by simplified formula, and the total number of possible IDs will be equal to =112896, which is 100 times larger than original number in 5G NR.

[0128] NTN:

[0129] FIG. 9 shows a proposed NTN SSB structure based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0130] One may consider that increasing the number of possible IDs to determine may lead to the degradation of the right detection stats and decreasing the reliability of initial acquisitions. We have simulated full Cell ID determination flow, including the initial detection using the PSS, and demodulation of the PSS and SSS sequenced to find the values in the AWGN channel under various noise conditions.

[0131] Obtained was compared to the original to find the probability of error for different SNR values. It can be seen that proposed NTN SSB structure allows reliable Cell ID determination for the SNRs above -6 dB, and the relative degradation comparing to the original DL SSB design is about 0.3-0.4 dB, which is not significant price for a x100 times increase of the Cell ID pool.

[0132] FIG. 10 shows demodulation stats for baseline DL / SL SSBs and proposed NTN SSB design for AWGN channel, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0133] To evaluate the performance of the proposed configurations, PSS / SSS demodulation and Cell ID assessment were performed for the realistic worst case of NLOS propagation (TDL-A channel model) with the residual frequency offset [-5kHz +5kHz] and Doppler spread corresponding to 120 km / h speed. The resulting demodulation performance is shown in FIG. 11. It can be seen that even in this case total degradation is no larger than 0.7 dB.

[0134] FIG. 11 shows demodulation stats for baseline DL / SL SSBs and proposed NTN SSB design for NTN-TDLA channel, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0135] For example, which SSB structure is used for NTN communication may be configured or pre-configured to the UE (from the network). For example, it may be configured or pre-configured to the UE (from the network) whether the DL SSB structure (as shown in FIG. 8) is used for NTN communication, the SL SSB structure (as shown in FIG. 8) is used for NTN communication, or the proposed SSB structure (as shown in FIG. 9) is used for NTN communication. For example, which SSB structure is used for NTN communication may be configured or pre-configured to the UE (from the network) per carrier / band and / or per satellite beam and / or per UE's geolocation.

[0136] For example, which cell ID formula (e.g. formula (3) or formula (4)) is used for NTN communication and / or the number of different PSSs (e.g. 2 or 3) may be configured or pre-configured to the UE (from the network). For example, which cell ID formula (e.g. formula (3) or formula (4)) is used for NTN communication and / or the number of different PSSs (e.g. 2 or 3) may be configured or pre-configured to the UE (from the network) per carrier / band and / or per satellite beam and / or per UE's geolocation.

[0137] For example, the design of the initial synchronization sequences (PSS, SSS) for the non-terrestrial 6G deployments based on the SL SSB, with the difference that first SSS and second SSS symbol should encode different ID values instead of same. For example, the final Cell ID for NTN is obtained on the base of following expression , where is encoded within first SSS symbol, encoded in second SSS symbol and is encoded in PSS symbols. For example, the PSS may encode 3 different values (0, 1, 2), or may encode 2 different values (0,1), or, be the same sequence corresponding to only one value.

[0138] Proposed NTN SSB structure allows clear differentiation between baseline 5G NR DL signal, 5G NR Sidelink signal and future NTN signal at the detection stage. Proposed NTN SSB structure allows indexing up to x100 - x300 increase of the Cell ID pool dependent on the embodiments. This will allow coexistence of the number of satellite base stations (e.g., satellite gNBs), including large satellite groups on the same orbit or satellites on the different orbits.

[0139] Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device adapted to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may comprise: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to perform operations comprising: receiving, by a first device, a synchronization signal for non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication; and obtaining a cell ID for the NTN communication based on the synchronization signal. For example, the synchronization signal may include at least one of a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel, or the synchronization signal may include at least one of a sidelink primary synchronization signal, a sidelink secondary synchronization signal, a physical sidelink broadcast channel.

[0140] Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device adapted to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to perform operations comprising: receiving, by a first device, a synchronization signal for non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication; and obtaining a cell ID for the NTN communication based on the synchronization signal. For example, the synchronization signal may include at least one of a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel, or the synchronization signal may include at least one of a sidelink primary synchronization signal, a sidelink secondary synchronization signal, a physical sidelink broadcast channel.

[0141] Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to perform operations comprising: receiving, by a first device, a synchronization signal for non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication; and obtaining a cell ID for the NTN communication based on the synchronization signal. For example, the synchronization signal may include at least one of a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel, or the synchronization signal may include at least one of a sidelink primary synchronization signal, a sidelink secondary synchronization signal, a physical sidelink broadcast channel.

[0142] FIG. 12 shows a structure of a synchronization signal block, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0143] Referring to FIG. 12, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals (PSSs) and two secondary synchronization signals (SSSs) is shown. For example, the synchronization signal block is related to a cell ID.

[0144] For example, a device that receives the synchronization signal block may obtain IDs related to the two PSSs and the two SSSs. The IDs may include a first ID (A) related to the two PSSs, a second ID (B) related to the first SSS, and a third ID (C) related to the second SSS. After then, the device may derive the cell ID related to the synchronization signal block with the IDs.

[0145] For example, the cell ID related to the synchronization signal block may be "B

[0146] + 336 * C + 336 * 336 * A". Here, for example, the second ID (B) may be a value in a range from 0 to 335, the third ID (C) may be a value in a range from 0 to 335. The first ID (A) may be 0. Or, the first ID (A) may be 0 or 1. Or, the first ID (A) may be a value in a range from 0 to 2.

[0147] After the cell ID is derived by the device, the device may perform wireless communication with a base station that transmitted the synchronization signal block.

[0148] FIG. 13 shows a rule for determining a cell identifier (cell ID) based on a combination of multiple IDs, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0149] Referring to FIG. 13, the cell identifier (cell ID) may be calculated based on a hierarchical combination of three IDs: a first ID (A), a second ID (B), and a third ID (C). The cell ID may be determined according to the following equation:

[0150] Cell ID = B + 336 * C + 336 * 336 * A.

[0151] In this structure, the second ID (B) increases by 1 until it reaches its maximum value of 335, at which point it is reset to 0 and the third ID (C) is increased by 1. Similarly, when the third ID (C) reaches its maximum value of 335, it is reset to 0 and the first ID (A) is increased by 1.

[0152] Accordingly, the cell ID increases sequentially as B, C, and A increase in a nested manner, allowing for a total of 3 * 336 * 336 distinct cell IDs to be defined. This rule provides a structured and scalable mechanism for assigning cell IDs in a wireless communication system.

[0153] In a wireless communication system, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) may refer to a base station or network that supports wireless communication and exists not on the ground but in the air or in orbit. The non-terrestrial network may include drones, satellites, and the like, and may be classified into a transparent payload network or a regenerative payload network depending on the type of payload.

[0154] In NTN-based communication, a large number of line-of-sight (LOS) links may be available from the perspective of the NTN, resulting in a greater number of cells to be served compared to conventional technologies. Accordingly, there is a need to define a larger number of cell identifiers (Cell IDs).

[0155] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a new synchronization signal block (SSB) structure is provided for synchronization with a non-terrestrial network. The SSB may include two primary synchronization signal (PSS) symbols and two secondary synchronization signal (SSS) symbols. Here, the identifiers associated with the two PSS symbols may be the same, while the identifiers associated with the two SSS symbols may be different. For example, the identifiers mapped to the PSS symbols may be selected from a set such as {0}, {0, 1}, or {0, 1, 2}, and the identifiers mapped to each of the two SSS symbols may be selected from a set such as {0, 1, 2, ..., 335}.

[0156] For example, a cell identifier may be determined as follows:

[0157] Cell ID = SSS-ID(1) + 336 * SSS-ID(2) + 336 * 336 * PSS-ID.

[0158] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of synchronization signal identifiers used in non-terrestrial network communication may be increased, thereby enabling reliable and efficient communication in NTN environments.

[0159] FIG. 14 shows a procedure of a method which may be performed by a first device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0160] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, a first device may receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals. For example, the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, and a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier. In step S1420, the first device may obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier. For example, the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1. In step 1430, the first device may perform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

[0161] For example, the second identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 335.

[0162] For example, the third identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 335.

[0163] For example, the first identifier may be 0.

[0164] For example, the first identifier may be 0 or 1.

[0165] For example, the first identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 2.

[0166] For example, the second device may be a non-terrestrial network base station.

[0167] For example, the wireless communication may include a synchronization operation performed based on the synchronization signal block.

[0168] For example, a sequence of the two primary synchronization signals may be determined based on the first identifier.

[0169] For example, a sequence of the first secondary synchronization signal may be determined based on the second identifier.

[0170] For example, a sequence of the second secondary synchronization signal may be determined based on the third identifier.

[0171] For example, the rule may be applied based on an equation, the equation may be: N_ID_cell = N_ID_(0) + 336 * N_ID_(1) + 336 * 336 * N_ID_(2), the N_ID_cell may be the cell identifier, the N_ID_(0) may be the second identifier, the N_ID_(1) may be the third identifier, and the N_ID_(2) may be the first identifier.

[0172] The embodiments described above may be applied to various devices described below. First, a processor 102 of a first device 100 may control a transceiver 106 to receive, from a second device 200, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals. For example, the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, and a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier. And, the processor 102 of the first device 100 may obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier. For example, the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1. And, the processor 102 of the first device 100 may control the transceiver 106 to perform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

[0173] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be proposed. For example, the first device may comprise: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, and wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier; obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; and perform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

[0174] For example, the second identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 335.

[0175] For example, the third identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 335.

[0176] For example, the first identifier may be 0.

[0177] For example, the first identifier may be 0 or 1.

[0178] For example, the first identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 2.

[0179] For example, the second device may be a non-terrestrial network base station.

[0180] For example, the wireless communication may include a synchronization operation performed based on the synchronization signal block.

[0181] For example, a sequence of the two primary synchronization signals may be determined based on the first identifier.

[0182] For example, a sequence of the first secondary synchronization signal may be determined based on the second identifier.

[0183] For example, a sequence of the second secondary synchronization signal may be determined based on the third identifier.

[0184] For example, the rule may be applied based on an equation, the equation may be: N_ID_cell = N_ID_(0) + 336 * N_ID_(1) + 336 * 336 * N_ID_(2), the N_ID_cell may be the cell identifier, the N_ID_(0) may be the second identifier, the N_ID_(1) may be the third identifier, and the N_ID_(2) may be the first identifier.

[0185] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device adapted to control a first device may be proposed. For example, the processing device may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, and wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier; obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; and perform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

[0186] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be proposed. For example, the instructions, based on being executed, may cause a first device to: receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, and wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier; obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; and perform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.

[0187] FIG. 15 shows a procedure of a method which may be performed by a second device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 15, in step S1510, a second device may generate two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals based on a cell identifier related to a first cell. In step S1520, the second device may generate a synchronization signal block including the two primary synchronization signals and the two secondary synchronization signals. In step S1530, the second device may transmit, to a first device in the first cell, the synchronization signal block. In step S1540, the second device may perform wireless communication with the first device based on the cell identifier. For example, the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier, the cell identifier may be obtained by the first device based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1.

[0189] For example, the second identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 335.

[0190] For example, the third identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 335.

[0191] For example, the first identifier may be 0.

[0192] For example, the first identifier may be 0 or 1.

[0193] For example, the first identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 2.

[0194] For example, the second device may be a non-terrestrial network base station.

[0195] For example, the wireless communication may include a synchronization operation performed based on the synchronization signal block.

[0196] For example, a sequence of the two primary synchronization signals may be determined based on the first identifier.

[0197] For example, a sequence of the first secondary synchronization signal may be determined based on the second identifier.

[0198] For example, a sequence of the second secondary synchronization signal may be determined based on the third identifier.

[0199] For example, the rule may be applied based on an equation, the equation may be: N_ID_cell = N_ID_(0) + 336 * N_ID_(1) + 336 * 336 * N_ID_(2), the N_ID_cell may be the cell identifier, the N_ID_(0) may be the second identifier, the N_ID_(1) may be the third identifier, and the N_ID_(2) may be the first identifier.

[0200] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be proposed. For example, the second device may comprise: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: generate two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals based on a cell identifier related to a first cell; generate a synchronization signal block including the two primary synchronization signals and the two secondary synchronization signals; transmit, to a first device in the first cell, the synchronization signal block; and perform wireless communication with the first device based on the cell identifier, wherein the two primary synchronization signals may be related to a first identifier, wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a second identifier, wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals may be related to a third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained by the first device based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier, wherein the cell identifier may be obtained according to a rule in which: the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1; based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; and based on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1.

[0201] For example, the second identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 335.

[0202] For example, the third identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 335.

[0203] For example, the first identifier may be 0.

[0204] For example, the first identifier may be 0 or 1.

[0205] For example, the first identifier may be a value in a range from 0 to 2.

[0206] For example, the second device may be a non-terrestrial network base station.

[0207] For example, the wireless communication may include a synchronization operation performed based on the synchronization signal block.

[0208] For example, a sequence of the two primary synchronization signals may be determined based on the first identifier.

[0209] For example, a sequence of the first secondary synchronization signal may be determined based on the second identifier.

[0210] For example, a sequence of the second secondary synchronization signal may be determined based on the third identifier.

[0211] For example, the rule may be applied based on an equation, the equation may be: N_ID_cell = N_ID_(0) + 336 * N_ID_(1) + 336 * 336 * N_ID_(2), the N_ID_cell may be the cell identifier, the N_ID_(0) may be the second identifier, the N_ID_(1) may be the third identifier, and the N_ID_(2) may be the first identifier.

[0212] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0213] Hereinafter, device(s) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied will be described.

[0214] The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure described in this document may be applied to, without being limited to, a variety of fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0215] Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings / description, the same reference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise.

[0216] FIG. 16 shows a communication system 1, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0217] Referring to FIG. 16, a communication system 1 to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes wireless devices, Base Stations (BSs), and a network. Herein, the wireless devices represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR)) or Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices may include, without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BSs and the network may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0218] Here, wireless communication technology implemented in wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may include Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication in addition to LTE, NR, and 6G. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as standards such as LTE Cat NB1, and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the name described above. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology may be an example of the LPWAN and may be called by various names including enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC), and the like. For example, the LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least any one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-Bandwidth Limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the name described above. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee considering the low-power communication, and is not limited to the name described above. As an example, the ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and the like, and may be called by various names.

[0219] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs / network. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) / Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0220] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c may be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200, or BS 200 / BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication / connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or, D2D communication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs / the wireless devices may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through the wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting / receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0221] FIG. 17 shows wireless devices, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0222] Referring to FIG. 17, a first wireless device 100 and a second wireless device 200 may transmit radio signals through a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to {the wireless device 100x and the BS 200} and / or {the wireless device 100x and the wireless device 100x} of FIG. 16.

[0223] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 may control the memory(s) 104 and / or the transceiver(s) 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process information within the memory(s) 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signals including second information / signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, the memory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0224] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s) 202 may control the memory(s) 204 and / or the transceiver(s) 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process information within the memory(s) 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information / signals through the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, the memory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0225] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0226] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and / or a set of commands.

[0227] The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Read-Only Memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and / or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

[0228] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the methods and / or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0229] FIG. 18 shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0230] Referring to FIG. 18, a signal processing circuit 1000 may include scramblers 1010, modulators 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040, resource mappers 1050, and signal generators 1060. An operation / function of FIG. 18 may be performed, without being limited to, the processors 102 and 202 and / or the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 17. Hardware elements of FIG. 18 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 and / or the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 17. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 17. Alternatively, the blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 17 and the block 1060 may be implemented by the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 17.

[0231] Codewords may be converted into radio signals via the signal processing circuit 1000 of FIG. 18. Herein, the codewords are encoded bit sequences of information blocks. The information blocks may include transport blocks (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The radio signals may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH and a PDSCH).

[0232] Specifically, the codewords may be converted into scrambled bit sequences by the scramblers 1010. Scramble sequences used for scrambling may be generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequences may be modulated to modulation symbol sequences by the modulators 1020. A modulation scheme may include pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-Phase Shift Keying (m-PSK), and m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (m-QAM). Complex modulation symbol sequences may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper 1030. Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped (precoded) to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1040. Outputs z of the precoder 1040 may be obtained by multiplying outputs y of the layer mapper 1030 by an N*M precoding matrix W. Herein, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. The precoder 1040 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0233] The resource mappers 1050 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources may include a plurality of symbols (e.g., a CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generators 1060 may generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols and the generated radio signals may be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. For this purpose, the signal generators 1060 may include Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) modules, Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserters, Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), and frequency up-converters.

[0234] Signal processing procedures for a signal received in the wireless device may be configured in a reverse manner of the signal processing procedures 1010 to 1060 of FIG. 18. For example, the wireless devices (e.g., 100 and 200 of FIG. 17) may receive radio signals from the exterior through the antenna ports / transceivers. The received radio signals may be converted into baseband signals through signal restorers. To this end, the signal restorers may include frequency downlink converters, Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), CP remover, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) modules. Next, the baseband signals may be restored to codewords through a resource demapping procedure, a postcoding procedure, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling procedure. The codewords may be restored to original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not illustrated) for a reception signal may include signal restorers, resource demappers, a postcoder, demodulators, descramblers, and decoders.

[0235] FIG. 19 shows another example of a wireless device, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to a use-case / service (refer to FIG. 16). The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0236] Referring to FIG. 19, wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 17 and may be configured by various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and transceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include the one or more processors 102 and 202 and / or the one or more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 17. For example, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 17. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the additional components 140 and controls overall operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit 120 may control an electric / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface or store, in the memory unit 130, information received through the wireless / wired interface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110.

[0237] The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of wireless devices. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, input / output (I / O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100a of FIG. 16), the vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2 of FIG. 16), the XR device (100c of FIG. 16), the hand-held device (100d of FIG. 16), the home appliance (100e of FIG. 16), the IoT device (100f of FIG. 16), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine device, a fintech device (or a finance device), a security device, a climate / environment device, the AI server / device (400 of FIG. 16), the BSs (200 of FIG. 16), a network node, etc. The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a use-example / service.

[0238] In FIG. 19, the entirety of the various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and the control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / portion, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory 130 may be configured by a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM)), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0239] Hereinafter, an example of implementing FIG. 19 will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0240] FIG. 20 shows a hand-held device, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The hand-held device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a description, a function, a procedure, a proposal, a method, and / or an operation of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0241] Referring to FIG. 20, a hand-held device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to140c correspond to the blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 19, respectively.

[0242] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the hand-held device 100. The control unit 120 may include an Application Processor (AP). The memory unit 130 may store data / parameters / programs / code / commands needed to drive the hand-held device 100. The memory unit 130 may store input / output data / information. The power supply unit 140a may supply power to the hand-held device 100 and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit 140b may support connection of the hand-held device 100 to other external devices. The interface unit 140b may include various ports (e.g., an audio I / O port and a video I / O port) for connection with external devices. The I / O unit 140c may input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The I / O unit 140c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140d, a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0243] As an example, in the case of data communication, the I / O unit 140c may acquire information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video) input by a user and the acquired information / signals may be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to a BS. The communication unit 110 may receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signals into original information / signals. The restored information / signals may be stored in the memory unit 130 and may be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I / O unit 140c.

[0244] Claims in the present description can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present description can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method.

Claims

1.A method comprising:receiving, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals,wherein the two primary synchronization signals are related to a first identifier,wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a second identifier, andwherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a third identifier;obtaining a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier,wherein the cell identifier is obtained according to a rule in which:the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1;based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; andbased on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; andperforming wireless communication based on the cell identifier.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the second identifier is a value in a range from 0 to 335.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the third identifier is a value in a range from 0 to 335.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the first identifier is 0.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the first identifier is 0 or 1.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the first identifier is a value in a range from 0 to 2.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the second device is a non-terrestrial network base station.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication includes a synchronization operation performed based on the synchronization signal block.9.The method of claim 1, wherein a sequence of the two primary synchronization signals is determined based on the first identifier.10.The method of claim 1, wherein a sequence of the first secondary synchronization signal is determined based on the second identifier.11.The method of claim 1, wherein a sequence of the second secondary synchronization signal is determined based on the third identifier.12.The method of claim 1, wherein the rule is applied based on an equation,wherein the equation is:N_ID_cell = N_ID_(0) + 336 * N_ID_(1) + 336 * 336 * N_ID_(2),wherein the N_ID_cell is the cell identifier,wherein the N_ID_(0) is the second identifier,wherein the N_ID_(1) is the third identifier, andwherein the N_ID_(2) is the first identifier.13.The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed by a first device.14.A first device comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one processor; andat least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions,wherein the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to:receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals,wherein the two primary synchronization signals are related to a first identifier,wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a second identifier, andwherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a third identifier;obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier,wherein the cell identifier is obtained according to a rule in which:the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1;based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; andbased on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; andperform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.15.A processing device adapted to control a first device, the processing device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions,wherein the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to:receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals,wherein the two primary synchronization signals are related to a first identifier,wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a second identifier, andwherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a third identifier;obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier,wherein the cell identifier is obtained according to a rule in which:the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1;based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; andbased on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; andperform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.16.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, based on being executed, cause a first device to:receive, from a second device, a synchronization signal block including two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals,wherein the two primary synchronization signals are related to a first identifier,wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a second identifier, andwherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a third identifier;obtain a cell identifier related to the synchronization signal block based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier,wherein the cell identifier is obtained according to a rule in which:the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1;based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; andbased on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1; andperform wireless communication based on the cell identifier.17.A method comprising:generating two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals based on a cell identifier related to a first cell;generating a synchronization signal block including the two primary synchronization signals and the two secondary synchronization signals;transmitting, to a first device in the first cell, the synchronization signal block; andperforming wireless communication with the first device based on the cell identifier,wherein the two primary synchronization signals are related to a first identifier,wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a second identifier,wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a third identifier,wherein the cell identifier is obtained by the first device based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier,wherein the cell identifier is obtained according to a rule in which:the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1;based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; andbased on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the second identifier is a value in a range from 0 to 335,wherein the third identifier is a value in a range from 0 to 335,wherein a sequence of the two primary synchronization signals is determined based on the first identifier,wherein a sequence of the first secondary synchronization signal is determined based on the second identifier, andwherein a sequence of the second secondary synchronization signal is determined based on the third identifier.19.A second device comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one processor; andat least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions,wherein the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to:generate two primary synchronization signals and two secondary synchronization signals based on a cell identifier related to a first cell;generate a synchronization signal block including the two primary synchronization signals and the two secondary synchronization signals;transmit, to a first device in the first cell, the synchronization signal block; andperform wireless communication with the first device based on the cell identifier,wherein the two primary synchronization signals are related to a first identifier,wherein a first secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a second identifier,wherein a second secondary synchronization signal among the two secondary synchronization signals is related to a third identifier,wherein the cell identifier is obtained by the first device based on the first identifier, the second identifier, and the third identifier,wherein the cell identifier is obtained according to a rule in which:the cell identifier increases by 1 as the second identifier increases by 1;based on the second identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the second identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the second identifier and the third identifier increases by 1; andbased on the third identifier reaching a maximum value as it increases by 1, the third identifier is initialized to a minimum value of the third identifier and the first identifier increases by 1.20.The second device of claim 19, wherein the second identifier is a value in a range from 0 to 335,wherein the third identifier is a value in a range from 0 to 335,wherein a sequence of the two primary synchronization signals is determined based on the first identifier,wherein a sequence of the first secondary synchronization signal is determined based on the second identifier, andwherein a sequence of the second secondary synchronization signal is determined based on the third identifier.

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