Blood pressure simulation system, blood pressure testing device, and method for establishing blood pressure relationship model
By using biomimetic human body parts and a blood pressure simulation system that combines invasive and non-invasive pressure sensors, a model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure is established. This solves the problem that arterial simulation devices cannot accurately reflect the pressure difference between the inside of the blood and the peripheral blood surface, thus achieving higher precision blood pressure detection.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing arterial simulation devices cannot accurately reflect the difference between the pressure values inside the blood and the peripheral pressure values on the body surface when simulating blood flow, resulting in insufficient accuracy in blood pressure detection.
By combining biomimetic human body parts, invasive and non-invasive pressure sensors with a blood pressure simulation fluid supply device, a model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure is established. The internal pressure is sensed by the invasive pressure sensor, the external pressure is sensed by the non-invasive pressure sensor, and the data is processed by the processor to establish the model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure.
It improves the accuracy of blood pressure detection, can more accurately reflect the relationship between internal and external blood pressure, and improves the precision of blood pressure detection.
Smart Images
Figure CN2024135311_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Blood pressure simulation system, blood pressure testing equipment, and methods for establishing blood pressure relationship models Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to a blood pressure simulation system, a blood pressure testing device, and a method for establishing a blood pressure relationship model. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, the prevalence of hypertension in China has been rising year by year, and it increases with age. According to relevant statistics, the prevalence of hypertension among the population aged 18 and above in my country was 25.20% in 2012. It is estimated that between 2015 and 2025, the number of people with hypertension in China will increase at a compound annual growth rate of 2.3%, and the number of people with hypertension in my country is expected to reach 365 million by 2025.
[0003] While awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension are gradually increasing, overall prevention and control of hypertension remain at a low level. To improve hypertension prevention and control, some related technologies employ arterial simulation devices to mimic blood flow within blood vessels and provide blood pressure values via built-in sensors. These arterial simulation devices primarily operate on pneumatic, hydraulic, and magnetic levitation principles. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In one aspect of this disclosure, a blood pressure simulation system is provided, comprising:
[0005] A biomimetic human body component, comprising a body and biomimetic blood vessels located within the body;
[0006] An invasive pressure sensor, embedded in the bionic blood vessel, is configured to sense the internal pressure of the bionic blood vessel;
[0007] A first non-invasive pressure sensor is disposed on the surface of the body and configured to sense the external pressure of the biomimetic blood vessel;
[0008] A blood pressure simulation fluid supply device, connected to the bionic blood vessel, is configured to supply a working fluid for simulating blood pressure to the bionic blood vessel; and
[0009] A first processor is configured to process data based on sensing data from the invasive pressure sensor and the first non-invasive pressure sensor to establish a model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure in the biomimetic blood vessel.
[0010] In some embodiments, the first processor is configured to, in each sampling period, determine a first correspondence between a first blood pressure peak corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and a second blood pressure peak corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor, and to determine a second correspondence between a first pressure trough corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and a second pressure trough corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor, and to establish an intra- and extra-vascular blood pressure relationship model of the biomimetic blood vessel based on the first and second correspondences in each sampling period.
[0011] In some embodiments, the bionic human body part includes at least one of a bionic arm, a bionic leg, and a bionic neck.
[0012] In some embodiments, the bionic blood vessels include at least one of the following: the radial artery of the bionic arm, the brachial artery of the bionic arm, the femoral artery of the bionic leg, and the carotid artery of the bionic neck.
[0013] In some embodiments, the blood pressure simulation fluid supply device includes:
[0014] A waveform control unit, connected to the first processor, is configured to generate a timing control signal for simulating blood pressure fluctuations according to instructions from the first processor.
[0015] A hydraulic power source, signal-connected to the waveform control unit, is configured to input working fluid into the bionic blood vessel according to the timing control signal.
[0016] In some embodiments, the first non-invasive pressure sensor includes an array of pressure sensors attached to the outer surface of the body.
[0017] In some embodiments, the invasive pressure sensor includes a medical-grade built-in blood pressure sensor.
[0018] In one aspect of this disclosure, a blood pressure testing device is provided, comprising:
[0019] Second non-invasive pressure sensor;
[0020] The second processor is configured to input the measured blood pressure value of the subject from the second non-invasive pressure sensor into the internal and external blood pressure relationship model established by the aforementioned blood pressure simulation system, so as to obtain the corresponding internal blood pressure value.
[0021] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method for establishing a blood pressure relationship model for the aforementioned blood pressure simulation system is provided, comprising:
[0022] The blood pressure simulation fluid supply device supplies working fluid for simulating blood pressure to the bionic blood vessel.
[0023] The internal pressure of the bionic blood vessel is sensed by the invasive pressure sensor, and the external pressure of the bionic blood vessel is sensed by the first non-invasive pressure sensor.
[0024] Data processing is performed based on the sensing data from the invasive pressure sensor and the first non-invasive pressure sensor to establish a model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure in the biomimetic blood vessel.
[0025] In some embodiments, the step of processing data based on the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and the first non-invasive pressure sensor to establish a model of the blood pressure relationship between the inside and outside of the biomimetic blood vessel includes:
[0026] In each sampling period, a first correspondence is determined between the first blood pressure peak value corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and the second blood pressure peak value corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor, and a second correspondence is determined between the first pressure valley value corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and the second pressure valley value corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor.
[0027] A model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure in the biomimetic blood vessel is established based on the first and second correspondences under each sampling period.
[0028] In some embodiments, the step of establishing the intra- and extra-vascular blood pressure relationship model of the biomimetic blood vessel based on the first correspondence and the second correspondence under each sampling period includes:
[0029] A first voltage mapping relationship is determined between the output voltage of the invasive pressure sensor and the output voltage of the first non-invasive pressure sensor based on the first correspondence relationship;
[0030] A second voltage mapping relationship between the output voltage of the invasive pressure sensor and the output voltage of the first non-invasive pressure sensor is determined based on the second correspondence.
[0031] The first voltage mapping relationship and the second voltage mapping relationship under each sampling period are fitted by the least squares method to obtain a univariate linear regression model.
[0032] In some embodiments, the blood pressure simulation fluid supply device includes: a waveform control unit signal-connected to the first processor and a hydraulic source signal-connected to the waveform control unit;
[0033] The step of supplying the working fluid for simulating blood pressure to the bionic blood vessel through the blood pressure simulation fluid supply device includes:
[0034] The processor generates timing control signals to simulate blood pressure fluctuations according to its instructions.
[0035] According to the timing control signal, working fluid is input into the bionic blood vessel through the hydraulic source. Attached Figure Description
[0036] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of this disclosure and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.
[0037] This disclosure will become clearer with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, wherein:
[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a blood pressure simulation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of signal relationships according to an embodiment of the blood pressure simulation system of the present disclosure;
[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the timing control signal generated by the waveform control unit for simulating blood pressure fluctuations in an embodiment of the blood pressure simulation system according to the present disclosure;
[0041] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of blood pressure waveforms sensed by an invasive pressure sensor and a first non-invasive pressure sensor, respectively, in an embodiment of the blood pressure simulation system according to the present disclosure.
[0042] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a blood pressure testing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0043] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the blood pressure relationship model establishment method according to the present disclosure;
[0044] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of fitting a univariate linear regression model in an embodiment of the blood pressure relationship model establishment method of this disclosure;
[0045] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of the blood pressure relationship model establishment method according to the present disclosure.
[0046] It should be understood that the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Furthermore, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components. Detailed Implementation
[0047] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The descriptions of the exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and are in no way intended to limit the present disclosure or its application or use. The present disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully express the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangement of components and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions, and values set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as exemplary only and not as limiting.
[0048] The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. Words such as "including" or "contains" mean that the element preceding the word encompasses the element listed after it, and do not exclude the possibility of encompassing other elements as well. Terms such as "above," "below," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, this relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0049] In this disclosure, when a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, an intermediary device may or may not be present between the specific device and the first or second device. When a specific device is described as being connected to other devices, the specific device may be directly connected to the other devices without an intermediary device, or it may be not directly connected to the other devices but have an intermediary device.
[0050] All terms used in this disclosure (including technical or scientific terms) have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in a general dictionary, such as a dictionary, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and not as having an idealized or highly formalized meaning, unless expressly defined herein.
[0051] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.
[0052] To improve the prevention and treatment of hypertension, some related technologies use arterial simulation devices to simulate blood flow within blood vessels and provide blood pressure values through built-in sensors. These arterial simulation devices mainly operate on pneumatic, hydraulic, and magnetic levitation principles.
[0053] Research has found that, regardless of the underlying principle used, arterial simulation devices typically only simulate blood flow within blood vessels and then provide the blood pressure value via built-in sensors. However, the pressure value inside the blood differs from the pressure value measured on the body surface, and due to individual physiological differences, the difference between the pressure values measured inside the blood and on the body surface also varies.
[0054] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a blood pressure simulation system, a blood pressure testing device, and a method for establishing a pressure model, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of blood pressure detection.
[0055] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a blood pressure simulation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a signal relationship schematic diagram of a blood pressure simulation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0056] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, this disclosure provides a blood pressure simulation system. The blood pressure simulation system includes: a bionic human body component 10, an invasive pressure sensor 20, a first non-invasive pressure sensor 30, a blood pressure simulation fluid supply device 40, and a first processor 50.
[0057] The bionic human body part 10 includes a body 11 and bionic blood vessels 12 located within the body 11. The bionic human body part 10 is a manufacture that imitates the function and structure of real human organs or tissues, such as at least one of a bionic arm, a bionic leg, and a bionic neck.
[0058] When measuring blood pressure in the human body, it is commonly done by measuring blood pressure in the arm. Therefore, taking a bionic arm as an example, the body 11 of the bionic arm can include at least some of the bones, muscle tissue, fascia, and skin in order to more realistically simulate the human arm.
[0059] The bionic blood vessel 12 is located within the body 11 and can carry an introduced working fluid. The working fluid can be a liquid, a gas-liquid mixture, or a liquid-solid mixture, such as synthetic blood, pure water, aqueous solution, or hydraulic oil. Taking the bionic arm as an example again, the bionic blood vessel 12 located in the body 11 of the bionic arm can include at least one of the radial artery and brachial artery of the bionic arm.
[0060] For the bionic leg and the bionic neck, the bionic blood vessels 12 located in the body 11 of the bionic leg may include the femoral artery of the bionic leg, and the bionic blood vessels 12 located in the body 11 of the bionic neck may include the carotid artery of the bionic neck.
[0061] The shape and size of the biomimetic blood vessel 12 can be designed according to the shape and size of actual blood vessels, and arranged within the body 11 with reference to the position of actual blood vessels. In other embodiments, the shape, size, or arrangement of the biomimetic blood vessel 12 can also be simplified as needed.
[0062] An invasive pressure sensor 20 is embedded in the bionic blood vessel 12 and is capable of sensing the internal pressure of the bionic blood vessel. Here, the internal pressure of the bionic blood vessel refers to the pressure of the working fluid circulating within the bionic blood vessel 12, detected from inside the vessel. A first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 is disposed outside the body 11 and is capable of sensing the external pressure of the bionic blood vessel 12. Here, the external pressure of the bionic blood vessel refers to the pressure of the working fluid, indirectly detected from outside the vessel. For ease of reference and explanation, the pressure of the bionic blood vessel will be referred to as blood pressure in the following text.
[0063] The invasive pressure sensor 20 can be inserted into the bionic blood vessel 12 of the bionic human body part 10 through a catheter or other means, so that the sensing end of the invasive pressure sensor 20 can directly contact the working fluid inside the bionic blood vessel 12, thereby sensing high-precision real-time blood pressure data.
[0064] The invasive pressure sensor 20 may include a medical-grade built-in blood pressure sensor 21 to improve the accuracy, reliability, and real-time performance of blood pressure measurement. In some embodiments, the invasive pressure sensor 20 may output a voltage signal corresponding to blood pressure data within the bionic blood vessel 12 to calculate blood pressure data, or it may directly output blood pressure data.
[0065] The first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 is located outside the body 11 and does not directly contact the working fluid, and measures blood pressure through an external detection method. In some embodiments, the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 may be attached to the outer shell of the body 11, and the pressure of the internal working fluid may be inferred by detecting changes in vibration of the body 11.
[0066] The first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 may include an array pressure sensor 31 attached to the outer surface of the body 11. The array pressure sensor 31 may include an array of sensitive pressure sensors (e.g., pressure sensing sensors implemented in a microelectromechanical system using capacitance or resistance) that determine blood pressure data by detecting slight pressure changes on the surface of the body 11.
[0067] The blood pressure simulation fluid supply device 40 is connected to the bionic blood vessel 12 and is configured to input a working fluid for simulating blood pressure into the bionic blood vessel 12. The blood pressure simulation fluid supply device 40 can precisely control the flow rate, pressure, and other parameters of the working fluid input into the bionic blood vessel 12 according to the needs of simulating blood pressure, and can also control other parameters such as temperature and viscosity.
[0068] The blood pressure simulation fluid supply device 40 can drive the circulation of working fluid relative to the bionic blood vessel 12. Parameters such as flow rate and pressure can be adjusted as needed, and the working fluid can be circulated for short or long periods.
[0069] The first processor 50 is configured to process data based on the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 to establish a model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure of the bionic blood vessel 12.
[0070] The first processor 50 can communicate with the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 via wired or wireless means to receive data and issue commands. The first processor 50 may include one or more processing units, which may be general-purpose processors, such as CPUs, digital signal processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components, capable of implementing or executing the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this disclosure. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.
[0071] The internal and external blood pressure relationship model refers to the relationship model between the internal pressure of the bionic blood vessel 12 and the external pressure of the bionic blood vessel 12, which is referred to here as the internal and external blood pressure relationship model.
[0072] In this embodiment, a working fluid for simulating blood pressure is input into the bionic blood vessels of the bionic human body component through a blood pressure simulation fluid supply device. Blood pressure is sensed by an invasive pressure sensor built into the bionic blood vessel and a first non-invasive pressure sensor disposed outside the body. In this way, the processor can process the data based on the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and the first non-invasive pressure sensor to establish a model of the relationship between the internal and external blood pressure of the bionic blood vessel, thereby more accurately determining the relationship between the internal and external blood pressure and improving the accuracy of blood pressure detection.
[0073] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the timing control signal generated by the waveform control unit for simulating blood pressure fluctuations in an embodiment of the blood pressure simulation system according to the present disclosure.
[0074] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, in some embodiments, the blood pressure simulation fluid supply device 40 includes a waveform control unit 41 and a hydraulic source 42. The waveform control unit 41 is signal-connected to the first processor 50 and configured to generate a timing control signal for simulating blood pressure fluctuations according to instructions from the first processor 50. The hydraulic source 42 is signal-connected to the waveform control unit 41 and configured to supply working fluid to the bionic blood vessel 12 according to the timing control signal.
[0075] The waveform control unit 41 can generate timing control signals according to set parameters, such as the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal shown in Figure 3. By setting parameters such as the signal period and duty cycle, a timing control signal for simulating blood pressure fluctuations can be generated.
[0076] The waveform control unit 41 may include a pulse generator capable of generating PWM signals, or a signal generator capable of generating other waveforms (such as sine waves, square waves, triangle waves, or sawtooth waves).
[0077] The hydraulic source 42 can control the pressure, flow rate, or velocity of the working fluid input to the bionic blood vessel 12 according to the timing control signal provided by the waveform control unit 41. The hydraulic source 42 may include a hydraulic pump, a fluid container (e.g., an oil tank), a hydraulic flow path, and hydraulic valves. The suction port of the hydraulic pump is connected to the fluid container, and the discharge port is connected to the hydraulic flow path. By starting the hydraulic pump, the working fluid in the oil tank is drawn in and discharged into the hydraulic flow path. The hydraulic flow path is connected to the bionic blood vessel, and the hydraulic valve can be installed on the hydraulic flow path to control the on / off state of the hydraulic flow path, as well as the flow rate or pressure.
[0078] The hydraulic valve 42 may include a proportional solenoid valve or an electro-hydraulic servo valve. A timing control signal is input to the proportional solenoid valve or the electro-hydraulic servo valve to change the pressure or flow rate of the working fluid entering the biomimetic blood vessel through the hydraulic flow path.
[0079] In this embodiment, a working fluid simulating human blood is input through a hydraulic source 42, and a timing control signal simulating blood pressure fluctuations is input to the hydraulic source 42 through a waveform control unit 41. This allows the working fluid flowing in the bionic blood vessel to more effectively simulate the effect of actual human blood flowing in the corresponding part and generating blood pressure, which helps to determine a more reliable and accurate relationship between internal and external blood pressure.
[0080] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of blood pressure waveforms sensed by an invasive pressure sensor and a first non-invasive pressure sensor, respectively, in an embodiment of the blood pressure simulation system according to the present disclosure.
[0081] Referring to Figure 4, in some embodiments, the first processor 50 is configured to, in each sampling period, determine a first correspondence between the first blood pressure peak values PAp1, PAp2, PAp3, ..., PApn corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the second blood pressure peak values PBp1, PBp2, PBp3, ..., PBpn corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30, and to determine a second correspondence between the first pressure valley values PAv1, PAv2, PAv3, ..., PAvn corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the second pressure valley values PBv1, PBv2, PBv3, ..., PBvn corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30, and to establish an internal and external blood pressure relationship model of the bionic blood vessel 12 based on the first and second correspondences in each sampling period.
[0082] The first processor 50 can plot the pulse waveform based on the sensing data from the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30. In each sampling period, due to differences in the placement and operating principles of the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30, the sensing data from the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 may not correspond in time.
[0083] The peak and trough blood pressure values corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 exhibit a certain correspondence, which allows for the establishment of a relationship between them. Accordingly, the sampling times of the corresponding first and second blood pressure peaks can be the same or different.
[0084] In Figure 4(a), the first blood pressure peak values PAp1, PAp2, PAp3, ..., PApn in each sampling period are determined sequentially from left to right. Here, PAp1 refers to the first blood pressure peak value corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor 20 in the i-th sampling period, i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n, where n is a positive integer.
[0085] In Figure 4(b), the second blood pressure peaks PBp1, PBp2, PBp3, ..., PBpn in each sampling period are determined sequentially from left to right. Here, PBpj refers to the first blood pressure peak corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 in the j-th sampling period, j = 1, 2, 3, ..., n, where n is a positive integer.
[0086] Based on the first blood pressure peak values PAP1, PAP2, PAP3, ..., PAPn and the second blood pressure peak values PBp1, PBp2, PBp3, ..., PBpn, multiple sets of first correspondences (PAp1, PBp1), (PAp2, PBp2), (PAp3, PBp3), ..., (PApn, PBpn) can be obtained.
[0087] Based on the first blood pressure trough values PAv1, PAv2, PAv3, ..., PAvn and the second blood pressure trough values PBv1, PBv2, PBv3, ..., PBvn, multiple sets of second correspondences (PAv1, PBv1), (PAv2, PBv2), (PAv3, PBv3), ..., (PAvn, PBvn) can be obtained.
[0088] Based on the first correspondence (PAp1, PBp1), (PAp2, PBp2), (PAp3, PBp3), ..., (PApn, PBpn) and the second correspondence (PAv1, PBv1), (PAv2, PBv2), (PAv3, PBv3), ..., (PAvn, PBvn), a model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure of the biomimetic blood vessel 12 can be established.
[0089] Based on the first and second correspondences mentioned above, the internal and external blood pressure relationship model can be obtained by fitting at least one of various modeling methods (such as linear regression, multinomial regression, neural networks, etc.). The modeling process of linear regression is illustrated in the following examples of the blood pressure relationship model establishment method, and will not be detailed here.
[0090] In this embodiment, by establishing the first and second correspondences under each sampling period, a model of the internal and external blood pressure relationship of the biomimetic blood vessel can be established. This model allows for further research to better understand the flow of blood within the human body. The internal and external blood pressure relationship model can also be used for actual blood pressure testing, enabling the acquisition of blood pressure measurement results that more closely approximate those of invasive blood measurement devices without the need for such equipment.
[0091] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the blood pressure testing device according to the present disclosure.
[0092] Referring to Figure 5, in another aspect of this disclosure, a blood pressure testing device is provided, including a second non-invasive pressure sensor 60 and a second processor 70. The second processor 70 is configured to input the measured blood pressure value of the subject obtained by the second non-invasive pressure sensor 60 into an internal and external blood pressure relationship model established by the blood pressure simulation system of the aforementioned embodiment, in order to obtain the corresponding internal blood pressure value.
[0093] The second non-invasive pressure sensor 60 may include an array pressure sensor 31 attached to the outer surface of the body part, for example, located on the arm near the wrist, to detect radial artery blood pressure at that location.
[0094] The second processor 70 can communicate with the second non-invasive pressure sensor 60 via wired or wireless means to receive data and issue commands. The second processor 70 may include one or more processing units, which may be general-purpose processors, such as CPUs, digital signal processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components, capable of implementing or executing the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this disclosure. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.
[0095] The model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure can be pre-stored in the second processor 70 or in memory accessible by the second processor 70.
[0096] By inputting the measured blood pressure value of the subject into the blood pressure simulation system to establish an internal and external blood pressure relationship model, the internal blood pressure value corresponding to the measurement inside the blood vessel by the invasive pressure sensor can be further calculated through this model.
[0097] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the blood pressure relationship model establishment method according to the present disclosure.
[0098] Based on any embodiment of the blood pressure simulation system described above, this disclosure also provides a corresponding method for establishing a blood pressure relationship model. Referring to Figure 6, the method for establishing the blood pressure relationship model includes steps S1, S2, and S3.
[0099] In step S1, working fluid for simulating blood pressure is supplied to the bionic blood vessel 12 through the blood pressure simulation fluid supply device 40.
[0100] In step S2, the internal pressure of the bionic blood vessel 12 is sensed by the invasive pressure sensor 20, and the external pressure of the bionic blood vessel 12 is sensed by the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30.
[0101] In step S3, data processing is performed based on the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 to establish a model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure of the bionic blood vessel 12.
[0102] Steps S1, S2, and S3 can be executed by the first processor 50. Steps S2 and S3 can be executed while step S1 is still in progress. The data processing in step S3 can be based on the data after multiple sampling cycles in step S2.
[0103] In this embodiment, a working fluid for simulating blood pressure is input into the bionic blood vessels in the bionic human body component through a blood pressure simulation fluid supply device. Blood pressure is sensed by an invasive pressure sensor built into the bionic blood vessel and a first non-invasive pressure sensor disposed outside the body. This allows for data processing based on the sensing data from the invasive pressure sensor and the first non-invasive pressure sensor to establish a model of the relationship between the internal and external blood pressure of the bionic blood vessel, thereby more accurately determining the relationship between the internal and external blood pressure and improving the accuracy of blood pressure detection.
[0104] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of fitting a univariate linear regression model according to an embodiment of the blood pressure relationship model establishment method of the present disclosure. Figure 8 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the blood pressure relationship model establishment method of the present disclosure.
[0105] Referring to Figures 2 and 8, in some embodiments, the blood pressure simulation fluid supply device 40 includes a waveform control unit 41 signal-connected to the first processor 50 and a hydraulic source 42 signal-connected to the waveform control unit 41. Accordingly, the step of inputting working fluid for simulating blood pressure to the bionic blood vessel 12 through the blood pressure simulation fluid supply device 40 (i.e., step S1) includes steps S11 and S12.
[0106] In step S11, the waveform control unit 41 generates a timing control signal for simulating blood pressure fluctuations. The first processor 50 may issue instructions to the waveform control unit 41 so that the waveform control unit 41 generates the timing control signal for simulating blood pressure fluctuations.
[0107] In step S12, the hydraulic source 42 inputs working fluid to the bionic blood vessel 12 according to the timing control signal. The first processor 50 can control the flow rate or pressure of the working fluid input to the bionic blood vessel 12 according to the received timing control signal, so that it conforms to the timing control signal.
[0108] In this embodiment, a working fluid simulating human blood is input through a hydraulic source 42, and a timing control signal simulating blood pressure fluctuations is input to the hydraulic source 42 through a waveform control unit 41. This allows the working fluid flowing in the bionic blood vessel to more effectively simulate the effect of actual human blood flowing in the corresponding part and generating blood pressure, which helps to determine a more reliable and accurate relationship between internal and external blood pressure.
[0109] Referring to FIG8, in some embodiments, the step of data processing based on the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30 (i.e., step S3) includes steps S31 and S32.
[0110] In step S31, at each sampling period, a first correspondence is determined between the first blood pressure peak value corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the second blood pressure peak value corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30, and a second correspondence is determined between the first pressure valley value corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor 20 and the second pressure valley value corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor 30.
[0111] In step S32, a model of the internal and external blood pressure relationship of the bionic blood vessel 12 is established based on the first correspondence and the second correspondence under each sampling period.
[0112] In this embodiment, by establishing the first and second correspondences under each sampling period, a model of the internal and external blood pressure relationship of the biomimetic blood vessel can be established. This model allows for further research to better understand the flow of blood within the human body. The internal and external blood pressure relationship model can also be used for actual blood pressure testing, enabling the acquisition of blood pressure measurement results that more closely approximate those of invasive blood measurement devices without the need for such equipment.
[0113] Referring to Figure 7, in some embodiments, the step of establishing the internal and external blood pressure relationship model of the biomimetic blood vessel 12 based on the first correspondence and the second correspondence under each sampling period (i.e., step S32) includes: determining a first voltage mapping relationship between the output voltage of the invasive pressure sensor and the output voltage of the first non-invasive pressure sensor based on the first correspondence; determining a second voltage mapping relationship between the output voltage of the invasive pressure sensor and the output voltage of the first non-invasive pressure sensor based on the second correspondence; and fitting the first voltage mapping relationship and the second voltage mapping relationship under each sampling period using the least squares method to obtain a univariate linear regression model.
[0114] In Figure 7, the horizontal and vertical axes represent the output voltages of the invasive pressure sensor and the first non-invasive pressure sensor, respectively, both in volts (V). Based on the first and second correspondences in step S31, the voltage relationship between the peak and valley positions of the two sensors in the same period can be determined. These relationships are then fitted using the least squares method to obtain a univariate linear regression model. The circles in the figure represent data points, which can form the curve shape shown in Figure 7. It can be seen that the curve approximates a straight line, thus fitting an example of a univariate function y = 1.4502x - 0.0037653.
[0115] The internal and external blood pressure relationship model can include a univariate linear regression model. When the measured blood pressure value of the subject is obtained, the output voltage of the second non-invasive pressure sensor corresponding to the blood pressure value can be input into the univariate linear regression model to calculate the corresponding voltage value, and then the corresponding internal blood pressure value can be determined based on the voltage value.
[0116] This specification describes multiple embodiments in a progressive manner, with each embodiment having a different focus. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the embodiment of the blood pressure relationship model establishment method, since its overall structure and involved steps correspond to the content in the blood pressure simulation system embodiment, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to in the description of the system embodiment.
[0117] The embodiments of this disclosure have now been described in detail. To avoid obscuring the concept of this disclosure, some details known in the art have not been described. Those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solutions disclosed herein based on the above description.
[0118] While specific embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. The scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A blood pressure simulation system, comprising: A biomimetic human body component, comprising a body and biomimetic blood vessels located within the body; An invasive pressure sensor, embedded in the bionic blood vessel, is configured to sense the internal pressure of the bionic blood vessel; A first non-invasive pressure sensor is disposed on the surface of the body and configured to sense the external pressure of the biomimetic blood vessel; A blood pressure simulation fluid supply device, connected to the bionic blood vessel, is configured to supply the bionic blood vessel with a working fluid for simulating blood pressure. and A first processor is configured to process data based on sensing data from the invasive pressure sensor and the first non-invasive pressure sensor to establish a model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure in the biomimetic blood vessel.
2. The blood pressure simulation system according to claim 1, wherein, The first processor is configured to, in each sampling period, determine a first correspondence between the first blood pressure peak value corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and the second blood pressure peak value corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor, and determine a second correspondence between the first pressure trough value corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and the second pressure trough value corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor, and establish a model of the internal and external blood pressure relationship of the bionic blood vessel based on the first and second correspondences in each sampling period.
3. The blood pressure simulation system according to claim 1, wherein, The bionic human body parts include at least one of the following: bionic arm, bionic leg, and bionic neck.
4. The blood pressure simulation system according to claim 3, wherein, The bionic blood vessels include at least one of the following: the radial artery of the bionic arm, the brachial artery of the bionic arm, the femoral artery of the bionic leg, and the carotid artery of the bionic neck.
5. The blood pressure simulation system according to claim 1, wherein, The blood pressure simulation fluid supply device includes: A waveform control unit, connected to the first processor, is configured to generate a timing control signal for simulating blood pressure fluctuations according to instructions from the first processor. A hydraulic power source, signal-connected to the waveform control unit, is configured to input working fluid into the bionic blood vessel according to the timing control signal.
6. The blood pressure simulation system according to claim 1, wherein, The first non-invasive pressure sensor includes an array of pressure sensors attached to the outer surface of the body.
7. The blood pressure simulation system according to claim 1, wherein, The invasive pressure sensor includes a medical-grade built-in blood pressure sensor.
8. A blood pressure testing device, comprising: Second non-invasive pressure sensor; The second processor is configured to input the measured blood pressure value of the subject from the second non-invasive pressure sensor. The blood pressure simulation system according to any one of claims 1-7 establishes an internal and external blood pressure relationship model to obtain the corresponding internal blood pressure value.
9. A method for establishing a blood pressure relationship model for a blood pressure simulation system according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising: The blood pressure simulation fluid supply device supplies working fluid for simulating blood pressure to the bionic blood vessel. The internal pressure of the bionic blood vessel is sensed by the invasive pressure sensor, and the external pressure of the bionic blood vessel is sensed by the first non-invasive pressure sensor. Data processing is performed based on the sensing data from the invasive pressure sensor and the first non-invasive pressure sensor to establish a model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure in the biomimetic blood vessel.
10. The method for establishing a blood pressure relationship model according to claim 9, wherein, The steps for processing data from the invasive pressure sensor and the first non-invasive pressure sensor to establish a model of the relationship between intravascular and extravascular blood pressure in the biomimetic blood vessel include: In each sampling period, a first correspondence is determined between the first blood pressure peak value corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and the second blood pressure peak value corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor, and a second correspondence is determined between the first pressure valley value corresponding to the sensing data of the invasive pressure sensor and the second pressure valley value corresponding to the sensing data of the first non-invasive pressure sensor. A model of the relationship between internal and external blood pressure in the biomimetic blood vessel is established based on the first and second correspondences under each sampling period.
11. The method for establishing a blood pressure relationship model according to claim 10, wherein, The steps for establishing the blood pressure relationship model between the inside and outside of the biomimetic blood vessel based on the first and second correspondences under each sampling period include: A first voltage mapping relationship is determined between the output voltage of the invasive pressure sensor and the output voltage of the first non-invasive pressure sensor based on the first correspondence relationship; A second voltage mapping relationship between the output voltage of the invasive pressure sensor and the output voltage of the first non-invasive pressure sensor is determined based on the second correspondence. The first voltage mapping relationship and the second voltage mapping relationship under each sampling period are fitted by the least squares method to obtain a univariate linear regression model.
12. The method for establishing a blood pressure relationship model according to claim 9, wherein, The blood pressure simulation fluid supply device includes: a waveform control unit connected to the first processor and a hydraulic source connected to the waveform control unit; The step of supplying the working fluid for simulating blood pressure to the bionic blood vessel through the blood pressure simulation fluid supply device includes: The waveform control unit generates a timing control signal to simulate blood pressure fluctuations; The hydraulic source supplies working fluid to the bionic blood vessel according to the timing control signal.