Power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage. The power generation system comprises a garbage incineration assembly, a first power generation assembly, a second power generation assembly and a flue gas treatment assembly. The present invention relates to the technical field of power generation from waste. The power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage conveys waste in a classified and layered manner by means of providing a first garbage feeding assembly, a second garbage feeding assembly and a third garbage feeding assembly, and performs staged combustion on the waste in cooperation with the provision of a pre-combustion furnace, a first coal supply assembly, a smoke chamber, a rotary kiln and a second coal supply assembly. In this way, a combustion treatment is performed on the waste by means of multi-point feeding and staged and classified combustion, such that heat of the garbage itself can be fully utilized, thereby fully utilizing the garbage treatment capacity of the rotary kiln while improving the energy utilization rate. In cooperation with the provision of the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly, efficient electric energy conversion of the waste is achieved.

Description

A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage. Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste-to-energy technology, specifically to a power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage. Background Technology

[0002] Incineration is a high-temperature treatment technology. Hazardous waste can be reduced in volume and harmful substances can be reduced or removed through high-temperature incineration. The high-temperature flue gas produced by incineration is used to generate high-temperature steam in a waste heat boiler for heating and power generation, thus recovering energy. The process flow and incinerator structure of hazardous waste incineration are mainly related to the type, properties, and combustion characteristics of the waste. Currently, the main types of incinerators used are grate incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, vertical incinerators, and rotary kilns. Grate incinerators are mainly used for municipal solid waste incineration, fluidized bed incinerators are mainly used for homogeneous fuel combustion, vertical incinerators are mainly used for the direct combustion of liquids and gases, and rotary kilns, through their continuous rotation, ensure complete combustion of the waste inside the kiln, while simultaneously moving it in an inclined direction until it is completely burned. Rotary kilns are mainly used for the incineration of hazardous waste and medical waste, and can handle various forms of waste, including solid waste, liquid waste, and gaseous waste.

[0003] The existing grate incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, and vertical incinerators are relatively limited in their ability to process a single type of waste. None of them can simultaneously process multiple types of waste or hazardous waste (medical waste). Furthermore, the waste processing capacity of these three types of incinerators is less than that of rotary kilns. Although rotary kilns have high equipment utilization, low carbon content in ash, low excess air volume, and low emissions of harmful gases, they have the following drawbacks when incinerating waste:

[0004] When rotary kilns process various types of waste, such as hazardous waste, medical waste, solid waste, and liquid waste, combustion is often difficult to control due to the low or unstable calorific value of the waste. This results in incomplete combustion, producing a large amount of slag, as well as crusting and coking, which can cause blockages in the entire system.

[0005] To address this, a power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage is proposed. This system utilizes a multi-point feeding method for graded and classified combustion, fully leveraging the heat generated by the garbage itself to improve energy utilization while maximizing the garbage processing capacity of the rotary kiln. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a power generation system that can process hazardous waste and various types of garbage. It solves the problem that when rotary kilns process various types of waste, the combustion is often difficult to control due to the low or unstable calorific value of the waste, resulting in incomplete combustion of the waste and the generation of a large amount of slag. At the same time, it can also cause crusting and coking, leading to blockage of the entire system.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of waste, comprising a waste incineration component, a first power generation component, a second power generation component, and a flue gas treatment component, wherein the input ends of the first power generation component and the second power generation component are both connected to the waste incineration component through ducts, and the output ends of the first power generation component and the second power generation component are both connected to the flue gas treatment component through ducts.

[0008] The waste incineration assembly includes a rotary kiln. The material inlet of the rotary kiln is connected to a smoke chamber. The top of the smoke chamber is connected to a pre-combustion furnace. From top to bottom, the outer periphery of the pre-combustion furnace is provided with a first flue gas denitrification assembly, a first waste feeding assembly, and a first coal supply assembly. The top air outlet of the pre-combustion furnace is connected to a cyclone separator via an air duct. The discharge port of the cyclone separator is connected to the smoke chamber via a discharge pipe. A second waste feeding assembly is connected to one side of the smoke chamber. The material outlet of the rotary kiln is connected to a second combustion chamber. From bottom to top, the outer periphery of the second combustion chamber is provided with a first burner, a second burner, and a second flue gas denitrification assembly. Both the second burner and the first burner pass through the second combustion chamber and are inserted into the interior of the rotary kiln. The second burner is connected to the second coal supply assembly. The first burner is connected to the third waste feeding assembly and the first blower via pipes.

[0009] The flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected to the first power generation component via a duct, and the flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the second power generation component via a duct.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that: the first power generation component includes a first waste heat boiler, the flue gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler is connected to a second fan, the hot gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler is connected to a first steam turbine, the first steam turbine is connected to a first generator via a wire, the gas outlet of the first steam turbine is connected to a first condenser, the heat exchange inlet and outlet of the first condenser are both connected to a first cooling tower via pipes, and the gas outlet of the first condenser is connected to the cold gas inlet of the first waste heat boiler.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected to the flue gas inlet of the first waste heat boiler via a duct.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that: the second power generation component includes a second waste heat boiler, the flue gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler is connected to a third fan, the hot gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler is connected to a second steam turbine, the second steam turbine is connected to a second generator via a wire, the outlet of the second steam turbine is connected to a second condenser, the heat exchange inlet and outlet of the second condenser are both connected to a second cooling tower via pipes, and the outlet of the second condenser is connected to the cold gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that the flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the flue gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler via a duct.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that: the flue gas treatment component includes a semi-dry neutralization reaction tower, the top of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower is connected to a third flue gas denitrification component, the output end of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower is connected to a bag filter through a conveying pipe, a dry powder injection component and an activated carbon injection component are connected sequentially from left to right on the conveying pipe, the output end of the bag filter is connected to a fourth fan through a pipe, and the output end of the fourth fan is connected to the chimney inlet.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that the output ends of the second fan and the third fan are both connected to the air inlet of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower through pipelines.

[0016] The present invention is further configured such that: a first air cannon assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pre-combustion furnace, a second air cannon assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the smoke chamber, and a third air cannon assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cyclone separator.

[0017] The present invention is further configured such that: the first waste feeding assembly is used to transport hazardous waste to the pre-combustion furnace, wherein the hazardous waste includes medical waste;

[0018] The second waste feeding assembly is used to transport biomass waste into the smoke chamber, and the third waste feeding assembly is used to transport non-hazardous solid waste into the first burner.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that: the biomass waste includes one or more of wood chips, straw, forestry waste, and livestock and poultry manure, and the calorific value of the biomass waste is between 14 GJ / T and 16 GJ / T;

[0020] The non-hazardous solid waste includes one or more of the following: plastics, paper, wood, rubber, textiles, and wool, and the calorific value of the non-hazardous solid waste is between 17 GJ / T and 19 GJ / T.

[0021] This invention provides a power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage. It offers the following advantages:

[0022] (1) The present invention uses the first waste feeding component, the second waste feeding component and the third waste feeding component to classify and transport waste in layers. With the pre-combustion furnace, the first coal supply component, the smoke chamber, the rotary kiln and the second coal supply component, the waste is burned in stages. This multi-point feeding and staged combustion method can fully utilize the heat of the waste itself, improve the energy utilization rate, and give full play to the waste processing capacity of the rotary kiln. With the first power generation component and the second power generation component, the waste can be converted into electricity efficiently.

[0023] (2) The present invention uses a cyclone separator to guide the unburned material raised in the pre-combustion furnace into the smoke chamber for re-combustion. With the setting of the first air cannon group, the second air cannon group and the third air cannon group, the unburned waste is raised, which provides further guarantee for the complete combustion of the waste. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waste incineration assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first power generation component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second power generation component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the pre-combustion furnace, cyclone separator, first flue gas denitrification component, first waste feeding component, first coal supply component, second waste feeding component, smoke chamber, first air cannon group, second air cannon group and third air cannon group of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Pre-combustion furnace; 2. Cyclone separator; 3. First flue gas denitrification assembly; 4. First waste feeding assembly; 5. First coal supply assembly; 6. Second waste feeding assembly; 7. Smoke chamber; 8. Rotary kiln; 9. Secondary combustion chamber; 10. First burner; 11. Second burner; 12. Second coal supply assembly; 13. Third waste feeding assembly; 14. First fan; 15. Second flue gas denitrification assembly; 16. First waste heat boiler; 17. Second fan; 18. First cooling tower; 19. First generator; 20. First condenser; 21. First steam turbine; 22. Second waste heat boiler; 23. Third fan; 24. Second steam turbine; 25. Second generator; 26. Second cooling tower; 27. Second condenser; 28. Third flue gas denitrification assembly; 29. ​​Semi-dry neutralization reaction tower; 30. Dry powder injection assembly; 31. Activated carbon injection assembly; 32. Bag filter; 33. Fourth fan; 34. Chimney; 35. First air cannon assembly; 36. Second air cannon assembly; 37. Third air cannon assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Please refer to Figures 1-6. The embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solution: A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage, including a waste incineration assembly. The waste incineration assembly includes a rotary kiln 8, the temperature inside the rotary kiln 8 being between 1200℃ and 1300℃. The material inlet end of the rotary kiln 8 is connected to a smoke chamber 7, and the top of the smoke chamber 7 is connected to a pre-combustion furnace 1. From top to bottom, the outer periphery of the pre-combustion furnace 1 is sequentially equipped with a first flue gas denitrification assembly 3, a first waste feeding assembly 4, and a first coal supply assembly 5. The first waste feeding assembly... Component 4 is used to transport hazardous waste, including medical waste, to the pre-combustion furnace 1. The treatment efficiency of hazardous waste is improved by pre-combusting the hazardous waste. In order to increase the dwell time of the hazardous waste so as to facilitate complete combustion, a first air cannon group 35 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pre-combustion furnace 1. It should be noted that the temperature distribution in the pre-combustion furnace 1 is as follows: the bottom temperature is 1100℃-1200℃, the middle temperature is 1000℃-1100℃, and the upper temperature is 900℃-1000℃.

[0033] The top air outlet of the pre-combustion furnace 1 is connected to a cyclone separator 2 via an air duct. The discharge port of the cyclone separator 2 is connected to the smoke chamber 7 via a discharge pipe. A third air cannon group 37 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cyclone separator 2.

[0034] A second waste feeding assembly 6 is connected to one side of the smoke chamber 7. The second waste feeding assembly 6 is used to transport biomass waste into the smoke chamber 7. The biomass waste includes one or more of the following: wood chips, straw, forestry waste, and livestock manure. It should be noted that the calorific value of the biomass waste should be controlled between 14GJ / T and 16GJ / T. A secondary combustion chamber 9 is connected to the material outlet of the rotary kiln 8. From bottom to top, a first burner 10, a second burner 11, and a second flue gas denitrification assembly 15 are arranged on the outer periphery of the secondary combustion chamber 9. The second burner 10... Both the first burner 11 and the first burner 10 pass through the secondary combustion chamber 9 and are inserted into the interior of the rotary kiln 8. The second burner 11 is connected to the second coal supply assembly 12. The first burner 10 is connected to the third waste feeding assembly 13 and the first blower 14 through pipes. The third waste feeding assembly 13 is used to transport non-hazardous solid waste to the first burner 10. The non-hazardous solid waste includes one or more of plastics, paper, wood, rubber, textiles, and wool, and the calorific value of the non-hazardous solid waste is controlled between 17GJ / T and 19GJ / T.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, in order to realize the conversion of combustion heat energy into electrical energy, the flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 9 is connected to the first power generation component through a duct. The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 9 is approximately 1200℃. The first power generation component includes a first waste heat boiler 16. The flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 9 is connected to the flue gas inlet of the first waste heat boiler 16 through a duct. The flue gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler 16 is connected to a second fan 17. The hot gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler 16 is connected to a first steam turbine 21. The first steam turbine 21 is connected to a first generator 19 through a wire. The outlet of the first steam turbine 21 is connected to a first condenser 20. The heat exchange inlet and outlet of the first condenser 20 are both connected to a first cooling tower 18 through pipes. The outlet of the first condenser 20 is connected to the cold gas inlet of the first waste heat boiler 16.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, in order to achieve the conversion of combustion heat energy into electrical energy, the flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is connected to the second power generation component through a duct. The temperature of the flue gas at the top flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is between 800℃ and 900℃. The second power generation component includes a second waste heat boiler 22. The flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is connected to the flue gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler 22 through a duct. The flue gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler 22 is connected to a third fan 23. The hot gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler 22 is connected to a second steam turbine 24. The second steam turbine 24 is connected to a second generator 25 through a wire. The outlet of the second steam turbine 24 is connected to a second condenser 27. The heat exchange inlet and outlet of the second condenser 27 are both connected to a second cooling tower 26 through pipes. The outlet of the second condenser 27 is connected to the cold gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler 22.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, in order to achieve environmentally friendly emissions of combustion flue gas, the output ends of the first and second power generation components are both connected to the flue gas treatment component through ducts. The flue gas treatment component includes a semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29. The output ends of the second fan 17 and the third fan 23 are both connected to the air inlet of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29 through pipes. The top of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29 is connected to the third flue gas denitrification component 28. The output end of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29 is connected to the bag filter 32 through a conveying pipe. From left to right, the conveying pipe is connected to the dry powder injection component 30 and the activated carbon injection component 31. The output end of the bag filter 32 is connected to the fourth fan 33 through a pipe. The output end of the fourth fan 33 is connected to the inlet of the chimney 34.

[0038] The above-mentioned waste incineration components are used in the following ways:

[0039] Hazardous waste is fed from the first waste feeding assembly 4 into the pre-combustion furnace 1. Hazardous waste that is not completely burned in the pre-combustion furnace 1 enters the smoke chamber 7 for further combustion. Hazardous waste that is not completely burned in the smoke chamber 7 enters the rotary kiln 8 for further combustion and is completely burned in the rotary kiln 8.

[0040] Biomass waste is fed into the smoke chamber 7 from the second waste feeding component 6. The unburned biomass waste in the smoke chamber 7 enters the rotary kiln 8 for further incineration and is burned completely in the rotary kiln 8.

[0041] The high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the rotary kiln 8, flue gas chamber 7 and pre-combustion furnace 1 enters the second waste heat boiler 22 through the cyclone separator 2 under the negative pressure of the third fan 23, so as to supply energy to the second steam turbine 24 and enable the second generator 25 to generate electricity.

[0042] Non-hazardous solid waste is fed into the first burner 10 from the third waste feeding assembly 13. The high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the second combustion chamber 9 enters the first waste heat boiler 16 under the negative pressure of the second fan 17, which powers the first steam turbine 21 and enables the first generator 19 to generate electricity.

[0043] The high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is transported to the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29 by the second fan 17 and the third fan 23 for neutralization treatment. After being adsorbed by the dry powder injection component 30 and the activated carbon injection component 31, it is then removed by the bag dust collector 32 and then transported to the chimney 34 and discharged into the external environment under the negative pressure of the fourth fan 33.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical methods of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical methods of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage, comprising a waste incineration unit, a first power generation unit, a second power generation unit, and a flue gas treatment unit, characterized in that: The input ends of the first power generation component and the second power generation component are both connected to the waste incineration component through ducts, and the output ends of the first power generation component and the second power generation component are both connected to the flue gas treatment component through ducts. The waste incineration assembly includes a rotary kiln (8), the material inlet end of which is connected to a smoke chamber (7), the top of which is connected to a pre-combustion furnace (1), and the outer periphery of the pre-combustion furnace (1) is provided with a first flue gas denitrification assembly (3), a first waste feeding assembly (4), and a first coal supply assembly (5) in sequence from top to bottom. The top air outlet of the pre-combustion furnace (1) is connected to a cyclone separator (2) through an air duct, and the discharge port of the cyclone separator (2) is connected to the smoke chamber (7) through a discharge pipe. A second waste feeding assembly is connected to one side of the smoke chamber (7). The rotary kiln (8) has a material outlet connected to a secondary combustion chamber (9). The outer periphery of the secondary combustion chamber (9) is provided with a first burner (10), a second burner (11), and a second flue gas denitrification assembly (15) from bottom to top. The second burner (11) and the first burner (10) both pass through the secondary combustion chamber (9) and are inserted into the interior of the rotary kiln (8). The second burner (11) is connected to the second coal supply assembly (12). The first burner (10) is connected to the third waste feeding assembly (13) and the first blower (14) through pipes respectively. The flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (9) is connected to the first power generation component through a duct, and the flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator (2) is connected to the second power generation component through a duct.

2. The power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first power generation component includes a first waste heat boiler (16), the flue gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler (16) is connected to a second fan (17), the hot gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler (16) is connected to a first steam turbine (21), the first steam turbine (21) is connected to a first generator (19) via a wire, the gas outlet of the first steam turbine (21) is connected to a first condenser (20), the heat exchange inlet and outlet of the first condenser (20) are both connected to a first cooling tower (18) via pipes, and the gas outlet of the first condenser (20) is connected to the cold gas inlet of the first waste heat boiler (16).

3. A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (9) is connected to the flue gas inlet of the first waste heat boiler (16) through a duct.

4. A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second power generation component includes a second waste heat boiler (22), the flue gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler (22) is connected to a third fan (23), the hot gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler (22) is connected to a second steam turbine (24), the second steam turbine (24) is connected to a second generator (25) via a wire, the outlet of the second steam turbine (24) is connected to a second condenser (27), the heat exchange inlet and outlet of the second condenser (27) are both connected to a second cooling tower (26) via pipes, and the outlet of the second condenser (27) is connected to the cold gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler (22).

5. A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator (2) is connected to the flue gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler (22) through a duct.

6. A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment assembly includes a semi-dry neutralization reaction tower (29), the top of which is connected to a third flue gas denitrification assembly (28). The output end of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower (29) is connected to a bag filter (32) through a conveying pipe. A dry powder injection assembly (30) and an activated carbon injection assembly (31) are connected sequentially from left to right on the conveying pipe. The output end of the bag filter (32) is connected to a fourth fan (33) through a pipe. The output end of the fourth fan (33) is connected to the inlet of the chimney (34).

7. A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 6, characterized in that: The output ends of the second blower (17) and the third blower (23) are connected to the air inlet of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower (29) through pipelines.

8. A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the pre-combustion furnace (1) is fixedly equipped with a first air cannon group (35), the bottom of the smoke chamber (7) is fixedly equipped with a second air cannon group (36), and the bottom of the cyclone separator (2) is fixedly equipped with a third air cannon group (37).

9. A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first waste feeding assembly (4) is used to transport hazardous waste to the pre-combustion furnace (1), the hazardous waste including medical waste; The second waste feeding assembly (6) is used to transport biomass waste to the smoke chamber (7), and the third waste feeding assembly (13) is used to transport non-hazardous solid waste to the first burner (10).

10. A power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The biomass waste includes one or more of the following: wood chips, straw, forestry waste, and livestock and poultry manure, and the calorific value of the biomass waste is between 14 GJ / T and 16 GJ / T. The non-hazardous solid waste includes one or more of the following: plastics, paper, wood, rubber, textiles, and wool, and the calorific value of the non-hazardous solid waste is between 17 GJ / T and 19 GJ / T.

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