Method for solving neutron bombardment on inner wall of reactor in tokamak device

Abstract

A method for solving neutron bombardment on an inner wall of a reactor during the operation of a tokamak device, using a circulating liquid protection structure. Two annular gap nozzles are embedded above a central column of a reactor to continuously spray a high-temperature-resistant liquid onto an inner wall. Under the action of gravity, a layer of liquid continuously flowing downward is attached to the entire inner wall surface of the reactor, the liquid passes through a hole at the bottom of the inner wall of the reactor, and flows into a liquid storage tank below the device. Then, a pump is used to pump the liquid from the liquid storage tank into the two annular gap nozzles by means of external pipes, and the liquid is sprayed outward and downward. Therefore, the high-temperature-resistant liquid circulating in a completely sealed vacuum structure can cover the entire inner wall surface of the reactor, continuously resisting the bombardment from neutrons, thereby providing fundamental protection for the inner wall of the reactor. The thermal energy generated when the high-temperature-resistant liquid is bombarded by the neutrons can also be used for power generation.

Description

A method to address neutron impacts on the reactor wall of a tokamak device Technical Field

[0001] This invention is a method for solving the problem of neutron impacts on the inner wall of a tokamak device during operation. Background Technology

[0002] Controlled thermonuclear magnetic confinement fusion research is a field of great significance in contemporary natural science research. Its goal is to create extremely high-temperature conditions on Earth comparable to the internal temperature of the sun, utilize the abundant deuterium resources in seawater to conduct nuclear fusion reactions, and release enormous fusion energy to provide humanity with an inexhaustible new energy source. After more than 70 years of research and exploration, magnetic confinement fusion devices worldwide have gradually concentrated on tokamak devices.

[0003] During the operation of a tokamak device, the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction produces helium and neutrons, releasing enormous energy. The generated neutrons are high-energy and uncharged, and are not confined by the magnetic field in the tokamak device, so they have a high probability of colliding with the reactor's inner wall. Because these high-energy neutrons have strong impact and penetrating capabilities, they can damage the inner wall material when they collide with it. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention can be called a "circulating liquid protection structure." Specifically, two annular nozzles are embedded above the reactor's central column to continuously spray a high-temperature resistant liquid onto the inner wall. Through gravity, a layer of this liquid continuously flows downwards, adhering to the entire inner surface of the reactor. It then passes through holes drilled at the bottom of the reactor's inner wall and flows into a storage tank below the device. A pump then forces the liquid from the storage tank through external pipes into the two annular nozzles and sprays it outwards and downwards. In this way, the high-temperature resistant liquid circulating in a completely sealed vacuum structure can cover the entire inner surface of the reactor, continuously resisting neutron impacts and fundamentally protecting the reactor's inner wall. Furthermore, the heat generated by the high-temperature resistant liquid after being impacted by neutrons can be used to generate electricity. Attached Figure Description

[0005] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a spherical tokamak device that has not yet adopted the present invention.

[0006] Figure 2 is another schematic diagram of a spherical tokamak device that has not yet adopted the present invention.

[0007] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the embedded low-level annular gap nozzle and the high-level annular gap nozzle.

[0008] Figure 4 shows the front view and top view of the low-level annular gap nozzle and the high-level annular gap nozzle.

[0009] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the liquid storage tank and the holes.

[0010] Figure 6 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the bottom of the inner wall of the vacuum chamber.

[0011] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a large-diameter circular pipe that connects from the liquid storage tank to the high-level annular nozzle.

[0012] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of liquid circulating in a large-diameter circular pipe.

[0013] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a small-diameter circular pipe that connects from the liquid storage tank to the low-level annular nozzle.

[0014] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of liquid circulating in a small-diameter circular pipe.

[0015] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the overall liquid circulation flow after the entire structure is completed. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The following steps provide a clear overview of the complete structure of the "circulating liquid protection structure".

[0017] Step 1: The circulating liquid protection structure is suitable for tokamak devices of various shapes and operating modes. Let's take a near-spherical tokamak device as an example (as shown in Figures 1 and 2).

[0018] Step 2: First, the inner wall of the tokamak device must be made smooth enough to provide conditions for the downward-flowing liquid to adhere.

[0019] Step 3: Raise the inner wall of the top of the central column and insert two flat annular nozzles with cross-sections identical to the circular shape of the central column. These are referred to as the low-position annular nozzle and the high-position annular nozzle, respectively. Ensure the bottom surface of the low-position annular nozzle is flush against the top of the central column, the top surface of the low-position annular nozzle is flush against the bottom surface of the high-position annular nozzle, and the top surface of the high-position annular nozzle is flush against the inner wall directly above the device. (See Figures 3 and 4)

[0020] Step 4: Connect a vacuum-sealed liquid storage tank to the bottom of the device. Make a downward-facing hole (the hole can be of any shape and number) at the bottom of the inner wall of the vacuum chamber, so that the liquid in the vacuum chamber can flow into the liquid storage tank through the hole (as shown in Figure 5). Figure 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the bottom of the inner wall of the device, cut along the bottom horizontal section and looking down (as shown in Figure 6).

[0021] Step 5: Make an opening in the storage tank and connect a large-diameter circular pipe, extending upwards from the outside of the device to the top, and then penetrating downwards from the top outer wall until it penetrates the inner wall of the top of the vacuum chamber and the upper wall of the high-level annular nozzle (as shown in Figure 7).

[0022] Step 6: The liquid surface at the bottom of the vacuum chamber must be slightly higher than the inner wall plane at the bottom, and the area below the liquid surface (including the holes and storage tank) must be completely filled with liquid. The liquid is forced to the top by a high-pressure pump inside a large-diameter circular pipe, and then downwards, sprayed horizontally at 360° through a high-level annular nozzle, adhering to the inner wall of the outer coil, and flowing downwards to the bottom liquid surface (as shown in Figure 8, the direction of liquid flow is indicated by arrows).

[0023] Step 7: Inside the large-diameter circular pipe, pass through and secure a smaller-diameter concentric circular pipe. This smaller-diameter circular pipe also connects to the liquid storage tank, extends inside the large-diameter circular pipe to the top of the device, and then penetrates downwards, all the way through the upper wall of the low-level annular nozzle (as shown in Figure 9).

[0024] Step 8: Similar to the liquid in the large-diameter circular pipe, the liquid in the small-diameter circular pipe is pushed to the top by a low-pressure pump, and then downwards, sprayed 360° downwards through the low-position annular nozzle, and adheres to the inner wall of the central column, flowing downwards to the bottom liquid surface (as shown in Figure 10, the direction of liquid flow is indicated by arrows).

[0025] Step 9: The entire structure is complete. The high-temperature resistant liquid circulating in the vacuum environment adheres to the inner wall of the central column and the inner wall of the outer coil, which can continuously resist the impact of neutrons. The inner wall of the reactor no longer needs to worry about neutron collisions (as shown in Figure 11, the direction of liquid flow is indicated by arrows).

Claims

1. A method of solving the problem of the impact of neutrons on the walls of the reactor in the operation of a tokamak device, known as "circulating liquid protection structure", characterized by, Includes the following steps: Step 1: The circulating liquid protection structure is suitable for tokamak devices of various shapes and operating modes; Step 2: First, make the inner wall of the tokamak device smooth enough to provide conditions for the downward-flowing liquid to adhere; Step 3: Raise the inner wall of the top of the central column and insert two flat annular nozzles with cross-sections identical to the circular shape of the central column. These are called the low-position annular nozzle and the high-position annular nozzle, respectively. Make the bottom surface of the low-position annular nozzle tightly adhere to the top of the central column, the top surface of the low-position annular nozzle tightly adhere to the bottom surface of the high-position annular nozzle, and the top surface of the high-position annular nozzle tightly adhere to the inner wall directly above the device. Step 4: Connect a vacuum-sealed liquid storage tank to the bottom of the device. Make a downward-facing hole (the hole can be of any shape and number) at the bottom of the inner wall of the vacuum chamber so that the liquid in the vacuum chamber can flow into the liquid storage tank through the hole. Step 5: Make an opening in the storage tank and connect a large-diameter circular pipe, extending upwards from the outside of the device to the top, and then penetrating downwards from the top outer wall until it penetrates the inner wall of the top of the vacuum chamber and the upper wall of the high-level annular nozzle. Step 6: The bottom liquid surface in the vacuum chamber must be slightly higher than the bottom inner wall plane, and the area below the liquid surface (including holes and storage tanks) must be completely filled with liquid; the liquid is pushed to the top by a high-pressure pump in a large-diameter circular pipe, and then downwards, sprayed horizontally at 360° through a high-level annular nozzle, and adheres to the inner wall of the outer coil, flowing downwards to the bottom liquid surface; Step 7: Inside the large-diameter circular pipe, pass through and fix a smaller-diameter concentric circular pipe; this smaller-diameter circular pipe is also connected to the liquid storage tank, extends inside the large-diameter circular pipe to the top of the device, and then penetrates downwards, all the way through the upper wall of the low-level annular nozzle. Step 8: Similar to the liquid in the large-diameter circular pipe, the liquid in the small-diameter circular pipe is pushed to the top by a low-pressure pump, and then downwards, sprayed 360° downwards through the low-position annular nozzle, and adheres to the inner wall of the central column, flowing downwards to the bottom liquid surface. Step 9: The entire structure is complete. The high-temperature resistant liquid circulating in the vacuum environment adheres to the inner wall of the central column and the inner wall of the outer coil, which can continuously resist the impact of neutrons. The inner wall of the reactor no longer needs to worry about neutron collisions.

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