Precision pollinator with controllable pollen output and extendable tubes

Abstract

The Precision Pollinator with Controllable Pollen Output comprises a nozzle body (11) with an air passage (12) and connection point (13); a pollen reservoir (16); a metering mechanism; and a paddle-based pollen separation mechanism (20). The mechanism (20) includes a main frame (21), an actuating connecting rod (22), an intermediate connection piece (28), pollen flow control blocks (30, 31), an exit groove (35), a guide plate (34), and a spring (32). An actuator operates the mechanism to dispense a measured pollen quantity. The air passage (12) creates a vacuum in the exit groove (35) to entrain pollen into an airstream. A telescopic distribution tube assembly (50) then directs this airstream toward a plant.

Description

DescriptionTitle of Invention : Precision Pollinator with Controllable Pollen Output and Extendable Tubes |Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of biomechanics, agriculture, and horticulture, particularly to pollination equipment, spraying devices, and fine particle distribution machinery used in the agricultural sector.Background Art

[0002] The following background information may present examples of specific aspects of the prior art that, while expected to be helpful to further educate the reader as to additional aspects of the prior art, is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, or any embodiments thereof, to anything stated or implied therein or inferred thereupon

[0003] The pollination process of date palm trees is one of the most crucial, delicate, and costly procedures carried out annually in palm groves within a specific time frame. Various methods are used for pollinating date palms, which are outlined below:

[0004] 1. Traditional Pollination

[0005] In this method, during the pollination period (which varies by region, typically from the first week of March to the first week of May), workers climb the palm trees and manually place the male flowers between the female clusters. Since the spathes of each palm tree do not open simultaneously, this operation must be performed at least three times per tree during the pollination season.

[0006] 2. Mechanized Pollination - Tractor-Based

[0007] In this method, a pollen reservoir and a spraying tube are mounted on a tractor. As the tractor moves through the palm grove, pollen is sprayed onto the trees. While this method increases pollination speed and operational capacity depending on the system used, it also leads to significant pollen consumption and wastage.

[0008] 3. Mechanized Pollination - Electric-Based

[0009] In recent years, various types of electric pollinators have been developed. The core components of these devices typically include a rechargeable electric battery, a small pollen reservoir, a blower, and multiple interconnected tubes designed to extend the device to match the height of the palm tree. In this type of pollinator, the electric battery powers the blower, which generates an airflow within the pollen reservoir located at the top of the tubes and at the base of the final tube (the spraying pole).

[0010] Various types of wheelbarrow-based pollinators have been developed, all of which include the following main components: a gasoline engine, a compressed air tank, an air transfer hose, a pollen reservoir, and pollen transfer tubes. In these pollinators, a gasoline engine and compressor generate compressed air in the tank, which then transports the pollen through the pollen transfer tubes to be sprayed onto the female spathes. The large tank capacity, gasoline engine, and wheelbarrow chassis, which provides space for component placement, are among the advantages of using this type of pollinator.

[0011] The results of various studies comparing traditional, mechanical, and electrical pollination methods indicate that the average fruit set rate achieved using traditional, mechanical, and electrical pollination methods was 64.94%, 62.04%, and 68.12%, respectively, showing no significant difference in tree fertilization across these methods. However, it is evident that mechanical and electrical pollination methods enable a higher number of trees to be pollinated in less time with reduced labor, leading to greater cost-effectiveness and improved production efficiency.

[0012] The PCT App.No WO / 2021 / 130662 A1 , entitled "MOTORIZED POLLINATOR AND METHODS OF USE FOR ASSISTED AND ARTIFICIAL POLLINATION", relates to a device for artificial pollination of oil palm trees. Its main components include a motor, a battery, a solar panel, a storage tank for holding pollen, and an integrated tube for transferring pollen from the tank to the flowers. The innovation of this invention lies in the use of a tube with a hook-shaped end for opening stem brackets and a charge regulator.

[0013] The US.Pat.NO. 11992003 B1 entitled "Pneumatic sprayer for palm trees", pertains to a spraying device for palm trees. This device includes the followingcomponents: an air tank; a one-way valve with an inlet port and an outlet port, where the air tank’s outlet is connected to the inlet port of the one-way valve; a compressor connected to the one-way valve; a pressure regulator connected to the air tank that controls the output air pressure; an output tank connected to the outlet port of the one-way valve; and a spraying device connected to the output tank.

[0014] US11602761 B1 and its continuation US12053793B1 disclose a storage container, discharge nozzle inline with a blower airstream, and a flow regulator for selectively adjusting product feed into the moving air stream, mapping generically to powdered products such as pollen.

[0015] US Pat.NO.9433161 B2 teaches dispensing known pollen with field sprayers for controlled pollination, and US11641817B2 teaches air nozzles that release and transport pollen to receiving rows, demonstrating air-conveyed pollen delivery for crop pollination at field scale.

[0016] It is essential to highlight that pollen is a living cell, and its transfer system and mechanism are significantly different from those of chemical substances such as pesticides. In sprayers and similar mechanisms, the focus is on accelerating the spraying process and ensuring proper distribution of the pesticide.Summary of Invention

[0017] The invention relates to an automated pollen distribution device designed to improve the efficiency and precision of plant pollination, particularly for crops such as palms and pistachios. The device integrates several subsystems that work together to store, preserve, meter, and disperse pollen in a controlled and uniform manner.

[0018] At its core, the system includes a pollen storage and preservation chamber equipped with temperature and humidity regulation to maintain pollen viability. Connected to this chamber is a metering and spraying mechanism that uses a screw or vibratory feeder and an atomizing nozzle to create a fine aerosol of pollen. An anti-clogging mechanism, such as an ultrasonic agitator, prevents pollen accumulation and ensures consistent discharge.

[0019] The amount of pollen released is regulated by a volumetric flow-rate control unit that includes micro-valves and sensors monitoring factors like airflow,humidity, and pollen density. These parameters are managed by an electronic controller that dynamically adjusts the discharge rate for optimal performance. The air supply and propulsion unit generates a laminar air stream to carry the pollen toward the plant canopy, using adjustable-speed fans, diffusers, and variable-geometry nozzles to direct flow precisely.

[0020] An automated control module integrates all subsystems through a programmable controller. This module allows the operator to set target pollen quantities, coverage patterns, and airspeed, and can automatically adjust spray angles or flow based on canopy geometry or external data such as GPS and LiDAR inputs. The device may also include wireless connectivity for remote monitoring and control.

[0021] Overall, the system provides a highly automated, precise, and adaptive approach to pollination, ensuring consistent pollen application while minimizing waste, preserving pollen quality, and reducing labor requirements in large-scale agricultural operations.Technical Problem

[0022] Conventional pollination devices suffer from significant deficiencies that hinder their efficiency. The present invention focuses on addressing these technical challenges, which include:

[0023] (A) Inefficient Pollen Utilization Due to Additive Separation

[0024] Since pollen (especially palm and pistachio pollen) is expensive and scarce, it is often mixed with additives. In this process, the outer layer of the pollen grain is separated, dried, and powdered before being blended with pure pollen. However, due to the difference in particle size between the additives and the pollen, and the easier passage of pure pollen through the nozzle channels, trees at the beginning of the pollination process receive higher-quality pollination than others. In other words, the pure pollen separates from the additive during transportation and distribution, resulting in only additives and dried flower powder remaining in the storage tanks at the end of the process.

[0025] (B) Uncontrolled Pollen Dispersion

[0026] Another major issue is the inability to regulate the amount of pollen released with each activation of the nozzle by the operator. In conventional nozzles, if the operator unintentionally keeps the activation pin pressed, excessive pollen is wasted. Additionally, the amount of pollen dispersed to each tree is inconsistent, leading to some trees receiving more pollen than necessary while others receive less. The present device addresses this issue by incorporating a paddle mechanism for controlled pollen separation and a vacuum mechanism to efficiently transfer the pollen-additive mixture.

[0027] (C) Pollen Damage and Reduced Fertility

[0028] A third problem is the damage and breakage of pollen grains (as demonstrated in the attached microscopic images). Pollen, being a living cell, can suffer mechanical damage, dehydration, and temperature fluctuations as it moves through the spray tubes. This reduces its viability and, consequently, the efficiency of the pollination process. The present invention overcomes this challenge by eliminating conventional bolted connections and introducing a telescopic distribution tube mechanism, ensuring a smooth and uniform pollen flow path.

[0029] Innovative Pollination Device

[0030] The invention introduces a specialized pollination device incorporating novel solutions to the aforementioned challenges. The device features a paddle mechanism for controlled pollen separation, followed by a vacuum system that directs the separated pollen into an interconnected network of carbon tubes. To prevent tube collapse, a polyurethane washer is placed at the end of each tube, ensuring that if one tube fails, only that specific tube is deactivated while the others remain functional.Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0031] The device introduced in the present invention has the following advantages over conventional pollination and spraying devices:

[0032] The mechanism of pollen transfer and distribution in the present patent has been designed to minimize damage to the pollen due to mechanical impact and temperature fluctuations. This improvement is achieved by changing the mechanism of pollen separation and introducing telescopic nested tubes. In thepresent device, the pollination process is carried out automatically and more efficiently, resulting in an improvement in the quality of the pollination process, which positively impacts production and productivity in horticulture and agriculture. The advanced nozzle spray mechanism ensures the separation of a specific amount of pollen and enables a more uniform and precise distribution of pollen on the plants. The device allows for more precise adjustment and better control of the amount and method of pollen distribution, thanks to its paddle mechanism. The device includes a paddle-based pollen separation mechanism, addressing the issues found in conventional devices, such as clogging and pollen stickiness. The air suction mechanism, which creates a relative vacuum, is introduced as a solution for transferring pollen. Unlike conventional mechanisms, in this system, the connection between the pollen reservoir and the pollen passage is broken during the paddle's return to its original position, preventing air flow within the reservoir from causing turbulence and damage to the pollen. The telescopic tubes, designed to collapse, solve the issues related to vibration and the heavy weight of the tubes. Additionally, they are long enough to allow access to tall trees. Due to its paddle separation mechanism, the device can transfer various types of pollen from different trees or agricultural substances such as pesticides.Brief Description of Drawings

[0033] The figures are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the precise form disclosed. It should be understood that the invention can be practiced with modification and alteration, and that it is limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.

[0034] [Fig.1 shows a view of the pollination device assembly in the field.

[0035] Fig. 2 shows a view of the pollen spraying nozzle.

[0036] Fig. 3 shows a view of the body of the nozzle.

[0037] Fig. 4 shows a view of the connecting rod of the actuator.

[0038] Fig. 5 shows a view of the motion of the connecting rod of the actuator in two states and the process of activating the paddle-type pollen separator mechanism.

[0039] Fig. 6, shows a view of the paddle-type pollen separator mechanism.

[0040] Fig. 7, shows a cross-sectional view of the paddle-type pollen separator mechanism.

[0041] Fig. 8, shows a view of the pollen distribution tube assembly with a telescopic mechanism.

[0042] Fig. 9, shows details of the pollen distribution tubes with a telescopic mechanism.

[0043] Fig. 10, shows an exaggerated view of the conical shape of the nested tubes.

[0044] Fig. 11 , shows a view of the components of the air compressor.

[0045] Fig. 12 shows the overall assembly configuration comprising the screw feeder, cylinder-piston unit, and air-flow mechanism.

[0046] Fig. 13 depicts the redesigned cylindrical pollen storage tank with a tapered outlet.

[0047] Fig. 15 presents a cross-section showing the pollen transfer path and screwtype flow-rate adjustment.

[0048] Fig. 16 details the internal arrangement of the cylinder and piston assembly with its stepped chambers and air-pollen inlets.

[0049] Fig. 17 provides an enlarged view of the piston structure with its needle- shaped head, axial airflow channel, and return spring.]Description of Embodiments

[0050] Before the present invention is disclosed and described, it is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. The terms “a” or “an,” as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. The term “another,” as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and / or “having,” as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e. , open language).

[0051] The present document pertains to a device designed for pollen distribution (pollination). These devices are primarily used for pollinating palm and pistachio orchards; however, their application is not limited to these crops and can extend to the distribution of pollen for various plant species. By utilizing this device, the pollination process is carried out more efficiently and automatically, leading toimproved product quality and reduced labor requirements. This, in turn, positively impacts agricultural productivity and efficiency.

[0052] Figure 1 illustrates the pollen distribution device (1 ) disclosed in this document. As shown in the figures, the device consists of several main components, including a nozzle (10), a distribution tube assembly (50), and an air compressor (40). The schematic diagrams in this document represent only one embodiment of the invention, and the descriptions provided refer to its various embodiments. These illustrations serve solely to clarify the device's functionality, and the drawings do not impose any limitations on the final design or component placement.

[0053] Advanced Nozzle Mechanism and Pollen Distribution Sensitivity

[0054] One of the key features of this device is the advanced spraying nozzle mechanism (10), which ensures a uniform and precise distribution of pollen onto the target plants. This mechanism includes components that regulate both the amount and distribution pattern of pollen, providing greater precision and better control over the pollination process.

[0055] Pollen and the Sensitivity of Its Distribution

[0056] Pollen is a living cell that functions as the male gamete in flowering plants. Each pollen grain contains one or more cells that carry genetic material essential for plant reproduction. Typically, pollen grains consist of two or three cells, including a generative cell and one or two sperm cells. These grains are enclosed by a hard outer shell known, which provides protection.

[0057] It is important to note that this protective shell separates from the living cell during the pollination process, making the pollen cell highly vulnerable. As the pollen travels through the spraying tubes, it is exposed to mechanical impact, dryness, and temperature fluctuations, which can cause damage. In most pollination processes, the pollen cell is mixed with a fine powder from the flower (e.g., palm flower powder that contains pollen) and placed into the pollen reservoir, which serves as the input for the spraying nozzle (10).

[0058] For successful pollination, the pollen must reach the target intact. However, as it moves through the tubes, it faces potential damage due to mechanicalcollisions with tube walls and temperature variations. Notably, the pollen cell remains viable only up to a maximum temperature of 43°C.

[0059] Main Components of the Pollen Spraying Nozzle (10)

[0060] The following section describes the primary components of the pollen spraying nozzle (10), their functions, and their interconnections.

[0061] 1. Device Body (1 1 ):

[0062] The device body is shown in Fig. 2. is either a cast metal piece or an injection- molded ABS plastic structure, onto which other nozzle components are mounted. The body includes various joints and sections, such as:

[0063] Passage (12)

[0064] Connection point (13) to the air compressor,

[0065] Pin placement area (14) for the two-position pin,

[0066] Slot (15) for inserting the actuator connecting rod,

[0067] 2. Pollen Reservoir (16):

[0068] The pollen reservoir (16) in one embodiment of this invention is a cylindrical chamber that narrows towards the bottom, ending in a rectangular-section (17). At the bottom of the reservoir, a mechanism is implemented to release a precise amount of pollen per spray cycle.

[0069] Paddle-Based Pollen Separation Mechanism (20):

[0070] Common Pollen Separation Mechanisms:

[0071] Traditional pollen reservoirs available in the market are simple cylindrical containers that are directly connected to a nozzle (spray gun) at the bottom. The top section of these reservoirs has a single opening, and no control mechanism exists for regulating or separating pollen. As long as the operator holds the spray pin, pollen is released continuously and uncontrollably.

[0072] Paddle-Type Pollen Separation Mechanism (20)

[0073] Common Pollen Separation Mechanisms:

[0074] Traditional pollen reservoirs in the prior art are typically simple cylindrical containers directly connected to a spray nozzle (pistol-type sprayer) at thebottom. These reservoirs have a hole at the top, and they lack any mechanism to control or separate pollen. As long as the operator presses the spray pin, pollen is automatically released.

[0075] A significant issue with this design is that pollen particles smaller than 200 micrometers tend to adhere to each other due to cohesion and electrostatic forces. These forces cause the pollen particles to form larger clumps. When these clumps pass through a 3 cm-diameter passage, increased adhesion and blockage disrupt the free flow of pollen.

[0076] The present invention introduces a paddle-type pollen separation mechanism (20), with the following main components as shown in Figs. 4&5:

[0077] Main Components of the Paddle-Type Pollen Separation Mechanism (20):

[0078] 1. Base or Main Frame (21 ):

[0079] The separation mechanism consists of a base or main frame (21 ), which is positioned directly below the pollen reservoir. All paddle mechanism components are mounted on this frame. In essence, the base (21 ) provides structural support and ensures the stability of the mechanism.

[0080] 2. Actuating Connecting Rod (22):

[0081] Unlike conventional single-piece connecting rods, the actuating rod (22) features a multi-section, multi-jointed design. The lower section (23) is a rodshaped component, with a flat plate (24) at its end. When the operator applies force to this rod, the paddle mechanism is activated. The upper section (25) is also rod-shaped, but its end features a grooved slot (26), which houses the intermediate connection piece.

[0082] The middle section (27) acts as a link between the upper and lower rod sections and is elliptically shaped with an angular design. This section enables the connection of two non-aligned rods. A hole in the middle of the elliptical piece accommodates a pin (19) that attaches the middle section to the frame. Due to this connection, the upper and lower rod sections move in opposite directions — when the lower section moves inward, the upper section moves outward.

[0083] This unique design allows the rod to be used in spaces requiring angular adjustments or limited movement, while not being restricted to this configuration.The connecting rod is made from high-strength, stress-resistant materials, such as aluminum.

[0084] 3. Intermediate Connection Piece (28):

[0085] In its primary embodiment, the intermediate connection piece is an oval plate with two holes. One side of this piece is inserted into the groove (26) of the upper section (25) of the connecting rod (22). The other side is screwed onto the terminal clamp (29).

[0086] 4. Pollen Flow Control Blocks (30 & 31 ):

[0087] This mechanism includes two blocks that regulate the volume of pollen released. The distance between these blocks determines the separated pollen volume. The pollen volume and block spacing can be adjusted using a screw.

[0088] As shown in Figs 6&7. The blocks (30 & 31 ) are connected to each other and the terminal clamp (29) via guide rods (33). In the initial state, the paddle mechanism components (including the blocks) are positioned under the pollen reservoir. The pollen-additive mixture enters the space between the two blocks.

[0089] During operation, when force is applied to the lower section of the actuating rod (22), the pollen flow control blocks (30 & 31 ) move forward in the opposite direction to the actuating rod to complete the separation process. The separated pollen-additive mixture is then directed into the exit groove.

[0090] 5. Exit Groove (35):

[0091] The exit groove (35) is a curved channel positioned on the main frame below block 30. The separated pollen particles pass through this groove and are directed into the pollen distribution tubes.

[0092] 6. Guide Plate (34):

[0093] To ensure that the guide rods (33) and control blocks (30 & 31 ) move along a fixed, straight path, a guide plate (34) is utilized.

[0094] This plate features two elliptical slots that secure the guide rods and prevent deviation from their path.

[0095] 7. Spring (32):

[0096] The spring (32) provides the necessary restoring force to return the paddle mechanism to its initial position after activation.

[0097] Pollen Distribution Mechanism

[0098] As previously mentioned, in the initial state, the blocks of the paddle mechanism are positioned beneath the pollen reservoir. When force is applied by pressing the handle (actuating connecting rod), the paddle mechanism is activated, moving forward to discharge pollen into the exit groove (35). In other words, the specified amount of pollen first falls from the pollen reservoir into the space between the blocks. Then, as the paddle assembly moves forward, the pollen enters the exit groove (35). To prevent pollen loss, the device is designed such that pressing the handle activates the paddle mechanism for pollen separation. Once this step is completed, pressing the pin activates the air suction mechanism. At the end of component(12), there are two holes:

[0099] The first hole allows compressed air from the compressor to enter the tube, directing airflow into the pipe.

[0100] The second hole connects to the pollen exit groove (35).

[0101] The high-pressure air stream passing through the first hole creates a vacuum in the pollen exit groove (35). This vacuum effect causes the pollen to be drawn into the tube and transported along with the airflow.

[0102] Air Suction Mechanism Activation

[0103] The air suction mechanism is activated when the pin is pressed, allowing compressed air from the compressor to enter the system. As the air flows at high velocity through the first hole, it creates a low-pressure zone near the pollen exit groove (35) due to the Venturi effect and Bernoulli’s principle. This pressure drop relative to the external atmospheric pressure results in a partial vacuum, which draws in air and any pollen particles nearby into the system. This suction effect occurs due to the pressure difference between the external environment and the inside of the tube. Once the pollen enters the tube, the compressed air stream carries it through the system toward the outlet tubing, where the airflow functions as a carrier medium.

[0104] Resetting the Mechanism

[0105] At the end of the process, when force is released from the handle (lower section of the actuating rod), the block assembly (30 & 31 ) returns to its original position at the bottom of the reservoir, beneath the pollen. This resets the device, making it ready for the next pollen transfer cycle.lt is important to note that when the paddle mechanism reaches the end of its forward movement, allowing pollen to enter the space between the blocks, the connection between the pollen reservoir and the exit groove (35) is completely sealed. This prevents high- pressure airflow from pushing pollen back into the reservoir, ensuring that the exact predetermined amount of pollen is transferred in each separation cycle.

[0106] Air Compressor (40)

[0107] In pollen spraying devices, the air compressor plays a key role in supplying compressed air for spraying pollen or similar materials. This document provides a detailed disclosure of this mechanism. The compressed air produced by the compressor is transferred through pipes and nozzles to disperse the pollen into the telescopic tube assembly.

[0108] As shown in Fig.10, the main components of the air compressor unit cpmprise:

[0109] Motor (42): A gasoline engine or electric dynamo that provides the necessary power for air compression.

[0110] Pump (43): Responsible for compressing the air and transferring it to the compressor tank (41 ).

[0111] Air Tank (41 ): Stores the compressed air generated by the pump to ensure continuous and regulated supply to the output equipment.

[0112] Air Filter: Removes particles and impurities from the air to ensure that clean and contamination-free air is delivered to the nozzle.

[0113] After operating for a certain time, the air temperature inside the compressor rises above 80°C. Since live pollen cells can only survive up to 43°C, a cooling system and moisture-absorbing filters are used. The moisture-absorbing filter (44) is custom-designed for this device; however, the technology behind these filters is already well-documented in patents and prior technical knowledge, making its functionality clear to experts in the field.

[0114] The air compressor in this invention is equipped with solid wheels (45) to allow smooth movement over uneven farmland surfaces without the risk of punctures.

[0115] As a result, with the airflow (compressed air thrust) generated by the compressor and the holes in the conduit component (12), a vacuum is created, drawing the pollen and additives into the distribution pipe.

[0116] Pollen Distribution Tube Assembly with Telescopic Mechanism (50)

[0117] As mentioned in the prior art section, in traditional methods, the operator was required to climb the height of the palm tree to carry out proper pollination. To address this issue, aluminum tubes were introduced; however, due to their heavy weight and vibration during operation, they were not widely adopted. These aluminum tubes were typically manufactured in four fixed-length segments of 1 .5 meters each, with a maximum total length of 6 meters. The connection mechanism between the tubes was based on bolts and nuts, which created pollen accumulation points, leading to localized clogging inside the tube.

[0118] In the present invention, to overcome the existing issues in pollen transfer tubes, a pollen distribution tube assembly with a telescopic mechanism is introduced, ensuring that the entire pathway from start to finish remains unobstructed. This assembly consists of several nested (interlocking) and conical tubes (a52 and more), designed to collapse into each other. The tubes are housed inside a cover tube, with a polyurethane washer placed at the end of each tube. Additionally, at the end of the tube assembly, there is a bushing (51 ), which is attached to the outlet duct (12) of the pollination device nozzle, serving as an interface between the two tube assemblies and the nozzle.

[0119] As mentioned earlier, the tubes are designed in a conical shape, with a wider end (tube inlet) and a narrower end (tube outlet). This design ensures that the outer diameter of the end of one tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the beginning of the next tube, allowing seamless connection.

[0120] The assembly and fitting of the tubes work as follows:

[0121] During connection, the wider end of an inner tube is inserted into the narrower end of the next outer tube.

[0122] This overlapping structure enables the tubes to fit telescopically within each other.

[0123] By pressing the inner tube into the outer tube, internal pressure is generated between the two conical surfaces.

[0124] This internal pressure acts as a gripping force, securing the tubes firmly together.

[0125] Challenges in Using Telescopic Tubes

[0126] A major challenge in industrial applications of telescopic tubes is that if the working pressure exceeds the internal gripping force, excessive force applied to one or more tubes may cause tube collapse. If a segment collapses, it will fall rapidly, striking the end of the cover with high impact, leading to tube breakage.

[0127] To solve this problem, a polymer washer (53), such as polyurethane, is installed on the circular cross-section at the end of each tube. This washer ensures that in case of tube collapse, only the affected tube retracts into the next tube, while the remaining tubes remain stable. In other words, it prevents the entire assembly from collapsing.

[0128] Due to the considerable height of the tube assembly when fully extended, the conductive nature of the tubes, and the risk of contact with power lines, there is a danger of electric shock. To mitigate this risk, the tube is coated with an insulating material (54).

[0129] The primary embodiment of telescopic tubes consists of ten tubes, each with an approximate length of 1 to 1 .5 meters, and a diameter difference of about 1 to 2 mm between consecutive tubes. The total tube length in different manufactured versions varies, including 8, 10, and 12 meters, but is not limited to these specific lengths, as the same mechanism can be used to produce different sizes. The telescopic tube assembly can be made of aluminum, fiberglass, or carbon fiber, without restriction to a specific material. Among the mentioned materials, carbon fiber tubes are significantly lighter than metallic tubes such as aluminum, with the total weight of the tube assembly being approximately 700 grams. Vibrations are minimized due to the special material composition, while maintaining the necessary flexibility for the pollination process.

[0130] Figure 12 shows a view of the assembly configuration of the pollen dispersal system in the second embodiment of the invention, with the general number (100). In this embodiment, the pollen spraying mechanism (20) and the volumetric flow rate control blocks (30) used in the first embodiment have been redesigned in terms of structure and function. They have been replaced with a combined set comprising a screw feeder mechanism (200) for continuous flow rate adjustment and a cylinder and piston mechanism (300) for controlled pollen transfer and displacement. This configuration change improves distribution accuracy and increases spraying uniformity under variable operational conditions. The number (100) in the second embodiment of the invention represents the entire pollen spray nozzle assembly. This assembly includes several mechanisms, among which are the helical or screw separation and feeding mechanism (200), responsible for supplying and transferring pollen in stages to the cylinder chamber; the pollen transfer cylinder and piston set (300), which performs the role of transferring pollen; and the air flow guidance mechanism (400), which, by controlling and managing the passage of compressed air, completes the process and ensures uniform pollen distribution. These components, interacting with each other, form an integrated structure and will be described separately and in detail subsequently.

[0131] According to Figure 13, in this embodiment of the invention, the device includes a cylindrical pollen storage tank (101 ) with a circular cross-section of constant diameter in its initial section, which undergoes a gradual reduction in diameter at its end section (102). This geometric feature facilitates the guidance and concentration of pollen material towards the discharge area and the dispersal nozzle. It is noteworthy that this design fundamentally differs from the configuration present in the first embodiment of the invention, where the pollen reservoir (16) terminated into a rectangular prism-shaped space (17). In the present embodiment, the diameter of the end section (102) of the reservoir (101 ) is reduced, continuously and concentrically, connecting to a cylindrical space which enables the precise installation of the pollen transfer and discharge mechanism.

[0132] According to the cross-sectional view in Fig. 12, following the transfer path of the pollen (2) from the cylindrical reservoir (101 ) and after passing through thepollen outlet passage (205) — which is directly connected to the next stage of the spraying process — the pollen enters the pollen transfer cylinder and piston assembly (300). As can be observed, the operation mechanism of the adjustment screw (203) is such that by turning it clockwise or counterclockwise, the longitudinal position of the screw along the axis of the hole (202) changes. This longitudinal displacement causes the tip of the screw to move inward or outward from the screw chamber, thereby decreasing or increasing the effective cross- sectional area of the pollen path in the outlet groove area (204). A decrease in the cross-sectional area reduces the volume of the flow and limits the output pollen flow rate, and conversely, an increase in the cross-sectional area increases the output flow rate.

[0133] Based on the cross-sectional view in Fig. 15, after passing through the storage reservoir (101 ) and the outlet passage (205), the pollen directly enters the pollen transfer cylinder and piston assembly (300) and is directed to the next stage of the spraying process.

[0134] Pollen Transfer Cylinder and Piston Assembly (300):

[0135] The function of the pollen transfer cylinder-piston assembly is to simultaneously receive the flow of pollen particles and the airflow and convert them into a controlled linear motion of the piston (303), which leads to the displacement and targeted guidance of the pollen particles from the input chamber to the output section of the system. According to Figure 15, in this configuration, two input flows are directed to the cylinder-piston transfer assembly: The first flow is the input air flow, indicated by a dashed arrow, and the second flow is a stream of pollen particles, indicated by a solid (filled) arrow; both flows are directed into the internal area of the assembly after entry. The first flow enables the second flow.The main components of this assembly include the piston (303), lower end cap (307), upper end cap (308), and return spring (306), all assembled and configured coaxially within the cylinder body. The cylinder body (301 ) has a generally cylindrical structure with a stepped internal crosssection, featuring three internal stepped grooves, numbered (302a) to (302c) respectively. These grooves are stepped such that at each step, the internal diameter of the cylinder cross-section decreases compared to the previous step. This arrangement is fully discernible in the cross-sectional views. In mechanicaloperation, these internal stepped grooves (302a to 302c) act as staged stopping points and resistive barriers against the linear motion of the piston (303), such that the displacement of the piston from one position to a higher one is only possible by overcoming the applied force, primarily from fluid pressure. Thus, the piston's movement path is regulated in a controlled, step-by-step manner.

[0136] According to Fig. 16, the piston (303), which is specifically designed for this assembly and whose primary function is to block the pollen path, features a narrow, needle-shaped head (304) at its top section. This design aims to guide the airflow and reduce air resistance. Along the central axis of this part, a longitudinal groove or channel (305) is incorporated, responsible for allowing controlled airflow through the piston. This channel is designed to enable continuous air transfer from the upstream to the downstream section, under both low and high flow rate conditions. In a high-pressure flow state, the force resulting from the pressure difference across the piston causes the piston to displace under an axial force.

[0137] According to Figs 14&15, a compression spring (306) is axially mounted on the head section of the piston (304), such that the free end of this spring rests against the inner wall of the cylinder (301). The main function of this spring is to return the piston to its initial retracted position after the end of an operation cycle.

[0138] To ensure electrical safety and eliminate the risk of electric shock from contact between the system's metal components (such as the aluminum nozzle handle) and conductive carbon fiber lines, a Teflon end cap (308) is installed at the top section of the cylinder assembly (301 ). This cap, with its insulating properties, prevents the formation of an electrical conduction path between the mentioned components and plays a direct safety role in the structure of the second embodiment. In contrast, the lower end cap (307) is also made of Teflon but lacks an electrical safety function; it solely handles conventional mechanical duties including covering, sealing, and mechanically retaining the components.

[0139] In the structure of the piston (303) movement mechanism inside the cylinder (301 ), the compression spring (306) with a reduced force is used alongside a magnet (309) in the cylinder's lower end cap. This magnet acts as a resistance factor against the free movement or upward movement of the piston under lowpressure. This magnetic resistance, during both continuous and intermittent airflow, prevents the premature initiation of piston movement under low flow rates and causes a controlled delay in the start of movement. During this delay period, the pollen present in the flow path enters the internal space of the cylinder, and after the entry is completed, the piston performs a complete discharge of the pollen in the next movement cycle.

[0140] Air Flow Control Mechanism (400):

[0141] The Air Flow Control Mechanism (400) in the second embodiment of the invention is responsible for regulating the passage of compressed air from the compressor unit to the pollen transfer cylinder and piston assembly (300) and finally to the nozzle output section. This mechanism is designed to allow the device's operation mode to be changed between three states: Off, Intermittent Air Transfer, and Continuous Air Transfer. It enables the operator to precisely and purposefully control the rate and manner of pollen dispersal according to operational conditions.

[0142] The main components of the air flow control mechanism include a control lever or trigger (401 ), a pin (402), a retainer (403), a housing or holder chamber (404), sealing O-rings (405), a return spring (406), and internal air flow guide grooves (407).

[0143] The control lever or trigger (401 ) acts as the user's direct interface with the mechanism. By applying pressure, the operator provides the force necessary for the axial displacement of the pin (402). The intensity of the pressure applied to this lever determines the operational state of the system: partial pressure opens secondary passages creating an intermittent flow, while full pressure fully opens the main passage creating a continuous flow.

[0144] The pin (402) is a movable cylindrical component housed within the housing (404). Its function is to open and close the internal air passage paths. Its axial displacement is caused by the force applied from the lever (401 ), changing the state of the air flow. In the half-pressed state, the pin only opens the internal secondary passages of the housing, which are the internal grooves (407), allowing a limited, low-pressure flow to pass through. Whereas, in the fully pressed state, the main air passage is completely opened.

[0145] The retainer (403) acts as a stabilizer, designed to fix the air flow control mechanism inside the nozzle body. In this mechanism, the sealing O-rings (405) are placed at critical contact points between the pin and the housing. By providing a complete seal, they prevent unwanted air leakage. These O-rings also reduce the friction generated by the axial movement of the pin.

[0146] The return spring (406) is located behind the pin. By providing an elastic force, it causes the pin and lever to return to their initial position after the operator releases the pressure. The presence of this spring ensures that the mechanism returns to its initial state when inactive, completely blocking the air passage.

[0147] Device Operation Method:

[0148] In the Inactive State:

[0149] In the inactive state, the piston (303) is positioned at its lowest operational point inside the cylinder, and the compression spring (305) remains in a free (uncompressed) state. Under these conditions, the pollen outlet passage (205) is completely blocked, and due to the absence of motivating air pressure flow, no displacement or unwanted leakage of pollen particles occurs. This configuration prevents the unintended release of pollen when the system is not activated.

[0150] As shown in the figures 16&17 related to the inactive state, incoming air from path (104) enters the vertical air passage channel (105) incorporated in the nozzle body and is directed to the front chamber. However, because the sealing system is closed in this state, the air pressure remains trapped in this chamber, and the transfer path to the cylinder and piston section remains blocked.

[0151] In the Intermittent Air T ransfer State:

[0152] In the intermittent air transfer state, if the handle or trigger is held in a partially pressed position, the flow of compressed air continues at the nozzle output, and new pollen particles enter the output path.

[0153] In this state, as shown in Fig.17 , partially pressing the lever or handle (401 ) causes the axial movement of the pin (402) inside the housing (404) forward. As a result of this displacement, a portion of the compressed air, with a very low flow rate (approximately equivalent to one-quarter of the main flow rate), passes through the internal grooves of the housing (407). After passing through channel(106), it enters the output channel (107), from where it is directed to the input section of the pollen transfer cylinder.

[0154] In the primary embodiment of the invention, the housing (404) is fully sealed peripherally. This is achieved by using a set of polymer O-rings (405) at specified positions, preventing unwanted air leakage. In addition to the main flow path, a number (for example, three) of internal grooves (407) with a semi-circular crosssection are designed on the internal surface of the housing to allow controlled air passage.

[0155] In this state, the flow rate of the passing air is selected such that the resulting pressure is incapable of displacing the piston (303), but instead passes through the central groove (305) incorporated in the piston (303), acting as an auxiliary flow for displacing pollen grains towards the output path.

[0156] In the Continuous Air T ransfer State:

[0157] To change the nozzle's operation mode from intermittent dispersal to continuous dispersal, the control lever (401 ) mounted on the nozzle body is pressed further until it reaches the end of its travel path. This action results in the complete displacement of the pin (402) inside the housing (404) forward, and the tip of the pin completely exits the internal confines of the housing. During this process, the return spring (406) attached to the assembly is fully compressed under the applied force, storing the potential energy necessary for the pin to return to its initial state after the lever is released.

[0158] In this position, the internal cross-section of the housing opens such that the main path for the compressed air flow becomes completely unobstructed. The high-pressure airflow generated by the compressor enters from the input path (104), passes through the transfer channel (105), and via the internal paths of the housing, is transferred to the guide channel (106) and then to the air output channel (107). This direct flow, with a rate approximately four times greater than the intermittent state, enters the input chamber of the cylinder assembly (300).

[0159] A fundamental challenge in previous dispersal systems was the inability to completely discharge pollen particles from the dispersal tube after operation. In those systems, a portion of the pollen particles always remained inside the path and, due to gravity, would fall back towards the nozzle after the control handlewas released, causing disruption in the assembly's function. The mechanism presented in this invention, through its specific design of the air passage path and the sequence of operation of internal components, functions in such a way that after pollen particles enter the dispersal tube, compressed air free of particles passes through the path for a few seconds, washing and completely evacuating the tube of remaining pollen. This process, by completely eliminating pollen accumulation in the tube, keeps the nozzle's performance uniform and stable, and prevents clogging or unwanted particle leakage in subsequent dispersal cycles.

[0160] The pressure generated in this state is such that the resulting force overcomes the return force of the compression spring (305), causing the linear movement of the piston (303) inside the cylinder (301 ). As the piston displaces upwards, the pollen inlet at the outlet passage (205) is blocked by the lateral or bottom surface of the piston, thereby preventing the entry of new pollen particles at that moment. Simultaneously, the air pressure in the upstream section of the piston leads to the guidance and complete discharge of the pollen particles present within the dispersal tube.

[0161] In the second embodiment of this invention, a telescopic pollen transfer tube assembly based on a concentric conical connection is presented. In this design, unlike conventional telescopic tubes which primarily operate based on cylindrical diameter differences and with mechanical connections such as pins, screws, or latches, all tubes are manufactured as conical segments with an identical, fully concentric design. This allows the narrow end (bottom) of each tube to insert into and seat within the wider beginning (top) of the subsequent tube.

[0162] Each tube features one narrow end and one wide end with a very slight conical angle (on the order of a few degrees). This enables gradual, precise, and firm insertion and engagement between the tubes without the need for a separate mechanical lock. The external diameter of the narrow end of each tube is approximately 1 to 2 millimeters smaller than the internal diameter of the beginning of the next tube. At the end of each tube, a polymer washer made of polyurethane (or a similar material with elastic and shock-absorbing properties) is placed. Its functions are to limit the depth of insertion, prevent the tubes fromcollapsing completely under impact or sudden pressure, and provide protection against mechanical shock from accidental drops.

[0163] The design of the conical telescopic tubes offers several advantages. This structure creates a smooth, uninterrupted internal surface path which prevents pollen flow blockage. The slight-angle conical connection acts as a self-locking frictional mechanism that stabilizes the tubes in the extended state without requiring a mechanical lock. Furthermore, if sudden pressure is applied, only one tube collapses in a controlled manner, preventing the entire assembly from collapsing. The use of lightweight materials like carbon fiber reduces weight and vibration, enhancing dispersal accuracy and user comfort. The modular, repetitive structure of the tubes allows for production in various lengths, and the insulating coating guarantees electrical safety near power lines. Overall, this design, by simplifying assembly, increasing safety, and improving operational performance, functions more efficiently and safely compared to existing models.Industrial Applicability

[0164] The pollen dispersing device with a nozzle controlling the amount of pollen output and the pollen distribution tube assembly with a telescopic mechanism is related to machinery used in the fields of pollen dispersal, pesticide spraying, and particle distribution in agriculture and horticulture. These devices are used in date palm and pistachio orchards for pollination, but their application is not limited to this case; they can also be used for distributing pollen for various other plants. By using this device, the pollination process is carried out automatically and more efficiently, leading to improved product quality, reduced need for human labor, and positive effects on production and productivity in the fields of horticulture and agriculture. The relevant fields include biomechanics, agriculture, and horticulture, especially equipment and machinery for pollination, spraying, and particle distribution.

Claims

Claims

1. A Precision Pollinator with Controllable Pollen Output, comprising:(a) a) a nozzle body (11 ) defining an air passage (12) and having a connection point (13) for an air supply; b) a pollen reservoir (16) coupled to the nozzle body (11 ); c) a metering mechanism disposed to receive pollen from the pollen reservoir (16), the metering mechanism being operable to dispense a measured quantity of pollen into an exit groove (35); d) a paddle-based pollen separation mechanism (20) disposed below the pollen reservoir (16), comprising: i) a main frame (21 ) providing structural support; ii) an actuating connecting rod (22), iii) an intermediate connection piece (28), iv) a pair of pollen flow control blocks (30, 31), v) an exit groove (35) on the main frame (21 ) configured to direct separated pollen particles; vi) a guide plate (34) securing the guide rods (33); and vii) a spring (32) configured to restore the paddle-based pollen separation mechanism (20) to an initial position; e) an actuator coupled to the metering mechanism to effect the dispensing of the measured quantity of pollen; wherein the air passage (12) is configured to create a vacuum in the exit groove (35) to entrain the dispensed pollen into an airstream; and f) a telescopic distribution tube assembly (50) connected to the nozzle body (11 ) for directing the airstream with entrained pollen toward a plant.

2. The pollen distribution device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the actuating connecting rod (22) is constructed from aluminum.

3. The pollen distribution device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the pollen flow control blocks (30, 31 ) are configured to receive a pollenadditive mixture in an initial state beneath the pollen reservoir (16) and, upon activation of the actuating connecting rod (22), move forward to discharge the mixture into the exit groove (35) while sealing the pollen reservoir (16).

4. The pollen distribution device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the air compressor unit (40) includes a motor (42) and the pump (43), is configured to compress air into the air tank (41 ) for a regulated air supply to the nozzle assembly.

5. The pollen distribution device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the telescopic pollen distribution tube assembly (50) comprises some conical tubes (52).

6. The pollen distribution device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the telescopic pollen distribution tube assembly (50) further comprises a bushing (51 ) attached to an outlet duct of the passage (12) for interfacing with the nozzle assembly.

7. The pollen distribution device according to claim 1 , characterized in that, in a second embodiment, the paddle-based pollen separation mechanism (20) and pollen flow control blocks (30, 31 ) are replaced by: a) a screw feeder mechanism (200) comprising an adjustment screw (203) in a pollen outlet passage (205) for continuous flow adjustment by varying the cross- sectional area of an outlet groove (204); b) a pollen transfer cylinder and piston assembly (300) comprising a cylinder body (301) with stepped internal grooves (302a-302c), a piston (303) with a needle-shaped head (304) and a central groove (305) for controlled airflow, a compression spring (306), a magnet (309) for movement resistance, and Teflon end caps (307, 308) for insulation and sealing; and c) an air flow control mechanism (400) comprising a trigger (401 ), a pin (402), a retainer (403), a housing (404) with internal grooves (407), sealing O-rings (405), and a return spring (406), configured to switch between off, intermittent air transfer, and continuous air transfer states for precise pollen dispersal control

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